PROBLEMAS RESUELTOS DE ANALISIS DE ESTRUCTURAS POR EL METODO DE LOS NUDOS

Problema resuelto Pg. 246 Esttica BEDFORD Problema 6.1 Esttica BEDFORD edic 4 Problema 6.2 Esttica BEDFORD edic 4 Problema 6.4 Esttica BEDFORD edic 5 Problema 6.13 Esttica BEDFORD edic 4 Problema 6.14 Esttica BEDFORD edic 4 Problema 6.1 BEER Johnston edic 6 Problema 6.2 BEER Johnston edic 6 Problema 6.3 BEER Johnston edic 6 Problema 6.4 BEER Johnston edic 6 Problema 6.1 Esttica Hibbeler edic 10 Problema 6.2 Esttica Hibbeler edic 10 Problema 6.3 Esttica Hibbeler edic 10 Problema 6.4 Esttica Hibbeler edic 10 Problema c-34 esttica Hibbeler edic 10 Problema C-35 esttica Hibbeler edic 10 Problema 6.8 esttica Hibbeler edic 10 Problema resuelto Pag. 145 Esttica Meriam Problema 4.1 Esttica Meriam edicin tres Problema 4.1 Esttica Meriam edicin cinco Problema 4.3 Esttica Meriam edicin tres Problema 4.3 Esttica Meriam edicin cinco Problema 4.4 Esttica Meriam edicin tres Problema 4.4 Esttica Meriam edicin cinco Problema 4.5 Esttica Meriam edicin tres Problema 4.7 Esttica Meriam edicin tres Erving Quintero Gil Tecnlogo electromecnico - UTS Ing. Electromecnico - UAN Especialista en Ingeniera del gas - UIS Bucaramanga Colombia 2011

Para cualquier inquietud o consulta escribir a: quintere@hotmail.com quintere@gmail.com quintere2006@yahoo.com

Mtodo de las juntas o nudos (PROBLEMA RESUELTO PAG. 246 ESTATICA BEDFORD) El mtodo de las juntas implica dibujar diagramas de cuerpo libre de las juntas de una armadura, una por una, y usar las ecuaciones de equilibrio para determinar las fuerzas axiales en las barras. Por lo general, antes debemos dibujar un diagrama de toda la armadura (es decir, tratar la armadura como un solo cuerpo) y calcular las reacciones en sus soportes. Por ejemplo, la armadura WARREN de la figura 6.6(a) tiene barras de 2 metros de longitud y soporta cargas en B y D. En la figura 6.6(b) dibujamos su diagrama de cuerpo libre. De las ecuaciones de equilibrio.
400 N

C A
2m 2m

Fig. 6. 6(a) Armadura WARREN soportando dos cargas

400 N 800 N

A
AX 1m AY 2m 1m

3m
E
1m 2m 1m EY 400 N 800 N

B
TAB

TBD TBC

TBD

D
TDC TDE

TAB TBC TDE

A
AY

TAC

TAC

TEC

TEC

Fig. 6. 6(b) Diagrama de cuerpo libre de la armadura

 MA = 0

- 400 (1) - 800 (1 +1+1) + EY (1+1+1+1) = 0

FX = 0 FY = 0

AX = 0

- 400 - 800 (3) + EY (4) = 0 - 400 - 2400 + 4 EY = 0 - 2800 + 4 EY = 0 4 EY = 2800

AY + EY 400 - 800 = 0

EY =

2800 = 700 N 4

EY = 700 N ME = 0

- AY (1+1+1+1) + 400 (1+1+1) + 800 (1) = 0

- AY (4) + 400 (3) + 800 = 0 - 4 AY + 1200 + 800 = 0 4 AY = 2000

AY =

2000 = 500 N 4

AY = 500 N NUDO A El siguiente paso es elegir una junta y dibujar su diagrama de cuerpo libre. En la figura 6.7(a) aislamos la junta A cortando las barras AB y AC. Los trminos TAB y TAC son las fuerzas axiales en las barras AB y AC respectivamente. Aunque las direcciones de las flechas que representan las fuerzas axiales desconocidas se pueden escoger arbitrariamente, observe que las hemos elegido de manera que una barra estar a tensin, si obtenemos un valor positivo para la fuerza axial. Pensamos que escoger consistentemente las direcciones de esta manera ayudara a evitar errores. 400 N

TAB
2

3
1 AY

TAB

A
TAC
AY

TAB

TAC

TAB

C
TAC TAC

A
AY

Figura 6.7(a) Obtencin del diagrama de cuerpo libre de la junta A.

Las ecuaciones de equilibrio para la junta A son:

TAB TAC A Y = = 2 1 3
Hallar TAB

Hallar TAC

TAB A Y = 2 3
AY = 500 N

TAB TAC = 2 1
T TAC = AB 2
TAB = 577,35 Newton

TAB 500 = = 288,67 2 3 TAB = 2 (288,67 ) = 577,35 N

TAB = 577,35 Newton(compresin)

TAC =

577,35 = 288,67 N 2

TAC = 288,67 Newton (Tension)

NUDO B Luego obtenemos un diagrama de la junta B cortando las barras AB, BC y BD (Fig. 6.8 a). De las ecuaciones de equilibrio para la junta B.
400 N

400 N

800 N

B
TAB

TBD

B
TAB

TBD TBC

TBD

400 N

D
60
0

TBD
600

TBC TAB TBC

TAB (Y)

TBC TBC (Y) TAB TAB (X) TBC (X)

A
AY

TAC

TAC

Figura 6.8(a) Obtencin del diagrama de cuerpo libre de la junta B.

sen 60 =

TAB(Y ) TAB

Para abreviar los clculos

TAB (Y) = TAB sen 60

3 TAB(Y ) = TAB 2

sen 60 =

3 2

cos 60 =

1 2

 3 TAB(Y ) = 2 TAB
TAB = 577,35 Newton

3 TAB(Y ) = 2 (577,35) = 500 N

TAB (Y) = 500 N

cos 60 =

TAB(X ) TAB

TAB (X) = TAB cos 60

sen 60 =

TBC(Y ) TBC

cos 60 =

TBC (Y) = TBC sen 60

TBC(X ) TBC

1 TAB(X ) = TAB 2 1 TAB(X ) = TAB 2

TAB = 577,35 Newton

3 TBC(Y ) = TBC 2 3 TBC(Y ) = 2 TBC

TBC (X) = TBC cos 60

1 TBC(X ) = TBC 2 1 TBC(X ) = TBC 2

TAB(X ) =

1 (577,35) = 288,67 N 2

TAB (X) = 288,67 N

3 TBC(Y ) = 2 TBC
FY = 0 - 400 + TAB (Y) - TBC (Y) = 0 TAB (Y) = 500 N - 400 + 500 - TBC (Y) = 0 100 - TBC (Y) = 0 100 = TBC (Y) FX = 0 - TBD + TAB (X) + TBC (X) = 0 TAB (X) = 288,67 N TBC (X) = 57,73 Newton - TBD + 288,67 + 57,73 = 0 - TBD + 346,4 = 0 TBD = 346,4 Newton (compresin) 100 = TBC (Y)

3 100 = 2 TBC 200 2 TBC = = 115,47 N 100 = 3 3

TBC = 115,47 N (compresin)

Se halla TBC (X)

1 TBC(X ) = TBC 2
TBC = 115,47 N

1 TBC(X ) = (115,47 ) = 57,73 N 2

TBC (X) = 57,73 Newton

NUDO D Luego obtenemos un diagrama de la junta D cortando las barras BD, DC y DE . De las ecuaciones de equilibrio para la junta D.
800 N

TBD

800 N

800 N

TBD

TBD

D
TDC TDE TDE TDC (Y)

600

600

TDE TDC TDC (X) TDE (X)

TDE (Y)

TDC TDE

Para abreviar los clculos

TEC

TEC
EY

sen 60 =

3 2

cos 60 =

1 2

sen 60 =

TDC(Y ) TDC

TDC (Y) = TDC sen 60

cos 60 =

3 TDC(Y ) = TDC 2 3 TDC (Y ) = 2 TDC

TDC(X ) TDC

TDC (X) = TDC cos 60

1 TDC(X ) = TDC 2 3 TDC(Y ) = 2 TDC

sen 60 =

TDE(Y ) TDE

cos 60 =

TDE (Y) = TDE sen 60

TDE(X ) TDE

3 TDE (Y ) = TDE 2 3 TDE(Y ) = 2 TDE

FX = 0 TBD - TDE (X) + TDC (X) = 0 TBD = 346,4 Newton

TDE (X) = TDE cos 60

1 TDE (X ) = TDE 2 1 TDE (X ) = TDE 2

(compresin)

346,4

- TDE (X) + TDC (X) = 0

TDE (X) - TDC (X) = 346,4 ecuacin 1 Pero: FY = 0 - 800 + TDE (Y) + TDC (Y) = 0 TDE (Y) + TDC (Y) = 800 ecuacin 2 Pero:

1 TDE (X ) = TDE 2 1 TDC(X ) = TDC 2

Reemplazando en la ecuacin 1

1 TDE 2

1 - TDC = 346,4 ecuacin 3 2

TDE(Y ) = TDC(Y ) =

3 TDE 2 3 TDC 2

Reemplazando en la ecuacin 2

resolver ecuacin 3 y ecuacin 4

3 3 TDE + 2 TDC = 800 ecuacin 4 2

1 1 TDE - TDC = 346,4 multiplicar por 2 2 3 3 TDE + 2 TDC = 800 2 3 - 2 TDC = 346,4 3 3 TDE + 2 TDC = 800 2 3 TDE 2

[ 3]

[ 3 ]= 600

3 3 TDE + 2 TDE = 600 + 800 = 1400 2 3 2 2 TDE = 1400

3 TDE = 1400
TDE = 1400 = 808,29 N 3

TDE = 808,29 Newton (compresin) Reemplazando en la ecuacin 4, se halla TDC

3 3 TDE + 2 TDC = 800 ecuacin 4 2 3 3 (808,29 ) + 2 TDC = 800 2 3 700 + 2 TDC = 800 3 2 TDC = 800 - 700 = 100 2 200 TDC = 100 = 115,47 N = 3 3
TDC = 115,47 Newton (Tensin) Problema 6.1 ESTATICA BEDFORD edic 4 Determine the axial forces in the members of the truss and indicate whether they are in tension (T) or compression (C) A
10 KN

A
10 KN

A
10 KN

2m

2m

2m

B
1m

BX

B C
BY 1m CY

BX

B C
BY 1m CY

MC = 0

FX = 0 10 BX = 0 BX = 10 KN

FY = 0 CY BY = 0 CY = BY Pero: BY = 20 KN

BY (1) 10 (2) = 0

BY (1) = 10 (2) BY = 20 KN

CY = 20 KN

NUDO B
FBA

FX = 0 FBC BX = 0
FBC

FY = 0 FBA BY = 0 FBA = BY pero: BY = 20 KN FBA = 20 KN (tensin)

BX

B
BY

FBC = BX pero: BX = 10 KN FBC = 10 KN (tensin)

NUDO A A
10 KN FBA FBA FAC 2 1
5

FAC

FBA 10 FAC = = 2 1 5
Hallamos FAC

10 KN

10 FAC = 1 5 FAC = 10 5 = 22,36 KN

FAC = 22,36 KN (compresin)

( )

Problema 6.2 ESTATICA BEDFORD edic 4 La armadura mostrada soporta una carga de 10 kN en C. a) Dibuje el diagrama de cuerpo libre de toda la armadura y determine las reacciones en sus soportes b) Determine las fuerzas axiales en las barras. Indique si se encuentran a tensin (T) o a compresin (C) .

BY BX

FCB

FAB 3m

=0 =0

MB = 0

FAB AX

FCB

AX (3) - 10 (4) = 0

A
FCA 4m FCA

C
10 KN

AX (3) = 10 (4) 3 AX = 40 FY = 0 BY - 10 = 0 BY = 10 KN

AX =

40 = 13,33KN 3

AX = 13,33 KN MA = 0

BX (3) - 10 (4) = 0

BX (3) = 10 (4) 3 BX = 40

BX =

40 = 13,33KN 3

BX = 13,33 KN

10

NUDO C
FCB 10 KN FCA 3 5 4 FCA FCB

C
10 KN

FCB FCA 10 = = 5 4 3
Hallar FCB

Hallar FCA

FCB 10 = 5 3 (5)10 = 16,66 KN FCB = 3

FCB = 16,66 kN (Tensin) NUDO A FY = 0 FX = 0 AX - FCA = 0 AX = FCA Pero: FCA = 13,33 kN AX = FCA =13,33 kN FAB = 0
AX

FCA 10 = 4 3 FCA =

(4)10 = 13,33 KN
3

FCA = 13,33 kN (compresin)

AX = 13,33 KN
FAB

=0

BY = 10 KN BX = 13,33 KN

A
FCA

FCB = 16,66 kN (Tensin) FCA = 13,33 kN (compresin) FAB = 0

11

Problema 6.4 ESTATICA BEDFORD edic 5 The members of the truss are all of lenght L. Determine the axial forces in the members and indicate whether they are in tension (T) or compression (C) F B D F B
FBA FBD FBD

D
FBC FCD

C A
AX = 0 L

FBA

A
FAC AY L

FBC FAC

FCD

CY

NUDO D

F D F
FBD
600

F B
FBD FBD

FBD

D
FDC

FCD

FDC (Y)

FDC
AX = 0

A
L AY

FDC

MC = 0

AY (L) F (L/2) = 0

FDC (X)

CY

L/2

AY (L) = F (L/2) AY = F MA = 0

CY (L) F ( L + L/2) = 0

CY (L) - F ( 3/2 L) = 0 CY (L) = F ( 3/2 L) CY = F ( 3/2) CY = 3/2 F

cos 60 =

FDC(X ) FDC

Para abreviar los clculos

FDC (X) = FDC cos 60

sen 60 =

1 FDC(X ) = FDC 2

3 2

cos 60 =

1 2

sen 60 =

FDC(Y ) FDC
12

FDC (Y) = FDC sen 60

3 FDC(Y ) = FDC 2 3 FDC(Y ) = 2 FDC

FY = 0 - F + FDC (Y) = 0 F = FDC (Y) Pero: FDC (Y) = FDC sen 60 F = FDC sen 60 DESPEJANDO FDC

FDC =

1 (F) = 1,154 F sen 60

FX = 0 FY = 0 AY + EY 400 - 800 = 0 AX = 0

FDC = 1,154 F (Compresion) FX = 0 - FBD + FDC (X) = 0 FBD = FDC (X) Pero: FDC (X) = FDC cos 60 FBD = FDC cos 60 Pero: FDC = 1,154 F FBD = (1,154 F) cos 60 FBD = 0,577 F (tensin) NUDO B B
FBD
FBA

F B
FBA FBC FBA FBD FBD

D
FBC

FBA

FBC

FBD
AX = 0

A
L AY

FBC

CY

13

sen 60 =

FBA(Y ) TAB cos 60 = FBA(X ) FBA

FBA (Y) FBD
60
0

FBA (Y) = TBA sen 60

3 FBA(Y ) = FBA 2 3 FBA(Y ) = 2 FBA

FBA (X) = FBA cos 60

600

sen 60 =

FBC(Y ) FBC

1 FBA(X ) = FBA 2 1 FBA(X ) = FBA 2

FBC FBA FBA (X)

FBC (Y)

FBC (X)

FBC (Y) = TBC sen 60

3 FBC(Y ) = FBC 2 3 FBC(Y ) = 2 FBC

FX = 0 FBD - FBC (X) - FBA (X) = 0

cos 60 =

FBC(x ) FBC

FBC (X) = FBC cos 60

1 FBC (X ) = FBC 2

FBD - FBC(X ) - FBA (X ) = 0 FBC(X ) + FBA (X ) = FBD

PERO: FBD = 0,577 F

Para abreviar los clculos

sen 60 =

3 2

cos 60 =

1 2

FBC(X ) + FBA (X ) = 0,577 F 1 1 FBC + FBA = 0,577 F (ECUACIN 1) 2 2

FY = 0 FBC (Y) - FBA (Y) = 0

3 3 FBC 2 2 FBA = 0 (ECUACIN 2)

resolver ecuacin 1 y ecuacin 2

1 1 FBC + FBA = 0,577 F multiplicar por 2 2

[ 3]
14

 3 3 FBC - 2 2 FBA = 0 3 3 FBC + 2 FBA = 3 2 3 3 FBC - 2 FBA = 0 2

( ) (0,577 F)

3 2 2 FBC = F 3 FBC = F

1 FBC = F 3
FBC = 0,577 F (compresin) Reemplazando en la ecuacin 2

3 3 FBC 2 FBA = 0 (ECUACIN 2) 2 3 3 (0,577 F ) 2 FBA = 0 2 3 3 (0,577 F ) = 2 FBA 2

F B
L FBA FBD FBD

Cancelando terminos semejantes

(0,577 F) = FBA

FBA = 0,577 F (tensin) NUDO A

FBA
L

D
FBC FCD

FBA

A
L/2 AY AY FAC L/2 L

FBC FAC

FCD

A
FAC
AY

FBA

CY

FAC

15

FBA FAC = L L2
FBA 2 FAC = L L
Cancelando trminos semejantes FBA = 2 FAC Pero: FBA = 0,577 F

AY = F CY = 3/2 F FDC = 1,154 F (Compresion) FBD = 0,577 F (tensin) FBC = 0,577 F (compresin) FBA = 0,577 F (tensin)

0,577 F = 2 FAC

FAC =

FAC = 0,288 F (Compresin)

0,577 F 2

Problema 6.13 bedford edic 4 La armadura recibe cargas en C y E. Si F = 3 KN, cuales son las fuerzas axiales BC y BE?
1m FDB FEB FCB FCA FDB FDE FEB FDE FEC FGD

AX=0

AY

1m

A FAB
FCA

FAB

1m

D
FGD

1m FCB FEC

G E
6 kN FGE FGE

C
3 kN

GY

MG = 0

6 (1) + 3 (1 +1) - AY (1+1+1) = 0

16

6 (1) + 3 (2) - AY (3) = 0 6 + 6 3 AY = 0 6 + 6 = 3 AY 12 = 3 AY FX = 0 AX = 0

AY =

12 = 4 KN 3

AY = 4 KN MA = 0

- 3 (1) - 6 (1 +1) + GY (1+1+1) = 0

- 3 - 6 (2) + GY (3) = 0 - 3 - 12 + 3 GY = 0 - 15 + 3 GY = 0 3 GY = 15

GY =

15 = 5 KN 3

AX

AY

1m

1m

1m

D
FGD

GY = 5 KN NUDO G
FGD 1m

FGD

G G
FGE FGE

C
3 kN 1

E
6 kN

FGE

FGE

GY

GY
FGD

GY = 5 KN Hallar FGE

Las ecuaciones de equilibrio para la junta G son:

FGD FGE 5 = = 1 1 2
Hallar FGD

FGE 5 = 1 1
FGE = 5 KN (Tensin)

FGD =5 2

17

FGD = 2 (5)
FGD = 7,071 KN (compresin)

NUDO D D
FDB

AX

AY

1m

B
FDB

1m

1m

D
FDB FDE FGD

FDE FDB FGD 1

FGD 1m

FGD FDE

G
1 FDE

C
3 kN

E
6 kN

FGE

FGE

GY

Las ecuaciones de equilibrio para la junta D son:

FGD FDE FDB = = 1 1 2

PERO: FGD = 7,071 KN

Hallar FDB

5 = FDB
FDB = 5 KN (compresion)

F F = DE = DB 1 1 2 5 = FDE = FDB 7,071

Hallar FDE

5 = FDE

AX

AY

1m

1m FDB FEB FDB FDE

1m

D
FGD

FDE = 5 KN (TENSION) NUDO E

FEB FDE 1m

FEB FDE FEC FEC

FGD

G E
6 kN FGE FGE

FEC

C E
6 kN FGE 3 kN

GY

18

sen 45 =

FEB(Y ) FEB

FEB (Y) = FEB sen 45

cos 45 =

FEB(X ) FEB
FEB(X) FEB(Y) FEB 450 FEC

2 FEB(Y ) = FEB 2 2 FEB(Y ) = 2 FEB

FY = 0 FDE - 6 + FEB(Y) = 0 PERO: FDE = 5 kN 5 - 6 + FEB(Y) = 0 - 1 + FEB(Y) = 0 FEB(Y) = 1 KN

FEB (X) = FEB cos 45

FDE = 5 KN

2 FEB(X ) = FEB 2 2 FEB(X ) = 2 FEB

FGE = 5 KN 6 kN

FEB =

FEB(Y ) 1 = = 1,414 kN sen45 sen 45

FEB = 1,414 KN (tension) FEB (X) = FEB cos 45 FEB (X) = (1,414) cos 45 FEB (X) = 1 KN FX = 0 FGE - FEC - FEB (X) = 0 PERO: FGE = 5 kN FEB (X) = 1 KN FGE - FEC - FEB (X) = 0 5 - FEC - 1 = 0 4 - FEC = 0 FEC = 4 KN (tension)

19

NUDO C
FCB FCA

AX=0

AY

1m

A
FCA

1m FDB FEB FDB FDE FEB FDE FEC

1m

D
FGD

FEC

FCB FCA

C
3 kN

1m FCB FEC

FGD

G E
6 kN FGE FGE

FCA(Y ) sen 45 = FCA

FCA (Y) = FCA sen 45

C
3 kN

GY

2 FCA (Y ) = FCA 2 2 FCA (Y ) = 2 FCA

FX = 0 FEC - FAC (X) = 0 FEC = FAC (X) PERO: FEC = 4 kN FAC (X) = 4 kN FCA (X) = FCA cos 45

cos 45 =

FCA(X ) FCA
FCA(Y)

FCA(X) FCA 450

FCB

FCA (X) = FCA cos 45

2 FCA (X ) = FCA 2 2 FCA (X ) = 2 FCA

FEC = 4 KN 3 kN

FY = 0 - FCB - 3 + FCA(Y) = 0 PERO: FCA (Y) = 4 kN - FCB - 3 + 4 = 0 - FCB + 1 = 0 FCB = 1 KN (compresin)

FCA =

FCA (X ) 4 = = 5,656kN cos 45 0,7071 2 FCA 2 2 5,656 = 4 KN 2

FCA = 5,656 KN (tension)

FCA (Y ) = FCA (Y ) =

FCA (Y) = 4 kN

20

NUDO A AX=0 AY = 4 KN AX=0 A

FAB

AY

1m

FAB FCA

FAB

1m FDB FEB FDB FDE FEB FDE FEC

1m

D
FGD

FCB FCA

1m FCB FEC

FGD

FCA

G E
6 kN FGE FGE

C Las ecuaciones de equilibrio para la junta A son:

3 kN

GY

FCA FAB A Y = = 1 1 2
PERO: AY = 4 KN
FCA

FAB 1

FAB A Y = 1 1
FAB = 4 KN (compresin)

AY = 4 KN

Problema 6.14 bedford edic 4 If you don't want the members of the truss to be subjected to an axial load (tension or compression) greater than 20 kn, what is the largest acceptable magnitude of the downward force F?

A
12 m F 12 m

4m

D
3m

C
5m 4m

13 m

tg =

5 = 0,4166 12

= arc tg (0,4166) = 22,610

3m

21

tg =

4 = 1,3333 3

+ = 900 = 90 - = 90 - 53,12 = 36,870

0 0 0

= arc tg (1,3333) = 53,120

+ + = 900 pero: = 36,870 = 22,610 + + = 900 36,87 + 22,61 + = 900 = 900 - 36,87 - 22,61

NUDO A FAB(X) =36,870 FAB(Y) FAB FAC FAC(X)

F

= 30,520

FAC(Y)

sen 36,87 =

FAB(Y ) FAB

FAB (Y) = FAB sen 36,87

cos 36,87 =

FAB(X ) FAB

FAB(Y ) = (0,6 ) FAB

FAB (X) = FAB cos 36,87

sen =

FAC(X ) FAC FAC(X ) sen 30,52 = FAC

FAB(X ) = (0,8) FAB

cos 30,52 =

FAC(Y ) FAC

FAC (Y) = FAC cos 30,52

FAC (X) = FAC sen 30,52

FAC(Y ) = (0,8614 ) FAC

FAC(X ) = (0,507 ) FAC

FX = 0 FAC(X) - FAB (X) = 0 0,507 FAC - 0,8 FAB = 0 ECUACION 1 FY = 0 FAC (Y) - F - FAB (Y) = 0

22

0,8614 FAC - F - 0,6 FAB = 0 ECUACION 2 NUDO C FCB FAC FCB (Y) FCB(X) FAC(X) FAC(Y) FCD C FCB = 53,120 FCD FAC

sen 53,12 =

FCB(Y ) FCB

cos 53,12 =

FCB (Y) = FCB sen 53,12

FCB(X ) FCB

FCB (X) = FCB cos 53,12

FCB(Y ) = (0,7998 ) FCB

FX = 0 FCD - FAC(X) - FCB (X) = 0

FAC(X ) = (0,507 ) FAC FAC(Y ) = (0,8614 ) FAC

FCB(X ) = (0,6 ) FCB

FCD 0,507FAC - 0,6 FCB = 0 ECUACION 3 FY = 0 FCB (Y) - FAC (Y) = 0 0,7998 FCB - 0,8614 FAC = 0 ECUACION 4 NUDO D
DX

A FCD
12 m BY F

FX = 0 DX - FCD = 0 ECUACION 5 0,507 FAC - 0,8 FAB = 0 ECUACION 1 0,8614 FAC - F - 0,6 FAB = 0 ECUACION 2 FCD 0,507FAC - 0,6 FCB = 0 ECUACION 3 0,7998 FCB - 0,8614 FAC = 0 ECUACION 4 DX - FCD = 0 ECUACION 5 DESPEJAMOS F en la ecuacin 2 0,8614 FAC - F - 0,6 FAB = 0 ECUACION 2 0,8614 FAC - 0,6 FAB = F ECUACION 6
BX

FAC

B
FDB 4m FDB DX

FCB FCB C FAC

D FCD FCD
3m

23

Resolver la ecuacin 1 0,507 FAC - 0,8 FAB = 0 0,507 FAC = 0,8 FAB Despejando FAC

0,8 FAC = FAB = 1,577 FAB 0,507 FAC = 1,577 FAB

Reemplazar FAC en la ecuacin 6 0,8614 FAC - 0,6 FAB = F ECUACION 6 0,8614 (1,577 FAB ) - 0,6 FAB = F 1,3592 FAB - 0,6 FAB = F 0,7592 FAB = F Despejando FAB

1 F = 1,317 F 0,7592 FAB = 1,317 F FAB =

Reemplazar FAB en la ecuacin 6 0,8614 FAC - 0,6 FAB = F ECUACION 6 0,8614 FAC - 0,6 (1,317 F) = F 0,8614 FAC - 0,79 F = F 0,8614 FAC = F + 0,79 F 0,8614 FAC = 1,79 F

1,79 F = 2,078 F 0,8614 FAC = 2,078 F FAC =

Reemplazar FAC en la ecuacin 4 0,7998 FCB - 0,8614 FAC = 0 ECUACION 4 0,7998 FCB - 0,8614 (2,078 F) = 0 0,7998 FCB - 1,79 F = 0 0,7998 FCB = 1,79 F FAB = 1,317 F FAC = 2,078 F FCB = 2,238 F FCD = 2,395 F FDB = 0

FCB =

1,79 F = 2,238 F 0,7998

FCB = 2,238 F Reemplazar FAC y FCB en la ecuacin 3

24

FCD 0,507FAC - 0,6 FCB = 0 ECUACION 3 FCD 0,507 (2,078 F ) - 0,6 (2,238 F) = 0 FCD 1,053 F FCD = 1,053 F FCD = 2,395 F LA ESTRUCTURA MAS CRITICA ES FCD 2,395 F = 20 - 1,342 F = 0 + 1,342 F

F=

20 = 8,35 KN 2,395

F = 8,35 KN Problema 6.1 beer edic 6 Por el mtodo de los nudos, halla la fuerza en todas las barras de la armadura representada indicar en cada caso si es traccin o compresin.
A A

4m

1,92 N

1,92 N

B 3m

B BY

C CY

4,5 m A

MB = 0

1,92 ( 3) - CY (4,5) = 0
4m 1,92 N

la reaccin en B? FY = 0 BY 1,92 - CY = 0
B BY 3m 4,5 m C CY

5,76 - CY (4,5 ) = 0 CY (4,5 ) = 5,76 5,76 CY = = 1,28 N 4,5 CY = 1,28 N

BY 1,92 1,28 = 0 BY = 3,2 Newton

25

Nudo B
FAB FAB
B BY BY = 3,2 N 4 5 3 B B BY

FBC

FBC

FAB FBC 3,2 = = 5 3 4

Hallar FAB FAB 3,2 = 4 5

Hallar FBC FBC 3,2 = 3 4 (3) 3,2 = 9,6 = 2,4 N FBC = 4 4 FBc = 2,4 Newton (compresin)

4 4 FAB = 4 Newton(compresin)
Nudo C
C 8,5 4 7,5 C CY CY 4 8,5 7,5

FAB =

(5) 3,2 = 16 = 4 N

FCA (Y)

FCA
C x

FCA (X) FCA

FBC

7,5 cos = 8,5 FCA (X) = cos (FCA)

sen =

4 8,5

FX = 0 FBC FCA (X) = 0

FCA (Y) = sen (FCA)

FCA (X ) =

7,5 FCA 8,5

FCA (Y ) =

4 FCA 8,5

FBC FBC =

7,5 FCA = 0 8,5

7,5 FCA 8,5 7,5 2,4 = FCA 8,5 (2,4) 8,5 = 20,4 = 2,72 Newton FCA = 7,5 7,5 FCA = 2,72 Newton (traccin)

26

Problema 6.2 beer edic 6 Por el mtodo de los nudos, halla la fuerza en todas las barras de la armadura representada indicar en cada caso si es traccin o compresin.
A 0,75 m AY AX 0,4 m B 1,4 m 2,8 KN 1,4 m 0,75 m

FAB
A

FAC

tensin FAB FCB

0,4 m B

tensin
2,8 KN

compresin FAC
C CX C

FCB

FY= 0 AY 2,8 = 0 AY = 2,8 KNewton

MA = 0

CX ( 1,4) - 2,8 (0,75) = 0

CX ( 1,4) = 2,8 (0,75) 1,4 CX = 2,1 2,1 CX = = 1,5 N 1,4 CX = 1,5 KNewton MC = 0

- AX ( 1,4) - 2,8 (0,75) = 0

AY AX A B 1,4 m 2,8 N 0,75 m

- AX ( 1,4) = 2,8 (0,75) -1,4 AX = 2,1 2,1 AX = = - 1,5 N 1,4 AX = - 1,5 KNewton (significa que la fuerza AX esta direccionada hacia la izquierda) MC = 0

0,4 m

AX ( 1,4) - 2,8 (0,75) = 0

CX C

AX ( 1,4) = 2,8 (0,75) 1,4 AX = 2,1 2,1 AX = = 1,5 N 1,4

27

AX = 1,5 KNewton Nudo A

AY AY AX AX A A A 0,4 0,85 0,75 0,85 0,75

FAB

FAB (Y) FAB

0,4

FAB

FAC

FAB (X)

FAC
AY AX A

0,75 cos = 0,85 FAB (X) = cos (FAB) FAB (X ) =

FX = 0 - AX + FAB (X) = 0 0,75 - AX + FAB = 0 0,85 0,75 AX = FAB 0,85

FAB FAC

sen =

0,4 0,85

0,75 FAB 0,85

FAB (Y) = sen (FAB)

FAB (Y ) =

0,4 FAB 0,85

AX

FY= 0 AY FAC FAB (Y) = 0 0,4 A Y - FAC FAB = 0 0,85 0,4 (1,7 ) = 0 2,8 - FAC 0,85 2,8 0,8 = FAC FAC = 2 KNewton (Traccin)

0,85 FAC AX 0,75 0,85 (1,5) FAB = FAB 0,75 FAB = 1,7 KNewton (traccin) FAB =
Nudo C
FAC FCB

AY

sen =

1 1,25

cos =

0,75 1,25
FCB

1,25 0,75

CX CX C

FCB (Y) = sen (FCB)

FCB (X) = sen (FCB)

FCB (Y)

FAC
C

FCB

1 FCB (Y ) = FCB 1,25

F 0,75 CB(X ) = 1,25 FCB

FCB (X)

28

 FX = 0 CX - FCB (X) = 0 CX = FCB (X)

AY AX A

0,75 m

0,4 m

0,75 FCB 1,25 FAC 1,25 FCB FCB = CX 0,75 C CX CX = 1,5 KNewton 1,25 (1,5) = 2,5 KN FCB = 0,75 FCB = 2,5 KNewton (compresin) CX =

B 1,4 m 1m 0,75

2,8 N

FAC

FCB
CX C

Problema 6.3 beer edic 6 Por el mtodo de los nudos, halla la fuerza en todas las barras de la armadura representada indicar en cada caso si es traccin o compresin. FX = 0 BX = 0 MB = 0
945 lb

CY ( 12 + 3,75) - 945 (12) = 0

9 pies B

CY (15,75) - 945 (12) = 0 CY (15,75) = 945 (12) 15,75 CY = 11340

C

11340 CY = = 720 lb 15,75 CY = 720 lb

MC = 0

945 lb

12 pies

3,75 pies

FBA

FCA

945 lb

945 (3,75) - BY ( 12+ 3,75) = 0

BX BY B

945 (3,75) = BY ( 15,75) 3543,75 = 15,75 BY

FBA FBC FBC

FCA
C CY

9 pies

3543,75 = 225 lb 15,75 BY = 225 lb. BY =

BX BY

B
12 pies

C CY 3,75 pies

29

NUDO B
sen = 9 15 cos = 12 15
FBA
BX

FBA
BY

FBA (X) = sen (FBA)

FBA (Y) = sen (FBA) B

BY

FBC FBC

F 9 BA(X ) = FBA 15

F 12 BA(Y ) = FBA 15

BX

FBA FBC B Y = = 15 12 9 FBA FBC 225 = = 15 12 9

Hallar FBA FBA 225 = 15 9 (15) 225 = 375 lb. FBA = 9 FBA = 375 lb. (compresin)

Hallar FBC FBC 225 = 12 9

FBC =

(12) 225 = 300 lb.

9

FBC = 300 lb. (traccin)

Nudo C
FCA FCA (X)
3,75 9,75 9

FBC

C
FBC
CY

FCA (Y) FBC

FCA

CY

FCA

FCA

C
CY

FCA FBC C Y = = 9,75 3,75 9 FCA FBC = 9,75 3,75

Hallar FCA (9,75)300 = 780 lb FCA = 3,75 FCA = 780 lb. (compresin)

CY = 720 lb BY = 225 lb. FBA = 375 lb. (compresin) FBC = 300 lb. (traccin) FCA = 780 lb. (compresin)

30

Problema 6.4 beer edic 6 Por el mtodo de los nudos, halla la fuerza en todas las barras de la armadura representada indicar en cada caso si es traccin o compresin.
10,8 Kips 10,8 Kips 35 pies

22,5 pies

C
12 pies

B D FX = 0 AX = 0 MA = 0

D (22,5) - 10,8 (22,5) -10,8 (22,5 + 35) = 0 A FAB

FAD
AY

10,8 Kips

10,8 Kips

D (22,5) - 10,8 (22,5) -10,8 (57,5) = 0 22,5 D - 243 - 621 = 0 22,5 D = 864

B
FAB

FBC FBD

FBC

864 = 38,4 Kips 22,5 D = 38,4 Kips D=

MC = 0

D
D 10,8 Kips

10,8 Kips 35 pies

AY (22,5 + 35) + 10,8 (35) D (35) = 0

AX

A
AY

22,5 pies

C
12 pies

AY (57,5) + 10,8 (35) (38,4) (35) = 0 57,5 AY + 378 1344 = 0 57,5 AY = 966 966 AY = = 16,8 Kips 57,5 AY = 16,8 Kips

B D
D

Nudo A A
AY

FAB FAD
AY 12

A FAB
25,5 22,5

FAD
AY

FAD

FAD(Y)

12

25,5 22,5

FAD

FAB

FAD(X)

31

FAD FAB A Y = = 25,5 22,5 12

AY = 16,8 Kips FAD FAB 16,8 = = 25,5 22,5 12 Hallar FAB FAB 16,8 = 22,5 12 (22,5)16,8 = 31,5 Kips FAB = 12 FAB = 35,7 Kips (tensin) Nudo B
10,8 Kips

Hallar FAD FAD 16,8 = 25,5 12 (25,5)16,8 = 35,7 Kips FAD = 12 FAD = 35,7 Kips (compresin)

FAB FBC
10,8 Kips

10,8 Kips

FAB

FBD FBC

B
FAB

FBC FBD

FBD

FX = 0 FBC FAB = 0 FAB = 35,7 Kips FBC = FAB FBC = 35,7 Kips (tensin)

FY = 0 FBD 10,8 = 0 FBD = 10,8 Kips (compresin)

Nudo C
10,8 Kips 10,8 Kips 37 35

FBC FCD

FCD

12

10,8 Kips

FBC FCD

FBC

FCD FBC 10,8 = = 37 35 12

32

AX = 0 D = 38,4 Kips AY = 16,8 Kips Hallar FCD FCD 10,8 = 37 12 (37 )10,8 = 33,3 Kips FCD = 12 FCD = 33,3 Kips (compresin) FAB = 35,7 Kips (tensin) FAD = 35,7 Kips (compresin) FBC = 35,7 Kips (tensin) FBD = 10,8 Kips (compresin) FCD = 33,3 Kips (compresin)

Problema 6.1 Esttica Hibbeler edic 10 Determine la fuerza en cada miembro de la armadura y establezca si los miembros estn en tensin o en compresin. Considere P1 = 800 lb. y P2 = 400 lb.
AY 6 pies 8 pies

A
AX

TCA TCA TBA TBC

CY 8 pies

tensin

tensin

TBA
P2 = 400 lb

TBC

MA = 0

P1 = 800 lb

- 400 (8) - 800 (6) + CY (6 + 8) = 0

- 400 (8) - 800 (6) + CY (14) = 0 - 3200 - 4800 + CY (14) = 0 - 8000 + CY (14) = 0 CY (14) = 8000 FX = 0 AX 400 = 0 AX = 400 lb.

CY =

8000 = 571,42 lb 14

CY = 571,42 lb

33

 MC = 0

- AY (6 + 8) - 400 (8) + 800 (8) = 0

- AY (14) - 400 (8) + 800 (8) = 0 - 14 AY - 3200 = 0 14 AY = 3200

AY =

3200 = 228,57 lb 14

AY = 228,57 lb NUDO B
TBC TBA
P2 = 400 lb

TBC TBA

TBA (X) 8 10 T 6 BA

TBC

8 2

B
P2 = 400 lb

TBA (Y)

8 TBC (X)

TBC (Y)

P2 = 400 lb

P1 = 800 lb P1 = 800 lb P1 = 800 lb

sen = cos =

8 4 = 10 5 6 3 = 10 5

sen =

8 8 2

2 2

cos =

8 8 2

2 2 sen = TBC(Y ) TBC(Y )= sen (TBC ) TBC

sen =

TBA(Y ) TBA(Y )= sen (TBA ) TBA

4 TBA(Y )= (TBA ) 5
cos = TBA(X ) TBA(X )= cos (TBA ) TBA

2 TBC(Y )= 2 (TBC ) TBC(X ) TBC(X )= cos (TBC ) cos = TBC 2 TBC(X )= 2 (TBC )

3 TBA(X )= (TBA ) 5

34

 FX = 0 - 400 + TBC (X) - TBA (X) = 0 TBC (X) - TBA (X) = 400

2 (TBC ) - 3 TBA = 400 (Ecuacin 1) 2 5

FY = 0 - 800 + TBC (Y) + TBA (Y) = 0 TBC (Y) + TBA (Y) = 800

2 (TBC ) + 4 TBA = 800 (Ecuacin 2) 2 5

resolver ecuacin 1 y ecuacin 2

2 (TBC ) - 3 TBA = 400 ( -1) 2 5 2 (TBC ) + 4 TBA = 800 2 5 2 (TBC ) + 3 TBA = - 400 2 5 2 (TBC ) + 4 TBA = 800 2 5

Reemplazando en la ecuacin 1

2 (TBC ) - 3 TBA = 400 (Ecuacin 1) 2 5 2 (TBC ) - 3 (285,71) = 400 2 5 2 (TBC ) - 171,42 = 400 2 2 (TBC ) = 571,42 2 2 TBC = 571,42 2
TBC = 808,12 lb. (Tensin)

7 TBA = 400 5 (400)5 TBA = 7

TBA = 285,71 lb. (Tensin) NUDO C
TCA

TBC

8 2
TBC
CY

8 TCA

CY

35

Las ecuaciones de equilibrio para el nudo C son:

TCA TBC C Y = = 8 8 8 2
Hallar TCA

TCA TBC = 8 8 2
Pero: TBC = 808,12 lb.

TCA 808,12 = 8 8 2 TCA = 808,12 = 571,42 lb 2

TCA = 571,42 lb (Compresin) Problema 6.2 Esttica Hibbeler edic 10 Determine la fuerza en cada miembro de la armadura y establezca si los miembros estn en tensin o en compresin. Considere P1 = 500 lb. y P2 = 100 lb.
AY 6 pies 8 pies

A
AX

TCA TCA TBA TBC

CY 8 pies

tensin

tensin

TBA
P2 = 100 lb

TBC

MA = 0

P1 = 500 lb

- 100 (8) - 500 (6) + CY (6 + 8) = 0

FX = 0 AX 400 = 0 AX = 400 lb.

- 100 (8) - 500 (6) + CY (14) = 0 - 800 - 3000 + CY (14) = 0 - 3800 + CY (14) = 0 CY (14) = 3800

36

CY =

3800 = 271,42 lb 14

CY = 271,42 lb MC = 0

- AY (6 + 8) - 100 (8) + 500 (8) = 0

- AY (14) - 100 (8) + 500 (8) = 0 - AY (14) - 800 + 4000 = 0 - 14 AY + 3200 = 0 14 AY = 3200

AY =

3200 = 228,57 lb 14

AY = 228,57 lb NUDO B
TBC TBA
P2 = 100 lb

TBC TBA

TBA (X) 8 10 T 6 BA

TBC

8 2

B
P2 = 100 lb

TBA (Y)

8 TBC (X)

TBC (Y)

P2 = 400 lb 100

P1 = 500 lb P1 = 500 lb P1 = 800 lb 500

sen = cos =

8 4 = 10 5 6 3 = 10 5

sen =

8 8 2 8 8 2

2 2 2 2

cos =

TBA(Y ) TBA(Y )= sen (TBA ) sen = TBA

4 TBA(Y )= (TBA ) 5
cos = TBA(X ) TBA(X )= cos (TBA ) TBA

37

 3 TBA(X )= (TBA ) 5
FX = 0 - 100 + TBC (X) - TBA (X) = 0 TBC (X) - TBA (X) = 100

sen =

TBC(Y ) TBC(Y )= sen (TBC ) TBC

2 (TBC ) - 3 TBA = 100 (Ecuacin 1) 2 5

FY = 0 - 500 + TBC (Y) + TBA (Y) = 0 TBC (Y) + TBA (Y) = 500

2 TBC(Y )= 2 (TBC ) cos = TBC(X ) TBC(X )= cos (TBC ) TBC

2 TBC(X )= 2 (TBC )

2 (TBC ) + 4 TBA = 500 (Ecuacin 2) 5 2

resolver ecuacin 1 y ecuacin 2

2 (TBC ) - 3 TBA = 100 ( -1) 5 2 2 (TBC ) + 4 TBA = 500 5 2 2 (TBC ) + 3 TBA = - 100 2 5 2 (TBC ) + 4 TBA = 500 2 5

Reemplazando en la ecuacin 1

2 (TBC ) - 3 TBA = 100 (Ecuacin 1) 5 2 2 (TBC ) - 3 (285,71) = 100 5 2 2 (TBC ) - 171,42 = 100 2 2 (TBC ) = 271,42 2 2 TBC = 271,42 2
TBC = 383,84 lb. (Tensin)

7 TBA = 400 5 (400)5 TBA = 7

TBA = 285,71 lb. (Tensin)

38

NUDO C
TBC TCA

8 2

TBC

CY

8 TCA

CY

Las ecuaciones de equilibrio para el nudo C son:

TCA TBC C Y = = 8 8 8 2
Hallar TCA TBA = 285,71 lb. (Tensin) TBC = 383,84 lb. (Tensin) TCA = 271,42 lb (Compresin)

TCA TBC = 8 8 2
Pero: TBC = 383,84 lb.

TCA 383,84 = 8 8 2 TCA = 383,84 = 271,42 lb 2

TCA = 271,42 lb (Compresin) Problema 6.3 Esttica Hibbeler edic 10 La armadura, usada para soportar un balcn, esta sometida a la carga mostrada. Aproxime cada nudo como un pasador y determine la fuerza en cada miembro. Establezca si los miembros estn en tensin o en compresin. Considere P1 = 600 lb P2 = 400 lb.
P1 = 600 lb P2 = 400 lb

FAB FAD FAB

B FBC
FBD

FBC

C CY
CX FDC

4 pies FBD FAD FDC

E
FED

EX EY = 0

D FED
4 pies 4 pies

MC = 0

P1 (4 + 4) + P2 (4) EX (4) = 0

39

600 (4 + 4) + 400 (4) EX (4) = 0 600 (8) + 400 (4) 4 EX = 0 4800 + 1600 4 EX = 0 6400 4 EX = 0 4 EX = 6400
4 pies FBD FAD FDC P1 = 600 lb P2 = 400 lb

FAB FAD FAB

B FBC
FBD

FBC

C CY
CX FDC

EX =

6400 = 1600 lb 4
4 pies

E
FED

EX = 1600 lb NUDO A Las ecuaciones de equilibrio para el nudo A son:

P1 = 600 lb

EX EY = 0

D FED
4 pies

FAB FAB FAD 4

FAB FAD 600 = = 4 4 4 2

Cancelar trminos semejantes

4 2

4 FAD

P1 = 600 lb

F FAB = AD = 600 2
Hallar FAB

Hallar FAD

FAD = 600 2 FAD =

FAB = 600 lb

( 2 ) 600 = 848,52 lb
P2 = 400 lb

FAB = 600 lb (Tension) NUDO E E

FED EX EY = 0

FAD = 848,52 lb (compresin)

P1 = 600 lb

FAB FAD FAB

B FBC
FBD

FBC

C CY
CX FDC

FX = 0 FED - EX = 0 FED = EX

4 pies FBD FAD FDC

E
FED

EX EY = 0

PERO: EX = 1600 lb
FED = 1600 lb (compresin) FY = 0
4 pies

D FED
4 pies

40

EY = 0 NUDO B
P2 = 400 lb FAB P1 = 600 lb P2 = 400 lb

B FBC
FAB FBD P2 = 400 lb FBC FBD

FAB FAD FAB

B FBC
FBD

FBC

C CY
CX FDC

4 pies FBD FAD FDC

FX = 0 FBC - FAB = 0 FBC = FAB

4 pies

E
FED

EX EY = 0

D FED
4 pies

PERO: FAB = 600 lb (Tensin)

FBC = 600 lb (Tensin) FY = 0 FBD - 400 = 0 FBD = 400 lb (compresin) FY = 0 CY - 600 - 400 = 0 CY - 1000 = 0 CY = 1000 lb. FX = 0 CX - EX = 0 CX = EX

PERO: EX = 1600 lb
CX = 1600 lb

P1 = 600 lb

P2 = 400 lb

A NUDO C
FBC

FAB FAD FAB

B FBC
FBD

FBC

C CY
CX FDC

FBC

C
FDC

CY CX

4 pies FDC

FDC (Y)
CX

CY FAD

FBD FDC

E
FED

EX EY = 0

D FED
4 pies 4 pies

FY = 0 CY FDC(Y) = 0

41

CY = FDC(Y)

PERO: CY = 1000 lb.

FDC(Y) = 1000 lb

1 sen = = = 0,7071 4 2 2 sen = FDC(Y ) FDC FDC(Y ) sen 1000 = 1414,22 lb 0,7071

FDC

4 2
4

FDC (Y)

FDC (X)

FDC = FDC =

FDC = 1414,22 lb (tensin) EX = 1600 lb EY = 0 CX = 1600 lb CY = 1000 lb.

FBD = 400 lb (compresin) FBC = 600 lb (Tensin) FAB = 600 lb (Tensin) FED = 1600 lb (compresin) FAD = 848,52 lb (compresin) FDC = 1414,22 lb (tensin)

42

Problema 6.4 Esttica Hibbeler edic 10 La armadura, usada para soportar un balcn, esta sometida a la carga mostrada. Aproxime cada nudo como un pasador y determine la fuerza en cada miembro. Establezca si los miembros estn en tensin o en compresin. Considere P1 = 800 lb P2 = 0 lb.
P1 = 800 lb FUERZA CERO

FAB FAD FAB

B FBC
FBD = 0 FBD = 0 FDC

FBC

C CY
CX FDC

4 pies

FAD

E
FED

EX EY = 0

D FED
4 pies 4 pies

MC = 0

P1 (4 + 4) EX (4) = 0

800 (4 + 4) EX (4) = 0 800 (8) 4 EX = 0 6400 4 EX = 0 4 EX = 6400

EX =

6400 = 1600 lb 4

P1 = 800 lb

EX = 1600 lb NUDO A
FAB P1 = 800 lb 4 FAB FAD

FAB FAD FAB

B FBC
FBD = 0 FBD = 0 FDC

FBC

C CY
CX FDC

4 pies 4 FAD P1 = 800 lb FAD

4 2

E
FED

EX EY = 0

D FED
4 pies 4 pies

Las ecuaciones de equilibrio para el nudo A son:

FAB FAD 800 = = 4 4 4 2

Cancelar trminos semejantes

43

F FAB = AD = 800 2
Hallar FAB

Hallar FAD

FAB = 800 lb

FAD = 800 2 FAD = 2 800 = 1131,37 lb

( )

FAB = 800 lb (Tensin) NUDO E FX = 0 FED - EX = 0 FED = EX E

FED

FAD = 1131,37 lb (compresin)

P1 = 800 lb

EX EY = 0

FAB FAD FAB

B FBC
FBD = 0 FBD = 0 FDC

FBC

C CY
CX FDC

PERO: EX = 1600 lb
FED = 1600 lb (compresin)

4 pies

FAD

E
FED

EX EY = 0

FY = 0 EY = 0

D FED
4 pies 4 pies

NUDO B FUERZA CERO Si tres miembros forman un nudo de armadura en el cual dos de los miembros son colineales, el tercer miembro es un miembro de fuerza cero siempre que ninguna fuerza exterior o reaccin de soporte este aplicada al nudo. FX = 0 FBC - FAB = 0 FBC = FAB B FBC
FAB FBD P1 = 800 lb FUERZA CERO

FAB FAD FAB

B FBC
FBD = 0 FBD = 0 FDC

FBC

C CY
CX FDC

Pero: FAB = 800 lb (Tensin)

FBC = 800 lb (Tensin) FY = 0 FBD = 0

4 pies

FAD

E
FED

EX EY = 0

D FED
4 pies 4 pies

44

 FY = 0 CY - 800 = 0 CY = 800 lb.

FX = 0 CX = EX

CX - EX = 0

PERO: EX = 1600 lb
CX = 1600 lb
FBC FDC FBC

FDC

4 2
4 CY

FDC (Y)

NUDO C FY = 0 CY FDC(Y) = 0 CY = FDC(Y)

FDC

FDC (Y)
CX

FDC (X)

C CY
CX P1 = 800 lb

PERO: CY = 800 lb.

FDC(Y) = 800 lb

FAB FAD FAB

B FBC
FBD = 0 FBD = 0 FDC

FBC

C CY
CX FDC

4 2 FDC(Y ) sen = FDC FDC = FDC = FDC(Y ) sen

sen =

1 = 0,7071 2

4 pies

FAD

E
FED

EX EY = 0

D FED
4 pies 4 pies

FBD = 0 lb FBC = 800 lb (Tensin) FAB = 800 lb (Tensin) FED = 1600 lb (compresin) FAD = 1131,37 lb (compresin) FDC = 1131,38 lb (tensin)

800 = 1131,38 lb 0,7071

FDC = 1131,38 lb (tensin) EX = 1600 lb CX = 1600 lb CY = 800 lb. EY = 0

45

Problema c-34 esttica Hibbeler edic 10 Determine la fuerza en cada miembro de la armadura. Establezca si los miembros estn en tensin o en compresin.
BY FUERZA CERO

FCB

BX

FCB

FAB
3 pies

C
FDC FDC FCA FCA FAB

FDA
2 pies 2 pies

FDA A AX

300 lb

NUDO D

FDC FDC
5 3 4

300 lb

FDC 300 FDA = = 5 3 4

FDC F = 100 = DA 5 4
Hallar FDA

FDA

300 lb

FDA

FDA = 100 4
FDA = (4) 100 = 400 lb (compresin)

Hallar FCD

FDC = 100 5
FDC = (5) 100 = 500 lb (Tensin)

FUERZA CERO Si tres miembros forman un nudo de armadura en el cual dos de los miembros son colineales, el tercer miembro es un miembro de fuerza cero siempre que ninguna fuerza exterior o reaccin de soporte este aplicada al nudo.
FUERZA CERO

FCA = 0 FDC = FCB Pero: FDC = 500 lb FCB = 500 lb (Tensin)

FDC

FCB

C
FCA = 0

46

NUDO A
FCA = 0 FAB = 0 FCA = 0 FAB = 0 FCB

BY

FCB

BX

FDA A AX

FDA

AX

C
FDC FDC

3 pies

FX = 0 FDA - AX = 0 FY = 0 FAB = 0

FCA = 0 FAB = 0 FCB = 500 lb (Tensin)

FDA
2 pies 2 pies

FDA A AX

(compresin)

FDA = (4) 100 = 400 lb

300 lb

FDC = (5) 100 = 500 lb (Tensin) Problema C-35 esttica Hibbeler edic 10 Determine la fuerza en los miembros AE y DC. Establezca si los miembros estn en tensin o en E compresin. D F
FAB 3 pies FAF = 0

=0

FAE

FCD

A
AX = 0 AY

FAE FAB 4 pies 800 lb FAB

FCB = 0

FCD

B FCB = 0
4 pies

C
CY

FY = 0 AY 800 + CY = 0 Pero: CY = 400 lb AY 800 + 400 = 0 AY 400 = 0 MA = 0 AY = 400 lb

- 800 (4 ) + CY (4 + 4) = 0

47

- 3200 + CY (8) = 0 CY (8) = 3200

CY =

3200 = 400 lb 8
FCB = 0 FCD

CY = 400 lb FX = 0 AX = 0 NUDO C FY = 0 CY FCD = 0 Pero: CY = 400 lb CY = FCD

3 pies FAF = 0

C
CY

E F
FAB

D
FCD

=0

FAE

FAE FAB 4 pies 800 lb FAB

FCB = 0

FCD

FCD = 400 lb (compresin) A = 0 X FX = 0 FCB = 0

AY

FCB = 0 4 pies

C
CY

NUDO A
FAF = 0 FAE FAB 5 4

FAE 3 AY

A
AX = 0 AY

FAB

F
FAB 3 pies FAF = 0

D
FCD

=0

FAE A Y FAB = = 5 3 4
Pero: AY = 400 lb

FAE

FAE FAB 4 pies 800 lb FAB

FAE 400 FAB = = 5 3 4

FCB = 0

FCD

AX = 0 AY

B FCB = 0
4 pies

C
CY

48

Hallar FAE

FAE 400 = 5 3

Hallar FCD

F AE =

400(5) 3

FAB 400 = 4 3
FAB = 533,33 lb (Tensin)

FAE = 666,66 lb (compresin) Problema 6.8 esttica Hibbeler edic 10 Determine la fuerza en cada miembro de la armadura y establezca si los miembros estn a tensin o en compresin. Considere P1 = 2 KN y P2 = 1,5 kN.
AY

A
AX FBA FBA

Y = 3,464
FBE

B
FBE FDB FCB

ME = 0

EX

E
CY FDE
3m

FDB FDE

Y1DB 1,732 F =
D
FCD

FCB
300

- 2 (3) 1,5 (3 + 3) + AX (3,464) = 0

FCD
3m 1,5 KN

- 6 1,5 (6) + 3,464 AX = 0 - 6 9 + 3,464 AX = 0 - 15 + 3,464 AX = 0 3,464 AX = 15

2 KN

tg 30 =

Y 6

AX =

15 = 4,33 kN 3,464

Y = 6 tg 30 = 6 (0,5773) = 3,464 m

AX = 500 N

Y tg 30 = 1 3
Y1 = 3 tg 30 = 3 (0,5773) = 1,732 m

49

NUDO C
FCB
300

AY

A
AX

FCD
1,5 KN

B
FCB FDB
3,464 3m

FCB
1,5 KN

Y1 = 1,732
FCD

EX

E
CY FDE FDE

FDB

FCB
300

D
2 KN

FCD

FCD
1,5 KN

Las ecuaciones de equilibrio para la junta C son:

FCB F 1,5 = = CD 3 3,464 1,732

Hallar FCB

Hallar FCD

F 1,5 = CD 3 1,732 FCD =

AY

FCB 1,5 = 3,464 1,732 FCB = 1,5 (3,464 ) = 3 kN 1,732

1,5 (3) = 2,598 kN 1,732

FCD = 2,598 kN (compresin) A

FCB = 3 kN (tensin) NUDO D

FDB FDB FDE

AX

FDE
2 KN

B
FCB FDB FDB FDE FDE FCB
30
0

D
2 KN

FCD

FCD EX

E
CY

FY = 0 FX = 0 FDE - FCD = 0 FDE = FCD FDB - 2 = 0 FDB = 2 kN (tensin)

D
2 KN

FCD

FCD
1,5 KN

50

Pero: FCD = 2,598 kN (compresin) FDE = 2,598 kN (compresin) NUDO B

AY FBA

B
FCB

A
AX FBA FBA FDB FBE FDB FBA(X) EX FBE

FBE

B
FCB

E
CY FDE FDE

FDB

FCB
30
0

FBA(Y)

FBA
300 300

D
2 KN

FCD

FCD
1,5 KN

30

FBE(Y)

FBE FBE(X)

FCB FCB(X) FDB

FCB(Y)

Para abreviar los clculos

sen 30 =

3 2

sen 60 =

1 2

FBA(Y ) sen 30 = FBA

FBA (Y) = FBA sen 30

cos 30 =

1 FBA(Y ) = FBA 2

FBA(X ) FBA

FBA (X) = FBA cos 30

cos 30 =

FBE(Y ) sen 30 = FBE

FBE (Y) = FBE sen 30

3 FBA(X ) = FBA 2

FCB(X ) FCB

FCB (X) = FCB cos 30

cos 30 =

1 FBE(Y ) = FBE 2

FBE(X ) FBE

3 FCB(X ) = FCB 2

FBE (X) = FBE cos 30

sen 30 =

FCB(Y ) FCB

3 FBE(X ) = FBE 2

FCB (Y) = FCB sen 30

1 FCB(Y ) = FCB 2
51

 FY = 0 FBA (Y) + FBE (Y) - FCB (Y) - FDB = 0

1 1 1 FBA + FBE - FCB - FDB = 0 2 2 2

Pero: FDB = 2 kN (tensin) FCB = 3 kN (tensin)

1 1 FBA + FBE 2 2 1 1 FBA + FBE 2 2 1 1 FBA + FBE 2 2

1 - (3) - 2 = 0 2 1 = (3) + 2 2 = 1,5 + 2 = 3,5

0,5 FBA + 0,5 FBE = 3,5 dividiendo por 0,5 (para simplificar) FBA + FBE = 7 (Ecuacin 1) FX = 0 - FBA (X) + FBE (X) + FCB (X) = 0

3 3 3 FBE + FBA + - 2 FCB = 0 2 2

- FBA + FBE + FCB = 0 Pero: FCB = 3 kN (tensin) - FBA + FBE + 3 = 0 - FBA + FBE = - 3 (- 1) FBA - FBE = 3 (Ecuacin 2)

Resolver la ecuacin 1 y 2 FBA + FBE = 7 (Ecuacin 1) FBA - FBE = 3 (Ecuacin 2)

52

2 FBA = 10

FBA =

10 = 5 kN 2
AX = 500 N FCB = 3 kN (tensin)

FBA = 5 kN (tensin) Reemplazando en la ecuacin 1 FBA + FBE = 7 (Ecuacin 1) Pero: FBA = 5 kN (tensin) 5 + FBE = 7 FBE = 7 - 5 FBE = 2 kN (compresin)

FCD = 2,598 kN (compresin) FDE = 2,598 kN (compresin) FDB = 2 kN (tensin) FBA = 5 kN (tensin) FBE = 2 kN (compresin)

PROBLEMA RESUELTO ESTATICA MERIAM Edic 3. Calcular, por el mtodo de los nudos, la fuerza en los miembros del entramado en voladizo B
FBD
5m

5m

D
FBD

FAB FAB

FBC

5m

FBC

FCD

FAC
5m

FAC

FCE
5m

E
5m 600 600

TX

30 kN

20 kN

T 600

300

TY 5m

A C
5m 30 kN 20 kN 5m

EX

E
EY

53

 ME = 0

- T (5) + 30 (5 + 5) + 20 (5) = 0

- 5 T + 30 (10) + 20 (5) = 0 - 5 T + 300 + 100 = 0 - 5 T + 400 = 0 5 T = 400

T=

400 = 80 N 5

T = 80 N

T cos 30 = X T
TX = T cos 30 Pero: T = 80 N TX = 80 (0,866) TX = 69,28 N FY = 0 TY + EY - 30 - 20 = 0 TY + EY - 50 = 0 Pero: TY = 40 N 40 + EY - 50 = 0 EY - 10 = 0 EY = 10 KN

T sen 30 = Y T
TY = T sen 30 Pero: T = 80 N TY = 80 (0,5) TY = 40 N FX = 0 TX - EX = 0 Pero: TX = 69,28 N TX = EX EX = 69,28 N

54

A continuacin, dibujamos los diagramas de slido libre que muestren las fuerzas actuantes en cada nudo. La exactitud de los sentidos asignados a las fuerzas se comprueba al considerar cada nudo en el orden asignado. No debe haber dudas acerca de la exactitud del sentido asignado a las fuerzas actuantes en el nudo A. El equilibrio exige NUDO A

FAB 30 FAC = = 5 4,33 2,5

Hallar FAB A

FAB FAB FAC 5

30 kN

4,33 2,5

Se halla FAC

FAB 30 = 4,33 5 FAB =

30 kN

FAC

4,33 FAB = 34,64 kN (tensin)

NUDO B B
FBD FBC (Y) FAB FBC 600 FBC (X) FBC

(30) 5 = 34,64 KN

30 FAC = 4,33 2,5 (30) 2,5 = 17,32 KN FAC = 4,33

FAC = 17,32 kN (compresion)
FBD

FAB (Y) FAB 600 FAB (X)

sen 60 =

FBC(Y ) FBC

Para abreviar los clculos

FBC(Y) = FBC sen 60

sen 60 =

3 FBC(Y ) = FBC 2 3 FBC(Y ) = 2 FBC sen 60 = FAB(Y ) FAB

3 1 cos 60 = 2 2

cos 60 =

FBC(X ) FBC

cos 60 =

FAB(X ) FAB

FBC(X) = FBC cos 60

FAB(X) = FAB cos 60

FAB(Y) = FAB sen 60

1 FAB(x ) = FAB 2 1 FAB(x ) = FAB 2

1 FBC(x ) = FBC 2 1 FBC(x ) = FBC 2

55

 3 FAB(Y ) = FAB 2 3 FAB(Y ) = 2 FAB

FY = 0 FBC(Y) - FAB(Y) = 0 FBC(Y) = FAB(Y)

3 3 FBC = 2 2 FAB
FBC = FAB

PERO: FAB = 34,64 kN

FBC = 34,64 kN (compresin)

1 FAB(x ) = FAB 2 PERO: FAB = 34,64 kN 1 FAB(x ) = (34,64) = 17,32 KN 2 FAB(x) = 17,32 KN
FX = 0 - FAB(x) - FBC(x) + FBD = 0

3 FBC(x ) = 2 FBC PERO: FBC = 34,64 kN 1 FBC(x ) = (34,64) = 17,32 KN 2 FBC(x) = 17,32 KN

PERO: FAB(x) = 17,32 KN FBC(x) = 17,32 KN

- FAB(x) - FBC(x) + FBD = 0 -17,32 17,32 + FBD = 0 - 34,64 + FBD = 0

FBD = 34,64 KN (tensin)

56

NUDO C
FBC FCD

B
FBD

5m

D
FBD FCD FED

FAC

FCE
5m

FAB FAB

FBC

5m

20 kN

FBC

FCD

FED
EX

FAC
5m

FAC

FCE
5m

FCE

E
EY

PERO:
FAC = 17,32 kN (compresion) FBC = 34,64 kN (compresin) FBC(x) = 17,32 KN

30 kN

20 kN

FBC (X)

FCD (X)

3 FBC(Y ) = 2 FBC 3 FBC(Y ) = 2 (34,64) = 30 KN FBC(Y) = 30 KN

FBC FBC (Y)

FCD FCD(Y) 600 FCE

600 FAC

FCD(X ) cos 60 = FCD

FCD(X) = FCD cos 60

sen 60 =

FCD(Y ) FCD
20 kN

FCD(Y) = FCD sen 60

1 FCD(x ) = FCD 2
FX = 0 FCD(x) + FBC(x) + FAC FCE = 0

3 FCD(Y ) = FCD 2 3 FCD(Y ) = 2 FCD

PERO:
FAC = 17,32 kN (compresin) FBC(x) = 17,32 KN FCD(x) + 17,32 + 17,32 FCE = 0

57

FCD(x) + 34,64 FCE = 0

1 FCD - FCE = - 34,64 (Ecuacin 1) 2 3 FCD(Y ) = 2 FCD 2 FCD = FCD(Y ) 3 PERO: FCD(Y) = 50 KN 2 FCD = 50 = 57,73 KN 3 FCD = 57,73 kN (Tensin)
Reemplazar en la ecuacin 1

FY = 0 - FBC(Y) + FCD(Y) 20 = 0

PERO: FBC(Y) = 30 KN
- 30 + FCD(Y) 20 = 0 - 50 + FCD(Y) = 0 FCD(Y) = 50 KN

1 FCD - FCE = - 34,64 (Ecuacin 1) 2 1 57,73 - FCE = - 34,64 2

28,86 FCE = - 34,64 FCE = - 34,64 - 28,86 FCE = - 63,5 (-1) FCE = 63,5 KN (compresin) NUDO E
FED
EX

B
FBD
5m EY

5m

D
FBD FCD FED

FCE

E
FAB FAB

FBC

5m

FBC

FCD

FED
EX

FY = 0 EY - FED (Y) = 0 FED (Y) = EY A

FAC
5m 30 kN 20 kN

FAC

FCE
5m

FCE

E
EY

PERO:
EY = 10 KN

58

FED (Y) = 10 KN

FED(Y ) sen 60 = FED

FED (Y) = FED sen 60
FED (Y)

FED (X)

FED

FED =

FED(Y ) 10 = = 11,54 kN sen 60 0,866

600 FCE EX

FED = 11,54 KN (compresin) T = 80 N EX = 69,28 N EY = 10 KN FAC = 17,32 kN (compresin)

EY

FAB = 34,64 kN (tensin) FBC = 34,64 kN (compresin) FCD = 57,73 kN (Tensin) FED = 11,54 KN (compresin)

FBD = 34,64 KN (tensin)

FCE = 63,5 KN (compresin)

Problema 4.1 Esttica Meriam edicin tres Hallar la fuerza en cada miembro de la armadura cargada B
600N 1,25 m 1,25 m

600N

A A
3m

C
3m

C B
FBA
600N

AX AY FBC CY

MA = 0

CY (3) 600 (1,25) = 0

FBA AX AY

3 CY 750 = 0 3 CY = 750

A
FCA

FBC FCA

C
CY

CY =

750 = 250 N 3

CY = 250 N

59

 MC = 0

AY (3) 600 (1,25) = 0

FX = 0 600 AX = 0 600 = AX AX = 600 Newton

3 AY 750 = 0 3 AY = 750

AY =

750 = 250 N 3

AY = 250 N Nudo B B
600N

B
FBA

600N

B
FBC

FBC

FBC
1,25 3,25 3 600N

FBA AX AY

A
FCA

FBC FCA

FBA

FBA

C
CY

FBC FBA 600 = = 3 3,25 1,25 FBC FBA = = 200 3,25 1,25
Hallar FAB

Hallar FBC

FBA = 200 1,25

FAB = 200 (1,25) FAB = 250 Newton (traccin) Nudo C
FBC

FBC = 200 3,25

FBC = 200 (3,25) FBC = 650 Newton (compresin)

B C
CY = 250 N

FCA CY

FBC
1,25 3,25 3

FBA

600N

FBC

FBC C Y FCA = = 3 3,25 1,25

FBC = 650 Newton (compresin)

FBA

A
FCA

FBC FCA

FCA

AX AY

C
CY

60

650 C Y FCA = = 3 3,25 1,25

Hallar FCA

CY = 250 N AX = 600 Newton AY = 250 N FAB = 250 Newton (traccin) FBC = 650 Newton (compresin) FCA = 600 Newton (traccin)

650 FCA = 3 3,25 (650) 3 FCA = 3,25

FCA = 600 Newton (traccin)

Problema 4.1 Esttica Meriam edicin cinco; Problema 4.2 Esttica Meriam edicin tres Hallar la fuerza en cada miembro de la armadura simple equiltera AY AX A
1,732 m

2m

2m

B
2m

C MA = 0 CX

735,75 N

CX (2) - 735,75 ( 1,732) = 0

CX (2) = 1274,31

CX =

1274,31 = 637,15 N 2

W=mxg m = 735,75 Newton w = 75 kg 9,81 2 seg W = 735,75 Newton

CX = 637,15 Newton FX = 0 CX - AX = 0 CX = AX AX = 637,15 Newton FY = 0 AY 735,75 = 0 AY = 735,75 Newton

61

Nudo B
FBA

D
300 FBC

B
367,87 N 735,75 N

2 1,732 1,732

FBA

FBA 367,87 = 2 1
FBA = 2 X 367,87

735,75 N

367,87 N

FBC

FBA = 735,75 Newton

Nudo C

FBC 367,87 = 2 1
FBC = 2 X 367,87 FBC = 735,75 Newton

FBC FCA C X = = 1 1,732 2

FBC = 735,75 Newton (compresin)

735,75 FCA = 2 1 735,75 FCA = 2

FCA = 367,87 Newton (tensin)

FCA

FBC
300

CX
FCA
1,732 1 2

CX C

FBC

Problema 4.3 Esttica Meriam edicin tres Hallar la fuerza en cada miembro de la armadura cargada. Explicar por que no hace falta saber las longitudes de los miembros.
2,4 kN 2,4 kN

300

600

C
AX AY

300

600

C
CY

62

Nudo B
2,4 kN

FBA

2,4 kN

B
2,4 kN

300

600

FBA (Y)

FBA

FBC

FBC

FBA FBA (X) FBC (Y) FBC

FBA(Y ) sen 30 = FBA

FBA(Y) = FBA sen 30

1 FBA(Y ) = FBA 2 1 FBA(Y ) = FBA 2 FBC(Y ) FBC

FBC (X)

Para abreviar los clculos

sen 30 =

1 2

sen 60 =

3 2

cos 60 =

1 2

cos 30 =

3 2

sen 60 =

cos 30 = cos 60 = FBC(X ) FBC

FBC(Y) = FBC sen 60

FBA(X ) FBA

3 FBC(Y ) = FBC 2 3 FBC(Y ) = 2 FBC

FX = 0 FBA(X) - FBC(X) = 0

FBA(X) = FBA cos 30

FBC(X) = FBC cos 60

1 FBc(x ) = FBC 2 1 FBc(x ) = FBC 2

3 FBA(x ) = FBA 2 3 FBA(x ) = 2 FBA

3 1 2 FBA - 2 FBC = 0 (ECUACIN 1)

Resolver las ecuaciones

FY = 0 FBA(Y) + FBC(Y) - 2,4 = 0

3 1 FBA - FBC = 0 3 2 2 3 1 FBA + 2 FBC = 2,4 2

( )

3 1 FBA + 2 FBC = 2,4 (ECUACIN 2) 2

63

3 FBA 2

3 - 2 FBC = 0 3 1 FBA + 2 FBC = 2,4 2

3 1 FBA + FBA = 2,4 2 2

2 FBA = 2,4

FBA =

2,4 = 1,2 kN 2

FBA = 1,2 kN (compresin)

3 1 2 FBA - 2 FBC = 0 (ECUACIN 1) 3 1 FBA = FBC 2 2 3 FBA = FBC

FBA = 1,2 kN

3 (1,2 ) = FBC
FBC = 2,078 kN (compresin) Nudo C
FBC FBC
60
0

cos 60 =

FCA(X ) FCA

C
CY

600

FCA FCA

FCA (X) CY
600

FCA (X) = (cos 60) FCA FX = 0 FCA (X) - FBC = 0 (cos 60) FCA - FBC = 0

FCA

FCA (Y)

64

(cos 60) FCA = FBC

FCA =

FBC 2,078 = = 1,039 kN cos 60 0,5

FBA = 1,039 kN (traccin) Problema 4.3 Esttica Meriam edicin cinco Determine the force in each member of the truss. Note the presence of any zero-force members.

5 kN

AY Ax MA = 0 A FBC
1m

3m

FAB FCA

FAB

B FBC

DX (1) - 5 (3) = 0

DX - 15 = 0 DX = 15 KN FX = 0 DX AX = 0 DX = AX Ax AY A FBC
1m

FBC FCD FCD

2m

FCA C

FBC

Dx

5 kN b=3m

=26,560

c= 5

FBC D

a=2 2

Dx

2m

PERO: DX = 15 KN AX = 15 KN
FY = 0 AY 5 = 0

65

AY = 5 KN

ley de cosenos a2 = b2 + c2 2 b c sen

2 tg = 1
= arc tg (2) = 63,430 + = 900 = 90 - = 900 63,43 = 26,560 NUDO B
5 kN
0

a 2 = (3)2 +

( 5 )2 - 2 (3) ( 5 )sen 26,56

a2 = 9 + 5- 6

( 5 )(0,4471) ( 5)

a 2 = 14 - 2,68

a 2 = 14 - 6 a 2 = 8
FAB FBC

a= 8 =2 2
FBC(X)
=450

FAB

B FBC

5 kN

FBC(Y)

FBC

ley de cosenos c2 = a2 + b2 2 a b sen = arc tg 0,7071 = 450 cos = cos 45 = 0,7071 sen = sen 45 = 0,7071

( 5 )2 = (2 2 )2 + (3)2 - 2 (2 2 )(3) sen 5 = 8 + 9 - 12 ( 2 ) sen

5 = 8 + 9 - 16,97 sen
FBC(X) = FBC cos 45 Pero:

5 = 17 - 16,97 sen

16,97 sen = 17 - 5 = 12 12 sen = = 0,7071 16,97

FBC = 7,071 KN
FBC(X) = FBC cos 45

66

FBC(X ) cos 45 = FBC FBC(X) = FBC cos 45

FY = 0 FBC(Y) 5 = 0 FBC(Y) = 5 kN

FBC(X) = FBC cos 45 Pero:

FBC = 7,071 KN
FBC(X) = FBC cos 45 FBC(X) = (7,071) (0,7071) FBC(X) = 5 kN FX = 0 FBC(X) FAB = 0

FBC(Y ) 5 = = 7,071 kN sen 45 0,7071 FBC = 7,071 KN FBC =

FAB = FBC(X) FAB = 5 kN

NUDO C
5 kN

FCA FCD C

FBC Ax

AY A FBC
1m

3m

FAB FCA

FAB
=450

B FBC

FCA(X ) cos 26,56 = FCA FCA(X) = FCA cos 26,56

FCA(X) = 0,8944 FCA

FBC FCD FCD

2m

FCA C

FBC

Dx

FBC(X)
FY = 0 FCA(Y) FBC(Y) = 0 FCA(Y) = FBC(Y) FBC
=450 =26,56
0

FBC(Y)
FCD FCA

Pero: FBC (Y) = 5 kN

FCA(Y) = 5 kN

FCA(Y)

sen 26,56 = FCA =

FCA(Y ) 5 = = 11,18 kN sen 26,56 0,4471 67

FCA(Y ) FCA

FCA(X)

FCA = 11,18 kN (tensin)

Reemplazando la ecuacin 1 FCD 0,8944 FCA = 5 (Ecuacin 1) Pero: FCA = 11,18 kN FCD 0,8944 (11,18) = 5 FCD 10 = 5 FCD = 5 + 10 = 15 kN FCD = 15 Kn (compresin) NUDO D
Ax FX = 0 DX - FCD = 0 DX = FCD Pero:
1m

FX = 0 - FBC(X) + FCD FCA(X) = 0 Pero: FBC(X) = 5 kN - 5 + FCD FCA(X) = 0

FCD FCA(X) = 5
FCA(X) = 0,8944 FCA

FCD 0,8944 FCA = 5 (Ecuacin 1)

5 kN

AY A FBC FBC FCD Dx D

2m

3m

FAB FCA

FAB
=450

B FBC

FCA FCD C

FBC

FCD = 15 Kn
Fy = 0 FBC = 0

68

Problema 4.4 Esttica Meriam edicin tres; Problema 4.6 Esttica Meriam edicin cinco; Hallar la fuerza en cada miembro de la armadura cargada E
FAE FEB FED
3m

D
FED FBD FCD

2 kN

FEB

FCD FBD FBC

MC = 0

FAE

- AY (6) + 2 (3) = 0

B
FAB FAB
6m

C
FBC

A
AY

CX CY

6 AY = 2 (3) AY = 1 kN MA = 0

FX = 0 CX 2 = 0 CX = 2 kN

2 (3) - CY (6) = 0

2 (3) = CY (6) CY = 1 kN Nudo A

FAE FAE 4,24 3 3

CY

A
AY

FAB FAB

C Y FAB FAE = = 4,24 3 3

CY = 1 kN

Se halla FAB

Se halla FAE

1 FAB FAE = = 4,24 3 3

1 FAB = 3 3
FAB = 1 kN (tension)

1 FAE = 3 4,24

FAE =

4,24 = 1,41kN 3

FAE = 1,413 Kn (compresin)

69

Nudo E E
FED FAE FEB FAE 4,24 3 FED 3 FEB

FEB FED FAE = = 4,24 3 3

FAE = 1,413 kN

Se halla FEB

Se halla FED

FEB = 0,3332 3
FEB = 3 (0,3332) = 1 kN (tensin)

FED = 0,3332 3
FED = 3 (0,3332) = 1 kN (compresin)

FEB FED 1,413 = = 3 3 4,24 FEB FED = = 0,3332 3 3

Nudo B
FEB FBD

FBC 4,24 3 FBD (Y) FEB = 1 kn FAB = 1 kN FBD (X) FBD

B
FAB FBC

FBD

= arc tg (1) = 450

3 tg = = 1 3

FY = 0 FEB - FBD(Y) = 0 FEB = FBD(Y) FEB = 3 (0,3332) = 1 kN 1 = FBD(Y) 1 = FBD (sen 45)

FBD(Y ) sen = FBD FBD(Y ) sen 45 = FBD

FBD (sen 45) = FBD(Y)

FBD(X ) cos = FBD FBD(X ) cos 45 = FBD

FBD =

1 1 = = 1,414 kN sen 45 0,7071

FBD = 1,414 kN

70

FBD (X) = FBD (cos 45) FBD = 1,414 kN FBD (X) = 1,414 (cos 45)

FX = 0 FBC - FBD (X) FAB = 0 FBC = FBD (X) + FAB FBC = 1 + 1 Pero: FAB = 1 kN Pero: FBD (X) = 1 kN

FBD (X) = 1,414 (0,7071) FBD (X) = 1 kN Nudo C

FCD CX

FBC = 2 kN

FX = 0 CX - FBC = 0
CY

FY = 0 FCD - CY = 0 FCD = CY CY = 1 kN FCD = CY = 1 kN (traccin)

C
FBC

FCD CX CY

CX = FBC FBC = 2 kN (traccin) CX = FBC = 2 kN

FBC

Problema 4.4 Esttica Meriam edicin cinco Calculate the forces in members BE and BD of the loaded truss.
8 pulg.

8 pulg.

CY C Cx
8 pulg. 2

FBC FBD

FBC

FAB FEB

FEB FAB

FBD FED

A MC = 0

FAE

FAE

FED

D DY

Dx

1000 lb

1000 (8 + 8) - DX (8) = 0

1000 (16) - 8 DX = 0 16000 - 8 DX = 0

71

8 DX = 16000

DX =

16000 = 2000 lb. 8

C
2 2 2 2

FX = 0 CX - DX = 0 CX = DX CY PERO: DX = 2000 lb. CX = 2000 lb.

DX = 2000 lb. C CY Cx

Cx

Las ecuaciones de equilibrio para la fuerza C son:

CY CX = 2 2
Cancelando trminos semejantes CY = CX PERO: CX = 2000 lb. CY = 2000 lb.
8 pulg.

CY C Cx
2

NUDO A
FAB FAB

8 pulg.

FAB 8 pulg. 1000 lb FAB

FAE

8 2
8

1000 lb FAE

FAE

FAE

D DY

Dx

Las ecuaciones de equilibrio son:

1000 lb

FAB 1000 FAE = = 8 8 8 2

Cancelando trminos semejantes

Hallar FAE

1000 = FAE
FAE = 1000 lb. (Compresin)

FAB = 1000 = FAE 2

72

Hallar FAB

FAB = 1000 2

FAB = 1414,21libras (tensin)

8 pulg.

FAB = 1000

( 2)
CY C Cx
8 pulg. 2 2 8 pulg. FEB FAB FEB FED FBD

NUDO E

FBC

FBC

FAE

FEB FAB

E A

FBD FED

FY = 0 FEB = 0 FX = 0 FAE - FED = 0 FAE = FED PERO: FAE = 1000 lb.

FAE

FAE

FED

D DY

Dx

1000 lb

FBD(X)

FAB(X)

FBD(Y)

8 2
8 FBD

8 2
FAB 8

FED = 1000 lb. (Compresin) NUDO B

FAB

FAB(Y) FBC

FBC FBC FBD FBD FAB

Hallar FAB(X)

FEB

=0

FAB = FAB(X ) 2 1414,2 2 = FAB(X )

Las ecuaciones de equilibrio para la junta B son:

FAB FAB(Y ) FAB(X ) = = 8 8 8 2

Cancelando trminos semejantes

FAB(X) = 1000 lb.

FAB = FAB(Y ) = FAB(X ) 2

73

PERO: FAB = 1414,21libras Hallar FAB(Y)

FAB = FAB(Y ) 2 1414,2 2 = FAB(Y )

FX = 0 FBC - FBD(X) - FAB(X) = 0 PERO: FAB(X) = 1000 lb. FBC - FBD(X) = FAB(X) FBC - FBD(X) = 1000 ECUACION 1

FAB(Y) = 1000 lb. FY = 0 FBD (Y) FAB (Y) = 0 FBD (Y) = FAB (Y)

Pero: FAB (Y) = 1000 lb.

FBD (Y) = 1000 lb. Las ecuaciones de equilibrio para la junta B son: Hallar FBC FBC - FBD(X) = 1000 ECUACION 1 PERO: FBD (X) = 1000 lb. FBC - 1000 = 1000 FBC = 1000 + 1000 FBC = 2000 lb. (traccin) DX = 2000 lb. FAB = 1414,21libras (tensin) FAE = 1000 lb. (Compresin) FED = 1000 lb. (Compresin) FEB = 0 FBC = 2000 lb. (traccin)

FBD FBD(Y ) FBD(X ) = = 8 8 8 2

Cancelando trminos semejantes

FBD = FBD(Y ) = FBD(X ) 2 Pero: FBD (Y) = 1000 lb.

FBD(Y ) = FBD(X ) FBD (X) = 1000 lb.

FBD = FBD(Y ) 2 Pero: FBD (Y) = 1000 lb.

FBD =

( 2 ) FBD(Y ) FBD = ( 2 )1000

FBD = 1414,2 libras (compresin)

74

Problema 4.5 Esttica Meriam edicin tres; Hallar la fuerza en cada miembro de la armadura cargada. Influye la carga de 6 kN en los resultados.
3 4 10 kN 6 kN BX = 6 kN

4m

4m

C
5

3 4 BY =8 kN

10 kN 4m

4m

BX = 6 kN

AY

10 kN 4m

BY =8 kN

6 kN 4m

B X 10 B Y = = 5 4 3
C Hallar BX

A
AX FAB FAE
4m F AE

FAB FBE

FCB FBD

FCB FCD CY

BX =2 3
BX = 3 (2) = 6 KN BX = 6 KN

FBE FED FED

4m

FCD

MA = 0

Hallar BY

- BY (4) + CY (4 + 4) - 6 (4 + 4) = 0 FX = 0 BX - AX = 0 = 6 KN BX = AX AX = 6 KN PERO: BX

BY =2 4
BY = 4 (2) = 6 KN BY = 8 KN

- 8 (4) + CY (8) - 6 (8) = 0 - 4 + CY - 6 = 0 CY - 10 = 0 CY = 10 KN

75

 MC = 0

- AY (4 + 4) + BY (4) = 0

PERO: BY = 8 KN

- AY (8) + 8 (4) = 0 - AY + 4 = 0 AY = 4 kN NUDO A

FAE(X) 2 4 AY AX AY

2m

2m

sen = sen =

FAE(Y ) FAE 2 3 3 = 4 2

FAB FAE

FAB FBE

2 3
FAE(Y) FAE

AX

FAB FAE

4m F AE

FAE(Y) = sen FAE

3 FAE(Y ) = FAE 2 FAE(X ) cos = FAE 2 1 cos = = 4 2

FAE(X) = cos FAE FX = 0 FAE(X) AX + FAB = 0 PERO: AX = 6 KN FAE(X) + FAB = AX FAE(X) + FAB = 6

FAE(Y) = sen FAE

1 FAE(X ) = FAE 2
FY = 0 AY FAE (Y) = 0 PERO: AY = 4 kN FAE (Y) = AY FAE (Y) = 4 kN

FAE(Y ) = FAE = 2 3

3 FAE 2 FAE(Y )

1 FAE + FAB = 6 (ECUACION 1) 2

PERO: FAE (Y) = 4 Kn

FAE =

2 3

(4) = 4,618

kN

FAE = 4,618 KN (tensin)

1 FAE + FAB = 6 (ECUACION 1) 2

PERO: FAE = 4,618 KN

76

1 FAE 2 1 FAB = 6 - (4,618) = 6 - 2,309 = 3,691 kN 2 FAB = 3,691 KN (tensin) FAB = 6 NUDO C
AY
6 kN BX = 6 kN 10 kN 4m BY =8 kN 6 kN 4m

A C
CY
4m F AE

C
FCB FCD CY

AX

FAB FAE

FAB FBE

FCB FBD FBD FED

4m

FCB FCD

FY = 0 CY 6 - FCD (Y) = 0 PERO: CY = 10 kN 10 6 - FCD (Y) = 0 4 - FCD (Y) = 0 FCD (Y) = 4 KN FX = 0

6 kN

FBE FED

FCD

FCB
600

FCD(Y ) FCD FCD (Y) = FCD sen 60 FCD(Y ) 4 FCD = = = 4,618 kN sen 60 0,866 sen 60 =
FCD = 4,618 KN (tensin)
CY = 10 KN

FCB - FCD(X) = 0 FCB = FCD(X)

FCD (Y)

FCD FCD (X)

cos 60 =

FCB = 2,309 kN (compresin)

FCD(x ) FCD

FCD (X) = FCD cos 60 PERO: FCD = 4,618 KN (tensin) FCD (X) = 4,618 (0,5) = 2,309 kN

77

NUDO B FX = 0

6 - FAB - FCB + FBE(X) FBD(X) = 0

PERO: FAB = 3,691 KN FCB = 2,309 kN
BX = 6 kN 10 kN BY =8 kN BX = 6 kN BY = 8 kN

6 - 3,691 - 2,309 + FBE(X) FBD(X) = 0

FBE(X) FBD(X) = 0
FAB FBE

B
FCB FBD FAB
600

FCB
600

FBE cos 60 - FBD cos 60 = 0 0,5 FBE 0,5 FBD = 0 (ECUACION 1)

FY = 0 FBE (Y) + FBD (Y) - 8 = 0 FBE (Y) + FBD (Y) = 8

FBE (Y)

FBE FBE (X)

FBD FBD (Y) FBD (X)

FBE(Y ) sen 60 = FBE FBE(Y) = FBE sen 60 FBE(x ) FBE FBE(X) = FBE cos 60 cos 60 =

FBE sen 60 + FBD sen 60 = 8 0,866 FBE + 0,866 FBD = 8 (ECUACION 2)

Resolver las ecuaciones 1 y 2

FBD(Y ) FBD FBD(Y) = FBD sen 60 sen 60 = FBD(x ) FBD FBD(X) = FBD cos 60 cos 60 =

0,5 FBE 0,5 FBD = 0 (0,866) 0,866 FBE + 0,866 FBD = 8 (0,5)

0,433 FBE 0,433 FBD = 0 0,433 FBE + 0,433 FBD = 4 0,866 FBE = 4 4 FBE = 4,618 KN 0,866 FBE = 4,618 kN (compresion)
NUDO E
FAE FBE FED

BX = 6 kN

AY

10 kN 4m

BY =8 kN

6 kN 4m

A
AX FAB FAE
4m F AE

C
FCB FCD CY

FAB FBE

FCB FBD FBD FED

4m

FBE FED

FCD

78

FED

FAE (Y)

FAE
600

FBE
600

FBE (Y)

FAE(Y ) FAE FAE(Y) = FAE sen 60 sen 60 = FAE(x ) FAE FAE(X) = FAE cos 60 cos 60 =

FBE(Y ) FBE FBE(Y) = FBE sen 60 sen 60 = FBE(x ) FBE FBE(X) = FBE cos 60 cos 60 =

FAE (X)

FBE (X)

FX = 0

FED - FAE (X) FBE (X) = 0 FED - FAE cos 60 FBE cos 60 = 0 PERO: FBE = 4,618 kN FAE = 4,618 KN FED = FAE cos 60 + FBE cos 60 FED = 4,618 (0,5) + 4,618 (0,5) FED = 2,309 + 2,309 = 4,618 KN (Tension) FED = 4,618 KN (Tension)
CY = 10 KN AY = 4 kN AX = 6 KN FAE = 4,618 KN (tensin) FAB = 3,691 KN (tensin) FCD = 4,618 KN (tensin)

FCB = 2,309 kN (compresion) FBE = 4,618 kN (compresion) FED = 4,618 KN (Tension)

Problema 4.7 Esttica Meriam edicin tres; Problema 4.12 Esttica Meriam edicin cinco Calcular las fuerzas en los miembros CG y CF de la armadura representada

ME = 0

FX = 0 DX EX = 0 EX = DX EX =10,666 KN

4 (2 + 2 + 2) + 2 (2 + 2) DX (3) = 0

4 (6) + 2 (4) DX (3) = 0 24 + 8 3 DX = 0

79

32 3 DX = 0 3 DX = 32

DX =

32 = 10,666 KN 3
FAB FAG
3 4 KN 4 KN

DX = 10,666 KN NUDO A A FAB FAG

4 KN

2m

2 KN 2m

2m

DY FCD D Dx
3m

FAB

FAB FAG
6 6,7

B FBC FBC C FCD FBG FGC FCF FCF

FAG G

FGC FGF FGF

Las ecuaciones de equilibrio para la junta A son:

F E CY Ex

FAB FAG 4 = = 6 6,7 3

Hallar FAB

Hallar FAG

FAB 4 = 3 6 (4) 6 = 8 KN FAB = 3

FAB = 8 KN (tensin) NUDO B
2 KN

FAB FAG 4 = = 6 6,7 3 FAG 4 = 6,7 3 (6,7 ) 4 = 8,94 KN FAG = 3

FAG = 8,94 KN (compresion)

2m

2 KN 2m

2m

DY D Dx
3m

FAB

FBC A

FAB FAG
4 KN

FAB

B FBC FBC C FBG

FAG G F

FBG FX = 0 FBC - FAB = 0 FBC = FAB PERO: FAB = 8 KN (tensin) FBC = 8 KN (tensin) FY = 0 FBG - 2 = 0

E CY

Ex

FBG = 2 KN (compresin)

80

NUDO G FBG FGC FAG G FGF A FAB FAG

4 KN 2m 2 KN 2m 2m

DY D Dx

FAB

B FBC FBC C FBG FGC

FAG G

FGC FGF FGF

3m

3 tg = = 0,5 6
= arc tg (0,5) = 26,56
0

F E Ex

FGC(X) FAG(X) FAG(Y) FAG

26.560 26.56 26.560
0

FGC FGF(Y)

FGC(Y)

CY

FGF(Y ) sen 26,56 = FGF

FGF(Y) = FGF sen 26,56

FGF FBG FGF(X)

sen 26,56 =

FGC(Y ) FGC FAG(Y ) FAG

FGC(Y) = FGC sen 26,56

cos 26,56 =
FGF (X)

sen 26,56 =

FGF(X ) FGF = FGF cos 26,56

FAG(Y) = FAG sen 26,56 FX = 0 FGC (X) + FAG (X) - FGF (X) = 0 PERO: FGC (X) = FGC cos 26,56 FGF (X) = FGF cos 26,56 FAG (X) = FAG cos 26,56 FAG = 8,94 KN (compresion) FAG (X) = FAG cos 26,56 FAG (X) = (8,94) cos 26,56 FGC (X) + FAG (X) - FGF (X) = 0 FGC cos 26,56 + (8,94) cos 26,56 - FGF cos 26,56 = 0

cos 26,56 =
FGC (X)

FGC(X ) FGC = FGC cos 26,56

cos 26,56 =
FAG (X)

FAG(X ) FAG = FAG cos 26,56

81

FGC + 8,94 - FGF = 0 FGC - FGF = - 8,94 (Ecuacin 1) Resolver las ecuaciones FGC - FGF = - 8,94 (-0,4471) 0,4471 FGC + 0,4471 FGF = 6 -0,4471 FGC + 0,4471 FGF = 4 0,4471 FGC + 0,4471 FGF = 6 0,4471 FGF + 0,4471 FGF = 4 + 6 0,8942 FGF = 10 FY = 0 FGC (Y) + FGF (Y) - FAG (Y) - FBG = 0 PERO: FGC(Y) = FGC sen 26,56 FGF(Y) = FGF sen 26,56 FBG = 2 KN (compresin) FAG(Y) = FAG sen 26,56 FAG = 8,94 KN (compresion) FAG (Y) = (8,94) sen 26,56 FAG (Y) = (8,94) (0,4471) FAG (Y) = 4 KN FGC (Y) + FGF (Y) FGC (Y) + FGF (Y) FGC (Y) + FGF (Y) FGC (Y) + FGF (Y) - FAG (Y) - FBG = 0 -4 -2=0 -6=0 =6

FGF =

10 = 11,18 KN 0,8942

FGF = 11,18 KN (compresion) Reemplazar la ecuacin 1 FGC - FGF = - 8,94 (Ecuacin 1) Pero: FGF = 11,18 KN FGC 11,18 = - 8,94 FGC = 11,18 - 8,94 FGC = 2,24 KN (tensin) NUDO C FBC C FCD FAB FAG
4 KN

0,4471 FGC + 0,4471 FGF = 6 (Ecuacin 2) FBC FGC(Y)

26.560

FCD

FGC FGC(X)
2m

FCF
2 KN 2m 2m

DY FCD D Dx
3m

FAB

FGC FCF PERO: FBC = 8 KN FGC = 2,24 KN

B FBC FBC C FCD FBG FGC FCF FCF

FAG G

FGC FGF FGF

F E CY Ex

cos 26,56 =
FGC (X) FGC (X)

FGC(X ) FGC = FGC cos 26,56 = (2,24) cos 26,56

82

FGC (X) = (2,24) 0,8944 FGC (X) = 2 KN FX = 0 FCD - FBC - FGC (X) = 0 PERO: FBC = 8 KN FGC (X) = 2 KN FCD - FBC - FGC (X) = 0 FCD - 8 - 2 = 0 FCD - 10 = 0 FCD = 10 kN (tensin)

sen 26,56 =
FGC (Y) FGC (Y) FGC (Y) FGC (Y)

FGC(Y ) FGC

FY = 0 FCF - FGC (Y) = 0 FCF = FGC (Y) PERO: FGC (Y) = 1 KN FCF = 1 KN (compresin)

= FGC sen 26,56 = (2,24) sen 26,56 = (2,24) 0,4471 = 1 KN

83