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10 = 30I1 20I 2

(d)

 KEdF

20 = 30I2 + 20I5 10I4

W
(e)

WEeF I 5 I 4

20 = 30I 2 + 20(I1 I 2 ) 10(I 2 I 3 )

20 = 30I 2 + 20I1 20I 2 10I 2 + 10I 3

20 = 20I1 60I 2 + 10I 3

(f)

15 = 20I 3 + 10I 4

(g)

15 = 20I 3 + 10(I 2 I 3 )

WEbF I 4

15 = 20I 3 + 10I 2 10I 3

15 = 30I 3 + 10I 2

(h)

I 3 I 2 I1 EhFEfFEdF
10 = 30I1 20I 2 (0) I 3

W
(I)

20 = 20I1 + 60I 2 10I 3

(II)

15 = (0 ) I1 10I 2 + 30I 3

(III)

W I 5 I 4 I 3 I 2 I1
I 4 = I 2 I 3 = 0.218A
I 5 = I 1 I 2 = 0.05128 + 0.42300 = 0.47428A

W
K

 U????????????
qJA w WMO* b w W UI q
w U* UO WLO V
bIF

R1

I3

68
12V

E1

I2

I1

R3

R2
33
E2

22

9V

I3

bIF vK UOK udO

uU oOD
I1 + I2 = I3

dHBdO WIK( vK bNK udO

uU oOD
E1 = I1 x R1+ I3 x R3
E1 = I1 x R1+ (I1 + I2) x R3
12 =68 I1 + 22 (I1 + I2)
12 =90 I1 + 22 I2

........ (1)

dC)dHBWOU) dJ WIK( vK bNK udO

uU oOD
12 - 9 = 68 I1 - 33 I2
3 = 68 I1 - 33 I2

........ (2)

d{3 ? v_ WUF* dC uIM2 1 5O 5UF* q UMOK V

vK qBM 2 ? WOU WUF*
36 = 270 I1 + 66 I2
6 = 136 - 6 I2

vK qBM 5UF* 5U lL$ r

42 = 406 I1
I1 = 0.103A

v_ WUF* w (I1) WLO s uF r

12 = 90 x 0.103 + 22 I2
I2 = 0.124A
I3 = I1 + I2 = 0.103 + 0.124 = 0.227A

Voltage Divider

bN' rU

Voltage Dividers

V1 +
R1

+
VS

+
R

V2

R 2 R1
V2 = IR 2 = VS

R2

R1

Thevinen's Theorem

sOMH WdE

bu

KThevinen's TheoremEF

R Th VTh
Th

VTh

R
I

K??

R Th
I=

VTh
R Th + r

W r I
W

WEF

E 1
K VTh

EZF E 2
F R Th Short Circuit

KE R Th

 R Th VTh EF E 3

I=

VTh
R Th + r

KComplex CircuitW

Output
W

EFOpen E 1
K VTh

EF
E 2
K R Th

Series CircuitEF E 3
K R L R Th VTh

Kab
a

+
10V

R 2 = 8

R 1 = 4

R 3 = 6

+
5V

Open
abW

K VTh ba

a
+
10V

R 1 = 4

R 2 = 8

I
b

Kab

+
5V

 W
10 5 = I(4 + 8)
I=

10 5 5
= A
12
12

W Va
Va = 10 I x 4
Va = 10

5
x 4 = 8.33V
12

VTh = 8.33V

V a
W Va

Va = 5 +8 I
Va = 5 +

8
8
12

Va = 5 + 3.33 8.33V

K Va
KShort R Th W
R Th = R ab

R 1 = 4

R 2 = 8

R 1 = 4

R 2 = 8
a
b

R 1 = 4

R 2 = 8

R Th = R ab =

4 x8
= 2.66
4+8

WRTH

R Th = 2.66

VTh = 8.33V

I ab =

VTh
8.33
=
= 0.96A
R Th + 6 2.66 + 6

Wab

su WdE

bu

K

K
F

+
VS

RS

IN

RL

RL

RN
B

VS = VTh
R S = R Th

EF
A

+
VTh

VTh = R Th I N

R Th

IN

IN=

V
Th
___
R Th

R N= R Th


W
(a )R L = 100 (b)R L = 560 (c)R L = 1K

1A

RL

RN
10k
B

R L = 100

RS
iS
I L =
RS + R L
10k
IL =
1 = 990mA = 0.99A
10.1k

W R L = 560
10k
IL =
1 = 0.947A
10.56k

IL R L = 1K
10k
IL =
1 = 0.909A
11k

R L iS 10 I L
K R S