IC 555 l mt loi linh kin kh l ph bin by gi vi vic d dng to c xung vung v c

th thay i tn s ty thch, vi s mch n gin,iu ch c rng xung. N c

ng dng hu ht vo cc mch to xung ng ct hay l nhng mch dao ng khc. y l
linh kin ca hng CMOS sn xut .

IC 555

Cc thng s c bn ca IC 555 c trn th trng :

+ in p u vo : 2 - 18V ( Ty tng loi ca 555 : LM555, NE555, NE7555..)

+ Dng in cung cp : 6mA - 15mA
+ in p logic mc cao : 0.5 - 15V
+ in p logic mc thp : 0.03 - 0.06V
+ Cng sut ln nht l : 600mW
* Cc chc nng ca 555:
+ L thit b to xung chnh xc
+ My pht xung
+ iu ch c rng xung (PWM)
+ iu ch v tr xung (PPM) (Hay dng trong thu pht hng ngoi)
S chn IC555:

s chn IC555

+ Chn s 1(GND): cho ni GND ly dng cp cho IC hay chn cn gi l chn chung.
+ Chn s 2(TRIGGER): y l chn u vo thp hn in p so snh v c dng nh 1
chn cht hay ng vo ca 1 tn so p.Mch so snh y dng cc transitor PNP vi mc
in p chun l 2/3Vcc.
+ Chn s 3(OUTPUT): Chn ny l chn dng ly tn hiu ra logic. Trng thi ca tn hiu
ra c xc nh theo mc 0 v 1. 1 y l mc cao n tng ng vi gn bng Vcc nu
(PWM=100%) v mc 0 tng ng vi 0V nhng m trong thc t mc 0 ny ko c 0V
m n trong khong t (0.35 ->0.75V) .
+ Chn s 4(RESET): Dng lp nh mc trng thi ra. Khi chn s 4 ni masse th ng ra
mc thp. Cn khi chn 4 ni vo mc p cao th trng thi ng ra ty theo mc p trn chn 2
v 6.Nhng m trong mch to c dao ng thng hay ni chn ny ln VCC.
+ Chn s 5(CONTROL VOLTAGE): Dng lm thay i mc p chun trong IC 555 theo cc
mc bin p ngoi hay dng cc in tr ngoi cho ni GND. Chn ny c th khng ni cng
c nhng m gim tr nhiu ngi ta thng ni chn s 5 xung GND thng qua t
in t 0.01uF n 0.1uF cc t ny lc nhiu v gi cho in p chun c n nh.
+ Chn s 6(THRESHOLD) : l mt trong nhng chn u vo so snh in p khc v cng
c dng nh 1 chn cht.
+ Chn s 7(DISCHAGER) : c th xem chn ny nh 1 kha in t v chu iu khin bi
tng logic ca chn 3 .Khi chn 3 mc p thp th kha ny ng li.ngc li th n m ra.
Chn 7 t np x in cho 1 mch R-C lc IC 555 dng nh 1 tng dao ng .
+ Chn s 8 (Vcc): Khng cn ni cng bt l chn cung cp p v dng cho IC hot ng.
Khng c chn ny coi nh IC cht. N c cp in p t 2V -->18V (Ty tng loi 555 thp
nht l con NE7555)

Cu to bn trong v nguyn tc hot ng:

-Cu to:

cu to bn trong IC 555
Nhn trn s cu to trn ta thy cu trc ca 555 gm : 2 con OPAM, 3 con in tr, 1
transitor, 1 FF ( y l FF RS):
- 2 OP-amp c tc dng so snh in p
- Transistor x in.
- Bn trong gm 3 in tr mc ni tip chia in p VCC thnh 3 phn. Cu to ny to nn
in p chun. in p 1/3 VCC ni vo chn dng ca Op-amp 1 v in p 2/3 VCC ni
vo chn m ca Op-amp 2. Khi in p chn 2 nh hn 1/3 VCC, chn S = [1] v FF c
kch. Khi in p chn 6 ln hn 2/3 VCC, chn R ca FF = [1] v FF c reset.
-Nguyn tc hot ng:

Nguyn l hot ng
trn mch trn ta bt l H l mc cao v n gn bng Vcc v L l mc thp v n bng 0V.
S dng pc FF - RS
Khi S = [1] th Q = [1] v = Q- = [ 0].
Sau , khi S = [0] th Q = [1] v =Q- = [0].
Khi R = [1] th = [1] v Q = [0].
Khi S = [1] th Q = [1] v khi R = [1] th Q = [0] bi v Q-= [1], transisitor m dn, cc C ni t.
Cho nn in p khng np vo t C, in p chn 6 khng vt qu V2. Do li ra ca Opamp 2 mc 0, FF khng reset.
Khi mi ng mch, t C np qua Ra, Rb, vi thi hng (Ra+Rb)C.
* T C np t in p 0V -> Vcc/3:
- Lc ny V+1(V+ ca Opamp1) > V-1. Do O1 (ng ra ca Opamp1) c mc logic 1(H).
- V+2 < V-2 (V-2 = 2Vcc/3) . Do O2 = 0(L).
- R = 0, S = 1 --> Q = 1, /Q (Q o) = 0.
- Q = 1 --> Ng ra = 1.
- /Q = 0 --> Transistor hi tip khng dn.
* T C tip t np t in p Vcc/3 -> 2Vcc/3:
- Lc ny, V+1 < V-1. Do O1 = 0.
- V+2 < V-2. Do O2 = 0.
- R = 0, S = 0 --> Q, /Q s gi trng thi trc (Q=1, /Q=0).

- Transistor vn ko dn !
* T C np qua ngng 2Vcc/3:
- Lc ny, V+1 < V-1. Do O1 = 0.
- V+2 > V-2. Do O2 = 1.
- R = 1, S = 0 --> Q=0, /Q = 1.
- Q = 0 --> Ng ra o trng thi = 0.
- /Q = 1 --> Transistor dn, in p trn chn 7 xung 0V !
- T C x qua Rb. Vi thi hng Rb.C
- in p trn t C gim xung do t C x, lm cho in p t C
nhy xung di 2Vcc/3.
* T C tip tc "X" t in p 2Vcc/3 --> Vcc/3:
- Lc ny, V+1 < V-1. Do O1 = 0.
- V+2 < V-2. Do O2 = 0.
- R = 0, S = 0 --> Q, /Q s gi trng thi trc (Q=0, /Q=1).
- Transistor vn dn !
* T C x qua ngng Vcc/3:
- Lc ny V+1 > V-1. Do O1 = 1.
- V+2 < V-2 (V-2 = 2Vcc/3) . Do O2 = 0.
- R = 0, S = 1 --> Q = 1, /Q (Q o) = 0.
- Q = 1 --> Ng ra = 1.
- /Q = 0 --> Transistor khng dn -> chn 7 khng = 0V na v
t C li c np in vi in p ban u l Vcc/3.
Ni tm li cc bn c nn hiu l :
Trong qu trnh hot ng bnh thng ca 555, in p trn t C ch dao ng quanh in p
Vcc/3 -> 2Vcc/3. (Xem dng c tnh t in phng np trn)
- Khi np in, t C np in vi in p ban u l Vcc/3, v kt thc np thi im in p
trn C bng 2Vcc/3.Np in vi thi hng l (Ra+Rb)C.
- Khi x in, t C x in vi in p ban u l 2Vcc/3, v kt thc x thi im in p
trn C bng Vcc/3. X in vi thi hng l Rb.C.
- Thi gian mc 1 ng ra chnh l thi gian np in, mc 0 l x in.
Cng thc tnh tn s iu ch rng xung ca 555:

iu ch rng xung
Nhn vo s mch trn ta c cng thc tnh tn s , rng xung.
+ Tn s ca tn hiu u ra l :
f = 1/(ln2.C.(R1 + 2R2))

+ Chu k ca tn hiu u ra : t = 1/f

+ Thi gian xung mc H (1) trong mt chu k :
t1 = ln2 .(R1 + R2).C

+ Thi gian xung mc L (0) trong 1 chu k :

t2 = ln2.R2.C

NH vy trn l cng thc tng qut ca 555. Ti ly 1 v d nh l : to c xung dao

ng l f = 1.5Hz . u tin ti c chn hai gi tr c trng l R1 v C2 sau ta tnh c
R1. Theo cch tnh ton trn th ta chn : C = 10nF, R1 =33k --> R2 = 33k (Tnh ton theo cng
thc)