IP v chia subnet

NI DUNG
2.

Gii thiu
a ch IP
Chia subnet

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3.

02/2009

1.

GII THIU - 1
02/2009

85 NC Q1

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227 NVC Q5

42/5 LTK Q10

5 NTMK Q1

GII THIU - 2
02/2009

192.168.0.2

192.168.0.3

192.168.0.4

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192.168.0.1

GII THIU - 3
02/2009

a ch mng (identifier): l 1 nh danh cho 1 node

mng
Phn loi:

a ch vt l - MAC (Media Access Control)

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do nh sn xut n nh trn sn phm

a ch logic
do ngi dng n nh
Cc dng: Unicast, Multicast, Broadcast,
VD: a ch IP (Internet Protocol)

GII THIU - 4
a

ch MAC

Tng

2 trong m hnh OSI

Gm: 6 bytes
3 bytes u: do IEEE n nh
3 bytes sau: do nh sn xut n nh

00

01

IEEE n nh

0C

2A 1F

2C

Nh sn xut n nh
6

NI DUNG
2.

Gii thiu
a ch IP
Chia subnet

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3.

02/2009

1.

A CH IP
02/2009

Tng 3 trong m hnh OSI

Version:

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IPv4
IPv5 (RFC 1819 )
IPv6

A CH IPV4 - 1
02/2009

Kch

Mi byte c biu din bng s thp phn, gi l mt

octet
hai octet c vit cch nhau bng 1 du chm .

VD: 10101100 00011101 00000001 00001010

172.29.1.10
Chia thnh 2 phn:
Network ID (NetID)
Host ID

32 bit

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thc: 4 bytes (32 bits)

nh dng:

A CH IPV4 - 2
02/2009
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172.29.1.10

NetID???
HostID???

SUBNET MASK
10

A CH IPV4 - 3
02/2009

Subnet mask
Dng phn nh phn NetID v HostID trong a ch IPv4
kch thc 4 bytes
cc bit thuc NetID c gi tr l 1
cc bit thuc HostID c gi tr l 0

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11

A CH IPV4 - 4

NetAddr

= SubnetMask AND HostIP

VD: 172.29.5.128/255.255.192.0
(hoc 172.29.5.128/18)
HostIP

1010 1100 0001 1101 0000 0101

SubnetMask 1111 1111

Net Addr

1111 1111

1000 0000

1100 0000

0000 0000

1010 1100 0001 1101 0000 0000

0000 0000

12

A CH IPV4 - 5

Cc bit thuc NetID: gi nguyn

Cc bit thuc Host ID: xo v 0

ch ng mng (Net Addr)

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02/2009

ch broadcast

Cc bit thuc NetID: gi nguyn

Cc bit thuc Host ID: bt ln 1
VD: 192.168.1.2/24

Net Addr: 192.168.1.0

c broadcast: 192.168.1.255

node c cng a ch ng mng th thuc

cng 1 ng mng

Hai

VD:

192.168.1.2 v 192.168.1.200

cng 1 ng mng

192.168.1.2 v 192.168.2.1

khc ng mng

13

A CH IPV4 - 6
02/2009

S a ch host hp l trong 1 ng mng

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2m-2
m l s bit trong phn HostID

VD: 172.29.1.1
m = 16
S host trong 1 network = 216-2

14

A CH IPV4 7
02/2009

Phn lp

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Multicast Address

Reserved For Future Use

15

A CH IPV4 - 8
02/2009

Subnet mask mc nh:

Lp A: 255.0.0.0 (/8)
Lp B: 255.255.0.0 (/16)
Lp C: 255.255.255.0 (/24)

VD:

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15.19.18.29
00001111
Lp B
Subnet mask mc nh: 255.0.0.0

16

A CH IPV4 9
02/2009

Cho a ch IP: 172.29.7.10

Lp:
Net Addr :
S host trong cng network:
Cc a ch ca host:
a ch broadcast:

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17

A CH IPV4 10
02/2009

Cho a ch IP: 172.29.7.10

Lp: B
Net Addr : 172.29.0.0
16
S host trong cng network: 2 -2
Cc a ch: 172.29.0.1 172.29.255.254
a ch broadcast:172.29.255.255

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18

A CH IPV4 - 11
Phn loi:
a ch public:
dng trao i trn Internet
a ch tht
a ch private
Dng nh a ch cho cc mng LAN bn trong 1 t chc
a ch o
a ch loopback: 127.0.0.0 127.255.255.255

19

NI DUNG
2.

Gii thiu
a ch IP
Chia subnet

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3.

02/2009

1.

20

CHIA SUBNET - 1
02/2009

L do chia subnet:

gim s lng node Tng thng lng mng

Tng tnh bo mt
D qun tr
D bo tr
Trnh lng ph a ch IP

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21

CHIA SUBNET - 2
Qui tc:

Mn cc bit u trong HostID lm NetID

S subnet = 2n (n: s bit vay mn phn HostID)

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02/2009

Ln k hoch:
S subnet cn chia
S node trong mi subnet

22

CHIA SUBNET 3.1: V D 1

02/2009
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Cng ty A c cp c ng mng l:
172.29.0.0/16. Cng ty mun chia thnh
10 subnet trong c 3 subnet c 100
PCs, 4 subnet c 255 PCs, 3 subnet c
500 PCs
Dng 4 bit chia subnet
23

CHIA SUBNET 3.2: V D 1

Cc

subnet c th c:

Subnet

Net Addr

HostIP

Broadcast

0000 0000

172.29.0.0

172.29.0.1-172.29.15.254

172.29.15.255

0001 0000

172.29.16.0

172.29.16.1-172.29.31.254

172.29.31.255

0010 0000

172.29.32.0

172.29.32.1-172.29.47.254

172.29.47.255

0011 0000

172.29.48.0

172.29.48.1-172.29.63.254

172.29.63.255

0100 0000

172.29.64.0

172.29.64.1-172.29.79.254

172.29.79.255

0101 0000

172.29.80.0

172.29.80.1-172.29.95.254

172.29.95.255

24

CHIA SUBNET 3.3: V D 1

Net Addr

Subnet Mask

172.29.0.0

1111 0000

255.255.240.0

172.29.16.0

1111 0000

255.255.240.0

172.29.32.0

1111 0000

255.255.240.0

172.29.48.0

1111 0000

255.255.240.0

172.29.64.0

1111 0000

255.255.240.0

172.29.80.0

1111 0000

255.255.240.0

25

CHIA SUBNET 4.1: V D 2

02/2009

26

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V d 1: Cng ty B c cp c ng
mng l: 192.168.1.0. Cng ty mun chia
thnh 5 subnet trong c 3 subnet c
30 PCs, 2 subnet c 60 PCs

CHIA SUBNET 4.2: V D 2

02/2009

2 bit

192.168.1.0

192.168.1.64

192.168.1.128

192.168.1.192
1 bit

192.168.1.128

192.168.1.160

27

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192.168.1.0

CHIA SUBNET 4.3: V D 2

Net Addr

Subnet Mask

192.168.1.0

1100 000

255.255.255.192

192.168.1.64

1100 000

255.255.255.192

192.168.1.172

1100 000

255.255.255.192

192.168.1.128

1110 000

255.255.255.224

192.168.1.160

1110 000

255.255.255.224

28

CHIA SUBNET - 5

02/2009

Gi tr cc subnetmask:

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29

BI TP
02/2009

Cho 172.100.112.4/19. Hy cho bit:

2.
3.
4.

5.

a ch trn thuc v ng mng no?

S IP hp l c th dng trong ng mng
. V hy cho bit gm nhng a ch no?
a ch broadcast ca ng mng
Vi a ch ng mng trn, hy chia thnh
5 subnet nh sau: 2 subnet c 1000 host, 2
subnet c 500 host, 1 subnet c 100 host
(theo 2 cch)
Vi a ch ng mng trn, hy chia thnh
17 subnet nh sau: 4 subnet c 1000 host, 6
subnet c 500 host, 7 subnet c 100 host

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1.

30