Arno Rosenfeld 1/10/10

Syntax and Diction to Convey Dehumanization in Night

In Night, Elie Wiesel employs diction and syntax to show the dehumanizing effects that Holocaust had on him and his fellow prisoners. It's hard for most to imagine what it's like to be dehumanized to such an extent as we saw during the the Holocaust. In order to convey the emotional pain he endured, Wiesel tends to use choppy, abrupt sentences to convey the sense of loss that he felt and that he saw. In his use of diction, Wiesel has a tendency to focus on longer, key words and surround them by small, meaningless words, to add emphasis where he wants it. This leaves the reader with a few main words that define the dehumanization. We see this with such words as shadow, filthy and swept. This way, the reader isn't bogged down by wordiness or by long complex sentences and is instead given several words that pierce the soul and give a sense of the piercing effect that the Nazi's had on the prisoners humanity. In chapter four, Wiesel writes I was nothing but a body. Perhaps even less: a famished stomach. In this quote Wiesel is describing the effects that the lack of food has had on him as the Nazi's gradually cut off their food rations to take away the basic needs as described in Maslow's hierarchy. The lack of food succeeds in making him feel like his is withering away and ceasing to be a person. Now, he is no more than stomach. Reduced from being a human to being an animal, always looking for his next meal. Wiesel employs syntax to successfully convey the dehumanization by the choppiness of the quote. It denotes a sense of defeat almost, and has hints of a dying mans last words. Spit out in pieces, instead of a fluid and verbose statement. This gives a strong sense of desperation coming from this fifteen year old boy, and shows the pain he was feeling now. He has gone from a student of Torah, in his comfortable town, in his comfortable house, with his loving family. To nothing more than a famished stomach.

Wiesel uses this quote to describe the loss of humanity he felt as he lost his faith. I was nothing but ashes now... Here Wiesel uses both syntax and diction to make his point. While not a choppy sentence, it is very brief. The idea of burning down to just ashes because of his loss of faith in God could be written about at length, he could go on for chapters about that, but instead he sums it up in this brief phrase. Wiesel is able to convey more in these six words than he could in six chapters. His diction highlights two key words, nothing and ashes. With every other word being three letters or less, the reader is left with these two words seared in their memory. This is what he wants. When you pair the two words it shows that he was once something, a person, and was now nothing, just as a fire was once something, until it became ashes. Rabbi Eliahu had maintained his strength, enduring throughout all the hardships of the Holocaust and concentration camps. However, when his son left him, he was no longer strong. And so he left, as he had come; a shadow swept away by the wind. He was now just a shadow. A sliver of a man. He had no emotion or compassion, he had no strength of power as he was swept. Wiesel's diction here is important because of the connotations associated with the words he used. Swept is often used to talk about garbage or other meaningless things that hold no value. No longer was Rabbi Eliahu a man, now he was nothing more than trash, or dust. His fight was gone, and now he was carried of by the breeze. Once Rabbi Eliahu had lost his value as a human, he was able to be swept away. This quote shows the subtle and yet powerful effect of Wiesel's diction in describing dehumanization. Faster, you filthy dogs! This was the order from the Nazi's toward Wiesel and the other prisoners as they ran, starving, through the snow. The briefness of the order is an example of Wiesel employing syntax to show the coldness of the Nazis. They weren't simply referring to the Jews as dogs. Which would have allowed the Jews a respite, in the back of their mind, knowing that they were not dogs, that they were people. Instead they were speaking to dogs. It was taken for granted that the Jews were not humans, they were dogs. From that understand, they were referred to as dogs. Everything about the phrase shows this, faster, filthy dogs. Faster makes clear that these were orders, as would be shouted at animals, and

the filthy is an example of diction being used to convey the dehumanization. Though they weren't being referred to as filthy Jews. Now they were dogs, and thus any adjective that would normally be used to describe them as humans was now used to describe them as dogs. This takes away any element of humanity that they may have held onto. This is an example of how the Nazi's justified the abuses, by making them sub-human, while at the same time, making the Jews feel that they were no longer human. So throughout the book we see Wiesel use both the structure, length, and flow sentences, as well as his precise word choice, to convey the pain felt by the Nazi's dehumanization of the Jews. The stop and go action of his sentences, used to convey pain and desperation were effective in giving the reader a sense of the pain felt by the prisoners. The emphasis put on specific words left the reader with a sharp and very concise image of how the prisoners felt as the Nazis slowly stole away they're humanity. It's Wiesel's incredible use of syntax and diction that allow Night to be such a powerful book.