Selection

Variable speed drives for asynchronous motors

Altivar 71
Option: braking units and resistors
Determining the braking unit and resistor
Calculating the various braking powers makes it possible to determine the braking unit and the braking resistor. Presentation of the two main types of operation: A and B A The braking power during deceleration is characterized by a peak power Pf obtained at the start of deceleration, which decreases to 0 in proportion with the speed. Example: Stopping centrifuges, translational movement, change of direction, etc

B Braking power at constant speed n2. Example: Vertical downward movement, motor/generator test bench, gravity conveyors, etc.

>

n1 n2 Tl Tb Pb P bf tb

Motor speed Motor speed during deceleration Load torque Braking torque Maximum braking power Average braking power during time tb Braking time

[rpm] [rpm] [Nm] [Nm] [W] [W] [s]

n n1 0
T Tl tb Tb

n +n 1 0
tb tb

-n

Tl

t
Pbraking tb Pb Pb Pb Pbraking

t
t

Note: These two types of operation can be combined. Type A operation Calculating the braking time from the inertia. Jt b = ----------------Tb + Tr = 2 n -------------60 J ( n 3 n 4 ) T b = --------------------------------9,55 t b Tb n3 P b = ---------------9,55 Pb P b = ----2
Tb J n n3 n4 tb Pb Pb Tr Motor braking torque Total inertia applied to the motor Motor speed Motor speed ahead of gearbox Motor speed after gearbox Braking time Peak braking power Average braking power during time tb Resistive torque [Nm] [kgm2] [rpm] [rpm] [rpm] [s] [W] [W] [Nm]
Machine Motor Gearbox

n3

n4

J = Jmotor +Japplied

i=

n3 n4

Japplied =

Jmachine
i
2

Presentation: pages 60288/2 and 60288/4

Characteristics: pages 60288/2 and 60288/4

References: pages 60288/3 and 60288/5

Dimensions: pages 60294/12 and 60294/13

Schemes: page 60295/8

60288-EN_Ver2.1.fm/8

Selection (continued)

Variable speed drives for asynchronous motors

Altivar 71
Option: braking units and resistors

Type B operation
1 Braking power of a load moving horizontally with constant deceleration (e.g.: carriage) W m v tb Pb Pb Tb n g a v J tb Kinetic energy Weight Speed Braking time Peak braking power Average braking power during time tb Braking torque Motor speed Acceleration Deceleration Linear downward speed Moment of inertia Angular speed Downward stopping time [Joule] [kg] [m/s] [s] [W] [W] [Nm] [rpm]

mv W = -------------2

Pb = W ---tb

Pb = Pb 2

2 Braking power for an active load (e.g.: test bench)

Tb n P b = ------------9,95

9.81 m/s2 [m/s2] 3 Braking power for a downward vertical movement [m/s] [kgms2] 2 Pb = m g v Pb = m ( g + a ) v + J ------------[rad/s]

tf

= 2 n -------------60

[s]

All the braking power calculations are only true if it is assumed that there are no losses ( = 1) and that there is no resistive torque. To be even more precise, the following must be considered: b the losses and the resistive torque of the system, which reduce the necessary braking power b the driving torque (the wind, for example) which increases the braking power The required braking power is calculated as follows:
P bR P bR total Pload drive mec mot Maximum actual braking power Continuous actual braking power [W] [W]

Total efficiency Braking power connected with the resistive or [W] driving torque (not taken into account in the calculation). Pload can be positive or negative. Drive efficiency = 0.98 Mechanical efficiency Motor efficiency

P bR = ( P b P load ) total

P bR = ( P b P load ) total

total = mec mot 0,98

Udc

Braking unit engage threshold

[V]

For braking, the value of the braking resistor is selected to match the required power and the braking cycle. In general: U dc U dc P bR = ------------- R = ------------ R P bR
2 2

tc P b0 t0 P b1 t1 Pb P b2 t2 Pcontinuous

Cycle time Upward braking power, therefore zero Rise time Average braking power during downward movement Downward movement time Peak braking power Standstill braking time

[s] [W] [s] [W] [1] [W] [s] [W]

Continuous power is obtained by taking the operating cycle into account.

^ Pb _ Pb1 _ Pb0 t0
tc

_ Pb2

Average power during braking to a standstill [W]

P b0 t 0 + P b1 t 1 + P b2 t 2 = -----------------------------------------------------------------------tc

t1

t2

The braking unit is selected taking the following into account: b the continuous power P f1 b the average braking power during downward movement P f2 b the peak power P f . Depending on these elements, select the braking unit according to the characteristics on page 60288/2. The braking resistor is selected taking account of the same elements listed above, but with the addition of a check to ensure 2 U dc that the resistance value will allow the peak power to be exceeded R = ------------- . Pf Note: The resistance value must always be greater than or equal to the values given in the tables on pages 60288/4 and 60288/6.

Presentation: pages 60288/2 and 60288/4

Characteristics: pages 60288/2 and 60288/4

References: pages 60288/3 and 60288/5

Dimensions: pages 60294/12 and 60294/13

Schemes: page 60295/8

60288-EN_Ver2.1.fm/9