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Magnesium anodes

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Detailed Engineering Calculations

Design parameter
The design life of the system Coating condition Offshore site condition (water depth, oxygen content, turbulence, temperature, water resistivity etc.) Required capacity

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Required Protection Potential Construction drawing (Wetted Surface Data) Anode utilization factor 0,90(long slender stand) 0,85 (long flush mounted) 0,80 (short flush mounted) 0,80 (Bracelet half-shell type) 0,75 (Bracelet segmented type) Long: length 4x thickness Short: length < 4x thickness Current demand calculation (Ic) The current requirement to protect the steel structure shall be calculate from the following formula: Ic = Ac x fc x ic (Amperes) Ac = Individual areas fc = coating breakdown factor ic = current density Coating breakdown factor (fc) and paint coating The coating breakdown factor can be described as: fc = k1 + k2 x t t = coating life time K1,K2 = constants that are dependent on the coating properties

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Coating category II(k1=0.05) III(k1=0.02) IV(k1=0.02) Depth I k2 k2 k2 (m) (k1=0.10) k2 0-30 >30 0.10 0.05 0.03 0.02 0.015 0.012 0.012 0.012

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Coating Category I

Description

One layer of primer coat about 50m nominal DFT (Dry Film Thickness) One layer of primer coat plus minimum one layer of intermediate top coat, 150 to 250m nominal DFT One layer of primer coat plus minimum two layer of intermediate top coats, minimum 300m nominal DFT One layer of primer coat plus minimum three layer of intermediate top coats, minimum 450m nominal DFT

II

III

IV

Anodes mass calculation (M) The total net anode mass M(kg) of sacrificial anodes shall be calculate from the following formula: t = design life (Years) u = utilization factor = electrochemical efficiency (Ampere*Hours) Anode resistance calculation (Ra) The anode resistance for long flush mounted anodes calculated with the following formula: The anode resistance for sort flush mounted bracelet and other flush mounted shapes anodes calculated with the following formula The anode resistance for long slender stand-off anodes calculated with the following formula: = Environmental resistivity (ohm cm) L = length of anode (cm) r = equivalent radius of anodes (cm) S = arithmetic mean of anode lenght and width (cm) A = exposed anode surface area (cm2)

Where C = cross sectional periphery for non - cylindrical anodes. (cm) For the calculation of final anodes resistance Ra (final) we must calculate the Final length L(final) L(final) = L(initial) - 0,1 x u x L(initial) (cm) Final mass M(final) M(final) = M(initial) x (1 - u) (Kg) Final cross section periphery r(final) ro = radius of anode core (cm) m = anode mass (kg) d = Anode density = 2,75 E-03kg/cm3 Anode current output (Iind) The anode current output is given by:

V= driving Voltage (V) Ra = Anode resistance (ohm)

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We must calculate the Iind (Initial) & Iind (final) Anode number calculation The number of anode required is determined from the following formulas: Where: Iind = individual anode current output (A) I = current requirement (A) Mind = individual abode net weight (kg) M = required anode weight (kg) The number of anodes must satisfy both the current demand through out the life time (N1) and (N3) and the weight requirement (N2) N = max(N1N2N3)

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