XVI.

GLUCOZ
(Glucoz, Glucose, Gluco, Glucoza, Dextrose, ng nho)

XVI.1. nh ngha Glucoz l mt loi gluxit (glucid, cht bt ng, cacbon hirat, carbohydrates) n gin nht (ng n, monosaccarit, monosaccarid, monosacchride, loi gluxit khng b thy phn na). Glucoz gp nhiu trong tri nho chn, cc tri cy chn khc, cng nh trong mt ong. Glucoz c Andreas Marggraf ly trch u tin t tri nho kh vo nm 1747. Tn glucose c Jean Dumas t vo nm 1838. Tn glucose xut pht t ting Hy Lp glycos, c ngha l ng hay ngt. Cu to ca glucoz c Emil Fisher khm ph vo khong thi gian t cui th k 19 n u th k 20.

XVI.2. Cng thc phn t Glucoz c CTPT l C6H12O6 ( = 1 c 1 lin kt i hoc 1 vng)

Glucoz l mt cht rn, kt tinh, khng mu, c nhit nng chy 146C, ha tan nhiu trong nc, c v ngt, nhng khng ngt bng ng ma (saccaroz, saccarose, sucrose, C12H22O11). Glucoz c ngt bng 0,6 ln so vi ng ma (cho ngt ca ng ma l 1, th ngt ca glucoz bng 0,6). Glucoz c trong c th ngi cng nh ng vt. Trong mu ngi c khong 0,1% glucoz (v khi lng). Trong mt ong c khong 30% glucoz. XVI.3. Cng thc cu to Glucoz c ba dng cng thc cu to gm mt dng mch h v hai dng vng. Khi ha tan trong nc to dung dch, glucoz c s cn bng, chuyn ha qua li v tn ti c ba dng cu to ny, trong dng vng hin din nhiu hn.

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