ONBOARD MAINTENANCE SYSTEM

Purposes
Provide maintenance personnel with an aid to fault

diagnosis further to a complaint of the crew, thus saving time and money in the maintenance of the aircraft
Enabling technology; hosting a wide range of airline-

specific software applications, including cabin information applications, graphical weather depiction, document viewing etc.

Multi Function Computer System (MCFC) ATR72

Multi Function Computer System (MFC)

As fitted to the ATR72

Two independent computers (MFC1 & MFC2) Two independent modules (A & B) Receives signal from all the various systems and system controls Self-test capability to ensure it is operation correctly

MFC Maintenance Panel

Bite Load Indicator

System Selector Switch

Bite Advisory Display PTA/ERS Pushbutton

Test Pushbutton
Data Bus Connector

MFC Control Panel

Located on the overhead panel

Allows the switching on and fault monitoring of the

MFC system

On : (Pushbutton pressed in) Module operates Off : (Pushbutton released) Module stops operating FAULT : Amber light comes on and the CCAS is activated when a malfunction or electrical supply fault is detected.

3 Classes of Faults
Class 1 May have operational consequences on the current flight Class 2 Do not have any operational consequences on the current flight or following flights Class 3 No consequences on aircraft safety or availability Unlike Class 1 and Class 2 faults, these faults are not indicated to the crew

Built-In Test Equipment (BITE)

A part of the computer dedicated for Permanent Monitoring
Internal monitoring Input / Output monitoring

Link Monitoring

Between LRUs within the system

Built-In Test Equipment (BITE)

To meet requirements such as : high reliability Lower repair cycle times To meet constraints such as : Limited technician accessibility Cost of testing during manufacture To minimize the time on the ground needed for

repair To increase the level of safety of the system which contains BIST

Built-In Test Equipment (BITE)

Two types of test : Operational test
Input signals Protection Circuitry Control Circuitry Output Signals Operations BITE Circuitry

Maintenance test

Carried out only when required and when the aircraft is on the ground

Built-In Test Equipment (BITE)

Built-In Test Equipment (BITE)

Built-In Test Equipment (BITE)

Type1 ARINC 429 input and output bus, the input being specific to the CFDS Capable of memorizing data concerning faults detected on a maximum of 64 flights 34 basic and nine optional systems, total 75 units

Built-In Test Equipment (BITE)

Type2 A discrete and an ARINC429 data bus input from the CMC Ten basic systems, total of 19 units Type3 Characterized by discrete inputs and outputs Four basic and one optional system, total of 8 units

Built-In Test Equipment (BITE)

Central Maintenance Computer(CMC)

All faults are recorded in the non-volatile memory Detects faults in two ways :
Internally By monitoring its own operation Externally By another aircraft system which received and monitored information from the faulty system

Multi-purpose Disk Drive Unit (MDDU)

Two functions :
Uploading Data Downloading Data

Built-In Test Equipment (BITE)

Multi-function Control and Display Unit (MCDU) Provides an interface for ACARS Used almost all the times since it is the primary means of operating the aircraft

Built-In Test Equipment (BITE)

Aircraft Communications Addressing and Reporting

Systems (ACARS)

A digital datalink system for transmission of short, relatively simple messages between aircraft and ground stations via radio or satellite

 MCDU menu

differs in report for ON GROUND and IN FLIGHT

Built-In Test Equipment (BITE)

Panel for an aircraft model POSKY Boeing 737-800

with attached MCDU

Air Transport Association ATA

Provide a common referencing standard for all

commercial aircraft documentation The standard numbering system is controlled and published by the Air Transport Association (ATA)

AIRCRAFT GENERAL

Air Transport Association ATA

AIRCRAFT GENERAL
ATA Number Chapter Name

ATA 01
ATA 05 ATA 06 ATA 07 ATA 08 ATA 09

INTRODUCTION
TIME LIMITS/MAINTENANCE CHECKS DIMENSIONS AND AREAS LIFTING AND SHORING LEVELING AND WEIGHING TOWING AND TAXIING PARKING, MOORING, STORAGE AND RETURN TO SERVICE PLACARDS AND MARKINGS SERVICING - ROUTINE MAINTENANCE

ATA 10
ATA 11 ATA 12

Air Transport Association ATA

AIRFRAME SYSTEMS ATA Number ATA 20 ATA Chapter name STANDARD PRACTICES AIRFRAME

ATA 21
ATA 22 ATA 23 ATA 24

AIR CONDITIONING AND PRESSURIZATION

AUTOFLIGHT COMMUNICATIONS ELECTRICAL POWER

ATA 25
ATA 26 ATA 27 ATA 28

EQUIPMENT/FURNISHINGS
FIRE PROTECTION FLIGHT CONTROLS FUEL

ATA 29
ATA 30 ATA 31

HYDRAULIC POWER
ICE AND RAIN PROTECTION INDICATING / RECORDING SYSTEM

Air Transport Association ATA

ATA Number AIRFRAME SYSTEMS ATA 32 ATA 33 ATA 34 ATA 35 ATA 36 ATA 37 ATA 38 ATA 45 ATA 46 ATA 47 ATA 48 ATA 49 ATA 50

ATA Chapter name

LANDING GEAR LIGHTS NAVIGATION OXYGEN PNEUMATIC VACUUM WATER/WASTE DIAGNOSTIC AND MAINTENANCE SYSTEM INFORMATION SYSTEMS NITROGEN GENERATION SYSTEM IN FLIGHT FUEL DISPENSING AIRBORNE AUXILIARY POWER CARGO AND ACCESSORY COMPARTMENTS

Air Transport Association ATA

STRUCTURE
ATA Number ATA 51 ATA 52 ATA Chapter name STANDARD PRACTICES AND STRUCTURES - GENERAL DOORS

ATA 53 ATA 54
ATA 55 ATA 56 ATA 57

FUSELAGE NACELLES/PYLONS
STABILIZERS WINDOWS WINGS

Air Transport Association ATA

ATA Number ATA Chapter name PROPELLERS POWER PLANT ENGINE ENGINE - FUEL AND CONTROL IGNITION BLEED AIR ENGINE CONTROLS ENGINE INDICATING EXHAUST OIL STARTING

POWER -PLANT

ATA 61 ATA 71 ATA 72 ATA 73 ATA 74 ATA 75 ATA 76 ATA 77 ATA 78 ATA 79 ATA 80

Data Loading
Navigation information required by the aircraft

systems is loaded using Data Loaders Capable of downloading thousands of byte of information into the required system in a matter of seconds

Navigation Data Base (NDB)

Describes the environment in which the aircraft

operates Defined via the ARINC 424 standard Normally updated every 28 days, to ensure that its content are current

Navigation Data Base (NDB)

Type of information Approaches
Standard Terminal Arrival Route (STAR) Instrument approach

Waypoints/Intersection Airports Runways Holding Patterns

Maneuver designed to delay an aircraft already in flight while keeping it within a specific airspace Highway in the sky

Airways

Structure Monitoring
Structural health monitoring is an important safety

factor in aviation that might benefit from advanced smart systems for damage sensing and signal processing.

Structure Monitoring
Reasons : Prevent damage and possible hazard to the aircraft following a catastrophic failure Detection of failures before any real damage has occurred Safety issues To adapt operational usage to limit or even stop damage growth

Low Cycle Fatigue

Low cycle fatigue is a term used to describe the

thermal and/or mechanical loading conditions which cause premature failure of materials at less than 20,000 cycles It is important to not have failures of this type for economical and safety reasons

Low Cycle Fatigue

Failure can occur in any area there is metal alloys but

usually in the turbine or compressor sections The choice of metal alloys and the design of engine components are the protection methods

Low Cycle Fatigue

Low Cycle Fatigue Counter (LCFC) receives inputs

from the engine for such parameters as engine speed (NL and NH) of comppresors and turbines

Processes the information to calculate engine damage cycles Damage cycles are not related to actual damage, but more a measure of the component life being consumed by there critical terms.

Health & Usage Monitoring (HUM)

Developed for fixed-wing aircraft, but focuses on rotorcraft, which benefit from a system's ability to record engine and gearbox performance and provide rotor track and balance May also monitor auxiliary power unit usage and

exceedances, and include built-in test and flight data recording (FDR) functions

Health & Usage Monitoring (HUM)

Expected to acquire, analyze, communicate and store

data gathered from sensors and accelerometers that monitor the essential components for safe flight

data allows operators to target pilot training and establish a flight operations and quality assurance (FOQA) program, to determine trends in aircraft operations and component usage

Health & Usage Monitoring (HUM)

Typical parameters monitored Engine Speed Engine Temperature Engine Pressure Engine Torque Accelerations Vibration Levels Aircraft Stress Built-In Test Exceedance / Event Monitoring Rotor Track and Balance (for rotorcrafts)

Central Maintenance System (CMS) A330

Central Maintenance System (CMS)

To facilitate maintenance tasks by directly indication

the fault messages in the cockpit and allowing some specific tests

Central Maintenance System (CMS)

To give maintenance technicians a central

maintenance aid to intervene at system or subsystem level from multipurpose CDUs (Control Display Units) located in their cockpit Two levels of maintenance :

Out-station (line-stop) LRU change At main base (hangar) Trouble-shooting

Components
BITEs of all electronic systems Two fully redundant CMCs (Central Maintenance

Computers) Three MCDUs (Multipurpose Control Display Units)

Also used for :

FMGS (Flight Management and Guidance System) ACMS (Aircraft Conditioning Monitoring System) ATSU, which dialogue with the CMC for information display or initiation tests

One printer

A4 format Cmc2 is use when CMC1 fail.

Normally only CMC1 is in used.

Modes of Operation
Operates in two main modes : In flight, NORMAL or REPORTING mode

In NORMAL mode, the CMS records and permanently displays the failure messages transmitted by each system BITE

On ground, INTERACTIVE or MENU mode

In INTERACTICE mode, the CMS allows the connection of any BITE system with the MCDU, in order to initiate a TEST, or to display the maintenance data stored and formatted by the systems BITE

3 Classes of Failures
Class 1 Failures indicated to the flight crew by means of a flight deck effect Class 2 Failures which can be left uncorrected until the next scheduled maintenance check Maximum delay of 600 Flight Hours Class 3 Failures not indicated to the flight crew, with no fixed time quoted for correction

3 Classes of Failures

Class 3 report & print out

Minimum Equipment List (MEL)

Also known as Master Minimum Equipment List

(MMEL) A categorised list of systems, instruments and equipment on an aircraft which are not required to be operative for flight Any equipment or system which is not included in the MEL must be operative for the aircraft to be allowed to fly

ARINC data buses

ARINC 429 Predominantly use in Airbus aircraft Based upon the integration of data based upon this level data fusion One way communication data bus

One pair of data bus use for transmit data and another pair of data bus use for receive data

ARINC 629 Use in Boeing aircraft Bi-directional data bus for sending and receiving data between multiple avionics LRUs

ARINC 429
Key display elements Display of aircraft system synoptic and status displays available to the flight crew on the ECAM (Electronic Centralised Aircraft Monitor) displays Use of the three CDUs as a man-machine interface for system test and diagnostic purposes

ECAM displays relating to the following provided by

the Display Management Computers (DMCs)

Engines Electrical system APU Hydraulic system Landing gear

Central Maintenance Computing System (CMCS) Boeing 777

Central Maintenance Computing System (CMCS)

Supports both line and extended maintenance

functions through menu selections on the MAT and PMAT Used for :

Monitoring the aeroplanes systems for faults Processing fault information Supplying maintenance information Monitoring Flight Deck Effects (FDE)

Receives maintenance messages from ACMS

(Aeroplane Condition Monitoring System (ACMS), if a fault is detected

Maintenance Access Terminal (MAT)

Display Screen and Controls Selecting and viewing fault data Keyboard Stored when not in use Allows certain entries and controls displayed data Cursor Control Device Receives power supply of 115V AC via the MAINT ACCESS TERMINAL circuit breaker Contains :
Track Ball Selection Keys Brightness Control

Portable Maintenance Access Terminal (PMAT)

Similar functions to MAT

Five PMAT receptacles, located throughout the

aircraft :

MAT Position Electronics Bay Nose Gear Right Main Gear Bay Stabilizer Bay

Flight Deck Effect (FDE)

The airplane systems monitor conditions related to

loss of a system or function. If a condition exists that requires repair or deferral, the airplane system sends FDE data to the AIMS primary display system (PDS). The PDS shows the FDE. Inform the flight and ground crew of the conditions relating to the safe operation of the aircraft FDE data is used along with the aircrafts maintenance to isolate the fault

Airplane Condition Monitoring System (ACMS)

Provides a record of selected airplane systems

performance and flight conditions for maintenance and Flight Data Monitoring purposes The system consists of :

a Digital Flight Data Acquisition Unit a Digital Flight Data Recorder (DFDR) a Quick Access Recorder an accelerometer a Data Management and Entry Panel

Airplane Condition Monitoring System (ACMS)

Accessed through fromats on the MAT, PMAT or the

side displays on the flight deck Used to produce reports of :

Analyse airplane performance Analyse trends Report significant events Troubleshot faults

Receives data from the Airplane Conditioning

Monitoring Function (ACMF)

Airplane Conditioning Monitoring Function (ACMF)

Combination of standard and custom software

method of determining aircraft health through

reporting on aircraft systems such as powerplants and structures Sends data to :

Quick Access Recorder (QAR) Maintenance Access Terminal (MAT) Portable Maintenance Access Terminal (PMAT) MAT or PMAT disk drives Flight deck Side Displays (SD) Data Communication Management Function (DCMF)

Quick Access Recorder (QAR)

Records data sent from the ACMF onto a 3.5ich,

128MB optical disk, holding 41 hours of data An airborne flight data recorder designed to provide quick and easy access to raw flight data QAR is not required on commercial flights and is not designed to survive an accident

Quick Access Recorder (QAR)

Contains two memories : Flash Memory (non-volatile)
Holds configuration data, system data and identification files Send this data to the formatter

Formatter Memory

Arranges the received data, sends it to the cartridge drive circuits

Cartridge Drive Circuits Sends data to the 16bit LCD displays :

Stored Data QAR Menus Test Results Messages

Airplane Information Management System (AIMS)

Collects and calculates large quantities of data and

manages this data for several integrated aircraft systems Used to assemble the necessary data for the CMCS function Two AIMS boxes handle the six primary flight and navigation display

Four Input/Output Modules (IOM) Four Core Processor Modules (CPM)

Airplane Information Management System (AIMS)

IOM Transfer data between the software functions in the AIMS CPMs and external sources CPM 4 types CPM/COMM Communications CPM/ACMF Aircraft Condition Monitoring Function CPM/B Basic CPM/GG Graphics Generator

Flight Compartment Printing System

Supplies high-speed hard copies of text for the

following systems :

Primary Display System (PDS) Airplane Condition Monitoring System (ACMS) Central Maintenance Computing System (CMCS)

Receives data from the print driver partition of the

Data Communication Management Function (DCMF)

Flight Compartment Printing System

DCMF prioritises data sent to the printer in the

following order :

Flight Deck Communication Function (FCDF) of the DCMS Central Maintenance Computing Function (CMCF) of the CMCF Airplane Condition Monitoring Function (ACMF) of the ACMS Multi Function Display (MFD)