LOW

HIGH

FALSE

AND

74

TRUE

A B

AND

2N

0
0
1
1

0
1
0
1

y
0
0
0
1

1) A . O = O

2) A . 1 = A

3) A . A = A

AND
A

A
75

4)A.A=O

O
R
0.3 V
B

0.7 V

O
1

6V

6V
y

A
0
1
0
1
0
1
0
1

OR

76

B
0
0
1
1
0
0
1
1

C
0
0
0
0
1
1
1
1

y
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
1

OR
A
0
1
0
1

B
0
0
1
1

y
0
1
1
1

1
O

Y=A+B
B

OR
2) A + 1 = 1

1) A + O = A

D1

D2

3) A + A = A

OR
A

O
1

4 ) A +A = 1

6 V

O
A

6 0.7 = 5. 3 V

6 0.3 = 5.7 V
1

77

OR

A
0
1
0
1
0
1
0
1

B
0
0
1
1
0
0
1
1

C
0
0
0
0
1
1
1
1

y
0
1
1
1
1
1
1
1

NOT
A

B
B

A
A

0
1

1
0

not

78

1
=0

1) A = 1

Y =

O
=1

2) A= 0

Not

NOT
Vcc
Vcc

R3
O

O
O
R2

Vcc

R3
1

79

NAND
NOT AND

NAND

NAND

A
0
1
0
1

B
0
0
1
1

y
1
1
1
0

O
O

y=A.B

AND
NAND

AND

NAND
NOT

AND

Not
80

0
1
0
1
0
1
0
1

0
0
1
1
0
0
1
1

0
0
0
0
1
1
1
1

0
0
0
0
0
0
0
1

1
1
1
1
1
1
1
0

NAND
A

AB

AC

0
1
0
1
0
1
0
1

0
0
1
1
0
0
1
1

0
0
0
0
1
1
1
1

0
0
0
1
0
0
0
1

0
0
0
0
0
1
0
1

0
0
0
1
0
1
0
1

NOR
NOT, OR
OR
A
0
1
0
1

B
0
0
1
1

NOR
NOT

y
1
0
0
0

81

O
O

1
OR
Y=A+B

OR

NOR
OR

NOR
NOT

NOR

NOR

A
0
1
0
1

B
0
0
1
1

y
1
0
0
0

82

Exclusive- OR X OR
1
O

1
O

A=B=1
1

OR
1

y=A+ B

XOR

y = A + B =AB +AB
A
0
0
1
1

B
0
1
0
1

y
0
1
1
0

X- OR
A

0
0
0
0
1
1
1
1

0
0
1
1
0
0
1
1

0
1
0
1
0
1
0
1

0
1
1
0
1
0
0
1

y=A+ B + C

X oR

83

Exclusive NOR X NOR

X NOR

A+B

y=A+B

B
0
0
1
1

X OR

X NoR

0
1
1
0

1
0
0
1

0
1
0
1

Y=A + B

NOT

X- NOR
A

0
0
0
0
1
1
1
1

0
0
1
1
0
0
1
1

0
1
0
1
0
1
0
1

XoR XNoR
0
1
1
0
1
0
0
1

1
0
0
1
0
1
1
0

y=A + B + C

84

X- OR

A
Y
B
C

NOR

B+C
AND

AND

)y=A.(B+C
A

))Y=((A+B).(C+D

B
C
D

))Y=((A+B).(C+D

))Y=((A+B)+(C+D
Y=A+B+C+D

A
AND 1
Y

OR
AND 2

C
D

85


.B
C. D

( C . D ) + ( . B ) =

NOT
AND

NAND

NOT
NAND

NAND

NOT

NOT

A
B

C
D
86

OR

A
2
B
Y

4
C
3
D

S- R
SR
Set input

Reset input

S
O

Set output

Q=1

Reset output

Q = 1, Q = 0

Set input

Reset input

_
Q

Q=O

S
Q

87

Q
S,R

NOR

SR

NOR

Qt

Qt-1

0
1
1
1
0
0
*
*

0
1
0
1
0
1
0
1

0
0
0
0
1
1
1
1

0
0
1
1
0
0
1
1

( )
1
( )
0
( )

O
Q
S
O

1
Q=1

R
1

Q=O

S
O

O
O

NOR
1
NOR

88

NAND

SR
NAND

Qt

Qt-1

0
1
1
1
0
0
*
*

0
1
0
1
0
1
0
1

1
1
1
1
0
0
0
0

1
1
0
0
1
1
0
0

( )
1
( )
0
( )

1
Q
S
Q

Q=1
R

O
O

R
1

NAND
O
NAND
O
0

Q= 1

Q=1

89

SR
1

SR

SR
SR

SD , RD
SD

RD , SD
Q

CK

CK

_
Q

_
Q

RD
SR
SR
SR
S,R
S

SD
3
1

CK

4
RD

SR

90

CK

S,R

S= 1 , R = O
Q
1

S= O , R = 1

Q
O
S=1,R=1

CK

1 0

-0

0 1

-1

SR
SR
1

Q
Q

R=0,S=0
S

S,R

O
S

Q
3

C
d

S,R

R = o, S = o

91

e
1

S
F

S
Q

SR
R

O
S

g
1

S
R

h
7

Q
S,R

Q
5,6

S,R

_
Q

CK

CK

92

Qt

Qt-1

0
0
1
1

0
1
0
1

0
0
1
1

SR
S,R
D
R , S
NOT

CK

D
D

CK

D
Q
Q

CK

>
Q

D
D

JK

93

CK

_
Q

JK
SR

JK
1

J,K
) ( CK, J , K
,K

CK
J

CK

C
_
Q

_
Q

JK
O

J=0,K=1
O

CK
JK

Q = 0

=J=1,K

Q
JK

J, K

Toggle
Q

CK
JK

Tn
Tn+1 D
J K Qn+1
0 ( )
0 Qn
0 ( )
1
0
( )
1
0
1

1
1 Qn

CK
_
Q

JK

JK

94

J,K

CK

CK

-+>

CK

CK

_
Q

_
Q

J , K CK

JK

Q
O

PR

CLR

PR

CLR

_
Q

CK
K

95

SR
CLR

PR

J , K , CK
S,R

SR

T
T

J k

Toggle
)( J K

)( J K

1
CK

CK

T
T

J K

Toggle Switch

Q Q

CK
S
R
0 0

CK
_
Q

-0

-1

J
T

CK
_
Q

96

AND
AND
OR

OR
NOT
NOT
NAND
NOR
X-OR

X NOR

X- OR
X NOR

NOT

NAND
AND OR

NOT

NOR
AND OR
X- OR

97

X- OR

Y = ( A + B ) . ( AB )

SR
SR

SR

JK
JK
JK
JK

98