@ @Z@ba@@ba@
@@
@ @ba@@b@c

ba@pbi@jma@ba

na@ba@a

@@ba@@a@pbna

@ @ana@a@pbm
@ @bja@paba

@@
@@
@@
Prof : Boudoula lahcen

2006/2007

@ @na@bza@a@@ba@
@ @ba@

" " .mol :

) (... NA
NA :

. NA = 6,02.1023 mol1

N :

N
NA

= .n

m
n m X ) M(X :
)M(X
g ) M(X .( g/mol
m .V
=
V :
M M
g/mol V L .( g/L

V
V :
Vm

= ). n n mol m

= ). n n mol ) M(X

= n Vm

. L /mol :
:

p.V = n.R.T :

p . Pa :

V . m3 :
n . mol :

T = + 273 ) . K : .( C
. R = 8,31 Pa.m3 .K 1 .mol1

R :

X V n = [ X ] .V : ] [ X
. mol/L

@ @na@ba
@@

.
) ( :
+
H2 0
m
Mm X p(S)
) m.Mp(aq
)+ p.X (aq

2006/2007

Prof : Boudoula lahcen

.

n
C :
V

= C n V ) (.

)n(X
] [ X X :
V
V .

= ] [ x ) n(X X

@ @a@@a
@@

G R :

1
R

= ) . G

] [ siemens .( S
:

1
R

. U = R.I I = .U = G.U :

I
U

= ) . G

I A .( V

U

V
GBF


I

S





L

). S .( L
A

S
L

. G = .

S /m ) ( .

p Xi ] . [ X i
p

2006/2007

] = 1 .[ X 1 ] + 2 . [ X 2 ] + ...... + p . X p = i .[ Xi
i=1

Prof : Boudoula lahcen

i . S.m2 /mol ] [ Xi

. mol/m3

): 25C ( 102 mol/L

)(S.m2 /mol

)(S.m2 /mol

OH

198,6.104

H3O +

349,8.104

Br

78,1.104

K+

73,5.104

76, 8.104

Na+

50,1.10 4

Cl

76,3.104

NH+4

73,5.104

55, 4.104

Li+

38, 7.104

NO3

71, 4.104

Cs +

77,3.104

CH3COO

40,9.104

Ag+

61,9.104

@ @@b
@ @Za@na
. .1 25C P = 1,013.105 Pa :
) C2H6O (.
) Pb (.

) O2 (.
. n = 0,1 mol :
. Vm = 24L /mol
:
:

. = 0, 789g/ cm3

. = 11,34g/ cm3
:
.2 20% 80% .
1.2 O2 N2 V = 1L 25C
. P = 1,013.105 Pa
M(O) = 16g/mol
,
2.2 . M(N) = 14g/mol :
.3 . C = 2,06mol/L
1.3 . V = 1L
2.3 Vt Veau .

2006/2007

Prof : Boudoula lahcen

@ @Z@bra@@na
V = 485mL CH4 T = 313K
. p = 954,2.102 Pa
.1 .
.2 . :
:

. R = 8,31 Pa.m3 .K 1 .mol1

. M(CH4 ) = 16g/mol

@ @Z@sbra@@na
S V = 250mL m = 1, 665g CaCl2 .
.1 CaCl2 .
. M(CaCl2 ) = 111,1g/mol
.2 C . S :

.3 Ca2+ Cl . S
.4 V ' = 20mL S1
. V1 = 500mL Ca2+ Cl . S1

@ @Z@iaa@@na

V1 = 100mL S1 ) (K + + I C1 = 0, 25mol/L
V2 = 150mL S2 m = 1,86g . KCl
. M(K) = 39, 1g/mol : . M(Cl) = 35, 5g/mol

@ @Z@ba@@na
30% ) . NaOH 100g
30g (.

) . d = 1,33

sol
eau

sol eau = 1kg/L (.

. M(NaOH) = 40g/mol
C . :
@ @Z@ba@@na
Fe2O3 III CO :
3Fe2 O3 + CO 2Fe3O 4 + CO2

n0 (Fe2O3 ) = 8,52.103 mol . n0 (CO) = 5,21.103 mol

.1 . x
.2 .
@ @Z@iba@@na
.
2006/2007

Prof : Boudoula lahcen

=d

 U I
:

U
V

10 4

5.10 4

10 3

5.10 3

)C(mol/L

6, 9

6, 9

6, 9

5,9

)U(V

0, 44

2,3

4,6

19,5

)I(mA

) (Na+ + Cl

. G = 1,2mS
.1 ). G = f(C
.2 . G = 1,2mS

@ @Z@bra@@na
U
U = 5, 42V . I = 2, 74mA
:
.1
.2 .
@ @Z@bna@@na
20C . = 1,17 S /m : C = 0,1mol/L
. G = 31,1 mS
. L = 1cm S
.
@ @Z@ba@@na
25C V = 250mL n(K + ) = 1,54.104 mol
n(Na+ ) = 1,12.104 mol . Cl
.1 .
.2 . mol/m3
.3 .
.4 G S = 1, 2cm2 . L = 9, 5mm
.5 . H3O +
1.5 C .
2.5 . C
3.5 G .
4.5 .4
:
25C :
2006/2007

Prof : Boudoula lahcen

Na+ = 50,1.104 S.m2 .mol1

= 349, 8.104 S.m2 .mol1

K+ = 73,5.104 S.m2 .mol1

Cl = 76,3.104 S.m2 .mol1

+
3O

@ @Z@@ba@na

25C V1 = 100mL S1 ) (K + + Cl
V2 = 100mL S2 ) . (Na+ + NO3 . C = 1,25.103 mol/L

.1 1 2 .
.2 . . mol/m3
.3 .
.4 1 2 .
:
Na+ = 50,1.104 S.m2 .mol1

K+ = 73,5.104 S.m2 .mol1

NO = 71, 4.104 S.m2 .mol1

Cl = 76,3.104 S.m2 .mol1

@ @Z@@bra@na

25C V1 = 100mL S1 ) (K + + Br

C1 = 1,08.103 mol/L V2 = 200mL S2 ) (Na+ + I

. C2 = 9, 51.104 mol/L . V = V1 + V2 :
.1 .
.2 . mol/m3
.3 .
.4 1 2 S1 S2 .
.5 C1 C2 V1 V2 V .
.6 1 2 C1 C2 V1 V2
:
Na+ = 50,1.104 S.m2 .mol1

K+ = 73,5.104 S.m2 .mol1

I = 76,3.104 S.m2 .mol1

Br = 76,8.104 S.m2 .mol1

@ @Z@@sbra@na

25C V1 = 100mL S1 ) ( Ag+ + NO3

C1 = 5.104 mol/L V2 = 200mL S2 ) (Na+ + Cl

. C2 = 200mL
.1 . .
2006/2007

Prof : Boudoula lahcen

 .2
.3 .
.4 .
.5 .
.6 .
:
Na+ = 50,1.104 S.m2 .mol1

ag+ = 61, 9.104 S.m2 .mol1

NO = 71, 4.104 S.m2 .mol1

Cl = 76,3.104 S.m2 .mol1

@ @ba@a@pbna

H+ . H+

- A1H/ A1
A2H/ A2 :

A 1H A 1 + H +
A 2 + H + A 2 H
A 1H + A 2 A 1 + A 2 H

-

.
AH/ A : AH A .
:

. AH A + H+

. :
H3O+ H2 O + H+

: H3O+ /H2O

H2 O OH + H+

: H2O / OH

@ @@b
@ @Za@na
- :
.1

H3O+ /H2 O

.2

.4

NH+4 /NH3

C6H5 COOH/ C6H5 COO .5

2006/2007

CH3COOH/ CH3COO .3

HNO3 /NO3

.6

H2SO 4 /HSO4

Prof : Boudoula lahcen

@ @Zbra@na
.
- .
. .1

)HSO4(aq) + H2 O(l) SO24(aq) + H3O+(aq

. .2

)H2 CO 4(aq) + OH(aq

) HCO3(aq
)+ H2 O(l

. .3

)HNO3(l) + OH(aq
) NO3(aq
)+ H2O(l

. .4

+
)H3O(aq
)+ Cl(aq
)+ Na(aq
)+ OH(aq
) 2H2 O(l) + Cl(aq
)+ Na(aq

@ @Zsbra@na
V0 = 500mL .
. VS = 300mL
.1
.2
.3 .
.4 ) ) n0 (HCl(g .
.5 xmax .

+
). Cl(aq
) H3O(aq
.6

. Vm = 24L /mol

@ @Ziaa@na
A m = 0,27g

) NH4 Cl(S VA = 100mL .

B VB = 100mL . CB = 0,2mol/L
.1 .

.2 ) NH+4(aq . A

) OH(aq .
.3 mB B

. .4
1.4 V = 20mL B . A .
2.4 .
3.4 .

+
) Cl(aq .
) OH(aq
) Na(aq
4.4 ) NH+4(aq

)NH+4(aq) /NH3(aq

); H2O(l) / OH(aq

M(NaOH) = 40g/mol ; M(NH4 Cl) = 53,5g/mol

@ @Z@ba@na
:
2006/2007

Prof : Boudoula lahcen

HCl

d = 1, 12

25%

M=36,5g/mol
:
.1 ) HCl(g V = 1L .
. Vm = 24L /mol

.2 VHCl . :

@ @ana@@a@pbm

: .
. .

.
.

:
. Ox /red
Ox + n.e red

:
n .

:

H2 O
H+

Ox 1 /red1 Ox 2 /red2
:
Ox 1 + n1 .e red1

Ox 1 :

red2 Ox 2 + n2 .e

red2 :
:

( Ox1 + n1.e red1 ) n2

(red2 Ox2 + n2 .e ) n1

n2 .Ox 1 + n1 .red2 n2 .red1 + n1 .Ox 2

2006/2007

10

Prof : Boudoula lahcen

@ @@b
@@
@ @Z@a@na
:
3+
)Al(aq
/ Al(S) .1

O2 (g)/H2O(l) .2

)S2O6(aq
)/ S2 O23(aq
.3

2+
)MnO4(aq) /Mn(aq
.4

2+
)Fe(aq
/Fe(S) .5

3+
)Cr2O27(aq
)/ Cr(aq
.6

)ClO(aq
)/ Cl(aq
.7

2+
)Cu(aq
/ Cu(S) .8

@ @Z@bra@na
) m0 (Zn V1 = 50mL

2+

) Cu(aq C1 = 1mol/L .
)+ SO24(aq

.1
.2 . .
.3 . .
.4 ) m0 (Zn 1/ 3 .
.5 ) m ( Cu .
M(Cu) = 63,5g/ mol M(Zn) = 65, 4g/mol
:
@ @Z@sbra@na
m = 0, 65g

) Al(S V

) H(aq . C = 2mol/L
)+ Cl(aq

3+
+
) . Al(aq .
) H(aq )/ Al(S
.1 )/H2(g

.2 .
.3 V .
.4 .
M(Al) = 27g/mol Vm = 24L /mol
:
@ @Z@iaa@na
:

) . ( Na(aq
)+ ClO(aq
V = 10mL )

). ClO(aq
n0 (ClO ) = 4.102 mol

) I(aq
) K(aq
)+ I(aq

. n0 (I ) = 6.102 mol/L

). I2(aq

2006/2007

11

Prof : Boudoula lahcen

) . ClO(aq
)/ Cl(aq
.1

.
.2 .

+
) H(aq .
.3 . ) H2O(l

@ @bja@paba



.
.
: (
) ( )
(.
G . G V
.
:
)G(S

Gq

)V(mL
v q

2006/2007

12

Prof : Boudoula lahcen

E ) G = f(V .
.

@ @Z@jm@

) Na(aq
)+ OH(aq
) OH(aq !" S1

  


")('&34 V1 = 100mL $%2-. /01*+, 6$7 S28!!5

) K C2 = 0,1mol/L .
  H3O(aq
)+ Cl(aq

(=<:; /<>* ?$ G*-@A6$7 V2 0%78!!5<BCDEF01

< G = f(V2 ) GH?HGKDLD5J WI
 

2,5

)G(mS

.1/N I *D KOID >7

( =. 3<* /PQ3 K;  /

3DKOI

1,5

S&  T@KU .2 D5J<G H?H

) K G = f(V2
.3PVIHI, V2q 0%7=
?GKKXY5I

0,5

)V2 (mL
0


 [U .4 Z> D  KOIO
4  BC   V2 0  %7*P  H-

35

30

25

20

15

10

\6K8!!5
2006/2007

13

Prof : Boudoula lahcen


K S1 2 OH(aq)
 
VIHI, .5

@ @Z@a
+
* S ;<
K^ H3O(aq)
/H2 O(l) * S<
6 \] -D KO 3;  /<( =D >7D KOI.1
+

  H3O(aq)
+ OH(aq)
2H2O(l) 



V2q 24, 5mL 



W3_I/K OH(aq)
/H2O(l)

W3XY5IHK0%7P.2
.3

c^HI@A?$ G *><b&= V2q XY5I0%&4 a> V2 0%7 

dDKOI*YC< H3O+ fgdS 3K8!!56\*Yed
*>UGHF!34 V1 = 100mL 0%7;S< OH
KE=QGKjk$3 OH  H3O+ D

I@A?$ G *><b&= V2q XY5I0%&4j V2 0%7 
GPXY5I/-*YC< H3O+ fgdS 3K8!!56\*Yed
;S< OH DXY5I/-Fm(k3*>
fgnXo@A2
KEpKO V1 = 100mL 0%7
WDKOIO>Z.4
 H

+
(a q )

+ O H

(a q )

2H

( l)

 *P*7   x = 0
  C2 .V2
  C1 .V1
 DKOI   (=X
  C2 .V2 X
  C1 .V1 X
 *qH*7   X = X max   C2 .V2q Xmax = 0   C1 .V1 Xmax = 0

 
 
 

 
 W*r&=

3!PK45tu (k> H/d*!; YGP_*$5YI-N'<3 H2O s<

K*I-1
I-p^:O OH  H3O+ 4DOIvXY5IwYI*qH*7

K C2 .V2q = C1 .V1 = X max 

 WVIHI

WGKDLXY5I=^*/-G$x*-=^*/4.5
  C1 .V1 = C2 .V2q C1 = OH =

C2 .V2q
V1

0,1 24,5
= 2, 45.102 mol/L
100

 

@ @@b
Prof : Boudoula lahcen

14

2006/2007

@ @Z@a@na
V2 = 25mL ) H2CO3(aq C2

+
) K(aq . C1 = 0,1mol/L
)+ MnO4(aq

. V1q = 10mL
2+
) MnO4(aq) /Mn(aq
:

). H2CO3(aq) / C2O4H2(aq
.1

.
.

.3

) H2CO3(aq ) MnO4(aq . C2

.2

.4 m V = 300mL .
. m
:
; M(O) = 16g/mol

M(C) = 12g/mol ; M(H) = 1g/mol

@ @Z@bra@na
C2 ) SO2(aq ) (S1
V2 = 25mL ) (S2
) I2(aq . C1 = 7,8.103 mol/L

V1q = 6,1mL ) . (S2

.1 .

)SO24(aq
.2 )/ SO2(aq

) I2(aq) /I(aq .

.3 . . Xmax
.4 . C2
) SO42 ( aq ) / SO 2 ( aq ) ; I 2 ( aq ) / I ( aq
:
@ @Z@sbra@na

2+
) Fe(aq S1 V1 = 20mL
C1

+
) K(aq
)+ MnO4(aq

. C2 = 3.102 mol/L . V2q = 25mL

3+
2+
) Fe(aq
)/Fe(aq
.1 :
2+
). MnO4(aq) /Mn(aq

.2 .
.3 . C1
2006/2007

15

Prof : Boudoula lahcen

@ @Z@iaa@na

. d = 1 ,83 :
:

P = 95%

S0

) H 2 SO4 ( aq

) 100 g

95 g

H 2 SO4

(.

:
. M = 98 ,1 g .mol 1
.1 C0 . S 0
.2 .
- ) H 2 SO4 ( aq .
- V 0 S 0 S V = 250 mL
. C = 0 ,1mol .L1
- . S
.3 ) H 2 ( g
:
-
. II
-
) H2( g
m = 0 ,48 g
V 1 = 10 ,0 mL

. S

-
.
- P = 1 ,013.10 5 Pa
) . R = 8 ,314 ( S .I
. = 20 C :

2006/2007

16

Prof : Boudoula lahcen