Arterial Pressure Regulation Summary - Different mechanisms work together to regulate pressure 1. First Line of defense a.

Nervous Control 2. Second line of defense a. Kidney Control Rapid Acting Regulation - seconds or minutes to respond - Almost all nervous responses - Life saving 1. Baroreceptor Feedback Mechanism 2. CNS Ischemic Mechanism 3. Chemoreceptor Mechanism - After an acute fall in pressure they all combine a) To cause constriction of veins and transfer of blood into the heart b) To cause increased heart rate and contractility to provide greater pumping capacity by the heart c) To cause constriction of peripheral arterioles which increases peripheral resistance to impede flow of blood out of arteries - These effects occur to raise arterial pressure Intermediate Regulation - 30 Minutes or hours to respond - sustains

1. Renin-Angiotensin Vasoconstrictor Mechanism 2. Stress Relaxation of Vasculature a. Increasing pressure stretches vessel walls so pressure falls to normal 3. Capillary Fluid Shift Mechanism a. Low capillary pressure allows fluid to be absorbed from tissues increasing blood volume and pressure b. High capillary pressure allows fluid to enter tissues decreasing blood volume and pressure Long term Regulation - Hours to respond - stabilizes 1. Renal-Body Fluid Mechanism a) Aldosterone b) Renin-Angiotensin c) Nervous System