Professional Documents
Culture Documents
The following is presented to NYAPP to promote general awareness of Smart Meters and the advantages they potentially afford utilities
Introduction
GE Energy GE Energy
Carl W. Chermak Carl W. Chermak Meter Systems Engineer
Meter Systems Engineer T&D Solutions T&D Solutions T 315 452-7260 T 315 452-7260 C 315 436-8696 C 315 436-8696 Carl.chermak@ge.com Carl.chermak@ge.com www.geenergy.com www.geenergy.com 7400 Round Pond Road 7400 Round Pond Road Syracuse, NY 13212 Syracuse, NY 13212
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Introduction
AMR Automatic Meter Reading is a one-way technology pioneered in the 1980s to
enable remote reading of meters. Communication only from the meter to the reading device.
AMI Advanced Metering Infrastructure is a two-way technology that has matured tremendously
in the last four years to permit two way communication with metering endpoints. AMI enables a head end system to request data from the meter (billing and meter state) and issue various commands to meters to: enter a special mode of operation (TOU, Demand, begin Demand Limiting operation, open/close a disconnect switch, etc.
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Standards
Proprietary
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Bottom line: AMI is an infrastructure that supports high bandwidth, two way communications that can effectively provide a daily read.
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AMI Drivers
Energy bill, emerging regulatory mandates and business models o Time-of-use metering and billing provisions o Decreased meter read costs and reduced reliance on estimates Need to support more frequent meter reads than possible with current technologies Daily reads are a stated benchmark but needing to read on a more frequent basis is likely Desire to use meter data in diverse applications across the organization: o Outage detection and management o Planning activities o Billing and customer interface
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WAMS
CIS
GIS
Billing
Other
Communicatio n Infrastructure
Urban
SCADA
Cell
PLC
Rural
Dist. Auto.
Voltage Control
Metering
Distribution Sensing
Data Management & security with multiple communication paths; utility selects communication technology based on functionality and cost Standards compliant communication infrastructure shared by multiple applications Promotes broad use and exchange of data; modular architecture affords scalability
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Communications
The demands of AMI impose requirements for communications: Support two-way communications High bandwidth Support for multiple backhaul paths/technologies Support remote programming of meter and other devices Incorporate open standards
o IP addressable o Security provisions o Support other uses; built-out network infrastructure o Vendor independence
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Meters
Smart metering is the new standard for AMI
Support two-way communications More capabilities than an energy-only meter
o Demand response o Net metering o Power quality o TOU, distributed generation
Remotely program/configure/upgrade Standards compliance i.e. ANSI compliance ensures meter functions are certified Provision for remote turn on/off Data storage architecture where is meter data stored Power loss and data back-up provisions
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kVarh Reactive
Lagging only Leading only Lagging + Leading Lagging Leading
kVAh (Phasor Apparent) VA RMS Min, Max, Avg Voltage Sag/Swell (count and magnitude)
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Cautions Low battery caution Unprogrammed caution Loss of program caution DC detected caution Low potential caution Demand overload caution Leading kVar caution Received kW caution Service error detected
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Energy-Participating Homes (EPH) Homes incorporate one or more of: On-site energy resources (solar energy) Energy storage (backup functions) Energy efficiency and conservation
TOU and RTP capability via AMI Demand response Home automation Consumer Portal new services
Consumer Benefits Reduced energy bills (~50% reduction seen in examples to date) Improved reliability through off-grid operation (with storage) Simplified participation in Demand Response programs (automation) Simplified energy billing & trending
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Utility demand side mgt control Home area network Plug in hybrid electric vehicles
Utility
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Communication
Solar Inverter
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Significant potential for business benefits will drive the take-up of AMI; . The following benefits have been realized through AMI implementation:
Billing and customer care: 2 7% Asset management: 4 19% Collections: 15 25% Load forecasting: 9 14% Demand management: 2 - 22% Tariff and regulatory: 1 4%
Benefits can also accrue from other applications areas depending on the specifics of the utilitys operations, the extent and nature of AMI deployment, and business process changes associated with that deployment
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Technology Challenges
Evolving computer technology and applications requirements must be considered; these drive an approach grounded in standards:
Chip level technology issues
o Technology turns over every 18-24 months o Obsolescence at 2-5 times historical rates
Currently, most commercial AMR communication technologies present a dilemma with regard to future capability
o Proprietary protocols; limited upgrade potential; very limited bandwidth o Not developed with an integrated, operational view
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There is currently significant activity in California that will drive consensus: o Three major California utilities are pursuing AMI technology and have the attention of regulators o Will drive down costs, solidify standards, mitigate perceived risks o California is a bellwether and action there will impact other regulatory jurisdictions
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It is Asset Management
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Information Infrastructure
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Energy Efficiency
Reduced Energy Losses Active/Passive Demand-side Management
Customer Satisfaction
Enable Customer Self-Service / Reduce Call Center Inquiries Improved Revenue Collection
Intelligent Grid
Environmental Impact
Reduced Greenhouse Gas Emissions Delayed Generation & Transmission Capital Investments
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0.20
0.40
0.60
0.80
1.00
1.20
6 R ed uc ed
Inv es tm en ts
Relatively small incremental investments to Smart Metering can provide significant, additional Benefits!
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Distribution Automation
Fault Detection, Isolation, Restoration (FDIR), Integrated Volt/VAR management, including switch/cap controllers, switched capacitors & voltage regulators
Substation Automation/M&D
Substation controller and transformer monitoring and diagnostics
Distribution Operations
DMS/OMS software and interface to existing applications, control center digitization, and enterprise integration
Systems Integration
Enterprise Service Bus with adapters to all building blocks
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T&D
Back Office
Geospatial Asset Mgmnt SCADA/EMS/DMS Software Optimization & Diagnostics Metering Comm Systems Communications Security Work Force Management
Customer
Comm & Indust
C&I Smart Meters Water Treatment Appliances Lighting Automation Energy Finance
Natural Gas
Large-Frame Turbines LM Turbines Energy Finance
Substations
Communications from Office to Sub to Meter Automation Protection Network Equipment Physical and Cyber Security Asset Condition Monitoring Engr Procure Const Projects Transformers - Pwr, Dist, Net Capacitors Voltage Regulators Surge Arrestors Busway Medium Volt Breaker
Residential
Smart Meters Home Area Nets Appliances EcoPanel Security Lighting Healthcare Entertainment Consumer Services Water Systems Load Control DSM Sensors
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Infrastructure
CO2 Capture
BP H2 Joint Venture Synfuels Technology
Now there is a need to rationalize current metering practices against emerging needs and requirements:
Determine future needs and applications demands that will be placed on the metering infrastructure Survey existing metering infrastructure and assess its capabilities against future demands such as time-of-use, outage management, remote turn-on/off, etc Determine migration path to future technologies including internal use of meter data
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