Chng 1:Tng quan h thng thng tin y t Cu 1:Trong h thng thng tin y t gm nhng b phn thng tin g?

-H thng thng tin y t RIS -H thng thng tin chn on hnh nh HIS -H thng lu tr v truyn nh PACS Cu 2:Cc khi nim v chc nng chnh ca h thng:HIS,RIS,PACS? A.HIS +Khi nim:H thng thng tin bnh vin HIS l h thng qun l bng my tnh tt c cc cng vic thng ngy ca bnh vin. +Cc chc nng chnh ca HIS: -Qun l h s bnh nhn,bnh n, trang thit b, thuc,ti chnh, cn b y bc s... -Cho php trao i thng tin, d liu thng k gia cc phng ban trong bnh vin; - H tr cho cng tc o to cng nh nghin cu khoa hc trong bnh vin; - Lin kt vi cc h thng thng tin ca cc c s y t khc c th trao i d liu, thng tin vi nhau... B.RIS +Khi nim:RIS c thit k nhm mc ch h tr cho cc cng vic qun tr cng nh cc hot ng thm khm bnh nhn trong khoa chn on hnh nh. +Cc chc nng chnh ca mng RIS: - X l cc bn ghi v bnh nhn v danh mc phim; - Lp k hoch chn on; - Gim st tnh hnh bnh n ca cc bnh nhn; - To, nh dng v lu tr cc bo co v qu trnh chn on... C.PACS +Khi nim:H thng PACS thc hin nhim v thu nhn v lu tr nh s t nhng thit b to nh CT, MR, US... ng thi s phn phi d liu nh nhn c ny qua h thng truyn thng trong mng phc v cho vic chn on v iu tr cho bnh nhn. +Chc nng chnh ca mng PACS: - Gim chi ph trong vic qun l nhn s, lu tr thng tin, trnh nhng li do con ngi gy ra v vic mt mt ti liu; - a ra nhng chn on chnh xc hn nh s kt hp nhiu nhn nh ca cc chuyn gia; - D dng truy cp ti mt c s d liu cha nhiu thng tin v hnh nh v d liu lin quan; - Thun tin cho vic iu tr cho bnh nhn do thng tin c cp nht thng xuyn...

Cu 3: Cu trc h thng PACS,nu cc chc nng nhim v ca cc phn h? + Cu trc cho h thng PACS: Cu trc ca PACS bao gm cc thit b phn cng nh: giao din thit b to nh, thit b lu tr, my tnh ch, mng truyn thng, h thng hin th. Chng c lin kt li vi nhau bng h thng phn mm chun ha v linh hot.

+Cc thnh phn ca PACS:Phn h thit b to nh ,Phn h thu nhn nh ,Phn h iu khin v lu tr nh ,Phn h hin th nh v cc d liu lin quan +Nhim v cc phn h: *Phn h thit b to nh:- To ra cc nh s phc v cho qu trnh chn on; - Truyn d liu nh v cc d liu lin quan n phn h thu nhn nh ca PACS. -Cc loi thit b to nh chnh: My X quang (X ray);My Siu m (Ultrasound); Chp ct lp (CT Scanner);Cng hng t (MRI);Chp mch (Angiography)... *Phn h thu nhn nh:-Nhn d liu nh t thit b to nh; - Chuyn i d liu nh t c t ca nh sn xut (nh dng u khung, th t cc byte, ma trn byte...) sang dng chun - Truyn nh ti b iu khin PACS. *Phn h iu khin v lu tr nh: (Cu to ca b iu khin:L mt u my ca PACS gm nhiu my tnh ch c tc x l cao, gm 2 b phn chnh: My ch qun l c s d liu,H thng lu tr) Nhim v ca b iu khin:- Nhn nh t thit b to nh; - a ra thng tin dng vn bn; - Cp nht h thng qun l c s d liu; - Xc nh trm ch gi nh mi nhn c; - T ng tm nh i chiu, so snh; - T ng x l nh c c nh tt nht; - Thc hin nn nh gim dung lng lu tr; - Lu tr nh sau khi x l; - Xa nh c lu tr tm thi cng lu tr; *Phn h hin th:-Hin th d liu nh v cc thng tin lin quan nhn c t b iu khin;-X l nh cc bc s c th chn on chnh xc hn.

Cu 4:Trnh by v cc yu cu khi thit k h thng thng tin cho bnh vin? A.Tiu chun ha h thng: +Mc ch:S dng ti a cc chun cng nghip hin ti ph hp vi ton b s thit k PACS. +u im: - Thi hnh cc thnh phn ca PACS n gin; -Vn hnh v bo dng h thng n gin; - D dng tm hiu h thng. Trong cc chun cho PACS th 2 chun HL7 v DICOM l quan trng nht B.Phi c kin trc m: +Mc ch: cung cp mt phng php tiu chun cho vic trao i thng tin gia cc h thng khc nhau, gia cc b phn khc nhau... +u im: - Xy dng h thng PACS n gin; - D dng thay th, nng cp, m rng...cho h thng... C.Phi c tin cy cao: +Mc ch: - Trnh li do h thng gy ra; - Trnh thi gian cht cho h thng do c th ca h thng. +Thc hin: - Dng chng trnh phn mm pht hin v sa li; - Xy dng h thng phn cng d phng. Tuy nhin, khi tin cy cng cao th gi thnh cho h thng s cng ln. D.Phi c tnh bo mt cao: +Mc ch: - m bo yu cu ring t ca bnh nhn; - Thng tin v bnh nhn ch mt s ngi c php bit qun l, chn on v iu tr cho bnh nhn. +Thc hin: - Dng Accout v Password phn quyn truy cp vo C s d liu ca h thng; - Ngi qun tr c quyn nhp, sa, xa cc thng tin v bnh nhn trong c s d liu ca h thng cho tng i tng s dng.

Chng 2: Chun d liu v vn bn Cu 1:Trnh by cc nh ngha :bn tin,trng,on,thnh phn,cc du ngn cch? +Bn tin (Message): L mt khi cc phn t d liu c truyn qua gia cc h thng trong mt lt truyn. Gm mt nhm cc on c sp xp theo th t nh ngha. Mi bn tin c mt kiu ring. +on (Segment): L mt nhm Logic cc trng d liu. Mi on c xc nh bng ID gm 3 k t duy nht. +Trng (Field): L mt chui cc k t. Mi trng c xc nh bng on m n nm trong v v tr ca n trong on. +Thnh phn (Component): L mt nhm Logic cc i tng gm c nhiu ni dung ca mt trng. Trong mt trng c nhiu thnh phn. +Cc du ngn cch (Delimitters): Gm <CR> kt thc on, | ngn cch trng, ^ ngn cch thnh phn, & ngn cch thnh phn con, \ l k t Escape... Cu 2:Trnh by quy tc xy dng bn tin? +Bc 1: To ra cc on theo th t nh ngha: -To 3 k t u tin l m ID ca on; -Mi trng c chn ln lt vo cc on theo quy tc: * t du ngn cch cc trng; * Nu trng khng c mt th b qua; -Lp li cho n khi c bt c trng no c gi i; -Kt thc mi on vi mt k t xung dng; +Bc 2: Lp li bc 1 cho n khi cc on c pht i ht: -B qua cc on, cc trng, cc thnh phn nu khng cn n; -Nu cc trng d liu cui on m khng cn thit th c th b qua chng.

Cu 3:Trnh by cc on c bn trong bn tin ADT?Vit v d v mt bn tin HL7 v bin dch? +Mt bn tin in hnh (Nhp vin-ADT) gm cc on sau: -MSH (Message Header Segment): Header ca bn tin; -EVN (Event Type Segment): Loi s kin (Nhp vin, xut vin, chuyn vin...); -PID (Petient Identification Segment): Thng tin bnh nhn; -NK1 (Next of Kin Segment): Thn nhn; -VP1 (Patient Visit Segment): Thng tin sau nhp vin... on MSH L on c mt trong tt c cc bn tin HL7 Cha thng tin v ngun, ch, cc b k t, cc k t phn tch, kiu bn tin, phin bn HL7 Cha 19 trng (6 trng bt buc l (field separator, encoding characters, message type, message control ID, processing ID, and version ID)) MSH-9 (Message type) l trng quan trng nht. L trng u tin ca bn tin c c v quyt nh qu trnh x l tip sau on PID L dng thng tin c bn gip trao i thng tin nhn dng v tiu s ca bnh nhn gia cc h thng C mt trong hu ht cc bn tin Cha 30 trng (Id bnh nhn, gii tnh, a ch, tnh trng hn nhn, quc tch) a.+Vit mt bn tin v bin dch Header: MSH||STORE|MISSION|MINE|LAUREL|199801181007 |security|ADT|MSG|00201|||<CR> Even: EVN|01|199801181005||<CR> Patien: PID|||PATID1234567||Doe^John^B^II||M||C|371 MAIN VE^SAN FRANCISCO ^CA^94122-0619||415-681-288||||||||<CR> NK1: NK1|Doe^Linda^E||wife|<CR> PV1: PV1|1|1|100^345^01|||00135^SMITH^WILLIAM^K|||SUR|ADM|<CR> Bn tin c dch nh sau: Bnh nhn l John B, Doe, II. M bnh nhn 1234567. Nam gii. Da trng. Sinh ngy 1/7/1947. a ch 371 Ve Sanfrancisco. Nhp vin ngy 18/1/1998 lc 10h05. Bc s xt nghim William K.Smith. Nm ti ging s 1, phng 345, t 100. V l Linda E.Doe. Bn tin gi t Mission n Mine sau khi nhp vin 2...

b.Vit mt bn tin v bin dch Header: MSH|^~\&|7edit.com||7edit.com||20111007005741||ADT^A01|MSG00001|P|2.6||||||WINDOWS1252|<CR> Even: EVN|A01|20111007010436|20111007070713|01|BS1234^Bui^Duc Chinh^^^^MD^^^U^12345678^BCV^ANC|20111007014114|<CR> Patien: PID|PATI123456|PAT123456|PATI123456^M^M10||Bui^Van^Sy||19891208020246|F|||18&Hoang Quoc Viet&B1^^Ha Noi ^^^VietNam||043234432|01686344598|Viet||||||||Thai Binh|<CR> NK1: NK1|23|Bui^Dinh^Tru|FTH|1&Hung Ha &25^^Thai Binh^TP1^^Viet Nam^H|0984442150|||||Bo doi||||||||||VN|<CR> PV1: PV1|12|O|^1^5^15&an duong^tot^^AD^2^tot||||20071052^Bui^Duc Chinh||20072311^Bui^Dang Quyen |MED|^210^4^^^^B13^2||||||20024^Hoang^Ngoc^^^^^^^L||102|154771^20090906222548|<CR> Bin dch: y l on thng tin nhp vin cho bnh nhn: Loi bn tin ADT_A01 Bnh nhn Bi Vn S ,nam gii,sinh ngy 12/08/1989,c m bnh nhn l 123456,sng ti 18 B1 Hong Quc Vit H Ni Vit Nam,ni sinh Thi Bnh,s in thoi nh ring 043234432,s in thoi di ng 01686344598. Nhp vin ngy 07 thng 10 nm 2011 lc 00h 57 pht 41 giy do bc s Bi c Chnh xt nghim v iu tr,m ca bc s l 1234.Bnh nhn nm ging s 5 phng 1 khu an dng loi tt.Phn thn nhn bnh nhn c b Bi nh Tr, s 1 Hng H Thi Bnh,ngh nghip b i,s in thoi 0984442150

Chng 3:Chun d liu v hnh nh Dicom Cu 1:Trnh by cu trc ca chun Dicom? Cu trc ca chun Dicom gm nhng phn sau: -Thch nghi:inh ngha cc nguyn tc thc thi chun gm cc yu cu thch nghi v bo co thch nghi xc nh tnh tng thch do n cung cp cc thong tin quan trng cho ngi thc hin v ngi tch hp h thng quyt nh s phi hp hot ng ca cc thit b.N s cung cp cho ngi thc hin 1 mu thng nht to ra bn bo co thch nghi -nh ngha i tng thng tin IOD( Information Object Definition):Cung cp mt nh ngha tru tng v cc thc th m c th ng dng trong truyn thng tin hnh nh y t i vi mi IOD ti liu s nh r cc thng tin cn thit ca IOD mi quan h gia cc thc th v accs thuc tnh m t ca IOD nh nghi lp dch v(Service Classes):nh ngha mt s lp dch v ,mt dch v lien quan n 1 hay nhiu i tng thng tin vi 1 hay nhiu - Lp dch v: Mt lp dch v lin quan n mt hay nhiu i tng thng tin, vi mt hay nhiu lnh c thc hin trn i tng , a ra cc yu cu cho cc thnh phn lnh v cch to ra lnh tc ng ln i tng -Ng ngha v cu trc d liu: Quy nh cu trc v m ha thng tin b d liu thu c t vic s dng i tng thng tin v dch v, a ra quy tc m ha cn thit cho dng d liu cho mt bn tin. Dng d liu c to ra t mt b d liu, b d liu c to ra t cc thnh phn d liu -T in d liu: Nhn- tn- gi tr th hin(VR)- s gi tr c m ha trong gi tr(VM) -Trao i bn tin: Xc nh dch v v giao thc c s dng bi mt ng dng trong mi trng trng nh y t trao i bn tin thng qua dch v h tr, mt bn tin c to nn bi dng lnh v theo sau l mt dng d liu ph thuc -H tr truyn thng mng cho vic trao i bn tin: cc dch v v giao thc truyn tin c m bo qu trnh truyn tin gia cc ng dng DICOM c thc hin mt cch c hiu qu vi phng thc bnh ng trn mng -Khun dng file v lu tr trung gian: quy nh m hnh c bn cho vic lu tr thng tin hnh nh trn phng tin trung gian cm tay. -S lc ng dng lu tr trung gian -Chc nng lu tr v khun dng trung gian cho trao i d liu -Chc nng hin th chun mc xm -S lc an ton -Ngun nh x ni dung

Cu 2:Trnh by lp i tng v lp dch v?cho v d minh ha? *Lp i tng: -IOD c s dng nh ngha mt i tng d liu tru tng(thong tin s c trao i) -N s cung cp cc c ch quy nh cc i tng d liu nh cc nh(MR,CT,NM ) hoc cc i tng d liu lin quan n nh nh bnh nhn,cc dng sng,thong tin RIS -Mt IOD s l mt nhm cc thng tin v c to bi nhm cc thc th thong tin Information Entity.Mi thc th thng tin ny s cha thng tin v mt i tng n l trong th gii thc -Mt IOD c th ch cha mt thc th thng tin n(gi l i tng tiu chun) gm cc thuc tnh vn c ca thc th trong th gii thc hoc nu IOD cha nhiu cc thc th thng tin(i tng t hp) +V d v lp i tng: -Lp i tng tiu chun:bnh nhn,xt nghim,ngun lu tr,ch gii nh -Lp i tng t hp:Nh CR(Computed radiography),nh CT(computed Tomography),nh s ha film DF(Digital Fluorography),nh MR (magnetic Resonance),nh y hc ht nhn NM(Nuclear Medicine),nh siu m US(Ultrasound), ha , hnh

*Lp dch v: -Lp dch v ca Dicom nh ngha cc dch v lu tr,in n,cht vn v truy vn -Cc dch ca DICOM s c s dng truyn i tng bn trong thit b v cho thit b thc hin mt dch v cho i tng -Lp dch v c xy dng trn mt tp cc phn t dch v truyn thong DICOM gi l DIMSE(DICOM message Service elements).N chnh l cc chng trnh phn mm thc hin mt chc nng nht nh +V d v lp dch v:

Cu 3:Trnh byCu trc mt file Dicom? Tr li:Mt file Dicom cha: -Tiu (header) cha thng tin v tn bnh nhn,kiu chiu,kch thc nh +Dicom cn c 128 byte bt u(thng t v 0) +Tip theo l 4 k t :D I C M +Phn cn li l thong tin u file tht s ,c chia thnh cc nhm.V d :nhm 0002hex l nhm thng tin(meta information) -D liu nh: M ha d liu:m ha gi tr,m ha b d liu,m ha d liu im nh +M ha gi tr: =B k t(CR) l mt b xc nh cc k t khc nhau v c xc nh c lp vi cch m ha ca chng =Gi tr th hin VR:ca mt thnh phn miu t loi v khun dng d liu ca trng gi tr trong thnh phn d liu =Gi tr VM v du phn cch:S gi tr VM(Value Mulplicity) xc nh s gi tr uc m ha trong mt trng gi tr ca thnh phn d liu +M ha b d liu: =Khi nim:b d liu th hin mt trng hp c th ca i tng thong tin th gii thc =b d liu c cu to bi cc thnh phn d liu =M ha:Thng tin u file: 128bytes Preamble, 4 bytes cha k t DICM thnh phn d liu:nhn(tag),chiu di gi tr VL,gi tr th hin VR Cu 4:Cu trc b d liu,thnh phn d liu? -B d liu DS th hin mt trng hp c th ca i tng thng tin th gii thc.Mt b d liu c cu to bi cc thnh phn d liu cha cc gi tr c m ha ca i tng -C 2 loi thnh phn d liu gm: +Thnh phn d liu chun c s nhm l s chn v khng phi (0000,EEEE), (0002,EEEE),(0004,EEEE) v (0006,EEEE) +Thnh phn d liu ring c s nhm l s l v khng phi l (0001,EEEE), (0003,EEEE),(0005,EEEE),(0007,EEEE) v (FFFF,EEEE) vi EEEE l s thnh phn bt k -Cc trng ca thnh phn d liu: +Nhn (Tag):l mt cp th t s nguyn khng du 16 bt,th hin s nhm v s thnh phn ca thnh phn d liu +Chiu di gi tr VL:L s nguyn khng du 16 bit hoc 32 bit tng ng vi VR l n hay hin +Gi tr th hin VR:l chui k t 2 byte cha gi tr th hin ca thnh phn d liu ,VR ng vi mt nhn thnh phn d liu c th c nh ngha trong t in d liu ca Dicom.Hai k t VR c m ha s dng cc k t t b k t mc nh ca Dicom -Trng gi tr :l mt s chn cc byte cha gi tr ca thnh phn d liu .Loi d liu ca cc gi tr c lu tr trong trng hp ny c xc nh bi VR ca thnh phn d liu .VR ng vi mt nhn ca thnh phn d liu c th c xc nh trong t in d liu hoc uc cha ngay trong trng VR ca thnh phn d liu c VR hin Gi tr VM:ch ra bao nhiu gi tr vi cng mt VR.Nu VM>1 th cc gi tr cn phn gii

Cu 5:M ha d liu im nh l g? -Thnh phn d liu im nh c nhn l (7FE0,0010) -c s dng trong vic trao i d liu ha -d liu im nh c m ha ha vi s bit khc .Cc thnh phn d liu sau s xc nh cu trc im nh: +Cc bit Allocated(0028,0100) +Cc bit Stored(0028,0101) +High bit(0028,0102) -V d v m ha d liu im nh 16 bit:

-cch m ha:t tri qua phi,t tren xung di:

Cu 6:Trnh by cc trng hp truyn v nhn file DICOM? *My chp CT gi nh n n v lu tr + my CT l (SCU) v b lu tr (SCP) + Cc hot ng ca DICOM s dng giao thc TCP/IP giao tip vi cc thit b xa. +Mi mt thit b trng mng TCP/IP c mt a ch c gi l a ch IP. Khng c mt thit b no trong cng mt mng c cng a ch IP, do cc hot ng cu DICOM c th s dng a ch IP nhn din v giao tip vi mt my c th. +DICOM SCP s nghe cc cng u vo ti mt cng c th. + kt ni ti SCP, SCU kt ni ti a ch IP ca SCP v gi d liu ti cng s dng cho cc hot ng cu DICOM. Khi mt kt ni c thit lp, giao tip DICOM s bt u. Cc bc thc hin: -Bc tha thun. gia 2 thit b:Trong bc cn c xem, SCU( trng hp ny l my CT) s gi cc thng tin sau: + tiu thc th ng dng (application Entity) ca b lu tr, hay tiu AE c gi +tiu AE ca bn thn n, hay cn c xem l tiu AE ang gi +mt danh sch cc hot ng m n mong mun c thc hin ( abstract syntaxes) +mt danh sch cc c php n h tr (transfer syntaxes) -Bc kim tra. Gia hai thit b :Thit b nhn yu cu c sn mt danh sch cc thit b t xa bao gm cc thng tin + tiu AE + a ch IP + cng ca thit b + danh sch cc dch v m thit b h tr Thc hin so snh vi thng tin trong danh sch thit b m n ang lu gi v dch v h tr xc nhn kt ni. * My trm ly study t b lu tr - Hu ht cc h thng s h tr cc yu cu theo: tn bnh nhn, ID bnh nhn, ngy chp, bc s khm ( referring physician) v cng c th h tr mt s cc thuc tnh khc *My trm gi d liu c ti to li v my lu tr - s dng study UID xc nh nh s thuc v study no. UID l m c xc nh duy nht trn ton h thng - cc nh c to ra l mt hoc nhiu cc series mi v chng c thuc tnh series ring hay series UID, nn s khng b trng vi bt k series UID no trong study c

Chng 6 :My tnh cng nhn nh Cu 1.Trnh by khi nim,chc nng my tnh cng nhn nh? *Khi nim :My tnh cng nhn nh gm tp cc chng trnh phn mm trong my tnh thc hin vic nhn nh t cc thit b to nh hoc t cc modul khc trong PACS, sau gi nh n b iu khin PACS lu tr v n trm hin th hin th.

*Chc nng: - Thu nhn d liu t thit b to nh, chuyn d liu t nh sn xut sang dng chun ca PACS(nh dng u khung, th t byte, kch thc ma trn nh) - Tin x l nh, nn v an ninh d liu - y nh ti PACS controller hay my trm hin th Cu 2:trnh by c im ca my tnh cng nhn nh? - Duy tr tnh ton v n ca d liu nhn c - Thc hin thu nhn t ng - Phn phi nh n cc trm hin th v lu tr - Thc hin mt s chc nng tin x l nh Cu 3. trnh by Cc thnh phn ca my tnh cng nhn nh? - H thng qun l c s d liu(DBMS) - B lu tr nh cc b - n v cung cp dch v lu tr (SCP) - n v s dng dch v lu tr(SCU) - Ba thnh phn phn mm khi phc nh v x l li l: Q/R, SCU, kim tra tnh ton v n v Acquisition delete H thng qun l c s d liu c im: l h thng csdl cc b ti my tnh cng nhn nh - Lu cc bn ghi thng tin dng vn bn v cc nh, cc nh c vn , sp hang v cc thit b to nh. - Cc thng tin ch cn lu tr tm thi do cc h qtr csdl nh dc s dung (access, mysql) 4 bng c bn trog hthng l :bng bnh nhn, bng study, bng series, bng image Mi quan h gia cc bng Patient----1---n study -----1----n-series ---1---nimage *Patient no *study no * series no *image no #Patient ID #Patient no #study no # series no Name study uid series UID image uid Sex. No. of series no. of image file path Cc bng d liu khc - Bng ghi nh sai - Bng sp xp hng (lu thng tin mi ln trao i d liu, trng thi thc hin,ngy gi n ,ngy gi i) - Bng ghi thit b(thc th udng, ip address, hostname) B lu tr nh cc b c im: L khng gian lu tr trong cng my tnh cng nhn nh, l mt th mc h tr bi h iu hnh v cho php cc dch v ngm c th truy nhp hon ton gi vo hoc np trc cc nh t th mc ny

Thnh phn lu tr SCP v SCU Lu tr SCP:nhn yu cu t c-store t thit b to nh hoc t module ca PACS - D liu nh s dc chp nhn bi my tnh cng nhn nh v tm thi lu trong b lu tr nh cc b. thnh phn ny s a thng tin vo trong cc bn ghi tng ng vo trong mt bng i lu tr vo trong csdl cc b ca mtnh cg nhn nh - Khi hon thnh vic lu tr s cp nht trng thi ca nhng bn ghi ny sang thnh completed - Nhng bn ghi mi s c a vo bng sp hng storage_out chun b a nh ti PACS server - Storage SCP hot ng ngm trong h thng Lu tr SCU:gi nhng yu cu t c-store ti PACS server khi nhng bn ghi mi dc tm thy trong bng sp hng storage_out ca csdl cc b. Nhng nh ny dc lu tr trong b lu tr nh cc b s c nh tuyn ti PACS server t n v s dng dch v (client) ny. Sau khi vic nh tuyn c hon thnh ,trng thi ca bn ghi tng ngtrong bng sp hng storage_out s chuyn sang trangj thi hon thnh

Cu 4. Trnh by cc vn iu khin x l a mc cng nhn nh? iu khin x l a mc trong cng nhn nh -Mc ch l lm tng tin cy v hiu qu ca cng nhn nh khi n phi thc hin nhiu cng vic cng lc nh: nhn nh, nh dng nh, loi b nhiu, nh hng truyn, m ha v truyn nh... -Thng nu x l theo kiu n mc (tun t) th x l chm, gy ra tr, nu b li th c th b dng qu trnh nhn nh... S m hnh iu khin n mc:

-Cc m hnh thng dng trong iu khin a mc l: iu khin x l a mc ch/khch v iu khin x l a mc theo s kin... L thuyt v iu khin x l a mc -L thuyt v iu khin x l dng ti thiu ha thi gian x l v nhn nh. K thut ny da trn c ch x l vi u tin nh nhau ca cc tin trnh v c x l trn b VXL a nhim. Khi thi gian ti thiu x l nh l:
m Si T i 1 fo Trong : fo l tn s ca CPU; Si l s chu k CPU yu cu hon thnh tin trnh th i. -T s gia lng cng vic cn c x l ca 2 tin trnh l:
Ni Nj Sj Si
2

Kin trc iu khin x l a mc ch/khch c im: * Ch gim st, iu khin lng cng vic gia cc tin trnh; * chng li th mi tin trnh c phn ra thnh tin trnh cha v tin trnh con; Tin trnh cha thc hin cc cng vic: * Kim tra hng i u vo xem c cng vic cn thc hin khng; * Sinh tin trnh con thc hin chc nng x l nh ; * Gim st thi gian x l ca tin trnh con; Tin trnh con thc hin cc cng vic: * Kim tra li; * Tm nh cn x l v thc hin x l; * Xa cng vic khi hng i... Kin trc iu khin x l a mc ch/khch u im: Tt c cc li ca tin trnh con khng th ngn cn tin trnh cha nhn v x l nh. Do s lm tng tin cy cho h thng.

S m hnh iu khin x l a mc ch/khch

Kin trc iu khin x l a mc theo s kin c im: * Tng t nh iu khin x l a mc ch/khch; * Cho mi tin trnh, ngoi cc cng vic thc hin nh trn th c thm cc chc nng sau: -Ch gim st: Gim st cc tin trnh cha v mi trng hot ng ca h thng. L ch ca cc tin trnh cha v con nhng l khch ca gim st trung tm; -Tin trnh cha: Nhn s kin kch hot t tin trnh con, nhn thng tin kim tra t gim st trung tm; -Tin trnh con: Gi cc lnh nh cng vic bt u, cng vic kt thc, kch hot ti ch gim st v tin trnh cha k tip... S m hnh iu khin x l a mc theo s kin

S thng tin gia gim st trung tm , ch gim st v tin trnh cha

V d cho qu trnh truyn thng nh CR trong PACS

Gm 7 tin trnh cn thc hin ti cng nhn nh: 1. DASM Server: Nhn nh t h thng CR; 2. Thng tin: Truyn d liu; 3. nh dng: nh dng li nh theo kch c xc nh; 4. Loi b nhiu: T ng loi b tn hiu nhiu; 5. nh hng: Xoay nh sang dng ph hp hin th; 6. iu chnh LUT: Tng cht lng nh hin th sau khi xa nn; 7. M ha mo u: Chuyn sang dng chun DICOM. Kt qu t c sau khi thc hin x l

So snh 20 gi tr x l gia n mc v a mc ta c: n mc: - Thi gian trung bnh: 42 - lch chun trung bnh: 137 a mc: - Thi gian trung bnh: 256 - lch chun trung bnh: 34 KL: Nh vy, so vi n mc, iu khin a mc s tng tc x l, gim thi gian cht, tng tin cy, gim s can thip ca ngi s dng...

Chng 7 : PACS controller Cu 1: Cu trc PACS Controller v c im cc thnh phn? Cu trc ca PACS controller v h thng lu tr d liu gm 4 thnh phn chnh nh sau: -My ch lu tr -H thng c s d liu -H thng a quang lu tr -Mng truyn thng c im cc thnh phn: My ch lu tr -Gm nhiu b vi x l a nhim cng sut ln thc hin iu khin mi hot ng truyn thng nh trong mng -Ngoi ra trong my ch c b nh RAID hoc a t Data Cache lu tr tm thi d liu nh trc khi lu vo h thng lu tr c nh -Thi gian lu tr tm thi my ch lu tr t 1 n 2 tun H thng CSDL -Gm 2 my ch CSDL cng chy mt h qun tr, mc ch l d phng CSDL, trnh b mt mt thng tin -Thc hin chc nng sp xp nh gip cho qu trnh tm kin d liu nhanh hn -Giao tip vi HIS v RIS cho PACS c th truy xut thng tin t 2 CSDL ny H thng a quang lu tr -Gm nhiu loi thit b lu tr khc nhau -Lun c 1 h thng lu tr d phng khc, m bo khng mt mt d liu khi c s c xy ra -Nguyn tc d phng: 1 file nh lun km theo 2 bn sao v lu tr 2 ni cch xa nhau Mng truyn thng -Cc thnh phn trong PACS Controller kt ni vi nhau v vi cc thnh phn khc trong mng thng tin y t thng qua mng LAN hoc WAN -Khi mng hot ng b li th phn mm qun l mng s t ng khi ng li my ch thit lp li cu hnh cho mng mng lun hot ng Cu 2:Cc nhim v chnh ca PACS Controller? -Nhn nh t cng nhn nh, d liu nh t cc thit b to nh c chun ha DICOM -Sp xp nh gip cho qu trnh tm kim nhanh -nh tuyn nh thc hin gi nh ti nhng ni cn thit thng qua 1 bng nh tuyn -Lu tr nh lu di -Nhm, gp cc xt nghim khc nhau ca cng mt bnh nhn trong nhng thi gian xt nghim khc nhau -Giao din vi HIS, RIS khi bnh nhn nhp vin, sau khi nhn bn tin ADT t HIS v RIS s cho khi to cc cng vic cn thit -Cp nht CSDL khi c nh mi -Truy xut nh cho nhng trm c yu cu -Np nh xt nghim trc khi bnh nhn nhp vin li -Qun l bng a thc hin vic qun l khng gian nh d tr trn a cho cc nh tng lai trong trng hp bnh nhn nhp vin li. Vic ny khc kh khn v tn km

Cu 3:S cu trc ca PACS controller?

Cu4:Thit b lu tr v yu cu lu tr? -Cc yu thit b lu tr dng trong PACS bao gm: + a t, a quang, bng t, CD-ROM + RAID (Redundant Array of Inexpaensive Disks) + Bng quang s + DVD-ROM -Yu cu v lu tr +D liu lun sn sng v tin cya +C th nng cp v kh nng lu tr v hiu sut +Tnh bo mt cao +i vi d liu lu tr ngn hn th tc truy cp nhanh, tin cy ln +i vi d liu lu tr di hn th dung lng lu tr ln -Yu cu v thit b lu tr -Thit b to nh: khi c xc nhn lu tr an ton th mi xa d liu nh ti b nh ca thit b -Cng nhn nh: ch xa d liu nh ti b nh cc b khi c xc nhn lu tr hon thnh -Nt trung tm: khi d liu nh truyn t cc nt ti s khng b xa cho n khi qu trnh lu tr lu di trn h thng thnh cng

Chng :trm hin th Cu 1:c im cu trc, s kt ni ti trm hin th c im cu trc ,s kt ni trm hin th l thnh phn cui cng trong d liu PACS.ti y,ng s dng s thng dch nh v d liu c lin quan.Kt qu thng dc ny chnh l kt qu chn on cho bnh nhn.Sau kt qu ny c a tr li HIS v RIS lu tr s kt ni my trm hin th vi mn hnh kp:

Mn hnh kp

1600x1280

1600x1280

Lu tr cc b
Bn mch video DOME MD2/PCI

My tnh ch (host computer)

B thch ng ATM

B thch ng ethernet

a cng Ultra wide SCSI

Chuyn mch ATM

Chuyn mch ethernet

Cu 2: c im, chc nng ca Cc thnh phn trong trm hin th? 1.1 ng mch vi o: - Bng mch video c 2 thnh phn chnh l n v x l v b nh - 2 loi b nh thng c s dng l RAM v VRAM - nh mi trm hin th th u tin s c lu tr trong b nh RAM ny. Nu RAM khng b nh th d liu nh s c chia nh ra v phn phi trn RAM v b nh cc b. Hot ng ny gi l hon chuyn a. SAu d liu c a ti VRAM hin th ln mn hnh. -VRAM c tc vo/ra cao hn RAM nhng li c dung lng nh hn, -Nu RAM khng b nh th s tip tc c thut ton chuyn phn mm v hon chuyn nh. Khi qu trnh hin th s chm i 1.2 n hnh: - S dng ng in t CRT(Cathode Ray Tube) do cht lng nh quan st cao hn cc cng ngh khc nh: Mn hnh tinh th lng LCD, n chn khng - Cc yu t k thut nh hng cht lng nh hin th: + K thut qut nh + Loi phosphor s dng -Cc yu t k thut ca mn hnh: + phn gii: 1K-1024 dng; 2K-2048 dng + chiu sng v tng phn chiu sng: candela/m2 hoc foot lambert(ft-L) 1ft-L= 3.426cd/m2 tng phn: C=(Lo-LB )/Lo . y tnh ch : - Thc hin nhim v qun l, iu khin mi hot ng ti trm hin th - c cu hnh tng i mnh c th thi hnh cc h htng phn mm iu khin, c bit l qu trnh x l nh . nh cc b: - Lu tr ton b d liu ti trm hin th c bit l cc chng trnh ng dng trn my ch v d liu nh ca bnh nhn - C dung lng cao - T ng gii phng b nh cc b khi bnh nhn ra vin

Cu 3. Cc loi trm hin th v chc nng? C 4 loi: +Trm chn on: -Dng cho cc bc s X quang v chuyn gia chn on lm chn on chnh -Cc thnh phn trong trm Cn c cht lng cc tt. Nu trm dng cho chiu nh X quang th s dng mn hnh 2K, ngoi ra trm cn cn 1 my ghi m s dng bo co cc kt qu chn on, phn mm ghi kt qu chn on vo nh, +Trm ph duyt kim tra -Dng cho cc bc s xt nghim ph chun ca xt nghim trong bung bnh -Ti trm ny, bc s xt nghim khng cn phi xem xt t m nh trm chn on +Trm phn tch -Dng cho cc bc s phn tch nh trch ra cc tham s c ch cho qu trnh chn on -C th trch ra t cc cng c trong phn mm x l nh ROI(Region Of Internet) hoc tnh ton ring -Do yu cu phi c b vi x l mnh v phn mm ti u cho trm ny +Trm in nh v s ha -Dng cho cc k thutvin chuyn t nh s sang dng film in -Thc hin s ha cc film t cc khoa a ti lu tr trong PACS -Yu cu cn c cc my ph tr nh: My laser film scanner, my laser film imager, v my paper printer Cu 4: Cc yu cu v mi trng ti trm hin th + chiu sng bao quanh - Cng chiu sng tiu chun l 700Lux - Theo cc nh phu thut th cn 125Lux - Tuy nhin vi mc ny th vic c, vit vn bn s kh khn - thng nht chn ngng t 250 n 400Lux + Nhiu m thanh ca phn cng - Do khi hot ng, cc phn cng cn phi c lm mt bng cc qut gi, chng s gy ra nhiu kh cao - Hn na cc b phn nh my tnh, vi x l, mn hnhcng gy ra nhiu cho trm hin th - Do , khi thit k trm hin th cn ohi ti thiu ha cc loi nhiu nh hng