Professional Documents
Culture Documents
Introduction
What is single phase induction motors?
is an induction motor having a squirrel cage rotor and a single phase stator winding.
Working Principle
Suppose the rotor is at rest and a single phase supply is given to the stator winding. Now the current flowing in the stator winding will produce a m.m.f with in the stator and this m.m.f induces a current in the rotor. Again the induced current inside the rotor will produce a m.m.f with in the rotor itself which is equal in magnitude and opposite in direction with the stator m.m.f. Thus the two m.m.f cancel out each other and as a result there will be no net torque acting on the rotor. There for the rotor will stay at rest. So due to this effect, we have to find another method to start the motor.
2) Capacitor-run motors
3) Capacitor start-and run motors 4) Shaded-pole motors
Capacitor-start moderate torque (<175% full load) are used: Operation having low starting loads such as:- Fans - Blowers & - Small pumps.
Disadvantages
Since capacitor start motors have low starting torque they cannot be used in applications with severe starting conditions.
Advantage
Ability to start heavy loads Ability to develop 25% overload capacity Higher efficiency and power factor Extremely quiet operation
frequently used in applications requiring variable speed such as : Air handlers, Blowers and Fanes.
Single value capacitor start-and-run motors are used in applications requiring low starting torque such as: Fans Blowers & Voltage regulators.
Now when an alternating current is passed through the field or main winding surrounding the whole pole, the magnetic axis of the pole shifts from the unshaded part to the shaded part. which is analogous with the actual physical movement of the pole. As a result the rotor starts rotating in the direction of this shift from the unshaded part to the shaded part.
Disadvantages
Low starting torque Very little overload capacity Low efficiency (5% for tiny sizes 35% for higher ratings)
Generally when we construct single phase induction motors we must make sure we use appropriate capacitor. If a wrong capacitor is installed on a motor, the motor will not have equally distributed magnetic field and this will cause the rotor to hesitate at those spots with uneven magnetic field distribution and this causes:-Loud disturbing noise Increase in energy consumption Performance drop Overheat
Conclusion