IMF Arabic Glossary

English
Arabic
16th Conference of the Parties to the United Nations Framework Convention on Climate
Change
COP 16
1977 Decision on Surveillance over Exchange Rate Policies

1977 Surveillance Decision
AAA debtor
AAA rating
triple-A rating
above face value

[securities]
above par
above par value
at a premium
above par value
IMF Glossary Web ARABIC -March 2011| International Monetary Fund
English
Arabic

above the line
above-the-line item
[budget]
above-the-line entry
absolute advantage
absorptive capacity
absorption capacity
accelerated purchase
accelerated rate of depreciation

accelerated depreciation
acceleration clause
acceptance credit
English
Arabic
( )
acceptance limit
[SDR designation]
acceptance of membership
[BL]
access limit
[IMF]
access policy
[IMF]
access to a facility
[IMF]
Accord Implementation Group
AIG
accountability
[GFSM]
accounting concept
English
Arabic
accounting equation
balance sheet equation
accounting identity
accounting practices
accounting methods
accounting procedures
accounting rate
book rate
accounting unit
accounting entity
accounts of the IMF in member countries
IMF accounts in member countries
accounts payable
payables
English
Arabic
accounts receivable
Accra Agenda for Action
AAA
Triple A
accrual basis
accrual basis accounting

accrual accounting
accruals
[accounting]
accrued charges
[IMF]
accrued income
accrued revenue
accrued asset
English
Arabic

accrued interest
accumulated depreciation
accrued depreciation
acid-test ratio
[USA]
quick asset ratio
quick ratio
cash ratio
[corporations]
absolute liquid ratio
ACP-EEC Convention (between the African, Caribbean, and Pacific States and the
European Economic Community)

Lom Convention
acquaintance mission
[IMF]
exploratory mission
English
Arabic
grandfather clause
acquisition of SDRs
acquired rights clause
[IMF]
act of consent
[IMF quotas]
act of God
natural disaster
..
Acting ...
[IMF]
activate
active claim
English
Arabic
activist policy
discretionary policy
active policy
activity report
[IMF]
actual final consumption
actual income
actual interest yield

effective yield
actual rate of return
actuarial reserve
[insurance]
actuarial valuation
actuary's valuation
English
Arabic
ad hoc quota boosters
ad hoc quota increase
ad hoc request
[IMF quotas]
ad valorem
[taxation]
Adaptation Fund
adaptive expectations
adequacy of financing
adequacy of reserves
reserves adequacy
adequate safeguards
[IMF]
English
Arabic
adjustable rate
floating interest rate
floating rate
variable rate
variable-rate interest
adjustment equation
adjustment fatigue
adjustment of charges
[IMF]
adjustment of quotas
[IMF]
adjustment path
adjustment process
adjustment program
[IMF]
10
English
Arabic
adjustment to cash basis

[IFS]
adjustment to cash
adjustment transaction
[GFS 1986]
adjustment with growth
Administered Account - country
( )
[IMF - contribution from a country]
administered price
controlled price
administrative price
administration of control
[AREAER]
administration of restrictions
[IMF]
11
English
Arabic
administrative action
administrative budget
[IMF]
Administrative Division
[INS/AV]
administrative expenses
[IMF]
administrative costs
administrative receivership
[insolvency, UK]
Administrative Services
[TGS/D]
advance deposit
import deposit
12
English
Arabic

advance mission
[IMF]
advance redemption
advance repayment
advanced economy
adverse feedback loop

negative feedback loop
adverse selection
[banking; insurance]
Advisor on Diversity, Senior
[IMF-HRD]
Advisor to the Executive Director
[IMF-OED]
Advisor
[IMF]
13
English
Arabic

advisory report
[IMF]
affiliated enterprise
affiliate
affluent society
Africa Action Plan

[G-8]
G8 Africa Action Plan
Kananaskis Africa Action Plan
Africa Capacity Building Initiative
[IMF]
Africa Regional Division
[MCM/R1]
( )
( )
African Caucus
[IMF]
14
English
Arabic
African Department
[IMF]
AFR
African Development Bank
AfDB
ADB
African Development Fund
AfDF
ADF
African Financial Community
[BCEAO]
CFA
African Forum and Network on Debt and Development

AFRODAD
African Group
[IMF-IBRD]
Group of African Governors
African Caucus
15
English
Arabic
African peer review mechanism
[NEPAD]
APRM
African Regional Technical Assistance Center
AFRITAC
African Union
AU
African, Caribbean and Pacific Group of States
ACP Group
ACP States
after taxes
agency
agency bond
16
English
Arabic

agency fee
[capital market]
Agency for International Development
[USA]
AID
USAID
agency transaction
[GFS 1986]
Agenda and Procedures Committee
[IMF]
APC
agent

[1993 -]
agent's fees
[BPM5]
agflation
17
English
Arabic
aggregate calculated quota share
aggregate demand
aggregate real gross national product
aggregate real GNP
aggregate real private investment
aggregation bias
aggregation, degree of
aggregator bank
bad bank
aging of the population

aging population
agreed minute
[Paris Club]
18
English
Arabic
Agreement on Subsidies and Countervailing Measures
[WTO]
ASCM
agreement, use by
[SDR]
agricultural exporter
agricultural extension services
agricultural extension
extension services
aid effectiveness
aid flows
Aid for Trade
aid fragmentation
19
English
Arabic
aid-dependence syndrome
aide-mmoire
[IMF]
allocate
allocation
allocation mechanism
allocation of SDRs
SDR allocation
allocative efficiency of resources

Pareto efficiency
Pareto optimal
Pareto optimality
Paretian optimality
allotted number of votes

[IMF]
20
Arabic

English
alternative measure of variability
amended Articles of Agreement

][IMF
Articles of Agreement as amended
) (
)amendment (to the Articles of Agreement

][IMF
] [1993-
amendment
][SNA93
AML supervisory principles
) (
amortization
amortization profile
) (
amount of access
][IMF
21
English
Arabic
amount outstanding
amount payable forthwith
anchor
[monetary policy]
ancillary meetings
[IMF-IBRD Annual Meetings]
ancillary services
annual arrangement
[ESAF, PRGF]
Annual Bank Conference on Development Economics

[World Bank]
ABCDE
22
English
Arabic
Annual Meetings (of the Boards of Governors) of the International Monetary Fund and
the World Bank
[IMF-World Bank]
Annual Meetings of the Board of Governors
Annual Meetings
annual rate of basic pay
Annual Report of the Executive Board
[IMF]
Annual Report
Annual Report on Exchange Arrangements and Exchange Restrictions
[IMF; publication not translated]

AREAER
ARER
Annual Report on Portfolio Performance
[IBRD]
ARPP
annuity
23
English
Arabic
anticipated growth rate
anticyclical reserve fund
anticyclical tax
antidumping duty
anti-money laundering
AML
anti-money laundering/combating the financing of terrorism
AML/CFT
apex institution
application for membership
[IMF]
appointed Executive Director

[IMF]
24
English
Arabic
apportionment of appropriations
[USA]
( )
appreciate
appropriation
appropriation ceiling
appropriation-in-aid
[budget]
Arab accounting dinar
[AMF]
AAD
Arab Bank for Economic Development in Africa
ABEDA
BADEA
Arab Fund for Economic and Social Development

AFESD
25
English
Arabic
Arab Monetary Fund
AMF
arbitrager
arbitrageur
arbitration clause
area department
[IMF]
arithmetic mean
mean
arm's length
[trade]
arrangement
[IMF]
arrangements
26
English
Arabic

arrears country
[IMF]
country with payment arrears
Article IV consultation discussions
[IMF]
consultation discussions
Article IV consultation
[IMF]
Articles of Agreement of the International Monetary Fund

[IMF]
Articles of Agreement
Fund Agreement
Articles of the Fund
artificial person
legal entity
corporation
corporate body
27
English
Arabic

artisanal industry
cottage industry
Asia and Pacific Department
[IMF]
APD
Asia and Pacific Regional Division
[MCM/R2]
Asian Development Bank
AsDB
ADB
" "
""
Asian noodle bowl
28
English
Arabic
Asia-Pacific Economic Cooperation forum

APEC
APEC Council
APEC Forum
Asia-Pacific Economic Cooperation
Asia-Pacific Economic Cooperation Council
Asia-Pacific Economic Forum
assessment letter
[IMF]
comfort letter
assessment statement
assessment mission
[IMF-IBRD]
Assessment of Financial Sector Supervision and Regulation
AFSSR
assessment roll
[taxation]
assessment list
29
English
Arabic
assessment
[SNA93]
assessor
[taxation]
asset
asset liability management
ALM
asset operation
asset redemption
asset-backed commercial paper
ABCP
asset-backed securities
ABS
30
English
Arabic
Assistant to the Director
[IMF]
Assistant to the Secretary
[IMF-SEC]
associated borrowing arrangement

[IMF, GAB]
associated agreement
associated enterprise
associate
associated company
Association of Southeast Asian Nations
( )
ASEAN
Atlantic Division
[WHD/AT]
attendance list
31
English
Arabic

attrition rate
auction rate
][exchange rates
auction-rate security
ARS
audit committee
audit office
auditing department
audit opinion
audit
auditing
audited financial statements
32
English
Arabic
Auditor
[IMF-OIA]
Auditor, Senior
[IMF-OIA]
augmented resources
[IMF]
augmented Fund resources
authorized bank
[exchange market]
authorized capital
automatic release warrant
automatic stabilizer
built-in stabilizer
autoregressive conditional heteroscedasticity model

ARCH Model
33
English
Arabic
average daily balance
average-inflation country
avoidance of cross-conditionality
[IMF]
back office
background paper
backloaded stimulus package
back-loading
[IMF]
backtest
[bank supervision]
backtesting
34
English
Arabic
back-to-back credit
back-to-back loan
back-to-back missions
[IMF]
back-to-office report
BTO

48
forty-eight-hour report
debrief
[IMF]
backward shifting
bad asset
bad asset overhang
bad loan
bad debt
[accounting]
35
English
Arabic
( )
bail in
( )
bailout
rescue
Balance of Payments and External Debt Division I, II
()( )
[STA/A1, A2]
Balance of Payments Compilation Guide
balance of payments constraint
balance of payments financing
Balance of Payments Manual
[IMF]
BPM
balance of payments need

[IMF]
36
English
Arabic
balance of payments position

payments position
balance of payments statistics
BOP statistics
balance of payments surplus
balance of payments test
[IMF]
balance of payments
[IFS; SNA93]
balance of risks
balance of trade
trade balance
[IFS]
balance sheet approach to financial crisis

balance sheet approach
37
English
Arabic
balance sheet cleansing
balance sheet clean-up
balance sheet mismatch
balance sheet vulnerabilities
balance sheet
general balance sheet
statement of financial position
statement of financial condition
statement of condition
statement of assets and liabilities
balance sheet statement
balanced distribution of holdings
[IMF]
balanced positions
[IMF]
balancing item
38
English
Arabic
balancing statement
[SNA]
Bali Action Plan
Bali Roadmap
balloon loan
bank advisory committee

[London Club]
advisory committee
steering committee
bank assessment
bank call report form
bank report form

report form
[IFS]
39
English
Arabic

bank call report

call report
bank cash ratio
bank examination
Bank for International Settlements
BIS
bank liquidity ratio
bank money
Bank of Central African States
BEAC
bank of issue
currency issuing agency
bank secrecy
40
Arabic

English
bank supervision
banking supervision
bank supervisors
Bank/Fund Conferences Office

][SEC/AI/BF
BFCO
banker's acceptance
bank acceptance
bankers' bank
bankers' deposit
][central bank
)(
bankers' reserves
banking authorities
41
English
Arabic
banking soundness
banking survey
[GMBS; IFS]
banking
banking sector
banklike institutions, other
[GMBS]
bankruptcy
bankruptcy law
bar
[gold]
bargaining power
42
English
Arabic

barrier to entry
[trade]
barter
barter economy
base money
monetary base
reserve money
central bank money
high-powered money
base period
Basel Capital Accord
[BIS]
Basel capital
[MPI]
43
English
Arabic
Basel Committee on Banking Supervision

BCBS
Basel Committee
Cooke Committee
Basel II
[BIS]
baseline projection
baseline scenario
[IMF]
reference scenario
RS
benchmark scenario
trend scenario
business-as-usual scenario
BAU
nonintervention scenario
base-to-income elasticity
44
English
Arabic
base-weighted price index

base-weighted index
Laspeyres index
[FSIG]
basic balance
[BPM5]
basic foodstuffs
staples
basic period
[IMF]
basic rate of charge
[IMF]
basic vote
[IMF]
basis of assessment
45
English
Arabic

basis of reporting
basis point
BPS
basket peg
basket pegging
composite peg
bear market
[securities exchange]
bearish market
bearer instrument
bearer paper
bearer security
before taxes
pretax
beggar-my-neighbor policy
beggar-thy-neighbor policy
46
English
Arabic

behavior variable
behavioral economics
behavioral equation
below the line

[BPM5, GFS 1986]
below-the-line item
benchmark bond index
[IMF]
benchmark
[IMF, PRGF]
performance benchmark
benefit
benefits
47
English
Arabic

benign neglect
best estimate
best practices
BP
better-policies scenario
[WEO]
best-policies scenario
optimistic scenario
( )
bias
[statistics]
biased estimator
biased
[statistics]
48
English
Arabic
bicyclic procedure
[IMF consultations]
bi-cycle
bid price
( )
bid-ask spread
( )
[FSIG; MPI]
bidder
tenderer
bid-offer spread
[exchange rates]
biennial consultation
[IMF]
biennial surveillance review

BSR
Biennial Review of Surveillance
49
English
Arabic
bilateral central rate

[EMS]
bilateral creditor
[HIPC Initiative]
bilateral payments agreement

[GMBS]
bilateral payments arrangement
bilateral surveillance
[IMF]
Article IV surveillance
bilateral swap lines for foreign exchange liquidity / Temporary reciprocal currency
arrangement / swap line
bilateral trade weight
/ / / /
/
bill
50
English
Arabic
billion
[IMF-IBRD; USA]
binding
bipolar view
blended GDP variable
blending of resources
blocked account
[GMBS]
blue chip
gilt-edged security
[GBR]
Board Discussion
51
English
Arabic
Board of Executive Directors
[WB]
Board
Board of Governors of the Federal Reserve System

[USA]
Federal Reserve Board

FRB
Board of Governors
[IMF]
board seminar
bond
bond market
fixed-income market
bond portfolio
holdings of bonds
52
English
Arabic

bond warrant
debt warrant
bonded good
bonus interest rate
bonus share
bonus stock
book profit
book-entry security
paperless security
border tax adjustment
border trade
border worker
53
English
Arabic
borrow short and lend long
Borrowed Resources Suspense Accounts
[IMF]
BRSA
borrowed resources
[IMF]
borrowing arrangement
[IMF]
borrowing agreement
borrowing capacity
borrowing rate
borrowing ratio
[IMF borrowing]
borrowing requirement
54
English
Arabic
borrowing-quota ratio
[IMF borrowing]
bottleneck inflation
bottom out
bracket creep
[taxation]
bracket progression
" "
Brady Plan
branch
[1993 - ]
Brazil, Russia, India and China Club
" "
BRIC Club
break-even inflation
55
English
Arabic

break-even point
Bretton Woods Institutions
BWI
Bretton Woods system
[exchange rates]
bridge table
[statistics]
briefing
briefing note
broad financial market
broadening of the tax base
56
English
Arabic
broadly defined money supply

broad money
money broadly
broker
stockbroker

[1993 - ]

brokerage fee
brokerage
Brussels Office
[IMF-EUR]
EUO/BR
" "
bubble economy
budget appropriation process

budget appropriation
appropriation
budgetary appropriation
budgetary appropriation process
57
English
Arabic

budget constraint
budget cut
budget deficit
budget gap
budget estimate
budget forecast
budget execution
budget framework law
budget institution
budgetary unit
spending agency
spending department
spending unit
budget law
approved budget
58
English
Arabic
budget outturn
budget performance
budget proposal
[GFS 1986]
draft budget
budget bill
Budget Reform Division
[OBP/BR]
budget savings
Budget Strategy Division
[IMF-OBP/BS]
budget universality principle

general budget rule
budget year
59
English
Arabic
budgetary balance
budgetary equilibrium
budgetary expenditure
budgetary outlay
fiscal expenditure
budgetary financing gap

budgetary gap
budgeted funds
budgeting
/
/
/
budgetization
)(
fiscalization
( )
buff (paper)
[IMF]
buff statement
60
English
Arabic
Buffer Stock Financing Facility
[SNA93]
BSFF
building and loan associations
[SNA93]
building society
[GBR]
built-in elasticity of a tax system
bull market
[securities exchange]
( )
bullish market
bullet loan
bunching of maturities
debt bunching
61
English
Arabic
buoyancy
( )
( )
burden sharing
[IMF; BPM5]
burden-sharing mechanism
[IMF]
business activity
business community
business continuity plan
business corporation
corporation
62
English
Arabic

business cycle
economic cycle
trade cycle
boom and bust
boom-bust cycle
business expenses
representation expenses
business investment
business plan
business profits
trading profits
business services
[BPM5, BPM6]

[1993 -]
business travel
[BPM5]
63
English
Arabic
buy-and-hold investor
buyback agreement
debt buyback
debt repurchase
buyback arrangement
[WTO]
buyback
[WTO]
buy-down loan
[IBRD]
buyer's credit
[WTO]
buyer's market
soft market
64
English
Arabic
buying exchange rate

buying rate
buyer's rate
bid rate
buying member
[IMF]
By-Laws
[IMF]
by-laws
By-Laws, Rules and Regulations
[IMF]
byproduct
by-product
calculated market interest rate

calculated market rate
65
English
Arabic
calculated quota share

[IMF]
share in calculated quotas

[IMF]
calendar year
call account
call for committed funds

call
call in debt
call money
call option clause

call option
call provision
66
English
Arabic

call option
call
callable bond
CAMELS composite rating

capital, assets, management, earnings, liquidity

"CAMEL"
" CAMELS"
CAMEL
Canadian International Development Agency
CIDA
cancellation of SDRs
[IMF]
capacity building
capacity constraint
67
English
Arabic

capacity output
capacity underutilization
underutilization
capacity utilization
capital
capital account convertibility
capital account crisis
capital account
][budget
capital adequacy
capital adequacy ratio

CAR
68
English
Arabic
capital and financial account
[BPM5]
capital asset
fixed asset
fixed capital
non-current asset
long-term asset
long-lived asset
plant and equipment
capital assets pricing model
CAPM
capital base
capital budget
[IMF]
capital buffer
69
English
Arabic

capital controls
capital cost
cost of capital
capital cushion
capital deepening
capital expenditure
CAPEX
capital outlay
capital flight
[SNA93]
flight of funds
capital flow
capital movements
70
English
Arabic

capital formation
[SNA93]
capital gain
holding gains
capital gains tax
capital gearing ratio
gearing ratio
leverage
[corporate finance, USA]
gearing
[GBR]
financial gearing
capital good
producer good
capital income
71
English
Arabic
capital intensiveness
capital intensity
capital investment
capital loss
capital market
Capital Market Development and Financial Infrastructure Division
[MCM/CD]
Capital Requirement Directive
CRD
capital revenue
[GFSY]
capital stock
72
English
Arabic

capital transfer
capital value
capital widening
widening of capital
capital, excluding reserve assets

capital, excluding reserves
capital-asset ratio
[banking]
capital ratio
capital-debt ratio
equity-debt ratio
capital-exporting country
capital-importing country
73
English
Arabic

capital-intensive
capitalization (of interest)
[Paris Club]
capitalized value
capital-labor ratio
capital-loan ratio
[banking]
capital-output ratio
carbon capture and storage

/
/
CCS
carbon capture
carbon credits
74
English
Arabic
carbon emissions trading scheme

carbon trading scheme
cap and trade scheme
carbon market
carbon pricing scheme
career stream
career pattern
Caribbean Community
CARICOM
Caribbean Common Market
Caribbean Development Bank
CARIBANK
CDB
Caribbean Financial Action Task Force

[money laundering]
CFATF
75
English
Arabic
Caribbean Regional Technical Assistance Center
[IMF-CARICOM-UNDP]
CARTAC
carry trade
carryforward
carryover
loss carryforward
loss carryover
tax loss carryforward
tax loss carryover
carrying cost (of inventories)
carrying value
carrying amount
written-down value
book value
Cartagena Agreement
Andean Subregional Integration Agreement
76
English
Arabic

cascading
[taxation]
case study
cash
cash account
[IMF, SDA]
cash balance
cash basis accounting

cash accounting
cash bond
[contracts]
cash buyback
[debt]
77
English
Arabic

cash crop
cash economy
cash-based economy
cash flow
cash flow budget

cash budget
cash plan
cash flow relief

cash relief
cash in bank
cash held by banks
cash in hand
cash on hand
][GFSM
78
English
Arabic
cash loan disbursement
cash loan
financial loan
cash management
cash margin
cash payment
cash position
cash rate
overnight rate
call rate
call money rate
interbank call rate
overnight call money rate
79
English
Arabic
cash ratio requirement

minimum cash requirement
cash settlement
cash voucher
[GFS 1986]
cashier's check
official check
treasurer's check
bank check
catalytic effect
catch-up demand
ceiling price
Center for Latin American Monetary Studies

CEMLA
80
English
Arabic
Central Africa Regional Technical Assistance Center
[IMF]
Central AFRITAC
Central African Banking Commission
COBAC
Central African Economic and Monetary Community
CAEMC
Economic and Monetary Community of Central Africa
Central African Monetary Union
CAMU
Central African States Development Bank
CASDB
Central American Common Market
CACM
Central American Division

[WHD/CA]
81
English
Arabic
Central American Free Trade Agreement

CAFTA
Dominican Republic - Central America - United States Free Trade Agreement

CAFTA-DR
Central Asia Regional Economic Cooperation Program
[ADB]
CAREC
Central Bank Gold Agreement

CBGA
Washington Agreement on Gold
Central Bank of West African States
BCEAO
central bank
central banker
central banking
82
English
Arabic
Central Banking Division
[MCM/CB]
central counterparty
CCP
Central Division, I, II, III
()( )( )
[EUR/C1, C2, C3]
central government
central rate
[IMF]
centrally planned economy
[SNA93]
CPE
certificate of indebtedness
CI
83
English
Arabic

certified check
marked check
certified bank check
[GMBS]
ceteris paribus
all other things being equal
other things equal
other things being equal
CFA Franc Zone

franc zone
franc area
chair
[IMF Governance]
Chairman of the Executive Board
[IMF]
Chairman's Statement
[IMF]
84
English
Arabic
Chairperson of the Oversight Panel
change in holdings
[BPM5]
change of ownership
Changes: Successful Partnerships for Africa's Growth Challenge
charge
[in general]
chargeback
chart of accounts
charter
[banking]
cheap money policy

easy money policy
85
English
Arabic

checkable deposit
checkable savings account

[IFS]
checks and balances system
Chiang Mai Initiative Multilateralization

CMI Multilateralization
Post-CMI
Chiang Mai initiative
CMI
child allowance
[IMF-HRD]
civil service
86
English
Arabic
Civil Society Policy Forum
CSPF
Civil Society Forum
civil society
civic society
claim
[finance]
claims on deposit money banks

[GMBS; IFS]
claims on general government

[GFS 1986]
claims on nonfinancial public enterprises

[GMBS; IFS]
claims on nonresidents
[BPM5]
87
Arabic

English
claims on official entities
][GMBS; IFS
claims on other financial institutions

][GMBS; IFS
claims on private sector

][GMBS; IFS
claims on state and local governments

][GMBS; IFS
cleansing of banks
clear the market
clearing account
][IFS
clearing arrangement
88
English
Arabic

clearing bank
clearing mechanism
clearinghouse
clearing house
[SNA93]
client due diligence

[money laundering]
customer due diligence
know your customer
know your client

KYC
Client Services Division
[TGS/IC]
cliff effect
Climate Investment Fund

CIF
89
English
Arabic
close substitute
close the books
closing liabilities
code of conduct
[IMF member]
Code of Good Practices on Fiscal Transparency (2001)

[IMF]
Revised Code of Good Practices on Fiscal Transparency
Code of Good Practices on Fiscal Transparency (2007)
()
[IMF]
Code of Good Practices on Transparency in Monetary and Financial Policies:

Declaration of Principles
[IMF]
MFP Transparency Code
MFP Code
90
English
Arabic
cofinancing arrangement
[IBRD]
cofinancing trust account
[IMF]
CTA
coinage
minting
coincident indicator
coincidental indicator
Collaborative Africa Budget Reform Initiative
CABRI
collateral account
[IMF rights approach]
collateral pooling system
91
English
Arabic
collateral security
collateral guarantee
collateral
[BPM6; GFSM]
collateral value
collateralize
collateralized bond
collateralized bond obligation
CBO
collateralized debt obligation squared
CDO squared
collateralized debt obligation

CDO
92
English
Arabic
collateralized loan obligation
CLO
collateralized mortgage obligation

CMO
collect tax
collection of data
gathering of data
collective action clause
[debt]
CAC
collective bargaining
collective bargaining agreement

collective labor agreement
labor contract
union contract
93
English
Arabic

collective good
public good
social good
collective judgment
sense of the meeting
collective representation clause
collusive bidding
collusive tendering
bid rigging
Cologne terms
co-manager
[syndicated loans]
co-lead manager
combating the financing of terrorism

CFT
94
English
Arabic
combined market interest rate
[SDR]
combined market rate
comfort zone
command economy
controlled economy
commercial arrears
commercial bank
commercial creditor
commercial debt
bank debt
commercial GDP
[SNA]
commercialized GDP
95
English
Arabic
commercial interest reference rate

CIRR
commercial lender
commercial lending
commercial loan
commercial credit
[Paris Club]
nonconcessional loan
commercial mortgage-backed security
CMBS
commercial paper
[FSIG]
commercial position
96
English
Arabic
Commission of the European Communities

[EC]
CEC
European Commission
EC
Commission on Growth and Development
Commission on the Measurement of Economic Performance and Social Progress

Stiglitz Commission
commitment basis accounting

[budget]
commitment basis
commitment fee
commitment charge
commitment gap
[IMF]
97
English
Arabic
commitment period
committed resources
[IMF]
commitments
Committee of Eminent Persons to Study Sustainable Long-Term Financing of the IMF

Committee to Study Sustainable Long-Term Financing of the IMF
Committee of Eminent Persons

Crockett Committee
Committee of the Whole for the Development Committee
[IMF, Executive Board]

CWDC
Committee of the Whole on Review of Quotas

CQuota
Committee on Article XIV Consultations

98
English
Arabic
Committee on IMF Governance Reform
Committee on Interpretation

COI
Committee on Membership -- [country]
[ ] -

membership committee
Committee on the Annual Report

CAR
commodities price shock
commodity
commodity composition of trade
commodity currency
99
English
Arabic
commodity exchange
commodities exchange
exchange
commodity fund
commodity future
[BPM5]
commodity futures market
commodity gold
[BPM5; SNA93]
commodity index fund
commodity index investment
commodity market
100
English
Arabic
commodity-indexed bond
commodity bond
commodity-linked bond
commodity-linked finance
commodity-backed financing
Common Market for Eastern and Southern Africa
COMESA
Common Monetary Area
[AFR]
CMA
common share
common stock
ordinary share
stock
commons
101
English
Arabic
Commonwealth of Independent States
CIS
community-based organization
CBO
community-driven development
CDD
comparable worth
comparative advantage
Compensation and Benefits Policy Division
[HRD/CB]
compensation package
compensation
[SDR]
102
English
Arabic
Compensatory and Contingency Financing Facility
[IMF]
CCFF
compensatory drawing
[IMF]
Compensatory Financing Facility
[IMF]
CFF
compensatory financing of export fluctuations
compensatory financing of fluctuations in the cost of cereal imports

[CCFF]
cereal facility
[IMF]
cereal component
competitive bid
[securities auctions]
103
English
Arabic
competitive depreciation
[exchange]
competitive devaluation
competitive disadvantage
competitiveness
competitive ability
compilation of data
compilation
[BPM5]
completion point triggers
[IMF--HIPC Initiative]
completion point
[IMF; HIPC Initiative]
compliance (with performance criteria)

[IMF]
104
( )
( )
English
Arabic
component currency
( )
[IMF]
composition of creditors
[bankruptcy]
composition agreement
creditors' arrangement
Composition of Official Foreign Exchange Reserves
[IMF]
COFER
currency composition of foreign exchange reserves
compound interest rate

compound rate
Comprehensive Africa Agriculture Development Programme
CAADP
Comprehensive Development Framework

[IBRD]
CDF
105
English
Arabic
compression booster
compression factor
Comptroller General
compulsory reserve deposit
compulsory withdrawal
[IMF]
concertation of policies
concessional assistance
concessional aid
concessional counter-cyclical loan
concessional element
concessionary element
106
English
Arabic
concessional financing
concessional flow
concessionary flow
concessional interest rate
concessional lending
concessional loan
concessional terms
concessionary terms
concessional treatment
[Paris Club]
concessionality
concessional
concessionary
107
English
Arabic
concessionality
concurrence of the member
[IMF]
conditional relief arrangement
[customs]
conditionality for the tranches

[IMF]
conditionality
[IMF]
conduit
conduit company
conduit
Conference on the World Financial and Economic Crisis and Its Impact on Development
108
Arabic

English
confidence interval
][statistics
confidence level
][statistics
conforming mortgage
connected lending
][FSIG
connected loan
consent
][IMF quotas
) (
conservator
/
/
consistency check
109
English
Arabic
consistency of valuation
[BPM5]
consistency
[statistics]
consistent estimator
[statistics]
consolidated central government

[GFS; GFSY]
consolidation
consolidation period
[debt restructuring]
consortium (for country X)
( )

conspicuous consumption
110
English
Arabic

constant return
constituency
[IMF Executive Board and committees]
chair
( )
( )
( )
( )
constraint
consultation cycle
[IMF]
Consultative Group on Exchange Rate Issues

CGER
Consultative Group on Exchange Rates
Consultative Group on International Agricultural Research

[IBRD]
CGIAR
111
Arabic

English
Consultative Group on International Economic and Monetary Affairs, Inc.
Group of Thirty
consumer credit
][SNA93
consumer durable
hard good
consumer price index

CPI
consumer spending
household expenditure
consumer surplus
consumer tastes
consumer preferences
112
English
Arabic
consumerism
consumption expenditure
consumption spending
consumption function
consumption pattern
consumption behavior
consumption tax
contagion effect
contagion
[FSIG]
contemporaneous reserve accounting

CRA
113
English
Arabic

contingencies
[FSIG; GFSM]
contingency clause
[IBRD/CCFF]
contingency financing
contingent financing
contingent credit line
contingency fund
[GFS 1986]
contingency reserve
contingency measure
contingency mechanism
contingency mechanism for the adjustment of targets
contingent claim
contingent asset
114
English
Arabic
contingent claims approach
CCA
contingent contract
[GFSM 2001]
Contingent Credit Line(s)

[IMF]
CCL
contingent liability
contingent risk
continuous session
contra account
valuation allowance
contractionary bias
115
English
Arabic
contractionary impulse
contractionary policy
contractual maturity
[BPM5]
contrived scarcity
control
convertible arbitrage strategy
convertible debt instrument
cooperation test
[IMF]
cooperative arrangements (for maintenance of value of currencies)

[IMF, exchange arrangements]
116
( )
English
Arabic
cooperative monetary arrangement

[monetary policy]
cooperative arrangement
common arrangement
common monetary arrangement
cooperative sector
[SNA93]
Coordinated Compilation Exercise

CCE
Coordinated Portfolio Investment Survey
[IMF, OECD]
CPIS
Coordination and Standards Division
[PDR/CS]
core bank
117
English
Arabic
core data category
[GDDS]
core fund
[Global Environment Facility, WB]
core inflation
underlying inflation
built-in inflation
core lending
[IBRD]
Core Principles for Effective Banking Supervision

[BIS;Basle Committee]
core principles
Basel Core Principles
corners hypothesis
corporate accounting standards
118
English
Arabic

corporate banking
corporate bond
corporate equity
corporate governance
corporate income tax

CIT
corporate raider
][stock exchange
raider
corporate risk spreads
119
English
Arabic
corporate sector workout
corporate workout
workout
correlation coefficient
[statistics]
correspondence table
conversion key
correspondent bank
cost & freight

c. & f.
CFR
cost accounting
cost effectiveness
effectiveness
120
English
Arabic

cost of carry
cost of living adjustment

COLA
cost price
cost pricing
)(
cost recovery
][BPM5
cost, insurance, and freight

c.i.f.
cost, insurance, freight
][SNA93
cost-benefit analysis
121
English
Arabic

cost-push inflation
cost inflation
Council
[IMF, AA]
Counsel, Consulting
[IMF-LEG]
Counsellor (of the Fund)
( )
[IMF]
countercyclical action
anticyclical measure
countercyclical facility
/
/
counterpart entry
counterpart item
counterpart to allocation/cancellation
[IMF, BPM5]
122
English
Arabic
counterpart to monetization/demonetization of gold

counterpart to monetization/demonetization
counterpart to valuation changes
/
/
[BPM5; IFS Descriptors]

revaluation counterpart
Counterparty Risk Management Policy Group

CRMPG
Counterparty Risk Management Group

Corrigan Group
/
/

counterpurchase
[trade]
countertrade
[BPM5]
countervailing duty
antibounty duty
123
English
Arabic

country brief
[IBRD]
country coordinator
[GDDS]
Country Director
[IBRD]
Country Information System
[IMF]
CIS
country ownership
borrower ownership
program ownership
ownership
country page
[IFS]
124
Arabic

English
country partnership strategy
][World Bank
CPS
country assistance strategy
][IBRD
CAS
country risk
][BPM5

] [
country shares
country surveillance
]country-owned [strategy, program
coupon bond
coupon rate
125
English
Arabic

covenant lite loan

cov-lite
cover
[export credit]
( )

( )
coverage
[IMF-EBB]
covered interest rate arbitrage
[exchange market]
CIA
covered interest rate differential
[exchange market]
crawling peg
adjustable peg
fixed but adjustable exchange rate
credit
126
English
Arabic

credit balance
credit ceiling
credit limit
lending ceiling
credit cooperative
][GMBS
credit crunch
credit squeeze
credit freeze
tightening of credit
credit default swap

CDS
credit downgrade
credit easing
127
English
Arabic

credit freeze
security freeze
credit from monetary authorities
[IFS; GMBS]
credit policy
credit rating
credit rating agency

[corporations]
credit agency
mercantile agency
international rating agency
rating agency
rating services
credit rationing
128
English
Arabic
credit risk indicator
CRI
credit risk
[FSIG]
counterparty risk
credit spread
credit tranche drawing
[IMF]
credit tranche position
credit tranche purchase

[IMF]
credit tranche
[IMF]
129
English
Arabic
credit union
cooperative savings association
credit-enhanced obligation
[securities]
enhanced obligation
creditor bank
creditor country
creditor position
asset position
creditor
[GFSM; SNA93]
creditworthiness
credit standing
130
English
Arabic
creeping inflation (steady)

persistent inflation
crisis prevention facility
Crisis Resolution Issues Division
[SPR/CR]
CRI
criticized asset
crony capitalism
" "

cronyism
""
crop year
cross debts
cross elasticity
131
English
Arabic

cross rate
cross-border claim
transborder claim
transborder interbank claim
cross-border coordination
cross-border lending
foreign lending
cross-border risk
cross-classification
multiple classification
[statistics]
cross-conditionality
[IMF-IBRD]
132
English
Arabic
cross-country analysis
cross-country review
cross-country study
Cross-Country Fiscal Monitor
The State of Public Finances: A Cross-Country Fiscal Monitor
cross-currency warrant
cross-cutting issue
cross-default clause
[London Club]
cross-section analysis
cross-sectional study
crowding-in effect
133
English
Arabic
crowding-out effect
crowding out of private investment
crystallization (of a loss)
( )
CSO Townhall Meetings
cumulative net drawings
[IMF]
currency acceptable to the Fund
[IMF]
currency basket
basket of currencies
134
English
Arabic
currency board arrangement

[IMF exchange rate classification system, 2006]
CBA
currency board
[GFSM]
currency component
[IMF]
currency composite
composite of currencies
currency composition
currency conversion
[BPM5]
currency convertibility
135
Arabic

English
currency holdings
][IMF
IMF holdings of currencies
Fund holdings of currencies
currencies held by the Fund
][IMF
currency in circulation
currency issue
currency liabilities
currency mismatch
][FSIG
currency option bond
currency outside banks

cash outside banks
136
English
Arabic
currency redenomination
currency substitution
currency swap
currency union
currency unit
currency valuation adjustment

[IMF, accounts]
CVA
valuation adjustment
currency warrant
currency
[BPM5; BPM6; GFSM; SNA93]
137
English
Arabic

current account
current account balance

balance on current account
current account convertibility
current asset
short-term asset
current budget
current capital
net current assets

working capital
[SNA93]
Current Communications Division
current expenditure
138
English
Arabic
/
/

current liability
short-term liability
current debt
current maturities
current prices
in current prices
at current prices
[CPI]
current ratio
current replacement cost

replacement cost
current revenue
[GFSY]
current receipts
[SNA93]
CR
139
English
Arabic

current value
present value
current, to be
[IMF]
current-weighted index
Paasche index
customary business practices
customs bond
customs bonded warehouse

bonded warehouse
customs clearance
customs duty
customs duty bill
140
English
Arabic

customs frontier
customs tariff
tariff
[SNA93]
customs union
tariff union
customs valuation
cutback(s)
[fiscal policy]
cutoff date
[Paris Club]
cyclical influence
/ /
cyclical position
141
English
Arabic
cyclical unemployment
cyclically adjusted
cyclically neutral budget
Data Dissemination Standards Division
[STA/DD]
Data Quality Assessment Framework
[IMF, DSBB]
DQAF
Data Quality Reference Site
[IMF, DSBB]
data reporting
[IMF-STA]
reporting
[IMF-STA]
142
English
Arabic
Data Standards Initiative
[IMF]
Standards Initiative
dataset-specific quality assessment framework

dataset-specific framework
specific assessment framework
de minimis clause
[Paris Club]
deadweight loss
efficiency loss
dealer
[USA]
jobber
[GBR]
debenture debt
143
English
Arabic
) (
] [

] [

debenture
][GBR; USA
debit
debit balance
debriefing
][IMF
debt amortization
amortization
debt and debt service reduction

DDSR
debt burden
debt capital
loan capital
144
English
Arabic

debt ceiling
debt consolidation
debt funding
funding
debt conversion
[Paris Club]
debt swap
debt-debt swap
bond swap
debt covenant
covenant
debt disbursed and outstanding
debt fatigue
debt financing
debt finance
145
English
Arabic

debt for aid swap

[Paris Club]
debt for development swap
debt for environment swap
debt for nature swap

[Paris Club]
debt forgiveness
debt cancellation
cancellation of debt
forgiveness
debt holder
debt management
146
English
Arabic

debt moratorium
[London Club]
debt standstill
payments standstill
debt overhang
Debt Policy Division
[ IMF-SPR ]
debt principal
principal
Debt Reduction Facility for IDA-Only Countries
""
[IBRD]
IDA Debt Reduction Facility
debt reduction operations
DROPS
debt refinancing
147
English
Arabic

debt relief
Debt Relief for Low-Income Countries: The Enhanced HIPC Initiative
debt reporting system
"" :
[IMF]
debt repudiation
[GFSM]
debt rescheduling
rescheduling
debt restructuring
debt reconstruction
restructuring
debt security
debt instrument
148
Arabic

English
debt service payment
service payment
debt service ratio
debt service
debt servicing
][SNA93
debt sustainability
debt sustainability analysis

][IMF
DSA
debt sustainability framework

DSF
debt sustainability threshold
149
English
Arabic

debt workout
debt renegotiation
workout
debt-distressed country
severely indebted country
debt-distressed situation
debt distress
debt-equity ratio
debt-equity swap
[Paris Club]
debt for equity swap
debt for equity conversion
conversion of debt into equity
debt-to-equity swap
debt-export ratio
debt-to-exports ratio
150
English
Arabic
debtor country
debtor position
liability position
Debtor Reporting System, World Bank
( )
[IBRD]
DRS
debt-servicing capacity
decentralized agency
[GFS 1986]
decision maker
decision making (process)
Decision on Bilateral Surveillance over Members' Policies

[IMF]
151
English
Arabic

decision point
[IMF; HIPC Initiative]
declaration of censure
[IMF overdue financial obligations]

censure
declaration of ineligibility
[IMF]
declaration of noncooperation
[IMF]
decoupled income support

decoupled support
decoupling
[EU]
decoupling theory
dedicated investor
152
English
Arabic
deep financial market
deep-discount bond
deep-discounted bond
deep-pocketed investor
default contagion
default on obligations
default on payment
default
deferred charges
[IMF accounts]
deferred compensation
deferred credit
153
English
Arabic
deferred deduction executive remuneration
deferred income
[IMF accounts]
( )

deficit financing
deficit spending
pump priming
deficit reduction package
deflate (prices)
deflationary demand measure
deflationary gap
deflationary pressure
deflator
154
Arabic

] [1997 -
English
delegation of authority
][BL
deleverage
deleveraging
delinquency
delinquent borrower
delinquent tax
demand curve
demand deposit
checking account deposit
sight deposit
155
English
Arabic

demand elasticity
elasticity of demand
demand function
demand management
demand restraint
demand schedule
demand, payable on
[banking]
demand-pull inflation
demand inflation
( )

demonetization
demonstration effect
156
English
Arabic
denomination
[banknotes]
Department for International Development
[UK]
DFID
Department Head
[IMF]
departmental agency
departmental enterprise
depletion allowance
[SNA93]
deposit bank
[IFS]
157
English
Arabic

deposit claims
deposit guarantee scheme
Deposit Insurance Fund

deposit insurance scheme
deposit liabilities
deposit money bank
deposit rate
][SNA93
deposit run
deposit taking
][banking
attracting deposits
158
English
Arabic

deposit/loan ratio
depository corporation
depository institution
depository
[IMF]
( )
depreciation
depressed area
depth of the market
[financial market]
market depth
Deputy
[G-24, IDA]
deregulation
decontrol
159
English
Arabic

derivation table
[GFS 1986]
derivative instrument
financial derivative
derivative
(... )
derivative
[calculus]
designated depository
[IMF]
designation plan
[IMF]
designation
[IMF; SDR]
160
English
Arabic
desk economist (for ... [country])
( )
[IMF]
desk officer for ( ... [country])
country desk
destabilizing
disequilibrating
[capital flows]
deterrence measure
deterrence
deterrent measure
deterrent
devaluation
[SNA93]
developing and transition countries (DTC)
developing and transition countries
DTC
161
English
Arabic
developing country
development aid
development assistance
[BPM5]
Development Assistance Committee
[OECD]
DAC
Development Grant Facility
[IBRD]
DGF
Development Issues Division
[SPR/DS]
DID
development partner
development policy loan

DPL
162
English
Arabic
difference equation
( .. )
( .. )
difference
[calculus]
( .. )
differential
differential equation
[calculus]
diminishing returns
direct investment
direct investment income
[BPM5]
directed credit
163
English
Arabic
Direction of Trade Statistics Yearbook
[IMF; publication not translated]
DOTS Yearbook
DOTSY
Direction of Trade Statistics
[IMF-STA; publication not translated]

DOTS
direction of trade
geographical direction of trade
Director and Special Representative to the United Nations
[IMF-UNR]
Director for Special Operations
Director
[IMF]
Director, Assistant
[IMF]
164
English
Arabic
Director, Associate
[IMF]
Director, Deputy
[IMF]
Director, Offices in Europe
[IMF/EUO]
directorship
disaggregated data
Disarmament, Demobilization, Reintegration
[Congo (DRC)]
DDR
disbursed debt
165
English
Arabic
disbursement
discharge an obligation
[IMF]
disclosure of on- and off-balance sheet risk
discount
discount bond
discounted bond
discount note
discount rate
[central banking]
minimum lending rate
[GBR]
MLR
bank rate
[GBR]
166
English
Arabic
discount window
[central banking]
discountable
eligible for discounting
eligible for rediscounting
discrete devaluation
step devaluation
discrete
[mathematics]
discriminating monopoly
discriminatory currency practice
[IMF]
discriminatory tariff preference
diseconomy
167
English
Arabic

dishoarding
disincentive
disinflation
disinflationary
disintermediation
disinvestment
disorderly exchange market conditions
disposable income
][BPM5; SNA93
168
English
Arabic
disposal
disposal of problem assets
disposition (of assets)
( )
disposition
disruption
dissaving
negative saving
Dissemination Standards Bulletin Board
[IMF]
DSBB
distance to default
distance to distress
DD
169
English
Arabic
distortion
distressed asset
distributed earnings
[BPM5]

[1993 -]
distribution channel
distribution function
[statistics]
distribution of income
income distribution
distributional effect
distributive effect
disturbance
170
English
Arabic
divergence indicator
[EMS]
diversified borrower
divestiture (of public enterprises)
( )
( )
( )
... ()( )( )
Division 1, 2, 3, ...
[AFR/01, 02, 03, ...]
Division Chief
[IMF]
Division Chief, Deputy
[IMF]
doctored data
Doha Development Agenda

[WTO]
DDA
171
Arabic

English
Doha Development Round
Doha Round
development round
][trade
/ " "
/
Doing Business rankings

][World Bank
dollar balances
dollar overhang
domestic content
][imports
domestic credit expansion

DCE
domestic currency unit value
172
English
Arabic

domestic currency
[GFSM]
local currency
[GFSM]
domestic liabilities
[GFSM]
domestic liquidity
domestic market
home market
domestic resource cost
DRC
domestic saving
domestic securities
domino effect
173
English
Arabic

donor country
donor
[SNA93]
donors and creditors

donors and lenders
dormant debt
double counting
[SNA93]
double taxation
dual taxation
double-entry accounting system

double-entry system
double-entry accounting
double-entry bookkeeping
174
English
Arabic

doubtful loan
doubtful credit
down payment
)(
downgrading
downside risk
downside variability
downstream capacity
downstream integration
175
English
Arabic
downturn
cyclical downturn
downswing
cyclical downswing
downward adjustment
downward bias
negative bias
downward pressure
downward spiral
downward trend
falling trend
downtrend
downward-sloping curve
draft resolution
[IMF]
176
English
Arabic
( )
draw down
[London Club]
draw on the IMF
( )

drawback
[customs]
drawdown period
drawing country
[IMF]
drawer
( )
( )
drawing down
[stocks]
( )
drawing facility
[IMF]
drawing on loans extended

[BOP]
177
English
Arabic

drawing right
[IMF]
dual economy
dual exchange market
dual pricing
dual rate system

[exchange rates]
due and payable
due date
due diligence
dummy out
dummy variable
178
English
Arabic
dumping
[trade]
durable good
duration (of an investment)

duration
( )
[MPI]
Durbin-Watson statistic
DW
Dutch auction
Dutch disease
[oil or natural gas exporting countries]
duty-free
dynamic multiplier
179
English
Arabic
early repurchase expectation

[IMF]
prompt repurchase expectation
early repurchase
[IMF]
advance repurchase
early stabilizer
early warning system model
EWS
( )
earmark
earmarked account
[GMBS]
earmarked tax
earned income
[BPM5]
180
English
Arabic
earning asset
income-earning asset
productive asset
earnings
easing credit
easing
softening
East Africa Regional Technical Assistance Center
East AFRITAC
Eastern Caribbean Central Bank
ECCB
Eastern Caribbean Currency Union

ECCU
181
English
Arabic

easy rider bank

easy rider
economic agent
economic entity
economic unit
Economic and Social Commission for Asia and the Pacific
[UN-ECOSOC]
ESCAP
Economic and Social Commission for Western Asia
[UN-ECOSOC]
ESCWA
Economic and Social Council, United Nations
[UN]
ECOSOC
Economic and Statistical Observatory for Sub-Saharan Africa

AFRISTAT
182
English
Arabic
economic circumstances
economic conditions
economic environment
Economic Commission for Africa
[UN-ECOSOC]
ECA
Economic Commission for Europe
[UN-ECOSOC]
ECE
Economic Commission for Latin America and the Caribbean
ECLAC
Economic Community of West African States
( )
ECOWAS
Economic Counsellor
[IMF-RES]
183
English
Arabic
Economic Data Sharing System
[IMF]
EDSS
economic fundamentals
fundamentals
fundamental determinants
Economic Information System
[IMF-STA]
EIS
" "
Economic Issues
[IMF publication series]
economic life
[SNA93]
useful life
service life
[GFSM]
economic performance
184
English
Arabic

economic price
efficiency price
Economic Recovery Assistance Program
[IMF]
ERAP
economic recovery
recovery
economic slack
economic slowdown
Economic Systems Division
[TGS/IE]
economic welfare
welfare
185
English
Arabic

economics
economies of scale
Economist Program
[IMF]
EP
economy
Editorial and Publications Division
[EXR/EP]
educated guess
effective date
effective exchange rate

EER
186
English
Arabic
effective rate of protection
ERP
Egmont Group of Financial Intelligence Units
elasticity of a tax system
elasticity of expectations
elasticity of supply
supply elasticity
elected Executive Director
[IMF]
elective Executive Director
[IMF]
electronic data processing

EDP
data processing
informatics
187
English
Arabic
electronic funds transfer
EFT
eligibility
[GFSM]
eligible
eligible asset
[banking]
eligible debt
[Paris Club]
eligible vote
[IMF]
embedded derivative
embodied cost
188
English
Arabic
emergency assistance
[IMF]
Emergency Facility for Natural Disasters
[IMF Facilities]
emergency financing mechanism
[IMF]
Emergency Natural Disaster Assistance
ENDA
Emergency Assistance for Natural Disasters
emergency post-conflict assistance

[IMF]
EPCA
emergency and post-conflict assistance
policy of emergency assistance to post-conflict countries
emergency provisions
[AA]
189
English
Arabic
emergency purchase
[IMF facilities]
emerging market
emerging market country
emerging market economy
EME
emerging markets and developing countries
EMDCs
Emerging Markets Bond Index
EMBI
emigration of the tax base
empirical evidence
empirical study
190
English
Arabic
employee attrition rate
Employers participating in the troubled assets relief program
employer's social contributions

[SNA]
employer contribution
employment rate
employment slack
empowerment
enabling environment
encash
[IMF]
191
English
Arabic
encashability of bonds
[ NAB ]
encashable bonds
encashable
encashable loan claim
encashment
encashment right
[IMF]
[BPM5]
end consumer
encumbered
end product
final product
192
English
Arabic
end use
end user
final user
endogenous shock
endogenous variable
endowment
Energy for the Poor Initiative
EFPI
energy-intensive
energy-saving technology
enforceable
[IMF]
193
English
Arabic
enforcement action
enforcement of security
realization of collateral
enforcement power
[IMF]
engagement of the IMF in a country

IMF engagement
[ ]
[ ]
Fund involvement
Fund engagement
engagement
enhanced concessions
[Paris Club]
enhanced credit
credit enhancement
194
English
Arabic
enhanced Initiative for Heavily Indebted Poor Countries

[IMF]
""

enhanced HIPC Initiative

[IMF]
Enhanced Heavily Indebted Poor Countries Initiative
Enhanced Integrated Framework for Trade-Related Technical Assistance to least-
developed countries
Enhanced IF
EIF
Enhanced Structural Adjustment Facility Trust
" "
[IMF]
ESAF Trust
Enhanced Structural Adjustment Facility
[IMF]
ESAF
enhanced SAF
enhanced surveillance procedure

[IMF]
enhanced surveillance
195
English
Arabic
enhancement money
enhancement of resources
enhancement of SDRs
enlarged access resources
[IMF]
EAR
enlarged access to the Fund's resources

[IMF]
EAR
enlarged access to Fund resources
enterprise economy
entitlement program
[USA]
196
English
Arabic

entrepreneur
entrepreneurial income
entrepreneurship
[SNA93]
entry
[accounting]
environmental action plan
[IBRD]
environmental depletion
depletion of natural resources
[BPM5]
environmental impact
197
English
Arabic

environmental tax
green tax
equal value exchange rate
[SDR]
equal value principle
[SDR]
equalization of burden fund
equalization fund
equation of exchange
Fisher equation
equilibrating capital flow

equilibrating capital movement
equilibrium effects
equilibrium exchange rate
198
( )

English
Arabic

equilibrium path
equilibrium unemployment
equilibrium rate of unemployment
equiproportionality
[SDR allocation]
equity capital inflow
equity financing
equity finance
equity income
equity investment
equity loan
199
English
Arabic

equity market
stock market
equity market / stock market (entry 7155)
equity or debt position
equity ownership
equity participation
equity interest
equity share
equity participation note
equity price movements
equity security
equity transaction
200
English
Arabic

equity
equity capital
equity-like instrument
ESAF-HIPC Trust Account

][IMF
escalator clause
escalation clause
escape clause
escrow account
][IMF/WB; HIPC
ESF Subsidy Account

][IMF
201
Arabic

English
ESF-PRGF Subsidy Account
][IMF
essential goods
estate duty
estate tax
estimated expenditure
Ethics Office
][IMF-OMD
EU Policies Division
][EUR/EU
""

Eurepo
euro area
euro zone
202
English
Arabic
Eurobond
Eurobond market
Eurocommercial paper
][BPM5
ECP
Euro-CP
Eurocredit
Eurocurrency loan
euroization
Euromarket
Euronote
203
English
Arabic
Europe and Middle East/Central Asia Regional Division

[MCM/R3]
Regional Division 3
Europe Regional Division
[MCM/R3]
European Bank for Reconstruction and Development
EBRD
European Central Bank
ECB
European currency unit
ECU
European Department
[IMF]
EUR
European Development Fund

EDF
204
English
Arabic
European Economic Area

EEA
European Economic Space
European Financial Stability Facility
EFSF
European Free Trade Association
EFTA
European Investment Bank
EIB
European Monetary System
EMS
European narrow margins arrangement

snake in the tunnel
snake system
currency snake system
multicurrency intervention system
205
" "
" "

English
Arabic
European Network on Debt and Development

EURODAD
European Stabilization Mechanism
" "

ESM
European Financial Stabilization Mechanism
European System of Central Banks
[EU]
ESCB
Eurofed
European Union
EU
Evaluation Committee

EVC
even par swap
206
English
Arabic

event of default
[London Club]
Evian approach
ex ante
ex post assessment of Fund-supported programs
Ex Post Assessment
EPA
ex post evaluation
[IMF]
EPE
exceptional circumstances clause

[IMF, access limit]
excess capital formation

excess capital accumulation
207
English
Arabic
excess demand
excess employment
excess holding ratio
[SDR]
excess profit
economic profit
supranormal profit
excess purchasing power
excess reserves
excess tax burden

excess burden
deadweight loss
efficiency loss
exchange allocation
208
English
Arabic
exchange arrangement
exchange rate arrangement
exchange rate regime

exchange system
exchange arrangements with no separate legal tender
exchange contract
exchange control
exchange restriction
exchange house
exchange bureau
exchange rate anchor

[IMF monetary policy framework classification system, 2006]
exchange rate differential
209
English
Arabic
exchange rate future
Exchange Rate Issues Division
[RES/ER]
exchange rate management
Exchange Rate Mechanism II
ERM II
Exchange Rate Mechanism

[EMS]
ERM
Exchange Rate Mechanism I
ERM I
exchange rate pass-through

ERPT
exchange rate policy

exchange policy
foreign exchange policy
210
English
Arabic
exchange rate realignment

currency realignment
exchange rate targeting

exchange rate targeting strategy
exchange rate
rate of exchange
exchange rates within crawling bands
exchange reserves
foreign exchange reserves
exchange risk
exchange risk insurance

foreign exchange insurance
exchange insurance
exchange stability
211
Arabic

English
exchange valuation adjustment
exchange
foreign currency
foreign exchange
forex
exchange-traded fund
ETF
tracker
excise tax
excise
excluded holdings
][IMF
Executive Board
][IMF
Board
212
English
Arabic
executive compensation
Executive Director (Mr./Ms. ...)
[IMF-OED]
ED
Executive Director, Alternate
[IMF-OED]
executive remuneration
Executive Secretary
[IMF-IBRD, Development Committee]
executive session
exercise an option
213
English
Arabic

exercise price
[options]
striking price
strike price
contract price
exhaustible resource
exit agreement
exit bank
exit bond
exit instrument
exit consent
214
English
Arabic

exit rescheduling
[Paris Club]
exit strategy
[exchange rate pegging]
exogenous shock
Exogenous Shocks Facility

ESF
shocks facility
exogenous variable
expansionary impulse
expansionary policy
expected economic lifetime

expected economic life
215
English
Arabic

expected rate
expected utility
EU
expected value
[statistics]
EV
mathematical expectation
expenditure authorization
expenditure commitment
commitment
expenditure item
[GFS 1986]
expense item
[GFSM 2001]
Expenditure Policy Division

[FAD/EP]
216
English
Arabic

expenditure tax
[GFS 1986]
expenditure validation
validation
expenditure verification
verification
expenditure-switching policy
switching policy

""
expense
expenditure
explanatory variable
[economic models]
export capacity
export credit
217
English
Arabic
export credit agency
[Debt Guide, 1993; External Debt Statistics: Guide for Compilers and Users, 1993]
ECA
export duty
export tax
export earnings
export proceeds
export receipts
export performance
export processing zone

EPZ
industrial free trade zone

industrial free trade area
export promotion
218
English
Arabic
export retention scheme

foreign exchange retention scheme
foreign exchange retention
export shortfall
export surplus
exporting industry
export-led recovery
ex-post
[economics]
extended arrangement charge
[IMF]
Extended Arrangement
[IMF]
EA
219
English
Arabic
extended burden sharing

[IMF]
extension of burden sharing
Extended Credit Facility
ECF
Extended Fund Facility

[IMF]
EFF
Extended Facility
extension of Toronto terms
external account
[BPM5]
external asset (assets owned abroad by residents)
( )
foreign asset
External Audit Committee

[IMF]
220
English
Arabic
external audit mechanism, legal structure and independence of the central bank,
financial reporting practices, internal audit mechanism, and the system of internal
""

controls
[IMF, safeguards assessments]
ELRIC
external auditor
external claim
foreign claim
external contingency element

[CCFF]
contingency element
[CCFF]
external current account
external debt
foreign debt
221
Arabic

English
external disturbance
external financing
][SNA93
external imbalance
External Relations Department

][IMF
EXR
) (
external resource envelope
)External Review Committee (on World Bank-IMF Collaboration
external sector
foreign sector
external sustainability
222
English
Arabic
extrabudgetary account
extrabudgetary fund
EBF
Extractive Industries Review
EIR
ex-works price
EXW price
ex factory price
factory (gate) price
Facilities Chapeau paper
Facilities Management Division
[TGS/DF]
factor cost, at
factor endowment
223
Arabic

English
factor income share
factor share
factor income
][SNA93
factor payments
factoring
][finance
factor-price distortion
failed institution
fair market value

market value
sale value
fair market price
fair price
224
English
Arabic
fair trade
fair value
fairness and evenhandedness
family living expenses
farm gate price
FATF-Style Regional Bodies
[FSSA]
FSRBs
feasibility study
Federal Banking Agency
Federal charter (by)

federally chartered
225
English
Arabic

federal charter
[USA]
Federal Deposit Insurance Corporation
[USA]
FDIC
federal funds interest rate

federal funds rate
[USA]
Federal Home Loan Banks
[USA]
FHL Banks
FHLBanks
Federal Home Loan Mortgage Corporation
FHLMC
Freddie Mac
Federal Housing Finance Agency

FHFA
226
English
Arabic
Federal National Mortgage Association

[USA]

""
FNMA
Fannie Mae
Federal Reserve Bank
[USA]
Federal Reserve Open Market Committee

FOMC
Federal Open Market Committee

[USA]
Open Market Committee
Federal Reserve System

[USA]
Federal Reserve
Fed
fiat money
fiduciary money
fiat currency
central bank money
227
English
Arabic
field audit
on-site supervision
on-site inspection
file a tax return
filter based on contribution to global growth
final consumption
Finance & Development
""
[IMF]
F&D
finance company
finance house
[GBR]
Finance Department
[IMF; MFSM]
FIN
228
English
Arabic
financial accelerator
financial account
Financial Action Task Force on Money Laundering
FATF
Financial Action Task Force
Financial and Administrative Systems Division
[TGS/IF]
financial and regulatory arbitrage
financial bypass surgery
financial center
financial channels
financial crowding out
229
English
Arabic
financial deepening
deepening of the financial market
deepening of the capital market
Financial Derivatives: A Supplement to the Fifth Edition (1993) of the Balance of
( ) :
Payments Manual
financial economy
financial future
financial futures market

financial futures exchange
financial global warming
Financial Institutions Division I, II
()( )
[STA/F1, F2]
financial institutions sector

[GFS 1986]
230
English
Arabic
financial intelligence unit
[money laundering]
FIU
financial leasing
leasing
financial lease
finance lease
leasing arrangement
financial liabilities
financial loan
financial credit
Financial Market Review Group
financial market turbulence
financial turbulence
financial markets turmoil
financial openness
231
English
Arabic
Financial Operations and Reporting Division
[FIN/FR]
Financial Organization and Operations of the IMF
[IMF]
Financial Oversight Division
[ IMF-MCM ]
financial pooling arrangement

financial pooling
financial position
financial condition
financial reporting
financial repression
financial restriction
financial safety net
232
English
Arabic

financial sector
Financial Sector Analysis Division
[ IMF-MCM ]
FA
Financial Sector Assessment Program
[IMF-WB]
FSAP
financial sector consolidation
financial sector downsizing
Financial Sector Policy Division
[MCM/FP]
Financial Sector Reform and Strengthening Initiative

FIRST Initiative
FIRST
233
( )
English
Arabic
Financial Sector Review Group
[IMF]
Financial Sector Stability Assessment
[IMF-WB]
FSSA
financial shield
financial armor plating
loan package
shield package
""
""

blindaje
financial shock
financial soundness
financial soundness indicator

[FSIG]
FSI
234
English
Arabic
Financial Stability Board
FSB
Financial Stability Forum
[G-7]
FSF
Financial Stability Line
FSL
financial statement
financial stress
Financial Stress Index
financial survey
[IMF]
Financial System Stability Assessment

[IMF]
FSSA
235
English
Arabic
financial transactions plan

[IMF]
transactions plan
financial year of the Fund
financing assurances

[1997 -]
[IMF]
financial assurances
financing facility
credit facility
facility
[IMF]
financing gap
[BPM5]
financing package
financial package
236
English
Arabic
financing requirements
financing
[GFSY; GFSM; SNA93]
fine gold
fine tuning
fineness of gold
finished good
fire sale
fire sale liquidation
forced liquidation
fire-sale price
237
English
Arabic
first credit tranche conditionality
[IMF]
first credit tranche purchase
[IMF]
First Deputy Managing Director
[IMF-OMD]
FDMD
first in, first out

FIFO
first in, last out

[accounting]
FILO
first-order effect
first-round effect
238
English
Arabic
fiscal adjustment
fiscal consolidation
fiscal containment
fiscal retrenchment
fiscal tightening
budget consolidation
budgetary consolidation
Fiscal Affairs Department
[IMF]
FAD
fiscal agency
[IMF]
fiscal balance
budgetary balance
budget surplus/deficit
fiscal capacity
239

/

/

/
English
Arabic

fiscal deficit
fiscal discipline
fiscal restraint
fiscal dominance
fiscal drag
fiscal effort
tax effort
fiscal equilibrium
fiscal balance
fiscal federalism
240
English
Arabic

fiscal gap
fiscal illusion
fiscal impulse
fiscal stimulus
fiscal monopoly
revenue-producing monopoly
][EC
) () ()(
Fiscal Operations Division 1, 2, 3

][FAD/F1, F2, F3
FOD1, FOD2, FOD3
fiscal panel
][IMF-FAD
fiscal policy
241
Arabic

English
Fiscal Policy and Surveillance Division
][FAD/FP
fiscal position
fiscal revenue
fiscal skeleton
skeleton
fiscal space
fiscal stabilization
fiscal stance
fiscal stimulus package
242
English
Arabic

fiscal strategy
fiscal sustainability
fiscal tariff
][customs
revenue tariff
fiscal transparency
fiscal withdrawal
fiscal year
financial year
FY
fit a trend
][econometrics
243
English
Arabic
fit
[statistics]
fix or float
fixed capital consumption
consumption of fixed capital

CFC
fixed capital formation
[SNA93]
fixed cost
fixed effects OLS estimator
fixed exchange rate parity
fixed par value

fixed parity
fixed rate parity
fixed exchange rate regime
244
English
Arabic

fixed expenditure
fixed-weight price index
fixing
flash estimate
flat rate
flat-loading
][IMF
Flexible Credit Line

FCL
flight to quality
flight into quality
245
English
Arabic

float
[banking]
floating completion point
[HIPC Initiative]
floating currency
floating debt
[GFS 1986; SNA93]
( )
floating facility
[IMF]
flotation
flow
flow data
transactions data
246
English
Arabic

flow of funds table

[SNA93]
flow of funds
[SNA93]
flow rescheduling
[Debt Guide, 1993; External Debt Statistics: Guide for Compilers and Users, 1993;
HIPC Initiative]
flow variable
follow-up mission
[IMF]
Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations
( )
FAO
food crop
food security
247
English
Arabic
For Immediate Release
forbearance
loan forbearance
force majeure
forced saving
foreclosure
foreclosure mitigation efforts
foreign bond
foreign borrowing
foreign capital
248
English
Arabic
foreign direct investment
FDI
direct foreign investment
DFI
foreign exchange assets
[BPM5]
foreign exchange cost

exchange cost
foreign exchange dealer

foreign exchange trading officer
trading officer
foreign exchange trader
foreign exchange equalization fund

exchange stabilization fund
[GMBS]
currency stabilization fund
CSF
249
Arabic

English
foreign exchange exposure
][FSIG
currency exposure
foreign exchange market

exchange market
foreign exchange position
foreign exchange record

exchange record
foreign exchange speculation
foreign exchange taxes

exchange taxes
foreign liabilities
250
English
Arabic
foreign official sector
[BPM5]
foreign tax credit
foreign trade multiplier
foreign-held balances
foreign-owned corporation
forfaiting
[export credits]
forgone revenue
forgone income
forgone earnings
formal consultation
[IMF]
regular consultation
251
English
Arabic

formal ineligibility
[IMF]
formal sector
formal vote
formally convertible currency

[1997 -]
[IMF]
forty plus eight recommendations
40 and 8 Recommendations
FATF 408
FATF 408 recommendations
forward commitment capacity
[IMF, liquidity]
FCC
forward cover
cover
252
English
Arabic

forward discount
forward exchange transaction
forward looking expectations
forward market
forward operation
forward premium
premium
forward rate agreement

FRA
future rate agreement

[BIS]
forward shifting
253
English
Arabic
Fourth Pillar Consultations with the Fund on Reform of IMF Governance

Fourth Pillar Consultations with civil society on IMF Governance Reform
Fourth Pillar consultations
fragile state
framework agreement
Framework for Strong, Sustainable and Balanced Growth
[G-20]
franchising
free enterprise economy
free entry (into a market)
( )
free float
clean float
254
English
Arabic

free good
][economics
free market pricing
free reserves

" "
" "
free rider bank

][London Club
free rider
free trade
open trade
liberal trade
freedom of capital movements

free movement of capital
freely usable currency

][IMF
255
English
Arabic
frequency distribution
[statistics]
frequency
[data]
frictional unemployment
transitional unemployment
search unemployment
fringe benefits
employee benefits
front office
( )
Front Office
[IMF]
( )
front-end fee
256
English
Arabic
frontier technology
leading technology
leading edge technology

cutting edge technology

( )
front-loading
[IMF]
front-end loading
fuel exporters
fulfill an obligation
[IMF]
full asset settlement
full capacity level
full cost pass-through
full employment
257
English
Arabic
full employment balance
full employment budget surplus
full employment multiplier
full-fledged Poverty Reduction Strategy Paper
full-fledged PRSP
full PRSP
full-recourse loan
fully funded pension plan

[corporations]
funded pension plan
fully funded system

funded system
fully funded plan
[corporations]
functional and special services departments

[IMF]
258
English
Arabic
functional classification of expense
functional classification of expenditure
Fund liquidity
fund of funds
FOF
Fund Office in the United Nations
[IMF]
UN
Fund quota
IMF quota
membership quota
quota in the Fund
[IFS; SNA93]
quota
Fund staff
[IMF]
staff
259
English
Arabic
fundamentally misaligned
Fund-Bank mission
funded debt
long-term liability
non-current liability
long-term debt

/
/

funding gap
funding market
funding mismatch
funding of deferred charges
[IMF]
funding
[finance]
260
Arabic

English
Fund-related assets
Fund-supported program
futures contract
future
futures option
G8 Action Plan for Good Financial Governance in Africa
G8 Debt Cancellation Proposal

G8 Debt Proposal
G8 debt initiative
game theory
261
English
Arabic

gap financing
bridge financing
bridge loan
bridging credit
swing loan
swing line
gapping
Gatekeeper Initiative
][AML/CFT
GDP blend
GDP blend booster
geared managed fund

geared fund
geared unit trust
262
English
Arabic
General Administrative Order
[IMF]
GAO
General Agreement on Tariffs and Trade
( )
GATT
General Arrangements to Borrow
[IMF]
GAB
General Counsel
[IMF-LEG]
General Counsel, Assistant
[IMF-LEG]
General Counsel, Deputy

[IMF-LEG]
263
English
Arabic
General Data Dissemination Standard
[IMF]
GDDS
general standard
General Data Dissemination System
[IMF-EBB]
GDDS
General Department
[IMF]
general exchange arrangements
[IMF]
general government sector

general government
general increase in quotas

equiproportional increase in quotas
264
English
Arabic
General Resources Account
[IMF]
GRA
General Resources and SDR Policy Division
[FIN/GR]
( )
general resources
[IMF]
General Review of Quotas

[IMF]
five-year review of quotas

quinquennial review of quotas
[IMF]
general sales tax

GST
general SDR allocation

general allocation of SDRs
265
English
Arabic
General Services Division
[TGS/DG]
generalized method of moments difference estimator
GMM-difference estimator
Generalized System of Preferences
[WTO]
GSP
generally accepted accounting principles

GAAP
generally accepted auditing standards

GAAS
Generally Accepted Principles and Practices for Sovereign Wealth Funds
GAPP
Santiago principles
generation of savings
266
English
Arabic
generic data quality assessment framework

[IMF-GDDS]
generic assessment framework

generic framework
Geneva Office
[IMF-EUR]
EUO/GE
gift tax
Gini coefficient
Gini inequality index
coefficient of concentration
Gini index
gliding parity
sliding parity
Global Alliance for Vaccines and Immunization

GAVI
267
English
Arabic
global balance of payments
global bond
global commons
global consolidation
[MPI]
Global Corporate Governance Forum
[OECD; WB]
GCGF
global current account balance
Global Economy Model
[IMF]
GEM
Global Environment Facility Trust Fund

[IBRD-UNEP-UNDP]
268
English
Arabic
Global Environment Facility
[IBRD-UNEP-UNDP]
GEF
Global Financial Stability Division
[MCM/GS]
Global Financial Stability Report
[IMF-MCM]
GFSR
Global Fiscal Model
[IMF]
GFM
Global HIV/AIDS Unit
[IBRD]
global imbalance
Global Markets Monitoring and Analysis Division

[MCM/GA]
269
English
Arabic
Global Monitoring Report
[IMF/World Bank]
GMR
global need to supplement reserve assets
[IMF]
Global Partnership on Results-Based Aid
[IBRD]
global payments imbalance approach
" "
global public good

GPG
Global Stabilization Mechanism
GSM
global stewardship
[environment]
270
English
Arabic
global
world
[SNA93]
universal
globalization
going concern
going price
[BPM5]
gold bullion
gold coin
gold exchange standard

gold standard
gold parity
271
English
Arabic

gold pledge
][IMF-ESAF
gold subscription
][IMF
gold valuation
][GMBS
gold-backed
golden rule of accumulation

golden rule of capital accumulation
golden rule of growth
good governance
272
English
Arabic

goodness of fit
[statistics]
goods and services
[BPM5; BPM6; SNA93]
goods on consignment
[BPM5]
goods, services, and income
[BPM5]
goodwill
goodwill clause
governance of the Fund

IMF governance
[IMF]
273
English
Arabic
governance
[GEF]
government agency
government department
government bond
government borrowing
government expenditure
Government Finance Division
[STA/GO]
Government Finance Statistics Manual 2001

GFSM 2001
GFSM
274
English
Arabic
government finance statistics
[GFS 1986; GFSM]

GFS
Government National Mortgage Association

Ginnie Mae
government receipts
government revenue
government sector
government
government security

""
government paper
government-owned enterprise
government-sponsored enterprise
[USA]
GSE
government-sponsored entity
275
Arabic
][
English
]Governor of the Fund for [country
][IMF
Governor
][IMF; WB
Governor, Alternate
][IMF; WB
Governor, Temporary Alternate

][IMF
grace period
][FSIG
grade drift
grade creep
""
""

graduate
][IDA
276
English
Arabic

""
""
""

graduated tax
graduation
][World Bank
maturation
][USA Treasury
grandfathering
grant
grant element of a loan

grant element
][Debt Guide, 1993; External Debt Statistics: Guide for Compilers and Users, 1993
gift element
gray area measure

][trade
grey area measure
277
English
Arabic
gray market
Great Recession
Greater Arab Free Trade Area
GAFTA
green conditionality
green shoots
greenmail
Grievance Committee
[IMF]
gross accumulation
accumulation
gross domestic expenditure
278
English
Arabic
gross domestic product
GDP
gross fixed capital formation
[GFSY; IFS; SNA93]

GFCF
gross Fund position (of a member)
] [
[IMF]
gross national expenditure
[IFS]
GNE
gross national income
GNI
GNY
gross national product

GNP
279
English
Arabic
gross operating balance

[GFSM]
gross operating profit or loss
gross output
gross recording
[BPM5; BPM6]
gross reserve position

[IMF]
gross social product
[centrally planned economies]

GSP
( )
gross up
group lending
280
English
Arabic

Group of Seven
Group of 7
G-7
Group of Ten
Group of 10
G-10
Group of Twenty
Group of 20
G-20
Group of Twenty Finance Ministers and Central Bank Governors
G20 Developing Nations

G20
G21
G22
Group of Twenty-Four
G-24
growth accounting framework
281
English
Arabic

growth path
growth-oriented adjustment
guarantee
guaranteed loan
backed loan
Guide on Resource Revenue Transparency
guidelines for borrowing by the Fund
[IMF]
Guidelines for Fiscal Risk Disclosure and Management
[IMF]
Guidelines for Public Expenditure Management
Guidelines on Conditionality (2002)
282
English
Arabic
Guidelines on Corrective Action
[IMF]
GCA
Guidelines on Remedial Action
haircut
hard budget constraint

HBC
hard currency
hardening (of currency)
[1993-]
hardship
[IMF]
hardwiring
hawala/hundi alternative remittance system

hawala
283
English
Arabic
head tax
community charge
[GBR]
poll tax
headline inflation
overall inflation
headquarters
principal office of the Fund
HQ
headroom
heavily indebted country
heavily indebted poor country

HIPC
highly indebted poor country
284
English
Arabic

hedge clause
disclaimer
hedge currency
hedge fund
absolute return fund
hedge ratio
hedging
[forward market]
hedge
held-to-maturity Investment
285
English
Arabic
herd behavior
herd effect
bandwagon
bandwagon behavior
bandwagon effect
lemming-like behavior
hidden inflation
disguised inflation
hidden subsidy
concealed subsidy
hidden unemployment
disguised unemployment
high access contingent financing
286
English
Arabic
High Access Precautionary SBA
HAPA
High Access Precautionary Arrangement
High Access Precautionary Stand-by Arrangement
precautionary SBA
high frequency data

[statistics]
high technology industry
high-inflation country
High-Level Forum on Aid Effectiveness
High-Level Task Force on the Global Food Security Crisis
[UN]
highly leveraged institution

HLI
287
English
Arabic

historical cost
original cost
historic cost
historical trend
hoarding
[SNA93; goods]
holder of record
holder of SDRs
holding company
holding corporation
[SNA]
holdings below allocations
[SDR]
holdings rate
[IMF]
288
English
Arabic
hold-out creditor
[SDRM; bankruptcy]
holdout
dissident creditor
home bias
home country
home equity loan

equity loan
home equity credit
equity credit line
home production
household production
horizontal fund
host country
289
English
Arabic

hostile takeover
hot money
flight money
household saving
consumer saving
household sector
household
[BPM5; BPM6; GFSM; SNA93]
housing correction
housing cycle
Human Development Index

[UN]
HDI
290
English
Arabic
Human Resources Department
[IMF]
HRD
Human Resources Services Division
[HRD/SC]
HR Services
hybrid instrument
hybrid security
hyperinflation
hypothesis testing
significance testing
hysteresis effect
hysteresis
IASB
International Accounting Standards Board
[FSIG]
291
Arabic

English
IDA buy-down mechanism
][IBRD
""
IDA-only country
][IBRD
idle balances
idle money
barren money
idle resources
IDP
internally displaced persons
persons displaced within their own countries
illiquidity
292
English
Arabic

illiquidity risk
risk of illiquidity
illustrative quota
[IMF]
IMF Corporate Governance

corporate governance of the Fund
IMF governance reform
IMF Institute
[IMF]
INS
Institute
IMF No. 1 Account
1
1
[IMF]
IMF No. 2 Account
2
2
[IMF]
293
English
Arabic

IMF Survey
IMF Terminology Working Group
[IMF-TGS]
TWG
IMF-AMF Regional Training Program
[IMF-INS]
RTP
IMF-Singapore Regional Training Institute

[IMF-INS]
STI
IMF-supported or other monetary program
Immediate Office
[IMF]
.../AI
294
English
Arabic
immunity from judicial process
[IMF]
immunity from taxation
[IMF]
immunity of archives
[IMF]
immunity of assets
[IMF]
impaired asset
impaired
[bank supervision]
implicit cost
imputed cost
295
English
Arabic
implicit price deflator

GDP deflator
[GFSY]
import absorption
import bill
import capacity of exports

import coverage
cover rate
import capacity
importing power
import content (of domestic products)
( )

import duty
import tariff
tariff
entry duty
entry tax
296
English
Arabic
import penetration ratio
IPR
import price
import substitute
import substitution
import surcharge
import surtax
import-consumption ratio
ICR
imported inflation
imported unemployment
import-intensive
297
English
Arabic
impound appropriations
sequester appropriations
improved goodwill clause

[Paris Club]
imputed value
In the Name of God, the Compassionate, the Merciful
Bism elahi-rahmani rahim
in-bond industry
incidental costs or charges
incidental unemployment
income account
[accounting]
revenue and expense account
298
English
Arabic
income and outlay account
[GFS 1986; SNA93]
income bracket
income effect
income elasticity
income multiplier
income policy
incomes policy
income target
[IMF]
target income
income tax
income value
299
Arabic

English
income velocity of money
income-spending lag
income-split tax system

split system
income-tested assistance
incomings
incorporated enterprise
increase in quotas
][IMF
increasing marginal return
300
English
Arabic
incremental approach
[IMF quota calculations]
incremental capital-output ratio

ICOR
incremental devaluation
gradual devaluation
incremental labor-output ratio
incurrence of liabilities

/
/
indebtedness
Independent Evaluation Group

[World Bank]
IEG
301
English
Arabic
Independent Evaluation Office
[IMF]
IEO
EVO
independent floating
independent float arrangement
index arbitrage
index fund
indexation
index-linking
indexed
index-linked
index-tied
industrial classification
302
English
Arabic

industrial country
industrial estate
[GBR]
industrial park
[USA]
industry
ineligibility to use the Fund's resources, automatic
[IMF]
ineligibility
[AA, use of Fund resources]
inertial inflation
infant industry
inflation
303
English
Arabic
inflation accounting
inflation differential
differential in inflation rates
inflation gap
inflationary gap
inflation rate
inflation stickiness
inflation targeting framework

inflation targeting
IT
direct inflation targeting
inflation targeting strategy
inflation targeting regime
inflation tax
seigniorage
304
English
Arabic
inflationary expectations
inflationary finance
inflationary spiral
wage-price spiral
inflow of capital
capital inflow
informal meeting
[IMF Executive Board]
informal savings
informal sector
information cost
305
English
Arabic
information notice system

INS
system of information notices
Information Officer, Senior
[IMF-EXR]
Information Services Division
[TGS/DI]
Information Technology Services
[TGS/I]
IT Services
Infrastructure Division
[TGS/IR]
ingot
[gold]
306
English
Arabic

inheritance tax
death tax
initial margin
margin
initial public offering
IPO
initiative clause
[Paris Club]
Initiative for Coordination of European Banks

Vienna Initiative
input
[SNA93]
input-output table
IOT
input-output matrix
307
English
Arabic

in-service training
insider
insider dealing
insider trading
insider loan
insolvency
insolvency risk
risk of insolvency
installed capacity
plant capacity
installment loan
installment credit
308
English
Arabic
installment payment
installment
Institute of International Finance
IIF
institutional investor
Institutional Repository of Fund Documents
[IMF]
Institutional Table
institutionalization
[financial sector]
Instrument to Establish the Post-Conflict Emergency Assistance Subsidy Account for

PRGF-eligible Members
309
English
Arabic
Insurance Code of the Inter-African Conference on Insurance Markets
[WAEMU]
CIMA Code
Insurance of troubled assets
intangible assets
[BPM5; BPM6; GFS 1986; GFSM; SNA93]
Integrated Correspondence System
[IMF]
ICS
Integrated Framework Agency Working Group
IFWG
Integrated Framework for Trade-Related Technical Assistance to Least Developed

Countries
Integrated Framework
IF
310
English
Arabic
Integrated Framework Steering Committee
IFSC
intensified collaboration
intensified collaborative element
intensified collaborative approach

enhanced collaborative approach
intensified cooperative approach

[IMF]
intensified cooperative strategy
enhanced cooperative approach
enhanced cooperative strategy

strengthened cooperative strategy
strengthened cooperative strategy on overdue financial obligations
strengthened cooperative strategy on arrears
arrears strategy
Inter-African Conference on Insurance Markets
CIMA
Inter-Agency Group on Economic and Financial Statistics
311
Arabic

English
Inter-American Development Bank
IDB
IADB
interbank market
interbank offered rate

IBOR
interbank rate
Interdepartmental Low-Income Committee
Interdepartmental Task force on Food and Fuel Prices
interest differential
interest rate differential
interest due but not paid

][BPM5
312
English
Arabic
) (..
interest elasticity
interest mismatch
interest payable
) (
interest payment
interest rate anchor
interest rate cap

cap option
cap
interest rate capping agreements

interest rate guarantees
IRG
) (
interest rate channel of monetary policy

interest rate channel
313
English
Arabic
interest rate equalization tax

interest equalization tax
interest rate future
interest rate smoothing
interest recapture clause
interest receivable
[GMBS]
interest rescheduling
interest retiming
interest sensitivity
interest rate sensitivity
interest subsidy
314
English
Arabic
interest-bearing
interest-free loan
intergovernmental grants or transfers
Intergovernmental Group of Twenty-Four on International Monetary Affairs and
Development
Group of Twenty-Four
G-24
intergovernmental transaction
[GFS 1986]
intragovernmental transaction
[GFS 1986]
interim assistance
[IMF; PRGF]
interim disbursement
315
English
Arabic
interim Poverty Reduction Strategy Paper
[PRGF]
interim PRSP
I-PRSP
interim simplified consultation

[IMF]
interim consultation
intermediate consumption
intermediation
internal audit
internal auditor
internal rate of return

IRR
316
English
Arabic
internal ratings based approach

IRB
International Accounting Standards

[FSIG]
IAS
International Bank for Reconstruction and Development
[World Bank Group]

IBRD
international banking statistics
[IMF-STA; BPM5; FSIG]

IBS
international bond
International Capital Markets Department

[IMF]
ICM
317
English
Arabic
international capital markets
ICM
International Centre for Settlement of Investment Disputes
[World Bank Group]

ICSID
International Compilers Working Group on External Debt Statistics
[IMF, IBRD, OECD, BIS;Berne Union]
International Conference on National Poverty Reduction Strategies
International Conference on Poverty Reduction Strategies
International Development Association
[World Bank Group]

IDA
International Development Goals

[OECD]
IDGs
2015 targets
[Copenhagen Summit]
318
English
Arabic
International Energy Agency
IEA
International Finance Corporation
[World Bank Group]

IFC
International Finance Facility for Immunization
IFFm
International Finance Facility
IFF
International Financial Reporting Standards
[FSIG]
IFRS
International Financial Statistics Yearbook

[IMF]
IFS Yearbook
319
English
Arabic
International Financial Statistics
" "
[IMF]
IFS
International Financial Statistics
International Fund for Agricultural Development
[WFC]
IFAD
international investment net position

[BOP]
IIP
net external asset position
international investment position
[BPM5; Debt Guide, 1993; Balance of Payments Compilation Guide 1995; External
Debt Statistics: Guide for Compilers and Users, 1993; Debt Guide, 1993]
IIP
International Labour Office

[ILO]
ILO
320
English
Arabic
International Labour Organisation
ILO
international lending process
International Monetary and Financial Committee
[IMF]
IMFC
International Monetary Fund
IMF
International Organization of Securities Commissions
IOSCO
International Reconstruction Fund Facility for Iraq
IRFFI
International Reserves and Foreign Currency Liquidity: Guidelines for a Data Template
[IMF]
321
English
Arabic
international reserves
[BPM6; GFSM; IFS]
external reserves
International Standard Classification of all Goods and Services
[UN]
ICGS
International Standard Industrial Classification of all Economic Activities
[UN]
ISIC
international transaction reporting system
[BPM5]
ITRS
International Working Group of Sovereign Wealth Funds
IWG
interofficial transaction
322
English
Arabic

Interpreter, Chief
[IMF-TGS]
interrelated entries
[BPM5]
( )
intervention
intervention currency
currency of intervention
intervention point
[exchange rates]
divergence threshold
maximum fluctuation limit
intra-marginal intervention
coordinated intramarginal intervention
concerted intervention
joint intervention
intrusive conditionality
323
English
Arabic
inventory accumulation
inventory investment
inventory rundown
rundown on inventories
inverse yield curve
inverse term structure
Investment Account
[IMF]
IA
investment bank
[USA]
merchant bank
[GBR]
investment budget
324
English
Arabic
investment company
investment expenditure
investment spending
investment income
investment income-based proxy
international income-based proxy

IIP
Investment Office
[IMF-OMD]
INV
investment vehicle
investment
[economics]
investment-grade spreads
325
English
Arabic
invisible transaction
[BOP]
invitation to bid
[procurement]
ITB
invoice value
Islamic Development Bank
IsDB
IDB
isocost
isoquant
issue cost
issuance cost
( )
issuer
[BIS]
326
English
Arabic
issuer-pay business model

issuer-pay model
" "
" "
Issues Brief
[IMF-EXR]
Issues Paper
[World Bank]
Istanbul Congress Center
items in transit
[GMBS]
J-curve
job seeker
jobless recovery
327
English
Arabic
Joint Africa Institute
[IMF-INS, AfDB, IBRD]

JAI
Joint Bank-Fund Library
[IMF-TGS]
JL
Joint Bank Library
Joint China-IMF Training Program
[IMF-INS]
CTP
Joint External Debt Hub
joint Fund/World Bank AML Methodology Document

AML Methodology Document
Joint India-IMF Training Program

ITP
India Training Center
328
English
Arabic
Joint Ministerial Committee of the Boards of Governors of the Bank and the Fund on the
Transfer of Real Resources to Developing Countries
Joint Development Committee
Development Committee
Joint Oil Data Initiative
JODI
Joint Partnership for Africa
Joint Procedures Committee

JPC
Joint Regional Training Center for Latin America in Brazil

Brazil Training Center
[IMF-INS]
BTC
Joint Secretariat
329
English
Arabic
Joint Staff Assessment
[IMF-IBRD]
JSA
joint stock company
Joint United Nations Programme on HIV/AIDS
[UNAIDS]
UNAIDS
joint venture
joint enterprise
Joint Vienna Institute
[IMF-INS]
JVI
judgmental forecast
junk bond
kinked curve
330
English
Arabic
knock-on effects
know-how
labor
labor cost
labor force participation rate

labor participation rate
participation rate
labor force
workforce
economically active population
EAP
working population
labor hoarding
331
English
Arabic

labor income
[BPM5]
labor input
labor intensiveness
labor intensity
labor market
labor productivity
labour productivity
[SNA93]
productivity of labor
labor supply
labor-intensive
labor-output ratio
332
English
Arabic
lagged reserve accounting
LRA
lagged variable
lagging indicator
land
land development
[agriculture]
land improvement
land reclamation
land reform
agrarian reform
landed cost
landed price
landlocked country
333
English
Arabic
Language Services
[TGS/L]
LS
lapse of time decision

LOT
large taxpayer unit

LTU
last in, first out

[inventory accounting]
LIFO
last in, last out

LILO
late payment
[IMF]
334
English
Arabic
Latin American Economic System
SELA
layering
lead agency
lead manager
lead bank
lead underwriter
syndicate leader
leader market
leading indicator
forward-looking indicator
leading sector
335
English
Arabic
( )
leakage
[economics]
leaseback
leased goods
[BPM5]
least advanced countries

LACs
least developed countries

LDCs
least-squares estimate
LSE
legacy assets
legal and regulatory framework
336
English
Arabic

Legal Department
[IMF]
LEG
lender
lender of last resort

LOLR
LLR
lender of record
lending funds
loanable funds
lending into arrears policy
[IMF]
lending rate
loan rate
337
English
Arabic
less developed countries
LDCs
letter of appointment
[IMF]
Letter of Intent
[IMF]
LOI
letter of transmittal
cover letter
cover note
level playing field
level-based surcharge
[IMF]
level-based interest surcharge
leveling off
338
English
Arabic

leveraged buyout
LBO
leveraged takeover
leveraged loan
leveraged loan market
leveraged management buyout

LMBO
leveraged position
leveraged, highly
levy
][GFS 1986; SNA93
liability
339
English
Arabic
liability holdings
liabilities
liability insurance
liability operation
liberalization
liberalization of the capital account
[IMF]
capital account liberalization
Librarian, Chief
[IMF-TGS]
life annuity
life cycle hypothesis

life cycle theory
340
( )

English
Arabic

life expectancy
[BPM5]
lifetime income
likelihood function
limited recourse financing
line of credit
credit line
linear programming
linear regression line

linear regression
regression line
line of best fit
line of closest fit
trend line
341
English
Arabic

liquid asset
liquid asset requirement

LAR
liquid requirement
liquid liability
[IFS]
liquidation of the Fund
[IMF, Articles of Agreement]
liquidation
winding up
winding down
liquidity facility
liquidity loan
342
English
Arabic
liquidity management
[GFSM]
liquidity control
liquidity overhang
excess liquidity
monetary overhang
liquidity portfolio
liquid asset portfolio
liquidity position
[IMF]
liquidity preference
liquidity ratio
[IMF]
liquidity squeeze
liquidity crisis
343
English
Arabic
liquidity transformation
liquidity trap
money trap
liquidity/asset ratio
liquid assets to total assets

liquid asset ratio
listed security
quoted security
listing of securities
listing of the troubled assets purchased
loan
loan agreement
loan claim
344
English
Arabic

loan commitment
loan loss provision

[FSIG]
allowance for loan losses
loan loss provisioning
loan provisioning
loan loss reserve
loan mix
loan resources
loan swap
loan-loss recognition
loan-to-value ratio
LTV ratio
345
Arabic

English
local currency clause
][Paris Club
local government
][GFSM; SNA93
Lombard facility
""

Lombard rate
London interbank offered rate

LIBOR
long bank
long position
long-term interest rate

long-term rate
346
English
Arabic

long-term trend
loophole
loss from sale or exchange of certain preferred stock
low access PRGF arrangements
lower-middle-income country
" "
LMIC
low-income country under stress
LICUS
low-income country
LIC
low-inflation country
lump sum payment

lump sum
347
English
Arabic
lumpiness
macro fund
macro-critical issue
Macroeconomic Studies Division
[RES/MT]
macro-financial linkage
macrofinancial linkages
macroprudential indicator
MPI
macroprudential policy
macroprudential regulation
348
English
Arabic
( ..)
( ..)
mainstreaming
maintenance of value obligation
[IMF]
maintenance of value
[IMF]
major borrowers
major currency index
[Federal Reserve]
major industrial countries
majority action clause

[debt]
349
English
Arabic
majority ownership
[corporations]
majority interest
majority control
controlling interest
maladjustment
managed float
dirty float
managed floating with no predetermined path for the exchange rate
managed rate
managed trade
management fee
[securities]
350
English
Arabic
management letter
[IMF]
management of the troubled assets held
Management
[IMF]
managing director
[IBRD]
Managing Director
[IMF-OMD]
MD
Managing Director, Acting
[IMF-OMD]
Managing Director, Temporary Acting

[IMF-OMD]
351
English
Arabic
mandatory prepayment clause
[London Club]
mandatory repurchase
[IMF]
Manual on Fiscal Transparency (2007)
()
[IMF]
manufactured goods
manufactures
manufacturing industry
manufacturing sector
manufacturing
margin account
margin financing
352
English
Arabic

margin interest
margin requirement
marginal borrower
marginal cost pricing
marginal propensity to consume
marginal propensity to save
marginal rate of tax

[taxation]
marginal reserve requirement

MRR
marginal revenue product of capital

MRPK
353
English
Arabic

marked-to-model
market access overall trade restrictiveness index
MA-OTRI
market borrowers
market breadth
market capitalization
[enterprises]
market cap
MCAP
market economy
market-oriented economy
market failure
market financing
354
English
Arabic

market glut
market gold sales
market maker
market neutrality
market power
market price equivalent
market rate
market share
market sharing arrangement
355
English
Arabic

market size
market terms
commercial terms
hard terms
conventional terms
conventional market terms
market yield
market-based approach
market-based debt reduction
market-friendly policy
market-oriented policy
marketing board
marketing facilities
marketing channels
356
English
Arabic
market-related terms
[lending]
mark-to-market loss
mark-to-market
mark a position to market
mark to the market

MTM
markup
mark-up
[SNA93]
mature stabilizer
mature technology
mature
[finance]
357
English
Arabic

maturity date
maturity
maturity distribution
maturity breakdown
maturity profile
maturity structure
repayment profile
maturity mismatch
maturity gap
maturity period
[Paris Club]
maturity transformation
maximum access entitlement

[IMF]
358
Arabic

English
MDG Africa Steering Group
][UN
MDRI-I Trust
MDRI-II Trust
means of payment
means-tested assistance
Media Relations Division

][EXR/MR
median
][statistics
medium of exchange
359
English
Arabic
Medium Term Development Framework
MTDF
medium-term expenditure framework
MTEF
medium-term instrument
[IMF]
medium-term interest rate
medium-term rate
medium-term loan
medium-term strategy
MTS
member country
[IMF]
member
[IMF]
360
English
Arabic
membership resolution
[IMF]
membership
[IMF]
memorandum entry
memorandum item
memorandum of understanding
[IMF]
MOU
Memorandum on Economic and Financial Policies

[IMF]
MEFP
menu approach
[debt]
menu item
[debt]
361
English
Arabic

merit good
merit increase
metadata
[EBBS; BPM6]
Mexico/Latin Caribbean Division
[WHD/ML]
microprudential regulation
Middle East and Central Asia Department
[IMF]
MCD
Middle East and Central Asia Economic Outlook
Middle East Technical Assistance Center

[IMF]
METAC
362
English
Arabic

middle rate
midpoint rate
[BPM5]
middle-income country under stress
MICUS
mid-point
midpoint
midterm review
[IMF programs]
midyear review
[IMF]
migrants' remittances
[SNA93]
migrants' transfers
[BPM5]
363
Arabic

English
Millennium Development Goals
MDG
mineral rights
minimum acceptable bid

stop-out price
cut-off price
minimum living wage
mining
misalignment
misallocation of resources
misreporting
][IMF
364
English
Arabic

mission chief
[IMF]
mission head
head of mission
chief of mission
mode
[statistics]
Modern Portfolio Theory

MPT
portfolio theory
momentum trader
positive feedback trader
monetary aggregate anchor

Monetary and Capital Markets Department

MCM
365
English
Arabic
Monetary and Exchange Regimes Division
[MCM/ME]
Monetary and Financial Statistics Manual
MFSM
monetary asset
monetary control
monetary dominance
monetary economics
monetary flow
monetary gold
monetary management
366
English
Arabic

monetary policy
monetary policy framework
monetary survey
[IFS]
monetary tightening
tight monetary policy
tightening
monetary restraint
monetary stringency
tight money
tight money policy
monetization
monetization of government debt

monetization of the deficit
367
English
Arabic
monetization of the economy
money
money and banking statistics
[IMF]
money creation
money illusion
money income
nominal income
money market mutual fund

MMMF
money market fund
MMF
368
English
Arabic

money market
[FSIG]
money multiplier
money rate
[interest]
money supply
[SNA93]
supply of money
M
money stock
stock of money
money wage
nominal wage
monoline insurer
monopoly power
369
English
Arabic
moonlighting
moral hazard
moral suasion
suasion
jawboning
window guidance
WG
moratory interest
[Paris Club]
moratorium interest
mortgage
mortgage bank
mortgage credit institution
mortgage company
mortgage redemption
370
English
Arabic

mortgage servicer
mortgage servicing rights
MSR
mortgage-backed security
MBS
most favored nation clause
[Paris Club]
MFN clause
moving average
multicurrency loan
multicurrency peg
multicurrency pegging
multi-currency reserve system
371
English
Arabic
multilateral consultation on global imbalances
multilateral credit line
multilateral creditor
Multilateral Debt Relief Initiative
MDRI
multilateral development bank
MDB
Multilateral Exchange Rate Model
[IMF]
MERM
Multilateral Investment Guarantee Agency
[World Bank Group]

MIGA
multilateral surveillance
372
English
Arabic
multilateral system of payments
multilateral trade negotiations
MTN
multinational enterprise
transnational enterprise
multiple currency practice

multiple exchange rate practice
multiple exchange rate system

multiple rate system
multiple regression
multipurpose bank
multiservice bank
multiple bank
all-purpose bank
universal bank
373
English
Arabic
multiregion econometric model

[IMF]
" "
""
(" )"
MULTIMOD econometric model
multiyear debt rescheduling arrangement

[Paris Club]
MYRA
multiyear rescheduling arrangement
multiyear debt rescheduling agreement
multiyear debt rescheduling
multiyear rescheduling agreement
Mustapha Pasha loan

Pasha loan
mutual savings bank

MSB
naive forecasting model

naive model
naming and shaming
374
""
English
Arabic
narrowly defined money supply

narrow money
transaction money
Nash equilibrium
national accounting
national accounts
National Commission on Fiscal Responsibility and Reform

[USA]
Fiscal Responsibility and Reform Commission

Fiscal Commission
FC
national consolidation
[MPI]
National Development Plan
NDP
national estimates
375
English
Arabic
national income
national product
national wealth
national worth
natural person
individual
natural rate of unemployment

nonaccelerating inflation rate of unemployment
NAIRU
normal unemployment rate

full-employment unemployment rate
warranted unemployment rate
near-program
negative externality
external diseconomy
376
English
Arabic
negative pledge clause

[London Club]
covenant of equal coverage
negotiable security
marketable security
net asset value

NAV
net asset value per share
net borrowing
net capital formation
net cash basis
net cash income
net creditor country
377
English
Arabic
net creditor position

net credit position
[securities settlement systems]
net cumulative allocation
net debtor country
net debtor position
net domestic product
NDP
net earnings
[accounting]
net errors and omissions
net E&O
net factor income
378
English
Arabic
net interest income
[FSIG; MPI]
net international reserves
NIR
net lending
net material product
[centrally planned economies]

NMP
net national product
NNP
net official holdings
net operating balance
[GFSM 2001]
net operational income

[IMF]
379
English
Arabic

net position
[MPI]
net present value of debt
[HIPC Initiative]
NPV of debt
net present value of debt-to-fiscal revenue target

[HIPC Initiative]
NPV of debt-to-fiscal revenue target
net present value

NPV
net recording
[BPM5]
net reserves indicator
net SDR charges

[IMF]
380
English
Arabic

net taker of funds
net worth of an economy

net worth
net wealth position

net wealth
net worth
capital
net assets
owner equity
owners' equity
stockholder equity
equity
net yield
[securities]
network externalities
network effect
381
English
Arabic
New Arrangements to Borrow
[IMF]
NAB
new agreements to borrow
New Deal on Global Food Policy
New Deal for a Global Food Policy
new income model
new money
[London Club]
new credit
fresh money
New Partnership for Africa's Development
( )
NEPAD
new trade theory
382
English
Arabic
newly industrialized economy

[IMF]
NIE
newly industrializing country

[IMF, OECD]
NIC
News Brief
[IMF document series; NB/...]
NB
" "

ninja loan
NINJA
no income, no job, no asset
No-income no-job no-asset verification loan
Nomenclature for the Classification of Goods in Customs Tariffs

Customs Co-operation Council Nomenclature
CCCN
Brussels Tariff Nomenclature
BTN
Brussels Nomenclature
383
( )
( )

English
Arabic

nominal anchor
[exchange policy; monetary policy]
nominal effective exchange rate index
NEER index
nominal effective exchange rate
NEER
nominal GDP
money GDP
current-price GDP
GDP at current prices
nominal interest rate

stated interest rate
nominal interest
nominal value
money value
par value
face value
denomination
384
English
Arabic
nonacceleration clause
nonaccrual loan
nonaccruing loan
problem loan
nonaccrual asset
nonaccrual credit
nonaccrual status, country on
nonaccrual country
nonagency securitized mortgage
nonbank bank
near bank
nonbank financial institution

NBFI
nonbank financial corporation
nonbanks
385
English
Arabic
nonborrowed reserves
own reserves
owned reserves
noncapital goods
noncash economy
noncash issuance (of government securities)
noncompetitive bid
( )
[securities auctions]
noncomplying purchase
[IMF]
nonconcessionary flow
nonconcessional flow
non-conforming mortgage
386
English
Arabic

noncooperation
noncore bank
non-debt-generating flow
non-debt-creating flow
nondebt flow
nondurable good
nonearning asset
non-emerging market developing countries
nonequity financial flow
nonfactor inputs
nonfactor payments
nonfactor services
387
English
Arabic

nonfiler
[taxation]
nonfinancial corporate and quasi-corporate enterprise sector
[GFS 1986]
nonfinancial intangible assets
nonfinancial intangibles
nonfranc country
nonfuel exporters
nongold reserves
nongovernmental organization
NGO
nongovernmental sector
388
English
Arabic
noninstitutional financial sector

informal financial sector
non-interest-bearing
nonlabor cost
nonmarket activity
nonmarket economy
nonmonetary capital
nonmonetary financial institution
nonmonetary gold
[BPM5; BPM6; GMBS]
nonnegotiable security
nonmarketable security
389
English
Arabic
nonobservance
[IMF]
noncompliance
non-oil developing country
NODC
non-oil GDP
non-oil primary producing country
nonperformance
[contracts]
nonperforming loan
[BPM6; FSIG]
NPL
nonperforming asset
[FSIG]
nonperforming credit
390
English
Arabic
nonprofit institution
NPI
nonprofit organization
NPO
nonprofit body
nonprofit institutions serving households
NPISH
nonpublic sector
nonpublic utilities
nonrecurrent expenditure
nonrecurrent expense
nonrecurrent outlay
nonrecurrent revenue
nonrecurrent receipt
nonrecurrent income
391
English
Arabic
nonreserve capital
[BPM5]
nonreserve claim
nonreserve currencies
nonsalary earner
nontariff measure
nontariff
NTM
nontariff barrier
NTB
nontax revenue
[GFSY; GFSM]
nontradable goods
nontradables
392
English
Arabic

nontraded good
nonwage awards
nonwage income
nonwage labor costs
norm for remuneration

][IMF
normal distribution curve

bell curve
bell-shaped curve
Gaussian curve
normal probability curve
normal variable
normalize
][measurement
393
English
Arabic
normalized unit labor cost
North American Division
[WHD/NB]
North American Free Trade Agreement

NAFTA
Northeastern Division
[EUR/NE]
Northern Division
[EUR/NO]
not applicable
n.a.
not available
n.a.
394
English
Arabic
not elsewhere classified
[GFSM]
n.e.c.
not elsewhere specified
n.e.s.
not included elsewhere
n.i.e.
not separately recorded
n.s.r.
note issuance facility

NIF
note purchase facility
note purchase agreement
NPA
notes
395
English
Arabic
notice of failure to fulfill obligations
[IMF]
notification system
notional
notional bond
notional drawing right
[IMF]
notional institutional unit
notional unit
null hypothesis
null, the
obsolescence
396
English
Arabic

Occasional Paper
[IMF]
off-balance-sheet item
below-the-line item
off-balance-sheet account
off-budget transaction
off-budget activity
office audit
desk audit
documentary audit
off-site supervision
off-site inspection
Office of Budget and Planning
[IMF-OMD]
OBP
Office of Executive Directors

[IMF]
OED
397
English
Arabic
Office of Executive Secretary, Joint Development Committee
[IMF-OED]
DC
JDC
Office of Financial Stability
Office of Internal Audit and Inspection
[IMF-OMD]
OIA
Office of Technical Assistance Management
[IMF-OMD]
OTM
Office of the Deputy Managing Director
[IMF-OMD]
Office of the Managing Director

[IMF]
OMD
398
English
Arabic

Offices in Europe
[IMF]
EUO
official borrowers
official capital flows

official flows
official financial flows
official community
official creditor
official debt
official development assistance

[Debt Guide, 1993; OECD]
ODA
399
English
Arabic
official development bank
official holdings
official multilateral debt renegotiation
official sector
[BPM5]
official settlement balance
official traveler
[BPM5]
official value
[customs]
posted value
administrative value
standard value
officially guaranteed trade-related claims
400
English
Arabic
officially supported export credit
offsetting entry
[BPM5]
balancing entry
contra entry
offset
offshore bank
offshore deposit taker
offshore banking center
offshore financial center assessment report
OFC assessment report
offshore financial center

[BPM6; Debt Guide, 1993; BPM6 Annoted Outline; External Debt Statistics: Guide for
Compilers and Users, 1993]
OFC
401
( )

Arabic

English
offshore processing industry
offshore enterprise
offshore processing
offshore assembly
offshoring
off-track
oil bill
Oil Facility
][IMF; IFS
oil-exporting country
Ombudsman
][IMF
Ombudsperson
402
English
Arabic
on an annual basis
annualized basis, on an
full-year basis, on a
one-crop economy
single-crop economy
one-tailed test
[statistics]
one-sided test
single-tailed test
onlending cost
on-lending of borrowed funds

onlending
online access
online course
[IMF-INS]
403
Arabic

English
online information network
onshore bank
on-the-job training
OJT
on-track
open capital account

][IMF
) (

open inflation
open lending policy
open market operation
open market price
404
English
Arabic
Open Society Institute
OSI
open unemployment
open-end mutual fund

mutual fund
unit trust
[GBR]
open-end investment company
open-end investment trust
open-end investment fund
opening asset
opening liability
opening remarks
openness
operating account
405
English
Arabic
operating budget
operating costs
[MPI]
operational costs
[MPI]
operating income
[FSIG]
operational income
operating lease
operating leasing
operational lease
operational leasing
operational budget
[IMF]
operational risk
406
English
Arabic

operational staff
[IMF]
operations account
[franc zone]
Operations Division
[SEC/OP]
operations research
O.R.
OR
opportunity cost
[SNA93]
opt out
[SDR]
407
English
Arabic
optimal currency area
[EMS]
OCA
optimum currency area
[EMS]
optimum search strategy
option contract
option
option exchange
order instrument
order paper
orderly liberalization of capital movements
orderly marketing arrangement

OMA
orderly marketing agreement
408
English
Arabic
ordinary least squares
[statistics]
OLS
ordinary resources
[IMF]
Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development
OECD
Organization for Economic Cooperation and Development
[IMF]
Organization of American States
OAS
Organization of the Petroleum Exporting Countries
( )
OPEC
original maturity
initial maturity
409
English
Arabic

original member
[IMF]
originate and hold model
O&H
originate to distribute model

[USA]
originate and distribute model

originate and distribute strategy
originating lender
originator
other conventional fixed peg arrangements
other depository corporations
ODC
other holder of SDRs

[IMF]
410
English
Arabic

outflow of capital
capital outflow
outgoings
outlay(s)
out-of-lineness
[IMF]
output
outreach program
[IMF]
outreach seminar
outreach visit
outright gift
outright loan
411
English
Arabic

outsourcing
vendorization
contracting out
outstanding bonds
outstanding securities
[BPM5]
outstanding borrowing
outstanding claim
outstanding debt
outstanding drawings (on the Fund)
outstanding Fund credit

outstanding use of Fund credit
outstanding interest
412
( )
English
Arabic
outstanding liabilities
outstanding stock of liabilities
outstanding loans
outstanding obligation
outstanding public debt

outstanding government debt
outstanding purchases
[IMF]
outward direct investment
outward
outward investment
outward-looking policy
outward-oriented economy
outward-looking economy
413
Arabic

English
outward-oriented growth strategy
overall demand
overall fiscal balance

][GFSM 2001
overall balance
][GFSM; IFS
overdraft
overdraft checking account
overdraft credit
overdue country
][IMF
overdue financial obligation to the Fund

][IMF
overdue financial obligation
414
Arabic

English
overdue payment to the Fund
][IMF
overdue repurchase
overexposed bank
overexposure
overhead expenses
overhead
overhead costs
overheating
][economics
overindebtedness
overinvoicing
][BPM5
415
English
Arabic

overnight credit
overnight loan
overnight money
overnight funds
overnight interest rate swap

overnight index swap
OIS
overrepresented countries
over-resourcing the IMF
oversaving
oversee the international monetary system

][AA
overshooting
416
English
Arabic
oversight
oversubscription
oversupply
excess supply
overt devaluation
overt subsidy
over-the-counter financial derivative

OTC financial derivative
over-the-counter market
OTC
over-the-counter option
OTC option
417
English
Arabic
over-the-counter stock
own-account fixed capital formation
ownership
Pacific Division
[WHD/PA]
Pacific Economic Cooperation Council
PECC
Pacific Financial Community
CFP
paid-up capital
paid-in capital
paired accounts
418
English
Arabic
panel expert
[IMF-FAD, MAE]
panel
expert panel
paper currency
paper money
[BPM5]
paper loss
unrealized loss
book loss
paper
[finance]
par bond exchange

par exchange
419
English
Arabic
par value of currency

central parity
central parity rate
par value system
parallel contingency financing
parallel economy
parallel financing
side financing
parallel market
[SNA93]
parent bank
parent company
parent corporation
parent enterprise
420
English
Arabic

pari passu clause

[London Club]
Paris Club Secretariat
Paris Declaration on Aid Effectiveness
Paris Office
[IMF-EUR]
EUO/PA
parity
parity grid
grid of parities
grid
parsimonious conditionality
parsimony
principle of parsimony
partial interest forgiveness
421
English
Arabic
participant
[IMF, SDR Department]
participatory PRSP
[PRGF]
full participatory PRSP
partnership
pass on
[lending]
passbook savings account

passbook account
passenger services
[BPM5]
pass-through basis, borrowing on a
pass-through of international prices
422
English
Arabic
pass-through taxation
pass-through
shifting of tax
past due interest

PDI
pattern of trade
trade pattern
pay parity
pay-as-you-earn withholding
PAYE
pay-as-you-go system
PAYG
unfunded system
unfunded pension plan
[Balance of Payments Manual - 5th edition]
unfunded retirement scheme
423
English
Arabic

paying agency
paying agent
payment arrears
][IMF
arrears
payment in kind
payment leads and lags
payments restriction
payroll tax
payroll
][GFSM
peak
peg a currency to
424
English
Arabic
peg
[exchange rates]
pegged exchange rate
pegged exchange rates within horizontal bands
penalty charge
[arrears]
penalty clause
penalty interest rate

penalty interest
penalty rate
pending claim
outstanding claim
425
English
Arabic

pension plan
pension scheme
pensionable salary
pensionable wage
pent-up demand
per capita
per head
per night allowance
[IMF-HRD]
per diem
percentage change
percentage point
perfect capital mobility
426
English
Arabic
perfect foresight model
performance appraisal
performance evaluation
performance assessment
performance bond
performance budgeting system

performance budget
output budget
performance budgeting
performance criterion
[IMF]
PC
performance of financial obligations
427
English
Arabic
performance-related contract
performance contract
management contract
development contract
performing loan
performing debt
period of consent
[IMF quota increase]
periodic charges
[IMF]
periodic consultation
[IMF]
perpetual bond
nonredeemable bond
nonmaturing bond
annuity bond
consol
[GBR]
428
English
Arabic
perpetual inventory method

PIM
perpetual inventory system
Personal Assistant to the Managing Director
[IMF-OMD]
personal consumption expenditure

PCE
private consumption expenditure
personal effects
[BPM5]
personal property
personal exemption
[taxation]
personal allowance
personal income tax
429
English
Arabic

personal income
[macroeconomics]
personal property
[taxation]
personal savings
personal travel
[BOP]
Personnel Manager, Senior
[IMF]
SPM
perverse effect
phase out
phasing of purchases
[IMF]
phasing
430
English
Arabic

physical asset
real asset
tangible asset
pioneer industry
pipeline, in the
placement
[securities]
plain vanilla asset-backed security

vanilla ABS
vanilla asset-backed security
planning-programming-budgeting system
PPBS
program-based budgeting system

program budget
program budgeting
plant and equipment
431
English
Arabic
pledge
[HIPC]
pledged account
pledged asset
pledge
pledged gold
point of valuation
point-in-time rating
PIT
policies and practices of the IMF
policies and procedures of the Fund
policy buffer
432
English
Arabic
Policy Communication Division
[EXR/PO]
policy framework paper
[IMF-IBRD]
PFP
policy instrument
policy interest rate

policy rate
policy-related rate
policy mix
Policy Monitoring Arrangement
PMA
policy of restraint
433
English
Arabic
policy on enlarged access to the Fund's resources

[IMF]
enlarged access policy

[IMF]
EAP
policy package
policy statement
Policy Support Instrument
[IMF]
PSI
policy variable
policy-based lending
[IBRD]
policy loans
policymaker
434
English
Arabic

political economy
pooling arrangement
population pressure
demographic pressure
population pyramid
age pyramid
port services
][BPM5
portfolio assets
portfolio choice
portfolio choice theory
portfolio debt flow
435
Arabic

English
portfolio equity flow
portfolio flow
portfolio insurance
portfolio investment
portfolio shift
portfolio reshuffling
portfolio switching
] [
] [
position
position in the Fund

net Fund position
Fund position
positive feedback loop
436
English
Arabic
Post SCA-2 Administered Account
post-conflict country
Post-Conflict Reconstruction Fund
[IBRD]
PCRF
posted price
postpayment
[BPM5]
post-program monitoring
[IMF]
PPM
potential growth
potential output
[macroeconomics]
437
English
Arabic
Poverty and Social Impact Analysis

poverty and social impact assessment
PSIA
poverty line
poverty income threshold
poverty reducing expenditure

PRE
pro-poor spending
Poverty Reduction and Growth Facility
[IMF]
PRGF
Poverty Reduction and Growth Trust

PRGT
438
English
Arabic
Poverty Reduction Strategy Paper

[IMF-IBRD]
PRSP
National Poverty Reduction Strategy Paper
[GNB]
NPRSP
PPP GDP booster
precautionary balances
[IMF]
precautionary demand for money
precautionary instrument
precautionary motive
( )
predictive power
pre-emerging market country
439
English
Arabic

preference bond
preferential tariff arrangement
Preferential Trade Area for Eastern and Southern African States
PTA
preferred creditor
preferred share
preferred stock
preference share
[GBR]
preferred share/equity
pre-investment study
premium received
440
English
Arabic
premiums less claims
[BPM5]
prepayment
prepayment clause
[lending]
prepayment of debt
debt prepayment
prescribed operation
[SDR]
prescribed SDR holder
[IMF]
prescribed holder of SDRs
prescription of currency requirements

[IMF, AREAER]
prescription of currency
441
English
Arabic

Press Release
[IMF document series; PR/...]
PR
presumptive assessment
[taxation]
prevailing market rate

going rate
prevention
preventive action
preventive measure
previously rescheduled debt
[Debt Guide, 1993; Paris Club]

PRD
PRGF and HIPC Financing Division

[FIN/PH]
442
" " " "
Arabic
" "
English
PRGF arrangement
][IMF
" "
PRGF Operations Division

][SPR/GF
POD
" "

PRGF Trust Loan Account

Loan Account
" "
PRGF Trust loan

][IMF
" "

PRGF Trust Subsidy Account

Subsidy Account
" "
PRGF Trust
][IMF
" " " "
PRGF-ESF Trust
443
English
Arabic
" " ""
PRGF-HIPC Trust
][IMF
price control
price discrimination
discriminatory pricing
)(..
) (..
) (..
price elasticity
price expectation
price fixing agreement
price follower
price freeze
price incentive
444
English
Arabic

price index
price inflation
price leader
price maker
price setter
price premium
price range
price sensitivity
price taker
price-earnings ratio
PER
PE ratio
445
English
Arabic
price-sensitive information
price-sensitive data
pricing policy
price policy
pricing
price setting
price determination
primary exporting country
primary fiscal balance
primary balance
primary money
primary producing country
446
English
Arabic
primary product
primary commodity
commodity
primary reserve assets

primary reserves
[banking; USA]
prime borrower
prime rate
base lending rate

BLR
principal
Principal Global Indicators
principal reserve asset
447
English
Arabic
principal-agent problem
prior action
[IMF arrangements]
PA
prioritization of debt
ranking of claims
prisoner's dilemma
private equity
private label securitization market
private nonprofit institution

private nonprofit entity
private paper
448
English
Arabic

private placement
[securities]
private offering
private rate of return
PRR
private-label mortgage
private label security
private-label security
probability level
[statistics]
probability
procedural guidelines
[IMF Executive Board]
proceeds (from a sale)
449
( )
English
Arabic
procurement
procurement price
procyclical
procyclical bias
pro-cyclical regulatory response
producer price index
PPI
producer surplus
producer's price
producer price
producer's value
450
English
Arabic
product
product wage
production account
[BPM5; GFS 1986; SNA93]
production factor
factor of production
factor
input
production function
production incentive
production possibility frontier

PPF
production frontier
production possibility boundary
production possibility curve
transformation curve
451
English
Arabic
production sharing contract

PSC
productive base
productivity gain
profit
profit ratio
profit margin
margin
profit sharing
profit squeeze
profit taking
profit tax
452
English
Arabic
profitability
earning power
profits of fiscal monopolies
program adjuster
[IMF]
program country
[IMF]
program loan
program trading
[securities]
progress report
status report
progressive tax
453
English
Arabic
progressivity
[taxation]
prohibition of short-sale
prohibition of short sale
prolonged user of IMF resources
) (
[IMF]
promissory note
note
propensity to consume
propensity to save
property and assets of the Fund
[IMF]
property income
454
English
Arabic

property tax
tax on property
proposed amendment
[IMF]
prospect theory
protective tariff
protracted arrears (to the Fund)
( )
[IMF]
provident fund
[GMBS]
provision
[GBR]
accruals
[USA]
455
English
Arabic
provisional administration
[bank supervision; insolvency]
conservatorship
provisioning
[BPM5; Debt Guide, 1993; FSIG]
establishment of provisions
proxy variable
proxy value
proxy
PRSP approach
PRSP process
[PRGF]
PRSP Preparation Status Report
[IMF-IBRD]
PRSP Progress Report

Annual PRSP Progress Report
[IMF, World Bank-IDA]
APR
456
English
Arabic
prudential
prudential ratios
[bank supervision]
prudential regulation
prudential standards
Public Affairs Division
[EXR/PU]
Public Affairs Officer
[IMF-EXR]
Public Affairs Officer, Senior
[IMF-EXR]
public auction
public authorities
457
English
Arabic
public capital formation
public debt
[Debt Guide, 1993; SNA93]
public enterprise
public corporation
state enterprise
state-owned enterprise
SOE
state-owned corporation
government enterprise
government corporation
public financial institution
[GFS 1986]
PFI
Public Financial Management Division, I, II

[FAD/M1, M2]
M1, M2
458
()( )
English
Arabic
public financial management
PFM
Public Information Notice
[IMF-EXR]
PIN
public nonmonetary enterprise
[GFS 1986]
public offering
[securities]
public placement
public or publicly guaranteed debt
government or government-guaranteed debt
public sale
public sector borrowing requirement(s)

PSBR
459
English
Arabic
public utility
public service corporation
utility
Publication Services Section
[EXR/EP/PS]
publicly issued
publicly traded share
public-private partnership
PPP
( )
PPIP
puncture asset bubbles
punitive measure
purchaser's price
460
English
Arabic

purchasers' value
purchasing power parity exchange rate
PPP exchange rate
purchasing power parity
PPP
pure economic rent
pure signaling instrument
put option clause

put option
put
put option
put
qualified countries
461
English
Arabic
qualified majority voting
QMV
qualifying member
quantification
[SNA93]
quantity sensitivity
quantity theory of money
quantum index
Quarterly External Debt Statistics database

QEDS
Quarterly External Debt Database
[IMF]
462
English
Arabic
Quarterly National Accounts Manual--Concepts, Data Sources, and Compilation
[IMF]
Quarterly National Accounts Manual
QNA Manual
quarter-on-quarter growth rate
quasi-corporate enterprise
quasi-corporation
quasi-money instrument
near cash instrument
quasi-money
near-money
quick asset
quick-disbursing short-term liquidity facility
quick-yielding project
463
English
Arabic
quiet facility
" "

quiet facility
quota
quota and voice
quota formula
quota limit
[IMF; ESAF]
quota review
[IMF]
review of quotas
464
English
Arabic

quota share
[IMF]
actual quota share
share in actual quotas
share in total quotas
quota-based institution
quoted price
[BPM5]
rampant inflation
runaway inflation
galloping inflation
[SNA93]
random variable
randomness
range
465
English
Arabic

ranking
Rapid Access Line
RAL
Rapid Credit Facility
RCF
" "

ratchet effect
rate of charge
[IMF; SDR use]
rate of crawl
rate of return
rate setting policy

pricing policy
466
English
Arabic

rate tiering
tiering
rates
[GBR]
rating shopping
credit rating shopping
rating
[securities]
rational expectations
[SNA93]
raw data
crude data
real balances effect

Pigou effect
467
English
Arabic
real effective exchange rate index
REER index
real estate tax
real flow
real interest rate
Real Sector Division
[STA/RE]
real terms of trade
real terms
in real terms
constant terms
real wage
468
English
Arabic

realized price
price realized
rebalancing of portfolio
[IMF, P45]
portfolio rebalancing
recapitalization
[banks]
recapture clause
receiver
[bank supervision; insolvency]
receivership
469
English
Arabic
reciprocal currency arrangement

cross-currency swap
foreign currency swap

swap arrangement
currency swap arrangement
swap
reciprocal exchange guarantee
reconciliation account
reconciliation table
reconciliation
reconcilement
conciliation
record-keeping system
recording system
[BPM5]
470
English
Arabic
recovery
[loans]
Recruitment and Staffing Division
[HRD/RS]
RSD
recurrent budget
recurrent expenditure
recurrent expense
recurrent outlay
recurrent revenue
recurrent receipts
recurrent income
recycling
[finance]
redemption (of a pledge)
471
English
Arabic
redemption
retirement
redemption, right of
rediscount ceiling
[central banking]
rediscount quota
rediscount rate
redistributional transfer payments
reduced-form equation
reference currency
reference rate
[MPI]
reference zone (of rates)
472
English
Arabic

refinancing risk
refinancing
][Debt Guide, 1993; SNA93
reflation
reflow
][SNA93
reflows of flight capital

return of flight capital
repatriation of flight capital
reflows, use of Trust Fund

][IMF
refund of charges
][IMF
473
English
Arabic
refunding
[repayment]
region of acceptance
[statistics]
region of rejection
[statistics]
Regional Advisory Group
regional balance of payments statement
[BPM5]
Regional Economic Outlook
[IMF]
REO
Regional Office for Asia and the Pacific

[IMF]
OAP
474
English
Arabic
Regional Office for Central Europe and the Baltics
[IMF]
regional reserve pooling
regional technical assistance center
[IMF]
RTAC
( )
registered check
register check
registered instrument
registered security
regression equation
regression of Y on X
Y X
regressive tax
475
English
Arabic
regressivity
[taxation]
regular election
[IMF, Executive Directors]
regular meeting
Regulation and Supervision Division
[MCM/FR]
regulatory agency
regulatory capital requirements
regulatory capture
regulatory forbearance
476
/ /
English
Arabic

regulatory power
rehabilitation
rehabilitation program
[enterprises]
reinvested earnings
[BPM5; BPM6]
relative share
relending
remedial measure
corrective action
corrective measure
remedial action
477
English
Arabic
remit-independence-accountability framework
RIA framework
remittance of funds
remittance recipient
remitted earnings
[BPM5]
remunerated reserve tranche position
[IMF]
remuneration
[IMF]
remuneration, rate of
[IMF]
478
English
Arabic
renewable
replenishable
reproducible
rental income
rent-seeking
repayment capacity
repayment period
[Paris Club; Debt Guide, 1993]
repayment schedule
repayment
[GFSM; SNA93]
replenish the Fund's holdings of currencies

[IMF-AA]
479
English
Arabic
replenishment of Fund resources
[IMF]
replenishment of reserves
report of the Executive Board
[IMF]
Report on the Observance of Standards and Codes
[IMF]
ROSC
reporting agency
[IMF-STA]
reporting country
reporting period
[BPM5]
480
English
Arabic
representation of balance of payments financing need

[IMF]
representation of need
declaration of BOP-related need
declaration of need
representative rate
[IMF; exchange]
representative set of currencies

[IMF]
Representative to the WTO
[IMF-EUO]
repricing of risk
repricing period
481
English
Arabic
repurchase agreement
repo
RP
repurchase operation
repurchase transaction
repurchase market
repo market
request for proposal
[procurement]
RFP
required reserve ratio

minimum reserve ratio
reserve requirement
reserve ratio
legal reserve ratio
requirement of need
[IMF; SDR]
requited current transfer
482
English
Arabic

requited payment
[GFS 1986]
rescheduling country
rescheduler
research and development
R&D
Research Department
[IMF]
RES
reservation price
reservation price (of labor)

reservation wage
reserve asset
483
English
Arabic
Reserve Augmentation Line
[IMF]
RAL
reserve creation
[BPM5]
reserve currency
reserve ease
reserve cushion
reserve inadequacy
reserve deficiency
inadequacy of reserves
reserve pooling arrangement
reserve position
[country]
484
English
Arabic
reserve requirement
[SNA93]
minimum reserve requirement

required reserves
reserve stringency
reserve target
[IMF]
reserve tranche position

[IMF]
reserve tranche purchase
[IMF]
reserve
[SNA93]
reserve-related official borrowing
reserve-related transaction
485
English
Arabic
residence of enterprises
residence of individuals
[BPM5]
resident official sector
[BPM5]
Resident Representative
[IMF]
Res. Rep.
Resident Representative, Senior
[IMF]
residential construction
residential demand
resident-to-resident transaction
[BOP]
486
English
Arabic
residual item
[BPM5]
residual maturity
remaining maturity
[Debt Guide, 1993; FSIG]
residual method
resilience
[FSIG]
Resolving Crisis, Building Recovery
resource allocation
allocation of resources
resource gap
487
English
Arabic
Resource Management Division
[MCM/RM]
resource rich countries
respondent
( )
[IMF-STA; surveys]
responsive
rest of the world account

[BPM5; BPM5; SNA]
ROW Account
rest of the world sector
[BPM5, SNA 1993, GFSM 2001]
restocking
restricted deposit
[GMBS]
488
English
Arabic
restrictive business practices
results-based aid
[IBRD]
retail bank
retail price index

RPI
retained earnings
[BPM6; FSIG]
undistributed earnings
[BPM5]
undistributed profits
retained gains
retaliatory measure
retirement of outstanding debt
489
English
Arabic
)(
) (
retrenchment
retrenchment from risk
return on investment
ROI
return on capital employed
return on capital invested
returned exports and imports

][BPM5
returns to scale
revaluation
revaluation changes
490
English
Arabic
Revenue Administration Division I, II
() ( )
[FAD/R1, R2]
RAD1
RAD2
revenue collection
revenue sharing
tax revenue sharing
tax sharing arrangement
revenue shortfall
revenue stamp
tax stamp
reversal of a loan
[IMF]
reverse auction
491
English
Arabic
reverse mortgage
reverse annuity mortgage
RAM
reverse repurchase operation

reverse operation
reverse transaction
[BPM6]
matched sale-purchase agreement
[USA]
MSP
reverse repo
[BPM6]
reverse stand-by arrangement
review mission (Fund)
( )
review
[IMF]
reviews-based approach
492
English
Arabic

revised downward
revised upward
revolving character of resources
[IMF]
revolving credit facility

revolving credit
revolving underwriting facility

RUF
[BPM5; Debt Guide, 1993; Balance of Payments Manual - 5th edition; External Debt
Statistics: Guide for Compilers and Users, 1993]
ride the storm
right to terminate participation

[IMF]
493
English
Arabic

right to withdraw
[IMF]
rights accumulation program
[Debt Guide, 1993]

RAP
rights approach
[IMF]
rights approach
[IMF]
rightward tilt
)(
)(
ring system
[indirect taxation]
ringfence
ringfencing
ring-fenced country
494
English
Arabic

risk appetite index

RAI
risk appetite
appetite for risk
risk asset
risk aversion
risk avoider
risk exposure
exposure
risk management
risk management process
risk mutualization
495
English
Arabic
risk premium on interest rates

risk premium
risk retention policy
retention policy
risk taker
River Plate Division
[WHD/RL]
RMBS
residential mortgage-backed security
robustness
rogue state
rogue nation
renegade government
rollback commitment
[WTO]
496
English
Arabic
( )
rollover
( )
rollover credit
rollover risk
rule of law
rules and practices of the Fund

[IMF]
( )

standard practices (of the Fund)
Rules and Regulations
[IMF]
rules for designation
[SDR]
rules for reconstitution

[SDR]
497
English
Arabic
rules for repurchase
[IMF]
run on a currency
safeguard measure
[SNA93]
safeguard clause
safeguard
[SNA93]
safeguards assessment
Safeguards Assessments Division
[FIN/SA]
safeguards on the use of Fund resources
safeguards
salary
498
English
Arabic

salary scale
[general]
salary schedule
wage scale
wage schedule
pay scale
pay schedule
pay table
sales tax
[GFS 1986; GFSM]
sample
sample survey
[BPM5]
sampling
[BPM5]
satellite currency
499
English
Arabic

saturated market
filled market
Saudi Arabian Monetary Agency
SAMA
saving
saving rate
saving(s) ratio
savings account
savings and loan association
S&L
savings bank
[BPM5]
savings bond
500
English
Arabic
savings glut
scale effect
scale factor
scaling factor
scale variable
scaling-up of aid
scarce currency
scarcity rent
hotelling rent
HR
scatter diagram
scenario
501
English
Arabic
schedular tax
schedule of charges
schedule of repurchases
scheduled repurchase
[IMF]
SDR as unit of account
SDR qua unit of account
SDR assessment
assessment
SDR Department
SDR holdings account
SDR account
SDR interest rate
502
English
Arabic
SDR interest rate basket

SDR basket
SDR interest
[IMF]
SDR loan facility

same-day loan facility
[review of quotas]
SDR loan arrangement
same-day, no cost SDR loan
SDR same-day facility
same-day borrowing/repayment of SDRs
same-day loan and repayment in SDRs
SDR Facility
SDR valuation basket

SDR basket
SDR-denominated
503
English
Arabic

seasonal credit
crop credit
seasonal labor force

seasonal labor
seasonal workers
migrant labor
migrants
seasonal unemployment
seasonally adjusted annual rate

SAAR
seasonally adjusted
[IFS]
secondary market
second-best theory
504
English
Arabic
secondment
[personnel]
second-round price effect
Secretary (of the Fund)
[IMF-SEC]
Secretary for Conferences, Assistant
[IMF-SEC; BFCO]
Secretary, Assistant
[IMF-SEC]
Secretary, Deputy
[IMF-SEC]
Secretary-General
[UN]
505
English
Arabic
Secretary's Department
[IMF]
SEC
Section Chief
[IMF]
sector
[BPM5; SNA93]
sectorization
sectorize
secular trend
secured note
[USA]
Securities Account
[IMF]
506
English
Arabic
Securities and Exchange Commission
[USA]
SEC
securities exchange
stock exchange
stock market
securities index future
stock index future

share price index future
index future
Securities Markets Program
SMP
securitization
[BPM5; BPM6; MFSM]
Security Services Division

[TGS/SE]
507
( )

English
Arabic

security
[finance]
seed capital
[SNA93]
start-up capital
initial capital
seigniorage
[GFS 1986; IFS]
( )/
seized up
Selected Decisions of the International Monetary Fund and Selected Documents
[IMF]
Selected Issues papers
SI
selective excises on goods
508

[1989 - ]
English
Arabic
selective increase in quotas
self-consumption
self-employed
[GFSM; SNA93]
independent labor force
self-financing
self-fulfilling run
self-liquidating
[projects]
self-sufficiency
[in general]
self-reliance
self-sustained PRGF
509
English
Arabic

self-sustaining
self-sustained
sell short
shorting
sellers' market
selling exchange rate

selling rate
seller's rate
offer rate
semidurable good
semifinished good
semimanufacture
unfinished good
510
English
Arabic
semipublic enterprise
parapublic enterprise
mixed enterprise
semiskilled labor
semiskilled manpower
semiskilled worker
senior auditor
senior creditor
senior debt instrument
senior debt
senior loan
senior executive officer
511
English
Arabic

senior official
high official
senior officer
[IMF]
senior preferred stock

first preferred stock
senior staff
[IMF]
sensitivity analysis
sequestration
[budget; FSU]
serial bond issue
serial correlation test

SCT
512
English
Arabic
serial multiyear rescheduling arrangement
serial MYRA
serial multiyear rescheduling agreement
service charge
[BPM5]
service fee
service economy
tertiary economy
service provider
services on merchandise
set off against each other
[obligations]
set-aside account
set-aside amount
set-aside(s)
513
English
Arabic
settlement currency
settlement of accounts
settlement of commitments
settlement of currency valuation adjustment
settlement of disagreements
[IMF]
settlement of disputes
settlement of financial obligations
settlement risk
severance pay
severance package
layoff pay
severance payments
514
English
Arabic

severance tax
[GFS 1986]
shadow economy
gray economy
underground economy
[SNA93]
shadow exchange rate

accounting exchange rate
shadow price
shadow program
shallow financial market
share capital
capital stock
( )
sharing clause
515
English
Arabic

shell company
dormant company
front company
shift in the adequacy of global reserves
shift in the demand curve

shift in demand
demand shift
shifting of tax burden
[tax policy]
shifting of tax
shipment
[BPM5]
shocks window
short bank
516
English
Arabic

short position

) (
short selling
short sale
[securities]
short squeeze
shortfall
short-term asset
short-term capital
[BOP]
short-term interest rate
short-term rate
Short-Term Liquidity Facility

SLF
517
English
Arabic
short-term liquidity line
SLL
short-term paper
shuttle trade
side effects
side letter
signaling
signaling instrument
signature loan
unsecured loan
personal loan
character loan
518
English
Arabic

significance level
[statistics]
simple interest rate
simplifying assumption
/
/
simulation model
Singapore interbank offered rate
( )
SIBOR
single-currency pegging
single peg
single-currency link
unicurrency peg
unicurrency pegging
single-factor terms of trade
single-purpose expenditure rule
519
English
Arabic

single-stage tax
sinking fund
][GFS 1986
size of the Fund
skilled labor
skilled manpower
skilled worker
slack
][economics
/
/
/
slippage
][policy
520
English
Arabic
small and medium-sized enterprises

SMEs
small and medium-size enterprises

small and medium-scale enterprises
small and medium-sized industries
SMIs
small ingot
small island economy
small low-income economies
Smoot-Hawley Tariff Act of 1930
Tariff Act of 1930
smoothing
smurfing
structuring
social conditionality
521
English
Arabic

social cost
social infrastructure
social overhead capital
overhead capital
social protection floor
SPF
social rate of return
SRR
social safety net

safety net
[GFSM]
social security system
social security scheme
social surplus
net social benefit of production
522
English
Arabic

social welfare
welfare
soft budget constraint
SBC
soft currency
soft loan
soft patch
sole source procurement

single source procurement
noncompetitive procurement
South/Central American I, II Division
()( ) /
[WHD/S1, S2]
Southern African Development Community

SADC
523
English
Arabic
Southern Common Market
( )
MERCOSUR
Southern I, II Division
()( )
[EUR/S1, S2]
sovereign arrears
Sovereign Asset and Liability Management Division
[MCM/AL]
sovereign ceiling clause
sovereign credit
sovereign debt
sovereign debt restructuring mechanism

Sovereign Debt Resolution Mechanism
SDRM
524
English
Arabic

sovereign default
sovereign rating
[debt]
sovereign risk
political risk
sovereign wealth fund

SWF
""
" "
spaghetti bowl
Special Advisor to the Managing Director
[IMF-OMD]
Special Assistant to the Deputy Managing Director
[IMF-OMB]
special charges
[IMF]
additional charges
525
English
Arabic
Special Contingent Account 1

First Special Contingent Account
()

SCA-1
Special Contingent Account 2

SCA-2
()

Second Special Contingent Account
Special Contingent Account
[BPM5]
Special Data Dissemination Standard

[IMF-EBB]
SDDS
special standard
more demanding standard
Special Disbursement Account

SDA
526
English
Arabic
special drawing rights

[BPM5]

""
SDR
paper gold
[SDR]
special drawing right
special election
[IMF, Executive Directors]
Special Facility for Sub-Saharan Africa

[IBRD]
SFSA
Special Facility for Africa
SFA
Africa Facility
special facility
[IMF]
special majority
qualified majority
supermajority
527
English
Arabic

special meeting
special one-time allocation of SDRs

[IMF]
one-time special SDR allocation

equity allocation of SDRs
special SDR allocation
special allocation of SDRs
Special Program of Assistance (for the Low-Income Debt-Distressed Countries in Sub-
( )
Saharan Africa)
[IBRD]
SPA
Special Program of Assistance (to Sub-Saharan Africa)
special purpose vehicle

SPV
special purpose entity
Special Representative to the EU

[IMF-EUO]
528
English
Arabic
Special Trade Representative/Director
[IMF-GEN]
specialized agency
[UN]
speculative motive
speculation motive
( )
spillover effect
spillover
spinoff effect
spillovers
spin-off
[enterprises]
split pricing
differential pricing
529
English
Arabic

spot market
cash market
spot price
spot quotation
spot rate
cash price
spot transaction
spot exchange transaction
spouse and child allowance
[IMF-HRD]
SCA
spread effect
spread over LIBOR
spread
[SNA93]
530
English
Arabic

spreading of risks
risk spreading
risk diversification
spreadsheet
spurious correlation
Stability and Growth Pact
SGP

[1993-]
stabilization fund
[IMF, GMBS]
stabilization measure
Stabilization System for Export Earnings
[Lom Convention]
STABEX
stable but adjustable par values
531
English
Arabic
Staff Development Division
[HRD/SD]
staff development
[personnel]
staff estimates
[IMF]
staff member
[IMF]
staff mission
[IMF]
Staff Position Note

Staff Position Paper
staff projections
[IMF]
532
English
Arabic
staff report for the Article IV consultations
article IV report
Staff Retirement Plan
[IMF]
SRP
staff-monitored program
SMP
Fund-monitored program
stage one
[IMF, safeguards assessment]
stage two
[IMF, safeguards assessment]
stagflation
stagnation
533
English
Arabic
stakeholder
stamp tax
standard component
standard data report form
SDRF
standardized data report form
standard report form
SRF
standard deviation
Standard International Trade Classification
[UN]
SITC
standard of value
534
English
Arabic

standardization
Standards and Codes Initiative
Stand-By Arrangement
[IMF]
SBA
stand-by charge
[IMF]
Standby Credit Facility
SCF
stand-by credit
stand-by loan
Stand-By Operations Division

[SPR/ST]
SBO
535
English
Arabic
standing committee
standstill agreement
standstill
standstill on payments
standstill agreement
staple crop
start-up cost
statement of account
[banking]
account statement
statement of income and expenses

statement of income
income statement
profit and loss statement
income and expense statement
536
English
Arabic
Statement of Surveillance Priorities
statistical correspondent
[IMF-STA]
correspondent on statistical matters
Statistical Data and Metadata Exchange initiative
SDMX initiative
Statistical Data and Metadata Exchange
SDMX
statistical data source
[MPI]
statistical discrepancy
[statistics]
statistical inference
537
English
Arabic
Statistics Department
[IMF]
STA
status of the Fund
status, immunities, and privileges
[AA]
statutory ceiling
statutory power
statutory reserve
[banking; insurance]
legal reserve
( )
( )
stay of payments
stay on creditor litigation
538
English
Arabic

steady state
steady-state growth
steering committee
step depreciation
discrete depreciation
one-off depreciation
discrete step depreciation
sterilize
[funds]
sterilized intervention
[central banking]
stickiness
downward rigidity
539
( )

English
Arabic
stigma
stock cycle
inventory cycle
stock data
position data
stock dividend
[USA]
scrip issue
[GBR]
stock index option contract
stock option plan
stock split
[securities]
split
split-up
540
English
Arabic

stock variable
stock
[SNA93]
stockbuilding
stock-of-debt operation
[Paris Club; HIPC Initiative; Debt Guide, 1993]
debt stock agreement
stockpiling
stocks and flows
stopgap measure
palliative measure
541
English
Arabic

)stop-go (policy
stop and go
stop-loss rules
store of value
straight bond
straight debt
Strategic Directions
Strategic Issues Division

][RES/SI
Strategic Partnership with Africa

][IBRD
SPA
542
English
Arabic
Strategy, Policy, and Review Department
[IMF]
SPR
streamlining of conditionality
strengthened debt strategy
[IMF]
stress test
stress testing
[FSAP]
strike
stripped bond
stripped security
structural adjustment credit

[IBRD]
SAC
543
English
Arabic
Structural Adjustment Lending
[IBRD]
SAL
structural benchmark
SB
structural conditionality
structural equation
[econometrics]
structural performance criterion
structural PC
structural reform
structural rigidity
structural inflexibility
structural unemployment
544
Arabic

""t

English
structured investment vehicle
SIV
student loan market
Student's t-statistic
][statistics
t-statistic
t-ratio
study on mark-to-market accounting
stunted growth
) (
stylized fact
subcontract
submission of bids
545
English
Arabic

subordinated debt
junior debt
subordinated loan
subprime mortgage crisis
subprime mortgage market

nonprime mortgage market
subprime mortgage
subprime loan
subprime sector
sub-Saharan Africa
SSA
subscriber country
][GDDS, SDDS
546
English
Arabic

subscript
subscription to the standard
[GDDS, SDDS]
subscriptions of members
[IMF]
subsidiary enterprise
subsidiary
incorporated branch
subsidiary company
subsidized interest rate
subsidy
subsidy resources
subsistence income
547
English
Arabic
substitute good
substitute
competitive good
substitution effect
successful bidder
successful tenderer
sudden stop of capital flows

sudden stop
SS
sudden stop crises
summary accounting
summary proceedings
)(
summary record
summary statement
[IMF, operations and transactions]
548
English
Arabic

sunset
sunset clause
sunset legislation
[USA]
sunset act
superscript
Supervisory Capital Assessment Program
[USA]
SCAP
supervisory college
supervisory data source
[MPI]
supplement reserves, need to

[IMF]
549
English
Arabic
Supplemental Reserve Facility
[IMF]
SRF
supplementary budget
supplementary appropriation
Supplementary Financing Facility
[IMF]
SFF
Supplementary Special Deposit Scheme

The Corset

" "
supplier industry
upstream industry
supplier's credit
supplies and equipment

[BPM5]
550
English
Arabic

supply and use

[SNA93]
supply bottleneck
supply curve
supply schedule
supply
[SNA93]
supply-side economics
supply-side policy
support intervention
[exchange market]
support price
551
English
Arabic

support services
[IMF]
support staff
[IMF]
supporting document
suppressed inflation
repressed inflation
surcharge to the basic rate of charge
[IMF]
surplus country
surrender of foreign exchange
surveillance
552
English
Arabic
Surveillance Operations Division
[SPR/SV]
surveillance over exchange arrangements
[IMF]
Surveillance Review Division
[SPR/SW]
survey form
questionnaire
survey on capital markets
[IMF]
suspense account
transit account
clearing account
553
Arabic

English
suspicious activity report
][USA
SAR
suspicious transaction report
][GBR
STR
sustainability
sustainable debt
sustainable development
sustainable growth
swap arrangement
swap
swap line
temporary reciprocal currency arrangement
554
English
Arabic

1N1H)A)
swine flu
swine influenza
H1N1 Flu
influenza A (H1N1)
Novel influenza A (H1N1)
swine influenza A/H1N1
swing credit
syndicate
consortium
pool
syndicated loan
syndicated credit
synthetic collateralized debt obligation

synthetic CDO
555
English
Arabic
System of National Accounts 1993
[UN]
SNA 1993
System of National Accounts
[BPM5; SNA93]
SNA
systematic risk
[financial sector]
market risk
undiversifiable risk
beta risk
Systemic Issues and Crisis Resolution Division
[MCM/SI]
systemic risk regulator
556
English
Arabic
Systemic Transformation Facility
[IMF]
STF
systemically important institution
tail event
tail risk
TAIMS
Technical Assistance Information Management System
" "

tainted asset
takeoff
[economics]
takeover
[enterprises]
557
English
Arabic
tangible common equity
TCE
tangible equity capital
tap issue
[government securities]
target group
target range
target variable
( )
target zone
[exchange rates]
tariff barrier
tariff binding
[trade]
binding
558
English
Arabic

tariff escalation
tariff heading
[BTN]
tariff item
[BTN, SITC]
tariff preference
tariff schedule
task force
Task Force on Implementation of Standards
[FSF]
tax abatement
tax administration
[agency]
tax bureau
559
English
Arabic

tax assessment
[GFSM]
assessment
tax audit
tax avoidance
tax base
tax bracket
tax buoyancy
buoyancy of a tax system
buoyancy of tax revenue
tax burden
tax clearing certificate

tax clearance
560
English
Arabic

tax collection
tax concession
tax benefit
tax credit
[GFSM]
credit against (a) tax
tax deductible
tax deduction
tax deferral
tax elasticity
tax enforcement
enforced collection
561
English
Arabic

tax equity
tax fairness
tax evasion
tax expenditure
tax haven
tax holiday
tax incentive
tax incidence
incidence of taxation
tax liability
[GFS 1986]
562
English
Arabic

tax loss carryback

carryback
loss carryback
Tax Policy Division
[FAD/TP]
tax rate
tax ratio
tax refund
[GFS 1986]
tax relief
tax break
tax return
563
English
Arabic

tax revenue
[GFSM; GFSY]
tax receipts
tax yield
tax shelter
tax sparing credit

tax sparing
tax wedge
fiscal wedge
tax year
[taxation]
taxable year
base year
fiscal year
FY
564
English
Arabic

taxable capacity
ability to pay
taxable event
taxable income
taxable year
taxation
tax-based income policy
tax-based incomes policy

TIP
taxes on corporate net wealth
[GFS 1986]
taxes on goods and services

[GFS 1986; GFSM]
565
English
Arabic
taxes on income, profits, and capital gains
[GFSM; GFSY]
taxes on personal net wealth
[GFS 1986]
taxpayer compliance
tax compliance
taxpayer identification number
TIN
tax identification number
single tax identification number
taxpayer
[SNA93]
Technical Assistance Advisor

[IMF]
TA Advisor
566
English
Arabic
Technical Assistance Country Strategy Note
TACSN
Technical Assistance Secretariat
[OMD/OBP/TS]
TAS
technical assistance
[BPM5]
TA
Technical Memorandum of Understanding

[IMF]
TMU
technical memorandum
technical reserves
Technology and General Services Department

[IMF]
TGS
567
English
Arabic
technology transfer
transfer of technology
temporary employment
temporary occupation
tender offer
takeover bid
tender rate
[UK treasury bills]
term of maturity
maturity
life
term
term sheet
termination
[contracts]
568
English
Arabic
terms and conditions

[GFSM]
terms of reference
TOR
terms of trade
tested cable
thin market
narrow market
inactive market
slack market
thin trading
low volume
""
""

three-month Libor
569
English
Arabic
three-year arrangement
[ESAF, PRGF]
thrift institution
thrift
through-the-cycle rating
TTC
tied aid

( 1)

tier 1 capital
capital tier one
core capital
primary capital
[EU; banking]
tier 2 capital
capital tier two
supplementary capital
secondary capital
[EU]
570

( )
English
Arabic

tight labor market
tight market
tightening of policy
hardening of policy
time deposit
fixed-term deposit
certificate of deposit
[FSIG; GMBS]
CD
time lag
lag
time of recording
timing of recording
time path
571
English
Arabic
time preference
time regression
time-based repurchase expectations
[IMF]
timing adjustment
timing-based crisis-lending facility
[IMF]
timing-based lending facility
timing-based crisis prevention facility
timing based facility
Tobin tax
currency transactions tax
CTT
tombstone
too big to save
""
572
English
Arabic
too-connected-to-fail
topping up
[Paris Club]
topping-up assistance
total factor productivity
TFP
total voting power

[IMF]
toxic assets
track record, to establish a positive
[IMF overdue financial obligations; HIPC Initiative]

proven record, to establish a
traction
573
English
Arabic

tradable goods
tradables
trade arrears
trade barrier
trade impediment
trade creation
trade credit
trade financing
commercial credit
trade loan
trade currency
trade deficit
trade gap
trade diversion
574
English
Arabic
Trade Integration Mechanism
TIM
trade restriction
trade restrictive practice
trade sanction
trade statistics
trade figures
( )
traded good
trade-off
trade-weighted
trading partners
partner countries
575
English
Arabic

trading pit
trading floor
trading room
[banking]
trading floor
traditional debt relief mechanisms
tranche policy
[IMF]
tranche position
[IMF]
tranched loan
transaction arranged by the IMF
[IMF]
arranged transaction
transaction balances
576
English
Arabic

transaction basis
transaction by agreement
[IMF]
transaction cost
transaction currency
[BPM5]
transaction demand for money
transaction value
[Customs]
transaction with designation
[SDR]
designated transaction
transactions account
[USA]
577
English
Arabic
transactions in goods, services, and income
[BPM5]
transactor
transfer cost
transfer in kind
[BPM5]
transfer income
transfer of real resources
transfer payment
[GFS 1986]
transfer price
transfer pricing
578
English
Arabic

transfer risk
transfer tax
transferable security
transit trade
[BPM5; BPM6]
transitional arrangements
[IMF]
transitional procedures
[IMF]
transitional provisions
[AA]
Translation Coordination Center

TCC
579
English
Arabic
Translation Division
[IMF-TGS/L]
Translation Processing Center
[TGS/AI/LP]
TPC
transparency
( )
treasury bill
T-bill
( )
treasury bond
T-bond
Treasury Inflation-Protected Security

TIPS
Treasury Inflation-Indexed Security
( )
treasury note
T-note
580
English
Arabic

trend analysis
trend GDP
trend inflation
structural inflation
trend value
trial and error
ttonnement
triangular trade
trickle down theory
Triennial Surveillance Review

TSR
trigger price
581
English
Arabic
trillion
[IMF-IBRD; USA]
troubled assets
Troubled Assets Insurance Financing Fund
Troubled Assets Relief Program
TARP
trough
troy ounce of fine gold
fine troy ounce

fine ounce
Trust Account
[IMF-ESAF]
fiduciary account
582
English
Arabic
Trust for Special ESAF Operations for the Heavily Indebted Poor Countries and Interim
ESAF Subsidy Operations
" "" "

""
""
[IMF]
ESAF-HIPC Trust
[IMF]
Trust Fund Instrument
[IMF]
Trust Fund
[IMF]
trustee
trustee savings bank
turning point
turnaround
change point
turnover tax
583
English
Arabic

turnover
sales
two-stage least squares
[statistics]
two-tailed test
[statistics]
two-sided test
two-tier banking system
two-tier development
two-tier market
two-way breakdown
two-way trading arrangements
584
English
Arabic
two-way transaction
[SDR]
Umbrella Account for HIPC Operations
( )

" "
[ESAF-HIPC]
UN Development Group-World Bank Fiduciary Principles Accord
FPA
unallocated shares
unbiased estimator
[statistics]
unchallengeable use
[SDR]
uncommitted resources
unconditional liquidity
585
English
Arabic
undeclared employment
unreported employment
underdeveloped country
UDC
underemployment
[SNA93]
underfunding
underinvestment
underinvoicing
[SNA93]
underlying deficit
structural deficit
586
Arabic

English
underlying security
][derivatives
underlying instrument
underrepresented countries
under-resourcing the IMF
undershooting
underwriting fee
underwriting commission
underwriting syndicate
underwriting consortium
underwriting group
underwriting pool
issue syndicate
underwriters
587
English
Arabic

underwriting
[securities]
undisbursed debt
undrawn balance
unearned income
uneconomic
[SNA93]
uneconomical
unemployed
[SNA93]
unemployment benefit
unemployment compensation
588
English
Arabic
unemployment
[GFSM; SNA93]
unenforceable
unfair competition
unfair competitive advantage
unfunded employee social benefits

[SNA93]
unfunded social benefits

unfunded benefits
[SNA93]
unfunded liabilities
[insurance; retirement]
unincorporated enterprise
unincorporated business
589
English
Arabic
unincorporated public enterprise
unincorporated government enterprise
unit elasticity
unitary elasticity
unit labor cost
unit labor cost-based real effective exchange rate
ULC-based real effective exchange rate
unit of output
unit produced
unit of value
unit value
United Arab Emirates (the)

[IMF]
United Arab Emirates (the)
[IMF]
590
English
Arabic
United Cities and Local Governments
UCLG
United Nations Commission on International Trade Law

UNCITRAL
United Nations Conference on Trade and Development

UNCTAD
United Nations Development Programme
UNDP
United Nations Monetary and Financial Conference

[IMF-IBRD]
Bretton Woods Conference
United Nations Population Fund
UNFPA
United Nations
UN
591
English
Arabic

unlisted security
unquoted security
unpaid charge
[IMF]
unpeg the rate
unremitted earnings
[BPM5]
unremunerated reserve tranche position
[IMF]
unrequited payment
unrequited transaction
unrequited transfer
unsecured loan
592
English
Arabic
unskilled labor
unskilled manpower
unskilled worker
unsoundness
untapped resource
untied aid
untying of aid
unwinding of global imbalances
unwinding of speculative and carry trade activities
UN-World Bank Partnership Framework for Crisis and Post-Crisis Situations
( .. )
upgrading
593
Arabic

English
upper credit tranche quality
UCT quality
upper credit tranches

][IMF
upside risk
upstream capacity
upturn
upswing
upsurge
upward adjustment
upward bias
][CPI
positive bias
upward pressure
594
English
Arabic

upward trend
rising trend
uptrend
upward-sloping curve
Uruguay Round (of Multilateral Trade Negotiations)

[GATT]
usable national currency
use of Fund credit

use of IMF credit
use of IMF resources
[IMF]
use of Fund resources
UFR
user cost
595
English
Arabic

user fee
user charge
vacancy
job vacancy
opening
job opening
valuation
valuation basis
valuation effects
valuation techniques
value added in manufacturing
value date
[IMF]
596
English
Arabic

value index
value-added deflator
value-added tax
VAT
value-at-risk model
VaR
variability
)(
variable weights
variance
[statistics]
vault cash
cash in vault
597
English
Arabic
velocity of circulation
velocity of money
venture capital
risk capital
vertical fund
visiting scholar
[IMF]
visiting professor
visiting fellow
volatile capital
volatility
volume index
voluntary contribution account

[IMF arrears; debt reduction]
598
English
Arabic
voluntary departure program
voluntary departure scheme
voluntary export restraint
VER
voluntary repayment
[IMF]
voluntary separation

[1997 -]
vote by proxy
[IMF]
voting power
[IMF]
voting without meeting
vulnerabilities
[surveillance]
599
English
Arabic
vulnerability assessment
vulnerability exercise
vulnerability indicator
""
vulture fund
wage bill ceilings
wage bill
payroll
wage cost(s)
payroll cost(s)
wage differential
600
English
Arabic

wage drift
wage creep
wage earner
wage equalization
wage rate
wage
wage restraint
wage moderation
wage wedge
wage-push inflation
waive
waiver
601
English
Arabic

warning signal
warning sign
warrant
[financial derivatives]
stock warrant
equity warrant
subscription warrant
stock purchase warrant
share purchase warrant
Washington Mutual Inc.
WaMu
wealth effect
wealth tax
[BPM5]
tax on wealth
[SNA93]
wealth
[BPM5; GFSM; SNA93]
602
English
Arabic
weighted voting system
weighting pattern
welfare economics
welfare payment
welfare state
welfare
well-being
WEO exercise
West Africa Monetary Zone
[IBRD]
WAMZ
West Africa Regional Technical Assistance Center

West AFRITAC
603
English
Arabic
West African Development Bank
WADB
West African Division I, II
() ( )
[AFR/WB, WF]
West African Economic and Monetary Union
WAEMU
West African Economic Community
WAEC
CEAO
West African Monetary Agency
WAMA
West African Monetary Union
WAMU
Western Division
[EUR/WE]
604
English
Arabic
Western Hemisphere Department
[IMF]
WHD
wholesale bank
wholesale price index
WPI
wholly owned subsidiary
fully owned subsidiary
windfall profit
windfall tax
window dressing
wire transfer
605
English
Arabic
withdrawal from membership
[IMF]
withholding tax
Women's World Banking
WWB
workers' remittances
[BPM5; BPM6]
workforce
[enterprises]
working balance
Working Group on Capital Flows
[FSF]
Working Group on IMF Corporate Governance
606
English
Arabic
Working Group on Offshore Financial Centers
[FSF]
working group
working party
working hypothesis
working life
working paper
Working Party on the Measurement of International Capital Flows
[BPM5]
Working Party on the Statistical Discrepancy in World Current Account Balances
[IMF, BIS;EUROSTAT, OECD]
working-age population
workshop
607
English
Arabic
World Bank
[World Bank Group]
WB
World Conference on Disaster Reduction
21 -
WCDR
world current account statistical discrepancy
world current account discrepancy
World Development Report
[World Bank]
WDR
World Economic and Market Developments
[IMF]
WEMD
World Economic Outlook Update

WEO Update
608
" "
English
Arabic
World Economic Outlook
" "
[IMF]
WEO
World Economic Studies Division
[RES/WO]
World Faiths Development Dialogue
[IBRD]
WFDD
World Food Programme
[UN-FAO]
WFP
World Health Organization
WHO
World Intellectual Property Organization

WIPO
609
English
Arabic
world market price
world price
World Trade Organization
WTO
worse-policies scenario
[WEO]
worst-policies scenario
pessimistic scenario
write down (an asset)
write off (an asset)

charge off
( )
( )
write off debt
write-down
yearly rate
610
English
Arabic
year-to-year basis, on a
year-on-year basis, on a
y/y
yield
yield curve
term structure of interest rates
interest rate structure
term structure
yield to maturity
YTM
redemption yield
zero base budget

[IMF]
ZBB
zero-based review
zero bound
611
English
Arabic
zero growth
zero saving
zero-coupon bond
zero-sum game
2
[MCM/R2]
Regional Division 2
612

IMF Arabic Glossary

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IMF Arabic Glossary

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English

1977 Decision on Surveillance over Exchange Rate Policies

above face value

above par value

IMF Glossary Web ARABIC -March 2011| International Monetary Fund

above the line

accelerated rate of depreciation

IMF Glossary Web ARABIC -March 2011| International Monetary Fund

Accord Implementation Group

IMF Glossary Web ARABIC -March 2011| International Monetary Fund

accounts of the IMF in member countries

IMF accounts in member countries

IMF Glossary Web ARABIC -March 2011| International Monetary Fund

Accra Agenda for Action

accrual basis accounting

IMF Glossary Web ARABIC -March 2011| International Monetary Fund

European Economic Community)

IMF Glossary Web ARABIC -March 2011| International Monetary Fund

acquired rights clause

IMF Glossary Web ARABIC -March 2011| International Monetary Fund

actual final consumption

actual interest yield

actual rate of return

IMF Glossary Web ARABIC -March 2011| International Monetary Fund

ad hoc quota boosters

ad hoc quota increase

IMF Glossary Web ARABIC -March 2011| International Monetary Fund

IMF Glossary Web ARABIC -March 2011| International Monetary Fund

adjustment to cash basis

adjustment with growth

Administered Account - country

[IMF - contribution from a country]

IMF Glossary Web ARABIC -March 2011| International Monetary Fund

IMF Glossary Web ARABIC -March 2011| International Monetary Fund

adverse feedback loop

Advisor on Diversity, Senior

Advisor to the Executive Director

IMF Glossary Web ARABIC -March 2011| International Monetary Fund

Africa Action Plan

Africa Capacity Building Initiative

Africa Regional Division

IMF Glossary Web ARABIC -March 2011| International Monetary Fund

African Development Bank

African Development Fund

African Financial Community

African Forum and Network on Debt and Development

IMF Glossary Web ARABIC -March 2011| International Monetary Fund

African peer review mechanism

African Regional Technical Assistance Center

African, Caribbean and Pacific Group of States

IMF Glossary Web ARABIC -March 2011| International Monetary Fund

Agency for International Development

Agenda and Procedures Committee

IMF Glossary Web ARABIC -March 2011| International Monetary Fund

aggregate calculated quota share

aggregate real gross national product

aggregate real GNP

aggregate real private investment

aging of the population

IMF Glossary Web ARABIC -March 2011| International Monetary Fund

Agreement on Subsidies and Countervailing Measures

agricultural extension services

Aid for Trade

IMF Glossary Web ARABIC -March 2011| International Monetary Fund