1432 2011

The Dedication
I dedicate this project to a true friend who was supporting me ,
and who was always there .
To a friend who always there.. near or far... always care
To a friend who brought me up when I was feeling down , and
made me laugh when I wanted to frown
To a friend who always leaves a mark embedded deep within my
life
to my best friend ever dr. Ruba Saada


6 .......................................................................................

.1.1 7 ........................................................................
.2.1 7 .................................................................
.3.1 9 ...............................................

.1.2 15 .............................................................
.2.2 15 ...........................................................
.3.2 16 ................................................
.4.2 17 ..............................................
.5.2 17 .......................................................................
.6.2 18 ................................................

.1.3 26 ...........................................................................
.2.3 29 ...........................................................................
.3.3 31 ......................................................................
.4.3 33 .........................................................................
.5.3 37 ..........
3

 .6.3 39 ...................................................................
.7.3 43 .........................................................
.8.3 43 ............................................
.9.3 44 .........................................
.10.3 44 ......................
.11.3 50 ...........................................................................

.1.4 53 ................................
.2.4 )55 ............................................. (SCR
.3.4 NO 57 ..................
.4.4 60 ..........................................................
.5.4 62 .............................................................

.1.5 67 .............................................
.2.5 68 ...............................
.3.5 69 ...............................................
.4.5 69 .........................
.5.5 71 .............................................................
.6.5 77 ............................................
.7.5 81 ...........................
81 .................................................................................
4


.1.6 () 83 .......................................
.2.6 85 .........................................

.1.7 87 ...................................................
.2.7 88 ............................................................
.3.7 89 ...................................................
93 .......................................................................................
94 ......................................................................................
97 .......................................................................................

.

.

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,
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, 3400 MW

2002 . 31128 MW

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.

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.
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876 GWh ,

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three

1000

18200

127550

0.07

Gorges-

1340

1260

88300

0.13

13

itaipu

700

2400

16785

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79

300

876

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14

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14

.1.2 :



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.

.2.1.2 :
.

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16

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.
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:
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.
17



350 Kg/m3
.
500 Kg/m3
.

.6.2 :
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( )1-2 ( )1-2

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18

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: ( )2-2

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19

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:compostage

% 76

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( )3-2 .

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( )4-2 .

20

 ()4-2

:


methanobacterium

...

.

.3.1.6.2 : Incineration
1000 C
258 KW/ Tonfuel .

( )5-2 .

21

 ()5-2

.4.1.6.2 :






.

.

300 1500

5 GJ 6 GJ
%25 . %50

22

4 6 - . 150
5 TW-h .

:
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.

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1971 200
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23

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:

.


.
:
.

26

( )
.

: 1 =12000 Btu
Kg 0.543 =1lb

80 = 144

1 2.66 lb 11.5 lb 34.6 lb

9 .

) Stoichiometric Ratio (S.R

14.1 Btu/lb 61.1 Btu/lb

.


:

"" 5.1 lb
,
( 3250 = 1788 ).

27

 :
,

.
1 lb 7.5 lb
(
)
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150 .

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29

 ( )...



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.3 :

excess-air systems
() .
starved-air systems .

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" ." dry collection hopper

.

.2.2.3 :
(

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:
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.

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.
30

( )2.5 1sec ( . )20001800oF

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( ) %50 40 ( )1.5 1.4
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31

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32

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33

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36

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37

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38

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39

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42


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CO+0.5 O2 CO2
44

980oC
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45

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46

 ( ( . ))15-3

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NOx
.

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.

47

( )15-3 congeners

()15-3
"
.1 .

.2 Toxic Equivalency Quotient (TEQ) concentration

().
TEQ
2,3,7,8 tetra chlorinated dibenzo-p-dioxin
(. )0.001 0.5

.2.10.3 :

. -

.
( )540205oC 540

( )16-3 ()

48

( )540205oC

()
205

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540oC

( )17-3
.

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49

. 205oC

air preheaters economizers .

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.

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51

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52

.1.4 :

.
.

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1gr 500m2


.

53

 .2.1.4 : baghouse filtering

CO2 O2

( )
( )1-4 .

()1-4

.3.1.4 ): (SCR



( )2-4( )3-4 .

()2-4
54

 ()3-4


.

.2.4 ): (SCR

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) ) 400300oC ( ) 3-2
( )%90-75 :
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55

 ( )4-4 ( )5-4

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( )5-4
( ) :

56



( )6-4( )7-4

Two-way
( )6-4

Three-way

( )7-4

.3.4 NO :
:
NO :

57

Pt,Pd, Rh

(.)8-4

( )8-4
: . Cu, Cr, Mn ,Co

: Pt
CO .
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%95 CO ,NO2 (.)9-4

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58

 :
CO2 CO NOx
( ) .
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: :

)(N2) (N2O) (NO) (NO2) (NO3) (N2O5

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HNO2, HNO3, NO2, NO3, NH4

NOx NO2 .NO
NOy NOx .
NOx ( ):

:
NOx
NO NO2 HNO3
NO2 OH O3

59

 : NO2
:

.4.4 :

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:

()10-4

60

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61


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:

.

62

()13-4

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(.)14-4

63

 ()14-4

(.)15-4

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64

 :

co .

()16-4

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3 .
":"converging section
65

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66

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m 500
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69

 :
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:
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.3 (.)5Cm
.

.
3 ( )25Cm
(.)57-10m/sec
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3 ( )75Cm
.

:
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:
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70

 .2 ( )5Cm .
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.5 ( )0.5Cm ()15Cm
MCO( ) 2.5 Kg/m2 .
.6 .

.


(.)1-5

()1-5

71

 ()2-5

.5.5 :
.1.5.5 :

( )m 1.20.7 (
)
(. )m 0.40.3

( )Kg/m3 450 350

100000

20000
.

20

, 20000 .


.

72

 ( )3-5 .

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:
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( ) 4025 m ( ) 150 80 m
.

.

.
.2 :

:
.
73

 .
.
.3 :

.
.

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( )1000800 Kg/m3
:
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( )250150 Cm2 ( )4030Cm2



( )35003000m2 ( )4-5 .

74

 ()4-5

.

( )5-5 .

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.

75

.
( )1Kg waste %35
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.

350

450/

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0.7 1.2 .

0.3

1.5 2.5 .

76

 0.3 0.4 .

0.4 .

.

.

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,

77

.6.5 :

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CH4

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N2

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NH3

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78

 O2

%2

H2O

C7H8

.3
( )%105 :

%25
. %5

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()6500 kcal
.

( )7 PH
.

( )5030m3gas
.
( )6-5 100000 ton
20.

79

 ()6-5

.1.6.5 :

( )8060 m

.

( )300 mm
P.V.C (.)150 mm
P.V.C

. )4 mm( P.V.C
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( )700mm P.V.C ( )400 mm

. P.V.C .


.

80

 ( )7-5

.
.

()7-5

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.
:

( )1050 mm
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.


.
:
.
:
81

 .1

.2 .
( )10 mm
.

.7.5 :

,
.

82

 :
30000 ( )0.8kg/day

( )250kg/m3
( )1.6 m ( ) 0.3 m
( )9.0 m :
.1 .
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%70

( . )6500kcal/m3 .
:
.1 :
M = 0.83000035610=87600000 kg=87600 T
:

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83


.1.6 () :

( ) .

.
.

.
:

Dioxin furans ( )

.
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.
.
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.

84

( ) % 80 60
.

,
.
.
:

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180

18

1500

1500

0.07

furan

furans dioxins

.
( )
13 .

85

 .2.6 :
( ) ) Non-methane hydrocarbon(NMOC

( )1-6 .

( )1-6 ) (NMOC
(. )2-6

()2-6

86

 (.)3-6

()3-6
.

87

.1.7 :

.

.

.1 .
.2 (
) .
.3 :
.
.
.4 :
.
.
.5

.
.6
.

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.

88

 .9

.
.10 .
.11
.
.12 .
.13 .
.14 " ".
.15 .
.16 .
.17 .

. % 5
.

.2.7 :

.
20 .

( )11 MJ

( )

( )7MJ . ( )7 MJ
( ) .
).
( ) ( 10000
( 15 20 )

( 600 )

89

 ( )250 gr/Kw-h ( 9 7
.)2011
( )800 600 m3/ton
( )21 m3/ton ( )0,30,2 ton/ton
( 1000000 x ) .

: 1000000 :

. = 300000
= 1000000 0,3 /

= 30 = 300000 10000

120 ( 8500 )
( )MJ/kg 10 350 ( 25000 )

( .) MJ/kg 7

1 ( 40 - 35 ).
10000 5000
% 90
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.

200

.3.7 :

( ).

()1-7

90

 ()1-7

. (.)2-7
.

()2-7

21

91

50 70

( ) 6500 Kcal/m3
.

% 90

% 65 % 90

.



.
( )1500 300m3

( ) 50 25%

6 ( 3 ).

()1 Ton waste

() 120 m3

(1 ) ( )0,4

.
92

90

.
% 20

.

.

% 70

900

....................
.............
.....
.

93



.

.

94


:

) (WFPP
.
:

95

()Waste Fired Power Plant

 .1 .
.2 ( ).
.3 .
.4 .
.5 .
.6 .
.7
. 1600 F
.8 .
.9 .
.10 ( NOx ).
.11 SO2
.12 ( ) .
.13
.

.14 .
.15 .
.16 .
.

96

97


:
.2030 -2009 -1
.2014 -2004 -2
.2003 -3
.2005 -4

. 2006 IPCC -5
. 2008 ,

-6

:
1- EUROPEAN COMMISSION Integrated Pollution Prevention and Control
Techniques for Waste Incineration 2006.
2- INCINERATION The best option for disposal of waste.
3- Afval Energy Bedrijf, City of Amsterdam 2001-2009.
4- Waste Management McGraw-Hill eBooks 2008.
5- HAZARDOUS WASTE INCINERATION PLANTS.
6- Reference Document on the Best Available Techniques for Waste Incineration
7- Engineering Encyclopedia (Saudi Aramco DeskTop Standards) Treatment of Solid
Waste

98

ALEPPO UNIVERSITY
MECHANICAL ENGENEERING FACULTY
DEPARTMENT ENERGY ENGINEERING

PROJECT TO OBTAIN A DEGREE IN MECHANICAL

ENGINEERING

Burning and treatment plants to

generate energy from waste
PREPARATION
STUDENTS ENGINEERS

STUDENTS ENGINEERS

Mahmoud Sabbagh

Amjad AL-amiri

SUPERVISION
DR . ENGINEERS

DR . ENGINEERS

Fawaz AL-dayeh

Mahmoud AL-radi

1432 H - 2011 M

99

100