BY

M.PRUDVI RAJ (08N41A0455) CH.PRAVEEN KUMAR (08N41A0453)

M.KRANTHI KUMAR (08N41A0431)

G.RAJEEV KUMAR (08N41A0456)

 Most of the fatal or serious accidents are associated with

excessive or inappropriate speed. Safety will be achieved by automatic driving controls and a growing number of sensors both on the road infrastructure and the vehicle itself. The key idea offered is to use Radio Frequency Identification (RFID) technology to tag the warning signals placed in the dangerous portions of the road.

 To control the speed of the vehicles at restricted areas in city

(viz. school zone, hospital zone) with certain speed limits mentioned on the roads. Here we are using RFID card reader in identifying the speed limit mentioned on the road, which is interfacing with the controller. RFID is a key role in our project.

 MICRO CONTROLLER RFID CARD RFID CARD READER MAX-232 DC MOTOR MOTOR DRIVER LCD

(AT89S52)

Compatible with MCS-51 Products 8K Bytes of In-System Programmable (ISP) Flash Memory Endurance: 1000 Write/Erase Cycles 4.0V to 5.5V Operating Range Fully Static Operation: 0 Hz to 33 MHz 256K Internal RAM 32 Programmable I/O Lines 3 16-bit Timer/Counters Eight Interrupt Sources Dual Data Pointer Power-off Flag

 Radio Frequency Identification (RFID) is a technology that

uses radio frequencies to automatically identify and track people or objects. RFID offers higher data storage capacities, higher identification speeds, and greater immediacy and accuracy of data collection

 At a basic level, each tag works in the same way:

Data stored within an RFID tag's microchip waits to be

read. The tag's antenna receives electromagnetic energy from an RFID reader's antenna. Using power from its internal battery or power harvested from the reader's electromagnetic field, the tag sends radio waves back to the reader. The reader picks up the tag's radio waves and interprets the frequencies as meaningful data.

 An RFID reader is a device that is used to interrogate

an RFID tag. The reader has an antenna that emits radio waves; the tag responds by sending back its data.
RFID tags transmit their identification code and are

detected by the RFID readers onboard the vehicle. The information is transmitted to a MC, which determines the correspondence between tag ID and readers. This MC communicates the new target speed as well as other relevant data for the control of the vehicle.

 It is a dual RS232 receiver / transmitter that meets all RS232

specifications while using only +5V power supply. It has two onboard charge pump voltage converters which generate +10V to -10V power supplies from a single 5V supply. It has four level translators, two of which are RS232 transmitters that convert TTL/CMOS input levels into +9V RS232 outputs. The other two level translators are RS232 receivers that convert RS232 input to 5V.

An electric motor is a machine which converts electrical energy into mechanical energy. A DC motor is designed to run on DC electric power. When electric field passes through the coil in a magnetic field, the magnetic force produces a torque which turns the DC motor.

Electric current is supplied externally through commutator Magnetic force acts perpendicular to both wire and magnetic field

Current in dc motor Torque in dc motor

Commutator reverses the current each half revolution to keep the torque running the coil in the same direction

The running torque of the motor is proportional to magnetic field The magnetic field is directed from north pole to south pole.

Magnetic field in dc motor

Magnetic force acts perpendicular to both wire and magnetic field

Force in dc motor

A relay is an electrical switch that opens and closes under the control of another electrical circuit. In the original form, the switch is operated by electromagnet to open or close one or many sets of contact, because of the relay is able to control an output circuit higher power than the input circuit.

A 16x2 LCD can display 16 characters per line , there are two such lines. In this LCD Each character is displayed in 5x7 pixel matrix. This LCD has two registers: Command and Data. In our project, we use this LCD for displaying the speed of the vehicle when it is entered into rfid region and normal region.

 Based on rfid principle, whenever the rfid card reads

certain frequency (speed in this case), the vehicle speed reduces to that limit of speed. This limit of speed is maintained until the frequency changes. As soon as the vehicle crosses over the speed limit zone, it moves with its own speed.

VIN (ac)

2 | | | | | | |

3 | | | | | | |

Regulator
1 2 3

4 | | | | | | |

Vout (dc)

VIN (ac)

For biasing the microcontroller 5 volts is required and hence this circuit is used to get an output of 5 volts.

Language : Embedded C TOOLS: Keil vision3. The Keil is used to compile the program written in embedded C and convert it to hex file. Express PCB. C Source Compiler.

Accidents are avoided at least in the speed restricted areas such as school and hospital zones. Moreover it also ensures efficient transportation of vehicles. Restricted areas are controlled automatically rather than manually. Ease of checking process at high ways and check points. The proposed on-board architecture is portable and easily adaptable to any commercial car with minimal modifications.

 In our project, only the test vehicle was present on the

road. In normal driving situations, we can expect other vehicles circulating nearby and possibly blocking or attenuating some of the RFID transmitting signals, especially with large vehicles like trucks. In this aspect, more experimentation is needed to know how this circumstance will affect the vehicles control performance. A possible solution is the use of redundant RFID tags (since their cost relatively low), placed at different locations near the restricted zones, to guarantee RF signal reception in unfavorable conditions

 The speed control of a vehicle on the road which can help

to decrease one of the major causes of fatalities: the excessive or inadequate vehicle speed. since active RFID technology permits to detect the presence and identity of the vehicles reliably and sufficiently in advance, so corrective actions on the vehicles behaviour can be taken. the vehicles speed is successfully controlled as a result of the detection of the signals, increasing the drivers safety.