6

The particle aspects of electromagnetic

radiation



-1
X-Ray Production

-2
The Compton Effect

-3
Pair Production and Annihilation

:
E= hc/
E= h

( )
.

..




Bremsstrahlung

Breaking radiation

:

 Ek1
Ek2 hv.

)(1

Ek1 - Ek2 = hv

2000
.

1895 Roentgen

X-ray

( 1).

F C

( ) Target 30000

. T :

)Ek = eV (2

e V .

(.)1

( )1
& Ek1 = eV
Ek2 = 0



)(3

eV =Ek = hnmax

nmax


- 1 .
-2 .
-3
.
1A=10-10 m , 1nm=10-9 m , 1nm= 10 A
-4

-5


.

-1

V1
V2 ,

 -2
:

 :
-1 continuous
spectrum Line spectrum
-2 vmax
.

-3


()
.

The Compton Effect

Scattering

( )




.

1923




,



,
.
,


E=hn




,

.

,
.
,
( )

.


() ()

h/mec

180.
D = ' -



Energy of the photon E = hv = hc/
Momentum of the photon P = h/

..

' >

Eo =moc2

hn + Eo = hn + E

hn - hn = E - Eo

E2


Dl .q Dl
mo () .q

Compton wavelength

:
h/moc = 0.024


180.

( )


= 0

= 0

= 90

= 0.024

= 180

= 0.048


180

head-on-collision

!!

.

( )