Professional Documents
Culture Documents
Submitted By:
Asia Samreen Rabia Atique
Organizational Behavior
Table of Contents
SUMMARY ................................................................................................................................. 3 INTRODUCTION ....................................................................................................................... 4 LITERATURE REVIEW ............................................................................................................ 5 What is Leadership? ................................................................................................................. 5 What is a leader? ...................................................................................................................... 5 What is a supervisor? ............................................................................................................... 6 What is a manager? .................................................................................................................. 6 Behavioral Theories ................................................................................................................. 7 Trait Theories ........................................................................................................................... 7 RELEVANT RESEARCHES ...................................................................................................... 8 Leaders are Sort of Born .......................................................................................................... 8 Leaders are Always Made ........................................................................................................ 8 A Leader's Growth is Never Done ........................................................................................... 9 Being A Born Leader Means Nothing Unless You Are ........................................................ 10 A Growing Leader ................................................................................................................. 10 Duties of Leaders ................................................................................................................... 11 Are Leaders Born or Made? ................................................................................................... 12 By David Garic ...................................................................................................................... 12 Leadership: do traits matter? .................................................................................................. 13 Shelley A. Kirkpatrick & Edwin A. Locke, University of Maryland ............................... 13 Great Leaders are Made, Not Born ........................................................................................ 14 Bryant Nielson made a research in 2008 ............................................................................... 15 Howard Edward Haller, Ph.D. Chief Enlightenment Officer The Leadership Success Institute .................................................................................................................................. 16 Conclusion ................................................................................................................................. 17 References .................................................................................................................................. 18
Organizational Behavior
Organizational Behavior
SUMMARY
Leadership is the art of motivating a group of people to act towards achieving a common goal. The basis of good leadership is honorable character and selfless service to your organization. Leadership differs in that it makes the followers want to achieve high goals, rather than simply bossing people around.
For centuries people have debated whether leaders are born or made. Several decades ago researchers started trying to answer the question. The debate goes on, even though we know the answer. The born leaders have inbuilt leadership qualities, where as, the made leaders acquire the leadership skills after having been put through the situation in which they have to lead the masses and the skills of leadership can only be learned through experience. In today's industry, we have many managers and supervisors, but few of them are leaders. A leader is someone others are willing to follow, almost without question. Leaders are recognized not chosen. Leaders have something within that the others just don't have. It is an intangible characteristic that can't be explained, but when you see it, you will recognize it. Not every leader is born and not every person can be groomed to be a leader
Organizational Behavior
Organizational Behavior
INTRODUCTION
Leadership is the art of motivating a group of people to act towards achieving a common goal. Leadership is a process by which a person influences others to accomplish an objective and directs the organization in a way that makes it more cohesive and coherent.
Leaders carry out this process by applying their leadership attributes, such as beliefs, values, ethics, character, knowledge, and skills. Although your position as a manager, supervisor, lead, etc. gives you the authority to accomplish certain tasks and objectives in the organization, this power does not make you a leader, it simply makes you the boss. Leadership differs in that it makes the followers want to achieve high goals, rather than simply bossing people around. The basis of good leadership is honorable character and selfless service to your organization. For centuries people have debated whether leaders are born or made. Several decades ago researchers started trying to answer the question. The debate goes on, even though we know the answer. The born leaders have inbuilt leadership qualities, where as, the made leaders acquire the leadership skills after having been put through the situation in which they have to lead the masses and the skills of leadership can only be learned through experience. The objective of the study is whether the Leaders are Born or Made.
Organizational Behavior
Organizational Behavior
LITERATURE REVIEW
In today's industry, we have many managers and supervisors, but few of them are leaders. In addition, it is also true that not every leader is a good manager, or supervisor, but every leader can be taught to be a good one.
What is Leadership?
According to John Maxwell Leadership is influence, nothing more and nothing else then we are all leaders. After all, everyone has some level of influence along the line. Couple that with the fact that being a leader means we have at least one follower then again yes we are all leaders even if its self leadership. To a degree we are all leaders
What is a leader?
By definition, a leader is a person who rules or guides or inspires others. A leader is someone others are willing to follow, almost without question. They may not always make the right decision, but they are confident in the decisions that they make. They are not afraid to admit when they are wrong, and they know when to change direction when an inappropriate choice has been made. For, even after a few mistakes, a true leader will not lose the confidence of his/her followers. Leaders are recognized, not chosen In short, leaders have something within that the others just don't have. It is an intangible characteristic that can't be explained, but when you see it, you will recognize it.
Organizational Behavior
Organizational Behavior
What is a supervisor?
By definition, a supervisor is 'a person who exercises major administrative functions over another employee, or employees. These functions are hiring, evaluating, assigning work, disciplining, and dismissing. In most cases, one step below a manager, a supervisor is just that, a person who supervises. Creativity is welcomed, but in most cases, the direction is provided by the manager, and the immediate overseeing is done by the supervisor.
What is a manager?
By definition, a manager is 'an individual charged with the responsibility for overseeing resources and processes.' Managers are more creative than supervisors. Their sole duty is to manage budgets, people, major tasks and projects, and time. Managers administer, leaders innovate Managers ask how and when, leaders ask what and why Managers do things right, leaders do the right things Managers maintain, leaders develop Managers copy, leaders show originality Managers have a short-term perspective, leaders have a longer-term perspective Warren Bennis
Organizational Behavior
Organizational Behavior
Behavioral Theories
According to this theory there are specific behaviors that identify leaders so we could teach leadership by designing programs that implant these behavioral patterns in individuals who desire to be effective leaders. If training work we could have an infinite supply of effective leaders. We could train people to be leaders.
(Robbins.et.al.,2008)
Trait Theories
Trait theories of leadership differentiate leaders from non -leaders by focusing on personal qualities and characteristics. It considers personality, social, physical or intellectual attributes that would describe leaders and differentiate them from non- leaders. Leaders are born rather than made.
(Robbins.et.al.,2008)
Organizational Behavior
Organizational Behavior
RELEVANT RESEARCHES
Organizational Behavior
Organizational Behavior Marshall Goldsmith and Howard Morgan studied the progress of 88,000 managers who had been to leadership development training. The people who returned from the training, talked about it, and did deliberate work to apply their learning were judged as becoming more effective leaders. The ones who didn't showed no improvement.
Organizational Behavior
Organizational Behavior
Being A Born Leader Means Nothing Unless You Are A Growing Leader
A growing leader inspires so much more. I would rather follow a growing leader than a born leader. For me leadership is organic; it is a continual process of development and change. Its not an exact science its a response to people and purpose. It demands consistent input, shaping. Being a born leader is not the same as being a growing leader In my experience, people who describe themselves as born leaders tend to assume a right to lead, either because of job title or past success. As we know, leadership is not a right to assume, but an honor to earn. http://EzineArticles.com/?expert=Steve_Holloway
Leadership involves power by influence & Management involves power by position Abraham Zaleznik
Organizational Behavior
10
Organizational Behavior
Duties of Leaders
Individuals are born with specific traits. These traits include physical characteristics, intellectual ability and personality. It has been shown via research that some of these traits are associated with research. These traits include: Intelligence Energy Self-confidence Dominance Motivation to lead Emotional stability Honesty and integrity Need for achievement
Abraham Zaleznik
Organizational Behavior
11
Organizational Behavior
Leaders create the motivational environment for their followers that cause them to want to achieve.
They are able to easily identify the needs of their followers and direct them on the pathway to success.
Leaders can skillfully strike the balance between attending to the needs of their followers while accomplishing the tasks required of them.
Leaders can learn leadership skills in a variety of ways (training, self-study, observing other leaders) but unless these skills are practiced in realistic and meaningful experiences they are forgotten.
Organizational Behavior
12
Organizational Behavior Some day soon, the argument will end. Until then, for those of us who may be wondering, Do I have it or dont I, not to fear. It can be done. Start with desire. We can learn the rest. http://www.myarticlearchive.com/articles/6/211.htm
Key leader traits include: drive (a broad term which includes achievement, motivation, ambition, energy, tenacity, and initiative); leadership motivation (the desire to lead but not to seek power as an end in itself); honesty and integrity; self-confidence (which is associated with emotional stability); cognitive ability; and knowledge of the business.
There is less clear evidence for traits such as charisma, creativity and flexibility. We believe that the key leader traits help the leader acquire necessary skills; formulate an organizational vision and an effective plan for pursuing it; and take the necessary steps to implement the vision in reality.
http://www.jstor.org/pss/4165007
Organizational Behavior
13
Organizational Behavior
You may not be able to control or change your boss, or other leaders in your company. So, do what is right, anyway. Others will soon recognize another "born" leader. If you keep at it, they may even say you are a great leader. You. However, will know the truth. You may or may not be a great leader, but you were most definitely made, and not born as one.
http://www.stuffofheroes.com/Great%20Leaders%20are%20Made,%20Not%20Born.htm
Organizational Behavior
14
Organizational Behavior
Leaders can be made through training and provide proper environment. There are many ways to encourage a leader-based and entrepreneurial environment. First, you must constantly encourage people to take action. Remember that speaking out is a leadership characteristic your encouragement will allow people to challenge the status quo, innovate old ways of doing things, and to persuade you and others to follow them. In the same vein, you must persist with ideas that come to you. Finally, you can provide an environment that promotes informality, both physically and emotionally.
Conclusion Leaders are definitely made - not born. But the environment will determine whether potential leaders can develop their talents - and it's your responsibility to provide it. http://ezinearticles.com/?Leaders-Are-Made,-Not-Born&id=1054257
Organizational Behavior
15
Organizational Behavior
Research By: Howard Edward Haller, Ph.D. Chief Enlightenment Officer The Leadership Success Institute
The great debate for the last century has been over whether "leaders are born, or leaders are made." There have been are biographies, books and articles, and more recently movies and television coverage about good and bad leadership. A combination of externice senior leadership experience and strong business background all led Howard Edward Haller to write this article on the topic, are Leaders Made or Born? The leadership research specifically focused defining leadership and on the way certain events, obstacles, or adversity affected and shaped prominent leaders. The research interview questions were designed to draw out the participants' experiences on a range of interests. I encouraged the sixteen prominent leaders that I personally interviewed to identify the most important events in their lives. I asked them specifically to share the effects of the events, obstacle, or adversity in their youth and adult lives that shaped them. They were called upon reveal the resources within themselves that they drew upon to overcome obstacles. Finally, I questioned them as to whether their experiences with overcoming adversity in any way impacted their development, specifically their development as a leader. The information from major leadership scholars and best selling author for the interested reader that seems to back my position and conclusion: Leader are made, not born. Conclusion: Leaders are Made, not born! http://ezinearticles.com/?Leadership-and-Adversity---Are-Leaders-Made-Or-Are-LeadersBorn?-A-Definitive-Answer-to-the-Question&id=2815934
Organizational Behavior
16
Organizational Behavior
Conclusion
According to most of the researches mentioned above it is proved that leaders seem to be not always born, but also made through training. The made leaders acquire the leadership skills after having been put through the situation in which they have to lead the masses and the skills of leadership can only be learned through training and experience.
It is also concluded that not always a born leader seem to be more successful as compared to the developed leader under circumstances. Everybody has to learn the job, thats why leaders are always made
Organizational Behavior
17
Organizational Behavior
References
Are Leaders Born or Made, http://www.myarticlearchive.com/articles/6/211.htm, (Accessed January 21, 2011) Being A Born Leader Means Nothing Unless You Are, http://EzineArticles.com/?expert=Steve_Holloway , (Accessed January 23, 2011)
Bryant Nielson , http://ezinearticles.com/?Leaders-Are-Made,-Not-Born&id=1054257,
(Accessed January 23, 2011) Judge,Timthy& Robbins,Stephen & Sanghi,Seema. (2008) Organizational Behavior, pp. 420-423. Leadership: do traits matter, http://www.jstor.org/pss/4165007, (Accessed January 21, 2011)
Organizational Behavior
18