تطبيقات العناصر الإلكترونية

EF
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EF
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KK
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EF
J W
WJ W
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KJ W
KJ W
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EFJ
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EF5000,000,000
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Killo
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106
Giga
109
Tera
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KEJ F
10-3
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10-6
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KEJ F
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Volt
Ampere
V
E
I
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Electrical resistance -
Farad
Capacitance
Henry
Induction
Watt
Power
Hz
Hertz
Frequency
Sec
Second
Period Time
--
Voltage, potential
Electrical current
-
-
-
-
-
-
EF
KW
V=11000V
I=0.004A
V=11000V=11KV
I=0.004A= 4mA
C=0.0000l F
R=1000000
J W
C=0.0000l F= 10F
R=1000000 = 1M
W
Reactive Elements J
K
Resistors J
Capacitors J
Transformers J
WActive Elements J
EBiasingF
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Valves -
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Diodes -
Transistors -
SCR & Triacs -
Integrated Circuits -
--
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J J
Resistors J J J
RJ
(volume)EFWJ
KEJ F
Fixed Resistor
Potentiometer
Variable Resistor
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LDR
LDR
PTC
EF
Capacitors J J J
CJ
FJ
WJ
KEJ F
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Fixed Capacitor

Variable Capacitor

Electrolytic Capacitor
EJ F
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J J J J
Coil & Transformersand Inductive Loads
LJ
TJ
HJ
W
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Matching J WJ
J
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KEJ F
Fixed coil
Variable Coil
Transformer

Relay
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Motor
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Active Elements J J
Diodes J J J

KEJ F
Diode
J
K
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LED
Rectifier Bridge
Zener Diode

Varactor

EF

W
K ()
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Transistors J J J
Bipolar tr. J
FETJ
ElectronicSwitches G
EJ F
C
B
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C
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T1
NPN(Transistor)
PNP
P-type (UJT)
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C
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G
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D
S
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NPN
JFET

N-Channel (FET)
P-Channel
MOSFET
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SCR & Triacs J J J
A, K, GJ
T1, T2, GJ J J
FSCRJ
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KEJ F
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SCR
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Triac
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SCRJ J J
Trigger EJ F
K
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T2
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Programmable Injunction Transistor
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SBS
Silicon Unilateral Switch
G
T1
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DiAC
Four-Layer Diode
MiscellaneousJ J
EJ F
K
Battery
Power Supply
--
EF
Solar Cell
Fuse
Switch
4 5
Voltmeter
IC
Integrated Circuit
Ampere-meter
Loud Speaker
Microphone
--
EF

WEF
KKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKK -
1200KKKKKKKKKK -
KKKKKKKKK -
KKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKK -
WEF
FJ
EWAV FE
EA-WF0.5 EHz FJ F50K J

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ELFEFJ
WEF
1- V= 11000 V
3- F= 6.5 * 106 Hz
5- C= 0.00000001 F 7- I1 = 0.001A
2- C= 5 * 10-9 F
4- P= 1200 W
6- R= 5000000
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1500W2KWJ
EF
1- I = 50 mA + 20 A = ...
2- V = 0.8v + 0.6V = .
3- C = 10 F + 70 nf = .
4- R= 2.2K + 5M =
--
EF
WEF
J DIACJ
J J

PNP
NJFETJ
J TriacJ J
--
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EJ F
0-100
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EF
xz

ECF EF
J
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xz
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KKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKW
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EF
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KPrinted Board

KK
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J
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EF -
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heat sink
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stray -
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K0.5A
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KEF
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EJ F
EJ F
J

J J
J WJ
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J WJ
J J
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EJ F
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J J
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J J
J J
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bad contact
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EF
K -
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J J J

EF
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J
KEF
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IC -

KEJ F
Solder Short -
K(Short)
--
EF
J

EJ F
12V
EJ FWJ
Tr1
D4
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60HZ
D1
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D3
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C3
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LED
KLDR
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W
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LED J
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KShort CircuitJ
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KOpen CircuitJ
EF
KEF
KToleranceJ
KDynamic ResistanceEFJ

KEBiasingF
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Maximum RatingJ
EJ F
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:Characteristic Curve J
--
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Electronic Switch J
FonW
KEFEShort Circuit
off W
Open CircuitEF
EFJ
Light Dependent Resistance (LDR) Photo Resistor
ELED) Light Emitting DiodeJ
Saturation PointJ
KIC
KVCE sat
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KEF
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IC IB
VCE=VCC
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Active Region J
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--
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DC Biasing J
Power Consumption (Dissipation)EFJ
EFPcJ
KC
PC=IC * VCE
Automatic ControlJ
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PotentiometerK
KVolume
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J J
EJ F
KJumpers
A
J1
R1
J3
J4
J2
100
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R5
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J WJ
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Power Off J
J
K
KJ
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J J
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{L}W J
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{L}J
R3
J
J
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J J
( EJ FR5 R4
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IT
R1
J1
I5
J2
I4
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J4
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R5
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J W
{ }RT{ J }
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J3
J4
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KEJ F
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--
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J J
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KEJ FEJ F
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VR2
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--
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EF
VZZVO Z VR3 HVR2J

ILERL= R2+R3FRL R3
R2,R3R3R3
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IZZ KKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKmAJ
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IZ=.mAJ
IZ =
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R1
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PZ
EF
J
K
--
EF
Summery

KSeries
KParallel
Short Circuit
J
J
Open Circuit
Power Rating
J
K
--
EF

EF
Dynamic Resistance
EF EF

{L}J
EF
J J EF
ABI2
I2
R1
R2
100
1K
R3
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VDC
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1K
R5
2K
R4
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EF
VABR2J
KJ
I2 =
V AB
= ..........
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--
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EF
Data SheetEFKEJ F
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R1
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EJ F
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--
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EF J
KEJ F
EFShort Circuit J
EF J
KEF
500, 1.2k, 2.5k, 1.2kJ
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2- 100
3- 125
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R4
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EF
xz

EF
KECF

J
J
J
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--
EF
xz
LLW
WWW
KW

J
J
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J
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--
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--
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Light Controlled Circuit
EF
KElectronic Switch
ControllerEF
Sensor
EOn/Off F
LDR
. J J
EJ F
IC
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EFJ J
PC = VEC I C
IC = 1A
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IC
PC= 12*1= 12W
EonFJ
ICmax=200mA
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PC = 0.3V*0.200mA=0.06W=60mW
--
EF
0.2V - 0.3VVCE Sat

K1v
--
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J J
EJ F
K
LED J
KRC IC
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BC 237 J
0.5W220 39K 1k J
ORB12 J
E0.5wFCQy 85LED J
--
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Elements Testing J J

KELEDF
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KEJ F
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PNBarrier Voltage
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EHF J
NPN P
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VB
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LED

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Troubleshooting Stimulated J J
EFLEDJ

VCC
LEDW
VCELEDW
LED220
KLEDLED1.7 V
LED
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KLED
LEDLEDW

FLEDRCW
KVCCE
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Summary
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LEDLED
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WJ
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J
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ECFEFJ
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0.3VONJ
KLEDJ
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KOFFVCEJ
KR2J
VCC
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--
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EF J
Car Battery &Generator Tester
EJ F
K
K
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D1
LED2LED3,LED1
2SC945C1815Q1,Q2
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EF
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KLow BatteryLED3
OkLED2 J
KOver ChargeLED3,LED2J
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LED EJ F
( Relay) 12v
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xz

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J
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xz
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AC
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EDCF EACF
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Peak (Maximum) Value EFJ
EVP F
KEJ F
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- VP
EJ F
rms Value Effective Value J
vrms
rms
. VP
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KR
Average Value EDCFJ
VDC
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Rectifier Bridge J
EJ F
EJ FEHFEF
EJ F
D4
D3
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D1
D2
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EF
The Peak Inverse Voltage PIV EFJ
KE
DC Power Supply J
DCAC
Voltage Regulation Factor J
VDC
VR% =
V NL VFL
100
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VNL
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RL=
100%
IDC
RL= min
VR%
Rectification Efficiency
(
Po
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Pi
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--
EF
RippleJ
V min
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v = Vrp-p
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--
Unregulated Power Supply
EF
J J
EJ F
K

()
Voltage transformer
Rectifier

filtering
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:TransformerJ
K110/220V
W Rectifier J

PN

K
WFiltering EF
KEF
K C-R-C
--
EF
J J
KEJ F
T1
A
220v
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18V
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C2
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1 A 220 V 18VJ
1N5625 J
50V / 100F J 50V / 10F J
R1W 100 1W J
RLW 5K J
KJ
--
EF
J J
WJ J J
K
K
KKKKKKKKKKKKKKWJ
KKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKWJ
KKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKJ
KKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKJ
WJ J J
K J
WK
OL
J
EJ F
EJ F ECOM)EHFJ
EJ F1V
EJ FOLJ
KJ
OL
1.0 V
OL
COM
COM
COM
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EF
J J
J J J
EJ F
T1
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RL = 5 K RLJ
K(A,BF
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t
--
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WJ
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= .
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2vp
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F
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100 KKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKK
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J J
EJ FRL
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10
20
30
40
50
60
VL
(- )
VO
IL(mA)
10
20
30
40
KKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKW
--
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WVRJ

VNL=
KEIL=60mA)
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W
VR = V NL VFL *100
V FL
J J J
EJ F
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A
220v
60HZ
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FC2 VDCEVMJ
EJ FEG,F
KAC J
EJ FJ
--
EF
ILJ 500 J
VoJ
EJ F
AC J
KVrP PEJ F
500
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WJ
KJ
100 F / 50V C1,
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EJ FJ
--
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EJ FRL 500 J
DC
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ripple DC DC
ripple
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EJ FEJ F

J
K
C =10 f J
r=
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EFJ
EFEF
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J J
VDCJ
EFJ
Kr % VR%J
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J J J
W
PIVJ
Current Durability J
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2VmVm J
J
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rRL
ERLFRCJ
LCJ
E XCFXCRRCJ
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Summary
DCACPower Supply J
K
J WJ
ACACJ
PNJ
K EFJ
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K20%J
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KPIV
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WEJ F
VDC=20V -
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WJ
KKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKK -
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WPIV -
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E2Vm-Vm-4VmFPIV -
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EF
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E F
EJ FJ
15V
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R
220 v
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D2
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EF
WJ
E6V 10V 15VFJ
E12V 30V 20VFPIVJ

E30V 15V 10VFJ
D1EFAJ
K
CIJ
KKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKK
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WJ
KKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKC1 -
KKKKKKKKKKKKKKK -
--
EF
Regulated Power SupplyJ
KJ J
E
F
K
EF

EJ F
Vi
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IL
VO
RL
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220V -
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-
K

--
EF
J J
Parallel Regulator

Series Regulator J
KIC J
WJ J J
KEJ F
+
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RS
IZ
IS
IL
Vo
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RL
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WEData SheetF
Vz
KEFVz
Pz max
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IzmaxJ
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Iz max =
Pz max
W
Vz
EF
J J J
E2VFVi >VZ -
EVo=VzFVzVO -
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Rs
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Rs
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ILmax Rs
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Vi min Vz
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IL -

IL -
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KIFL RL min =
Vz
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J J J
VRF J
KErz Iz VR Iz.rZ

J
K
J
KReference
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J J
EFEJ F
Reference Voltage
VCE
IL
RS
VBE
Vo
Vi
RL
vz
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W
WKEF 1 J
EFEmitter FollowerJ
K
0.6VV0 J
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F J
E
by pass J
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J J
KEJ F
J1
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RS

J2
J3
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vz
J4
J5
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0.5W220 WRS J
2N3055BD137 WQ J
Pzmax 0.5W , Vz = 10V1N758
5 K
WZ J
WRL J
K20V6VEF J
J EF J
K J
--
EF
J J
J3 J1,J2
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J1
J3
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RL Vo
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J5
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18
20
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VZEFVi J
ELF Vo20V12VVi J
KKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKK

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Vi=.
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J J J
IZILJ4, J5J
KEJ F
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J3
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EF RL = 500 RL = 5KJ
EJ FIZ, IL, VoJ
IL = 0 , RL = J
EJ FIZVO
RL
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3 K
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RL =
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IzEFJ
IL EFJ
ELFIz + ILJ
ELFVo = VzJ
KVO IL J
--
EF
VO
IL
J W

J J J
VR =
KVREJ FJ
V NL V FL
=
V FL
RL = VNL
E RL = 500 FVFL
KACRL=500 J

r = .. %
KKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKK
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5 K RL Vo EJ
FJ
--
500
EF
VO=
Iz
IZ= ..
Vo = rz * Iz J
rz
VO
WJ J J
KIL J
KVO, IL, IZERL = 0 FRLJ

VO= .., IL= .., IZ=..
KVO, IL, IZRLJ
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V ORLJ
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VO= ..,
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KKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKK
ELFVO = VZ J
ELF J
ELF J
W
K
--
EF
J J
KEJ F J2,J1J3
J1
RS
J2
Vi
J3
RL Vo
vz
IZ
IL
(-)
J J J
Vi = 20V -
RL = 5 K RL
IZ= .IL=...Vo = KKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKW

ELFVZVO
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J FVo, IL, Iz 5K 100 RL J

RL
Vo
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VNL=
0
5k
3k
1K
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500
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300
100
Vo, ILJ
VO
VO,IILL J
--
EF
KKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKK
J J J
VR =
V NL V FL
=
V FL
RL = 5k ACJ
VO
KKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKJ
KKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKK
RL =5Kvo EJ FJ
RL500=
vo =
Z Iz IZ J
..
K Vo EJ F Vo J
IZ=
K IZ EJ F IZ J
RL=0 RLJ
VO = ,
IZ=..J
IL..,
E9.5VFVoVoRLJ
--
EF
IZ= ..., IL=., Vo=, RL

RLZKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKJ
KKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKK
ELFKKKKKKKKKKKKKJ

EF
KEF
E FEF
K
EF
K3V2V
IC Voltage Regulators
J J
IC
W
K -
K -
K -
--
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WJ J J
AN, CA, EGG, HA, L, LA, LM, MC, NJM, TA, UA, UPC, NTE.
100mA LM78xx J
1.5A
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M 340J
KLM 320J
300 mA9VAN 79H09J

UPC 141 AJ
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EJ F
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(- )
--
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KJ J J
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--
EF
Summary
-
K
KReverse Bias Reference Voltage
KEF -
-
K

-
K6V
K -
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K2V
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K -

-
K
-
K
-
K
--
EF

EF
EPNF -

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F -
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EF

K VZ
K
EF -
1k
KEJ F
1k
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-
vz
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EF
EJ F
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R2
2.2K
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Vz= 6.2v
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J W
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WQ1J

Series Pass Transistor
K
WQ2J
Vz
KQ1
KWQ3J
--
EF
Q3J
Q3R4
KQ2R3
WR4J
IL max =
VBE 0.7v
K
RA
R4
EJ FJ
IL max =
0.7
= 21 mA
33
100mA R4J

R4 =
0.7
7
100 *10 3
K 7 33 R4
J
R2, R1
Vo= A (VZ - VBE)J

K A = R2
R1
+ 1
Vo = VZ -VBE = 6.2v - 0.7 = 6.9vER2=0FA=1
--
EF
W
WJ
WIzmax VZ= 10V Pzmax = IW -
E150mA, 100mA, 50mAF
EF -
F -
E
EF -
EF -
0.6vEF
KEJ FJ
K1 R4J
E1A 700 mA 500 mAF

R1J
R5J
+
Vi
18V
EJ FJ
Iz = 12.5 mA
Pzmax = 1W
VZ = 20
R
RL
1K
W -
(- )
KKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKW
KKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKW
K -
Vi=30 v
Rs
--
EF
IFL = 35 mA -
ELF600
KKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKK
WJ
KKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKJ
KJ
KKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKJ
KKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKJ
J
K
KKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKJ
KKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKJ
--
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R3
3.3
R2
2.2K
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Q1
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R1
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5K
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Vz= 6.2v
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KENPNF2N3904 J
E6.2VF1N753 J
--
EF
xz

EF
KECF

K J
J
K
K J
J
K
K J
--
EF
xz
LLW
WWW
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K J
J
K
K J
J
K
K J
--
EF
--
EF
EF
W
K
WW
GainEF -
Frequency Response -
Phase Shift -
K -
-
K -
KW
W
J
EF
W

J

--
EF
Amplification Circuits
IC
W
K
J
J
Power Amplifier EFSmall Signal Amplifier

K
CB- Class A EF
EJ F

EF
EF
EF

Load
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KRC coupling A -
KBPush Pull -

K
--
EF
W
Amplifier J
Frequency ResponseJ
EF
Amplification FactorJ

Vo
K
Av =
Vi
Amplifier Efficiency ( FJ
Po(ac)
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Pi(dc)
Common Emitter(CE) J
Common BaseE BCFJ
CommonCollector ECCFJ

Emitter Follower
Buffer
Audio Frequency J
20KHZ200 Hz
Audio Amplifier
Small Signal Amplifier J
E F
10 mW
0.5W
--
EF
Power Amplifier J

1W
Coupling Circuit J
Transformer Coupling Direct Coupling J RC

K
Coupling Capacitor J
Bypass Capacitor J
Class A Operating AmplifierE AFJ
E VCC F
2
WClass B Operating Amplifier(B) J
WPush Pull AmplifierJ
Loud speaker J
3 8
--
EF
Active Region
K
FSmall Signal Amplifier
EF
EJ F
VI1
VO1 VI2
VO2
AV2
AV1
EJ F
EF
AVT = AV1 * AV2
AVT
RC Coupling -
Direct Coupling -
Transformer Coupling -
EF
--
EF
J J
RCEFEJ F
R1
RC
C2
C1
R2
RE
CE
( - )
CEQ -
K
R1, R2 W -
KRC
WRE -
EBias Stability F
bypass Capacitor .CE -
RE
K
WC1, C2 -
WC1
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EF
WC2
E F

KK
Frequency Response J J J
E F EJ F
K
VO
Vmax
0.707
Band Width
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CEC1, C2 -
K

Stray Capacitance -
KEShort circuitF
E
F -
K
--
EF
J J
EJ F
R1
C3
R3
R5
J2
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E
VO
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D
C
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EF
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R4
R5
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82K
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--
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J J
WJ J J
J1,J2 J
KH 10V
EDC F
EJ FEJ F
VA
VB
VC
VD
VE
VF
EJ F
Q2 Q1
IC1 IE1 = VC
R4
VF
IC 2 IE 2 =
R8
WJ J J
KH10 VJ J1 J
1KHZ J
K50mvp-p
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EJ F
KFW
VP-P
VA
VB
VC
VD
VE
VF
EJ F
WAV1 J
--
EF
AV1 =
AV2 =
VB
VA
W AV2 J
VE
VD
W J
AVt = AV1 AV2
AVt =
W J
VE
VA
ELF J
AC W
KrmsEF
WC2J J J
J1
EFVi p-p=50mvJ
KEJ F
VP-P
VA
VB
VC
VD
VE
VF
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Av1=..
Av2=..
Avt=.
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KKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKK
KKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKK
--
EF
KPhase ShiftJ J J
K J
AVAC J
KBVAC
K J
VA(vi)
VB
J
.VAEFVBJ
KELFJ
BAJ
E J
KEAE
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t
--
EF
VE
W
KKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKK
KJ J J
VinJ
KE
Vo p-p =
EDistortedFJ
K ( ClippingF
K VccJ
KKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKW
Frequency ResponseJ J J
1KHz50mv/vp-pVi J
Vo
FVi J
EJ F EAC
VO
50HZ 100HZ 300HZ 500HZ
800HZ
1KHZ
2KHZ
5KHZ
10KHZ
--
EF
20HZ
30HZ
40HZ
50HZ
VO
100HZ
200K
EJ F
100 k
10 k
1k
500
200
300
100
50
20
10
EJ F J
( HZ)
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0.7VomaxVomax J
K
J
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K J
--
EF
Summery
KAmplification CircuitsJ
J
Multistage Amplifier
EFJ
20 KHZJ
A J
KDistortion
KJ
EgainF BypassJ
KEF
EFJ
K
RCJ
K
J
K
K180CEJ
KAJ
--
EF

EJ FJ
EJ F
W
J
KIDCVCC
VCC=10V
1KHZ
KFVo
K
VO P P = .......................
Idc = .................... K
Pdc = Vcc Idc = ....................
PO =
VO P P
2
IO P P
2
= .......... ........
VO 2 P P
PO =
= .....................
2 R7
PO
100 = ......................
Pdc
K A
EJ FJ
KPCW
Pc = Pdc Po = ...........................
Pc = Pdc. Po= 0
AW

K
--
EF
KA(CE) EJ F
R1
100K
C2
100f
R3
4K
VO
C1
100f
VCC 12 V
BC108
VI
R2
25K
R4
1K
CE
100f
EF
Av = 50 CE
EF100mv

Vi
100mv
t(ms)
1ms
EF
KJ
VO
--
EF
CEJ
KKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKK
K200mVJ

VO
EFJ

KKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKK
RE J
KKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKK
KJ
EBypassCouplingFCEJ
EFJ
KEFCEJ
EJ FJ
ECFEFJ
EFCEC1,C2J
EFJ
EFK20 KHZJ
--
EF
Push - Pull Power AmplifierJ
Power EF
KAmplifier
EF

. Push - Pull

EBF

Transformer CoupledPush-PullAmplifierJ J
T2T1EJ F
K
+VCC
T1
NPN
T1
In put
NPN
EJ F
--
EF
Complementary push- pull . AmplifierJ J
K

PNPNPN
KEF
Q1
Q1
Q2

Q1
( - )
Cross- Over Distortion EFJ J
BE
F
EJ F

EFK
vcc
Q1
0.7v
Q2
EJ F
--
EF
ETrickle BiasFE0.7vF

KABEF
KAB
J J
EJ F
AB
KW
R9
1.2K
C2 100f
+
R1
10K
R3
1K
1
R7
100
C4
0.002F
+
R2
4.7K
R4
470
C3
100f
(-)
--
R8
1K
C5
7
100F
2N6004
2N2102
R6
100
0 100 mA
C1
25f
VR
500
R5
1K
100f
VCC
8
2N4036
RL
5
EF
1K1005 WJ
10K1.2K470
0.5W4.7K
2W500 Control Volume (VR)
50V25F0.002F WJ
50V100F
2N6004 WJ
2N4036
K2N2102
J W
EF J
E0-100mAF J
EQ1FAWJ
EFDriver
AB EFWJ
KECCFEmitter Flower
RCJ
R7,R8R6R5J
F
R6R5Crossover DistortionE
Idling currentEF
K
--
EF
Q1Q2J
J
K
RLJ
KRL
--
EF
J J
KJ
VCC = 0 EJ FJ
FVR1KHZJ
KE
VCCVCC=0J
KEQ2Q1F3mA2mAM1
KE15VFVCC
KE8FRLJ
FVR
KE
VCCW
5mA
J F DCJ
TP8TP1VCCE
EM1FQ2Q1
EJ FEACF J
KEQ2Q1FTP8TP1VP-P
J FJ
TP8TP1VdcE
KQ2Q1
F
KE
--
EF
DC V

Vp-p
Q2Q1
VCC
EJ F
(3-2 FRLJ
EF
KPower off
Q1
AV 1 =
V 2 PP
V 1P P
DCV
KELF56J
KKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKK
KELF74J
KKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKK
KELF47J
KKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKK
F

EJ F
EVP-P
--
EF
TP8TP5
EF
KELF
KKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKK
KQ2Q1
AV
V7 P
V6 P
KTP7V7PW
KTP6V6P
KEF
KKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKK

KKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKK
EFW
KEmitter Flower
m PomaxJ J J
J
V 2 OP P
Po =
=
8 RL
VOP-P=V8P-P RL= 5 W
Pdc = IcQ Vcc
PdcJ
EFICQ
m =
Pom
100 =
Pdc
ABJ
FA
--
EF
KKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKW
EFWJ
Crossover Distention EFJ J J
R7 R8 R5 - R6

KRL
KKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKK
--
EF
Summery
FClassB
AB
EF
KE
PNPComplementary
KNPN
EF
KE
Heat SinkK
KE3- 5 F
ABBJ
KA
K EAV < 1FJ
J
IC
100W2WAB
--
EF
J WJ
EABBAFJ
J
KEABBAF
FJ
KE
KA EFBJ
J WJ
KKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKBJ
KKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKK J
KBKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKK
KJ J
R2
B1
Q2
R1
D
vcc
R1
B
RL
Q3
R2
G
EJ F
Q2Q1EJ FJ
EFB
KKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKNPNJ
KKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKPNP
--
EF
R2R1J
KKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKW
KKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKK
KKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKQ1,Q2J
A ,CJ
KKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKK
EFQ1J

EFQ1A , DJ
KQ2GD
Q2Q1EJ FJ
EF
EJ FDJ
KKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKK
EJ F
KKKR2R1 J
--
EF
Integrated circuit power Amplifier
K100W2WAB
LM380 , LM340 , TDA2020
8 2wLM380EJ F
12 v +
2
I/P
LM380
2M
6
14
470f
+
2.7 k
100nf
L.S
3,4,5,7,10,11,12
EJ F
--
EF
xz

EF
KECF
K J
J
K
J
K
K J
K J
W
--
EF
xz
LLW
WWW
KW

K J
J
K
K J
J
K
K J

--
EF

--
EF

APAIAV J
J
KXC Reactance J
J

--
EF
J
J
J J
J J J
J J J
KKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKJ J J
J J
J J J
J J J
J J J
SCRJ J J
J J
J
J
J
J
KKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKW
J J
J J
J J
J J
J J
J J J
KKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKJ J J
KKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKJ J J
J
J
J
J
KKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKK W
J
J
J
J J
J J
J J
J J
J
J
EFJ J
EF
J J
J J
J J
J J J
J J J
J J
J J
W
J
J
J
J J
J J

J J
J J J
J J J
J J J
J J J
J J
J J
J J J
J J J
J J J
EF
J J
J J J
KKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKJ J J
J J J
J J
J J J
KKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKJ J J
J
J
J
J
KKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKJ J
KKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKK J
KKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKE F J
J
KKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKJ
J J
J
J
J
J
J
J J J
EF

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تطبيقات العناصر الإلكترونية

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EF

SCR & Triacs -

Coil & Transformersand Inductive Loads

SCR & Triacs J J J

EA-WF0.5 EHz FJ F50K J

Light Dependent Resistance (LDR) Photo Resistor

ELED) Light Emitting DiodeJ

Cut Off Point J

Power Consumption (Dissipation)EFJ

KRT= R1+ (R5 R6 (R2+R3)F

VZZVO Z VR3 HVR2J

EVO= VZF KIz

EPower Rating) PZmax= 1w VZ= 10 VIN4740A

500, 1.2k, 2.5k, 1.2kJ

Vz = 10v Izmax= 80mA

VCE = VCC = 12V

PC= 12*1= 12W

0.2V - 0.3VVCE Sat

VBE = VBB VB =KKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKVBEK

VCE = VCE sat= 0.3VONJ

Car Battery &Generator Tester

R1= 33 , R2,R3 = 10K , R4,R6 = 1K , R5=2.7KW

Peak (Maximum) Value EFJ

rms Value Effective Value J

Average Value EDCFJ

K VDC = 2vp 0.636 vp

The Peak Inverse Voltage PIV EFJ

Voltage Regulation Factor J

Unregulated Power Supply

EIL= 0RL= FJJ

100 F / 50V C1,

VDC = 0.9Vrms (.9VAC )

rEFRL C min = 0.24

E240 Hz 120 Hz 60 HzFRipple Frequency -

E0.2V 1.4V 0.7VF

E6V 10V 15VFJ

E12V 30V 20VFPIVJ

Regulated Power SupplyJ

PD = (Vi-V0) ILPD VCE = Vi V0

KVO, IL, IZERL = 0 FRLJ

KVO, IL, IZRLJ

IL= .., IZ=..

IZ= .IL=...Vo = KKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKW

J FVo, IL, Iz 5K 100 RL J

IZ= ..., IL=., Vo=, RL

300 mA9VAN 79H09J

KReverse Bias Reference Voltage

WQ1, Q2, Q3J

Vo= A (VZ - VBE)J

Vo = VZ -VBE = 6.2v - 0.7 = 6.9vER2=0FA=1

WIzmax VZ= 10V Pzmax = IW -

E150mA, 100mA, 50mAF

E1A 700 mA 500 mAF

Power Amplifier EFSmall Signal Amplifier

Common BaseE BCFJ

Small Signal Amplifier J

Transformer Coupling Direct Coupling J RC

Class A Operating AmplifierE AFJ

WClass B Operating Amplifier(B) J

WPush Pull AmplifierJ

FSmall Signal Amplifier

AVT = AV1 * AV2

bypass Capacitor .CE -

AVt = AV1 AV2