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 ٩ ‫ﻡ‬





 
 

‫ﻋﺒﺪﺍﷲ ﺳﻠﻴﻤﺎﻥ ﺍﻟﻌﺰﺍﺯ‬
 
 
 

 ‫ﺍﳌﺴﺘﺨﻠﺺ‬





 

‫ ﺍﳌﻘﺪﻣﺔ‬- ١






 











 




















 squire, 1989



Muralidhar 

and Rich (1991), Santhanam and Schniederjans (1993), Liberatorate and Stylianou (1994), Mukherjee (1994)
et al. (1988), bard and Kaufmann (1988), Muralidhar et al. (1990), Ringuest and Graves (1996), Schniederjans



 


Industrial Programming Study and 

Identification in Jordan (1981)








 




 
 



Zero-one Goal Programming
 





 
‫ ﳕﻮﺫﺝ ﺑﺮﳎﺔ ﺍﻷﻫﺪﺍﻑ ﺍﻟﺜﻨﺎﺋﻴﺔ‬.٢
‫ ﶈﺔ ﻣﻮﺟﺰﺓ ﻋﻦ ﺃﺳﻠﻮﺏ ﺑﺮﳎﺔ ﺍﻷﻫﺪﺍﻑ‬:‫ﺃﻭﻻ‬





 
‫ ﺍﻟﺼﻴﺎﻏﺔ ﺍﻟﻌﺎﻣﺔ ﳌﺸﻜﻠﺔ ﺍﺧﺘﻴﺎﺭ ﺍﳌﺸﺮﻭﻋﺎﺕ ﰲ ﺩﺭﺍﺳﺔ ﻣﺎ ﻗﺒﻞ ﺍﳉﺪﻭﻯ‬:‫ﺛﺎﻧﻴﺎﹰ‬

 
 xj
Minimize Z = ∑ i=1 Pk(di-+ di+ )
m

 subject to : : 
∑ CijXj + di -di = bi
- +

∑ nj=1 Xj = α
and
 
Xj = 1 

Xj = 0 
di-,di+ > 0
k = 1,2,3,..., K i = 1,2,3,...,m j = 1,2,3,...,n
 
 Z


 Pk
 bidi-
 bidi+
biCij
 biXj
 jXj
 
 bi
 α
‫ ﻃﺮﻳﻘﺔ ﺣﻞ ﺍﻟﻨﻤﻮﺫﺝ‬:‫ﺛﺎﻟﺜﺎ‬

(Lee and Morris, 1977) Implicite 

(Bitran, 1979) Bitran's algorithm)enumeration


 Schniederjans, 1984


 
Schniederjans 
 (1984), p.103
  
 
 


 


Schniederjans (1984), p.98


 
X j − d i+ = 1, X j − d i− = 0

‫ ﺣﺎﻟﺔ ﺗﻮﺿﻴﺤﻴﺔ‬: ‫ﺎ‬‫ﺭﺍﺑﻌ‬




 
‫ ﺍﳌﺸﻜﻠﺔ‬-‫ﺃ‬


 
 



 

 
‫ ﺗﻄﻮﻳﺮ ﺍﻟﻨﻤﻮﺫﺝ‬-‫ﺏ‬

 

 
 Schniederjans and Fowler (1989)


‫ ﻗﻴﺪ ﻣﻌﻴﺎﺭ ﻧﺴﺒﺔ ﺍﻷﺭﺑﺎﺡ ﺇﱃ ﺭﺃﺱ ﺍﳌﺎﻝ ﺍﳌﺴﺘﺜﻤﺮ‬-١





 

8.9X1 + 11.5X2 + 5.9X3 + 18.6X4 + 13.0X5 + 7.8X6 + 15.8X7 + 22.0X8 + 16.0X9 +


10.9X10 + 6.8X11 + 17.3X12 + 19.7X13 + 6.7X14 + 9.8X15 + 5.0X16 + 11.8X17 + 21.0X18 +
dl- - dl+ = 250



 
‫ ﻗﻴﺪ ﻣﻌﻴﺎﺭ ﺗﺸﻐﻴﻞ ﺍﻟﻌﻤﺎﻟﺔ‬-٢


 
110.000X1 + 140.000X2 + 90.000X3 + 170.000X4 + 240.000X5 + 150.000X6 +
300.000X7 + 250.000X8 + 120.000X9 + 130.000X10 + 95.000X11 + 150.000X12 +
180.000X13 + 145.000X14 + 100.000X15 + 70.000X16 + 152.000X17 + 300.000X18 + d2- -
d2+ = 1,700.000 

‫ ﻗﻴﺪ ﻣﻌﻴﺎﺭ ﻧﺴﺒﺔ ﺍﺳﺘﺨﺪﺍﻡ ﺍﳌﻮﺍﺩ ﺍﻷﻭﻟﻴﺔ ﺍﶈﻠﻴﺔ‬-٣






 
5X1 + 10X2 + 70X3 + 30X4 + 11X5 + 14X6 + 22X7 + 30X8 + 15X9 + 10X10 + 45X11 +
35X12 + 80X13 + 67X14 + 80X15 + 20X16 + 65X17 + 60X18 + d3- - d3+ = 500



 
           

X18 X17X16X15X14X13X12X11X10 X9 X8 X7 X6 X5 X4 X3 X2 X1   

250 21 11.8 5 9.8 6.7 19.717.3 16 6.8 16 22 15.87.8 13 18.6 5.9 1.5 8.9   
1700 300 52 70 100 145 180 150 120 95 120250 300150240 170 90 140 110   
500 60 65 20 80 67 80 35 15 45 15 32 22 14 11 30 70 10 5   
500 90 60 85 20 15 0 0 15 10 15 30 0 5 10 36 40 30 20   
250 20 40 60 18 13 115 2 5 2 5 16 11 7 19 17 24 12 18   
180 0 0 13 0 0 80 45 0 12 0 18 7 5 21 0 15 30 0   
100 0 0 3 0 0 3 5 0 2 0 3 2 1 6 0 2 4 0   
50 0 0 0 70 10 20 30 10 40 10 0 0 5 10 0 8 0 0   
10 3 2 1 2 1 1 1 3 1 3 4 5 3 2 1 5 4 2   
50 3 5 1 1 2 3 4 2 3 2 2 1 2 1 5 3 4 4    
50 2 5 2 2 3 1 2 3 2 3 4 3 5 5 1 2 3 3    
500 60 70 85 95 100 100 85 55 85 55 70 65 100 75 80 90 100 95    
50 1 2 1 1 2 2 3 5 3 5 3 1 1 4 2 3 5 4    
1500 480 310 95 190 120 500 354 180 310180270 124130160 150 125 170 110    
  
 
 5151
 
Schniederjans and Fowler, 1990, P.341

‫ ﻣﻌﻴﺎﺭ ﻧﺴﺒﺔ ﺍﻟﺘﺼﻨﻴﻊ ﺍﶈﻠﻲ ﻵﻻﺕ ﻭﻣﻌﺪﺍﺕ ﺍﳌﺸﺮﻭﻉ‬-٤



 
20X1 + 30X2 + 40X3 + 36X4 + 10X5 + 5X6 + 0X7 + 30X8 + 15X9 + 70X10 + 10X11 +
0X12 + 0X13 + 15X14 + 20X15 + 85X16 + 60X17 + 90X18 + d4- - d4+ = 500

‫ ﻣﻌﻴﺎﺭ ﻣﺴﺎﳘﺔ ﺍﳌﺸﺮﻭﻉ ﰲ ﺇﺣﻼﻝ ﺍﻟﻮﺍﺭﺩﺍﺕ‬- ٥



 
18X1 + 12X2 + 24X3 + 17X4 + 19X5 + 7X6 + 11X7 + 16X8 + 5X9 + 9X10 + 2X11 + 14X12
+ 11.5X13 + 13X14 + 18X15 + 60X16 + 40X17 + 20X18 + d5- - d5+ = 250

‫ ﻣﻌﻴﺎﺭ ﻣﺴﺎﳘﺔ ﺍﳌﺸﺮﻭﻉ ﰲ ﺗﻮﻓﲑ ﺃﻭ ﺍﺳﺘﺠﻼﺏ ﺍﻟﻌﻤﻼﺕ ﺍﻷﺟﻨﺒﻴﺔ‬-٦




 
0X1 + 30X2 + 15X3 + 0X4 + 21X5 + 5X6 + 7X7 + 18X8 + 0X9 + 0X10 + 12X11 + 45X12 +
80X13 + 0X14 + 0X15 + 13X16 + 0X17 + 0X18 + d6- - d6+ = 100

‫ ﻣﻌﻴﺎﺭ ﻣﺴﺎﳘﺔ ﺍﳌﺸﺮﻭﻉ ﰲ ﺗﻨﻤﻴﺔ ﺍﻟﺼﺎﺩﺭﺍﺕ‬-٧



 
0X1 + 4X2 + 2X3 + 0X4 + 6X5 + 1X6 + 2X7 + 3X8 + 0X9 + 0X10 + 2X11 + 5X12 + 3X13 +
0X14 + 0X15 + 3X16 + 0X17 + 0X18 + d7- - d7+ = 100

‫ ﻣﻌﻴﺎﺭ ﺍﺟﺘﺬﺍﺏ ﺭﺅﻭﺱ ﺍﻷﻣﻮﺍﻝ ﺍﻟﻌﺮﺑﻴﺔ ﻭﺍﻷﺟﻨﺒﻴﺔ‬-٨




 
0X1 + 0X2 + 8X3 + 0X4 + 10X5 + 5X6 + 0X7 + 0X8 + 10X9 + 0X10 + 40X11 + 30X12 +
20X13 + 10X14 + 70X15 + 0X16 + 0X17 + 0X18 + d8- - d8+ = 50


‫ ﻣﻌﻴﺎﺭ ﺗﻠﻮﺙ ﺍﻟﺒﻴﺌﺔ‬-٩






 
2X1 + 4X2 + 5X3 + 1X4 + 2X5 + 3X6 + 5X7 + 4X8 + 3X9 + 2X10 + 1X11 + 1X12 + 1X13 +
1X14 + 2X15 + 1X16 + 2X17 + 3X18 + d9- - d9+ = 10

‫ ﻣﻌﻴﺎﺭ ﻣﺴﺎﳘﺔ ﺍﳌﺸﺮﻭﻉ ﰲ ﺗﻠﺒﻴﺔ ﺍﳊﺎﺟﺎﺕ ﺍﻷﺳﺎﺳﻴﺔ‬-١٠







 
4X1 + 4X2 + 3X3 + 5X4 + 1X5 + 2X6 + 1X7 + 2X8 + 2X9 + 1X10 + 3X11 + 4X12 + 3X13 +
2X14 + 1X15 + 1X16 + 5X17 + 3X18 + d10- - d10+ = 10

‫ ﻣﻌﻴﺎﺭ ﻣﺴﺎﳘﺔ ﺍﳌﺸﺮﻭﻉ ﰲ ﺍﻟﺘﻮﺍﺯﻥ ﺍﻹﻗﻠﻴﻤﻲ‬-١١






 
3X1 + 3X2 + 2X3 + 1X4 + 5X5 + 5X6 + 3X7 + 4X8 + 3X9 + 2X10 + 2X11 + 1X12 + 1X13 +
3X14 + 2X15 + 2X16 + 5X17 + 2X18 + d11- - d11+ = 50

‫ ﻣﻌﻴﺎﺭ ﻧﺴﺒﺔ ﺍﻟﻌﻤﺎﻟﺔ ﺍﻟﻮﺍﻓﺪﺓ ﺇﱃ ﺇﲨﺎﱄ ﻋﺪﺩ ﺍﳌﺸﺘﻐﻠﲔ‬-١٢








 
95X1 + 100X2 + 90X3 + 80X4 + 70X5 + 100X6 + 65X7 + 70X8 + 55X9 + 75X10 + 85X11
+ 95X12 + 100X13 + 100X14 + 95X15 + 85X16 + 70X17 + 60X18 + d12- - d12+ = 500

‫ ﻣﻌﻴﺎﺭ ﻣﻌﺎﻣﻞ ﺍﻻﺭﺗﺒﺎﻁ ﻣﻊ ﺍﻟﺼﻨﺎﻋﺎﺕ ﺍﻟﻘﺎﺋﻤﺔ‬-١٣






 

 
4X1 + 5X2 + 3X3 + 2X4 + 4X5 + 1X6 + 1X7 + 3X8 + 5X9 + 4X10 + 3X11 + 3X12 + 2X13 +
2X14 + 1X15 + 1X16 + 2X17 + 1X18 + d13- - d13+ = 50

(‫ )ﺍﳌﻴﺰﺍﻧﻴﺔ ﺍﳌﺘﺎﺣﺔ ﲟﻼﻳﲔ ﺍﻟﺮﻳﺎﻻﺕ‬:‫ ﻗﻴﺪ ﺭﺃﺱ ﺍﳌﺎﻝ ﺍﳌﺴﺘﺜﻤﺮ‬-١٤




 
110X1 + 170X2 + 125X3 + 150X4 + 160X5 + 130X6 + 124X7 + 270X8 + 180X9 + 210X10
+ 310X11 + 354X12 + 500X13 + 120X14 + 190X15 + 95X16 + 310X17 + 480X18 + d14- -
d14+ = 1500

‫ ﻗﻴﺪ ﻋﺪﺩ ﺍﳌﺸﺮﻭﻋﺎﺕ ﺍﻟﱵ ﳚﺐ ﺍﺧﺘﻴﺎﺭﻫﺎ‬-١٥




 α
X1 + X2 + X3 + X4 + X5 + X6 + X7 + X8 + X9 + X10 + X11 +X12 + X13 + X14 + X15 + X16
+ X17 + X18 = 10


‫ ﻗﻴﺪ ﻋﺪﺩ ﺍﳌﺸﺮﻭﻋﺎﺕ ﰲ ﺻﻨﺎﻋﺔ ﺍﻷﻏﺬﻳﺔ‬-١٦


X1 + X2 + X3 + X4 ≤ 2
‫ ﻗﻴﺪ ﻋﺪﺩ ﺍﳌﺸﺮﻭﻋﺎﺕ ﰲ ﺻﻨﺎﻋﺔ ﺍﻷﺛﺎﺙ‬-١٧
X5 + X6 + X7 + X8 + X9 + X10 ≤ 2
‫ ﻗﻴﺪ ﻋﺪﺩ ﺍﳌﺸﺮﻭﻋﺎﺕ ﰲ ﺻﻨﺎﻋﺔ ﺍﻟﺒﺘﺮﻭﻛﻴﻤﺎﻭﻳﺎﺕ‬-١٨
X11 +X12 + X13 + X14 + X15 ≤ 4
‫ ﻗﻴﺪ ﻋﺪﺩ ﺍﳌﺸﺮﻭﻋﺎﺕ ﰲ ﺻﻨﺎﻋﺔ ﻣﻮﺍﺩ ﺍﻟﺒﻨﺎﺀ‬-١٩
X16 + X17 + X18 ≤ 2


 

.‫ﺍ‬‫ﺍ ﺃﻭ ﻭﺍﺣﺪ‬‫( ﳚﺐ ﺃﻥ ﺗﺴﺎﻭﻱ ﺇﻣﺎ ﺻﻔﺮ‬Xj) ‫ ﻛﻞ ﻣﺘﻐﲑﺍﺕ ﺍﻟﻘﺮﺍﺭ‬-٢٠


‫ ﺩﺍﻟﺔ ﺍﳍﺪﻑ‬-‫ﺝ‬

 
  P1
  P2
  P3
  P4
  P5
 P6
  P7
 P8
 P9
  P10
 P11
  P12
  P13
  P14


 

Minimize Z = P1 d1- + P2 d2+ + P3 d3- + P4 d4- + P5 d5- + P6 d6- + P7 d7- + P8


d8- + P9 d9+ + P10 d10- + P11 d11- + P12 d12+ + P13 d13- + P14 d14+ 

‫ ﺍﻟﻨﺘﺎﺋﺞ ﻭﺍﳌﻨﺎﻗﺸﺔ‬- ٤



 








 

‫ ﻧﺘﺎﺋﺞ ﳕﻮﺫﺝ ﺑﺮﳎﺔ ﺍﻷﻫﺪﺍﻑ ﺍﻟﺜﻨﺎﺋﻴﺔ‬-١



 Micromanager 

X11, X15, X2, X17, X9, X12, X4, X13, X18, X8
α
 
P6P2
P14P8
 


(P1) ‫ﻧﺴﺒﺔ ﺍﻷﺭﺑﺎﺡ ﺇﱃ ﺭﺃﺱ ﺍﳌﺎﻝ ﺍﳌﺴﺘﻤﺮ‬





 
 
 
        
    bj  
 
9.55 955 250    
P1
0 0 1700 P2    
5 50 500 P3    
20.9 209 500 P4    
9.45 94.50 250 P5    
0 0 180 P6    
8.3 83 100 P7    
0 0 50 P8    
1.2 12 10 P9    
1.8 18 50 P10   
2.6 26 50 P11   
31.0 310 500 P12   
2.3 23 50 P13   
 0  0  1500  P14   
  
 
 1) X8 4)X4 7) X17 10) X11
2) X18 5) X12 8) X2
3) X13 6) X9 9) X15




 
 PK2
  Pk2α  
  
 
α=10 α=10 α=9 α=8 α=7 α=6 α=5 α=4 α=3 α=2 α=1  Xj
4 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 0 0 0 X1
1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 X2
- 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 X3
- 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 X4
3 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 0 0 X5
- 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 X6
- 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 X7
- 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 X8
2 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 0 X9
- 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 X10
6 1 1 1 1 1 0 0 0 0 0 X11
5 1 1 1 1 1 1 0 0 0 0 X12
10 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 X13
8 1 1 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 X14
- 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 X15
9 1 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 X16
7 1 1 1 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 X17
- 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 X18
 Xj
 Xj

(P3) ‫ﻧﺴﺒﺔ ﺍﺳﺘﺨﺪﺍﻡ ﺍﳌﻮﺍﺩ ﺍﻷﻭﻟﻴﺔ ﺍﶈﻠﻴﺔ‬




 
(P4) ‫ﻧﺴﺒﺔ ﺍﻟﺘﺼﻨﻴﻊ ﺍﶈﻠﻲ ﻵﻻﺕ ﻭﻣﻌﺪﺍﺕ ﺍﳌﺸﺮﻭﻉ‬



 


(P5) ‫ﻣﺴﺎﳘﺔ ﺍﳌﺸﺮﻭﻉ ﰲ ﺇﺣﻼﻝ ﺍﻟﻮﺍﺭﺩﺍﺕ‬





 
(P7) ‫ﻣﺴﺎﳘﺔ ﺍﳌﺸﺮﻭﻉ ﰲ ﺗﻨﻤﻴﺔ ﺍﻟﺼﺎﺩﺭﺍﺕ‬


 
(P9) ‫ﺗﺄﺛﲑ ﺍﳌﺸﺮﻭﻉ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺗﻠﻮﺙ ﺍﻟﺒﻴﺌﺔ‬







 
(P10) ‫ﻣﺴﺎﳘﺔ ﺍﳌﺸﺮﻭﻉ ﰲ ﺗﻠﺒﻴﺔ ﺍﳊﺎﺟﺎﺕ ﺍﻷﺳﺎﺳﻴﺔ‬


 
(P11) ‫ﻣﺴﺎﳘﺔ ﺍﳌﺸﺮﻭﻉ ﰲ ﺍﻟﺘﻮﺍﺯﻥ ﺍﻻﻗﻠﻴﻤﻲ‬

 

(P12) ‫ﻧﺴﺒﺔ ﺍﻟﻌﻤﺎﻟﺔ ﺍﻟﻮﺍﻓﺪﺓ ﺇﱃ ﺇﲨﺎﱄ ﻋﺪﺩ ﺍﳌﺸﺘﻐﻠﲔ‬


 

(P13) ‫ﺍﻻﺭﺗﺒﺎﻁ ﻣﻊ ﺍﻟﺼﻨﺎﻋﺎﺕ ﺍﻷﺧﺮﻯ‬






 

α


X14, X16, X13, X, Pk2
Pk3X9, X5, X1, X12, X11, X17


Pk2
 
X2
X9
 X5 

‫ ﻣﻘﺎﺭﻧﺔ ﻧﺘﺎﺋﺞ ﺑﺮﳎﺔ ﺍﻷﻫﺪﺍﻑ ﺍﻟﺜﻨﺎﺋﻴﺔ ﻣﻊ ﻧﺘﺎﺋﺞ ﻃﺮﻳﻘﺔ ﲣﺼﻴﺺ ﺍﻷﻭﺯﺍﻥ‬-٢



 





 
 
 
        
     
pk3 pk2 pk1
1:x17 P1 1:x2 P1 1:x8 P1    
2:x6 P2 2:x9 P2 2:x18 P2    
3:x5 P3 3:x5 P3 3:x13 P3    
4:x2 P4 4:x1 P4 4:x4 P4    
5:x1 P5 5:x12 P5 5:x12 P5    
6:x14 P6 6:x11 P6 6:x9 P6    
7:x11 P7 7:x17 P7 7:x17 P7    
8:x15 P8 8:x14 P8 8:x2 P8    
9:x15 P9 9:x16 P9 9:x15 P9    
10:x12 P10 10:x13 P10 10:x11 P10    
 P11  P11  P11    
 P12  P12  P12    
 P13  P13  P13    
 P14  P14  P14    
        
 Pk1
 Pk3, Pk2

 
 
 
Pk2
 

0.85 0.900.95 1.0 
 0.600.65 0.700.750.80
0.40 0.45 0.560.55
 0.35







 



 




 




α
 


 
  
         
       
29 50 21 33 50 17  
182 250 68 171 250 73  
85 100 15 79 100 21  
424 500 76 334 500 166  
425 500 75 430 500 70  
183.3 250 66.7 416.5 250 83.5  
35 50 15 36 50 14  
35 50 15 36 50 14  
84 180 96 +14 180 194  
940 1700 760 740 1700 960  
80 500 420 60 500 440  
00 50 50 +10 50 60  
+2 10 12 +2 10 12  
526 1500 974 46 1500 1454  
 
1: X13, 2: X12, 3: X5, 4: X2, 5: X8
 
1: X2, 2: X9, 3: X5, 4: X1, 5: X12

‫ﺍﳋﻼﺻﺔ‬







 



 
 



 
‫ﺷﻜﺮ ﻭﻋﺮﻓﺎﻥ‬



 
‫ﺍﳌﺮﺍﺟﻊ‬
‫ ﺍﳌﺮﺍﺟﻊ ﺍﻟﻌﺮﺑﻴﺔ‬: ‫ﺃﻭﻻ‬
‫ ﳏﻤﺪ‬،‫ﺍﳊﻨﺎﻭﻱ‬
 
 ‫ ﺻﺒﺤﻲ‬،‫ﻃﻪ‬
‫ ﲰﲑ ﳏﻤﺪ‬،‫ﻋﺒﺪﺍﻟﻌﺰﻳﺰ‬
 
  ‫ ﻛﻤـﺎﻝ ﺃﲪـﺪ‬،‫ﻋﺴﻜﺮ‬
 

‫ ﺍﳌﺮﺍﺟﻊ ﺍﻷﺟﻨﺒﻴﺔ‬: ‫ﺛﺎﻧﻴﺎ‬
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

Selecting Projects at the Pre-Feasibility Study Stage:


An Application of Zero-One Goal Programming Approach

ABDALLAH SULAIMAN AL-AZZAZ


Quantitative Methods Department
Faculty of Administration and Economics
King Saud University,
Melaida, Qasseem, Saudi Arabia

ABSTRACT. This paper presents a generalized model for selecting projects at the pre
feasibility stage using a linear zero-one goal programming technique and demonstrates
its application using a case example. The case example involves multiple social,
environmental, and economic criteria that are used for selecting candidate projects to be
considered at the feasibility study stage of the project selection process. The decision
maker's preferences on the project portfolio considered is demonstrated through varying
the priority structure and the number of projects to be selected. The model is solved by
the branch and bound procedure. The model is shown to be an adequate available
decision making tool to support planners in developing countries.

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