Professional Documents
Culture Documents
windows 3.1 :
Windows 3.0
Windows 3.1
Windows for workgroups 3.1
Windows 3.11
Windows for workgroups 3.11
Windows 95
Windows 98
Windows ME
windows NT 3.5
Windows NT 3.51
Windows NT 4.0
Windows 2000
:
Workstation
Server
ini :98
3.11
98 .regedit
Ini = initialization file
: swp
win386.swp c:\ windows
windows 3.11 ) . RAM(.
ini :
Win.ini
System.ini
startrun sysedit autoexec.bat config.sys
---
-- win.ini
autoexec.bat
--- system.ini
config.sys
98
User.dat
System.dat
R H S
user.da0 system.da0
:
user.dat
h r s
Attrib
Attrib h r s system.dat
Attrib h r s user.da0
Attrib h r s system.da0
:
Msdos.sys, IO.sys, command.com
.
:
Missing edugys.sys
Pressn any key to continue
regedit regedit
: pnp
29-7-2001
: FAT 16, FAT 32, NTFS
FAT:File Allocation Table
NTFS: Windows NT File System
DOS Windows NT windows 95 . FAT 32
SR1
Windows 95 FAT32
SR2
Windows 95 FAT32
FAT16 FAT32
FAT16 : FAT 32
FAT16 2.1
GB
.
fat16 Fat32 .
FAT32 Boot sector Fat16 fat16
boot sector .
95 :98
98
98 USB .
C:\windows :98
: C:\windows\command .
: C:\windows\cookies ) (.
: C:\windows\cursors
: C:\windows\desktop .
: C:\windows\favorites ) (.
: C:\windows\fonts .
.
: C:\windows\help
: C:\windows\history .
: C:\windows\INF hardware
: C:\windows\media
C:\windows\PIF
: C:\windows\spool\printers
.
: C:\windows\start menu start
: C:\windows\sysbckup
.
: C:\windows\system 98 GDI.EXE, KRNL.EXE, USER.EXE
: C:\WINDOWS\TEMP ) (.
: .
: :
User.dat sysytem.dat
c:\windows
).. .(...
C:\windows *.
dat
. c:\BACKUP
C:\BACKUP
. C:\WINDOWS
5 2001
)( : USB ...
-
) ...
readme.txt
CMOS .
: Device Manager
) .device manger (.
)
(.
:
view by type
view by connection
: inf
) ( inf
.
: :
)(
remove refresh -
(
)
.
:
: DEVICE MANAGER
inf
) 95 (98
BIOS
) (.
user.dat system.dat
12-08-2001
)(1
)(2
)(3
)(4
)(5
)(6
)(7
)(8
)(9
: -- - / start up disk
.
registry regedit- enter -
registry export registry file .
%99 Safe
Mode regedit registry import registry file
.
safe mode copy ren
. c:\windows\regedit
)
.(... device manager .
Sacandisk .
. DEFRAG
isa pci . agp
98 IRQ IRQ
. STEERING
IRQ device manager resources
. device manager use automatic setting
.
: 9x
486-
)(10
)(11
:
.
:
)( :
Cant read CAB files
.
)( :
This system already has an OS
upgrade
:
-1 setup
-2 c
-3 cd\system
-4 ren setupx.dll setupx.0L1
-5 ren setupx.w95 setupx.0L2
-6 setup
) (12 :
*.*~ -
.
RAM
4 :
DD-RAM
RD-RAM
SD-RAM
)( RAM 486 :
) - DIPP dual in line package (1
- pin SIPP
)( RAM :
) - pin SIMM-72 (8 . - data bus 32-bit wide
. parity
) - (pin DIMM (Dual in Line Memory Module 168 (9 data bus 64-bit
- - wide 128 64 32 16 8 . MB
) : (EDO (External Data Out (10 :
)( )( PIN 72 . PIN 168
): SDRAM Synchronous dynamic RAM (11
MHz 83100133 75 66 :
.
) (12 : CMOS
:
) ( jumper off on . .
. 1k=1024 byte RAM : CMOS memory mismatch , press f1 to continue
. ctrl+alt+del
) (13 :
MTBF 30 35.
:
)( : parity errors :
" parity error at xxxx:xxxx x :
03F2:2ABC
.
:
.
:
Norton Utilities
Troubleshooter
QA/Plus FE
HIMEM.SYS DOS 6.22 or higher unreliable
memory
)( :
" KRNL386 causeda page fault at 03F2:25A003BC
03F2:25A003BC
.
.
.
.
.
ISO9660
:
X1 KBps 150
= 4800 Kbps
= 9000 Kbps
x32
x60
: CD-R
1995
CD - Recordable
MB 650 74.
.
CD-R :
4x24, 10x32, 16x32 :
.
: CD-RW
Rewritable CD
MB 650
1 2000 . CD-RW
CD-R CD-RW
CD-R CD-RW
8x4x32 :
:8
:4
:32
:
cmos setup
. ATAPI
SCSI
98 cmos .
config.sys . autoexec.bat
:DVD
[ Digital Versatile Disc
DVD DVD.
DVD ) VHS(
DVD GB 4.37 ... GB 16 8
.
:DVD
SS DS
.
) (1
) (2
) (3 : Resoltion dot
pixel
.
phospore
) (4
.
.
Safe Mode F8
Starting Windows 98 . 3
:
) : Dot pitch (5 .
dot pitch 0.22-0.39 .
) : Interlace (6
.
) (7 : ) 80 (
. BIOS
) (8
. Anode
) (9 30-15
%100 .
) (10 :
)(
(
)
- .
(
)
- maximum
.
: .
(
)
(
)
(
)
(
)
) (11 :
)( .
)( .
)( .
)(
. .
)(
)(
)( .
AGP :
AGP
PCI
PCI
)(1
:
( CGA : Color Grapic Adapter 320x200
( : EGA : Enhanced Graphics Adapter 640x350 16.
( : VGA: Video Graphic Array 640x480 256.
( : SVGA:Super VGA VGA
800x600 16.5 16 24 32.
)(2
)(3
)(4
:
)(
.
PCI .
)(
.
)( :
-1
-2 ) (
.
3.5 1.44.
cmos SETUP A b
5.25 .
: 34.
.
:
.1
.2
SCAN DISK
.3 cmos
.4 Floppy Controller
.5
:
TV Out
:
port serial port male - Keyboard 25
port serial male - 25 port female LPT printer port 15
joystick- VGA input for the monitor
LPT Port
serial1 - serial2
:Left to right
keyboard
USP ports 2
Serial
serial-serial-USB-KB
Parallel-Mouse
.1 :
(
(
( " "
.2 AT :
- MOLEX
- submolex
P8 and P9 -
Mini -
-
.3 :
5 -
12- -
12 -
2 -
-4 P8 P9 :
-
-
-5 :Molex
-
-
- Molex 5 12
- Molex
-6 on/off :
-
rocker
remote
Depression
Plunger
-7 :
-
- " "
-8 on/off:
-
-
-9 .
.
-
- P8 P9
- P8 P9
-10 :
-
-
__________________
:
-1 -
Cntrl-Alt-Del
-2 error code
. error codes
-3
.
SCSI
(Small Computer Systems Interface
( SCSI
:
Hard Disks
Tape Backups
Removable Hard Drives
Scanners
CD-ROM Drives
Printers
:
SCSI-1, SCSI-2, Wide SCSI, Ultra Wide SCSI
SCSI-2
SCSI-1 286
terminator .
:SCSI
IDE MBPS 5.5-2.5
SCSI MBPS 33
:SCSI
//
:
.1
.2
SCSI
.
3 6 .
:Track ) (
Sector 512 ) (
Cylinder sectors
Spindle
:
ST-506
ESDI: Enhanced Small Device Interface
IDE: Integrated Device Electronics (ATA, ATA 2, ATAPI)
EIDE: Enhanced Integrated Device Electronics (ATA 3, Ultra ATA, Fast ATA, Fast ATA 2) have a transfer rate of 4-16 MBps
:
ATAPI (ATA Packet Interface) is the protocol that allows devices other than
(hard drives to connect via the IDE interface (ie, CD-ROMs
. controller
PIO (Programmed Input/Output) and DMA (Direct Memory Access) modes
define the transfer rate of the interface, and specify the protocol used between
.device and controller
SMART
.
. setup
SMART (Self-Monitoring Analysis and Reporting Technology) pre-detects
failures, and warns the user
:
)(1
)(
(
)
(
)
slave
extended partition
(
)
) (2 :
)( cylinders
)( Write precomp cylinder
)( heads
)( sectors per track
) (3 :
)( 1
)( 2
)3 (3
)4 (4
) (4 Slave
: master
)(
)( jumpers
)( Ide Controller
)(
) (5 :
)(
)(
)(
)(
.1
Boot Sector
Executable
exe
.
.3
.4
.5
Macro
Macro .
Trojan
)
( .
Bimodal\Bipartite
boot-sector exe
.1 50:
(
( SCSI
( EIDE
(
IDE
MB 504
( DOS
( 8MB
(
.3 15 ) ( :
(
(
( joystick
(
.4
:
(
( Power supply
(
(
ESD
.5
: 626-1049
(
AT6261049
( ATDT6261049
( ATM6261049
(
AT6261049DT
.6 :
(
(
(
(
.7 2 : Cache
(
KB 256
MB 1
.8 bit 64 :
(
286
( 386
( 486
(
Pentium
.9 bit 16
(
ISA
( EISA
( PCI
(
VL-BUS
.10
(
:
digital to analog
( analog to digital
(
(
.11
UART
:
(
Com1
( Com2
( Internal Modem
(
External Modem
.12
(
: SCSI
(
(
(
.13
) (
:
(
(
( CD_Recorder
(
.14
100
RAM SIMM 72 DIMM 72
SIMM 72 BANK :
(
( 2
( 4
(
.15
:
(
.16
CMOS
cmos setup :
(
Heads
( Cylinders
( Drive letter
(
.17
Tracks
CMOS
:
(
( Partition
( Reset CPU
(
.18
RAM
SDRAM : PIN
30
( 128
( 148
(
.19
168
:
(
ATX
( ATX
( AT
(
AT
95
.20
3 800MHz
:
(
( ATX 5
( power supply
(
AT
: slot1
.21
(
Pentium 4
( Pentium 2
( Pentium 3
(
Pentium Celeron
5
6
7
10
11
12
13
14
15
16
17
18
19
20
21
:
.
LAN
Local Area Network . : . .
. .
WAN
Wide Area Network . : LAN
. WAN .
ISDN DSL Cable . leased line
:
)(1
)(2
: ISDN
)(3
server
clients
: .
. NT 2000 XP Novell Netware Unix Apple Talk :
Physical Topologies:
Ring
Star
:
NIC Network
. Interface Card
ISA, PCI : PCMCIA
: Hub switch .
:Repeater
.
Router
:
. :
.
Bus
: Bridge
: Gateway .
: Modem .
:
:
)(1
)(2
: fiper optic .
: Twisted pair :
:
)( STP : Sheilded twisted pair .
.
)( UTP : Unsheilded twisted pair .
Description
Category
CAT5
:
UTP or STP
UTP
4 twisted pair, data transmission up to 100
Mbps, Ethernet and fast Ethernet
4 twisted pair, data transmission up to 155
Mbps, fast Ethernet
:
RJ-45
Coaxial
:
)(1
: simplex
)(2
: Half-duplex . :
)(3
: Full-Duplex :
:
Mapped Drive
Shared Drive
Shared Folder
domain
domains
.1
Peer-to-peer .
2 9.
.2
.3
security .
.4
PDC
Primary Domain Controller
: PDC
.
.5
) .
( .
(.
.6
PDC
. BDC . Backup domain controller
.7
98
-
A+_OS
-
SCSI
BIOS Features Setup
Enabled : Disable
. Enabled
400 500
Disabled 2 3
.
Enabled, Disabled :
Enabled, Disabled :
L2 ECC
.
L2
.
Enabled, Disabled :
3
.3
Enabled, Disabled :
boot
sector partition table .
external controller
:
.SCSI
UltraDMA 66 UltraDMA100
motherboards ChipAway
.
Boot Sequence :
A, C, SCSI/EXT
C, A, SCSI/EXT
C, CD-ROM, A
CD-ROM, C, A
D, A, SCSI/EXT ((IDE
E, A, SCSI/EXT
F, A, SCSI
((IDE
((IDE
SCSI/EXT, A, C
SCSI/EXT, C, A
A, SCSI/EXT, C
LS/ZIP, C
C
SCSI SCSI .
IDE, SCSI :
EXT IDE
IDE
SCSI SCSI ABIT BE6 .BP6
Enabled, Disabled :
A B B A
.
On, Off:
Normal, Fast :
A20 1 Fast
Motherboard Chipset A20
Normal Keyboard Controller A20
OS/2 A20
Fast
1 Chipset
. Fast
Interrupt 512 .
NT
NT Service Pack 2 .
Enabled, Disabled :
Keystroke
.
Security Setup :
System, Setup :
PASSWORD SETTING
.
System
Setup .
-1 Award :
-2
jumper
.
-3
.
Enabled, Disabled :
32
16 32
PCI
16 .
NT Service Pack 2
.
Enabled, Disabled :
MPEG Add-on
graphics card's Feature Connector MPEG
OS/2, Non-OS/2 :
Enabled, Disabled :
95 98
Enabled IRQ6
Disabled Disable
Onboard FDC Controller
Integrated Peripherals Onboard FDC Controller . Disabled
15 ,... ,3 ,2 ,1 ,0 :
IDE
0 IDE
IDE .
Enabled, Disabled :
.S.M.A.R.T ) Self
(Monitoring Analysis And Reporting
S.M.A.R.T
.
Video BIOS Shadowing :
Enabled, Disabled :
95
.
Enabled, Disabled :
Add-on
.
3 2 :
6/8 ,5/6 :
TRAS . TRC
5/6
.6/8
2 : 3
2 .3
.4 3 :
SDRAM 3
.4
Enabled, Disabled :
SDRAM
.SDRAM
SDRAM
.
SDRAM
.
ECC, Non-ECC :
.SDRAM
SDRAM
SDRAM
.
SDRAM :
-1 .SDRAM
-2 SDRAM
.
-3 SDRAM
.
-4 SDRAM
.
-5 .
interleaving
:
-1 .SDRAM
-2 .SDRAM
-3 .
-4 .SDRAM
-5 .SDRAM
-6 .
-7 .SDRAM
-8 .SDRAM
-9 .
-10 .SDRAM
-11 .SDRAM
-12 .
SDRAM DIMM .
) 32 (
.Bank-2
)
64 ( Bank-2 Bank-4
Bank-4 .Bank-2
Award
16Mbit SDRAM DIMM .Disabled
Read-Around-Write :
Enabled, Disabled :
.
.SDRAM
Enabled, Disabled :
OS/2 .
Enabled, Disabled :
ISA 15M-16M
16
15
.
NA, 8, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7 :
NA, 4, 1, 2, 3 :
Enabled, Disabled :
5.3 )128bit X
(166MHz DDR SDRAM 0.8 )64bit X
(100MHz SDRAM PC133 1.06
) .(64bit X133MHz
Passive Release :
Enabled, Disabled :
PCI
ISA ISA
ISA .ISA
Delayed Transaction :
Enabled, Disabled :
ISA PCI
PCI PCI ISA
PCI
ISA ISA
.PCI 2.1
Enabled, Disabled :
Delayed Transaction .PCI 2.1
AGP 2X Mode :
Enabled, Disabled :
AGP 2X AGP1X 66
264 AGP2X
AGP2X
Super Socket 7 .
Enabled, Disabled :
AGP
.
Enabled, Disabled :
AGP
.
Enabled, Disabled :
Spread Spectrum :
Electromagnetic Interference
Spread Spectrum
.SCSI
Smart Clock
AGP PCI SDRAM
.
Smart Clock
%0.25 %0.5
.
Enabled, Disabled :
Enabled, Disabled :
Flash BIOS
.
Enabled, Disabled :
24
Reset Button
.
Enabled, Disabled :
DRAM
.
0ms, 0.5ms :
36
0ms
.0.5ms
Byte Merge :
Enabled, Disabled :
8 16 PCI
32 PCI
.
PCI Pipeline / PCI Pipelining :
Enabled, Disabled :
PCI
32 PCI
.
Enabled, Disabled :
Enabled, Disabled :
PCI
PCI
PCI
PCI .
Enabled, Disabled :
PCI
32 .
Enabled, Disabled :
PCI
PCI
PCI
PCI
.
Enabled, Disabled :
45 .
Enabled, Disabled :
60 60
PCI
PCI
PCI .
AGP 4X Mode :
Enabled, Disabled :
AGP4X
AGP4X
AGP4X .
.PCI
PCI 1 PCI
.
PCI .
PCI 2 PCI
.
.
PCI 3 PCI
. PCI
.
PCI 2 .
Auto, Manual :
AGP Auto
Chipset AGP AGP .
Manual
.
.Manual
AGP
Hex 00 FF
0 255 (DA (218
AGP NVIDIA GeForce2 (EA (234
.
DIMM :
-1 DIMM .
-2 .
Auto
.
No Delay .
.AGP
.
AGP
RAM
.
64.
MD Driving Strength :
Hi/High, Lo/Low :
DRAM )
( Hi High
Lo .Low
Integrated Peripherals
Enabled, Disabled :
IDE IDE
IRQ
IDE
SCSI .IDE
Enabled, Disabled :
IDE IDE
IRQ
IDE
SCSI .IDE
Auto ,4 ,3 ,2 ,1 ,0 :
Auto :
-1 PIO.
-2 .
-3 PCI
.PIO
PIO .
PIO .
Master/Slave Drive UltraDMA :
Auto, Disabled :
) UltraDMA (
.IDE
Auto UltraDMA
UltraDMA
.
DMA Win9x
DMA
.
Enabled, Disabled :
Ultra DMA-66/100 )
(.
-1 .
-2 .
USB Controller :
Enabled, Disabled :
Enabled, Disabled :
USB
.
OS, BIOS :
USB .
OS .BIOS
AGP, PCI :
AGP PCI
) (PCI, AGP
.
16MHz
.
Enabled, Disabled :
Auto I/O Address IRQ
IRQ I/O Address IRQ IRQ
IRQ .
Onboard IR Function :
IrDA (HPSIR) mode, ASK IR (Amplitude Shift Keyed IR) mode, Disabled :
Duplex Select :
Full-Duplex, Half-Duplex :
Full-Duplex
Half-Duplex .
High, Low :
High Low
.
I/O IRQ
378h/IRQ7 .
Power On Function :
Button Only, Keyboard 98, Hot Key, Mouse Left, Mouse Right :
Button Only .
Keyboard 98
.98
Hot Key
Ctrl+F1 .Ctrl+F12
Mouse Left )
.(PS/2
Mouse Right )
.(PS/2
Parallel Port Mode :
(Normal (SPP : .
2.5
.Scanners
ECP+EPP :
.
Channel 1, Channel 3 :
ECP : ECP+EPP
DMA Channel 3
.Channel 1
EPP : ECP+EPP
EPP EPP 1.9
.EPP 1.7
Enabled, Disabled :
USB Controller
.USB
PNP OS Installed :
Yes, No :
Enabled, Disabled :
IRQ
.
Edge, Level :
Level
IRQ .
Enabled, Disabled :
Resource Controlled By :
Auto, Manual :
IRQ DMA
.
-4 INT A
IRQ .
-6 PCI .IRQ
USB -7 .PIRQ_4
PIRQ .INT
AGP
PCI IRQ PCI
.
Auto :
-1 IRQ.
-2 PIRQ.
-3 . PIRQ
PCI PIRQ
PIRQ_2 INT A IRQ
IRQ 7 PIRQ_2 .
3 2 1 0 :
Enabled, Disabled :
255 0 :
PCI
PCI
.
32 64 128
.
A+
) )
1.
) +
.2
+ ASCII Bus
:
.3
:
CPU
.4
Address Bus
Chip Packages Chipset
Power Supply
.5
Power Supply
Power Supply
UPS (Uninterruptible Power
(Supply
BIOS +
.6
Chipset ROM/BIOS CMOS (POST (Power on self test Memory
.7
ROM & RAM DRAM RAM Drives
.8
Floppy Drive : Low Level Formatting -
:
.13
AC DC Multimeter Power Supply ( ESD ( Electrostatic Discharge Upgrading the Computer
.14
Hardware Software Memory CPU Upgrade Expansion Bus : Software
.15
: DOS Windows 95/98/ME Windows NT DOS Windows Virtual Memory Windows 98
.16
98 .17
.18
:
.19
.20
:98
windows 3.1 :
Windows 3.0
Windows 3.1
Windows for workgroups 3.1
Windows 3.11
Windows for workgroups 3.11
Windows 95
Windows 98
Windows ME
windows NT 3.5
Windows NT 3.51
Windows NT 4.0
Windows 2000
:
Workstation
Server
ini :98
3.11
98 .regedit
-- win.ini
autoexec.bat
--- system.ini
98
config.sys
:
User.dat
System.dat
R H S
user.da0 system.da0
:
user.dat
h r s
Attrib
Attrib h r s system.dat
Attrib h r s user.da0
Attrib h r s system.da0
:
Msdos.sys, IO.sys, command.com
.
Missing edugys.sys
Pressn any key to continue
regedit regedit
: pnp
plug and play
) ( . : ...
: Safe Mode
.
:
8.3
.. ,autoexec.bat, config.sys, ahmad.doc :
98 95 255 .
FAT32 FAT16 : NTFS
29-7-2001
: FAT 16, FAT 32, NTFS
FAT:File Allocation Table
NTFS: Windows NT File System
DOS Windows NT windows 95 . FAT 32
SR1
SR2
Windows 95 FAT32
Windows 95 FAT32
FAT16 FAT32
FAT16 : FAT 32
FAT16 2.1
GB
.
fat16 Fat32 .
FAT32 Boot sector Fat16 fat16
boot sector .
95 :98
98
98 USB .
C:\windows :98
: C:\windows\command .
: C:\windows\cookies ) (.
: C:\windows\cursors
: C:\windows\desktop .
: C:\windows\favorites ) (.
: C:\windows\fonts .
.
: C:\windows\help
: C:\windows\history .
: C:\windows\INF hardware
: C:\windows\media
C:\windows\PIF
: C:\windows\spool\printers
.
: C:\windows\start menu start
: C:\windows\sysbckup
.
: C:\windows\system 98 GDI.EXE, KRNL.EXE, USER.EXE
: C:\WINDOWS\TEMP ) (.
: .
: :
User.dat sysytem.dat
c:\windows
).. .(...
C:\windows *.
. c:\BACKUP
dat
C:\BACKUP
. C:\WINDOWS
5 2001
)( : USB ...
-
) ...
readme.txt
CMOS .
: Device Manager
) .device manger (.
)
(.
:
view by type
view by connection
: inf
) ( inf
.
: :
)(
remove refresh -
(
)
.
:
: DEVICE MANAGER
AGP PCI .
.
: device manager
inf
) 95 (98
BIOS
) (.
user.dat system.dat
1 -08-2001
12
)(1
)(2
)(3
)(4
)(5
)(6
)(7
)(8
: -- - / start up disk
.
registry regedit- enter -
registry export registry file .
%99 Safe
Mode regedit registry import registry file
.
safe mode copy ren
. c:\windows\regedit
)
.(... device manager .
Sacandisk .
. DEFRAG
isa pci . agp
98 IRQ IRQ
. STEERING
IRQ device manager resources
. device manager use automatic setting
)(9
: 9x
)(10
)(11
:
.
:
)( :
Cant read CAB files
.
)( :
This system already has an OS
upgrade
:
-1 setup
-2 c
-3 cd\system
-4 ren setupx.dll setupx.0L1
-5 ren setupx.w95 setupx.0L2
-6 setup
) (12 :
*.*~ -
.