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Introduction TO
Basic Telephone
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Telephone
phoneTele-
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Speaker
Microphone
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duplex
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Digital switch
Concentrator
bit
1,477 Hz 1,336 Hz 1,209 Hz
3
697 Hz
770 Hz
852 Hz
941 Hz
HZ
HZ HZ
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Public switched telephone system
Switched public
.
digital signal transmission fiber optics
.
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Topology
. (LATA :Local Access and Transport Area)
Central (Local loop) Subscriber
exchange Switching office
.
" office
.
Trunk lines
.
. End office Central office
Layers
. Switches
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Dial Pulses Dial tone
Ringback tone busy tone
.
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.
Voice
Channel
Message Channel
In-band Signal
out-band (
Signal
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Noise
.
.
(dBm)
(dBm) (dBm)
echo .
Receiver
.
mismatches
:Multiplexing B;G: ^_G:;fb:
Pulse dialing
:Loop Length Compensation
Y X
(
: Hybrid Coil
:
Side tone
.
Telecommunications Technical Fundamentals
http://www.moultonco.com/new/semnotes/telecomm/tlfpics.htm
Alexander Graham Bell's Path to the Telephone
http://www3.iath.virginia.edu/albell/introduction.html
Telephone ringing circuits
http://www.tkk.fi/Misc/Electronics/circuits/telephone_ringer.html