2

 ‫א אلض‬.‫ذ‬
  !"#$%‫א אو‬
 www.elghzizal.canalblog.com 2&‫و*)("م‬+‫א‬

‫ﺍﻟﻜﻴﻤﻴﺎﺀ‬
3Ca 2+ ( aq ) + 2 PO4 ( aq )  → Ca3 (PO4 )2 ( S ) :‫(د 
א‬1
3− ‫ء‬

CaCl 2   → Ca 2 + + 2 Cl − :‫(ذونوאم‬2

‫ء‬
n (Cl − )
n (CaCl 2 ) = n (Ca 2 + ) =
2

[ ] [Cl2 ]
3−
Na3 PO4  → 3Na3+ + PO4
− ‫ء‬
C1 = Ca 2+ = :‫(ذون 
אدم‬3
[Ca ] = C = 5.10 mol .l
2+
1
−2 −1

[Cl ] = 2C = 10 mol .l
−
1
−1 −1

[ ] = [Na3 ]
+
3−
C 2 = PO4

[PO ] = 10
4
3− −2
mol.l −1 :‫א وאد‬
[Na ] = 3.10
+ −2
mol.l −1
 4‫و‬n (X) =C. VS ‫ن‬12)3:‫م‬$/0‫ 
א‬+$ ,-$).‫א"!
א*)('א‬#‫
د‬$%&(4
[Ca ] = C .V
2+
1 1 = 5.10 −2.30 .10 −3 = 1,5.10 −3 mol •
[PO ] = C .V
4
3−
2 2 = 10 − 2.20 .10 − 3 = 2.10 − 4 mol

56‫ولא‬8‫(א‬5





 (()*‫م‬#+ ,-.!)‫"! א‬#$‫
א‬%&‫א‬
 ‫א‬0‫
وאא‬%‫א‬1‫)د‬/ (6
  n[Ca 3 (PO 4 )2 ] = 10 −4 mol ‫ و‬n(Ca 2+ ) = 15,6.10 −4 mol ‫ و‬n( PO 4 3− ) = 0mol
m
 n = ⇒ m = n.M = 10 − 4.310 = 31.10 −3 g = 31mg
M

1
 2
 ‫א אلض‬.‫ذ‬
  !"#$%‫א אو‬
 www.elghzizal.canalblog.com 2&‫و*)("م‬+‫א‬

  [Ca 2+ ] f =
nf 1.56.10 −3 2+
= = 3.12.10 − 2 mol.l −1 "0, # #829Ca 2+3%&‫ א‬4‫א‬1‫د‬56,7
VT (30 + 20).10 −3

2+ −
  CaCl
‫ء‬
2 
 → Ca + 2 Cl :: #(7
-2 -1
m  :‫ذא‬BC1= 5.10 mol.l 0, ‫لذو‬$‫אא‬A"230ml;<=%‫א?ز‬%‫א‬6,&
n= = C1 .V1 ⇒ m = M .C1 .V1 = 111 .5.10 − 2 .30 .10 − 3 = 0.17 g
M  :: #(8
3+ 3−
Na3 PO4 ‫ء‬

 → 3Na + PO
4
 :EC%5‫א‬D5 •
 EC%‫א‬#EC%‫ א‬3* •
V2FG/‫و‬C20, ‫ذو‬S2V0 FG/‫و‬C0:0, ‫ذو‬S0

 C0V0 = C2V2:EC%‫*نא‬

10 −2.100
1ml B*C3DE<F  ‫ א‬V0 = = 1ml :‫ع‬.
 V2 >?50V029:‫;א‬/<+= •
1
 KE$‫א‬-.‫א('א‬L‫א‬M$>310ml 29<E$)D<GH>3‫مو‬I‫)لא‬J‫א‬

‫ﺍﻟﻔﻴﺰﻳﺎﺀ‬
 :‫ول‬+‫א‬, % ‫א‬
 "51%67 ‫א‬89:" ‫א‬8"0 ‫نא‬+<=)" 4‫א‬:/"0 ‫א‬123(1
r r r
W (T ) = 0 ⇔ T ⊥ V ‫ن‬+‫א "زن‬
 (2




EP(Z) = mgZ +C
Z = 0 ⇔ EP = 0 :?@‫ א‬A‫א‬
EP (Z) = mgZ :‫ذא‬CC = 0 :B‫و‬
‫ذא‬CZ = L – L.cos (θ):16 ‫א‬,
 EP = mgL(1- cos θ)
EP (0) = mgL (1 – cosθ0) B‫و‬θ = θ0 9 t = 0<( ‫א‬9)
2
 2
 ‫א אلض‬.‫ذ‬
  !"#$%‫א אو‬
 www.elghzizal.canalblog.com 2&‫و*)("م‬+‫א‬

E m(0) : ‫(א א‬3

Em = Ep + Ec = ½.mV2 + mgL(1- cos θ)
Em =½.mV0 2 + mgL(1- cos θ0) t =0 9)

E m = E P = mgL (1 – cosθm) :B‫و‬E C = 0 EF ‫א‬D"%θ = θm $9)(4

 : θm‫ج‬%%H‫א‬

Em0 = Em2

1/2.m.V02 + m.g.L.(1-cos(θ0)) = m.g.L.(1-cos(θm))

1/2.V02 + g.L - g.L.cos(θ0) = g.L - g.L.cos(θm)

V02 -2.g.L.cos(θ0) = -2.g.L.cos(θm)

 2 gL cos θ 0 − V0
2
cos θ m =
2 gL
2.9,81 .0,80. cos 30 − 1,5 2
cos θ m =
2.9,81.0,80
cos θ m = 0,72 ⇔ θ m = 43,7°

 Z =Z m0I()F*C1   ‫א‬JKL(‫ن‬FMN7 ‫)א‬O ‫(א‬6

 :9$ ‫ א‬A‫א‬ •

Ec0 = 1/2.m.V0' 2.:

Ep0 = m.g.L.(1-cos(θ0)):
Em0 = 1/2.m.V0' 2 + m.g.L.(1-cos(θ0))

:J ‫ א‬A‫א‬ •

Ep2 = 2.m.g.L. 02 ‫א‬#&" ‫א‬P 1/2.m.V22.!A‫א א‬

Em2 = 1/2.m.V22 + 2.m.g.L‫א א‬

:<=)" 4‫א‬ •

Em0 = Em2
1/2.m.V0' 2 + m.g.L.(1-cos(θ θ0)) = 1/2.m.V22 + 2.m.g.L
2
V0' + 2.g.L.(1-cos(θ θ0)) = V22 + 4.g.L
2
V0' + 2.g.L. - 2.g.L.cos(θθ0) = V22 + 4.g.L

3
 2
 ‫א אلض‬.‫ذ‬
  !"#$%‫א אو‬
 www.elghzizal.canalblog.com 2&‫و*)("م‬+‫א‬

θ1))
V0' 2 = V22 + 2.g.L + 2.g.L.cos(θ
θ0))
V0' 2 = V22 + 2.g.L.(1 + cos(θ
V0' 2 = 52 + 2.9,81.0,80.(1 + cos(30))
V0' 2 = 54,29 m2.s-2
V0' = 7,37 m.s-1.



  2 ‫א‬, % ‫א‬

:Q%:R‫א‬1 J (1
 (1.1
EP(Z) = mgZ +C : 02 ‫א‬#&" ‫א‬P •
Z = 0 ⇔ EP = 0 :?@‫ א‬A‫א‬
 EP (Z) = mgZ :‫ذא‬CC = 0 :B‫و‬
E C = ½.mV2:!A‫א א‬ •
 E m = E C + EP=mgZ+ ½.mV2:‫• א א‬
()
r
 :!A‫א א‬5SMO:، W R = 0 ‫ذא‬C1 JQ%:R‫(א‬2.1


()
r
∆Em = W R = 0

∆Em = 0 ⇔ Em = C ste :<=)" 4‫א‬

 L O‫א‬UO:(3.1
B 0 ‫א‬9) •
EcB = 0.: ‫ا
 اآ‬
EpB = m.g.yB‫
 ا ا ك‬
EmB = EcB + EpB <=> EmB=m.g.yB

A0 ‫א‬9) •

EpA = m.g.yA. ‫ 

 ا ا‬: EcA = 1/2.m.Vo2.‫ا
 اآ‬

EmA = EcA + EpA

<=> EmA = 1/2.m.Vo + m.g.yA
2

<=)" 4‫א‬ •

EmA = EmB

1/2.m.Vo2 + m.g.yA = m.g.yB

4
 2
 ‫א אلض‬.‫ذ‬
  !"#$%‫א אو‬
 www.elghzizal.canalblog.com 2&‫و*)("م‬+‫א‬

Vo2 = 2.g.(yB - yA)

α), d'où:
Or yB - yA = L.sin(α

α)
Vo2 = 2.g.L.sin(α

2
V0 52
L= = = 3,65m
2.g . sin α 2.9,81. sin 20

 (2

()
r
 <X[\‫א א‬B‫ و‬W R ≠ 0 Y:Z?Q%:‫ "@"دא‬#@‫ق‬X ‫(א‬1.2
 :‫א א‬5S(2.2

()
r
∆E = W R
 ‫[א א‬MO 
m

∆Em = EmB - EmA

∆Em = EcB + EpB -EcA - EpA
∆Em = m.g.yB - m.g.yA - 1/2.m.Vo2
∆Em = m.g.(yB - yA) - 1/2.m.Vo2
∆Em = m.g.L.sin(αα) - 1/2.m.Vo2
∆Em = m.(g.L.sin(αα) - Vo2/2)

∆Em = 5.(10.2,5.sin(20) - 52/2):‫ع‬.]

∆Em = -19,7 J.
 :‫ج‬%%H‫א‬
W( ) = ∆Em
W( ) = -19,7 J.

 :Q%:RK‫و‬0‫א‬8"0 ‫א‬89_‫ج‬%%H‫(א‬3.2
W( ) = - f.L

W( )/L = - f
 f = 7,90 N