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Vol. 19, No.

4, Winter 1390/2012

Changing of major, trace and rare earth elements in alteration zones of


porphyry copper mineralization of Homond area (South Khorasan, Iran)
M.H. Karimpour , A. Malekzadeh
Research Center for Ore Deposit of Eastern Iran, Ferdowsi University of Mashhad

(Received: 2/10/2010, in revised form: 7/1/2011)


Abstract: The Homond Cu-Au porphyry prospecting area is located southwest of Birjand.
Subvolcanic monzonitic to dioritic rocks are highly altered. The main alteration zones are:
quartz-sericite-calcite-pyrite, propylitic and carbonate. The content of major, trace and rare earth
elements (REE) of the rocks changes due to alteration. The changes are less in some such as
TiO2, MnO, P2O5, Nb, Gd, Y, Eu and higher in SiO2, K2O, Na2O, CaO, Al2O3, MgO, TFeO, Ba,
Sr, Rb, Zr, Hf and most of REE. The chemical and mineralogical composition of the rock, type
and intensity of the alteration control the changes. Quartz-sericite-calcite-pyrite alteration made
the following changes in monzonite and diorite. The content of SiO2 and Al2O3 has increased
and the amount of K2O, Na2O, TFeO and MgO are decreased. The changes in CaO content are
being control by the amount of calcite. REE elements are usually lowered. Rb show different
behavior in different intensity. Ba, Sr and Zr are highly depleted. With increasing the intensity
of alteration, the content of Hf has depleted in monzonite and enriched in diorite. In propylitic
alteration zone, the amount of SiO2, K2O and TFeO are decreased in both monzonite and diorite.
The content of Al2O3 and Na2O are decreased and CaO and MgO are increased in monzonite but
in diorite are vice versa. REE elements are enriched in monzonite and depleted in diorite. Rb
shows different behavior with different intensity of alteration. Ba, Sr and Zr are highly depleted.
Hf shows enrichment both in monzonite and diorite. The chemical composition of mozonitic
rocks within carbonate zone show depletion in SiO2, K2O, Na2O, MgO, TFeO, Rb, Sr, Ba, Zr
and Hf and increase in CaO and Al2O3. REE elements are slightly decreased. Chemical
composition of the rocks changes with alteration, therefore classification of the igneous rocks
based on their chemical composition, rock series, Al-index (Shand) and REE pattern, can be
affected. Finding the source of igneous rocks, based on Rb-Sr in altered rock, can be
misleading. Therefore, it is important to select the right rock for studying the petrognesis and
radiogenic isotopes in altered areas.
Keywords: Alteration; changing of elements; rare earth elements; porphyry copper; Homond.

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)/ = * I )/ $ # # =
9 # I)9/ 2> Hf [< \ )/ = -6 K H E f#
H9 > Hf 9*# J[@ . *# "!<= * I R )/
.(ut L[/) )/ = " I # ; %
,

.A < 6( < & 6 )2NU 6% + 6E

6(R

M<"<N(& (

* I A % 6@

& LREE 9O 2G
)9 # I)9/ 92> :2 A ' '
R 9* A 9 6@ 9= U 9 +)/ - * I A % 6@ HREE
R9 )9/ 6@
I)/ 2> J # .(ul L[/) 6/ +)
Gd & Eu Sm 9O 2G 6Y99 9= M99<"<N(& ( 9* I
* I )O sm K# $<= )/ = A 6@ . *# E 6 !
= & +)/ R * A 6@ = =# = U E REE O 2G #)
Tm 9O 2G )92 6/ +)% ! I)/ E "\ < #6
HREE 9 = LREE U 9 J<992^@% .(ul L[99/) Lu & Yb
9* I )9/ J"9 9= 9= (Ce/Yb)N & (La/Yb)N LS
& 9G 9O 2G -)/ i2 = .(x V&)7) )%
-! $# #
Rb )%
- ! A#+ ; A "*6( = U REE K#
=
9[< \ +)9/ 9 R" 9<* K# * I R )/
J9 # . 9*# +)9/ 9# V6Ng A N<*& = A #) = )/

[xu]

)2

= +)/ i2 = REE O 2G # <<PE 17 <76

. . . A %-&K

+ 69E

M9<"<N(& (

? <@

9* I A 9% 9 6@

&

NO# O 2G # <<PE * =

[xw] A#+ 9; "9*6( = +)/ i2 = ? <@

A % *)N H E = ) #+)/ ) # I)<% Q6 "*


)92 @% 9< Sr & Ba 9O 2G .(wm L[9/) I = R<* "(
I)9/ 9 E 9* I )9/ $ # 9 # 9= 9, A % * I
. 9* %KB 6 jB( H9 E 9NG = )2%
- ! A) )/
A 9= )9/ Ba I)9/ 9 E 9 9*# A &a
= eK
+)9/ 9 E 9* I C < Nb Y2G . *# "@
*I
J<92^@% . 9*# "!9<= -a -# 9<
9* I R )/
& #
) # I)/ 2> * I R )/ Y Y2G
& Zr O 2G .)%
- ! I)/ E )O om K# $<= )/
L[9/) )9 #+)9/ "*
)/ = * I )/ $ # # = Hf
.(wm

.A < 6( < & 6 )2NU 6% A+ 6E

E 2=

* I A % 6@

O 2G

- " K } + @/

)N7

= & G O 2G # <<PE 18 <76


.A < 6( < & 6 )2NU 6%

& LREE 9 O 2G
)99 # I)99/ 9 E : Q
Q
R 9* A 9 6@ 9= U 9 +)/ - * I A % 6@ HREE
9O 2G I)9/ 9 E .(uq L[9/) 6/ +) Gd Y2G i=
9*# "!9<= E 92=
* I R )/ = 6@ LREE
HREE 9O 2G I)<%
* I )/ $ # # = [< \
HREE 9O 2G 9<<PE 9[ 6C 9= . 9*# E 6 !9 < =
L[9/) 9*# <T 9 < = R * A 6@ = * I R )/
& (La/Yb)N L9S HREE 9= LREE U 9 J<2^@% .(uq
)9% 9 - ! $ # # * I )/ J" = = (Ce/Yb)N
U 9 REE K# 9 = & G O 2G -)/ i2 = .(x V&)7)
- ! A#+ ; A "*6( =
9* I J@9 K & Rb )%

[xu]

)2

= +)/ i2 = REE O 2G # <<PE 19 <76

-# # * 2/

A+ 69E

E 92=

& * 2/ 6N= Ni

9* I A 9% 9 6@

A & d/ + #KMN

[xw] A#+ ; A "*6( = +)/ i2 = ? <@

*# NG -#)= J # .)% @ - ! +K E A 6@ = U
A % *)N "!<= T % H E K# <* * Rb = )/
< R<* "( # <<PE = c66 J # . *# +)/ J< E R<* "(
"\ & # #6 @%
R" <* K# K # #) = )/
)/ $ # # = Sr & Ba O 2G .(ww L[/) *# +)/ #Ka
H E NG = )%
- ! A) )/ I)/ E * I
Ba I)<%
*# A &a
= eK . * %KB 6 jB(
Y & Nb O 2G # <<PE . *# "@
* I A = )/
* I f#
Zr Y2G . *# + 6= <T
*I C
A = )/
I)/ E J # +)/ I)/ E Q6 "*
J # L G ) #6E -6 K H E . *# "@ -)/ - * I
)/ $ # # = Hf Y2G
< \ J # .)/ = I)<%
L[/) *# +)/ # R" <* = -6,=a A N<*& = * I
)/ = " =#& < A& & ? * 4 O 2G # <<PE .(ww
. *# + 6= 6@ A)<d 6* A %
6\ & AK *

)92NU 6% A+ 69E

6(R

9 <( 8 92= 8 <9* * 8 E #69

}}

O 2G

=& G

O 2G # <<PE 20 <76
.A < 6( < & 6 )2NU 6%

% &' C & ) J &

3 &

S#
= U

I)<% :C ' -C
- &
+)/ - * I A % 6@ HREE & LREE O 2G
LREE O 2G 6
6/
+) R * A 6@
La O 2G 6
I)<% J # .(wu L[/) *# E 6 !
*# +)/ + & # * I )/ $ # # = Sm & Pr Ce
#)2T <f E * I )/ J" = , O 2G
[< \
< = <<PE Eu & Gd O 2G . *# "/#) a <<PE
- - ! * I )2 a
C R * A 6@ = U A <T
"\ .(wu L[/) )2%
)/ $ # # = Eu/Eu* U
= LREE U J<2^@% . *# +)/ + & # @
*I
)/ J" = = (Ce/Yb)N & (La/Yb)N LS HREE
-)/ i2 = .(n V&)7) *# +)/ Q6 "* "!<= * I
- ! A#+ ; A "*6( = U REE K#
= & G O 2G
= -6,=a A N<*& = * I R )/ Rb
)%
#)2T <<PE = )/
[< \
+)/ # R" <*

9* I A % 6@

[xu]

)2

= +)/ i2 = REE O 2G # <<PE 21 <76


.A < 6(
6

. . . A %-&K

8 <9* * 8 E #69

9* I A 9% 9 6@

? <@

&

NO# O 2G # <<PE * =

[xw] A#+ 9; A "*6( = +)/ i2 = ? <@

A 9% 9 6@
9< Cs Y92G .)9% 9@ - ! #)2T <<PE
9"@ 9I & # -# 9< $ # # =
# I)/ 2> - * I
9 )9% 9 - !9 I)9/ 9 E < Nb Y2G . *# +)/
- 92> Y Y92G J<92^@% . *# E 6 !
* I R )/
"!9<= 9* I R )/
I)/ 2> J #
# I)/
- 9 - !9 , )[ = 4[G 1=# Hf & Zr O 2G . *# + 6=
"*
)/ = * I )/ $ # # = Zr [ 6C = )2%
9[< \ )9/ = -69 K H E f# ) #6E J # +)/
. 9*# "!9<= 9* I R )/
# I)/ 2> Hf
9= eK .)/ = " I # ; %
, H > Hf *# J[@
#)92T 9<<PE 9* I )9/ $ # 9 #
*# A &a
.(wn L[/) *# "/#`, Zr I)<%
C6

= )2@% 567 ( A+ " I A < 6( ABC 84 AK *


<N; 8 [%a *#&)\ F<@G @< A %+ 6E K# "/ M
<f E gE
*#
6 E < & 6 )\
A < 6(
L / - * I A %-&K .) # " I # ; A#+ " I * I
<( 8 2= 8 E #6
<( 8 2= 8 <* * 8 E #6
&
<N<* 8M<N j a & M<"<N(& ( M<"<N(& ( 8 <N<*
8 E #6 A %-&K - < J # K#
*# 1*
E 2=
Q " I K# E 2= & M<"<N(& (
<( 8 2= 8 <* *
.) # 6 = A "!<=

O 2G
.A < 6(

- " K } + @/

)N7

= & G O 2G # <<PE 22 <76


6 )2NU 6% + 6E
<( 8 2=

Y92G < & LREE O 2G


I)/ E :2 A ' '
+)9 R 9* A 9 6@ = U +)/ - * I A % 6@ Tb
"!9<= 9* I R9 )9/ = 6@ -a -# <
6/
I)9<%
& 9dE MREE 9O 2G 9= La @* K# & + 6=
9[ 6g = +)/ "@ )E = * I A = & R )/
-# 9<
A 9<<PE * I )/ $ # # = Tb & Sm O 2G
9< & Gd & Eu 9O 2G .(wx L[/) 6/ @ +) I)/ E
- ! R * A 6@ = U
) # I)/ 2> HREE O 2G
M9<"<N(& ( * I R )/
I)/ 2> J # )2%
9 <<PE Lu & Ho Dy )992 9O 2G 9 = . 9*# "!99<=
+K 9E A 9 6@ 9= U -)/ - * I A = )/
#)2T
HREE = LREE U J<2^@% .(wx L[/) 6/ @ +)
9* I )9/ J"9 9= 9= (Ce/Yb)N & (La/Yb)N LS
& 9G 9O 2G -)/ i2 = .(n V&)7) )%
-! $# #
Rb )%
- ! A#+ ; A "*6( = U REE K#
=
9[< \ +)9/ 9 R" 9<* K# * I R )/
R<9* "( . *# +)/ # V6Ng A N<*& = A #) = )/
9= )9/
< -a -# <
+)/ I)/ E Q6 "* <
9N@7 K# # R<9* "( A 9%
H E NG = J # . *# "@
+)9<% Sr & Ba 9O 2G .(wn L[9/) 9*# R<* "( *)N
K# 9 a I)9<% . * %KB 6 jB( H E NG = ) #+)/
-)9/ + " a R )/ R = [ 6C = + 6U # 6 = Ry
9* I )9/ $ # 9 # 9= e6< # "*# & +)/ +)<% "!<=

-# # * 2/

& * 2/ 6N= Ni

A & d/ + #KMN

+)/ * = ,2* )\#& c6 J<2^@% .)2


V "2 #6
# <<PE A
[ 6g = . # <f E O 2G # <<PE -# <
- *I
" 6 A+ 6E = "< & 6 A+ 6E <@</65j
& G O 2G
O6Y # E B" # = ! A %
REE O 2G z) # I)/ 2> )2 )%
- ! ? <@
A < 6( < & 6 )2NU 6% A+ 6E = M<"<N(& ( * I f#
6 )2NU 6% A 6@
* I J<@%
[< \
Y2G I)<%
& ) #+)/ +)<% LREE O 2G A < 6(
+ 6E
<( 8 2= 8 <* * 8 E #6
*I
Hf
. " 6 + 6E -a 4[G \ & "< & 6

.A < 6(

A+ 69E

6 )2NU 6% + 6E

M9<"<N(& (

M<"<N(& (

9* I A 9% 6@

* I A % 6@

6(R

= R * "U A 6d A+ 6E &
@</65j A
+)/ - * I A % 6@ =
6 & < & 6 H< E
& M<"<N(& (
<( 8 2= 8 <* * 8 E #6 A % * I )
& G
NO# O 2G A @%
)%
- ! a ( 2=
) 6/
# <<PE Q6 "*
* I )2 #
C ? <@
P2O5 MnO TiO2 )2 ) R
=
<<PE A 2 #
K2O SiO2 LS ) O 2G
= & (Eu &Y Gd Nb
Hf Zr Rb Ba Sr Na2O TFeO MgO CaO Al2O3

-)/ - * I )/ . *# 76E L= ; (REE O 2G HN># &


S # # O 2G # <<PE #)
* I c6 = +&BG _2*

[xu]

)2

[xw] A#+ ; "*6( = +)/ i2 = ? <@

= +)/ i2 = REE O 2G # <<PE 23 <76

O 2G

=& G

O 2G # <<PE 24 <76
.A < 6(
6 )2NU 6%

. . . A %-&K

? <@

&

area, Japan, Journal of Geochemical Exploration


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NO# O 2G # <<PE * =

- " K } + @/

)N7

A# = H* 2 A 6@ ? " #
)%
-! * = J#
J<<0E * 2/_2* A % * = 6y2 = <@</ A iE
& + ,"*
+) @<; =
c6 J<<0E " * J< K <0;6
6y2 = Sm-Nd & Rb-Sr #) ( (6E& # A % * = <
= I 8 @I A %
%+ 6E + ,"* J<<0E
*# + # <<PE # %_2* A < &# <% #
-6,=a
- * I A % 6@ * = # K . 6/ A K < = ;
=
A % < dE ) #6E )O wm K# "@
* I = "\
-+ X *# = _2* A #`, y K# .)22 i # # E& d"
A 6@ = - * I 6@ J" = $ <g
<@</ A)2=
A)2=+ & %+ 6E @I A * J<<0E . *# & d" R *
. <I
# ; <f E gE )/ = ) / W / y K# a
)/ A ( = G O 2G & REE O 2G -)/ i2 = A6, #
L<[!E F@G < dE ) #6E & + # - ! & dE * I
i a K# J<2^@% .)2 f " # -a i # &K * & A+ 6E
-)/ - * I f#
)/ = Sr & Rb )2 A O 2G
A 6@ A& (6E& # A % * = )22
<<PE % *)N
4[G "\ & & d" B A i<" ) #6E - * I
.)% - ! A 6d A %+ 6E + ,"* y K# # <0;#&
)R

O 2G # <<PE A 0 1 !%&'(" C K# "


J#
AK * - * I A %-&K
? <@ & G 7 NO#
C Lg K# -a U"G#
*# ")2@% 12 A < 6( 4
/uw/t ] 6 h/qsq + @/ ) ! *& + ,! # !%&'(
. *# +)/ J< E uxtt
S

-6<9*# " a AK 9* 9 9* 2/J< K" .a A &


90 1 A " 69 E& [< [ < 695j A 9%+ #
& 9=a %
!9" # FC 92 AK 9* 9 b !92
-J<9 K (Ph.D) A 9"
9* " =6927 - 9*#

d/ + #KMN [1]

< dE @</65j
J<<0E & (6E& #
- "*# M<(6

. gdO ( ) ) ! *& + ,! # A Y";# * 2/


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Geochemical behavior of rare earth elements in
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-# # * 2/

& * 2/ 6N= Ni

alteration: evidence from southeast England,


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et
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A & d/ + #KMN

6(R

[14] Taylor R.P., Fryer B.J., Rare earth element


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* 2/J< K ! " .e

N< * . F<f& [ ]

* 2/J< K - K * "( } I =) 6/+ T *


.( }) 6! )0
= -6 K i2*J* " . .e 6(R .# + #KN [uq]

!" # &

Q&
A < 6( BC 84
!" # 12
? * 8e6< # &#
< J*65# M< j6 " + & = A)% / : =a %
) -# # A Y";# * 2/J< K Ni "-# # . / A < 6(
.(h T V \
[20] Middlemost E.A.K., "Magmas and magmatic
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Rare earth element mobility during granite

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