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B e r l i n - B r a n d e n b u r g i s c h e A k a d e m i e der

Wissenschaften

Iulius Africanus Chronographiae


The E x t a n t Fragments

Die Griechischen Christlichen Schriftsteller


d e r ersten J a h r h u n d e r t e (GCS) Neue Folge Band 15

Edited by M a r t i n Wallraff w i t h U m b e r t o Roberto a n d , f o r the O r i e n t a l Sources, K a r l Pinggera Translated b y W i l l i a m Adler

W a l t e r de G r u y t e r B e r l i n N e w Y o r k

H e r a u s g e g e b e n i m A u f t r a g der B e r l i n - B r a n d e n b u r g i s c h e n A k a d e m i e der v o n C h r i s t o p h Markschies G u t a c h t e r dieses Bandes: Jiirgen H a m m e r s t a e d t u n d C h r i s t o p h R i e d w e g Wissenschaften

PREFACE
M o d e r n research o n C h r i s t i a n c h r o n o g r a p h y was inaugurated 400 years a g o b y Joseph Justus Scaliger w i t h his magisterial Thesaurus Africanus ( 3
r d

temporum

(1606). T h e of

w o r k drew scholars' a t t e n t i o n to the author o f the first C h r i s t i a n c h r o n i c l e , I u l i u s cent.), a w r i t e r w h o effectively t r a n s f o r m e d the h e r i t a g e Hellenistic u n i v e r s a l h i s t o r i o g r a p h y b y a d a p t i n g i t t o a C h r i s t i a n f r a m e w o r k . A l t h o u g h A f r i c a n u s ' w o r k is lost i n its entirety, the preserved fragments i n c l u d i n g those o f t h e Cesti, his second m a i n w o r k r e v e a l a m u l t i f a c e t e d a n d broad-based i n t e l l e c t u a l , w r i t i n g i n an era r i c h i n culture a n d change. G i v e n the i m p o r t a n c e o f Africanus, i t was o b v i o u s that his works be i n s e r t e d i n t o the e d i t o r i a l p r o g r a m o f the GCS series w h i c h was i n i t i a l l y p l a n n e d as " D i e Griechischen C h r i s t l i c h e n Schriftsteller der ersten drei Jahrhunderte." Although the idea o f l i m i t i n g t h e series to the first t h r e e centuries was later a b a n d o n e d , A f r i c a n u s was s t i l l r e t a i n e d . The editions were entrusted t o Karl K o n r a d M i i l l e r for the Cesti a n d t o H e i n r i c h Gelzer for the Chronographiae. Unfortunately, f o r a v a r i e t y o f reasons, n e i t h e r project was ever c o m p l e t e d , a l t h o u g h Gelzer's w o r k was already at a n a d v a n c e d stage w h e n he d i e d 100 years ago ( t l 9 0 6 ) . After m o r e t h a n a century, the c h r o n i c l e is about the o n l y significant w o r k o f the o r i g i n a l p r o j e c t f o r w h i c h still n o m o d e r n e d i t i o n exists. T h u s , i t is w i t h
1

Gedruckt auf saurefreiem Papier, das die U S - A N S I - N o r m fiber Haltbarkeit erfullt.

p a r t i c u l a r g r a t i t u d e t h a t t h e m a i n editor o f t h i s v o l u m e has taken the o p p o r t u n i t y o f p u b l i s h i n g the present e d i t i o n i n the distinguished GCS series. T h i s i n v i t a t i o n was first e x t e n d e d b y Prof. A l b r e c h t D i h l e , i n 1999, o n b e h a l f o f t h e c o m m i s s i o n w o r k i n g u n d e r the aegis o f the B e r l i n - B r a n d e n b u r g academy, a n i n v i t a t i o n that was later repeated b y Prof. C h r i s t o p h Markschies. H o w e v e r , t h i s

I S S N 0232-2900 I S B N 978-3-11-019493-7 Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication Data

p u b l i c a t i o n is m o r e t h a n j u s t a sign o f i n t e l l e c t u a l c o n t i n u i t y d u r i n g a c e n t u r y , m a r k e d o t h e r w i s e b y t u r m o i l a n d ruptures. I t also heralds an i m p o r t a n t i n n o v a t i o n . This is i n fact the first e d i t i o n i n t h e series i n w h i c h the o r i g i n a l t e x t is accompanied b y a t r a n s l a t i o n i n t o a m o d e r n language a n d i n w h i c h t h e i n t r o d u c t i o n a n d t r a n s l a t i o n are i n English. Such an u n d e r t a k i n g was made possible t h a n k s to a felicitous t r a n s a t l a n t i c c o l l a b o r a t i o n b e t w e e n W i l l i a m A d l e r ( N o r t h C a r o l i n a State U n i v e r s i t y ) a n d a European equipe. T h e f o r m e r , referred t o o n the f r o n t cover as the translator o f the fragments, was also able to offer a great d e a l o f invaluable advice c o n c e r n i n g m a n y other aspects o f t h e e d i t i o n . T h e texts were discussed between h i m a n d the European equipe i n n u m e r o u s details d u r i n g three intensive meetings i n Forschungsgemeinschaft already three successive phases o f the project i n B o n n , Jena a n d Basel. O n the E u r o p e a n side, the project was generously funded b y t h e Deutsche as part o f the Gerhard-Hess-Programm. I n a d d i t i o n to the editors

A C I P catalogue record for this book is available from the Library of Congress. Bibliografische Information der Deutschen Nationalbibliothek

Die Deutsche Nationalbibliothek verzeichnet diese Publikation in der Deutschen Nationalbibliografie; detaillierte bibliografische Daten sind im Internet iiber http://dnb.d-nb.de abrufbar.

C o p y r i g h t 2007 by Walter de Gruyter G m b H & C o . K G , 10785 Berlin Dieses W e r k einschlieBlich aller seiner Teile ist urheberrechtlich geschiitzt. Jede Verwertung auBerhalb der engen G r e n z e n des Urheberrechtsgesetzes ist ohne Zustimmung des Verlages unzulassig und strafbar. D a s gilt insbesondere fur Vervielfaltigungen, Ubersetzungen, Mikroverfilmungen und die E i n speicherung und Verarbeitung in elektronischen Systemen. Printed in Germany Einbandgestaltung: Christopher Schneider, Berlin D r u c k u n d buchbinderische Verarbeitung: Hubert & Co. G m b H & C o . K G , Gottingen

See Stefan Rebenich, Theodor Mommsen und Adolf Harnack. Wissenschaft und Politik im Berlin des ausgehenden 19. Jahrhunderts, Berlin 1997,175f.

VI

Preface

The Extant Fragments

VII

m e n t i o n e d o n t h e front cover, the t e a m consisted o f G r e g o r Staab, Sebastian Kaas a n d C h r i s t o f Kraus, a l l o f w h o m gave i m p o r t a n t assistance i n different phases o f the p r o j e c t . I n d e e d , m a n y o f the p r o b l e m s i n the t e x t c o u l d o n l y be r e s o l v e d c o l l e c t i v e l y a n d o n l y after m a n y h o u r s o f discussion. A s a consequence, t h e s i n g l e c o n t r i b u t i o n s are n o l o n g e r distinguishable. T h e i n t r o d u c t i o n has b e e n w r i t t e n b y the m a i n e d i t o r t o g e t h e r w i t h U m b e r t o R o b e r t o (except for 4.4., w r i t t e n b y W i l l i a m Adler, a n d 4.6., w r i t t e n b y K a r l Pinggera). I n t h e notes to the E n g l i s h t r a n s l a t i o n , the c o n t r i b u t i o n s o f a l l f o u r scholars are c o n f l a t e d . S o m e o f t h e results o f the p r o j e c t w e r e discussed at a conference i n Eisenach i n M a y 2005. T h e conference p r o c e e d i n g s were p u b l i s h e d i n t h e series "Texte u n d U n t e r s u c h u n g e n " , parts o f w h i c h c a n be consulted as a u s e f u l s u p p l e m e n t to t h e i n t r o d u c t i o n o f this e d i t i o n .
2

Last b u t n o t least, the t w o referees f o r the G C S series ought to be m e n t i o n e d w i t h gratitude: Prof. C h r i s t o p h Riedweg ( R o m e ) a n d Prof. Jurgen Hammerstaedt (Cologne). T h e f o r m e r saved us f r o m a few f a t a l errors i n the final phase, t h e latter also gave p r e c i o u s advice i n intensive discussions o n the text at the U n i versity o f Jena i n t h e s u m m e r o f 2003. Iulius A f r i c a n u s c o u l d never have foreseen, n o r c o u l d the editors t h e m s e l v e s ever have a n t i c i p a t e d , t h a t after nearly 1800 years, exactly 100 fragments o f t h e Chronographiae thought. Basel, December 2 0 0 6 Martin Wallraff have survived. Surely t h e c h r o n i c l e r , w h o was fascinated a l m o s t to the p o i n t o f obsession b y the s y m b o l i s m o f n u m b e r s , w o u l d have l i k e d t h e

O v e r the years m a n y colleagues f r o m all over the w o r l d have h e l p e d i n the p r o d u c t i o n o f t h i s w o r k w i t h i n n u m e r a b l e suggestions a n d a d v i c e . O n l y some o f t h e m c a n b e m e n t i o n e d here. D u r i n g h i s w o r k o n the e d i t i o n o f the Symeon Logofhete c h r o n i c l e , Prof. Staffan W a h l g r e n ( U n i v e r s i t y o f L u n d , Sweden)
3

shared s o m e o f his results w i t h us. I n particular, he p u t a m i c r o f i l m o f cod. Vat. gr. 163 at o u r disposal. U n f o r t u n a t e l y , his e d i t i o n a p p e a r e d w h e n o u r e d i t i o n was already n e a r c o m p l e t i o n . T h e r e f o r e , i t was o n l y possible t o refer to his chapter n u m b e r s i n the index locorum (p. 325). W i t h the h e l p o f this list, h o w e v e r , i t s h o u l d be easy f o r readers t o locate o u r texts i n Wahlgren's e d i t i o n a n d v i c e v e r s a . A p a r t f r o m a few v e r y m i n o r details, the n e w t e x t n e i t h e r alters t h e q u a n t i t y o f relevant m a t e r i a l , n o r changes the shape o f the texts themselves. Special t h a n k s are also due t o t h e m a n u s c r i p t d e p a r t m e n t o f t h e U n i v e r s i t y l i b r a r y i n Jena a n d its d i r e c t o r D r . J o a c h i m O t t , w h o , f o r m o r e t h a n five years a l l o w e d us t o use the m a n u s c r i p t o f H e i n r i c h Gelzer f o r his p l a n n e d e d i t i o n i n o u r office. C l o s e c o l l a b o r a t i o n w i t h the l i b r a r y also l e d to t h e c r e a t i o n o f a c o m m o n p r o j e c t and a s m a l l p u b l i c a t i o n o n C h r i s t i a n w o r l d c h r o n i c l e s . n o t o n l y p h i l o l o g i c a l l y , b u t also f o r t h e m a n y technical d i f f i c u l t i e s
4

T h e p r e p a r a t i o n o f a b i l i n g u a l e d i t i o n o f this sort is a c o m p l e x u n d e r t a k i n g , encountered a l o n g t h e w a y . I t w o u l d n o t , f o r example, have been possible t o p r o v i d e a came r a - r e a d y c o p y f o r p u b l i c a t i o n w i t h o u t the use o f a specific k i n d o f software. T h i s e d i t i o n has b e e n executed u s i n g "Classical Text Editor", w h o s e a u t h o r , D r . Stefan Hagel ( A u s t r i a n A c a d e m y o f Sciences, V i e n n a ) , was o n h a n d t o g i v e p r a c t i c a l ad v i c e a n d i n s o m e cases even m o d i f y the p r o g r a m for o u r o w n specific purposes. D r . P h i l i p D i t c h f i e l d ( R o m e ) a s s u m e d the tedious task o f c o r r e c t i n g a n d i m p r o v i n g the E n g l i s h text. O v e r the years, m a n y student assistants spent m a n y h o u r s w i t h v a r i o u s t e c h n i c a l tasks. T h e y can be referred t o o n l y c o l l e c t i v e l y here.

2 3 4

Julius Africanus und die christliche Weltchronistik, ed. Martin Wallraff ( T U 157), Berlin 2006. Symeonis Magistri et Logothetae Chronicon, ed. Staffan Wahlgren ( C S H B 44,1), Berlin 2006. Welt-Zeit. Christliche Weltchronistik aus zwei Jahrtausenden in Bestanden der Thiiringer Universitats- u n d Landesbibliothek Jena, ed. Martin Wallraff, Berlin 2005.

CONTENTS
Preface Introduction 1. I u l i u s A f r i c a n u s : T h e M a n a n d h i s W o r k 2. T h e Chronographiae: Character 3. T h e C h r o n o l o g i c a l System 4. T h e Text a n d its Transmission 4.1. 4.2. Eusebius Chronicles f r o m the A l e x a n d r i a n T r a d i t i o n Barbari Date a n d Place o f W r i t i n g , L i t e r a r y XVII XXIII XXIX XXXI XXXIV XXXV XXXVI XXXVIII XXXVIII XXXIX Salmasiana XL XLII XLIV XLIV XLVI XLVII XLIX XLIX XLIX L L LV LIX LXLX LXXIX LXXIX LXXXVII LXXXVIII 1 2 2 4 8 V XIII XIII

4 . 2 . 1 . P a n o d o r u s and A n n i a n u s 4.2.2. T h e Excerpta 4.3. 4.3.1. lohnMalalas 4.3.2. John o f A n t i o c h 4.3.3. A n o n y m o u s M a t e r i a l i n t h e Excerpta (Ps. John o f A n t i o c h ) 4.4. 4.5. Georgius Syncellus T h e Logothete C h r o n i c l e a n d Related Texts Chronicles f r o m the A n t i o c h e n e T r a d i t i o n

4 . 5 . 1 . S y m e o n Logothete 4.5.2. Ps. Symeon and C e d r e n u s 4.6. 4.7. Oriental Authors M i n o r A u t h o r s and Texts Paschale Matritensis

4 . 7 . 1 . Ps. Eustathius o f A n t i o c h 4.7.2. T h e Chronicon 4.7.3. T h e Anonymus 5. E a r l i e r E d i t i o n s 6. P r i n c i p l e s o f the E d i t i o n 7. B i b l i o g r a p h y Conspectus Siglorum Abbreviations 1. O p e r a i n apparatu adhibita 2. E d i t o r e s et Emendatores 3. C e t e r a I u l i u s A f r i c a n u s , Chronographiae Testimonia o n the Life o f I u l i u s A f r i c a n u s Tl A f r i c a n u s u n d e r Pertinax a n d Septimius Severus ( A D 193) . . . . T2 T3 Africanus' Mission on behalf o f Nicopolis A f r i c a n u s u n d e r G o r d i a n I I I ( A D 238-244)

X T4 T5

Contents

Contents

XI 92 94 96 98 100 124 128 130 132 138 146 146 148 164 168 170 170 174 178 178 180 182 186

Africanus under Decius ( A D 249-251) A f r i c a n u s as a C o n t e m p o r a r y o f O r i g e n o n G e n e r a l Aspects o f the Chronographiae

10 10 12 12 14 16 16 18 18 20 20 22 22 24 26 42 42 44 44 44 46 48 52 58 58 60 62 64 66 68 68 70 72 72 82 84 84 84 86 88 90 \

T 4 2 T h e Date o f the B u i l d i n g o f the Temple F43 T h e P r e - H i s t o r y o f Egypt F44 M e s t r e m , the Eponymous Father o f the Egyptians T 4 5 T h e Date o f the F l o o d a n d the D a t e o f A b r a h a m F46 D y n a s t i e s o f Egypt T 4 7 K i n g A m o s i s a n d Moses T 4 8 M o s e s a n d Inachus T 4 9 C h r o n o l o g y o f the Assyrian K i n g d o m F 5 0 T h e K i n g s o f the Argives F 5 1 T h e Rulers o f the Sicyonians T 5 2 F r o m Aeneas to the F o u n d a t i o n o f Rome F53 T h e K i n g s o f Rome F54 T h e Rulers o f the Athenians T 5 5 T h e C h r o n o l o g y of the Floods a m o n g the Greeks F56 A t l a s a n d Prometheus T 5 7 T h e Years f r o m Inachus to C e c r o p s F58 T h e K i n g s o f the Lacedaemonians F59 T h e K i n g s o f the C o r i n t h i a n s F60 T h e First Festival o f O l y m p i a n Zeus T 6 1 T h e K i n g s o f Thebes F62 T h e K i n g s o f the Medes F63 T h e K i n g s o f the Lydians F64 T h e D a t e o f the First O l y m p i a d M a t e r i a l f r o m B o o k s 4/5: F r o m the First O l y m p i a d to the E n d o f the Chronographiae F65 V i c t o r s i n the O l y m p i c Games F66 T h e P r o p h e t Jonah T 6 7 P e k a h i a h , K i n g o f Israel T 6 8 Pekah, K i n g o f Israel T 6 9 T h e E n d o f the N o r t h e r n K i n g d o m F70 Manasseh's Supplication a n d L i b e r a t i o n T 7 1 T h e H i g h Priest H i l k i a h F72 K i n g Jehoahaz and the F i r s t T r i b u t e F73 T h e K i n g s o f the Persians F74 C y r u s a n d the Samians T 7 5 T h e I d e n t i f i c a t i o n o f Cambyses a n d Nebuchadnezzar I I F76 T h e C h r o n o l o g y f r o m A d a m t o the Babylonian C a p t i v i t y T 7 7 D a n i e l a n d the C a p t i v i t y F78 T h e Seventy Weeks o f D a n i e l F79 Ezra the Priest T 8 0 A f r i c a n u s as a Source for p o s t - b i b l i c a l Jewish H i s t o r y F 8 1 T h e B e g i n n i n g o f the P e l o p o n n e s i a n W a r

Testimonia T6 T7 T8 T9 Til

Chronological Overview Jerome C h u r c h Historians i n Constantinople I s i d o r e o f Seville Photius

T 1 0 John M a l a l a s T 1 2 Suda T 1 3 M i c h a e l Syrus M a t e r i a l f r o m B o o k s 1/2: F r o m A d a m to Moses F14 The C r e a t i o n F l 5 T h e F a b r i c a t e d C h r o n o l o g y o f the Egyptians a n d the Chaldeans. F16 The Generations f r o m A d a m to Abraham T17 Adam's Tomb F18 Seth, t h e I n v e n t o r o f the H e b r e w A l p h a b e t F19 E n o s h , called b y the name of G o d F20 G o d ' s I m m a n e n c e F 2 1 Q u o t a t i o n f r o m the B o o k of Enoch F 2 2 T h e Years o f M e t h u s e l a h and the Names o f t h e Sons o f C a i n . . . F23 T h e C i r c u m s t a n c e s o f the F l o o d F24 T h e Pagan G o d s F25 F r o m t h e D i v i s i o n o f the E a r t h t o Abraham's M i g r a t i o n F 2 6 A b r a h a m i n E g y p t , Lot's L a n d a n d the D e a d Sea T 2 7 The T o p o n y m Gerar T 2 8 T h e C h r o n o l o g y o f Jacob's Life F 2 9 Jacob's T e n t F 3 0 T h e T e r e b i n t h Tree i n Shechem F 3 1 Job, t h e D e s c e n d a n t o f Esau T 3 2 T h e C h r o n o l o g y o f Joseph's Life F 3 3 T h e D a t e o f Joseph's D e a t h M a t e r i a l f r o m B o o k 3: F r o m Moses to the First O l y m p i a d F 3 4 S y n c h r o n i s m o f t h e Exodus a n d Ogygus F 3 5 T h e C h r o n o l o g y f r o m A d a m to Samuel T 3 6 S y n c h r o n i s m o f E h u d a n d the F l o o d o f D e u c a l i o n T 3 7 The FamUy o f Abimelech T 3 8 A b d o n the Judge T 3 9 T h e C h r o n o l o g y after Joshua T 4 0 T h e C h r o n o l o g y o f the Judges and the O n e - y e a r Rule o f Shamgar T 4 1 T h e C h r o n o l o g y f r o m the Exodus t o the B u i l d i n g o f the Temple

192 192 218 218 220 220 220 222 222 224 228 230 232 232 236 238 240 242

XII

Contents

F82 T h e K i n g s o f t h e Macedonians T 8 3 F r o m A d a m to Seleucus I F84 T h e J e w s u n d e r Greek D o m i n a t i o n F85 J o n a t h a n , S i m o n s son, the H i g h Priest F86 T h e P t o l e m i e s F87 T h e F a t h e r o f H e r o d T 8 8 A f r i c a n u s a n d the A r c h i v e o f Edessa F89 H e r o d a n d Cleopatra F90 O m i s s i o n s i n Jesus' Genealogy T91 T92 T h e A r r i v a l o f the M a g i The D a t e o f the Incarnation

244 250 252 252 254 258 260 262 270 274 274 276 290 290 290 292 292 292 294 297 297 297 299 328 348 348 350 351
1

INTRODUCTION 1. Iulius Africanus: The Man and his Work


E v e n b y the standards of t h e versatile social elite of the 3
rd

century, I u l i u s

A f r i c a n u s was n o t o n l y a v e r y intelligent m a n , h e was also a remarkably w e l l c o n n e c t e d figure. A C h r i s t i a n w i t h g o o d k n o w l e d g e o f Jewish culture, he was f l u e n t (at least) i n b o t h G r e e k a n d Latin, h a d interests i n v i r t u a l l y all fields o f h u m a n knowledge a n d possessed g o o d contacts w i t h various p o l i t i c a l leaders a l l over the w o r l d . F r o m t h e v i e w p o i n t o f the extant sources, Iulius Africanus is so m u l t i f a c e t e d that m o d e r n h i s t o r i o g r a p h y has even gone as far as to h y p o t h e s i z e t h a t there were a c t u a l l y t w o authors n a m e d A f r i c a n u s , one pagan, the o t h e r C h r i s t i a n . A l t h o u g h t h i s hypothesis has n o w b e e n abandoned for over a c e n t u r y , the m a n still r e m a i n s a n enigma. I n the t r a n s m i s s i o n o f his w o r k s , he is usually referred to quite s i m p l y b y h i s cognomen Cesti ,
3 1

F93 T h e P a s s i o n a n d Resurrection o f t h e Savior F94 T h e M i l l e n n i a l i s t F r a m e w o r k o f H i s t o r y F95 John t h e A p o s t l e i n Ephesus F96 A b g a r V I I I , K i n g o f Edessa F97 C l e m e n t o f A l e x a n d r i a F98 A f r i c a n u s ' J o u r n e y to A l e x a n d r i a T99 T h e E n d o f t h e Chronographiae F10O F i n a l D o x o l o g y Indices 1. I n d e x t e x t u u m a d h i b i t o r u m et l o c o r u m c i t a t o r u m 1.1. B i b l i a sacra 1.2. T e x t u s antiquitatis et m e d i i a e v i 2. I n d e x n o m i n u m p r o p r i o r u m 3. C o m p a r a t i o n u m e r o r u m 3.1. R o u t h 1 8 4 6 3.2. G a l l a n d i 1766 ( = PG 1 0 , 6 3 - 9 4 ) A p p e n d i x : T h e C h r o n o l o g i c a l System
2

AcppiKCtvoc,. T h a t b e i n g said, the nomen

gentilicium

'IouAtoc, is also
2

attested i n the t r a d i t i o n of h i s t w o m a i n w o r k s , viz. the Chronographiae

and the

a fact w h i c h w o u l d c e r t a i n l y be h a r d t o e x p l a i n i f we really were d e a l i n g Sextus. A t one p o i n t , the Suda refers t o h i m as AcppiKctvoc,, 6


4

w i t h t w o different authors. Less c o n v i n c i n g is t h e evidence for the c o n v e n t i o n a l praenomen Sextus,


ZEKTOC,

XpnuaTiaac. ( T 1 2 ) . Since t h e w o r d ZEKTOC, is n o t t h e n o r m a l transliteration o f scholars have e m e n d e d i t i n t o Eec/roc,. T h e f u l l n a m e "Sextus I u l i u s A f r i c a n u s " was once w i d e l y adopted (by the i n f l u e n t i a l Gelzer, amongst others, i n t h e title o f his b o o k ) , a n d i n d e e d i t is s o m e t i m e s still used, although recent scholarship does t e n d to a v o i d i t a n d r i g h d y so. T h e basis of just one reference i n a late and n o t o r i o u s l y imprecise source ( a n d even here the reading is p r o b l e m a t i c ) is p e r i l o u s l y w e a k .
5

D u e t o the character o f h i s w o r k , other h o n o r a r y

See the opinions quoted by Gelzer l,2f. O n Africanus' biography and profile, see Sickenberger 1918; Bardenhewer 1913-32, 2,263-271; Vieillefond 1970; Crehan 1977; Rampoldi 1981 and 1997; Winkelmann 2002; Adler 2004.

2 3

T 2 (Eusebius); T75b (Suda). In the explicit of two books: cestus 7 and 18 (cest. 1,20,66; 5,55); the second case is particularly interesting, because it is preserved on a papyrus dated to around 265 (cest. 5 = Pap. Oxy. 412), thus only one generation after the date of the writing of the Cesti.

E.g. Gelzer 1,1. This is apparently also the way in which the lexicographer himself understood the epithet (which he probably found in his source), see the variant ZetcToc. in Suda 856 (given in the third app. to T12). Cf. also Adler 2004,523, n. 18, who gives a few examples of papyri where SEKTOC, actually stands for Sextus.

A n alternative interpretation would be the transliteration of Latin sectus; Crehan 1977,635 translates "Africanus der Eunuch". Some scholars also suggest an emendation into KEOTOC, an analogy to Clement of Alexandria, author of the Stromata, who is sometimes called Zrpu)pateuq, see Vieillefond 1970,15.

XIV

Introduction

1. Iulius Africanus: The Man and his Work

XV

epithets c r o p u p i n the sources t o describe h i m , especially taTopioYp&cpoc a n d Xpovcypdcpoc, . I t is interesting t o note t h a t t h e a t t r i b u t i o n oo90c;/ao(parra-roc; is a near c o n s t a n t i n J o h n Malalas' C h r o n i c l e , b u t i t also occurs i n o t h e r w r i t e r s .
8 9 7

t h e same occasion, h e was able to acquire a c o p y o f the ancient b o o k w r i t t e n b y t h e p h a r a o h Suphis i n E g y p t " a colossal possession" (F46.54). I t w o u l d a p p e a r t h a t the r e - f o u n d a t i o n o f E m m a u s i n Palestine as a polis w i t h the name " N i c o p o l i s " was achieved t h a n k s to an initiative at the c o u r t o f the R o m a n e m p e r o r i n t h e early 220's p r e s i d e d over b y Africanus h i m s e l f ( T 2 ) . T h i s m a y o r m a y n o t m e a n that A f r i c a n u s was a resident o f N i c o p o l i s ( o r Palestine i n general) at t h a t t i m e . Nevertheless, his l i n k s to the t o w n were c e r t a i n l y p r o f o u n d a n d w e n t w e l l b e y o n d that o f any n o r m a l sightseer. A little later, we f i n d h i m i n R o m e at t h e c o u r t o f A l e x a n d e r Severus, where he was e n t r u s t e d w i t h the task o f i n s t i t u t i n g (ctpxiTEKTOVEiv) the l i b r a r y o f the Pantheon.
15

T h e C h u r c h h i s t o r i a n Socrates o f C o n s t a n t i n o p l e cites C l e m e n t o f A l e x a n d r i a , A f r i c a n u s a n d O r i g e n i n this o r d e r ( T 8 a ) as i m p o r t a n t "ancient" C h r i s t i a n w r i t e r s ( i . e . p r e - C o n s t a n t i n i a n ) . T h i s l i s t i n g n o t o n l y expresses the h i g h esteem f o r A f r i c a n u s , b u t one m i g h t p r e s u m e also, the c o r r e c t c h r o n o l o g i c a l sequence. I n f a c t , C l e m e n t was b o r n i n c. 1 4 0 - 1 5 0 , O r i g e n was b o r n a r o u n d 185, a n d A f r i c a n u s m u s t have c o m e s o m e w h e r e i n between, perhaps a r o u n d 170. U n f o r t u n a t e l y , t h i s is all that can be s a i d w i t h any degree o f certainty. T h e l i t e r a r y a c t i v i t y o f A f r i c a n u s is attested f r o m the early 220s u p t o the 240's (see b e l o w ) , w h i c h i m p l i e s that he was y o u n g e r t h a n C l e m e n t ; however, since h e calls O r i g e n i n a l e t t e r KUpiE uou Kai u i e ,
10

W h a t e v e r that m i g h t m e a n , i t

m u s t have been q u i t e a prestigious post i n the society o f the capital. G i v e n such a h i g h p r o f i l e p o s i t i o n , i t is h i g h l y plausible that A f r i c a n u s w a s w e l l - a c q u a i n t e d w i t h L a t i n . M o s t likely, his m o t h e r tongue was Greek, t h e language i n w h i c h his w o r k s are w r i t t e n . M o r e o v e r , he c e r t a i n l y k n e w s o m e H e b r e w , and p r o b a b l y q u i t e well, since he m e n t i o n s t h e measure K&(3OC, ( f r o m t h e H e b r e w 2p) as a n equivalent o f the Greek K o y y i o v , a d d i n g that i t was u s e d b y "us."
16

h e m u s t have been o l d e r t h a n the f a m o u s


11

A l e x a n d r i a n t h e o l o g i a n . T h i s letter is p r e s u m a b l y his last w o r k , b u t u n f o r t u nately i t c a n o n l y be loosely dated to t h e 2 4 0 s nus post quem a n d i t represents t h e o n l y termi w e have f o r A f r i c a n u s ' d e a t h . I t m a y be t h a t he was s t i l l alive

u n d e r D e c i u s ( 2 4 9 - 2 5 1 ) , a l t h o u g h a n o t e o f Symeon L o g o t h e t e t o t h i s effect ( T 4 ) is o f d u b i o u s credibility. T h e l i f e s t o r y o f A f r i c a n u s was c e r t a i n l y b o t h interesting a n d eventful, a l t h o u g h w e a r e o n l y able t o glean s n i p p e t s o f it f r o m his o w n w r i t i n g s . W e first f i n d h i m i n Edessa, at t h e c o u r t o f k i n g A b g a r V I I I o f Osrhoene, for w h o m he a p p a r e n t l y h a d m u c h a d m i r a t i o n ( F 9 6 ) a n d w h o s e son he h e l p e d t o educate. I t was h e r e t h a t h e came i n t o c o n t a c t w i t h t h e fascinating i n t e l l e c t u a l Bardesanes (cest. 1,20), i n w h o m he m a y have f o u n d a congenial t h i n k e r a n d source o f i n s p i r a t i o n . A l l t h i s m u s t have o c c u r r e d s o m e t i m e before 2 1 6 .
12

This c o u l d be t a k e n t o i m p l y that H e b r e w was his first language. M o r e

likely, however, is t h a t he spoke a f o r m o f Greek w h i c h was c u r r e n t i n Palestine a n d w h i c h was o p e n t o Semitic influences. H e also used his k n o w l e d g e o f Hebrew's l i n g u i s t i c structures for his exegetical a r g u m e n t a t i o n i n the l e t t e r t o Origen.
1 7

G i v e n h i s role at the c o u r t o f Edessa, i t is n o t impossible that he k n e w


18

s o m e Syriac as w e l l , a l t h o u g h this cannot be p r o v e d .

Africanus was c e r t a i n l y b o t h a p o l y g l o t a n d a p o l y m a t h a n d the m a n m a y w e l l have been as e q u a l l y m u l t i f a c e t e d i n his d a i l y life; even his religious beliefs are d i f f i c u l t to p i n d o w n . T h e r e are g o o d reasons for b e l i e v i n g that he was a R o m a n citizen a n d t h a t h e h a d some sort o f Palestinian b a c k g r o u n d . O f t h e places already m e n t i o n e d , Palestine is clearly p r o m i n e n t . I n a d d i t i o n , the D e a d Sea a n d N i c o p o l i s ( E m m a u s ) crop u p a n d he m a y also have seen the t e r e b i n t h tree at Shechem ( F 3 0 ) . M o r e interestingly, o n one occasion he speaks o f A e l i a C a p i t o l i n a , the R o m a n n a m e o f Jerusalem, as "the o l d h o m e (f| dpxctia Ttatptc;)" (cest. 5,51). T h i s c e r t a i n l y expresses a p a r t i c u l a r e m o t i o n a l l i n k t o Palestine a n d Jerusalem, a l t h o u g h i t is d i f f i c u l t to establish exactly w h a t the author m e a n t b y t h i s phrase. It m i g h t m e a n a general i d e n t i f i c a t i o n w i t h Jerusalem as a " s p i r i t u a l h o m e " for all Jews ( a n d perhaps even C h r i s t i a n s ) .
19

I t was here also

that h e m i g h t have seen w h a t was alleged to have been the t e n t o f Jacob, v e n e r a t e d i n Edessa a n d later d e s t r o y e d ( F 2 9 ) . O n his travels h e saw m o u n t A r a r a t i n A r m e n i a (referred t o as P a r t h i a , F23) a n d also v i s i t e d A p a m e i a i n S o u t h e r n P h r y g i a , f o r m e r l y Celaenae ( F 2 3 ) . H e was acquainted w i t h t h e D e a d Sea ( F 2 6 ) a n d was also f a m i l i a r w i t h t h e l i b r a r y o f Nysa i n C a r i a (cest. 5,52).
14 13

Later, h e m a d e a t r i p to A l e x a n d r i a , w h e r e h e m e t Heraclas ( F 9 8 ) . Possibly o n

I t seems m o r e l i k e l y ,

6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14

F100 (Basil o f Caesarea). T10; F54f; T 6 1 ; F95 (Malalas); F97 (app., Cedr.). F51b;F54f; F58b; T61; F74; F95. T i b (app.); F 2 4 (app.); F53; F97; all belong to the Logothete tradition. ep. Orig. (78,2 Reichardt). See below note 22. Vieillefond 1970,18. T h e edifice has been recently excavated by Prof. Dr. Volker Michael Strocka (University of Freiburg, G e r m a n y ) . T h i s is n o r m a l l y dated to a phase in which Heraclas replaced Origen as the head of the famous catechetical school (i.e. after 215); see Winkelmann 2002,510. However, it may also have been

however, that A f r i c a n u s was actually r e f e r r i n g t o his o w n h o m e t o w n , w h i c h

much earlier, even before Heraclas' conversion to Christianity, since Eusebius in his text does not give any specific Christian motivation for the trip. 15 16 17 18 19 cest. 5,53f; see Harnack 1921. cest. 4,55 (if the text is considered genuine). ep.Orig. (79,13-15 Reichardt); see also the Hebrew etymology in F16d. A text in the Cesti points in that direction: the Syriac name of a serpent is given as (3a9avr)pa8d (cest. 1,2,119). Vieillefond 1970,41f argued that Africanus must have been a Jew.

XVI

Introduction

2. T h e Chronographiae; Date and Place of Writing, Literary Character

X V I I

s t r o n g l y suggests that he c o u l d n o t have been a Jew, since, f r o m the t i m e o f H a d r i a n , the Jews h a d b e e n b a n n e d f r o m A e l i a C a p i t o l i n a .


20

chronicle. O c c a s i o n a l l y texts have been falsely attributed to A f r i c a n u s .

These

i n c l u d e a Syriac f r a g m e n t dealing w i t h t h e appearance o f Moses a n d E l i j a h ( C P G 1695), p a r t s o f the account o f an "inter-religious dialogue" at the P e r s i a n court,
23

W h a t e v e r t h e case m a y be, i t is i n t e r e s t i n g t o note t h a t A f r i c a n u s actually refers t o H e b r e w w o r d s as " o u r " w a y o f speaking (K&|3OC;, see above). Indeed, w h e n q u o t i n g H e r o d o t u s b y h e a r t he a u t o m a t i c a l l y replaces A p d f h o i (here u n d e r s t o o d i n a b r o a d sense o f "Easterners") w i t h "those near us ( o i Ttap' r)uiv)" (cest. 7,5) a n d he speaks o f Jerusalem as the " o l d home". O n the other hand, his R o m a n a f f i l i a t i o n s are i m p o s s i b l e t o i g n o r e : he uses t h e L a t i n n a m e o f the city, he publishes u n d e r a L a t i n n a m e a n d i n c e r t a i n c i r c u m s t a n c e s he identifies h i m self w i t h the R o m a n s , u s i n g "us" t o d i s t i n g u i s h h i m s e l f f r o m the Persians (cest. l , l , 4 f ) . W h a t m i g h t seem at f i r s t sight to be a c o n t r a d i c t i o n o u g h t perhaps to be seen as an e x p r e s s i o n o f a m u l t i p l e c u l t u r a l a n d r e l i g i o u s i d e n t i t y w h i c h was possible a n d e v e n desirable i n t h e u p p e r echelons o f s o c i e t y i n the Severan age. A s regards his alleged C h r i s t i a n i t y , it has always p u z z l e d scholars h o w his Cesti s h o w s n o p r o - C h r i s t i a n l e a n i n g s whatsoever. H o w e v e r , since o n l y 10% o r less o f a l e n g t h y w o r k o f 24 b o o k s has c o m e d o w n t o us, i t is clear that a l l a r g u m e n t s o n t h i s issue are e x t r e m e l y d i f f i c u l t to substantiate. Even o n the basis o f the few s u r v i v i n g segments, i t is clear that the w o r k , w h i c h was dedicated to A l e x a n d e r Severus ( T 2 d ) , d i d n o t have any a i m i n s u p p o r t i n g one religious t r a d i t i o n or a n o t h e r , o r i n d e e d o f a t t a c k i n g one faith t o ingratiate the other. Even i f i t is t r u e t h a t the s u r v i v i n g f r a g m e n t s o f the Cesti d o n o t reveal any hints o f J e w i s h o r C h r i s t i a n f a i t h , i t is also t r u e that t h e y attest n o anti-Jewish o r a n t i C h r i s t i a n s e n t i m e n t s . O f course, a reader steeped i n a n y p r o f o u n d o r t h o d o x creed m i g h t f i n d o t h e r w i s e . T h e Cesti is usually d a t e d t o b e t w e e n 227 a n d 2 3 1 , t h a t is to say after t h e
2 1

a t e x t r e f e r r e d to as the Passio Symphorosae

i n certain m a n u s c r i p t s
25

24

and

a large n u m b e r o f quotations f r o m a c o l l e c t i o n o f Byzantine a g r i c u l t u r a l t e x t s the Geoponicathe analysis o f w h i c h is s t i l l o n g o i n g .

2. The

Chronographiae:

Date and Place ofWriting, Literary Character


Iulius A f r i c a n u s w r o t e his chronicle i n the early 220's, most p r o b a b l y i n t h e s u m m e r o r e a r l y a u t u m n o f the year 2 2 1 . T h i s date, w h i c h represents the e n d o f his h i s t o r i c a l a c c o u n t , is c o n f i r m e d b y v a r i o u s independent texts a n d b y v a r i o u s forms o f d a t i n g . P h o t i u s for example says that the entire c h r o n o l o g y c o v e r e d a p e r i o d o f 5723 years ( T l l , 7 ) , w h i c h w o u l d correspond to A D 2 2 1 / 2 2 . f o l l o w i n g dates: 0 1 . 250, w h i c h was h e l d i n the s u m m e r o f 221 the n a m e s o f t h e consuls for the year 2 2 1 the t h i r d year o f Elagabalus, w h i c h runs either f r o m M a y 220 to M a y 2 2 1 , or, c o u n t i n g i n c o m p l e t e Roman years, t h e w h o l e o f 221. The last piece o f evidence comes f r o m t h e text w h i c h deals w i t h the d a t i n g o f C h r i s t ( F 9 3 ) . A c c o r d i n g to Africanus, his parousia
th 26

In

a d d i t i o n , t h e c o m p l e x s y n c h r o n i s m f o u n d w i t h i n F54d provides us w i t h t h e

occured i n A M 5 5 3 1 , effecti

vely 192 years b e f o r e t h e 2 5 0 O l y m p i a d (F93.109). This w o u l d again lead t o the year g i v e n b y P h o t i u s : A M 5723 = A D 221/22. A l l t r a n s m i t t e d dates, therefore, coincide w i t h t h e year 221 and p r o b a b l y s o m e t i m e d u r i n g the second h a l f o f it. T e c h n i c a l l y s p e a k i n g , the e n d o f the h i s t o r i c a l account w o u l d o n l y be a terminus post quern f o r the t i m e o f w r i t i n g . However, there are several reasons w h y i t seems u n l i k e l y that m u c h t i m e elapsed between that date a n d t h e e n d o f

c o n s t r u c t i o n o f the baths o f A l e x a n d e r Severus i n R o m e a n d before the latter s v i c t o r y over t h e Persians i n 2 3 1 ; a l o n g w i t h the Chronographiae it forms the m a i n w o r k o f A f r i c a n u s . I n a d d i t i o n , t w o letters have b e e n preserved, b o t h o f w h i c h are v e r y learned a n d b o t h o f w h i c h c o n t a i n exegetical m a t e r i a l . O n e is addressed t o a c e r t a i n A r i s t i d e s a n d discusses t h e genealogies o f Christ; i t c a n n o t be d a t e d ( C P G 1693). T h e o t h e r is a letter t o O r i g e n , d e a l i n g w i t h t h e s t o r y o f Susanna, p r e s e r v e d i n t h e b o o k o f D a n i e l ( C P G 1692). Origen's answer has also c o m e d o w n to us, a l t h o u g h the correspondence can o n l y vaguely be d a t e d to t h e 2 4 0 s .
22

23 24 25

Degestis in Perside, C P G 6968; see Bratke 1899,51. B H L 7971; see Ruinart 1859,70. It is clear that the work contains both genuine and spurious material. The brief remarks of Vieillefond 1970,69f are not all that can be said on the issue. However, whatever is genuine most likely comes from the Cesfi. Calculated with the standard equation, according to which Africanus' years "from Adam" begin in 5502/01 B C (established since Petau 1627, shared by many others, inter alia Finegan 1998, 154-160, see Mosshammer 2006,84). This consensus is challenged by Mosshammer 2006, who suggests a beginning in 5501/00 BC and thus comes to the equation A M 5723 = A D 222/23. His reconstruction, which is based on a new interpretation of the intricate text F93, creates more problems than it solves, especially in conjunction with the evidence of F54d (see above in the main text). T h e information given by Photius, that A M 5723 was in the reign of Macrinus (217218), is in any case faulty.

T h e r e m a y also have been a w o r k c a l l e d n s p i (38oud5a)v

( F 9 3 , 1 0 2 f ) d e a l i n g w i t h the i n t e r p r e t a t i o n o f the s e v e n t y weeks i n the b o o k o f D a n i e l a n d t h u s perhaps s o m e sort o f precursor t o c e r t a i n elements o f the

26 20 21 22 This is the communis opinio of most recent authors, see Crehan 1977,635; Rampoldi 1981,74; Winkelmann 2002,509; Adler 2004,521f. Vieillefond 1970,60-64. It used to be dated to 240 (Reichardt 1909,65), but de Lange 1983,498-501 rightly pointed out that there is not much evidence to support this dating. He suggests 248, but his arguments are also weak.

XVIII

Introduction

2. The Chronographiae: Date and Place of Writing, Literary Character

XIX

its r e d a c t i o n a n d p u b l i c a t i o n . I n F 9 3 , 8 4 f A f r i c a n u s says that after the

Passion

e l a b o r a t i n g the m a t e r i a l . T h e e n d o f T 6 c o u l d also be t a k e n as a sign o f an earlier r e d a c t i o n , a l t h o u g h t h e evidence remains w e a k . T h e oldest sources call t h e w o r k xpovoypaqncu,
30 29

a n d R e s u r r e c t i o n o f C h r i s t "nearly 200 years have elapsed up t o o u r time". These years w o u l d s e e m t o c o i n c i d e m o r e o r less w i t h t h e a b o v e - m e n t i o n e d 192 years, a n d i n any c a s e t h e y leave v e r y few years f o r t h e r e d a c t i o n o f the w o r k after A D 2 2 1 . M o r e e v i d e n c e comes f r o m the O l y m p i c v i c t o r list. T h e list ends w i t h t h e w i n n e r o f O l . 2 4 9 , t h a t is to say w i t h t h e games h e l d i n the s u m m e r o f 217 (F65.399). I f t h e w o r k h a d b e e n f i n i s h e d m u c h after 2 2 1 , A f r i c a n u s w o u l d p r o b a b l y h a v e a d d e d t h e name o f the w i n n e r o f 0 1 . 250, h e l d i n t h e s u m m e r o f that year. I t m a y be t h a t he finished his w o r k d u r i n g the s u m m e r / a u t u m n o f 2 2 1 , before he w a s a b l e t o l e a r n the n a m e o f its w i n n e r . Finally, i f 2 2 1 was n o t i n fact the t i m e o f w r i t i n g , i t w o u l d be v e r y d i f f i c u l t t o e x p l a i n w h y t h e h i s t o r i c a l account stops i n t h a t year. There is n o t the slightest h i n t t h a t A f r i c a n u s c o n s i d e r e d t h i s p a r t i c u l a r year i n any w a y i m p o r t a n t f o r t h e general c o u r s e o f h i s t o r y . It is n o t a n e p o c h a l year a n d " n o t h i n g o u t o f the i n i t (nor, for t h a t m a t t e r , i n the w h o l e o f t h e p e r i o d
2 7

that is t o say a " d e s c r i p t i o n


31

o f time", as Syriac a n d A r m e n i a n authors r i g h t l y translate.

The

expression xd

c o u l d thus be c o n s i d e r e d t h e m o s t likely f o r m o f the o r i g i n a l title, a l t h o u g h occasionally o t h e r titles are also attested, such as icrtopiKOV (Photius: T i l ) , ioTopiKd (Syncellus: T 6 4 e ) , i o t o p i a (anonymous: F14a), T 6 xpovoYpcupelov ( A n n i a n u s : T 3 9 b ) o r td xpoviKd (Eusebius: T2a; John C h r y s o s t o m : F90a). T h e fact t h a t Basil o f Caesarea speaks o f t h e ETtiTour) t h e Chronographiae
T<I>V

x p o v w v (F100) suggests t h a t

also existed i n an e p i t o m i z e d f o r m . T h i s t h e o r y appears t o

b e e n d o r s e d b y Syncellus, w h o at one p o i n t actually quotes A f r i c a n u s E V ertiT6(ia) (F89,2) a n d furnishes a h e a v i l y - a b r i d g e d text w h i c h is barely u n d e r s t a n d a b l e . Nevertheless, the e v i d e n c e for the existence o f an e p i t o m i z e d v e r s i o n o f t h e w h o l e w o r k is i n s u f f i c i e n t . I t m i g h t be m o r e p r u d e n t t o assume that c e r t a i n passages were detached f o r c i r c u l a t i o n and were q u o t e d i n a b r i d g e d versions. A s u s e d b y Syncellus, the w o r d 7UTouri m i g h t also s i m p l y refer t o a style o f h i s t o r i o g r a p h y whose b r o a d c h r o n o l o g i c a l scope p r e c l u d e d i n - d e p t h analysis. T h e sources g e n e r a l l y agree o n the fact that t h e w h o l e c h r o n i c l e consisted o f five books, w h i c h leads us t o believe that the w o r k i n its e n t i r e t y was o f q u i t e a considerable size. J u d g i n g b y the b o o k lengths o f later C h u r c h histories (Euse b i u s a n d his successors), i t can be s u r m i s e d that t h e s u r v i v i n g parts o f the c h r o n i c l e represent o n l y a s m a l l p a r t o f the w h o l e w o r k . A l t h o u g h this is d i f f i c u l t t o estimate, i t is reasonable t o suppose that no m o r e t h a n 1020% o f the entire t e x t has b e e n preserved. I n a l l l i k e l i h o o d , the o v e r a l l s t r u c t u r e o f the w o r k w a s c h r o n o l o g i c a l , i.e. t h e five b o o k s corresponded t o five consecutive p e r i o d s o f h i s t o r y . T h e s u b d i v i s i o n w a s n o t according t o sections have been some s o r t o f a p p e n d i x w i t h one o r m o r e tables. i n different l i t e r a r y
33 32

ordinary" happened

f o l l o w i n g t h e d e a t h o f C h r i s t , F 9 3 . 8 5 ) . T h e m o s t l o g i c a l hypothesis, t h e r e f o r e , is t h a t A f r i c a n u s finished a n d p u b l i s h e d h i s w o r k i n 2 2 1 .

W h i l e t h e t i m e o f w r i t i n g can be d e t e r m i n e d w i t h a relatively h i g h degree o f certainty, n o t h i n g is k n o w n a b o u t t h e place o f w r i t i n g . As has b e e n s a i d i n the p r e v i o u s s e c t i o n , A f r i c a n u s was a c o s m o p o l i t e , w h o was able t o v i s i t a n d reside i n n u m e r o u s places. W e k n o w t h a t he " i n s t i t u t e d " the l i b r a r y near the P a n t h e o n i n Rome (cest. 5,53f), although this w i l l graphiae certain. I t has b e e n "editions".
28

have b e e n after 2 2 1 . T h e

Chrono

m u s t have b e e n w r i t t e n i n a p l a c e w h e r e the author h a d access t o a

g o o d l i b r a r y ; t h i s c o u l d have b e e n R o m e , b u t t h e r e is n o w a y o f k n o w i n g f o r

h y p o t h e s i z e d t h a t t h e Chronographiae

was p u b l i s h e d i n t w o

T h e t h e o r y is based o n a passage i n w h i c h Syncellus speaks o f a

characters (section o f prose, s e c t i o n o f tables, o r the l i k e ) , a l t h o u g h there m a y T h a t b e i n g said, i t seems u n l i k e l y that t h e m a t e r i a l was organized i n such a w a y t h a t the n a r r a t i v e r e m a i n e d d i s t i n c t f r o m t h e n u m b e r s and the tables, or t h a t there was a d i v i s i o n i n t o a h i s t o r i c a l a c c o u n t a n d a s y n o p t i c "canon-table" as f o u n d i n Eusebius.

SEUTepa SKSOCUC, AcppixavoO ( F 4 6 . 3 3 ) . H o w e v e r , t o surmise the existence o f t w o e d i t i o n s o n t h i s basis alone w o u l d be i m p r u d e n t t o say the least. T h e r e are i n fact m o r e l o g i c a l ways o f u n d e r s t a n d i n g t h i s phrase (see note a d l o c ) . T h a t b e i n g said, i t is also t r u e that t h e p r e s e r v e d m a t e r i a l contains traces o f earlier strata t h a n t h a t o f the final v e r s i o n o f 2 2 1 . T h e h e a d i n g o f the O l y m p i c v i c t o r l i s t sets o u t a catalogue o f names e x t e n d i n g as far as 0 1 . 247 ( = A D 2 0 9 - 1 3 , i.e. t h e r e i g n o f C a r a c a l l a , whose n a m e is also g i v e n , F65,42f.397). B u t the a c t u a l list goes f u r t h e r , u p t o O l . 249 i n fact. T h i s s h o u l d n o t be i n t e r p r e t e d as a t r a c e o f a first ( p u b l i s h e d ) v e r s i o n , b u t r a t h e r t h e r e s u l t o f a l o n g process o f c o l l e c t i n g a n d

29

The text speaks of 184 years after the Resurrection (T6.21). This would lead to the year A M 5716 = A D 214/15 ( A M 5532 + 184 = A M 5716), under Caracalla. However, the names given immediately before are totally confused and in any case do not coincide with the reign of Caracalla. Moricaviti probably comes from Marcus Avitus, which would be Elagabalus. Alexandri could be Alexander Severus.

30 31 32 27 28 T h i s dating is shared and accepted by most scholars; see inter alia Gelzer l,50f; Winkelmann 2002,511; Burgess 2006,40. See discussion in Gelzer l,29f. 33

Eusebius: T3,5; T41.6; introductory formulations (fourth app.) to F34.1; F93.22; John of Scythopolis: F20;T93a. See also Gelzer l,26f. Syriac: T13b; Armenian: T80c; similarly Jerome in Latin: T7b,6 (Africanus temporum scriptor). Eusebius: T3a; Jerome: T2b; Paschale Campanum: T92; Photius: T i l , see also the references to books 1-5 below. T 6 might reflect such an appendix; see below, pp. X X V I f. T39a,7f could imply that at the end of the fifth book controversial issues were discussed.

XX

Introduction

2. The Chronographiae: Date and Place of Writing, Literary Character

XXI

A s f o r i t s l i t e r a r y character, t h e preserved m a t e r i a l reveals a v a r i e t y o f styles, i n c l u d i n g s t r a i g h t f o r w a r d lists (e.g. t h e lists o f k i n g s , see b e l o w p p . X X X V I f ) , a n n o t a t e d l i s t s (e.g. F89, see 11.18.38.58.66) a n d discourse o r n a r r a t i v e prose (e.g. F34, F 9 3 ) . I t is reasonable t o s u p p o s e that t h e m a t e r i a l t h a t has b e e n lost was also p r e s e n t e d i n the same way. T h e perusal o f such i n t e r m i n a b l e tables a n d texts m u s t h a v e been tedious i n t h e e x t r e m e . Nevertheless, t h e y offered reliable i n f o r m a t i o n w h i c h w o u l d have b e e n o t h e r w i s e d i f f i c u l t to f i n d i n one place m a y b e t h i s is another reason w h y t h e w o r k was so w i d e l y u s e d a n d w h y i t has n o t s u r v i v e d as a whole. I f t h e f i v e books c o r r e s p o n d t o five consecutive p e r i o d s o f history, the q u e s t i o n arises as to where the d e m a r c a t i o n p o i n t s a c t u a l l y were. U n f o r t u n a t e l y , t h e s t r u c t u r e c a n n o t be e n t i r e l y r e c o n s t r u c t e d a n d therefore t h e a t t r i b u t i o n o f i n d i v i d u a l f r a g m e n t s t o p a r t i c u l a r b o o k s remains i n m a n y cases u n c e r t a i n .
34

apologetic contexts, t h e t r u t h o f the C h r i s t i a n message depended above a l l o n the age o f its d o c t r i n e .


3 6

A s a consequence, the c h r o n o l o g i c a l relationship t h a t

existed between M o s e s a n d Plato, or o f t h a t b e t w e e n Moses a n d H o m e r , a l r e a d y attracted a c e r t a i n l e v e l o f interest. T h e o p h i l u s o f A n t i o c h a n d C l e m e n t o f A l e x a n d r i a p u s h e d t h e argument even f u r t h e r , a f f i r m i n g the existence o f a historical c o n t i n u u m t h a t went f r o m c r e a t i o n r i g h t up to the present d a y . b e y o n d w h i c h n o h i s t o r y c o u l d be conceived. T h e apologetic t r a d i t i o n i n general, a n d T h e o p h i l u s a n d C l e m e n t i n p a r t i cular, represent t h e m o s t i m p o r t a n t C h r i s t i a n antecedents to the Chronographiae o f Africanus. T h a t b e i n g said, his w o r k is m u c h m o r e than just a s i m p l e c o n t i n u a t i o n o f this t r a d i t i o n . To w r i t e five tomes o f historical miscellanea w o u l d have been far t o o m u c h o f an u n d e r t a k i n g , i f i t was meant just to m a k e a p o i n t that i n p r i n c i p l e h a d already been m a d e b y p r e v i o u s authors w i t h a great d e a l less effort. I n fact, a l m o s t n o trace o f any c o n t r o v e r s i a l theological t h i n k i n g c a n be f o u n d i n any o f t h e preserved f r a g m e n t s ,
38 37

In

such a way, C h r i s t i a n roots were traced b a c k to the remotest possible p o i n t ,

For

b o o k 3, o u r k n o w l e d g e is r e l a t i v e l y g o o d , b o t h for the q u a n t i t y o f material a n d for t h e c h r o n o l o g i c a l l i m i t s . T h e l o n g discussion o f the s y n c h r o n i s m between t h e E x o d u s a n d Ogygus o f A t h e n s ( F 3 4 ) m u s t have been p l a c e d at the b e g i n n i n g of this b o o k .
3 5

a n d i t is clear that a w o r k o f s u c h

T h e s y n c h r o n i s m b e t w e e n the first O l y m p i a d a n d t h e first year o f

dimensions c o u l d o n l y have been w r i t t e n b y someone w i t h a genuine s c h o l a r l y interest i n h i s t o r i o g r a p h y . I n this sense, the a p p r o a c h o f Africanus m i g h t best b e t e r m e d as scientific, t h e i m p l i c a t i o n b e i n g t h a t h i s interest i n precise h i s t o r i c a l k n o w l e d g e was m a i n l y for the sake o f k n o w l e d g e . The C h r i s t i a n character o f his w o r k is clear, especially given the i m p o r t a n c e a t t r i b u t e d to the date o f the I n c a r n a t i o n i n A M 5500 and the detailed d i s c u s s i o n c o n c e r n i n g the date o f the C r u c i f i x i o n a n d Resurrection o f C h r i s t ( F 9 3 ) . N e v e r theless, i t w o u l d b e a mistake to t r y a n d reduce t h e Chronographiae to a purely apologetic w o r k . I n t h e same way, there is n o trace o f any interest i n c h i l i a s t i c o r anti-chiliastic t h o u g h t , a l t h o u g h A f r i c a n u s m u s t have been aware o f these currents a n d o f t h e possible impact his system h a d for this sort o f debate (see also below p. X X V I I I ) . H e i n r i c h G e l z e r was i n d u b i t a b l y r i g h t i n c a l l i n g Africanus the "father o f Christian chronography".
39

A h a z is also m e n t i o n e d i n t h i s b o o k , a l t h o u g h i t is t a k e n u p a g a i n i n b o o k 4 ( T 6 4 e ) . I t s e e m s plausible to assume, therefore, t h a t b o o k 3 e x t e n d e d f r o m the E x o d u s t o t h e first O l y m p i a d . B o o k 4 w o u l d t h e n o p e n w i t h t h e p e r i o d i n w h i c h G r e e k c h r o n o l o g y becomes firmly established o n the basis o f O l y m p i a d s . B o o k 5 m u s t h a v e started at the latest w i t h the I n c a r n a t i o n : t h e genealogy o f Jesus ( F 9 0 a , l f ) , h i s Passion a n d R e s u r r e c t i o n (F93, app. to 1. 2 2 ; T 9 3 a ) , and a final d o x o l o g y ( F 1 0 0 ) are all attested f o r t h i s b o o k . U n f o r t u n a t e l y , t h e l i m i t s between b o o k 4 a n d 5 cannot be d e f i n e d a n y m o r e precisely t h a n t h i s . T h e same applies f o r t h e h i s t o r y dealing w i t h t h e p e r i o d f r o m A d a m to M o s e s , i.e. b o o k s 1 a n d 2. B o o k 1 m i g h t have finished w i t h t h e d i v i s i o n o f t h e earth i n A M 2661 or w i t h t h e d e a t h o f Peleg i n A M 3000, b u t t h i s is n o m o r e t h a n a s u p p o s i t i o n . T h e l i t e r a r y character o f A f r i c a n u s ' c h r o n o l o g y is e q u a l l y d i f f i c u l t t o deter m i n e , p a r t i c u l a r l y since the a u t h o r d i d n o t adhere to a n y established genre. I n d e e d , h i s w o r k is h i g h l y i n n o v a t i v e i n a n u m b e r o f ways, possessing varied a n d f a r - f l u n g r o o t s . T h e c h r o n i c l e m i g h t be considered a r e n d i t i o n a n d re-adapta t i o n o f H e l l e n i s t i c universal h i s t o r i o g r a p h y , f o u n d e d i n a C h r i s t i a n theological f r a m e w o r k , w i t h a p a r t i c u l a r bias f o r Jewish history. A s e a r l y as the second c e n t u r y , h i s t o r i c a l debates w e r e b e c o m i n g increasingly i m p o r t a n t w i t h i n learned C h r i s t i a n circles. Such a r g u m e n t s n o t o n l y c o n c e r n e d the h i s t o r y o f C h r i s t i a n i t y i t s e l f ( w h i c h was d i s a p p o i n t i n g l y n e w anyway) b u t also its o l d e r Jewish roots. I n

T h e Chronographiae

was a b e n c h m a r k a n d as such i t

w e n t o n to b e c o m e a m o d e l for the n e w genre o f C h r i s t i a n chronicles. H e n c e f o r t h , all later c h r o n i c l e r s i m p l i c i t l y or e x p l i c i t l y had to take account o f t h i s work.
4 0

T h i s is e s p e c i a l l y t r u e o f Eusebius w h o s e w o r k is based u p o n A f r i c a n u s

to a m u c h h i g h e r degree t h a n one m i g h t i n i t i a l l y suppose.

36 37

See Droge 1989 and Pilhofer 1990 on early Christian construction of the beginnings of history and its theological value. Theoph. A n t , Autol. 3,16-28; Clem. Alex., str. 1,21,101-147. O n the origins of Christian universal history, see Croke 1983 and Wallraff 2004 and 2005. For Africanus' Christian predecessors, see Gelzer 1,19-24.

34

T h e discussion that follows takes account of whatever is known about Africanus' subdivision of the Chronographiae into five books and the original placement of individual excerpts in them 38 39 40 (for T 3 9 a see previous note); see also Gelzer 1,27-29.

An exception would be the polemic against the Marcionites in F93,104-106. Gelzer 1,1. See Croke 1990,32f., Wallraff 2004,161-166.

35

Attested by Syncellus, text in the fourth app. to F34,71; see also the more general formulations i n the app. to U. 1.38.104.

XXII

Introduction

3. The Chronological System

XXIII

Nevertheless, t h e H e l l e n i s t i c roots o f A f r i c a n u s ' h i s t o r i o g r a p h y s h o u l d a l ways b e b o r n e i n m i n d .


4 1

based o n a sort o f c r i t i c i s m o f m y t h , r e c a l l i n g b o t h the euhemeristic t r a d i t i o n a n d t h e i n t e r p r e t a t i o n o f Palaephatus. A c c o r d i n g to the t r a d i t i o n a l c r i t e r i o n o f autopsy, A f r i c a n u s occasionally refers i n his narrative to his o w n personal e x p e riences (e.g. F23,18-20; F29). F r o m these texts i t can be i n f e r r e d that at least some parts o f the Chronographiae were c o m p o s e d not o n l y as a strict c h r o n o was m u c h m o r e l o g i c a l account, b u t also as a h i s t o r y w h i c h was designed t o i n c l u d e d e s c r i p t i o n s o f n a t u r a l p h e n o m e n a and exotic places. T h e Chronographiae actually t r i e d to e n t e r t a i n his readers.
47 46

A t the b e g i n n i n g o f F 3 4 , w h i c h was p r o b a b l y t h e p r e

face t o b o o k 3, he gives a fascinating i n s i g h t i n t o h i s role as an i n t e r m e d i a r y o f the Jewish a n d H e l l e n i s t i c t r a d i t i o n s . For A f r i c a n u s , j u s t as i t was for his H e l l e nistic predecessors, t h e d e s c r i p t i o n o f p r i m o r d i a l h i s t o r y was a t h o r n y issue. W h e n i t c a m e t o t h e o r i g i n s o f m a n k i n d , t h e G r e e k t r a d i t i o n r e n o u n c e d t h e use o f t h e t e r m " h i s t o r y " r e s o r t i n g instead to t h e w o r d "myth". U p u n t i l that p o i n t , a l l historians h a d agreed o n c o n s i d e r i n g O l . 1,1 as t h e b e g i n n i n g o f h i s t o r i c a l time.
4 2

t h a n j u s t a m o n o t o n o u s b o o k o f tables a n d lists, i n s o m e parts t h e a u t h o r A f r i c a n u s ' use a n d q u o t a t i o n o f v a r i o u s sources also h a r k back to the G r e e k t r a d i t i o n . Even t h o u g h he m a y o n l y have k n o w n some o f t h e m second h a n d , h i s q u o t a t i o n s s t i l l s h o w a g o o d k n o w l e d g e o f such authors. Egyptian kings o f Manetho (F46). I n the 9 t h e best preserved version o f the list ( T 4 6 a ) .
t h 48

H e r e , A f r i c a n u s overcomes the i n c e r t i t u d e o f Greek historians c o n c e r and Greek

n i n g t h e i r a r c h a i c p a s t t h a t is to say for t h e p e r i o d o f t i m e f r o m the b e g i n n i n g o f t h e w o r l d t o O l . 1,1by d i s t i n g u i s h i n g b e t w e e n Jewish history mythical history.

The most important

F o r such a l o n g t i m e p e r i o d (4727 years a c c o r d i n g to A f r i c a n u s ) o n l y t h e Jewish c h r o n o l o g y was able to p r o v i d e a secure basis u p o n w h i c h to r e c o n s t r u c t a viable s e q u e n c e o f h i s t o r i c a l events. T h a t does n o t m e a n to say that A f r i c a n u s e n t i r e l y r e j e c t e d t h e G r e e k t r a d i t i o n . By means o f s y n c h r o n i z a t i o n , he a t t e m p t e d t o l i n k the c o m p a r a t i v e l y fragile m y t h i c a l G r e e k h i s t o r y to the m u c h f i r m e r Jewish one. T h a n k s t o A f r i c a n u s , s y n c h r o n i s m t h u s became a means o f m e d i a t i n g b e t w e e n t w o d i f f e r e n t c h r o n o l o g i c a l a n d h i s t o r i c a l systems.'
13

e x a m p l e is the i n s e r t i o n o f an e p i t o m i z e d Jewish v e r s i o n o f the list o f t h e century, Syncellus considered t h i s

3. The Chronological System


A f r i c a n u s ' p r e s i d i n g idea was to i n s e r t the w h o l e o f the h i s t o r y o f m a n k i n d i n t o one great c h r o n o l o g i c a l system. N o t o n l y was such a system i n t e n d e d to be a r i t h m e t i c a l l y coherent, i t was c o n c e i v e d i n such a w a y as t o encompass a l l branches o f history, i n c l u d i n g the S e m i t i c a n d Hellenistic t r a d i t i o n s . E v e r y t h i n g was s u b o r d i n a t e d to this idea, s o m e t i m e s to an almost obsessive extent a n d o c c a s i o n a l l y even at the cost o f f a c t u a l t r u t h . Large parts o f t h e w o r k served little o t h e r t h a n t o s u p p o r t the impressive n u m e r i c a l f r a m e w o r k t h a t he re-calculated i n o r d e r to f i t v a r i o u s h i s t o r i c a l perspectives. U n d e r p i n n i n g t h e entire system was t h e o l d C h r i s t i a n (and Jewish) c o n v i c t i o n that the d u r a t i o n o f h i s t o r y as a w h o l e a m o u n t e d t o 6000 years, i n accordance w i t h the six days o f creation, w h e r e b y each day equaled 1000 years.
49

Despite t h e p r e d o m i n a n c e o f Jewish h i s t o r y as a general base, A f r i c a n u s s t i l l m a n a g e d t o r e t a i n s o m e t r a d i t i o n a l topics o f H e l l e n i s t i c universal h i s t o r y . A g o o d e x a m p l e is his interest i n the h i s t o r y o f h u m a n k n o w l e d g e a n d progress. I n t h e p r e s e r v e d f r a g m e n t s , he m e n t i o n s m a n y o f t h e m o s t i m p o r t a n t discoveries o f m a n k i n d , i n accordance w i t h the Greek t r a d i t i o n o f t h e heuremata. g o o d e x a m p l e is h i s a d o p t i o n o f the translatio imperii, a n d parcel o f H e l l e n i s t i c h i s t o r i o g r a p h y . T h e translatio
44

Another

a concept w h i c h was p a r t imperii crops u p i n m a n y

passages i n t h e list o f k i n g s a n d elsewhere (see i n p a r t i c u l a r F89.53-57, F 9 3 . 5 0 53, also T 6 , 1 4 - 2 1 ) . T h e series o f k i n g d o m s c u l m i n a t e s i n the R o m a n e m p i r e , w h i c h is p r e s e n t e d as t h e h i s t o r i c scene for t h e a d v e n t o f C h r i s t .
45

T h e m e t h o d o l o g y o f A f r i c a n u s was also i n f l u e n c e d by a n u m b e r o f o t h e r t r a d i t i o n a l H e l l e n i s t i c m o d e l s . For example, h i s a p p r o a c h to Greek m y t h o l o g y is

I n t h i s f r a m e w o r k , t h e m o s t decisive

dates are the death o f Peleg ( i n w h o s e t i m e the earth was d i v i d e d ) , w h i c h w o u l d be t h e " m i d - p o i n t " o f h i s t o r y o c c u r r i n g i n the year 3000, a n d the I n c a r n a t i o n o f Jesus C h r i s t i n 5 5 0 0 .
50

E v e r y t h i n g else, a n d i n p a r t i c u l a r t h e t r a d i t i o n a l elements

41

T h e article of Burgess 2006 gives an excellent overview of the antecedents of Iulius Africanus primarily, but not only, in the Hellenistic sphere. For the Hellenistic roots of Africanus, see also Schwartz 1895,23; for his methodology, see Roberto 2006.

o f H e l l e n i s t i c historiography, is w o v e n i n t o this f r a m e w o r k .

42 43

T h i s view is also referred to by Africanus, F34.1-5. O n the problem of primordial history in the Greek tradition, see Momigliano 1966,14-22 and Adler 1989, in particular 15-18. See F34.4-11 and F15.9-14 for a comparison between Jewish chronology and other Oriental systems. O n the synchronism in the Chronographiae, see Sirinelh 1961,509-515 and Roberto 2006,8-15. For the synchronisation between Jewish and Greek history in preceding universal historiography see Wacholder 1968 (esp. 463-477). 46 47 48 49 F24. O n this question, see Sirinelli 1961,180-189; Roberto 2006,11-13. See, e.g., F26.13-23; F30. See, e.g., F34.26-36.75-87.96-102; F56,4f; F65,30-37; F81a,3-5; F93.14-17. Ps 89[90],4 ("For a thousand years in your sight are like yesterday when it is past, or like a watch in the night"); II Petr 3,8 ("with the Lord one day is like a thousand years, and a thousand years are like one day"); see also Barn 15,4; Iren., haer. 5,28,3; 5,23,2; Hipp., Dan. 4,23,5 f. 50 Here and in the following pages, references to the Africanus material can be found in the "reference" section of the fold-out table in the appendix.

44 45

F18; F24.34-37; F54a,17f; F56,7-9. The interest in heuremata is connected to a general interest for cultural history, as shown for example by F81b. F15.9-14, see also T6.17.

XXIV

Introduction

3. The Chronological System

XXV

O b v i o u s l y , i t is no longer possible t o reconstruct the w h o l e system i n its o r i g i n a l f o r m as Africanus w o u l d have presented i t . N o t o n l y are large parts o f t h e w o r k l o s t , b u t the n u m e r a l s themselves are p a r t i c u l a r l y p r o n e to e r r o r i n t r a n s m i s s i o n , b o t h i n t e n t i o n a l a n d u n i n t e n t i o n a l . Indeed, g i v e n a l l t h e p r o b l e m s a n d p i t f a l l s , i t is actually quite s u r p r i s i n g h o w coherent all the e x t a n t m a t e r i a l is. Even the Excerpta Barbari, w h i c h t e x t u a l l y speaking, represents a n e x t r e m e l y d i s t o r t e d b r a n c h o f the t r a n s m i s s i o n , preserves numerals w h i c h , i n m a n y cases, d o v e t a i l p e r f e c t l y w i t h the system as we k n o w i t f r o m other sources. T h e p r e s e n t e d i t i o n is based o n t h e hypothesis that A f r i c a n u s ' c h r o n o l o g i c a l s y s t e m was i n t e r n a l l y coherent, a l t h o u g h t h i s does not exclude t h e presence o f d i s c r e p a n c i e s a n d inconsistencies i n a f e w m i n o r places. Hence, i n m a n y p r o b l e m a t i c passages i t is better to assume a n e r r o r i n t r a n s m i s s i o n r a t h e r t h a n a n o v e r s i g h t i n t h e o r i g i n a l . O f course, t h i s c o u l d lead t o an a t t i t u d e o f o v e r - c o n f i d e n t c o n j e c t u r e a n d o f p a p e r i n g over all the c h r o n o l o g i c a l cracks i n t h e text. T h e r e f o r e , t h e present e d i t i o n a d o p t s a rather cautious m e t h o d . T h e c h r o n o l o g i c a l d i s c r e p a n c i e s that r e m a i n are t o o m a n y and t o o grave t o be resolved c o n v i n c i n g l y b y means o f s i m p l e e m e n d a t i o n s . Several inconsistencies and c o n t r a d i c t i o n s can be f o u n d i n t h e t e x t , a n d as a rule the notes t o t h e E n g l i s h t r a n s l a t i o n d r a w the readers a t t e n t i o n t o these points. H o w e v e r , w h e r e v e r the t e x t w o u l d a p p e a r to be c o r r u p t a n d w h e r e a n obvious s o l u t i o n w a s at h a n d , the t e x t has b e e n e m e n d e d ( w i t h t h e o r i g i n a l r e a d i n g i n the c r i t i c a l apparatus). T h a t b e i n g said, i t has to be a d m i t t e d t h a t i n m a n y cases, the b o r d e r l i n e b e t w e e n the o b v i o u s a n d t h e hypothetical is n o t always completely clear-cut.
51

relevance nor i n d e e d t h e same level o f certainty. P a r t i c u l a r l y i m p o r t a n t events, w h o s e dates are b o t h well-attested and f u n d a m e n t a l to t h e entire c h r o n o l o g i c a l system, are p r i n t e d i n bold-face. I n the second a n d t h i r d c o l u m n s ( f r o m A d a m a n d the O l y m p i a d s ) t h e c o r r e s p o n d i n g figures are p r i n t e d i n b o l d o n l y w h e n t h e y are actually attested explicitly i n the sources. A l t h o u g h some dates are n o t attested directly, t h e y can s t i l l be deduced w i t h a h i g h degree o f certainty (e.g. t h e Exodus i n A M 3707 a n d the first O l y m p i a d i n A M 4727). Braces { } h a v e been used to i n d i c a t e cases where well-attested dates fail to concur w i t h t h e overall c h r o n o l o g i c a l system and where w e have been unable t o offer a l o g i c a l e m e n d a t i o n . A r e c u r r i n g p r o b l e m is the n u m b e r i n g o f the first year o f each k i n g / e m p e r o r . For example, " 1 Saul" s h o u l d actually be read as "0 Saul", i.e. t h e b e g i n n i n g o f his r e i g n . Therefore the p e r i o d o f t i m e f r o m " 1 Saul = A M 4 3 8 2 " t o "20 Saul = A M 4402" is 20 years, n o t 19. It s h o u l d be n o t e d that, although A f r i c a n u s ' c h r o n i c l e included the M o s a i c c o s m o g o n y (F14, see also Photius i n T i l ) , he t y p i c a l l y n u m b e r s years f r o m t h e c r e a t i o n o f A d a m (arc 6 A S & u ) . a b b r e v i a t i o n A M (annus t h e notes to the e d i t i o n . I n m o s t cases, t h e t e x t u a l basis for the m a t e r i a l f o u n d w i t h i n the f o l d - o u t table is sufficiently d o c u m e n t e d i n the "reference" section accompanying i t . T h e discussion that f o l l o w s refers only to f u n d a m e n t a l questions a n d a few p a r t i c u l a r l y complex details. First and f o r e m o s t , i t is i m p o r t a n t t o d i s t i n g u i s h b e t w e e n A f r i c a n u s ' o w n m e t h o d o f dating a n d t h a t o f m o d e r n h i s t o r i o g r a p h y (i.e. B C / A D ) . Since t h e latter is o f secondary i m p o r t a n c e for the r e c o n s t r u c t i o n o f Africanus' c h r o n o l o gical system, i t appears i n the table merely as an a d d i t i o n a l a i d . Africanus basi cally uses t w o systems o f d a t i n g and part o f his great h i s t o r i o g r a p h i c a l achieve m e n t consists i n t h e c o o r d i n a t i o n o f the t w o . B y c o m b i n i n g the years f r o m A d a m w i t h the G r e e k system of d a t i n g a c c o r d i n g t o O l y m p i a d s , he was able t o graft the Hellenistic t r a d i t i o n onto a Jewish h i s t o r i c a l f r a m e w o r k (see above p p . X X I I f). Unfortunately, o n l y t h r e e texts have been preserved containing a direct e q u a t i o n between the years f r o m A d a m a n d the O l y m p i a d s : F54d, F89 a n d F93. I n the case o f the s e c o n d text (F89.57), the i n t e r p r e t a t i o n is problematic; a l l scholars agree o n t h e fact that the text is c o r r u p t i n its t r a n s m i t t e d f o r m .
5 5 54 53

A s a consequence, t h e use o f the c o n v e n t i o n a l is, strictly speaking, n o t appropriate. H o w e v e r ,

mundi)

for the sake o f clarity a n d brevity, i t has been a d o p t e d i n the translation a n d i n

T h e d e b a t e over the c o r r e c t r e c o n s t r u c t i o n o f A f r i c a n u s ' c h r o n o l o g i c a l s y s t e m has b e e n o n g o i n g for s o m e 4 0 0 years (since Scaliger 1606) a n d some quaestiones vexatae have e m e r g e d , f o r w h i c h we a d m i t to h a v i n g n o ready answers. A s a result, the present e d i t i o n a i m s neither to p r o l o n g t h i s debate n o r resolve a n y o f the questions d e f i n i t i v e l y . T h e a i m o f this e d i t i o n is s i m p l y to place at t h e d i s p o s a l o f scholars a b e t t e r w o r k i n g basis f r o m w h i c h t o analyze all o f t h e a v a i l a b l e material. A s a consequence, the table i l l u s t r a t i n g t h e c h r o n o l o g i c a l s y s t e m i n the a p p e n d i x is i n t e n d e d p r i m a r i l y as an a i d t o h e l p g u i d e the r e a d e r t h r o u g h the material, n o t a n e w a n d innovative h y p o t h e t i c a l recon s t r u c t i o n . I n large parts, i t reflects a b r o a d scholarly consensus, a l t h o u g h parts have b e e n c h a l l e n g e d i n recent p u b l i c a t i o n s .
52

T h e t a b l e can be folded o u t a n d o p e n e d i n order to p e r m i t a b e t t e r synoptic use i n c o n j u n c t i o n w i t h the texts. N o t a l l the dates have t h e same degree o f

It

p r o b a b l y ought to be e m e n d e d to give the e q u a t i o n A M 5472 = 01.187,2. I n t h e l o n g fragment F93, d e a l i n g w i t h the Passion a n d R e s u r r e c t i o n o f C h r i s t , the
51 52 I n F89.57, for example, we did correct 11 to 14, but not 01. 187,4 to 187,2; the notes to the English translation explain the differing degrees of certainty. T h e most important contributions are Routh 507-509, Trieber 1880, Schwartz 1895, Gelzer 1,26-52, Finegan 1998,154-160, Burgess 2006, Mosshammer 2006 (where more bibliography c a n be found). Our reconstruction of the system owes a great deal to Schwartz, who in many cases (but not in all) still seems to be the most convincing. 53 54 55 O n the theological distinction between 'Adam-years' and 'world-years', see Gelzer l,35f. According to the standard equation A M 1 = 5502/01 B C ; see above n. 26. See notes 5 and 6 to the translation of the fragment.

O l y m p i a d date 202,2 (1. 58) is not i m m e d i a t e l y equated w i t h a year f r o m A d a m .

XXVI

Introduction

3. The Chronological System

XXVII

I t m i g h t be 5 5 3 1 , w h i c h is q u o t e d b y Syncellus f u r t h e r d o w n , b u t f r o m a s l i g h t l y d i f f e r e n t c o n t e x t i n A f r i c a n u s (1. 109), o r i t c o u l d be 5532, as f o u n d i n M i c h a e l t h e S y r i a n ( T 9 3 d ) . M o s t scholars prefer the second o p t i o n ,


5 6

slight i m p r e c i s i o n lies i n the time-span a t t r i b u t e d to the R o m a n e m p i r e ( 7 4 years). Instead o f g i v i n g the p e r i o d b e g i n n i n g w i t h the death o f C l e o p a t r a ( e n d o f the P t o l e m a i c dynasty) r u n n i n g u p t o t h e C r u c i f i x i o n a n d the R e s u r r e c t i o n (60 years, F 9 3 . 5 3 ) , t h e text calculates t h e p e r i o d starting f r o m t h e d e a t h o f Caesar a n d A u g u s t u s ' o w n accession to t h e t h r o n e . T h i s is n o t w r o n g i n itself, but i t does n o t c o n c u r w i t h the precept o f the translatio imperii, since i t c o u l d lead to the p e r i o d o f 14 years between 1 Augustus and the death o f C l e o p a t r a b e i n g c o u n t e d t w i c e . T h i s is effectively w h a t happens at the e n d o f t h e t e x t w h e n the c a l c u l a t i o n o f t h e t o t a l n u m b e r o f years f r o m A d a m t o the R e s u r r e c t i o n is given. T h i s n u m b e r has been calculated independently o n the basis o f t h e n u m b e r s m e n t i o n e d before. T w o errors o c c u r r e d i n the process. O n e is a s i m p l e error o f c a l c u l a t i o n (or, m o r e likely, a s c r i b a l e r r o r ) ; the text reads 5726, whereas the correct s u m s h o u l d be 5526. T h e o t h e r is the double c o u n t i n g o f t h e first 14 years o f A u g u s t u s ; t h e total should therefore a m o u n t to 5512. M o r e o v e r , one has to consider t h a t t h e o n l y n u m b e r that a c t u a l l y managed to creep i n f r o m the

since the e q u a t i o n

O l . 202,2 = A M 5532 is c o h e r e n t w i t h the t h i r d a n d best piece o f evidence. I n F 5 4 d , the y e a r O l . 250,1 is equated w i t h A M 5723, w h i c h is presumably t h e date o f the end o f the Chronographiae. A l l these i n d i c a t i o n s l e a d us t o the f u n d a m e n t a l date o f A M 4727, w h i c h represents t h e year o f the first O l y m p i a d , a h y p o t h e s i s c o n f i r m e d b y v a r i o u s c a l c u l a t i o n s w i t h i n t h e Chronographiae. A M 4727 = 01.1,1 A M 5532 = 01.202,2 A M 5723 =01.250,1 G i v e n the c o m p l e x i t y o f t h e system as a w h o l e , i t is q u i t e possible that A f r i c a n u s c o m p o s e d a s h o r t s u m m a r y i n tabular f o r m at t h e b e g i n n i n g o r at the e n d o f his w o r k . T h i s w o u l d c e r t a i n l y n o t have h a d the f o r m o f a "second b o o k " as i n the c a n o n s o f E u s e b i u s , b u t r a t h e r a b r i e f one o r t w o page o v e r v i e w (see above p. X V I I I ) . I t i s t e m p t i n g t o t h i n k that the e n i g m a t i c t e x t (T6)attested o n l y i n L a t i n f r o m the 9* century onwardsmight u l t i m a t e l y derive from Africanus' own s u m m a r y , a l t h o u g h t h i s c a n n o t be p r o v e n .
58 57

I n s u m , A f r i c a n u s ' entire c h r o n o l o

g i c a l system is f o u n d e d u p o n t h e f o l l o w i n g three c o h e r e n t equations:

Eusebian t r a d i t i o n , w h i c h is definitely n o t f r o m Africanus, is the date o f t h e F l o o d (2242 i n t h e text, opposed t o 2262 w h i c h is quite d e f i n i t e l y t h a t o f A f r i c a nus). Therefore, t h e correct sum for A f r i c a n u s ' system can be r e c t i f i e d t o 5532, w h i c h s u p p o r t s once again the dating o f the C r u c i f i x i o n a n d R e s u r r e c t i o n g i v e n above. Syncellus a l r e a d y considered the date o f the F l o o d i n A M 2262 a characte ristic feature o f A f r i c a n u s ' (and o n l y A f r i c a n u s ' ) system ( T 1 6 g w i t h note 2; T 2 2 a ; T45). T h i s is n o t o n l y 20 years later t h a n t h e date given b y Eusebius, i t is also 20 years later t h a n the date that c o u l d have b e e n calculated o n the basis o f t h e B i b l e as i t was k n o w n t o Syncellus, i.e. the Septuagint ( i n its Byzantine textus receptus). B e h i n d a l l t h i s lies an o l d p r o b l e m o f b i b l i c a l c h r o n o l o g y : i f one takes t h e n u m b e r s g i v e n i n t h e Greek Bible seriously, Methuselah s h o u l d have s u r v i v e d the F l o o d . A c c o r d i n g to the figures, M e t h u s e l a h lived 969 years, 167 u p t o t h e b i r t h o f h i s s o n L a m e c h , 188 up t o the b i r t h o f N o a h (Gen 5 , 2 5 - 3 2 ) ; f r o m there 600 years elapsed u p to the F l o o d ( G e n 7,6), thus placing his death 14 years after the F l o o d . I n t h e H e b r e w Bible, this p r o b l e m is avoided b y the a s s u m p t i o n t h a t L a m e c h was b o r n 20 years later ( a n d N o a h 6 years earlier), therefore p u t t i n g Methuselah's d e a t h exactly i n the year o f t h e F l o o d itself. A f r i c a n u s f o l l o w e d this t r a d i t i o n , a l t h o u g h he n o r m a l l y u s e d the Septuagint a n d i t is q u i t e possible that he s t u d i e d a l i t t l e textual c r i t i c i s m f o r t h e purpose. I n d e e d , f o r m u l a t i o n s o f the Chronicon Paschale ("the accurate copies o f the b o o k o f Genesis", T 1 6 g ) a n d Syncellus ("on t h e basis o f a few copies", T 1 6 h ) b o t h suggest t h i s . A s i m i l a r case is the p r o b l e m o f the "second" Kenan, that is to say t h e son o f A r p a c h s h a d after t h e F l o o d ("second" because there is another p e r s o n o f that n a m e before the F l o o d ) . A l t h o u g h K e n a n is m e n t i o n e d b o t h i n t h e Septuagint
61

T h e table includes a s t r i k i n g

n u m b e r o f dates w h i c h are a l l well-attested i n o t h e r authentic fragments o f A f r i c a n u s . E v e n i f t h e t e x t is t h e w o r k o f a l e a r n e d reader o f later times, t h i s reader m u s t have b e e n v e r y w e l l acquainted w i t h t h e Chronographiae.
59

Since

references t o k n o w n fragments are given i n t h e apparatus o f the e d i t i o n , o n l y a few p o i n t s n e e d f u r t h e r e x p l a n a t i o n here. T h e w h o l e c h r o n o l o g i c a l scheme is b a s e d o n t h e H e l l e n i s t i c idea o f the translatio imperii: i.e. a h i s t o r y o f the Jews
60

f o l l o w e d b y a h i s t o r y o f t h e Persians, M a c e d o n i a n s a n d R o m a n s .

The only

56 57

Gelzer l,48f; Schwartz 1895,27f; Burgess 2006,40-42; Mosshammer 2006,107. T h e most prominent confirmation comes from F34.41, according to which the period from the Exodus to O l . 1,1 is 1020 years, i.e. A M 3707 + 1020 = A M 4727. The information on the Sicyonian kingdom (F51a) also points in the same direction: the kingdom begins 114 years after the migration of Abraham ( A M 3277, F16d,6), from there to the first Olympiad, 1336 years have elapsed: A M 3277 + 114 + 1336 = A M 4727. Similarly with the Lacedaemonians (F58a): their kingdom began in the 20
th

year of Saul, which is 325 years before O l . 1,1.

According to F35, Saul began his reign in A M 4382, and A M 4382 + 20 + 325 = A M 4727. 58 59 60 T h e text was first published in 1688 by Henry Dodwell (1641-1711), on whom see Quantin 2006. T h i s becomes immediately plausible from the high number of cross references to other frag ments i n the apparatus. It should be remarked that Africanus seems to adopt an Egyptian perspective. The Persian kingdom ends with the conquest of Egypt by Alexander. In the same year ( A M 5172) the Macedonian Augustus. (Ptolemaic) hegemony begins, which lasts until the conquest of Egypt by

61

O n the chronology of the various versions of the Hebrew Bible, see Rosel 1994,129-144.

XXVIII

Introduction

4. T h e Text and its Transmission

XXIX These are the b e g i n n i n g o f

a n d t h e G o s p e l o f L u k e ( G e n 10,24; 11,13; L c 3,36), he does n o t appear i n the H e b r e w B i b l e . A f r i c a n u s follows the H e b r e w t e x t a n d o m i t s the 130 years u p t o t h e g e n e r a t i o n o f Kenans son Shelah ( F 1 6 c w i t h note 1; T 1 6 i - o ) . T h e r e f o r e , i n c o m p a r i s o n w i t h the Byzantine t r a d i t i o n ( i n c l u d i n g Syncellus), t h e c h r o n o l o g y o f A f r i c a n u s i s l a c k i n g 110 years ( K e n a n s 130 years - Methuselah's 20 years = 110 years, T 1 6 q ) . T h e d e a t h o f Peleg i n A M 3000 is a n o t h e r i m p o r t a n t feature o f A f r i c a n u s ' s y s t e m . A s s t a t e d i n F94 (see also F 1 6 c , 7 - 1 2 , 3
r d

b a c k t o t h e o r i g i n a l v e r s i o n o f the Chronographiae.

t h e Persian k i n g d o m i n O l . 55,1 and t h e r e b u i l d i n g o f Jerusalem i n O l . 83,4. B o t h dates are well-attested a n d b o t h dates fail t o c o r r e s p o n d w i t h A f r i c a n u s ' system. A l t h o u g h i n b o t h cases n o A M date is given, there is sufficient evidence to calculate w i t h a h i g h degree o f certainty w h a t m u s t have been A f r i c a n u s ' dates: A M 4942 and A M 5057 ( c o r r e s p o n d i n g to O l . 54,4 a n d O l . 83,3). H o w e v e r , i n t w o i m p o r t a n t a n d well-attested fragments, A f r i c a n u s ' calculations are c l e a r l y b a s e d o n t h e A M dates a n d n o t o n those o f the O l y m p i a d s . Curiously, however, he o m i t s the A M dates, even w h i l e c i t i n g those o f the O l y m p i a d s (F34, see n o t e 6, a n d F93, see note 6).

app.), this date falls precisely


6 2

m i d w a y t h r o u g h the 6000 year p e r i o d , a span o f t i m e w h i c h A f r i c a n u s equates w i t h the e n t i r e p e r i o d f r o m the c r e a t i o n t o t h e e n d o f the w o r l d . how t h o u g h n o p r e s e r v e d text addresses questions o f this s o r t ,
63

W h e t h e r and

A f r i c a n u s actually dealt w i t h eschatological issues is a m o o t p o i n t . A l i t is o b v i o u s l y i n the

l o g i c o f h i s c h r o n o l o g i c a l system to a t t e m p t calculations c o n c e r n i n g the e n d o f t h e w o r l d . I n d e e d , since he w r o t e i n A M 5723, there w o u l d be 277 years left u n t i l the e n d o f t h e s i x t h m i l l e n n i u m a n d t h e b e g i n n i n g o f the "great Sabbath", the seventh m i l l e n n i u m b e l o n g i n g t o G o d . 277 years were almost c e r t a i n l y e n o u g h to q u i e t t h e e s c h a t o l o g i c a l fervor o f his o w n g e n e r a t i o n a n d several succeeding ones. A f r i c a n u s p r o b a b l y d i d n o t reflect o n t h e p o s s i b i l i t y that his system w o u l d stir u p a g i t a t i o n i n A D 500, a l t h o u g h this is precisely w h a t h a p p e n e d . i n t h e a p p e n d i x ends i n A M 5723 a n d n o t i n A M 6000. I n " h i s t o r i c a l " times, i.e. after O l . 1,1, t h e c h r o n o l o g y becomes i n c r e a s i n g l y c o m p l e x . A t t h e b e g i n n i n g o f b o o k 3, A f r i c a n u s inserts a f u n d a m e n t a l dis cussion o f t h e s y n c h r o n i z a t i o n o f the Jewish c h r o n o l o g i c a l system w i t h t h e G r e e k one ( F 3 4 ) . A c c o r d i n g to t h i s text, t h e t w o p r i n c i p a l dates are the E x o d u s o f Moses ( A M 3707) a n d the first O l y m p i a d , w h i c h , i n H e l l e n i s t i c h i s t o r i o graphy, r e p r e s e n t s t h e b e g i n n i n g o f a c o n t i n u o u s c h r o n o l o g i c a l n a r r a t i v e . T h e t i m e - s p a n f r o m the Exodus to O l . 1,1 is 1020 years, the first O l y m p i a d ( A M 4727) o c c u r r i n g i n the first year o f the r e i g n o f k i n g A h a z i n Israel.
65 64

4. The Text and its Transmission


T h e Chronographiae t h e Cesti, rynchus,
66

o f A f r i c a n u s is lost. N o complete c o p y o f it survives. U n l i k e

where an i n t e r e s t i n g fragment o n papyrus was discovered i n O x y n o fragments o f its direct transmission have ever been f o u n d . A s a

consequence, all attempts at r e c o n s t r u c t i n g the w o r k d e p e n d totally o n later a u t h o r s u s i n g or q u o t i n g A f r i c a n u s . W i t h the exception o f a few excerpts ( T 6 , F14), t h e nature o f the source m a t e r i a l consists a l m o s t e n t i r e l y o f q u o t a t i o n s ( w h e r e the t e r m is u n d e r s t o o d as an i n s e r t i o n o f text i n an i n d e p e n d e n t c o n t e x t w i t h its o w n l i t e r a r y aspirations). Put succinctly, a l m o s t e v e r y t h i n g we possess f r o m A f r i c a n u s has c o m e d o w n to us i n the context o f i n d e p e n d e n t w o r k s , m o s t l y chronicles, w i t h t h e i r o w n inclinations, agendas a n d interests. T h o s e w h o q u o t e d A f r i c a n u s usually d i d so because they either w a n t e d t o c o n f i r m t h e i r o w n v i e w o f w o r l d h i s t o r y o r falsify s o m e b o d y else'sas a result some criticize h i m , others praise h i m . E v e n w h e n A f r i c a n u s is used p u r e l y as a h i s t o r i c a l source, those c i t i n g h i m have a p a r t i c u l a r interest i n q u o t i n g a precise piece o f data. A n y textual c r i t i c i s m has t o take all o f these elements i n t o account. T h e

Since n o

t h i n g is k n o w n a b o u t A f r i c a n u s ' v i e w o f t h e future, the " C h r o n o l o g i c a l System"

F r o m t h i s p o i n t onwards, the t w o d a t i n g systems r u n parallel. H o w e v e r , it can b e d e m o n s t r a t e d t h a t A f r i c a n u s a c t u a l l y c o n t i n u e s c a l c u l a t i n g o n t h e basis o f years " f r o m A d a m " . T h i s corresponds w i t h his c h r o n o l o g i c a l m e t h o d f o r m u lated i n F 3 4 , a c c o r d i n g to w h i c h the p r i n c i p a l h i s t o r i c a l t h r e a d is t h e Jewish one. It also e x p l a i n s t w o i m p o r t a n t inconsistencies i n the system w h i c h p r o b a b l y go
66 cest. 5 = Pap. Oxy. 412. In the case of the chronicle also, there might be an interesting case of fragmentary direct transmission. Berendts 1904,75-79 (hence Bardenhewer 1913-32, 2,266) analyzes the scarce information on a Meteora manuscript given by the Russian bishop Porfirij Uspenski (tl885). He saw the manuscript in 1859 and his notes were published posthumously i n 1896 (Richard 1995, nr. 1676). A l l he says on the "ms. 34" of the monastery of the trans figuration (Metamorphosis) is the following: "'IoropcKdv cmo Tfjc 07rraoiac. TOU AavinA mc, rfjc 62 63 T h e birth o f Peleg in A M 2661 corresponds to the division of the earth after the Flood (F25). Gelzer 1,29 suggests that this date was the point of division between books 1 and 2. F94.3 g i v e s a calculation of the time remaining from the parousia of Jesus Christ until the end of the w o r l d . However, there is no real reason to think that this still derives from Africanus (hence p r i n t e d i n small letters). 64 65 Brandes 1997. O n the history of millenarianism, see Landes 1988. F o r the f a l l of Troy, which was the earliest possible historical event in the Hellenistic tradition, A f r i c a n u s follows the widely accepted chronology of Eratosthenes and assumes that this took place 407 years before Ol. 1,1, i.e. A M 4727 - 407 = A M 4320 (F50.28), 1183/82 B C . (5aoiXeiac. TO0 AVTCDVLVOU KapaK&XAa... Anfang und Ende fehlen. Movapvja Ti|kpiou Kaiaapoc. ... (sic) uev ouv Auyouoxoc. imsfiiw, the, elpntai' rf]v 8k |iovapxtav 6 TiSepioc, SieoeiiaTO' 6q evJTtaTpi8r|c uev rjv KCC'LTO7Ta(6euToc.,rnv 6e yvcounv f\y 7ToiKiAu>Tatoc,..." (Berendts 1904,75). Berendts rightly infers that there is a certain likelihood that the text is linked to Africanus. Unfortunately, it was not possible to find the manuscript, nor does the detailed catalogue by Bees 1967 show any trace of it. The manuscript may be irretrievably lost. The only remaining possibility is that Uspenskij actually took the manuscript with him, in which case it might ultimately have ended up in an ecclesiastical library in Russia. Cf. also Richard 1995, nr. 1676 on Uspenskij: "De nombreux mss des bibliotheques signalees ont depuis disparu."

XXX

Introduction

4. The Text and its Transmission

XXXI
70

f o l l o w i n g p a r a g r a p h s , t h e r e f o r e , are i n t e n d e d to assist t h e reader i n assessing the p r i n c i p a l a u t h o r s w h o are t h o u g h t t o constitute the A f r i c a n u s t r a d i t i o n . E x p l a i n i n g w h y t h e Chronographiae has n o t s u r v i v e d is a difficult task. W h a t e v e r t h e reasons, A f r i c a n u s is n o t alone i n this l i t e r a r y category. O f H i p p o l y t u s ' v v o r k w e have n o t h i n g b u t a few w o e f u l fragments. A s for Eusebius, large p a r t s o f h i s w o r k are k n o w n o n l y i n ancient translations ( L a t i n a n d A r m e n i a n ) , w h i l e o f a c e r t a i n c h r o n i c l e r n a m e d Judas ( 3 t h a n that h e actually existed.
67 rd

i n editions g o i n g b a c k t o Renaissance o r B a r o q u e t i m e s .

Even w i t h b e t t e r t e x t s ,

a great deal o f s c h o l a r l y debate is still needed t o clarify m a n y aspects o f t h i s l i t e rature. Hence, w h a t follows is only a snapshot o f the present state o f research, a b r i e f synopsis o f t h e sources u n d e r p i n n i n g t h i s e d i t i o n . T h e first a u t h o r assumed to have used a n d c r i t i c i z e d Africanus is H i p p o l y tus. However, t o o l i t t l e o f his w o r k has b e e n preserved to take any m a t e r i a l f r o m i t and collate i t w i t h o u r collection o f f r a g m e n t s . tant.
71

cent.) w e k n o w n o t m u c h m o r e

Therefore, o u r first r e l e v a n t

T h e loss o f such w o r k s is p e r h a p s due to the fact T h a t is to say, as s o o n as a m o r e u p -

author is Eusebius o f Caesarea, w h o also happens to be one o f the m o s t i m p o r

t h a t c h r o n i c l e s , despite t h e h i g h esteem i n w h i c h t h e a u t h o r s were often h e l d , w e r e l a r g e l y c o n s i d e r e d Gebrauchsliteratur. t o - d a t e a n d (allegedly) m o r e c o r r e c t c h r o n i c l e existed, t h e o l d e r ones were n o l o n g e r u s e d a n d copied. O c c a s i o n a l l y q u o t e d a n d c o n s u l t e d , the m o r e ancient w o r k s w e r e a l l eventually s u p e r s e d e d b y newer versions. A s a g e n r e , chronicles w e r e v e r y p o p u l a r i n the G r e e k literature o f the Later R o m a n a n d B y z a n t i n e E m p i r e , a n s w e r i n g t o a b r o a d s p e c t r u m o f interests a n d needs. I t w o u l d be a m i s t a k e h o w e v e r to g r o u p such w o r k s u n d e r the title o f Trivialliteratur o r Monchschroniken.
68

4 . 1 . Eusebius Eusebius a l m o s t c e r t a i n l y k n e w Africanus r i g h t at the b e g i n n i n g o f his s c h o l a r l y career. I f the m a n h a d n ' t inspired a n d fascinated h i m to some extent, i t w o u l d b e h a r d to e x p l a i n w h y , i n the wake o f A f r i c a n u s ' Chronographiae, he b e g a n h i s activity w i t h a s i m i l a r m o n u m e n t a l h i s t o r i c a l w o r k . A l r e a d y i n the first f e w l i n e s , Eusebius associates h i m s e l f w i t h the C h r i s t i a n chroniclers, m e n t i o n i n g b y n a m e C l e m e n t o f A l e x a n d r i a , Africanus, a n d T a t i a n ,
72

W h i l e i t is t r u e t h a t s o m e chronicles were

m i n o r w o r k s w r i t t e n b y m o n k s , i t is also t r u e t h a t o t h e r w o r k s were c o m p o s e d b y a u t h o r s f o r m i n g p a r t o f a n i n t e l l e c t u a l elite, possessing h i g h l i t e r a r y a n d s c h o l a r l y a m b i t i o n s . I t was m e n b e l o n g i n g to such l o f t y g r o u p s , m e n such as Eusebius, Syncellus a n d M i c h e l t h e Syrian that i n v a r i a b l y h a d recourse to A f r i canus' c h r o n o l o g y . A l t h o u g h i n a f e w cases the ( d i r e c t o r i n d i r e c t ) use o f his c h r o n o l o g y also "sank d o w n " i n t o t h e l o w e r strata o f t h e genre, we are m o s t l y d e a l i n g w i t h s c h o l a r l y p r o d u c t s , w r i t t e n for an i n t e l l e c t u a l elite audience. G i v e n t h e p o p u l a r i t y o f t h e genre a n d the i n t e r d e p e n d e n c e o f the w o r k s a m o n g t h e m s e l v e s , i t is v i r t u a l l y impossible to establish a n y k i n d o f stemma e x p l a i n i n g w h o c o p i e d w h a t a n d f r o m w h o m . T h e task becomes even harder because o f t h e h i g h l y f r a g m e n t e d state o f p r e s e r v a t i o n o f t h e w o r k s and, i n m a n y cases, t h e lack o f c r i t i c a l editions. A l t h o u g h a v i a b l e "stemmatization" w i l l always r e m a i n a n i l l u s i o n , t h e n u m b e r o f available e d i t i o n s has increased some w h a t i n t h e last decades. A h u n d r e d years ago, w h e n G e l z e r first attempted to e d i t the f r a g m e n t s , the s i t u a t i o n was d i r e . A l t h o u g h s o m e g o o d editions have appeared i n t h e m e a n t i m e ,
69

o f w h o m the second is d o u b t

lessly the m o s t i m p o r t a n t . The l i t e r a r y genre chosen b y Eusebius is t h a t o f Africanus. Eusebius also copied his basic c h r o n o l o g i c a l structure, a t t e m p t i n g t o b i n d together t h e v a r i o u s h i s t o r i o g r a p h i c a l t r a d i t i o n s o f the H e l l e n i s t i c a n d Semitic w o r l d a n d place t h e m i n a C h r i s t i a n perspective. I n m a n y p o i n t s , h o w ever, Eusebius succeeds i n m a i n t a i n i n g a c e r t a i n critical distance f r o m predecessor. T h i s applies b o t h to some h i s t o r i c a l details
73

his

and to the m o r e gene

ral issue o f his w h o l e h i s t o r i o g r a p h i c a l c o n c e p t i o n : his most i m p o r t a n t i n n o v a t i o n is the p r e s e n t a t i o n o f the material i n t h e f o r m o f a series o f c h r o n o l o g i c a l tables (Canones). as a genre a n d a l l t h e c r i t i

G i v e n t h e l i t e r a r y i m p a c t o f the Chronographiae

c i s m i t received, i t is h a r d t o conceive t h a t Eusebius k n e w the w o r k o f A f r i c a n u s

70 71 72 73

This applies, for instance, to ps. Sym. Log. (unpublished); Cedr.; ps. Eust, in hex.; Ioh. Scyth., scholia in epp. Dion. Areop. O n Hippolytus'use of Africanus, see Bauer 1905,150-152 and Bauer 1955.XXVII. T48a = Eus., c a n .
HlCT

t h e s i t u a t i o n is still far f r o m satisfactory. Some o f

t h e w o r k s i n q u e s t i o n have n e v e r been edited, w h i l e o t h e r s are still o n l y available

7,10-17. O n Eusebius' chronicle, see Schwartz 1907,1376-1384; Sirinelli

1961; Mosshammer 1979; Winkelmann 1991,88-104; Burgess 1999; Jeanjean/Lancon 2004. Eusebius considers, for example, his dating of Moses to the period of Cecrops as an important chronological achievement. This is completely different from Africanus' system (Moses under Ogygus, therefore c. 200 years earlier). Opinion also diverges concerning the duration of the period from the exodus to the building of the temple (T41) and the interpretation of the passage in the book of Daniel (9,24-27), also known as the "apocalypse of 70 weeks" (F78, T78a). O n both problems, cf. Adler 1992,471f and Adler 2006,148-150. In general, Africanus seems much more confident about the possibility of establishing a coherent chronology on the basis of the Bible. H e tries to make everything fit into his system. This is why Adler 1992,479 speaks of "Africanus' dogmatism" as opposed to "Eusebius' reserve". 67 68 According to Eus h.e. 6,7 his chronicle was inspired by the seventy weeks of Daniel; the author thought the coming of the Antichrist was near. O n Byzantine chronicles in general, see Gelzer 2,129-410; Hunger 1978,1,257-278 (fundamen tal, despite his classification under Trivialliteratur); Adler 1989; Rochow 1990; Croke 1990. Already i n 1965 Hans-Georg Beck has shown that the so-called Monchschroniken necessarily written or primarily read by monks (Beck 1965). 69 Since Gelzer, good critical editions have appeared for Eus., can."'"; Eus., h.e.; Io. Mai.; (ps.) Io. A n t ; S y n c ; Sym. Log. and others. were not

XXXII

Introduction

4. The Text and its Transmission

XXXIII

i n excerpts o r fragments

only. I n d e e d , i n a later w o r k he actually refers t o a


74

A s e c o n d obstacle i n e v a l u a t i n g t h e m a t e r i a l i n Eusebius' c h r o n i c l e is t h e heterogeneous w a y i n w h i c h he exploits his predecessor. I n some cases, he quotes h i m directly, m o s t l y i n o r d e r t o criticize h i m .
7 8

complete c o p y o f the c h r o n i c l e w h i c h h a d c o m e i n t o his possession,

a n d i t is the recon

h i g h l y l i k e l y t h a t he h a d i t at his d i s p o s a l already w h e n he was w r i t i n g c h r o n i c l e . I t is f o r t h i s reason that h i s t e s t i m o n y is so precious f o r t h e

I n a f e w cases, the c r i t i q u e

is n o t e x p l i c i t i n that he quotes i n a n affirmative way, b u t t h e n goes o n to a d d i m p l i c i t c o r r e c t i o n s , w h i c h has a h a b i t o f r e n d e r i n g his quotes rather m i s l e a d i n g to say the least.
79

s t r u c t i o n o f A f r i c a n u s ' w o r k , b u t for v a r i o u s reasons this treasure is n o t easy t o rescue. T h e m o s t serious i m p e d i m e n t is t h e u n f o r t u n a t e t r a n s m i s s i o n o f Eusebius' text i t s e l f a n d t h e l a c k o f a s a t i s f a c t o r y m o d e r n e d i t i o n . T h i s s i t u a t i o n r e q u i r e s s o m e e x p l a n a t i o n . T h e o r i g i n a l w o r k (Chronica) are here r e f e r r e d t o as Chronographia a n d Canones.
75

B u t b y far the biggest a n d m o s t d i f f i c u l t g r o u p o f citations are

complex essentially

those i n w h i c h Eusebius s i m p l y cites the h i s t o r i c a l m a t e r i a l o f his predecessor w i t h o u t q u e s t i o n i n g h i m o r even m e n t i o n i n g his name. Such cases are d i f f i c u l t to i d e n t i f y . Parallels d r a w n b e t w e e n the m a t e r i a l o f Syncellus, w h i c h are a t t r i butable t o A f r i c a n u s a n d passages i n Eusebius' chronicle are i n s o m e cases c o n clusive.
80

consisted o f t w o p a r t s t w o v o l u m e s as i t w e r e w h i c h for the sake o f s i m p l i c i t y The literary character o f the f o r m e r w a s p r o b a b l y q u i t e s i m i l a r t o t h a t o f A f r i c a n u s ' o w n w o r k . A prose text w i t h m a n y i n s e r t e d tables, it c o n t a i n e d v a r i o u s historical t h e m e s w h i c h were c o l l a t e d a n d p l a c e d i n t o d i r e c t r e l a t i o n s h i p w i t h one another b y m e a n s o f t h e o r e t i c a l d i s c u s s i o n s a n d s y n c h r o n i s m s . T h i s p a r t o f Eusebius' w o r k is o n l y preserved i n its e n t i r e t y i n an early A r m e n i a n t r a n s l a t i o n and i n a n u m b e r o f Greek f r a g m e n t s .
7 6

T h e series o f texts i n the Excerpta

Salmasiana

(ps. I o h . A n t . , fr. 2 * - 2 1 * ) ,
81

w h i c h c o n t a i n r a t i o n a l i z i n g e x p l i c a t i o n s o f myths, are a l l p r o b a b l y taken f r o m A f r i c a n u s a n d s o m e t i m e s reveal s t r i k i n g parallels w i t h Eusebius. rious kings' lists,


82

A s for the v a

these a l l basically go b a c k to Castor, b u t often i t is i m p o s s i b l e

to say w h e t h e r Eusebius c o p i e d t h e m f r o m h i m directly, o r w h e t h e r he t o o k t h e m s t r a i g h t f r o m A f r i c a n u s . T h i s is w h y the Eusebian n u m e r a l s have b e e n n o t e d i n the apparatus for each o f t h e relevant fragments.
83

T h e latter p a r t / v o l u m e

constitutes

Eusebius' m a i n

inno

v a t i o n : a j u x t a p o s i t i o n o f the w h o l e h i s t o r y o f m a n k i n d f r o m A b r a h a m t o t h e present d a y i n a large table, c o n t a i n i n g several c o l u m n s for the v a r i o u s h i s t o r i c a l themes. U n d e r s t a n d a b l y , Jerome, version.
77

I t is u n l i k e l y that a l l

o f A f r i c a n u s ' m a t e r i a l has b e e n i d e n t i f i e d i n Eusebius' c h r o n i c l e so far. I n o n l y o n e spectacular case has i t been possible to f i r m l y a t t r i b u t e m a t e r i a l o f t h i s category t o A f r i c a n u s . T h e latter concerns the l o n g list o f O l y m p i c v i c t o r s stretching from the b e g i n n i n g o f the games to 0 1 . 249, w h i c h effectively constitutes t h e o n l y s u r v i v i n g a n t i q u e list o f its k i n d (F65). T h e a t t r i b u t i o n to A f r i c a n u s was i n i t i a l l y s u r m i s e d b y Scaliger and a l t h o u g h some d o u b t s were recently cast over i t , a d e t a i l e d analysis demonstrates that the hypothesis carries a h i g h degree o f p l a u s i b i l i t y .
84

such a w o r k fascinated apart from the

later authors, i n p a r t i c u l a r translation and some

and,

therefore,

Armenian

fragments

o f t h e Greek o r i g i n a l , this p a r t is also preserved i n Jerome's L a t i n I t b e c a m e one o f t h e s t a n d a r d h i s t o r y b o o k s o f the L a t i n m i d d l e ages.

F o r the p u r p o s e s o f the present e d i t i o n , i t has b e e n necessary, o n o c c a s i o n , t o anticipate t h e w o r k o f a f u t u r e e d i t o r o f Eusebius, i.e. r e c o n s t i t u t i n g a t e x t o n t h e basis o f t h e G r e e k , L a t i n a n d A r m e n i a n witnesses.

still

74 75

T3a = h.e. 6,31,2. This terminology follows Fotheringham 1923,111V, who has collected all relevant material and comes to the conclusion that this is closest to the sources, without claiming that Eusebius actually used these titles. Schwartz 1907,1376 d i d not see the two parts as "two volumes", rather he considered the first part only an introduction to the main work which would be the YDOVIKO'I Kdvovec,. T h i s was due to an exaggerated tendency to exalt Eusebius' originality.

78 79

T48a; T78a; mention without critique: T80a.b.c; F85. For Eusebius' critique of Africanus in general, see Adler 2006. This is the case in F64d, where a verbatim quotation from Africanus is given (U. 1 I f = F64c). The quotation is given with the intention of confirming, with his predecessor's authority, Euse bius' main point, namely the dating of the first Olympiad. Closer analysis, however, reveals that the quoted text has nothing to do with this problem and that Eusebius actually disagrees with Africanus' dating (as Syncellus rightly pointed out, T64e).

76

The A r m e n i a n text is easily accessible in a G e r m a n translation in the GCS edition by Karst 1911; this does not, however, replace the useful edition of Aucher 1818, which is a sound work of scholarship, where the Armenian text is provided along with a literal Latin translation and with the corresponding Greek fragments. O n the Armenian text, see also Drost-Abgarjan 2006. The G r e e k material still awaits a comprehensive modern analysis and edition. At present, the best version can be found in Schoene 1875-76, 1,1-286 (especially the texts preserved in the ms. Paris, gr. 2600, the so called Excerpta Eusebiana, collated by Paul de Lagarde, see p. X I I ) . The value o f this edition is often underestimated; it is by no means superseded by Helm 1956 and Karst 1911. Although it is less reliable, the older Cramer edition also remains useful for the Ex cerpta Eusebiana, because it gives the whole relevant section o f the ms. Paris, gr. 2600 (ff. 193'219') i n its context. O n the codex see Christesen/Martirosova-Torlone 2006,41-43. 84 80 81 82 83

F56;F81. See Roberto 2005b and below, pp. X L ff. Africanus' material is partly preserved in the Excerpta Barbari; see below, pp. X X X V I f. A n additional problem is presented by the lists transmitted both in Armenian and in Latin in the context of the chronicle, although apparently neither of them belong to it ("regum series", not in Helm's edition, but in Schoene 1875-76, 1,19-40 [Appendix I B ] and Karst 1911,144155). They might derive from Eusebius' preparatory work in the form of a collection of material. Scaliger's hypothesis won general acceptance until Mosshammer 1979,138-146 argued that if Eusebius had really had the list from him, he would have mentioned Africanus in the record of sources that follows shortly after (Eus., chron. 125,8-25). However, this argumentum ex silentio remains weak. A n analysis of the historical notices contained within the list and a study of the transmission of the text suggest otherwise, see Wallraff 2006,50-53. The most recent study of

77

Helm's G C S edition of Jerome's chronicle can be considered a masterpiece. Apart from the edition itself, the appendix should also be used, where Helm gives references in condensed form to many useful parallels (including the preserved Greek fragments).

XXXIV

Introduction

4. The Text and its Transmission

XXXV

I n a s i m i l a r fashion, i t has also b e e n h y p o t h e s i z e d t h a t Eusebius used a list o f b i s h o p s , r e l a t i n g to the m o s t i m p o r t a n t sees, w h i c h was itself o r i g i n a l l y c o m piled by Africanus.
8 5

i n the A l e x a n d r i a n i n t e l l e c t u a l m i l i e u b y a reference to h i m i n the c h r o n i c l e o f A n n i a n u s ( T 3 9 b ) . A r o u n d the same t i m e , a G r e e k chronicle, c o m p o s e d i n A l e x a n d r i a d u r i n g the r e i g n o f Zeno or Anastasius a n d preserved i n a L a t i n e p i tome, referred to as t h e Excerpta quotations. 4.2.1. Panodorus and Annianus Barbari ( 8 c e n t u r y ) , contains yet m o r e o f h i s
t h

H o w e v e r , the a r g u m e n t a t i o n here is m u c h m o r e c o m p l e x
86

a n d a l t h o u g h the hypothesis c a n n o t be t o t a l l y r u l e d o u t , t h e evidence is m u c h t o o s c a n t y "to j u s t i f y its i n c l u s i o n i n t h e present e d i t i o n . E v e n i n Eusebius' later w o r k s , A f r i c a n u s always r e m a i n e d a n i m p o r t a n t i n t e l l e c t u a l m o d e l . However, a l t h o u g h h e c o n t i n u e d to use a n d q u o t e h i m , the t o n e b e c o m e s somewhat m o r e i r e n i c . I t w o u l d have b e e n pointless f o r Eusebius to stress differences i n c h r o n o l o g i c a l d e t a i l i n l i t e r a r y w o r k s t h a t n o longer per t a i n to t h e g e n r e o f a c h r o n i c l e . A l t h o u g h Eusebius still tends n o t t o agree w i t h e v e r y t h i n g A f r i c a n u s says, he n o w seems prepared to a d m i t at least that A f r i canus b e l o n g e d to the " m e n o f l e a r n i n g , second t o n o n e i n t h e c u l t i v a t e d class" (p. e. 1 0 , 9 , 2 6 ) , a n d that he was "no o r d i n a r y h i s t o r i a n " ( h . e. 1,6,2). M o r e o v e r , i n s o m e i n s t a n c e s he cites A f r i c a n u s i n l o n g e r passages w i t h o u t i n t e r r u p t i o n or c o r r e c t i o n . I n his theological w o r k s , t h e Eclogae propheticae, the Demonstratio evangelica, t h e Praeparatio and we have a s m a l l n u m b e r o f l e n g t h y quotations t o b o o k 3, a n d F93,

T h e m o n k s P a n o d o r u s a n d A n n i a n u s were b o t h w r i t i n g at the b e g i n n i n g o f t h e f i f t h century. A l t h o u g h t h e i r w o r k s d o n o t s u r v i v e , some general features and excerpts are k n o w n , m a n y o f t h e m c o m i n g t h r o u g h the quotations o f Syncellus. A p p a r e n t l y b o t h a u t h o r s attempted a n e w c h r o n o l o g i c a l system, c o n t i n u i n g a n d c o m m e n t i n g o n t h e w o r k o f their predecessors, A f r i c a n u s a n d Eusebius. Syncellus tells us t h a t Panodorus c o m p o s e d a universal c h r o n i c l e far s u r passing A n n i a n u s i n b o t h length a n d a s t r o n o m i c a l l e a r n i n g . 5493 years f r o m A d a m t o the I n c a r n a t i o n .
89 88

Establishing h i s

o w n r e c k o n i n g system, k n o w n as the A l e x a n d r i a n era, Panodorus c a l c u l a t e d A n o t h e r i m p o r t a n t feature o f h i s w o r k was the r e c o n c i l i n g o f pagan sources a n d scholarship w i t h b i b l i c a l c h r o nology. Syncellus c r i t i c i z e s h i m for some c h r o n o l o g i c a l errors (e.g. c a l c u l a t i n g the b i r t h a n d t h e d e a t h o f Jesus) a n d he questions his o r t h o d o x y . I n his a t t e m p t to f o r m a n e w C h r i s t i a n c h r o n o l o g i c a l system, i t is h i g h l y probable that P a n o dorus t o o k an interest i n A f r i c a n u s ' Chronographiae a n d that he k n e w his w o r k .
91 90

b e l o n g i n g t o the most i m p o r t a n t a n d well-attested s u r v i v i n g texts. These are F34, w h i c h p r e s u m a b l y f o r m e d p a r t o f A f r i c a n u s ' prooemium the i n t r i c a t e discussion o f t h e date o f t h e Passion a n d t h e R e s u r r e c t i o n o f C h r i s t . T h e q u a l i t y o f the text i n these cases is v e r y h i g h as can be i n f e r r e d f r o m parallels i n Syncellus.
87

Unfortunately, this c a n n o t b e proved o n the basis o f the preserved m a t e r i a l . 4.2. C h r o n i c l e s f r o m the A l e x a n d r i a n T r a d i t i o n T h e c h r o n i c l e o f Eusebius s o o n b e c a m e a s t a n d a r d w o r k , a n d t o a large extent i t s u p e r s e d e d t h a t o f his predecessor A f r i c a n u s . However, interest i n t h e father o f C h r i s t i a n c h r o n o g r a p h y s t i l l l i n g e r e d . I n t h e f i f t h century, t h i s interest is attested
the list (Christesen/Martirosova-Torlone 2006, appeared after our edition was finished) does not discuss the question of authorship (see only p. 38f, quoting Mosshammer). However, it gives useful information on the transmission of the text. Further studies of the list are by Moretti 1957 a n d Wacker 1998. 85 The argument was developed with acumen and in detail by Harnack 1897,70-230 and Schwartz 1903-09, 3 , C C X X V I I I - C C X L I I I . Harnack 1897,124-127 even gave a hypothetical struction of Africanus' list. 86 87 For a detailed analysis, see Wallraff 2006,53-56. I n the case of F93, there is also a double transmission within Eusebius' oeuvre. He quotes the same passage both in his Eclogae propheticae, dating to around 305 and his Demonstratio evangelica ca. ten years later (for the dating, see Winkelmann 1991,188-191). However, this doublet is no check on the quality of the transmission, because it is quite possible that in the second case Eusebius took the quotation from his older work (rather than looking it up again in the original). Another fragment is transmitted in the Church history (F87, The Father of Herod, again w i t h a doublet in the Eclogae), a rather short text, where the positive judgment on the quality o f the transmission has to be attenuated: considerable differences between Eusebius and Syncellus appear and it is impossible to know which author modified the original wording. 92 recon 88 89 90 91 Sync. 35,20-36,5. See Serruys 1907,251-260. Sync. 378,5-10, see also 17,26f and 42,20-24.

A l t h o u g h A n n i a n u s m a y have been less i n n o v a t i v e than Panodorus, S y n cellus v i e w e d his c h r o n i c l e far m o r e favorably. W h i l e c o n t a i n i n g m u c h o f t h e same m a t e r i a l as P a n o d o r u s , it was less p r o l i x , s t r u c t u r e d , a c c o r d i n g to S y n cellus, i n the f o r m o f tables o f 532-year Easter cycles. U n l i k e Panodorus, A n n i a nus also adhered t o t h e t r a d i t i o n a l d a t i n g o f t h e I n c a r n a t i o n i n A M 5500. A s a consequence, his w o r k exerted m o r e i n f l u e n c e t h a n that o f Panodorus, espe cially a m o n g Syriac c h r o n o g r a p h e r s . '
2

I n one preserved f r a g m e n t ( T 3 9 b ) , A f r i c a n u s is directly m e n t i o n e d . H e r e , A n n i a n u s criticizes Eusebius for forgetting to m e n t i o n the 40 years o f anarchy

O n Panodorus, see Unger 1867,40f, Gelzer 2,189-204 (in particular 190f on the originality of his work), Seel 1949, and, more recently, Adler 1983, Adler 1989,97-101. Expanding an hypo thesis of Unger, Gelzer asserts that the main sources of Panodorus were Africanus, Eusebius and Dexippus. Furthermore, he presumes that the excerpts of these authors came to Annianus and to Syncellus mainly through Panodorus, see, e.g., his hypothesis on the transmission of Africanus' list of Egyptian kings to Syncellus via Panodorus, 196-198. This view is basically shared by Mosshammer 1979.77f.81.147; cf., however, Seel 1949,633f and Adler 1989,101-105, who are much more cautious (see also below, pp. X L I I ff). See Adler 1989,102f. For Annianus' chronological system, see Serruys 1907,260-262.

XXXVI

Introduction

4. The Text and its Transmission

XXXVII

after the d e a t h o f S a m s o n the judge. O n the o t h e r h a n d , he affirms that A f r i canus was r i g h t i n i n s e r t i n g these years i n the t o t a l s u m o f his chronography. T h i s i n f o r m a t i o n is i n t e r e s t i n g for t w o reasons. F i r s t l y , i t shows that A n n i a n u s , who was w r i t i n g i n A l e x a n d r i a at the t i m e o f b i s h o p T h e o p h i l u s ( 3 8 8 - 4 1 6 ) , for his o w n c h r o n o l o g i c a l calculations. k n e w and u s e d the Chronographiae

goes back t o h i m t h a n w h a t is d i r e c t l y a t t r i b u t e d b y means o f e x p l i c i t q u o t a t i o n . As a result, each list has been discussed separately, the specific reasons for each a t t r i b u t i o n b e i n g p r o v i d e d i n the notes t o the translation to the text. I n w h a t follows s o m e general c r i t e r i a are g i v e n : 1) T h e l i s t o f the Sicyonians (F51a) is explicitly attributed to A f r i c a n u s . T h i s list w i t h its specific features can serve as a m o d e l for s i m i l a r m a t e r i a l i n the Chronographiae. I t contains the n a m e s a n d dates o f kings w h o are r e c o r d e d i n s y n c h r o n i s m w i t h m a j o r events i n J e w i s h history. B o t h at the b e g i n n i n g a n d at the e n d o f the list there is an accurate c a l c u l a t i o n o f the years o f t h e k i n g d o m u n t i l the b e g i n n i n g o f O l . 1,1. W h e r e s i m i l a r features occur i n o t h e r lists w i t h i n the Excerpta Barbari, there is a s t r o n g l i k e l i h o o d that the i n f o r m a t i o n derives from Africanus. 2) Parallel texts i n o t h e r witnesses w h i c h explicitly m e n t i o n A f r i c a n u s a i d i n

Secondly, i t is m e t h o d o l o g i c a l l y remarkable t h a t A n n i a n u s used A f r i c a n u s t o p r o v e the i n c o n s i s t e n c y o f Eusebius' c h r o n o l o g i c a l system. T h e same approach is also f r e q u e n t i n Syncellus' c r i t i c i s m o f Eusebius. Regrettably, due t o t h e i r p o o r state o f p r e s e r v a t i o n , b o t h Panodorus a n d A n n i a n u s a r e o f l i t t l e use f o r the concrete r e c o n s t r u c t i o n o f A f r i c a n u s ' c h r o n i c l e . 4.2.2. The E x c e r p t a B a r b a r i T h e Excerpta Latina Barbari constitutes an 8* c e n t u r y L a t i n translation o f a n

the a t t r i b u t i o n o f some o f the lists i n t h e Excerpta

to h i m . It is i n t e r e s t i n g to n o t e

earlier G r e e k c h r o n i c l e , w h i c h was c o m p o s e d i n A l e x a n d r i a d u r i n g the r e i g n o f Z e n o ( 4 7 4 - 4 9 1 ) o r Anastasius ( 4 9 1 - 5 1 8 ) . I t b e g i n s w i t h A d a m a n d breaks o f f a b r u p d y i n A D 387. T h e t r a n s l a t i o n was m a d e i n M e r o v i n g i a n France b y a n anonymous ritissimus, author, w h o shows scarce k n o w l e d g e o f b o t h Greek a n d L a t i n . ineptus Hellenismi barbari, et Latinitatis o r Barbarus impeScaligeri. Temporum,
93

that such p a r a l l e l texts often come f r o m the chronicle o f John Malalas. Gelzer had already s u r m i s e d that there was a c o m m o n A l e x a n d r i a n source for b o t h authors, p r o p o s i n g the lost chronicle o f A n n i a n u s as the i n t e r m e d i a r y . i n the Excerpta Barbari
97

T h e lists

w h i c h show a s t r i k i n g affinity w i t h the t h o s e o f M a l a l a s

Scaliger refers to h i m as a homo barbarus

(where t h e y actually c a r r y the n a m e A f r i c a n u s ) are those dedicated to the A t h e n i a n s (F54) a n d the L a c e d a e m o n i a n s (F58). I n other cases, Syncellus can be p a r t i c u l a r l y useful w h e n i t comes t o a t t r i b u t i n g list material o f the Barbari the Excerpta Excerpta t o A f r i c a n u s . Even i f h i g h l y a b r i d g e d , the list o f E g y p t i a n dynasties i n clearly belongs to a v e r s i o n o f Manetho's list. T h e t o t a l n u m b e r o f Barbari agrees

h e n c e the c o n v e n t i o n a l name Excerpta

T h e text w a s first p u b l i s h e d b y Scaliger i n 1606, i n h i s Thesaurus Paris. Lat. 4 8 8 4 ) . T w o centuries later, the Excerpta A . Schoene i n 1875 a n d t h e n b y C. F r i c k i n 1892. the Excerpta Barbari
94

u s i n g a c o p y ( n o w H a m b u r g M s . hist. 269) o f t h e o r i g i n a l m a n u s c r i p t ( n o w was e d i t e d once again, first b y

years a t t r i b u t e d t o the d u r a t i o n o f each dynasty i n the Excerpta

D e s p i t e t h e i g n o r a n c e o f the translator, Scaliger was q u i c k to p o i n t o u t t h a t was a n i m p o r t a n t text for t h e u n d e r s t a n d i n g o f the C h r i s t i an c h r o n o g r a p h i c t r a d i t i o n after A f r i c a n u s a n d Eusebius. I n d e e d , there is n o w general a g r e e m e n t o n t h e fact that the a n o n y m o u s A l e x a n d r i a n c h r o n i c l e r h a d g o o d k n o w l e d g e o f t h e A f r i c a n u s material, w h e t h e r i t be d i r e c t or i n d i r e c t . various l i s t s o f k i n g s , w h o s e a t t r i b u t i o n to A f r i c a n u s seems h i g h l y p r o b a b l e .
95

w i t h t h a t g i v e n i n the list w h i c h Syncellus explicitly identifies as A f r i c a n u s ' version o f t h e list o r i g i n a l l y c o m p o s e d b y M a n e f h o . A s a result, i t is n o t u n reasonable t o suppose that the E g y p t i a n list i n the Excerpta comes f r o m the t r a d i t i o n o f the Chronographiae Barbari actually (F46, see app. 3).

T h i s applies chiefly, t h o u g h n o t exclusively, to t h e s e c o n d part, w h i c h contains


96

3) S o m e o t h e r lists can be a t t r i b u t e d t o A f r i c a n u s o n the basis o f a close pa rallel w i t h h i s c h r o n o l o g i c a l system. O n e decisive c r i t e r i o n is the e q u a t i o n O l . 1,1 = 1 A h a z . F u r t h e r reasons are e x p l a i n e d i n the notes to the t r a n s l a t i o n o f each list. It is also w o r t h r e m i n d i n g the r e a d e r that n o t all lists o f the Excerpta belong to the t r a d i t i o n o f A f r i c a n u s . The L a t i n k i n g s , the list o f Seleucids a n d the list o f the P t o l e m i e s , Barbari
98

A l t h o u g h t h e section does n o t derive f r o m A f r i c a n u s i n its entirety, m u c h m o r e

93 94

Scaliger 1606, 2 the title.

nd

pagination, p. 44-70 (= 16S8,58-85); the quoted epithets are to be found in

O n the central value of the Excerpta Barbari in Scaliger's study of Christian chronology, see Grafton 1983-93,2,560-569. For a general view of the text and its problems, see the preface in Frick 1892, furthermore Gelzer 2,316-329, Jacoby 1909, Bardenhewer 1913-32,4,91-93.

f o r example, are a l l i n c o n s i s t e n t w i t h the c h r o n o l o g i c a l system o f the Excerpta

of A f r i c a n u s . T h i s observation suggests that the Grundschrift w h i c h m i x e d A f r i c a n u s w i t h other sources.

was u s i n g A f r i c a n u s i n d i r e c t i y , d r a w i n g f r o m an i n t e r m e d i a r y w o r k

95 96

Scaliger 1606, 4

lh

pagination, p. 239 (reprinted and translated in Grafton 1983-93, 2,560f; the

text is missing in the second edition of 1658); Frick 1880,7f; Gelzer 1,137; Jacoby 1909,1570. 280,14-330,3 Frick. This section has the form of an excursus; it is inserted between the historical account from Adam to Cleopatra (first part) and from Caesar to A D 387 (third part); see Jacoby 1909,1568f. The relevant fragments are; F50 (Argives); F51a (Sicyonians); F54a (Athenians); F58 (Lacedaemonians); F59a (Corinthians); F62 (Medes); F63a (Lydians); F73 (Persians); F82 (Macedonians). 97 98

T h e relevant m a t e r i a l is not l i m i t e d , however, to just b a r r e n lists o f kings. The Excerpta Barbari also plays a n i m p o r t a n t role i n the r e c o n s t r u c t i o n o f A f r i -

Gelzer 2,329. 300,13-302,29,316,19-320,2 and 320,3-21 Frick respectively.

XXXVIII

Introduction

4. The Text and its Transmission

XXXIX

canus' u n d e r s t a n d i n g o f Greek h i s t o r y before a n d after 0 1 . 1,1. O c c a s i o n a l l y h i s t o r i c a l n o t e s are i n s e r t e d into t h e lists o f k i n g s . A n o t h e r f r a g m e n t , w h i c h ex p l i c i t l y q u o t e s A f r i c a n u s as a source, gives a list o f famous G r e e k w r i t e r s , p h i l o sophers a n d (F81b).
99

O l y m p i a n Zeus, r e c o r d e d after a b r i e f reference t o the L a c e d a e m o n i a n a n d C o r i n t h i a n kings. A s i n other sources, t h e fact that Malalas quotes A f r i c a n u s does n o t necessa r i l y m e a n that he h a d d i r e c t k n o w l e d g e o f his w o r k . B y c o m p a r i n g d i f f e r e n t t r a d i t i o n s , such as M a l a l a s a n d the Excerpta Barbari, i t becomes clear that M a l a las usually reduces the t e x t o f the Chronographiae t o scant a n d inaccurate i n f o r

artists w h o allegedly l i v e d u n d e r t h e Persian k i n g A r t a x e r x e s o n l y k n e w Africanus i n d i r e c t l y a n d even

E v e n i f t h e a u t h o r o f t h e Excerpta

i f t h e u n d e r l y i n g c h r o n i c l e is preserved o n l y i n a p o o r L a t i n t r a n s l a t i o n , the q u a l i t y o f t h e t r a n s m i s s i o n is s u r p r i s i n g l y h i g h . T h i s can be s h o w n i n F78 w h i c h deals w i t h t h e 70 weeks o f D a n i e l a n d w h e r e t h e w o r d i n g o f t h e Excerpta to b e closer t o a parallel i n the Chronicon Paschale seems t h a n to t h e o n e i n Eusebius

m a t i o n . I n some o f his m o r e developed discourses, i t is n o t always clear w h a t data Malalas is actually a t t r i b u t i n g t o Africanus as a source. T h e record o f t h e f l o o d u n d e r Ogygus i n M a l a l a s 3,11 ( = T54c) reveals, for example, a c o n f u s i n g c o n t a m i n a t i o n o f at least t w o sources. Even i f t h e w o r d s resemble those o f A f r i c a n u s (see F54b f o r Syncellus' version), the q u o t a t i o n o f A f r i c a n u s o u g h t t o be s t r i c t l y c o n f i n e d to t h e r e c k o n i n g o f the n u m b e r o f years f r o m the f l o o d t o 1 Cecrops. T h e statement t h a t Ogygus perished i n t h e f l o o d does n o t come f r o m A f r i c a n u s h i m s e l f (see F 3 4 , 3 8 f ) . E i t h e r i t comes f r o m another source or i t is t h e

(see n . 1 t o t h e t e x t ) . T h i s is a sign o f t h e h i g h q u a l i t y o f the f o r m e r t w o sources w h i c h w e r e o t h e r w i s e c o m p i l e d i n d e p e n d e n t l y o f each other.

4.3. C h r o n i c l e s f r o m the A n t i o c h e n e T r a d i t i o n 4.3.1. John Malalas


t h

result o f confusion i n M a l a l a s ' r e a s o n i n g .

102

T h e general o p i n i o n is that Malalas o n l y k n e w A f r i c a n u s John M a l a l a s w r o t e a chronicle i n A n t i o c h d u r i n g the first h a l f o f t h e 6 century. the Chronographiae.

second-hand,

t h r o u g h an i n t e r m e d i a r y . H e does n o t adhere t o t h e c h r o n o l o g i c a l f r a m e w o r k o f A f a m i l i a r i t y that was o n l y i n d i r e c t m i g h t also explain w h y Malalas seems to use i n f o r m a t i o n w h i c h o n l y deals w i t h t h e lists o f kings, f a i l i n g to quote A f r i c a n u s o n o t h e r matters. Gelzer p r e s u m e d t h a t t h e lost w o r k o f t h e A l e x a n d r i a n A n n i a n u s was an i m p o r t a n t source f o r t h e first p a r t o f Malalas' chronicle.
103

A second e d i t i o n ( o r version) o f h i s w o r k was c o m p o s e d i n C o n s t a n t i n o p l e after the d e a t h o f Justinian i n 565. T h e c h r o n i c l e is eighteen b o o k s l o n g a n d deals w i t h the p e r i o d reaching f r o m A d a m d o w n t o A D 565. A s e x p l a i n e d i n the preface o f h i s w o r k , the Chronographia o f M a l a l a s was d i v i d e d i n t o t w o parts. The first p a r t deals w i t h universal h i s t o r y f r o m t h e creation o f A d a m d o w n t o the e m p e r o r Z e n o ( A D 4 7 4 ) . I n t h e s e c o n d p a r t , Malalas records t h e events f r o m Z e n o d o w n t o his o w n d a y ( b o o k s 1 5 - 1 8 ) . T h e m a i n sources f o r t h e first p a r t were i n d i c a t e d i n the preface. A m o n g these authors, Malalas i n c l u d e d I u l i u s A f r i c a n u s t h e c h r o n o g r a p h e r ( T 1 0 ) . I n v a r i o u s passages i n b o o k s 2 - 8 , Malalas actually c i t e s h i m as a source. those o f a r c h a i c Greece.
101 100

T h i s t h e o r y c o u l d e x p l a i n the h i g h level o f concordance b e t w e e n Barbari, i n p a r t i c u l a r f o r t h e lists o f kings; however,

Malalas a n d the Excerpta this is o n l y a hypothesis. 4.3.2. John of Antioch

John o f A n t i o c h w r o t e h i s Historia

chronica

i n C o n s t a n t i n o p l e at the b e g i n n i n g

o f t h e r e i g n o f H e r a c l i u s ( 6 1 0 - 6 4 1 ) . H i s k n o w l e d g e o f A f r i c a n u s is clearly second-hand; it d e p e n d s w h o l l y o n John Malalas t o w h o m he was closely rela ted. I t has also been o b s e r v e d that i n his first t w o b o o k s , J o h n o f A n t i o c h supple m e n t s Malalas' scant i n f o r m a t i o n o n biblical h i s t o r y w i t h another u n k n o w n C h r i s t i a n chronicle (e.g. t h e histories o f k i n g D a v i d a n d k i n g S o l o m o n ) . H o w ever, there is no evidence t h a t this second source p e r t a i n s to A f r i c a n u s o r to t h a t

M o s t o f t h e references to A f r i c a n u s c o n c e r n the lists o f k i n g s , i n p a r t i c u l a r The l i s t o f t h e P t o l e m a i c dynasty f o u n d i n M a l a l a s o u g h t also t o be considered as a n o t h e r A f r i c a n u s fragment ( F 8 6 ) . S o m e o t h e r texts a t t r i b u t e d to A f r i c a n u s p r o v i d e us w i t h different k i n d s o f i n f o r m a t i o n , b u t they are a l w a y s used i n a context w h i c h is l i n k e d t o the k i n g lists. E x a m p l e s are F74 w h i c h r e c o r d s the Samian thalassocracy, together w i t h t h e conquests o f C y r u s , t h e first k i n g o f Persia, or F60 w h i c h deals w i t h the first festival o f the

102 Another significant example could be mentioned. Malalas relates that Africanus wrote on the kingdom of Thebes (see T61). However, this information follows a long excursus on the 99 For the Excerpta Barbari as evidence for Greek history in Africanus, see Gelzer 1,118-137. mythical history of Boetia and Thebes, which cannot automatically be attributed to Africanus (see Io. Mai. 2,14-17). We know from other passages in the work (e.g. F34,90f) that Africanus included some of these themes in his description of Greek history after Moses; but we have very little evidence of them in the surviving fragments (F50,17f; F54a,17f). It seems, therefore, safer to include only the section of this long excursus, where Africanus is quoted by Malalas. For a different perspective, see Gelzer 1,140. 103 Gelzer 2,137f. 100 O n the relationship between Africanus and Malalas, see Jeffreys 1990,172f. For the importance of Malalas' framework of the ancient past (from the creation to the Trojan war) and Byzantine chronography in general, see Jeffreys 1979. A n excellent general introduction with recent bibliography on Malalas is Jeffreys 2003. 101 Sicyonians (F51b), Athenians (F54c), Lacedaemonians (F58b), Corinthians (F59b) and Thebans (T61). T h e same applies to the list of Lydian kings (F63b).

XL

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4. The Text and its Transmission

XLI

o f a c l o s e l y related c h r o n i c l e . I n d e e d , this source does n o t f o l l o w the c h r o n o logical system of Africanus. Baroccianus


1 0 4

author o f t h e c o l l e c t i o n was, nor d o w e k n o w h o w these excerpts w e r e t r a n s m i t t e d , o r w h y t h e y w e r e connected t o t h e s e c o n d part o f the Excerpta siana, d e r i v i n g f r o m J o h n o f A n t i o c h .
1 0 7

Nevertheless, the t e x t o f J o h n o f A n t i o c h is s t i l l

Salma

u s e f u l , since i t occasionally offers a b e t t e r v e r s i o n o f M a l a l a s ' t e x t t h a n the c o d e x 182, w h i c h is t h e o n l y m a n u s c r i p t t o have c o m e d o w n t o us b e l o n g i n g t o the d i r e c t t r a n s m i s s i o n i n Greek. A g o o d e x a m p l e is t h e c a l c u l a t i o n o f t h e years f r o m t h e E x o d u s o f Moses u p t o the first year o f Cecrops i n A t h e n s . W h i l e the c o d e x Baroccianus 182 attributes 270 years t o t h i s t i m e - s p a n , John o f A n t i o c h , u s i n g his c o p y o f M a l a l a s , gives i t o n l y 206 years. T h i s n u m b e r c o r r e s p o n d s exactly w i t h t h e c h r o n o l o g y o f A f r i c a n u s ( T 5 4 c ) a n d allows us t o c o r r e c t t h e reference t o 208 years i n the Excerpta Barbari (F54a,4).

Such p r o b l e m s d o n o t d i m i n i s h i n a n y w a y the i m p o r t a n c e o f these texts i n the t r a n s m i s s i o n o f t h e Chronographiae. A s M i i l l e r p o i n t e d o u t , the excerpts are identical t o s o m e w e l l - a t t r i b u t e d fragments o f A f r i c a n u s , q u o t e d b y Eusebius o r Syncellus. H o w e v e r , t h e transmission o f these texts is n o t d i r e c d y r e l a t e d t o either Eusebius o r Syncellus, since p a r t o f the m a t e r i a l has parallels o n l y i n o n e o f the authors a n d n o t the other.
108

T h e m a t e r i a l c a n be d i v i d e d i n t o t h e f o l l o w i n g groups: . fr. 1*: t h i s e x c e r p t i n c l u d e s three d i f f e r e n t texts, each o f w h i c h deals w i t h t h e Antioch) c h r o n o l o g i c a l r e l a t i o n s h i p between t h e E x o d u s o f Moses f r o m E g y p t a n d t h e first (F34) year o f C y r u s i n O l . 55,1. C o m p a r i s o n w i t h the v e r s i o n o f Syncellus c l e a r l y s h o w s that the texts are t a k e n f r o m the Chronographiae of

4.3.3. Anonymous T h e Excerpta Vat. rum,

Material

in the Excerpta Salmasiana (Ps. John of

Salmasiana
th

c o n s t i t u t e s a c o l l e c t i o n o f texts c o p i e d b y C l a u d i u s
th

Salmasius at the b e g i n n i n g o f t h e 1 7 Pal. 9 3 , 1 2

century f r o m a codex i n Heidelberg ( n o w Historicorum Graeco-

cent.). I t consists o f t w o groups o f excerpts, the first o f w h i c h

Africanus. fr. 2*-22*: these texts deal w i t h Greek m y t h o l o g y a n d ancient h i s t o r y u p t o t h e first O l y m p i a d . A t first sight, there does n o t seem to be any evidence o f s o m e sort o f t e x t u a l c o n n e c t i o n w i t h any o f the s u r v i v i n g fragments o f A f r i c a n u s . H o w e v e r , several elements reveal a c e r t a i n a f f i n i t y w i t h the Chronographiae. These e l e m e n t s i n c l u d e the s t r u c t u r e , s o m e lexical features, the t o p i c s , s u c h as the r a t i o n a l i z i n g i n t e r p r e t a t i o n o f m y t h s (e.g. the i n t e r p r e t a t i o n a c c o r d i n g to Palaephatus), a n d the attempt to create s y n c h r o n i s m s b e t w e e n G r e e k a n d Jewish h i s t o r y . fr. 23*-30*: these texts c o m e f r o m the l i s t o f E g y p t i a n kings o f M a n e t h o i n t h e v e r s i o n o f A f r i c a n u s (F46). A s t r i k i n g c o n f i r m a t i o n o f this a t t r i b u t i o n comes f r o m a n i n s e r t i o n w i t h i n the E g y p t i a n excerpts o f a t e x t a b o u t S e m i r a m i s , queen o f A s s y r i a . T h i s i n f o r m a t i o n is attested i n the Chronographiae different s e c t i o n : F 3 4 . 5 1 - 5 3 ) . fr. 3 1 * : t h i s s m a l l f r a g m e n t , dealing w i t h t h e late Seleucid dynasty, shows n o evidence o f a n y relationship w i t h A f r i c a n u s ; i n a d d i t i o n , A f r i c a n u s ' list o f Seleucid k i n g s is lost. fr. 32*: t h i s e x c e r p t , c o n c e r n i n g Aegialeus, k i n g o f Sicyon, is c o m p l e t e l y i n k e e p i n g w i t h A f r i c a n u s ' interest i n t h e archaic kings o f Greece ( F 5 1 ) . fr. 33*-36*: t h i s g r o u p o f short texts derives f r o m Africanus' list o f v i c t o r s i n the O l y m p i c games (F65). fr. 37*: t h i s e x c e r p t , d e a l i n g w i t h H o l o p h e r n e s a n d i d e n t i f y i n g Cambyses N e b u c h a d n e z z a r I I , also comes f r o m A f r i c a n u s ( T 7 5 ) . as (in a

was p u b l i s h e d b y K a r l M i i l l e r , i n 1851 i n his Fragmenta

v o l . 4 , as fr. 1, u n d e r t h e n a m e o f John o f A n t i o c h . I n a note o n the same

page, h o w e v e r , he e x p l a i n s t h a t these fragments d o n o t b e l o n g to John o f A n t i o c h , c o n t r a r y t o t h e s e c o n d p a r t , w h i c h does. F u r t h e r m o r e , he indicates t h a t t h e y d e m o n s t r a t e a clear c o n n e c t i o n w i t h the c h r o n o g r a p h i c t r a d i t i o n o f A f r i canus, Eusebius and Syncellus.
105

Gelzer considered t h e m as o r i g i n a l excerpts U n f o r t u n a t e l y , he neglected to c o n Salmasiana was generally was there mieuxunder

f r o m b o o k s 3 a n d 4 o f t h e Chronographiae.

sult the f o o t n o t e i n M u l l e r ' s e d i t i o n a n d assumedfalselythat these excerpts c a m e f r o m J o h n o f A n t i o c h . A f t e r Gelzer, the Excerpta c o n s i d e r e d t o derive f r o m J o h n o f A n t i o c h , whose Historia chronica

f o r e i n c o r r e c t l y seen as a k e y w o r k i n the t r a n s m i s s i o n o f A f r i c a n u s . T h e n e w e d i t i o n o f J o h n o f A n t i o c h ( R o b e r t o 2005a) p u t themfaute de t h e n a m e o f an a n o n y m o u s ps. J o h n o f A n t i o c h .


1 0 6

W e d o not k n o w w h o the

104 105

O n the problem, see Roberto 2005a,CXXX. For a different interpretation, cf. Sotiroudis

1989,145f. Quae hucusque depriscis Graecorum barbarorumque temporibus legimus optime conveniunt cum melioris notae chronicis Africani, Eusebii, Syncelli. Exspectaveris excerptorum istorum seriem iisdem ducibus iam ad certiorem historiam nos deducturam esse. At non ita se res habet. Nam quae deinceps in Salmasii codice leguntur, denuo redeunt ad antiquissimam Assyriorum, Aegyptiorum, Graecorum memoriam, eamque eodem plane modo explicant, quern ex deterioris farinae chronologis, ex Malala, Cedreno, similibus, bene novimus. Ad posteriorem hanc antiquae historiae expositionem pertinent, quae ex Ioanne excerpta praebent Tituli Constant. Tlepi ApeTfjc. et Uipi imjSov\Qv, nec non codex Paris. 1630. Quae quum ita sint, haud temere contendere mini videor Ex cerpta ista Salmasiana ex duobus chronicis fluxisse eorumque partem priorem, quam modo apposui, ab Ioanne nostro alienam esse. Miiller 1851,538, referring to his fr. 1. 106 First ed. in Miiller 1851, 538-540 as fr. 1, new edition: Roberto 2005a,556-575, which is followed here. See also Sotiroudis 1989,139-141, Roberto 2 0 0 5 a , L X X I V - L X X V I I , Roberto 2005b.

107 For a general discussion of the Excerpta Salmasiana, see Roberto 2005b. The whole collection has a 12 century terminus ante quern, when the manuscript Vat. gr. 96the first codex con taining both groups of excerptswas written. 108 A detailed analysis can be found in Roberto 2005b,271-288.
th

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XLIII

regards the e d i t i o n o f A f r i c a n u s , the f o l l o w i n g c o n c l u s i o n s are p e r t i n e n t : Salmasiana are d i r e c t l y c o n n e c t e d to t h e Hence, t h e y are u s u a l l y q u o t e d i n apparatus 3

em AEteux;) a n d t e x t u a l lacunae (e.g., Kal uex' oAtya, rat ue9' erepa). A n o r i ginally c o n t i n u o u s narrative o f the F l o o d ( F 2 3 ) survives i n Syncellus' c h r o n i c l e as t w o separate excerpts. The fact t h a t Syncellus describes a l e n g t h y passage o f Africanus' c h r o n i c l e (F89) as an "epitome" i m p l i e s that i t was either a precis o f a longer passage, o r a collection o f m a t e r i a l c u l l e d f r o m various places i n h i s chronicle. Tables a n d lists o r i g i n a t i n g i n A f r i c a n u s ' chronicle m a y also have b e e n condensed. A f r i c a n u s ' list o f the b i b l i c a l patriarchs f r o m A d a m t o A b r a h a m probably c o n t a i n e d expository n a r r a t i v e t h a t Syncellus chose to exclude (see F16a, n . 1). A l t h o u g h Africanus' v e r s i o n o f Manetho's list o f E g y p t i a n k i n g s probably i n c l u d e d the dynastic successions o f the d i v i n e a n d s e m i - d i v i n e r u l e r s before t h e F l o o d (cf. F43, n . 1), Syncellus o n l y transcribes the 30 dynasties o f t h e h u m a n k i n g s o f E g y p t (F46). A m b i g u i t i e s i n Syncellus' m e t h o d o f q u o t i n g sometimes m a k e i t d i f f i c u l t t o ascertain t h e e x t e n t a n d literalness o f t h e source material taken f r o m A f r i c a n u s ' chronicle. Use o f phrases such as K O T & 6e A 9 p i r a v 6 v or wc, cpr|criv 6 Acppncavoc, do not necessarily m e a n that Syncellus is q u o t i n g directly. C o m p a r i s o n w i t h other sources shows, for example, t h a t Syncellus' references to A f r i c a n u s ' a c c o u n t o f the m i r a c u l o u s t e r e b i n t h tree (F30a) a n d the ancestry o f H e r o d t h e G r e a t (F87b) were paraphrases. A n u n a t t r i b u t e d passage dealing w i t h the r u l e r s o f Athens ( F 5 4 d ) conflates Africanus' c h r o n o l o g y o f the annual A t h e n i a n archons w i t h c h r o n o l o g i c a l i n f o r m a t i o n f r o m o t h e r sources. Even i n a t t r i b u t e d excerpts, the scope o f t h e c i t a t i o n can be a m b i g u o u s (cf. F19, F84). C o r r u p t i o n s o f A f r i c a n u s w i t h i n t h e w o r k o f Syncellus are m o s t c o m m o n i n the t r a n s c r i p t i o n o f n u m e r i c a l data. T h e o r i g i n a l numbers o f A f r i c a n u s ' i n t r i c a t e e x p o s i t i o n o f t h e calendar u n d e r l y i n g Daniel's apocalypse o f 70 weeks ( D a n i e l 9,24-27) are n o w a l m o s t irrecoverable f r o m Syncellus' faulty t r a n s c r i p t i o n o f t h e m ( F 9 3 , 7 0 - 7 7 ) . Emendations b y a later e d i t o r are p a r t i c u l a r l y noticeable i n Syncellus' s u m m a r y o f Africanus' a c c o u n t o f t h e dissolution o f t h e P t o l e m a i c k i n g d o m ( F 8 9 ) . I n this passage, a c o r r e c t i o n o f Africanus' 300-year c h r o n o l o g y o f the Persian e m p i r e to "300 less t w o " (1. 54) harmonizes his r e c k o n i n g w i t h Syncellus' o w n system (see n . 4 ad l o c ) . A reference to the " 2 4 year a c c o r d i n g to the A n t i o c h e n e s " i n the same passage m a y be a later a d d i t i o n b y an e d i t o r o f Syrian p r o v e n a n c e (see 11. 66f and n . 7 a d l o c ) . I n his paraphrase o f A f r i c a n u s ' account o f t h e m i r a c u l o u s t e r e b i n t h tree, a t e r m for prayers u s e d i n the Byzantine l i t u r g y (rac, EicrsvdcJ has r e p l a c e d a reference t o b u r n t offerings (rac. eKcn:6u(3ac), w h i c h , a c c o r d i n g to A f r i c a n u s , w e r e p o s i t i o n e d o n the altar before the tree (F30a,10, cf. F30b,10). C o n f u s i o n a b o u t Africanus' use o f t h e w o r d parousia p r o b a b l y accounts for the later a n d u n g r a m m a t i c a l i n s e r t i o n o f the words K a i tfjc avctaT&aswc. into a sentence d e a l i n g w i t h the b e g i n n i n g o f the m i n i s t r y o f Jesus i n A M 5531 (F93,109f a n d n . 18 ad l o c ) . As he does w i t h his other sources, Syncellus frequently volunteers his o w n j u d g m e n t s o n A f r i c a n u s ' abilities as a c h r o n o g r a p h e r and a h i s t o r i a n . A f r i c a n u s '
th

m o s t o f t h e first p a r t o f t h e Excerpta t r a d i t i o n o f the Chronographiae. the Chronographiae

o f t h e e d i t i o n . T w o excerpts, w h i c h come f r o m the first p a r t o f Manetho's list i n a n d w h i c h are absent i n Syncellus, are presented as a n o r i g i n a l t e x t f r o m A f r i c a n u s (F43b a n d F44). A p a r t f r o m fr. 31*, w h i c h does n o t b e l o n g t o A f r i c a n u s , t h e g r o u p o f excerpts d e a l i n g w i t h t h e m y t h i c a l h i s t o r y o f Greece ( f r . 2*-22*) s t i l l r e m a i n s dubious. Gelzer notes that m a n y excerpts c o n c u r w i t h the a r g u m e n t s e x p o u n d e d b y A f r i c a n u s i n b o o k 3 as p a r t o f his discourse o n Greek m y t h i c a l h i s t o r y after Moses (see F 3 4 . 8 9 - 9 2 ) . F u r t h e r m o r e , s o m e o f t h e excerpts r e v e a l v a r i o u s synchronisms b e t w e e n Greek a n d Jewish h i s t o r y . A s a result, Gelzer was i n c l i n e d t o consider a l l these texts as fragments of Africanus.
1 0 9

B u t since this c a n n o t be p r o v e n b e y o n d a l l reasonable d o u b t , t h e

t e x t s have n o t been i n c l u d e d here. Nevertheless, i t seems plausible, even likely, t h a t they d o i n d e e d s t e m f r o m A f r i c a n u s . O n e hopes t h a t m o r e evidence w i l l b e f o r t h c o m i n g i n the f u t u r e , a l l o w i n g a m o r e secure a t t r i b u t i o n .

4.4. G e o r g i u s Syncellus T h e Ecloga creation.


110

Chronographica,

c o m p o s e d b y Georgius Syncellus i n C o n s t a n t i n o p l e

b e t w e e n t h e years 8 0 8 - 8 1 0 , is a c h r o n i c l e o f w o r l d h i s t o r y , b e g i n n i n g w i t h t h e W h e n Syncellus' d e a t h prevented h i m f r o m c o m p l e t i n g the w o r k , i t


111

was left t o a f e l l o w m o n k T h e o p h a n e s to c o n t i n u e t h e c h r o n i c l e f r o m the r e i g n o f D i o c l e t i a n d o w n t o h i s o w n day. graphiae'?, Because m u c h o f w h a t is k n o w n o f A f r i c a Chrono n u s ' c h r o n i c l e survives o n l y i n Syncellus, the r e c o n s t r u c t i o n o f the e x t e n t o n t h i s source. T h e a s s o r t e d m a t e r i a l t a k e n f r o m Africanus reveals v a r y i n g degrees o f e d i t o r i a l i n t e r v e n t i o n , r a n g i n g f r o m excerpts to epitomes, paraphrases a n d nia. testimoThe h e a d i n g s o f several o f his excerpts i n c l u d e d e s c r i p t i v e s u m m a r i e s o f t h e

contents, s t r u c t u r e a n d c h r o n o l o g i c a l f o u n d a t i o n depends to a large

passage c o n t e n t s (F15, F 2 3 , F79, F 9 3 ) . I n t w o places, Syncellus ascribes A f r i canus' analysis o f c o m p a r a t i v e Greco-Jewish c h r o n o l o g y t o the t h i r d b o o k o f t h e Chronographiae (see app. t o F34.38.104). D i r e c t q u o t a t i o n s f r o m A f r i c a n u s are c o m m o n l y d i s t i n g u i s h e d w i t h f o r m u l a i c phrases, i n d i c a t i n g l i t e r a l c i t a t i o n (e.g.,

109 110

Gelzer"" and Gelzer 1,118-137. Critical edition by Mosshammer 1984. For an English translation, see Adler/Tuffin 2002. T h e older C S H B edition of Dindorf 1829 is still useful. For discussion of Syncellus' use of and dependence on earlier authorities, including Africanus, see most recently Adler/Tuffin 2002,lxlxix. F o r the more important previous studies, see Mosshammer 1984,xxvi-xxx; Huxley 1981; Laqueur 1932; Gelzer 2,176-189; G . G . Bredow, Dissertatio de Georgii Syncelli Chronographia, in D i n d o r f 1829, 2,3-49; J. Goar, Praefatio, in Dindorf 1829,2,53-73.

111

Ed.de B o o r 1883-85. For an English translation of Theophanes, see Mango/Scott 1997.

XLIV

Introduction

4. The Text and its Transmission

XLV O l d e r editions o f c e r t a i n
116

date o f A b r a h a m ' s m i g r a t i o n t o C a n a a n ( T 1 6 p ) , the age that he assigns t o Jacob w h e n he a r r i v e s i n M e s o p o t a m i a ( T 2 8 a ) , his c h r o n o l o g y o f the A r g i v e k i n g d o m ( T 4 9 ) a n d h i s i d e n t i f i c a t i o n o f C a m b y s e s as Nebuchadnezzar Syncellus' c o m m e n t s are e m b e d d e d i n t h e actual excerpt.
112

n e w critical e d i t i o n b y Staffan W a h l g r e n is a w a i t e d . a n d "Theodosius M e l i t e n u s " also b e e n c o n s u l t e d .


118 117

115

manuscripts are available, t h e t w o m o s t i m p o r t a n t b e i n g "Leo G r a m m a t i c u s "

( T 7 5 a ) , a l l elicit

, a l t h o u g h the n a m e s are m o r e o r less a r b i t r a r y

f r o m S y n c e l l u s the same o n e - w o r d r e a c t i o n : d6uvcn:ov. I n t e r e s t i n g l y , a few o f The w o r d dmcrrov ( " n o t c r e d i b l e " ) is added at the e n d o f A f r i c a n u s ' discussion o f h o w t e r m s such as t h e "sons o f G o d " a n d the "daughters o f m e n " i n Genesis ( 6 , 2 - 4 ) m i g h t best be i n t e r p r e t e d ( F 2 3 , l l ) . I n addition, a refutation o f Africanus' dating o f the Exodus d u r i n g t h e r e i g n o f the E g y p t i a n k i n g A m o s i s appears t w i c e a n d i n i d e n t i c a l w o r d i n g i n A f r i c a n u s ' list o f E g y p t i a n k i n g s (F46,134f and n . 6 a d l o c ) . T h e r o u g h a n d u n f i n i s h e d character o f the e d i t i n g o f some o f these excerpts supports R . Laqueur's conjecture t h a t Syncellus' death p r e v e n t e d
113

a n d c a r r y n o h i s t o r i c a l w e i g h t . I n a few cases, t h e m a n u s c r i p t Vat. gr. 163 has A c c o r d i n g to s o m e earlier studies o n the q u e s t i o n , a text published u n d e r the n a m e o f "Iulius P o l l u x " o r "ps. Polydeuces"
119

was also considered part o f t h e

S y m e o n Logothete t r a d i t i o n . However, Staffan W a h l g r e n has s h o w n that this t e x t is an independent p a r a l l e l source, w h i c h , i n the early partsup to Julius Caesar coincides w i t h S y m e o n . I t seems plausible, therefore, t h a t t h e text goes b a c k t o a c o m m o n source, c h r o n i c l i n g the p e r i o d f r o m c r e a t i o n u p t o the first c e n t u r y B C ; t h i s Grundschrift c a n be h y p o t h e t i c a l l y d a t e d t o t h e 6
th

him

from

century.

120

For t h e

c o m p l e t i n g t h e revisions to w h a t was r e a l l y o n l y a first d r a f t .

N o r should we

p u r p o s e o f o u r e d i t i o n , o n l y this text is relevant ( w i t h t h e one exception o f F 9 7 ) . A s an independent t e s t i m o n y for the chronicle o f S y m e o n Logothete, therefore, the text o f "Iulius P o l l u x " deserves particular a t t e n t i o n . Purely for the sake o f simplicity, the latter has b e e n i n c l u d e d i n the siglum "Sym. Log". I n dealing w i t h these t w o sources, i t m u s t always be r e m e m b e r e d t h a t t h e consensus o f S y m e o n p r o p e r l y speaking a n d I u l . Pol. goes f u r t h e r back t h a n t h e 10* century. Gelzer has l o n g since u n d e r l i n e d the i m p o r t a n c e o f the Logothete c h r o n i c l e for the r e c o n s t r u c t i o n o f the Chronographiae.
121

assume t h a t Syncellus o r the later m a n u s c r i p t t r a d i t i o n was solely responsible for t h e glosses, corrections, c o r r u p t i o n s a n d r e w o r k i n g s o f t h e t e x t o f A f r i c a n u s . A l t h o u g h a n e n t r y i n Photius i m p l i e s t h a t a complete copy o f t h e phiae Chronogra e x i s t e d i n C o n s t a n t i n o p l e ( T i l ) , i t is e n t i r e l y possible t h a t Syncellus'

k n o w l e d g e o f A f r i c a n u s depended o n a p r e v i o u s l y edited c o r p u s o f c i t a t i o n s , t r a n s m i t t e d t o h i m by intermediaries.

A l t h o u g h the author

draws

4.5. T h e L o g o t h e t e C h r o n i c l e a n d Related Texts T h i s t i t l e c o v e r s a n u m b e r o f B y z a n t i n e chronicles i n w h i c h i t is unclear w h e t h e r we are d e a l i n g w i t h a single m a n u s c r i p t , a n sometimes independent

heavily u p o n A f r i c a n u s , v e r y little o f the m a t e r i a l concerns e x p l i c i t l y a t t r i b u t e d quotations ( o n l y F24, F53, F97). I n the m a j o r i t y o f cases, the o r i g i n can b e ascertained o n l y o n t h e basis o f parallel texts preserved elsewhere (mosdy Syncellus). I n such cases, the text o f Symeon L o g o t h e t e is placed i n the t h i r d apparatus o f the m a i n ( a t t r i b u t e d ) text. Obviously, w i t h such extensive, b u t u n a t t r i b u t e d use o f A f r i c a n u s , one c a n n o t help b u t conjecture that m u c h m o r e m a t e r i a l exists t h a n has actually b e e n identified t h r o u g h parallels w i t h external sources. T h i s is p r o b a b l y t r u e and m o r e fragments m i g h t be f o r t h c o m i n g i n t h e future, especially for t h e early parts, dealing w i t h the p e r i o d f r o m A d a m t o Abraham.
122

r e d a c t i o n o f a n existing w o r k , or an a u t o n o m o u s chronicle. Research o n these texts is s t i l l a t a p r e l i m i n a r y stage a n d therefore o n l y p r o v i s i o n a l s t a t e m e n t s are possible h e r e . A f u r t h e r p r o b l e m lies i n t h e fact that c u r r e n t research s t i l l tends to focus o n t h e latter p a r t o f these c h r o n i c l e s , at the expense o f t h e less o r i g i n a l earlier s e c t i o n s . B u t because the earlier parts are largely d e r i v a t i v e , t h e y are h i g h l y r e l e v a n t for the r e c o n s t r u c t i o n o f o l d e r w o r k s , i n c l u d i n g A f r i c a n u s ' . 4.5.1. Symeon Logothete

Nevertheless,

for m e t h o d o l o g i c a l reasons the present e d i t i o n

115 Wahlgren's edition appeared after completion of the work on our edition, see above p. V I . 116 Paris, gr. 1711,11 cent., ed. Bekker 1842. 117 Monac. gr. 218,11
th th

The c h r o n i c l e b e a r i n g the n a m e S y m e o n Logothete runs f r o m t h e c r e a t i o n o f the w o r l d u p to the year 948 a n d was w r i t t e n presumably s h o r t l y after its e n d date i n t h e s e c o n d h a l f o f the 1 0
th

cent., ed. Tafel 1859; for the name, see Rresten 1976,208-212.

118 Staffan Wahlgren kindly put a microfilm of this manuscript at our disposal. 119 Ironically, for this text there is a reliable edition on the basis of a late manuscript (Monac. gr. 181, 16* cent., used by Hardt 1792) and a flawed edition on the basis of the best manuscript (Ambr. D34 sup., 11
th

c e n t u r y . Previous versions c a n b e h y p o t h e 114

tically r e c o n s t r u c t e d back to the t i m e o f Justinian I I ( t 7 1 1 ) a n d t h e year 8 4 2 .

cent., used by Bianconi 1795). Because of the important Milan a better name

T h e text h a s c o m e d o w n t o us i n o v e r t h i r t y different Greek m a n u s c r i p t s a n d a

manuscript, this text has also been called Chronicum Ambrosianumceftzmbf

than the ones used i n the two editions. O n names, transmission and editions, see Kresten 1969. 120 Wahlgren 2003. These findings were partially anticipated by Gelzer (unpublished), who at the beginning of his manuscript gave the reconstruction of an "Epitome der jiidischen Geschichte" 112 For further discussion, see Laqueur 1932,1389. 113 Laqueur 1932,1407. 114 See K a z h d a n 1991; Wahlgren 2006. (Gelzer , file 1, section A ) . 121 Gelzer 1,57-72. 122 See Wallraff 2006,56-58.
5

XLVI

Introduction

4. The Text and its Transmission

XLVII

r e m a i n s c a u t i o u s . W h e r e there is neither a n e x p l i c i t a t t r i b u t i o n , n o r a d i r e c t p a r a l l e l i n Syncellus o r elsewhere, cases i n w h i c h w e have actually been able t o a s c r i b e m a t e r i a l to A f r i c a n u s w i t h a sufficient degree o f c e r t a i n t y r e m a i n v e r y few(F25,F35,F76). I t is v i r t u a l l y i m p o s s i b l e to establish w h e r e S y m e o n Logothete (or r a t h e r h i s Grundschrift working f o r t h e early parts) t o o k the A f r i c a n u s m a t e r i a l f r o m . I t w o u l d with other chronicles or handbooks. Whatever the channel of p e r h a p s b e p r u d e n t t o assume that he h a d s o m e s o r t o f i n d i r e c t k n o w l e d g e , t r a n s m i s s i o n , i t seems t o have been i n d e p e n d e n t o f o u r t w o other m a i n sources Eusebius a n d S y n c e l l u s m a k i n g it all the m o r e p r e c i o u s for the e d i t i o n o f Africanus. 4.5.2. Ps. Symeon and Cedrenus Georgius Chrono

F24, w h e r e ps. Symeon a n d Cedrenus b o t h p r o v i d e us w i t h a m o r e elaborate v e r s i o n , i n c o m p a r i s o n to that f o u n d i n Leo G r a m m a t i c u s a n d Melitenus.


125

Theodosius

I n ps. Symeon-Cedrenus, the interest i n Africanus is p a r t i c u l a r l y f o c u s e d o n his a c c o u n t o f Jewish h i s t o r y d o w n u n t i l t h e B a b y l o n i a n captivity. H e b r e w ety m o l o g i e s also s e e m t o attract b o t h a u t h o r s ( F 1 6 d and, o n l y i n ps. S y m e o n , F 6 6 ) .

4.6. O r i e n t a l A u t h o r s Agapius (Mahbub ibn Qustantin), B i s h o p o f M a b b u g , is the a u t h o r o f a u n i v e r s a l al-'Unvdn ("book o f the title").
126

history, w h i c h is k n o w n under the n a m e Kitab


th

T h e b o o k chronicles the b e g i n n i n g o f the h i s t o r y o f m a n k i n d a n d extends as far as the author's o w n times ( 1 0 cent.). W h i l e the preserved m a n u s c r i p t s break o f f i n 776/77, a r e m a r k o f the author shows t h a t he m u s t have at least g o n e as far as 941/42. L i k e Eusebius, Agapius associates t h e floruit of Africanus ( T 3 b ) w i t h the e m p e r o r G o r d i a n I I I (238-244), a l t h o u g h his i n f o r m a t i o n seems i n d e p e n d e n t . T h e fragments d e a l i n g w i t h the i n v e n t i o n o f t h e Hebrew alphabet b y Seth ( F 1 8 ) and t h e a r r i v a l o f the M a g i (T91) are unattested elsewhere. H o w e v e r , t h e e v i dence is t o o scanty t o allow us to decide w h e t h e r or not A g a p i u s was a c q u a i n t e d w i t h t h e e n t i r e w o r k o f Africanus ( i n G r e e k ? ) .
127

A m o n g t h e B y z a n t i n e c h r o n i c l e r s , the s o - c a l l e d ps. S y m e o n a n d Cedrenus graphiae, also seem t o have h a d a g o o d k n o w l e d g e o f Africanus'

a l b e i t i n d i r e c t l y . Since Cedrenus w o u l d appear t o have taken n e a r l y a l l

his m a t e r i a l f r o m ps. S y m e o n , the t w o authors c a n be treated together. I n o n l y one case d o e s C e d r e n u s actually quote a text f r o m A f r i c a n u s that is n o t p r e served i n p s . S y m e o n ( F 9 3 , app. to 11. 3 - 1 9 ) . U n f o r t u n a t e l y , due to the l a c k o f a c o m p l e t e e d i t i o n o f ps. S y m e o n , establishing t h e exact relationship b e t w e e n t h e t w o c h r o n i c l e r s is h a z a r d o u s . T h e n a m e ps. S y m e o n refers t o a B y z a n t i n e c h r o n i c l e , w h i c h is preserved i n the m a n u s c r i p t Paris, gr. 1712, ff. 1 8 - 2 7 2 a n d deals w i t h the p e r i o d r u n n i n g f r o m A d a m d o w n t o t h e year 963. T h e text was p r o b a b l y w r i t t e n i n the last t h i r d o f t h e t e n t h c e n t u r y a n d represents a r e w o r k e d a n d e n r i c h e d version o f t h e chronicle o f Symeon Logothete.
123 v r

Agapius also a t t r i b u t e s p r o
128

bably e r r o n e o u s l y a list o f the C h a l d e a n k i n g s to A f r i c a n u s .

I n o n l y one case does ps. Symeon p r o v i d e a

125 Along with F86 (the list of Ptolemies) this text could lead to the assumption that one possible channel of transmission of the Africanus material in ps. Symeon was somehow related to John Malalas. 126 See Graf 1947,39f; Breydy 1989; Pancenko 2000. The title derives from a scribal error in a late manuscript. T h e oldest preserved witness (ms. Sinai arab. 580, late 10
th

q u o t a t i o n f r o m A f r i c a n u s w h i c h is n o t taken u p b y C e d r e n u s (F66, d e a l i n g w i t h the i n t e r p r e t a t i o n o f t h e t o p o n y m Tarshish). G e o r g i u s C e d r e n u s c o m p o s e d a w o r l d c h r o n i c l e f r o m A d a m to t h e y e a r 1057, a quisquiliarum stabulum


124

cent.) shows that the

original title was Kitab al-Tartkh ("book of history"). There are two editions of the work: C S C O 65 arab. 10 (Cheikho) and PO 5,4-11,1 (Vasiliev, see below Conspectus, p. L X I X ) . For the first part (up to the birth of Christ) the manuscripts of both editions derive from Sinai arab. 580, for the second part both editions use the same manuscript. In the present edition Vasiliev was preferred, since he directly uses the Sinai manuscript (as opposed to Cheikho) and since he gives a critical apparatus. The quoted texts can be found in Cheikho in the following places: T3b at p. 269,15f, F18 at p. 13,16f,T 91 at p. 138,8-13. 127 A comprehensive analysis of Agapius' sources is lacking. The existing case studies show that Agapius often used Syriac sources or Syriac translations of Greek authors (e.g. Eusebius); see Baumstark 1912 and Lindner 1916. 128 P O 7,553,9 - 554,9 (Vasiliev); C S C O 284,12 - 285,3 (Cheikho). A similar list is also transmitted in Eusebius (chron. 5,24-33) as a quotation from Alexander Polyhistor (FGrHist 680 F4), and anonymously in Syncellus (18,11-20). I n Agapius, the list is inserted into a biblical framework, beginning with Adam and ending with the Flood. The beginning is in contrast with Africanus'

i n w h i c h he uses a l m o s t e v e r y t h i n g useful ( o r

useless) t h a t was available t o h i m i n the p r e c e d i n g B y z a n t i n e t r a d i t i o n . L i k e ps. S y m e o n , C e d r e n u s seems t o be acquainted w i t h A f r i c a n u s t h r o u g h t w o d i f f e r e n t channels. I n m o s t cases, he clearly relies o n Syncellus. I n t r a n s c r i b i n g Syncellus, he u s u a l l y changes h i s w o r d i n g , a b r i d g i n g t h e t e x t a n d often o m i t t i n g to m e n t i o n t h a t A f r i c a n u s is the o r i g i n a l source (see, e.g., F23, F26, T 3 6 etc.). A n o t h e r g r o u p o f q u o t a t i o n s is taken f r o m t h e c h r o n i c l e o f Symeon L o g o t h e t e or r a t h e r f r o m S y m e o n Logothete's source. A n i n t e r e s t i n g case is p r e s e r v e d i n

123 O n ps. Symeon, see Gelzer 2,357-384, Markopoulos 1978, and Kazhdan 1991c. Markopoulos has announced an edition of the chronicle, which is still awaited. 124 Scaliger 1658, 3 Kazhdan 1991a.
2 r i

dismissal of the Chaldean tradition (F15,9f; see note ad loc), while the end is compatible with Eusebius' system, not with Africanus' (2242 years from the creation to the Flood). Therefore, it seems likely that Agapius took the text from a chronicle in the Eusebian tradition and erroneously attributed it to Africanus; see also the arguments in Wallraff 2006,48f, n. 17.

pagination, p. 402. O n Cedrenus see Schweinburg 1929/30; Maisano 1983;

XLVIII

Introduction

4. The Text and its Transmission

XLIX b u t at present this r e m a i n s testi

M i c h a e l t h e Syrian, Patriarch o f t h e W e s t Syrian C h u r c h f r o m 1166 to 1199, was t h e a u t h o r o f a universal h i s t o r y e x t e n d i n g to 1 1 9 4 / 9 5 . graphiae history.


1 3 0 129

contact w i t h the t r a n s m i s s i o n o f the Chronographiae, monium in T88).


137

I n t h e preface, he Chrono

t o t a l l y u n c e r t a i n a n d n o concrete fragment can b e ascribed ( b e y o n d t h e

m e n t i o n s A f r i c a n u s as one o f his sources (T13a). H e considers t h e

n o t a " C h u r c h history", b u t a "description o f time", i.e. a u n i v e r s a l A m o n g Greek w o r l d c h r o n i c l e s , h e makes extensive use o f Eusebius, 4.7. M i n o r authors a n d texts 4.7.1. Ps. Eustathius of Antioch

b u t i n a f e w places he also refers to t h e c h r o n o l o g i c a l calculations o f A f r i c a n u s ( T 1 6 f , T 7 7 b , T 8 3 ) . I n T 7 1 , he gives a v a g u e a n d otherwise unattested reference to A f r i c a n u s ' a c c o u n t o f the h i g h priest H i l k i a h . I t is u n c e r t a i n w h e t h e r M i c h a e l h a d d i r e c t k n o w l e d g e o f the w o r k o f A f r i c a n u s . His k n o w l e d g e m a y have been m e d i a t e d b y l o s t Syriac sources. A l l r e f e r e n c e s t o A f r i c a n u s i n t h e w o r l d chronicle o f G r e g o r el t h e S y r i a n . I n his biblical c o m m e n t a r y Horreum ten around 1271/72,
131

T h e w o r k c o m m o n l y r e f e r r e d to as the " c o m m e n t a r y o n the hexaemeron", a n d t r a n s m i t t e d u n d e r the n a m e o f Eustathius o f A n t i o c h , is actually p a r t exegesis a n d p a r t chronicle. T h e u n k n o w n author was w r i t i n g s o m e t i m e between 370 a n d the end o f the 5* c e n t u r y . T h e fact that he was f a m i l i a r w i t h the h o m i l i e s o n t h e hexaemeron of Basilius of Caesarea gives us a terminus terminus c o m e s from an A n t i o c h e n e m i l i e u . graphiae,
1 3 8

Barhebraeus,

m a p h r i a n o f t h e West Syrian C h u r c h ( 1 2 6 4 - 1 2 8 6 ) , can be t r a c e d b a c k t o M i c h a Mysteriorum, probably writ


132

post quern, w h i l e a

there are t w o f r a g m e n t s o n the genealogy o f C h r i s t of Africanus. Since Bar

ante quern is g i v e n i m p l i c i t l y i n the text i n F94. T h e w o r k p r o b a b l y Chrono


1 3 9

( F 9 0 b . c ) w h i c h m a y derive f r o m the Chronographiae translation.


1 3 3

h e b r a e u s p r o b a b l y k n e w little Greek, i t is l i k e l y that he read the texts i n a Syriac I n his History of Armenia, Moses o f C h o r e n e
134

T h e author w o u l d appear to have k n o w n a n d consulted Africanus' either d i r e c t i y o r t h r o u g h a t r a d i t i o n closely related to h i m .

Two

claims t o use A f r i c a n u s as a as the

quotations are i m p o r t a n t . I n the first instance ( F 3 0 b ) , his text can be j u x t a p o s e d w i t h that of Syncellus, a l l o w i n g us to check his account o f the t e r e b i n t h tree i n Shechemtaken f r o m A f r i c a n u s b u t slightly e m e n d e d i n b o t h cases. A n o t h e r t e x t (F94), w h i c h gives precise i n f o r m a t i o n o n the c h r o n o l o g i c a l f r a m e w o r k of Africanus, is o n l y p r e s e r v e d b y ps. Eustathius. T h e w o r d s K C U ctv&OTctaiv are p r o b a b l y a later gloss a n d s h o w that ps. Eustathius m a y have shared a s i m i l a r source w i t h Syncellus ( F 9 3 , 1 0 9 ) . 4.7.2. The C h r o n i c o n Paschale

s o u r c e for a p o t e n t i a l l y l o n g text, b u t t h e v a l u e o f this a t t r i b u t i o n is d u b i o u s . I n his s e c o n d b o o k , Moses refers t o the f i f t h b o o k o f the Chronographiae m a i n s o u r c e f o r t h e h i s t o r y o f t h e A r m e n i a n kings. A f r i c a n u s is s u p p o s e d to have b a s e d h i s k n o w l e d g e o f A r m e n i a n h i s t o r y o n the archives o f Edessa, b u t c r i t i c a l r e s e a r c h n o w m o s t l y rejects t h i s . cing.
1 3 6 1 3 5

A t t e m p t s at a s c r i b i n g at least p a r t o f

the m a t e r i a l t o A f r i c a n u s v i a t h e use o f G r e e k parallel texts r e m a i n u n c o n v i n T h i s does n o t exclude t h e p o s s i b i l i t y that Moses m i g h t have h a d some

129 See Weltecke 2003. 130 T h e preface does not survive in the Syriac original; it is known only in two Armenian trans lations, o n e written shortly after the other (between 1246 and 1248). The translations are based o n the S y r i a c autograph, but in both cases there are alterations, presumably intended to stress the identity of the Armenian Church. T h e translation of the monk Vardan i n many cases expands a n d elaborates the text (versio longior). T h e shorter version could be a correction and revision o n the basis of the original text, see Schmidt 1996 and 1998. Therefore, i n T13 the versio brevior is given along with the additions of the other version in the apparatus. 131 See T a k a h a s h i 2005,92f. 132 See below F 9 0 a , n . 1. 133 T a k a h a s h i 2005,31-35. 134 T h e discussion on the date of the author and his work is still open. The work purports to be written at the beginning of the reign of Sahak Bagratuni (482). Scholarly debate has proposed dates w h i c h vary from the late 5
th

T h e anonymous a u t h o r of the Chronicon

Paschale

(of ca. 630) uses some q u o Chronogra


140

t a t i o n s f r o m A f r i c a n u s a n d exploits his c h r o n o l o g i c a l system for the p e r i o d before the F l o o d (see e.g., app. to F16b, F33). T h e m a t e r i a l f r o m the His m a i n source is t h e chronicle o f Eusebius. I n some cases, the Paschale transcribes Eusebius phiae w o u l d appear to c o m e d o w n to h i m v i a at least three different channels.

Chronicon

almost v e r b a t i m (see, e.g., F64c a n d T 6 4 d ) ,

a l l o w i n g us to restore t h e o r i g i n a l w o r d i n g . A n o t h e r c h a n n e l o f t r a n s m i s s i o n is John Malalas. W h i l e u l t i m a t e l y derived f r o m A f r i c a n u s , the i n f o r m a t i o n about t h e pagan gods preserved i n the Chronicon through Malalas (see app. t o F 2 4 ) .
141

Paschale

was mediated to the a u t h o r

to the 9

th

century; possibly, a dating in the 7 / 8

th

Ih

cent, would 137 See Wallraff 2006,49f, n. 20. 138 SeeZoepfl 1927. 139 SeeZoepfl 1927,22. 140 O n the Chronicon Paschale and the Chronographiae of Iulius Africanus, see Gelzer 2,138-176. 141 O n the relationship between the Chronicon Paschale and Malalas, see Scott 1990,38f.

be the m o s t plausible, see Mahe 1993,88-91. 135 See e.g. T h o m s o n 1978,12f; Traina 1991,61-63. T h e information in Moses that is allegedly taken f r o m Africanus can mostly be traced back to other sources, Mahe 1993,66-68. 136 Topchyan 2001 has argued that large parts of Moses' book 2 are taken from Africanus. This has been rightly criticized by Terian 2001/02, esp. 113, n. 40. Topchyan has reacted to the criticism i n his recent monograph (Topchyan 2006), where he presents the thesis in a moderate form.

Introduction

5. Earlier Editions

LI

Finally, t h e r e is a t h i r d u n k n o w n source o f t h e Chronicon also p r e s e r v e s passages f r o m the Chronographiae.

Paschale

which

legacy i n t h e d o m a i n o f ancient h i s t o r i c a l chronology. T h e research c o n d u c t e d by h i m f o r h i s m o n u m e n t a l Thesaurus temporum "


1

S t r i k i n g evidence o f t h i s c a n Eusebius Chronicon Barbari

was a m i l e s t o n e n o t o n l y f o r

be f o u n d i n F78. I n t h i s case, the i n t e r p r e t a t i o n o f t h e seventy weeks o f A f r i canus is m e n t i o n e d t w i c e . I n the first instance, t h e source reproduces (T78a). I n the second Paschale instance (F78), the t e x t p r e s e r v e d by the

h a v i n g b r o u g h t A f r i c a n u s to light, b u t also for b r i n g i n g to t h e fore Eusebius a n d various o t h e r m i n o r texts o f the G r e e k chronographic t r a d i t i o n . M a n y o f his f i n d i n g s r e m a i n v a l i d a n d f u n d a m e n t a l u p to this day. the Excerpta Barbari,
148

Scaliger also d i s c o v e r e d

is i n d e p e n d e n t o f Eusebius, using w o r d i n g w h i c h w o u l d appear t o b e

whose c o n v e n t i o n a l name (still i n use t o d a y ) reflects h i s Eusebiana. Scaliger c o n t i n u e s t o b e

v e r y close t o that o f A f r i c a n u s , as a c o m p a r i s o n w i t h the Excerpta E g y p t i a n p r o v e n a n c e a n d suggested A n n i a n u s o r P a n o d o r u s . 4.7.3. The A n o n y m u s M a t r i t e n s i s


142

pejorative v i e w o f i t . H e first p u b l i s h e d the O l y m p i c victor list o f c o d . Paris, gr. 2600, i n a s e c t i o n k n o w n as the Excerpta cited b y m o d e r n scholars, although t h e latter have a regrettable h a b i t o f q u o t i n g h i m s e c o n d h a n d a n d thus not always correctly. Scaliger's significance for o u r u n d e r s t a n d i n g o f A f r i c a n u s c a n h a r d l y be overestimated. I n his m o n u m e n t a l w o r k , he effectively lays d o w n t h e basis f o r the r e c o n s t r u c t i o n o f the Chronographiae. Nevertheless, Scaliger never made a n y attempt at c o l l e c t i n g a n d editing the e x t a n t fragments o f the lost w o r k . O n t h e contrary, h i s e d i t i o n s o f manuscript m a t e r i a l , hypothetical r e c o n s t r u c t i o n s a n d scholarly considerations are often so m i n g l e d , they have p r o v o k e d m i s u n d e r standings a n d c o n f u s i o n i n later s c h o l a r s . c h r o n o l o g y (Opus de doctrina of the Chronographiae.
150 149

shows. T h i s source is p r o b a b l y a lost c h r o n i c l e . G e l z e r assumed that i t was o f

U n d e r t h i s n a m e a n a n o n y m o u s chronicle is k n o w n , w h i c h is t r a n s m i t t e d i n a M a d r i d c o d e x of the 10
th

c e n t u r y (Matritensis gr. 4 7 0 1 ) . T h e codex has b e c o m e


1 4 3

f a m o u s f o r t h e p r e c i o u s m a t e r i a l f r o m H i p p o l y t u s ' c h r o n i c l e preserved i n its s e c o n d p a r t ( f r o m f. 5 1 o n w a r d s ) . T h e i n d e p e n d e n t value o f the first p a r t resembles t h e Chronicon passed u n n o t i c e d f o r a l o n g t i m e , since this s m a l l c h r o n o l o g i c a l text g r e a t l y breve o f patriarch N i c e p h o r u s ( 8 0 6 - 1 5 ) . Hence, A d o l f
1 4 4

A generation later, the w o r k o f D i o on

Bauer i n h i s first s t u d y o f t h e codex considered i t t o be a c o p y o f that w o r k .

nysius Petavius (Petau, 1583-1652) w a s a m a j o r achievement f o r research temporum,

W h e n he n o t i c e d h i s e r r o r s h o r t i y afterwards, he d e c i d e d t o prepare a s m a l l i n d e p e n d e n t e d i t i o n o f t h e text, i n w h i c h he t y p o g r a p h i c a l l y d i s t i n g u i s h e d t h e parts t a k e n f r o m N i c e p h o r u s (italics) a n d t h o s e t a k e n f r o m other sources ( u p r i g h t ) . O n l y t h e l a t t e r are o f interest here. T h e a u t h o r o f t h e t e x t m i g h t have been a m o n k o r a cleric i n C o n s t a n t i nople. H e w a s w r i t i n g p r o b a b l y one o r t w o generations
1 4 5

1627). However, scholars w o u l d have

to w a i t o v e r a c e n t u r y before they c o u l d consult the first c o l l e c t i o n o f fragments The Venetian Oratorian Andrea Gallandi (1709-1779) only p o s i t i v e r e m a r k that can be m a d e o f it. H i s Bibliotheca patristic texts, p r o d u c e d d u r i n g the 1 8
th

has t h e m e r i t o f patrum (14

being t h e first scholar t o publish s u c h a c o l l e c t i o n . However, this is about t h e veterum vols., V e n i c e 1765-1781) is one o f a series o f comprehensive collections o f century. Its differentia specifica to other
151

after

Nicephorus

(between 8 4 8 a n d 8 8 6 ) ,

whose chronicle he u s e d as a basis a n d w h i c h h e

s u p p l e m e n t e d w i t h t h e f r u i t s o f his o w n studies. W h i l e N i c e p h o r u s a p p a r e n t l y d i d n o t k n o w a n d use A f r i c a n u s , his follower m u s t h a v e h a d some contact w i t h h i m b e i t d i r e c t i y o r i n d i r e c t l y . U n f o r t u n a t e l y he does n o t n o r m a l l y n a m e h i s sources, canus.
146

m o n u m e n t a l enterprises resides i n t h e fact t h a t he devoted p a r t i c u l a r a t t e n t i o n to m i n o r authors, especially those t h a t h a d n o t been p u b l i s h e d p r e v i o u s l y , a m o n g t h e m I u l i u s Africanus. I n h i s second v o l u m e , d a t i n g t o fragments o f the Chronographiae, 1766, h e

w h i c h m a k e s i t d i f f i c u l t to i d e n t i f y t h e m a t e r i a l taken f r o m

Afri

p u b l i s h e d t h e correspondence w i t h O r i g e n , the letter to A r i s t i d e s a n d n i n e t e e n m o s t o f w h i c h were d r a w n f r o m Syncellus,


152

a l t h o u g h s o m e came f r o m Eusebius a n d other sources.

T h e w o r k was o f

5. Earlier Editions
Joseph Justus Scaliger ( 1 5 4 0 - 1 6 0 9 ) was the first m o d e r n h i s t o r i a n to have f u l l y u n d e r s t o o d a n d a p p r e c i a t e d the i m p o r t a n c e o f I u l i u s A f r i c a n u s , b o t h f o r h i s c o n t r i b u t i o n t o the l i t e r a r y genre o f C h r i s t i a n c h r o n i c l e s as a w h o l e a n d f o r h i s
142 Gelzer 2,154-156. 143 f. l -29"; see Bauer 1909,69f for an analysis of the smaller texts between the two main blocks. 144 Bauer 1905,16. 145 See Bauer 1909,XIIf and Sartori 1988,415. 146 T h e only exception is the small discussion in 3,6-4,4 Bauer (= T16m).
r

course far f r o m complete, even b y t h e standards o f the texts k n o w n at that t i m e , a fact t h e e d i t o r h i m s e l f soon became aware o f w h e n he h a d t o w r i t e the preface

147 Scaliger 1606, a 2

nd

edition appeared posthumously in 1658, enlarged by notes left by the author.

148 O n Scaliger and the study of chronography, see Mosshammer 1979,38-41 and the brilliant book of Grafton 1983-93, especially 2,581-591 on Africanus. 149 Nevertheless Grafton 1983-93,2,591 is right in saying: "Scaliger's failuresif failures they were can still teach lessons." 150 See Godet 1920. 151 O n the 18 century collections and on Gallandi in particular, see Bardenhewer 1913-32,1,50-52. 152 Gallandi 1766,339-341 (letter to Origen); 341-357 (letter to Africanus); 358-362 (letter to Aristides, from Eus., h.e. 1,7); 363-376 (Chronographiae). He knew nothing of the Cesti.
th

LII to t h e h u g e v o l u m e . texts o f E u s e b i u s various others.


1 5 3

Introduction

5. Earlier Editions

LIII

As a result, h i s i n t r o d u c t i o n to A f r i c a n u s c o m e s a l m o s t i n propheticae (F93), the L a t i n f r a g m e n t first

w h o was to become o n e o f the greatest poets o f I t a l i a n literature. I n 1815, t h e 17 year o l d student, G i a c o m o L e o p a r d i ( 1 7 9 8 - 1 8 3 7 ) collected a l l the available m a terial b y and o n A f r i c a n u s . H i s w o r k is preserved i n a m a n u s c r i p t w h i c h is n o w conserved i n the N a t i o n a l L i b r a r y o f F l o r e n c e .
156

t h e f o r m o f a s u p p l e m e n t t o t h e e d i t i o n . I t is i n fact here t h a t w e f i n d t h e central i n the Eclogae p u b l i s h e d b y H e n r y D o d w e l l i n 1688 ( T 6 ) , the excerpt o f P h o t i u s ( T i l ) a n d I t is p a r t i c u l a r l y u n f o r t u n a t e t h a t t h e A b b d Jacques-Paul M i g n e decided to r e p r i n t t h i s e d i t i o n (rather t h a n t h e later e d i t i o n o f R o u f h ) i n h i s graeca Patrologia ( v o l . 10, c o l l . 6 3 - 9 4 ) . T h e sad consequence is that i n c e r t a i n cases this

T h e m a n u s c r i p t was c r i t i c a l l y

edited i n 1997 b y C l a u d i o M o r e s c h i n i . L e o p a r d i was, o f course, unaware o f R o u t h s e d i t i o n , w h i c h h a d appeared the year before. B u t i t is a m a z i n g h o w comprehensive h i s k n o w l e d g e o f the sources was a n d h o w well he u n d e r s t o o d the texts. The m a t e r i a l is rarely p r o v i d e d w i t h t h e f u l l Greek text, b u t carries references to the e d i t i o n used; i n m a n y cases, L a t i n t r a n s l a t i o n a n d notes are p r o v i d e d . A l t h o u g h h i s t r a n s l a t i o n a n d notes are s t i l l w o r t h y o f c o n s u l t a t i o n , t h e w o r k was basically s u p e r s e d e d by R o u t h and Gelzer. T h e same c o u l d n o t be s a i d however o f the Cesti. H e r e , L e o p a r d i has the m e r i t o f h a v i n g been t h e f i r s t
157

d e f i c i e n t e d i t i o n continues to be u s e d a n d q u o t e d u p to t h i s day. I f the M i g n e t e x t m u s t b e c o n s u l t e d , the i n t r o d u c t o r y remarks o f G a l l a n d i are indispensable a n d r e a l l y o u g h t to be read ( r e p r i n t e d o n c o l l . 4 5 - 5 0 ) . A n e w e r a o f studies f o c u s i n g o n A f r i c a n u s is m a r k e d b y t h e f a m o u s O x f o r d scholar M a r t i n Joseph R o u t h ( 1 7 5 5 - 1 8 5 4 ) . sacrae
2 154

Renowned for his meticulous Reliquiae remained

scholar to systematically engage i n an analysis o f t h i s enigmatic w o r k , w h i c h was t o t a l l y missing f r o m R o u t h s c o l l e c t i o n . T h e last i m p o r t a n t c o n t r i b u t i o n to the research o n the Chronographiae was

p r e c i s i o n , h i s c o l l e c t i o n o f p r e - N i c e n e C h r i s t i a n authors, e n t i t l e d j u s t f o r t h e t e x t o f A f r i c a n u s . R o u t h s e d i t i o n o f the Chronographiae

(4 v o l s . 1 8 1 4 - 1 8 , 1 8 4 6 - 4 8 ) , was c e r t a i n l y a major a c h i e v e m e n t a n d n o t

c o n d u c t e d b y H e i n r i c h Gelzer (1847-1906). Descendant o f an o l d Basel f a m i l y o f scholars, he was a s t u d e n t o f Jacob B u r c k h a r d t i n Basel a n d later w e n t o n t o b e c o m e professor o f G r e e k at the U n i v e r s i t y o f Jena.
158

the s t a n d a r d e d i t i o n for nearly t w o centuries, whereas i n a l m o s t a l l the other cases his w o r k has been superseded b y better a n d m o r e r e c e n t e d i t i o n s . T h e G r e e k t e x t s are a c c o m p a n i e d b y a L a t i n translation w h i c h is s t i l l occasionally useful, w h i l e t h e notes to t h e t e x t c o n t a i n m a n y significant c o m m e n t s o n m a n y p r o b l e m s o f t e x t u a l c r i t i c i s m a n d c h r o n o l o g y . I n difficult cases, these notes are s t i l l w o r t h c o n s u l t i n g . T h e m a t e r i a l basis o f the e d i t i o n is g o o d a n d t h e m e t h o d o l o g y is n o t far r e m o v e d f r o m w h a t w o u l d be expected t o d a y a n d i n d e e d a p p l i e d w e hopehere. T h e m a i n c r i t i q u e w o u l d be that h e fails t o d i s t i n g u i s h b e t w e e n f r a g m e n t s a n d testimonia a n d i n the case o f m u l t i p l e attestations (e.g. Sync, a n d E u s . ) , his presentation o f t h e text is n o t always v e r y clear. Obviously, R o u t h h a d t o rely o n the best available e d i t i o n s o f his t i m e a n d i n m a n y cases a b e t t e r t e x t u a l basis is n o w available. R o u t h t o o k i n t o c o n s i d e r a t i o n 56 fragments, most o f w h i c h were i n Greek w i t h o n l y a v e r y few i n L a t i n . T h e present e d i t i o n contains a l m o s t d o u b l e that n u m b e r . T h i s was m a d e possible t h a n k s t o a c o m p l e t e analysis o f a l l the available s o u r c e s , m o s t n o t a b l y t h e Excerpta Barbari a n d t h e O r i e n t a l material, t o g e t h e r w i t h several texts t h a t w e r e o n l y p u b l i s h e d after R o u t h . O u r corpus also c o n t a i n s t h e O l y m p i c v i c t o r l i s t ( F 6 5 ) , a l o n g a n d i m p o r t a n t t e x t w h i c h was inexplicably missing i n Routh.
1 5 5

For a nineteenth c e n t u r y

scholar o f classical p h i l o l o g y , his interests were s u r p r i s i n g l y w i d e , f o c u s i n g o n relatively late l i t e r a t u r e . Indeed, he is n o w r e g a r d e d as one o f the fathers o f Byzantine studies. H i s passion for C h r i s t i a n c h r o n o g r a p h y a n d for I u l i u s A f r i canus i n p a r t i c u l a r g r e w i n the 1870's and r e m a i n e d w i t h h i m t h r o u g h o u t h i s entire scholarly career, r i g h t up to his death. T h e erudit made his debut i n 1880 w i t h the first v o l u m e o f t h e magisterial m o n o g r a p h e n t i t l e d "Sextus Julius A f r i canus u n d die b y z a n t i n i s c h e Chronographie." T h e o r i g i n a l idea was r e m a r k a b l y ambitious: an i n i t i a l f i r s t v o l u m e o n A f r i c a n u s , a second v o l u m e p r o v i d i n g a general overview o f B y z a n t i n e chronography a n d a t h i r d c r o w n i n g v o l u m e c o n t a i n i n g an e d i t i o n o f t h e extant fragments o f t h e "father o f C h r i s t i a n c h r o n o graphy". A l t h o u g h the w o r k proceeded well u p t o v o l . 2 (1885), the e d i t i o n o f t h e extant fragments s o o n g o t bogged d o w n . Finally, i n 1894 A d o l f H a r n a c k , w h o was i n search for m a n u s c r i p t s for his n e w l y f o u n d e d series " D i e G r i e c h i s c h e n C h r i s t l i c h e n Schriftsteller", persuaded Gelzer t o a b a n d o n his o r i g i n a l p l a n o f p u b l i s h i n g the e d i t i o n as a final part o f t h e m o n o g r a p h ( w i t h Teubner i n Leipzig) and instead, p u t i t at the disposal o f t h e n e w series ( w i t h t h e p u b l i s h e r H i n r i c h , also i n L e i p z i g ) .
1 5 9

A t l e a s t i n passing i t o u g h t t o b e m e n t i o n e d that at t h e b e g i n n i n g o f t h e 19

th

c e n t u r y , I u l i u s A f r i c a n u s also a t t r a c t e d the interested o f a g i f t e d y o u n g scholar


156 Banco Rari 342 n. 20; see esp. Moreschini 1997,20-31 and 65-116 for the Chronographiae. 157 See Vieillefond 1970,88-99. 153 G a l l a n d i 1 7 6 6 . X X X V I I - X L I . 154 O n his biography, see Hunt 1897. 155 The r e a s o n could be that he did not trust the Greek text given by Scaliger. Only after the publication of the Armenian version was he convinced that the transmission was good and that the text actually ought to be attributed to Africanus (Routh 504f). 158 The most comprehensive biographical account is Reichardt 1907, in particular 17-19 which deals with Africanus. See also the obituaries by Gerland 1907 and Kornemann 1907. 159 Rebenich 1997,176. The monograph was concluded with a third volume (vol. 2,2, to be precise, published at Hinrich's, Leipzig 1898 and much smaller than the two preceding parts) on the Oriental authors.

LIV

Introduction

6. Principles of the Edition

LV

Gelzer c o m p l i e d , b u t t h i s d i d n o t accelerate the' work's c o m p l e t i o n . O n several occasions, he was i n v i t e d by the Kirchenvaterkommission of the B e r l i n academy, w h i c h was r e s p o n s i b l e for the series, t o s u b m i t his m a n u s c r i p t a n d o n each o c c a s i o n he i n f o r m e d t h e c o m m i s s i o n t h a t t h e w o r k was near c o m p l e tion.
1 6 0

p r o b l e m a n d i t was this that made h i m reluctant to consign the m a t e r i a l to t h e printer. A s i m i l a r p r o b l e m also characterizes the published m o n o g r a p h . T h e latter s t i l l r e m a i n s the best and m o s t exhaustive w o r k o n A f r i c a n u s ' c h r o n i c l e and therefore c o n t i n u e s to be quotedalso i n the notes o f o u r e d i t i o n b u t i t is fraught w i t h h i g h l y speculative suppositions, i n many cases presented i n an a p o d i c t i c t o n e o f certainty. B o t h the u n p u b l i s h e d m a n u s c r i p t a n d t h e p u b l i s h e d m o n o g r a p h o u g h t t o be considered as extremely precious d o c u m e n t s , w h i c h attest t o a n u n p a r a l l e l e d , almost i n t u i t i v e f a m i l i a r i t y w i t h the m a t e r i a l , b u t also to a l a c k o f m e t h o d o l o g i c a l clarity a n d systematic reflection.

I n t h e m e a n t i m e , G e l z e r became r e c t o r o f his university, w h i c h o b v i o u s l y

f u r t h e r r e t a r d e d t h e w o r k o n A f r i c a n u s . Finally, i n 1906, he d i e d w i t h o u t h a v i n g c o m p l e t e d t h e e d i t i o n . A t t h e t i m e , n o b o d y h a d a clear idea o f h o w far the w o r k h a d really p r o c e e d e d a n d h o w m u c h still n e e d e d t o be done. The c o m m i s s i o n o f the a c a d e m y was o f t h e c o n v i c t i o n t h a t t h e task was t o o difficult a n d since c r i t i c a l e d i t i o n s o f i m p o r t a n t authors such as Eusebius a n d Syncellus w e r e missing, i t abandoned the project. Gelzer's m a n u s c r i p t finally
161

I n the year 2000, d u r i n g the p r e p a r a t o r y w o r k for the present

edition, Fragments nographiae. and

6. Principles of the Edition


Testimonies. T h e p r e c e d i n g discussion (see above, s e c t i o n 4) Chro

resurfaced. I t h a d b e e n k e p t i n the l i b r a r y o f Jena illustrates t h e c o m p l e x i t y o f the t r a n s m i s s i o n o f extant m a t e r i a l f r o m the

U n i v e r s i t y a n d because i t h a d b e e n given a m i s l e a d i n g label, i t was t h o u g h t t o b e the m a n u s c r i p t o f t h e p u b l i s h e d m o n o g r a p h a n d therefore o f little interest. I t was G r e g o r Staab w h o d i s c o v e r e d that i t was a c t u a l l y the long-awaited e d i t i o n . N o t o n l y t h a t , b u t w h a t G e l z e r h a d w r i t t e n to H a r n a c k t u r n e d out to be l a r g e l y t r u e t h a t t h e e d i t i o n was v e r y near c o m p l e t i o n . T h e m a t e r i a l is k e p t i n t e n files,
162

I n s o m e cases, we possess t h e o r i g i n a l w o r d i n g o f A f r i c a n u s w i t h a

h i g h degree o f c e r t a i n t y ; i n others t h e extent t o w h i c h the m a t e r i a l c o r r e s p o n d s to t h e o r i g i n a l is unclear. T h e r e are still o t h e r cases i n w h i c h we k n o w f o r c e r t a i n that t h e t e x t has been altered, a b r i d g e d o r garbled. However, i t w o u l d be futile to s u b d i v i d e t h e m a t e r i a l into t o o m a n y d i f f e r e n t categories: each case needs to be analyzed separately. Therefore, the present e d i t i o n has l i m i t e d itself t o the t w o m a i n categories o f "fragment" (F) a n d " t e s t i m o n i u m " ( T ) . Those texts t h a t i n c l u de o r i g i n a l w o r d i n g o f Africanus are classified as "F". A l l othersviz. sources w h i c h t a l k about A f r i c a n u s rather t h a n q u o t i n g h i m a r e considered as " T " . Since t h e " F " category encompasses v a r i o u s degrees o f p r o x i m i t y to t h e o r i g i n a l text, readers are advised t o pay careful a t t e n t i o n t o the notes a c c o m p a n y i n g t h e E n g l i s h t r a n s l a t i o n . I n a strict sense, o n l y a p o r t i o n o f the excerpts designated "F" t r a n s m i t A f r i c a n u s ' original w o r d i n g w i t h certainty. T h e highest degree o f confidence c a n be g i v e n to texts i n d e p e n d e n t l y attested i n t w o branches o f the t r a n s m i s s i o n ( F 3 4 a n d F93). Stylistic analysis o f the Chronographiae have t o c o n s i d e r p r i m a r i l y these cases. w o u l d thus

t h e f i r s t t w o o f w h i c h c o n t a i n e d p r e p a r a t o r y w o r k for the e d i t i o n ; five suc

files t h e n f o l l o w , c o r r e s p o n d i n g t o the five b o o k s o f the Chronographiae,

ceeded finally b y t h r e e files o f miscellaneous notes. W i t h i n t h e m a i n b l o c k (files 3 - 8 ) the q u a l i t y o f t h e m a n u s c r i p t deteriorates t o w a r d s the end. T h e first f o u r b o o k s are i n reasonable c o n d i t i o n . The w r i t i n g is n o t always legible, b u t as a r u l e the text is c l e a r a n d c o m p r e h e n s i b l e . T h e final b o o k c o m e s i n the f o r m o f d i s o r g a n i z e d a n d i n c o m p l e t e notes. I n keeping w i t h h i s r e p u t a t i o n , Gelzer h a d d o n e an e x c e l l e n t w o r k o n t h e text. Since there was n o reliable e d i t i o n o f Syncellus at his t i m e , h e c o l l a t e d t h e t w o m o s t i m p o r t a n t m a n u s c r i p t s ( A and B i n M o s s h a m m e r ) . I n m a n y t e x t u a l l y p r o b l e m a t i c cases, his e d i t i o n is w o r t h y o f c o n s u l t a t i o n . T h i s has b e e n d o n e f o r the present e d i t i o n a n d wherever Gelzer's rea d i n g s seem t o have s o m e w e i g h t , they are registered i n t h e apparatus (Gelzer ). T h e m a i n p r o b l e m o f his w o r k , a n d p r o b a b l y t h e u l t i m a t e reason w h y he never c o m p l e t e d t h e e d i t i o n , lies i n his m e t h o d o l o g y . O v e r the years, Gelzer h a d c o c o o n e d h i m s e l f i n a fragile w e b o f theories, w h e r e one h y p o t h e t i c a l a t t r i b u t i o n was t h e basis f o r a n o t h e r , w i t h the effect t h a t m a n y texts were a t t r i b u t e d t o A f r i c a n u s , w h e n t h i s was n o m o r e t h a n j u s t a vague possibility. Some t h e o r i e s w e r e n o t i m p o s s i b l e , s o m e are even likely, b u t m a n y w e r e n o t sound e n o u g h to be p r e s e n t e d to t h e s c h o l a r l y w o r l d as a certainty. G e l z e r was clearly aware o f t h e
5

Columns

and subdivisions

within

a fragment.

Fragments are n u m b e r e d accor

d i n g t o "clusters" o f contents; texts l i s t e d u n d e r the same n u m b e r p r e s u m a b l y go back t o t h e same passage i n the o r i g i n a l text. I n a few cases, i t is possible t o r e c o n s t r u c t t h e w o r d i n g o f A f r i c a n u s o n t h e basis o f t w o or m o r e i n d e p e n d e n t witnesses (e.g. F 3 4 ) . I n other cases, t w o o r m o r e texts cannot be u n i t e d i n t o a single h y p o t h e t i c a l o r i g i n a l . W h e r e the degree o f s i m i l a r i t y is sufficient, per t i n e n t texts are p r i n t e d i n parallel c o l u m n s (e.g. F30) and the extent to w h i c h t h e

160 Rebenich 2000,116 and 121; see also Rebenich 1997,186, n. 240. 161 Rebenich 2000,140 and 150. 162 See the more detailed description and reproduction of two sample pages in Kronung 2005. Par ticular thanks are due to Thomas Kronung, who compiled a full index of Gelzer's manuscript to facilitate access to the material in the project.

o r i g i n a l c a n be r e c o g n i z e d is expressed b y means o f italicization (see b e l o w ) . I n other instances the relationship b e t w e e n texts dealing w i t h the same topic cannot b e d e t e r m i n e d (e.g. F14). I n these cases, t h e texts are presented s e r i a t i m

LVI

Introduction

6. Principles of the Edition

LVII

u n d e r t h e s a m e n u m b e r w i t h a d d i t i o n a l l o w e r case letters. T h e same applies to all t h o s e t e x t s where the sequence is clear, b u t w h i c h m a y have b e e n d i v i d e d by o t h e r l o s t e n t r i e s . Here also l o w e r case letters are assigned t o i n d i c a t e that they b e l o n g t o g e t h e r (e.g. F16). O n l y w h e r e there is reason to t h i n k t h a t v e r y l i t t l e or n o t h i n g i s m i s s i n g b e t w e e n a d j o i n i n g b l o c k s o f text, are the texts l i n e d up under the same n u m b e r , separated o n l y b y " [ . . . ] " (e.g. F46). L o w e r case letters are also u s e d w h e n w e have one f r a g m e n t f o l l o w e d b y testimonia, usually i n the f o r m of d i s c u s s i o n o r c o m m e n t a r y b y v a r i o u s later authors (e.g. F 9 3 ) . Apparatuses. been T h e four apparatuses are as follows, b e g i n n i n g f r o m t h e b o t t o m : a c c o r d i n g t o o u r syntax a n d i n s o m e cases is slighdy

English. Texts p r e s e r v e d i n languages other t h a n Greek or L a t i n are t h e r e f o r e p r o v i d e d i n the best available translation i n a W e s t e r n language. I n m a n y cases, s e c o n d a r y evidence also c o m e s f r o m other independent fragments. These texts are referred to w i t h an a r r o w (>). A s a result, the t h i r d apparatus provides t h e reader w i t h a n e t w o r k o f i n t e r - t e x t u a l references w i t h i n the Chronographiae. 4. T h e apparatus o f attestation ( b e g i n n i n g w i t h "test.:") is e m p l o y e d w h e n m o r e than one source attests to the same o r i g i n a l text (e.g. F34). I n such cases, the relevant source m a t e r i a l is listed i n the h e a d i n g o f the fragment a l o n g w i t h the pertinent sigla u s e d i n the apparatus (e.g. "Eus.", "Sync. "). T h e f o u r t h appa ratus specifies w h e r e a single source begins ("inc.") o r ends ("des."); w h e n t h e y are o f interest, t h e w o r d s i m m e d i a t e l y before o r after the q u o t a t i o n are p r o v i d e d here (rather t h a n i n s m a l l letters i n the m a i n text, as w o u l d be the case w i t h fragments that are attested b y one source o n l y ) . I n f o r m a t i o n about all available witnesses is repeated at t h e b e g i n n i n g o f the apparatus o n each page. A f t e r t h e first m e n t i o n o f any g i v e n source, a list o f all manuscripts is given i n square brackets (rather t h a n at t h e b e g i n n i n g o f the c r i t i c a l apparatus). N o t e that i n these cases the c r i t i c a l apparatus indicates the readings o f single m a n u s c r i p t s w i t h i n the t r a n s m i s s i o n o f one of the quoted authors i n the f o r m of "Siglum:ms." (e.g."Sync.:A").
2

1. T h e c r i t i c a l apparatus is n o r m a l l y based o n the c o n s u l t e d e d i t i o n , b u t has standardized a b r i d g e d . W h e n o u r r e a d i n g d i f f e r s f r o m the one f o u n d i n t h e e d i t i o n , the d e c i s i o n o f t h e o r i g i n a l e d i t o r is d o c u m e n t e d i n the apparatus. T h i s can occur, for e x a m p l e , w h e n a d d i t i o n a l p a r a l l e l s m a k e i t possible to c o n s t i t u t e a text that is p r e s u m a b l y closer to the o r i g i n a l t h a n t h e text o f the q u o t e d author. W h e r e n e e d e d , a l i s t o f all relevant witnesses ( m a n u s c r i p t s ) is p r o v i d e d at t h e b e g i n n i n g o f t h e a p p a r a t u s i n square brackets (unless a f o u r t h apparatus is needed, see b e l o w ) . T h e sigla can be f o u n d i n t h e Conspectus 2. T h e apparatus locorum similium siglorum (pp. L X I X f f ) . W h e n a t e x t is d i v i d e d i n t o t w o c o l u m n s , t w o apparatuses m i g h t be r e q u i r e d . d o c u m e n t s q u o t a t i o n s i n t h e text ( b o t h b i b l i c a l a n d n o n - b i b l i c a l ) . References t o sources, parallels a n d users o f Africanus are also c i t e d , usually p r e c e d e d b y "cf." A b b r e v i a t i o n s f o r t h e q u o t e d w o r k s can be f o u n d b e l o w (pp. L X X I X f f ) . Texts t h a t use A f r i c a n u s are i n c l u d e d o n l y w h e n t h e y have l i t t i e or n o value f o r t h e c o n s t i t u t i o n o f the text; o t h e r w i s e they appear i n t h e t h i r d apparatus w i t h t h e f u l l t e x t . 3. T h e apparatus o f s e c o n d a r y t e x t u a l witnesses gives t h o s e texts w h i c h are s e c o n d a r y t o the m a i n text, b u t w h i c h are o f some interest t o t h e r e c o n s t r u c t i o n o f t h e o r i g i n a l w o r d i n g ( o r i n s o m e cases the c h r o n o l o g i c a l system) o f Iulius A f r i c a n u s . Typically, the m a i n t e x t w o u l d be explicitiy a t t r i b u t e d t o Africanus, whereas t h e o r i g i n o f the s e c o n d a r y m a t e r i a l is less c e r t a i n . V e r b a t i m parallels w i t h t h e m a i n text often suggest t h a t t h e y originate f r o m t h e same source. Because t h e m a i n text m i g h t i n s o m e cases be an e p i t o m e , these secondary t e s t i m o n i e s also sometimes c o n t a i n f u l l e r texts, possibly o f i n d e p e n d e n t value. M a t e r i a l i n these sources w h i c h overlaps w i t h the m a i n text is i d e n t i f i e d i n up r i g h t p r i n t ; t h e r e m a i n d e r is i n i t a l i c s (see b e l o w ) . I n t h e case o f testimonia, the s e c o n d a r y witnesses are those texts w h i c h d r a w u p o n the m a i n text, a l t h o u g h it c a n n o t b e e x c l u d e d that t h e y also h a d i n d e p e n d e n t sources o f i n f o r m a t i o n . I n a few cases, t h i s apparatus also s u p p l e m e n t s testimonia the o r i g i n a l t e x t o f A f r i c a n u s , to w h i c h t h e testimonium w i t h " l i k e l y candidates" for refers (e.g. T 3 6 ) . into

Use of small

letters.

S m a l l letters i n the m a i n text o f a fragment serve t w o

functions. T h e y can i d e n t i f y material w h i c h , a l t h o u g h n o t f r o m Africanus, gives helpful i n f o r m a t i o n o n t h e context (such as q u o t i n g formulations o r f u r t h e r discussion o f a n issue b y t h e q u o t i n g a u t h o r ) . M o r e rarely, they can i d e n t i f y parts o f the text w h o s e a t t r i b u t i o n to A f r i c a n u s is ambiguous. The latter case m i g h t occur w h e n i t is d i f f i c u l t to determine the precise e n d i n g o f a q u o t a t i o n that begins w i t h a clear a t t r i b u t i o n . I n the case o f testimonia, chronicle, b u t o f p o s s i b l e v a l u e to the context. Use of normal own print and italics. T h e existence o f t w o o r m o r e independent small letters are used for those parts o f t h e t e x t bearing n o d i r e c t c o n n e c t i o n to A f r i c a n u s or his

sources attesting t h e s a m e t e x t increases the p r o b a b i l i t y that i t reflects A f r i c a n u s ' o r i g i n a l w o r d i n g . T o indicate such agreements, overlapping w o r d s a n d phrases i n texts a p p e a r i n g i n facing c o l u m n s are p r i n t e d i n n o r m a l type; mate r i a l not c o m m o n t o b o t h texts is italicized. W h e r e there are verbal c o r r e s p o n dences between t h e m a i n t e x t and a secondary t e s t i m o n y ( i n the t h i r d appara tus, see above), t h e s y s t e m o f italics and u p r i g h t p r i n t is used o n l y for t h e secon d a r y source. Italics are also used i n the first apparatus for variants i n L a t i n o r other languages t o d i f f e r e n t i a t e f r o m the L a t i n language o f the apparatus itself.

W h i l e s o m e p a r t i c u l a r l y i m p o r t a n t witnesses appear i n t h e notes to the t r a n s l a t i o n , m a t e r i a l c i t e d i n t h i s apparatus is n o t n o r m a l l y r e n d e r e d

LVIII Oriental languages.

Introduction

7. Bibliography

LIX

W h e r e t h e y appear i n t h e m a i n text, all texts preserved i n

7. Bibliography
B i b l i o g r a p h i c a l abbreviations are a c c o r d i n g t o Schwertner 1992. Adler, W i l l i a m , Berossus, M a n e t h o , a n d 1 E n o c h i n the W o r l d C h r o n i c l e o f Panodorus, H T h R 76,1983,419-442. Adler, W i l l i a m , T i m e I m m e m o r i a l . A r c h a i c H i s t o r y and its Sources i n C h r i s t i a n C h r o n o g r a p h y f r o m Julius A f r i c a n u s to George Syncellus ( D O S 26), W a s h i n g t o n D C . 1989. Adler, W i l l i a m , T h e O r i g i n s o f the Proto-Heresies. Fragments f r o m a C h r o n i c l e i n the F i r s t B o o k o f Epiphanius' P a n a r i o n , JThS 4 1 , 1 9 9 0 , 4 7 2 - 5 0 1 . Adler, W i l l i a m , Eusebius' C h r o n i c l e a n d Its Legacy, i n : Eusebius, C h r i s t i a n i t y , a n d J u d a i s m , ed. H . W. A t t r i d g e / G . H a t a , Leiden 1 9 9 2 , 4 6 7 - 4 9 1 . Adler, W i l l i a m , Sextus Julius A f r i c a n u s a n d the Roman Near East i n the T h i r d C e n t u r y , JThS 5 5 , 2 0 0 4 , 5 2 0 - 5 5 0 . Adler, W i l l i a m , Eusebius' C r i t i q u e o f A f r i c a n u s , i n : Julius A f r i c a n u s u n d d i e c h r i s t l i c h e W e l t c h r o n i s t i k , ed. M . W a l l r a f f ( T U 157), B e r l i n 2 0 0 6 , 1 4 7 - 1 5 7 . A d l e r / T u f f i n 2002: see Editores W a s h i n g t o n 1996. A u c h e r 1818: see Conspectus H913-1932. Bauer, A d o l f , D i e C h r o n i k des H i p p o l y t o s i m Matritensis Graecus 121 ( T U 14,1), L e i p z i g 1905. Bauer 1909: see Abbreviationes Bauer 1955: see Abbreviationes 306-319. Beck, H a n s - G e o r g , Z u r b y z a n t i n i s c h e n Monchschronik", i n : S p e c u l u m historiale. Geschichte i m Spiegel v o n Geschichtsschreibung u n d Geschichtsdeut u n g , ed. C . B a u e r / L . B o e h m / M . M i i l l e r , F r e i b u r g 1965,188-197 ( = i d . , Ideen u n d Realitaten i n Byzanz. Gesammelte Aufsatze, L o n d o n 1972, N r . X V I ) . Bees, N i k o s A . , T d XEipoypacpa rtov Metecbpaiv. KardAoyoc, TteptypacptKOC, T W V s.v. A n o n . matr. s.v. H i p p . , c h r o n . s.v. Eusebius, C h r o n i c a Bardenhewer, O t t o , Geschichte der a l t k i r c h l i c h e n Literatur, 5 vols., F r e i b u r g et emendatores Alexakis, A l e x a n d e r , C o d e x Parisinus Graecus 1115 and Its A r c h e t y p e ( D O S 34),

O r i e n t a l languages (Syriac, A r a b i c , A r m e n i a n ) are r e p r o d u c e d i n the o r i g i n a l language. A s w i t h t h e G r e e k a n d L a t i n texts, t h e y are translated i n t o E n g l i s h o n the facing page. H o w e v e r , w h e r e a d d i t i o n a l m a t e r i a l i n the apparatus is preser v e d i n o n e o f the O r i e n t a l languages, o n l y a t r a n s l a t i o n i n a Western language is g i v e n ( u s u a l l y the m o s t recent available). Translation and notes. T h e E n g l i s h t r a n s l a t i o n a i m s to facilitate access t o texts

t h a t are s o m e t i m e s d i f f i c u l t t o u n d e r s t a n d . I t also seeks to clarify h o w t h e editors h a v e u n d e r s t o o d the text a n d w h y t h e y have preferred certain s o l u t i o n s over o t h e r s . I n t h i s sense, the t r a n s l a t i o n is p a r t o f the critical e d i t i o n itself. O c c a s i o n a l l y , the E n g l i s h v e r s i o n m a y m o r e closely approximate to A f r i c a n u s t h a n the " o r i g i n a l text". Some sections o f the Excerpta barely u n d e r s t a n d a b l e and at best i m p r e c i s e barbari, for example, are of Africanus' representations

i n t e n t i o n s . O n t h e basis o f o t h e r Greek sources a n d some speculative c o m b i n a t i o n s , it is p o s s i b l e to p r o v i d e a n English t e x t t h a t is m o r e t h a n just a t r a n s l a t i o n o f t h e p r o b l e m a t i c L a t i n "original". I n t h e r e n d e r i n g o f p r o p e r names, the E n g l i s h t r a n s l a t i o n does not adhere t o s t r i c t rules o f t r a n s l i t e r a t i o n , p r e f e r r i n g i n s t e a d m o r e r e a d i l y recognizable L a t i n i z e d f o r m s . T h e s p e l l i n g o f p r o p e r names f r o m t h e H e b r e w Bible c o n f o r m s t o the p r a c t i c e o f t h e N e w Revised Standard V e r s i o n ( N R S V ) . For the sake o f c o n sistency w i t h usage elsewhere i n the e d i t i o n , t h e t r a n s l a t i o n a n d i n t r o d u c t i o n spell A f r i c a n u s ' nomen as "Iulius", even t h o u g h h e is better k n o w n to E n g l i s h barbari, the t r a n s l a t i o n has readers b y t h e n a m e "Julius Africanus". W h e r e t h e s p e l l i n g o f proper n a m e s is o b v i o u s l y c o r r u p t , as is o f t e n the case i n the Excerpta nesses (e.g., Syncellus o r Eusebius). For easier o r i e n t a t i o n , short E n g l i s h tides h a v e b e e n added to the f r a g m e n t s . These t i d e s have n o c r i t i c a l value a n d d o n o t p u r p o r t t o be fully descriptive o f the f r a g m e n t s ' contents. A n i m p o r t a n t p a r t o f the w o r k c o n d u c t e d b y t h e editors is d o c u m e n t e d i n the notes. T h e s e are n o t c o m m e n t a r i e s , i.e. m a n y i m p o r t a n t problems c o n n e c t e d w i t h the t e x t s are n o t discussed or even m e n t i o n e d . Likewise they d o n o t p r e t e n d t o give a c o m p l e t e r e c o r d o f recent ( o r n o t so recent) b i b l i o g r a p h y o n relevant issues. T h e i r r o l e is l i m i t e d t o g i v i n g f u r t h e r arguments for: a) q u e s t i o n s o f t e x t u a l c r i t i c i s m (especially w h e r e t h e y are t o o l o n g o r t o o c o m p l i c a t e d t o be dealt w i t h i n the apparatus) b) q u e s t i o n s o f a t t r i b u t i o n (especially f o r t h e relatively few cases i n w h i c h texts are n o t e x p l i c i t i y a t t r i b u t e d to A f r i c a n u s ) c) c o m p l e x c a l c u l a t i o n s o f dates etc. O n l y i n a few cases d o they also serve t o g i v e translations o f m a t e r i a l c o n t a i n e d i n t h e apparatus w h i c h w o u l d n o t n o r m a l l y b e translated. s u p p l i e d t h e m o r e c o n v e n t i o n a l spelling o f these names f o u n d i n o t h e r w i t

Baumstark, A n t o n , D i e Lehre des romischen Presbyters Florinus, Z N W 13,1912,

XEipoypcKpujv

KCOSIKCOV

T(I)v drTOKEiuevarv Etc, rac. uovdc, r t o v MExecopuiv.

1. T d x E i p o y p a f a Tfjc uovfjc MTauop<pcbaEu>c,, Athens 1967. Berendts, A l e x a n d e r , D i e h a n d s c h r i f t l i c h e Uberlieferung der Zacharias- u n d Joh a n n e s - A p o k r y p h e n . U b e r die B i b l i o t h e k e n der M e t e o r i s c h e n u n d OssaO l y m p i s c h e n Kloster ( T U 9,3), L e i p z i g 1904. Boeckh, A u g u s t , M a n e t h o u n d d i e H u n d s t e r n s p e r i o d e . E i n B e i t r a g zur Ge schichte d e r Pharaonen, B e r l i n 1845. de Boor, C a r l (ed.), T h e o p h a n i s C h r o n o g r a p h i a , 2 vols., Leipzig 1 8 8 3 - 8 5 .

LX

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de B o o r , C a r l , Neue Fragmente des Papias, Hegesippus u n d Pierius i n bisher unbekannten Exzerpten aus d e r Kirchengeschichte des P h i l i p p u s Sidetes ( T U 5 / 2 ) , Berlin 1888,165-184. Brandes, "Wolfram, Anastasios 6 6iKopoc,. E n d z e i t e r w a r t u n g u n d K a i s e r k r i t i k i n B y z a r i z u r n 500 n.Chr., B y Z 9 0 , 1 9 9 7 , 2 4 - 6 3 . B r a t k e , E d u a r d , Das sogenannte Religionsgesprach a m H o f d e r Sasaniden ( T U 1 9 / 4 ) , L e i p z i g 1899. B r e y d y , M i c h a e l , Agapius v o n M a n b i g u n d sein historisches W e r k , O r C h r 73, 1989, 9 0 - 9 6 . B r o o k e , A l a n E . / N o r m a n M c L e a n , T h e O l d Testament i n G r e e k , v o l . 1.4, C a m b r i d g e 1917. Burgess, R i c h a r d W . ( w i t h the assistance o f W i t o l d W i t a k o w s k i ) , Studies i n Eusebian and Post-Eusebian Chronography (Historia. Einzelschriften 135), S t u t t g a r t 1999. Burgess, R i c h a r d W , A p o l o g e t i c a n d C h r o n o g r a p h y . T h e A n t e c e d e n t s o f Julius A f r i c a n u s , i n : Julius A f r i c a n u s u n d d i e christliche W e l t c h r o n i s t i k , ed. M . W a l l r a f f ( T U 157), B e r l i n 2 0 0 6 , 1 7 - 4 2 . C a r r 1 9 2 5 : see Conspectus gelia C h r i s t e s e n , Paul/Zara M a r t i r o s o v a - T o r l o n e , T h e O l y m p i c V i c t o r List o f Euse b i u s . B a c k g r o u n d , Text a n d T r a n s l a t i o n , T r a d i t i o 6 1 , 2 0 0 6 , 3 1 - 9 3 . C r e h a n , J o s e p h , Africanus, Julius, i n : T R E 1, B e r l i n 1 9 7 7 , 6 3 5 - 6 4 0 . Croke, B r i a n , The Origins o f the Christian W o r l d Chronicle, i n : History and H i s t o r i a n s i n Late A n t i q u i t y , ed. B. C r o k e / A . M . E m m e t t , S y d n e y 1983, 1 1 6 131 ( = i d . , C h r i s t i a n C h r o n i c l e s a n d Byzantine H i s t o r y , 5 - 6 * Centuries, A l d e r s h o t 1992, I I I ) . C r o k e , B r i a n , Byzantine C h r o n i c l e W r i t i n g , i n : Studies i n J o h n Malalas, ed. E. Jeffreys/B. C r o k e / R . Scott, S y d n e y 1 9 9 0 , 2 7 - 5 4 . D ' A l f o n s o , Francesca, E u r i p i d e i n G i o v a n n i M a l a l a , T o r i n o 2 0 0 6 . D e S a n c t i s , Gaetano, A T 0 I Z . S t o r i a della r e p u b b l i c a ateniese dalle o r i g i n i alia eta d i Pericle. T o r i n o 1 9 1 2 . D i n d o r f , W i l h e l m (ed.), Georgius Syncellus et N i c e p h o r u s C o n s t a n t i n o p o l i t a nus, 2 v o l s . ( C S H B ) , B o n n 1829. Dittenberger, W i l h e l m / K a r l Purgold, D i e Inschriften v o n O l y m p i a (Olympia. D i e E r g e b n i s s e der v o n d e m d e u t s c h e n Reich veranstalteten A u s g r a b u n g 5), B e r l i n 1896. D r o g e , A r t h u r J., H o m e r or Moses? E a r l y C h r i s t i a n I n t e r p r e t a t i o n s o f the H i s t o r y o f C u l t u r e ( H U T h 26), T u b i n g e n 1989. D r o s t - A b g a r j a n , A r m e n u h i , E i n neuer F u n d zur armenischen M . W a l l r a f f ( T U 157), B e r l i n 2 0 0 6 , 2 5 5 - 2 6 2 . V e r s i o n der E u s e b i o s - C h r o n i k , i n : Julius A f r i c a n u s u n d die christliche W e l t c h r o n i s t i k , ed.
2 t h

Finegan, Jack, H a n d b o o k o f B i b l i c a l C h r o n o l o g y . Principles o f T i m e R e c k o n i n g i n the A n c i e n t W o r l d a n d Problems o f C h r o n o l o g y i n the Bible, R e v i s e d e d i t i o n , Peabody 1998. F o t h e r i n g h a m , John K n i g h t , T h e B o d l e i a n M a n u s c r i p t o f Jeromes Version o f t h e C h r o n i c l e o f Eusebius, r e p r o d u c e d i n c o l l o t y p e , O x f o r d 1905. F o t h e r i n g h a m , John K n i g h t (ed.), Eusebii P a m p h i l i C h r o n i c i canones latine v e r t i t , adauxit, a d sua t e m p o r a p r o d u x i t S. Eusebius H i e r o n y m u s , L o n d o n 1923. F r i c k 1892: see Conspectus Jahres-Bericht s.v. Excerpta latina B a r b a r i der Frick, Carl, Beitrage z u r Griechischen C h r o n o l o g i e u n d Literaturgeschichte, i i b e r das K o n i g W i l h e l m s - G y m n a s i u m z u H o x t e r a n W e s e r B , 1880,3-14. G a l l a n d i , A n d r e a (ed.), B i b l i o t h e c a v e t e r u m p a t r u m a n t i q u o r u m q u e s c r i p t o r u m ecclesiasticorum, v o l . 2, Venezia 1766. Gelzer: see Editores Gelzer: see Editores Goar
(m)

et et et

emendatores emendatores emendatores

Gerland, Ernst, H e i n r i c h Gelzer, B y Z 1 6 , 1 9 0 7 , 4 1 7 - 4 3 0 . : see Editores Godet, P., Galland, A n d r e , i n : D T h C 6,1, Paris 1920,1095. Graf, Georg, Geschichte d e r c h r i s t l i c h e n arabischen Literatur, v o l . 2. D i e S c h r i f t steller bis zur M i t t e des 15. Jahrhunderts (StT 133), R o m a 1947. Grafton, A n t h o n y , Joseph Scaliger. A Study i n t h e H i s t o r y o f Classical Scholar ship, 2 vols. ( O x f o r d - W a r b u r g Studies), O x f o r d 1983-93. Harnack, Adolf, G e s c h i c h t e d e r altchristlichen L i t t e r a t u r bis Eusebius, 2. Teil. D i e C h r o n o l o g i e , v o l . 1, L e i p z i g 1897 ( r e p r i n t B e r l i n 1958). v o n Harnack, A d o l f , Julius A f r i k a n u s , der B i b l i o t h e k a r des Kaisers A l e x a n d e r Severus.in: Aufsatze, F r i t z M i l k a u g e w i d m e t , L e i p z i g 1921,142-146. H e l m 1956: see Conspectus s.v. Eusebius, Canones Geschichte des P h i l i p p o s v o n Side. M i t e i n e m H e y d e n , Katharina, D i e Christliche

s.v. G r e g o r i u s Barhebraeus, C o m m e n t a r i u m i n Evan-

k o m m e n t i e r t e n K a t a l o g der Fragmente, i n : Julius Africanus u n d die c h r i s t liche W e l t c h r o n i s t i k , ed. M . W a l l r a f f ( T U 157), B e r l i n 2 0 0 6 , 2 0 9 - 2 4 3 . Hunger, Herbert, D i e h o c h s p r a c h l i c h e profane L i t e r a t u r der Byzantiner, 2 v o l s . ( H A W 12,5), M u n c h e n 1978. H u n t , W i l l i a m , Joseph M a r t i n R o u t h , i n : D N B 17, O x f o r d 1897,324-326. Huxley, George L., O n t h e E r u d i t i o n o f George t h e Synkellos, Proceedings o f t h e Royal I r i s h A c a d e m y 8 1 c / 6 , 1 9 8 1 , 2 0 7 - 2 1 7 . Huxley, George L., A T h e b a n K i n g l i s t i n Malalas, P h i l o l o g u s 1 3 1 , 1 9 8 7 , 1 5 9 - 1 6 1 . Inglebert, Herve, A p h r a a t e , le sage persan. L a p r e m i e r e historiographie s y r i aque, Syria 78, 2 0 0 1 , 1 7 9 - 2 0 8 . Jacoby, F r i e d r i c h , E x c e r p t a Barbari, i n : PRE 6,2, S t u t t g a r t 1909,1566-1576. Jeanjean, B e n o i t / B e r t r a n d L a n c o n (ed.), Jerome, C h r o n i q u e . C o n t i n u a t i o n de l a C h r o n i q u e d'Eusebe, annees 326-378, suivie de quatre etudes sur les c h r o -

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e d i t i o n L e i d e n 1658, q u o t e d hereafter). et ses notices b i o -

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(AGWG.PH 40),

K e d r e n c h r o n i k , B y Z 30,

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I o a n n e s C h r y s o s t o m u s Catena i n M a t t h a e u m I o a n n e s D a m a s c e n u s , Sacra parallela, i n : O p e r a O m n i a , ed. M . L e q u i e n , v o l . 2, Paris 1 7 1 2 , 2 7 4 - 7 3 0 ( = P G 9 5 , 1 0 3 3 - 1 5 8 8 ; 96,9-442). * Vaticanus gr. 1236, saec. X V * Vaticanus O t t o b o n i a n u s gr. 79, saec. X V Ioannes L y d u s , D e magistratibus populi Romani ( A m e r i c a n Philosophical

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LXXVI

Conspectus Siglorum

Conspectus Siglorum

LXXVII

N i c e p h o r u s C a l l i s t u s X a n t h o p u l u s , E x c e r p t a ex historia ecclesiastica ( v i d e de Boor 1888). * O x o n i e n s i s B a r o c c i a n u s 142, saec. X I V Paschale C a m p a n u m a n n o 4 6 4 - 5 9 9 . E p i t o m a t e m p o r u m et i n d i c u l u m pascae, i n : C h r o n i c a m i n o r a saec. I V . V . V I . V I I . , v o l . 1, ed. T h . M o m m s e n ( M G H . A A 1), Berlin 1892, 744-750. V W * Vaticanus Reginae S u e d i c o r u m 2077, saec. V I Guelferbytanus Helmstadiensis 597, a n n o 8 2 0 c h r o n o n , ed. S. G . S a m o d u r o v a , Vizantijskij

Sulpicius Severus, C h r o n i c a , ed. G. de Senneville-Grave (SC 441), Paris 1999. Symeon Logothetes, C h r o n i c o n V P * V a t . g r . 163, saec. X I I Parisinus gr. 1711, anno 1013 Leo G r a m m a t i c u s , C h r o n o g r a p h i a , ed. I . B e k k e r ( C S H B ) , B o n n 1842. Theodosius M e l i t e n u s , Chronographia, ed. T h . L . F. Tafel ( M o n u m e n t a Saecularia A c a d e m i a e S c i e n t i a r u m Monacensis 3,1), M t i n c h e n 1859. * Monacensis gr. 218, saec. X I vide etiam: C e d r e n u s et Iulius Pollux

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ps. Symeon, C h r o n i c o n a n o n y m u m i n e d i t u m * Parisinus gr. 1712, f. 1 8 - 2 7 1 , saec. X I I I

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2

Laurentianus 70,7, saec. X Laurentianus 69,5, saec. X I X e r o p o t a m u 2 2 6 ( A t h o u s 2559), saec. X I V T h e o d o r u s L e c t o r i n M a r c i a n o gr. 344, saec. X I I I Cassiodorus, H i s t o r i a t r i p a r t i t a (GCS N.F. 4),

H i s t o r i a ecclesiastica, e d . J. B i d e z / G . C h . H a n s e n

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2

Parisinus gr. 2625 pars recentior, saec. X I V Parisinus gr. 2 6 2 3 , saec. X V A n g e l i c a n u s 75, saec. X V L a u r e n t i a n u s 5 5 , 1 , a n n o 1422 L u g d u n e n s i s Vossianus 2 fol., saec. X I I M a r c i a n u s 448, saec. X I I I

ABBREVIATIONES 1. Opera in apparatu adhibita

A l d h e l m u s Malmesbiriensis de m e t r i s Aelian. nat. a n i m a l . v a r i a hist. Alex. Polyh. A n o n . Matr. A n t h . Graec. App. b e l l . civ. Ar. Ach. Arist. Pol. ps. A t h . fr. pass. Aug. retract. Aur. Vict. Caes. Barhebr. D e m e t r i s et e n i g m a t i b u s ac p e d u m regulis, ed. R. E h w a l d , A l d h e l m i opera ( M G H . A A 15), B e r l i n 1 9 1 9 , 5 9 - 2 0 4 . Claudius Aelianus D e n a t u r a a n i m a l i u m , ed. A . F. Scholfield, 3 v o l . , L o n d o n 1958-59. V a r i a H i s t o r i a , ed. M . R. Dilts, L e i p z i g 1974. A l e x a n d e r Polyhistor, F G r H i s t 273 A n o n y m u s M a t r i t e n s i s , ed. A . Bauer, L e i p z i g 1909. A n t h o l o g i a Graeca, ed. H . Beckby, 4 v o l . , M i i n c h e n 1 9 6 5 68. Appianus B e l l u m civile, ed. L. Mendelssohn/P. V i e r e c k , L e i p z i g 1905. Aristophanes Acharnenses, ed. V. C o u l o n , v o l . 1, Paris 1 9 5 2 , 1 2 - 6 6 . Aristoteles Politica, ed. J. A u b o n n e t , 5 v o l . , Paris 1 9 8 6 - 1 9 9 1 . ps. A t h a n a s i u s A l e x a n d r i n u s Fragmenta v a r i a , P G 28,1252-1257. H o m i l i a i n p a s s i o n e m et c r u c e m d o m i n i , P G 28,185-250. Aurelius Augustinus Retractationes, ed. A . M u t z e n b e c h e r ( C C h r . S L 57), T u r n h o u t 1984. Sextus A u r e l i u s V i c t o r L i b e r de Caesaribus, ed. F. Pichlmayr, L e i p z i g 1911 (ed. anast. Stuttgart 1993). G r e g o r i u s Barhebraeus C h r o n o g r a p h i a , ed. et trans. E. A . W a l l i s Budge, v o l . 1, L o n d o n 1932. hist. d y n . hor. m y s t . Bas. hex. H i s t o r i a e d y n a s t a r u m (arabice), ed. et trans. E. Pococke, O x f o r d 1663. C o m m e n t a r i u m i n Evangelia ex H o r r e o M y s t e r i o r u m , ed. et trans. W. E. W . Carr, L o n d o n 1925. Basilius Caesariensis H o m i l i a e i n hexaemeron, ed. E. A m a n d de Mendieta/St. Y. R u d b e r g (GCS N.F. 2 ) , B e r l i n 1997.
2

LXXX ps. Bas.

Abbreviationes

1. Opera in apparatu adhibita

LXXXI

ps. Basilius Caesariensis Enarratio i n proph. Isaiam Enarratio i n prophetam ( C P S . G 4 - 5 ) , T o r i n o 1939. I s a i a m , ed. P. Trevisan, 2 v o l .

Didym. in Gen. D i o d . Sic. D i o g . Laert. Dionys. Sal. c o m m . Ev. Dion. Hal.

D i d y m u s Caecus ( A l e x a n d r i n u s ) C o m m e n t a r i u s i n G e n e s i m , ed. P. N a u t i n , 2 v o l . (SC 2 3 3 , 2 4 4 ) , Paris 1976-1978. D i o d o r u s Siculus, B i b l i o t h e c a historica, ed. F. V o g e l et a l . , 6 v o l . , Leipzig 1 8 8 8 - 1 9 0 6 . Diogenes Laertius, V i t a e p h i l o s o p h o r u m , ed. H . S. L o n g , 2 vol., Oxford 1964-66. D i o n y s i u s bar Salibi C o m m e n t a r i i i n Evangelia 1,1, trans. J. Sedlacek ( C S C O 16, Syr. 16), Roma 1906. D i o n y s i u s Halicarnassensis, A n t i q u i t a t e s Romanae, ed. V . F r o m e n t i n ( C o l l e c t i o n des Universites de France, grecque 386), Paris 1998. Serie

Callimachus fr. Cassiod. Cass. D i o Cat. G e n . Cat. M t . F r a g m e n t a , ed. R. Pfeiffer, O x f o r d 1949. C a s s i o d o r u s , H i s t o r i c a ecclesiastica t r i p a r t i t a , ed. R. Hanslik(CSEL71),Wienl952. Cassius D i o , H i s t o r i a r u m R o m a n o r u m quae supersunt, ed. U . Ph. Boissevain, 5 v o l . , B e r l i n 1 8 9 5 - 1 9 3 1 . C a t e n a i n G e n e s i m , ed. F. Petit, 4 v o l . ( T r a d i t i o exegetica graeca l - 4 ) , L o u v a i n 1991-1996. C a t e n a i n M a t t h a e u m , ed. J. A . C r a m e r , i n : Catenae grae c o r u m p a t r u m i n N o v u m T e s t a m e n t u m , v o l . 1, I n evangel i a S. M a t t h a e i et S. M a r c i , O x f o r d Cedr. Chron. Epit. C h r o n . Pasch. Chron. Synt. Cic div. Clem. Alex, paed. strom. ker, v o l . 1 ( C S H B ) , B o n n 1838. C h r o n i c o n E p i t o m o n , ed. A . Pusch, Jena 1908. C h r o n i c o n Paschale, ed. L. D i n d o r f , v o l . 1 ( C S H B ) , B o n n 1832. C h r o n o g r a p h e i o n S y n t o m o n , ed. A . Schoene, Eusebii c h r o n i c u m l i b r i d u o , v o l . 1, B e r l i n 1875, A p p e n d i x 4 , 5 9 - 1 0 2 . M a r c u s Tullius Cicero D e d i v i n a t i o n e , ed. R. G i o m i n i ( B i T e u ) , L e i p z i g 1975, 1 148. Clemens Alexandrinus Paedagogus, ed. M . M a r c o v i c h / J . C . v a n W i n d e n ( S V i g C h r 6 1 ) , L e i d e n 2002. S t r o m a t a I - V I , ed. O . S t a h l i n / L . F r u c h t e l / U . T r e u (GCS 52, C l e m e n s A l e x a n d r i n u s 2), B o n n 1 9 8 5 . S t r o m a t a V I I - V I I I , ed. O. S t a h l i n / L . F r u c h t e l (GCS 17, Cle m e n s A l e x a n d r i n u s 3), B e r l i n 1 9 7 0 . C o n s t a n t i n u s Manasses chron. Cyr. clul. Os.-Mal. fr. M t . C h r o n i c o n , ed. I . B e k k e r ( C S H B 1 5 ) , B o n n 1837. Cyrillus Alexandrinus C o n t r a I u l i a n u m imperatorem, PG 76,504-1064. C o m m e n t a r i u s i n X I I prophetas m i n o r e s , ed. P. E. Pusey, 2 v o l . , O x f o r d 1868 (ed. anast. B r u x e l l e s 1965). Commentarii i n Matthaeum, fragmenta, ed. J. Reuss, can. can." M a t t h a u s - K o m m e n t a r e aus d e r g r i e c h i s c h e n K i r c h e ( T U 61), B e r l i n 1957,153-269. Exc. Eus.
2 4

Eel. C h r o n .

Ecloga C h r o n i c a r u m , ed. J. A . Cramer, A n e c d o t a graeca e c o d i c i b u s manuscriptis Bibliothecae Regiae Parisiensis, v o l . 2, O x f o r d 1839 (ed. anast. H i l d e s h e i m 1967), 2 3 1 - 2 4 2 .

1844,1-257,449-496. Eel. Hist.

G e o r g i u s Cedrenus, C o m p e n d i u m h i s t o r i a r u m , ed. I . Bek-

Ecloga H i s t o r i a r u m , ed. J. A . Cramer, A n e c d o t a graeca e c o d i c i b u s manuscriptis Bibliothecae Regiae Parisiensis, v o l . 2, O x f o r d 1839 (ed. anast. H i l d e s h e i m 1967), 1 6 5 - 2 3 0 .

Elias N i s i b . Epiph. anc. haer.

Elias Nisibenus, O p u s c h r o n o l o g i c u m I , trans. E. W . B r o o k s ( C S C O 63*, Syr. 2 3 ) , R o m a 1910. Epiphanius Constantiensis A n c o r a t u s , ed. K . H o l l ( G C S 25, Epiphanius 1), L e i p z i g 1915,1-149. P a n a r i o n seu adversus l x x x haereses, 1-33, ed. K . H o l l ( G C S 25, Epiphanius 1), L e i p z i g 1915. P a n a r i o n seu adversus l x x x haereses, 3 4 - 6 4 , ed. K . H o l l / J . D u m m e r (GCS 3 1 , E p i p h a n i u s 2), Berlin 1980. P a n a r i o n seu adversus l x x x haereses, 6 5 - 8 0 , ed. K . H o l l / J . D u m m e r (GCS 37, E p i p h a n i u s 3), B e r l i n 1 9 8 5 .
2 2

Eus. chron.

Eusebius Caesariensis C h r o n o g r a p h i a ( p r i m a pars c h r o n i c o r u m ) , versio 1911,1-143. Excerpta Eusebiana, ed. J. Cramer, A n e c d o t a graeca e c o d i c i b u s m a n u s c r i p t i s Bibliotheceae Regiae Parisiensis, armeniaca, trans. J. K a r s t ( G C S 20, Eusebius W e r k e 5 ) , L e i p z i g

v o l . 2, O x f o r d 1839 (ed. anast. H i l d e s h e i m 1967), 1 1 5 - 1 6 3 ( = ed. A . Schoene, Eusebi c h r o n i c o r u m l i b r i d u o , v o l . 1, Berlin 1875,1-286). Canones (secunda pars c h r o n i c o r u m ) = c a n . Eusebius Werke 7), B e r l i n 1 9 5 6 ( = 1984).
2 3 H e r

et c a n .

a r m e n

Canones, versio l a t i n a H i e r o n y m i , ed. R. H e l m (GCS 47,

LXXXII can. reg. sen'


a r m e n

Abbreviationes

1. Opera in apparatu adhibita

LXXXIII

Canones, versio a r m e n i a c a , trans. J. Karst ( G C S 20, Euse bius Werke 5), L e i p z i g 1 9 1 1 , 1 5 6 - 2 2 7 . R e g u m series s e c u n d u m 155. versionem armeniacam, trans. J. Karst (GCS 20, Eusebius W e r k e 5), L e i p z i g 1 9 1 1 , 1 4 5 -

ps. Gr. Nyss. h o r n . 1 cr.

ps. G r e g o r i u s Nyssenus H o m i l i a 1 de creatione h o m i n i s , ed. H . H o r n e r ( G r e g o r i i N y s s e n i opera. S u p p l e m e n t u m ) , L e i d e n 1972, 2 - 4 0 ( = P G 30,9-37; 44,257-277).

imag. Hdt. Hier. ep. in Dan. vir. i l l . Hilarian. curs. temp. Hipp. chron. Dan. haer. Hist. Dynast. Horn. II. Od. Iambi. v i t . Pythag. Io. A n a g .

Q u i d sit, ad i m a g i n e m dei, P G 4 4 , 1 3 2 7 - 1 3 4 6 . H e r o d o t u s , ed. H . B. Rosen, 2 vol., L e i p z i g 1987-1997. Hieronymus Epistulae, 4 vol., ed. I . H i l b e r g ( C S E L 5 4 - 5 6 ) , W i e n 1 9 9 6 . C o m m e n t a r i i i n D a n i e l e m , ed. F. G l o r i e ( C C h r . S L 7 5 A ) , T u r n h o u t 1964. D e v i r i s illustribus, ed. A . Ceresa-Gastaldo, Firenze 1988. Hilarianus D e c u r s u t e m p o r u m , ed. C. F r i c k , C h r o n i c a M i n o r a , v o l . 1, Leipzig 1892,155-174. Hippolytus C h r o n i c o n , ed. A . Bauer/R. H e l m (GCS 46, H i p p o l y t u s W e r k e 4 ) , B e r l i n 1955. C o m m e n t a r i i i n D a n i e l e m , ed. G . N . B o n w e t s c h / M . R i c h a r d ( G C S N.F. 7), B e r l i n 2 0 0 0 . R e f u t a t i o o m n i u m haeresium, ed. M . M a r c o v i c h (PTS 2 5 ) , B e r l i n 1986. v i d e Barhebr. Homerus Ilias, ed. T. W. A l l e n , O x f o r d 1931. Odyssea, ed. P. v o n der M u h l l ( E d i t i o n e s helveticae. Series graeca 4 ) , Basel 1 9 6 2 . Iamblichus D e v i t a Pythagorica, ed. L . D e u b n e r / U . K l e i n , Stuttgart
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reg. s e r .

R e g u m series s e c u n d u m v e r s i o n e m l a t i n a m H i e r o n y m i , ed. A . Schoene, Eusebi c h r o n i c o r u m l i b r i duo, v o l . 1, B e r l i n 1875, A p p e n d i x I B , 2 5 - 4 0 .

d e m . ev. eel. p r o p h . fr. L c . h.e.

D e m o n s t r a t i o evangelica, ed. I . H e i k e l (GCS 2 3 , Eusebius W e r k e 6), L e i p z i g 1913. Eclogae propheticae, ed. T h . Gaisford, O x f o r d 1842 ( = P G 22,1021-1262). Fragmenta i n L u c a m , P G 24,529-606. H i s t o r i a ecclesiastica, ed. E. Schwartz (accedit v e r s i o l a t i n a R u f i n i , ed. T h . M o m m s e n ) , 3 v o l . (GCS 9, Eusebius W e r k e 2), Leipzig 1 9 0 3 - 1 9 0 9 ( = 1 9 9 9 ) .
2

o n o m a s t i c o n O n o m a s t i c o n , ed. E . K l o s t e r m a n n (GCS 1 1 , 1 , Eusebius W e r k e 3,1), L e i p z i g 1904, v i d e e t i a m t e x t u m s y r i a c u m , ed. S. T i m m ( T U 152), B e r l i n 2005. p r a e p . ev. reg. v.C. ps. Eust. hex. Exc. Barb. Exc. Eus. Exp. off. ser. Praeparatio evangelica, ed. K . M r a s / E . desPlaces, 2 v o l .
2

(GCS 43, Eusebius W e r k e 8), B e r l i n 1 9 8 2 - 1 9 8 3 . v i d e supra sub can. V i t a C o n s t a n t i n i , ed. F. W i n k e l r n a n n (GCS Eusebius W e r k e 1,1), B e r l i n 1 9 9 1 . ps. Eustathius C o m m e n t a r i u s i n h e x a e m e r o n , ed. L. A l l a t i u s , L e i d e n 1629 ( = P G 18,708-793). Excerpta latina B a r b a r i , i n : C h r o n i c a M i n o r a , e d . C. Frick, v o l . 1, L e i p z i g 1 8 9 2 , 1 8 3 - 3 7 1 . v i d e Eus. A n o n y m i auctoris E x p o s i t i o o f f l c i o r u m ecclesiae, G e o r g i o A r b e l e n s i v u l g o a d s c r i p t a , v o l . 1, trans. R. H . C o n n o l l y ( C S C O 7 1 , Syr. 2 8 ) , Paris 1913. FGrHist FHG Georg. M o n . cont. Fragmente der griechischen H i s t o r i k e r , ed. F. Jacoby, B e r l i n / L e i p z i g 1923ss. Fragmenta h i s t o r i c o r u m G r a e c o r u m , ed. C. M u e l l e r , 5 v o l . , Paris 1841-1873. Georgius M o n a c h u s , C h r o n i c o n , ed. C. de B o o r / P . W i r t h , 2 vol., S t u t t g a r t 1 9 7 8 . Georgius M o n a c h u s c o n t i n u a t u s , ed. E. de M u r a l t , Sanktp e t e r b u r g 1859 ( = P G 110,41-1286). G r e g o r i u s B a r h e b r a e u s , v i d e Barhebr.
2 2

1975. Anagnostes, Chronographia


v r

Ioannes

inedita in

codice

A t h e n i e n s i B i b l . Nat. 2492, f. 1 0 8 - 1 1 6 ( s e c u n d u m M o s s h a m m e r i n e d i t i o n e Syncelli). Ioannes A n t i o c h e n u s , Fragmenta ex H i s t o r i a chronica, ed. U . R o b e r t o ( T U 154), B e r l i n 2005. Anonymi excerpta c h r o n o g r a p h i c a , ed. U . Roberto, i n :

Io.Ant. ps. I o . A n t . Io. C h r y s .

I o a n n e s A n t i o c h e n u s (vide supra), 5 5 6 - 5 7 5 . Ioannes Chrysostomus h o r n , i n Gen, H o m i l i a e i n G e n e s i m , PG 53,21 - 54,580. h o m . i n M t . H o m i l i a e i n M a t t h a e u m , PG 57,13 - 58,794. h o r n , i n Io. H o m i l i a e i n I o a n n e m , PG 5 9 , 2 3 - 4 8 2 . Io. Lyd. Ioannes Lydus mens. D e m e n s i b u s , ed. R. W u n s c h , L e i p z i g 1898.

LXXXIV Io.Mal. Io. N i c .

Abbreviationes

1. Opera in apparatu adhibita

LXXXV

I o a n n e s Malalas, C h r o n o g r a p h i a , e d J. T h u r n ( C F H B 3 5 ) , B e r l i n 2000. I o a n n e s Niciensis, T h e c h r o n i c l e o f John, bishop o f N i k i u , t r a n s l a t e d f r o m Zotenberg's E t h i o p i c text b y R. H . C h a r l e s , O x f o r d 1916.

Liber Genealogus

Liber Genealogus

anni CCCXVII, in: Chronica m i n o r a

saec. I V . V . V I . V I L , v o l . 1, ed. T h . M o m m s e n ( M G H . A A 9 ) , Berlin 1892,160-196. Lucian. verae h i s t . M i c h . Syr. M i c h . Psellus h i s t . synt. Mos. C h o r e n . Lucianus Verae historiae, ed. M . D . Macleod, i n : L u c i a n i opera, v o l . 1, Oxford 1972,82-125. M i c h a e l Syrus, C h r o n i c o n , ed. et trans. J. B. C h a b o t , 4 v o l . , Paris 1899-1910. M i c h a e l Psellus M i c h a e l i Pselli H i s t o r i a Syntomos, ed. W . J. A e r t s ( C F H B 30), B e r l i n 1990. Moses Chorenensis, H i s t o r i a A r m e n i o r u m , ed. M . A b e lean/S. Y a r o u t ' i w n e a n , T i f l i s 1913 (ed. anast. c u m
2

Iordanes Rom Ios. ant. I u d . bell. I u d . c. A p . Iren. haer. IsodadMerv.

Iordanes Gothus D e s u m m a t e m p o r u m v e l o r i g i n e actibusque gentis R o m a n o r u m , ed. T h . M o m m s e n ( M G H A A 5,1), B e r l i n 1882. F l a v i u s Iosephus A n t i q u i t a t e s Iudaicae, ed. B. Niese, 4 v o l . , B e r l i n 1885 1896. B e l l u m I u d a i c u m , ed. O . M i c h e l / O . Bauernfeind, 3 v o l . , D a r m s t a d t 1959-1969. C o n t r a A p i o n e m , ed. T h . R e i n a c h , Paris 1972. I r e n a e u s Lugdunensis A d v e r s u s haereses, ed. A . Rousseau/L. Doutreleau, 2 v o l . (SC 2 1 1 ) , Paris 20 02. I s o d a d Mervensis, C o m m e n t a r i u s i n vetus L o u v a i n 1962-1963. testamentum, OrMan Or. Cels. ed. C. v a n d e n Eynde ( C S C O 229, 230 = SS 96, 97), 2 v o l . ,
2

prae-

fatione R. W. T h o m s o n , N e w York 1981). Niceph. c h r o n . syn. Nicephorus p a t r i a r c h a C o n s t a n t i n o p o l i t a n u s C h r o n i c o n breve, ed. C. de Boor, N i c e p h o r i a r c h i e p i s c o p i C o n s t a n t i n o p o l i t a n i opuscula historica, L e i p z i g 1880, 7 9 135. O r a t i o Manassis Origenes C o n t r a C e l s u m , ed. H . B o r r e t , 5 v o l . (SC 132.136.147.150. 227), Paris 1 9 6 7 - 7 6 . c o m m . i n Gen. C o m m e n t a r i i i n G e n e s i m (fragmenta), P G 12,45-145. c o m m . i n M t . C o m m e n t a r i i i n M a t t h a e u m , 2 vol., ed. E. K l o s t e r m a n n / E . Benz (GCS 38.40, Origenes Werke 10), L e i p z i g 1 9 3 5 - 3 7 . sel. i n ps. Oros. hist. Paus. Selecta i n Psalmos (fragmenta), PG 12,1053-1686. Paulus Orosius Historiae adversus paganos, ed. M . - P . A r n a u d - L i n d e t , 3 vol., Paris 1 9 9 0 - 1 9 9 1 . Pausanias, Graeciae descriptio, ed. M . Casevitz, v o l . 1-4, Paris 1998-2002 ( l i b r i 1,2,7,8); ed. M . H . Rocha-Pereira, v o l . 1-3, L e i p z i g 1 9 8 9 - 1 9 9 0 . Petr. A l e x . Phil. Sid. Philo migr. Abr. op. post. Petrus A l e x a n d r i n u s , Ekthesis c h r o n o n , ed. S. G . Samodurova, Vizantijskij V r e m e n n i k 1 8 , 1 9 6 1 , 1 5 0 - 1 9 7 . Philippus Sidensis, C h r i s t i a n a historia, cf. H e y d e n 2006. Philo A l e x a n d r i n u s D e m i g r a t i o n e A b r a h a m i , ed. P. W e n d l a n d , i n : P h i l o n i s A l e x a n d r i n i opera, v o l . 2, B e r l i n 1897,268-314. D e opificio m u n d i , ed. L . C o h n , i n : P h i l o n i s A l e x a n d r i n i opera, v o l . 1, B e r l i n 1 8 9 6 , 1 - 6 0 . D e posteritate C a i n i , ed. P. Wendland, i n : P h i l o n i s A l e x a n d r i n i opera, v o l . 2, B e r l i n 1 8 9 7 , 1 - 4 1 .

I t i n e r a r i u m B u r d i g a l e n s e , ed. P. Geyer/O. C u n t z , i n : I t i n e r a r i a et alia g e o g r a p h i c a ( C C h r . S L 175), T u r n h o u t 1 9 6 5 , 1 - 2 6 . Iub. Iul. Afr. cest. ep. A r i s t . Liber Iubilaeorum Iulius Africanus C e s t i , ed. J.-R. V i e i l l e f o n d ( P I F F . H 2 0 ) , Firenze 1970. E p i s t u l a ad A r i s t i d e m , ed. W . R e i c h a r d t , D i e Briefe des Sextus Julius Africanus an A r i s t i d e s u n d Origenes ( T U 3 4 , 3 ) , Leipzig 1909,53-62. ep. O r i g . E p i s t u l a ad O r i g i n e m , ed. W . R e i c h a r d t , Die Briefe des Sextus Julius Africanus a n A r i s t i d e s u n d Origenes ( T U 3 4 , 3 ) , L e i p z i g 1909, 7 8 - 8 0 . I u l . Pol. lust. dial. ps. l u s t . coh. Gr. Iustin. L e o Gr. I u l i u s P o l l u x ( = ps. P o l y d e u k e s ) , H i s t o r i a physica, ed. J. H a r d t , M i i n c h e n 1792. Iustinus Martyr D i a l o g u s c u m T r y p h o n e Iudaeo, ed. M . M a r c o v i c h ( P T S 47), B e r l i n 1997. ps. I u s t i n u s C o h o r t a t i o a d Graecos, ed. M . M a r c o v i c h (PTS 3 2 ) , B e r l i n 1990. M . I u n i a n i Iustini Epitoma h i s t o r i a r u m Philippicarum P o m p e i T r o g i , ed. O. Seel, L e i p z i g 1935 (ed. anast. 1985). vide Sym. Log.

LXXXVI Philostr. gym. VA Phleg. Trail. Photius Pind. olymp. PL Ti. Plinius nat. hist. Plut.

Abbreviationes

2. Editores et emendatores

LXXXVII

L. F l a v i u s P h i l o s t r a t u s D e g y m n a s t i c a , ed. J. Jiithner, L e i p z i g / B e r l i n 1909. V i t a A p o l l o n i i , ed. J. Keyser, Flavii P h i l o s t r a t i opera, Leipzig 1870,1-344. P h l e g o n T r a l l i a n u s , F G r H i s t 257 P h o t i u s P a t r i a r c h a , Bibliotheca, 8 v o l . , ed. R. H e n r y ( C B y ) , Paris 1 9 5 9 - 1 9 7 7 . Pindarus C a r m i n a O l y m p i a c a , ed. A . Puech ( C U F r ) , Paris 1958. Plato T i m a e u s , e d . J. B u r n e t , i n : Platonis O p e r a , v o l . 4, O x f o r d 1902, p . I l l , 1 7 a - 9 2 c St. C. P l i n i u s S e c u n d u s N a t u r a l i s h i s t o r i a , ed. L. I a n / K . M a y h o f f , 5 v o l . , Leipzig 1892-1909. Plutarchus
4

Suet. Nero Sulp. Sev. chron. ps. Sym. Sym. Log. Leo Gr. Th. Mel.

C a i u s Suetonius T r a n q u i l l u s D e v i t a Caesarum, l i b . V I . N e r o , ed. M . I h m , L e i p z i g 1908, 222-259. S u l p i c i u s Severus C h r o n i c a , ed. G . d e Senneville-Grave (SC 441), Paris 1999. ps. Symeon, A n o n y m i opus i n e d i t u m i n codice Parisino gr. 1712, f. 18-271; vide et Gelzer 2 , 2 7 6 - 2 9 7 ; 3 5 7 - 3 8 4 . S y m e o n Logothetes Leo Grammaticus, C h r o n o g r a p h i a , ed. I . Bekker, B o n n 1842. T h e o d o s i u s Melitenus, C h r o n o g r a p h i a , ed. T h . L . F. Tafel ( M o n u m e n t a Saecularia A c a d e m i a e S c i e n t i a r u m M o n a censis 3 , l ) , M i i n c h e n 1859. vide e t i a m Cedr., I u l . Pol.

Sync. Tac. dial. Tat. orat. TGFr Th. Mel. Theodorus Lector epitome Theoph. A n t . Autol. Thuc. Vard. Zon.

G e o r g i u s Syncellus, Ecloga c h r o n o g r a p h i c a , ed. A . A . M o s s h a m m e r (BiTeu), L e i p z i g 1984. C o r n e l i u s Tacitus D i a l o g u s de Oratoribus, ed. R. Mayer, C a m b r i d g e 2 0 0 1 . Tatianus O r a t i o ad Graecos , ed. M . W h i t t a k e r , O x f o r d 1982. T r a g i c o r u m g r a e c o r u m f r a g m e n t a , ed. A . N a u c k , L e i p z i g
2

de D a e d . Plat D e D a e d a l i s Plataeensibus, i n : M o r a l i a , v o l . 7, ed. F. H . S a n d b a c h ( B i T e u ) , Leipzig 1 9 6 7 , 9 4 - 9 9 . P l a t , quaest. Numa Proc. G. in Gen. Prosp. Platonicae quaestiones, ed. C. H u b e r t , i n : P l u t a r c h i M o ralia, V I / I , L e i p z i g 1 9 5 4 , 1 1 3 - 1 4 2 . V i t a N u m a e , ed. R. Flaceliere et al., i n : Plutarque, Vies, vol. 1 ( C U F r ) , Paris'1993,256-318. P r o c o p i u s Gazaeus C o m m e n t a r i u s i n G e n e s i m usque a d cap. X V I I I , ed. A . M a i ( C A V C 6 ) , R o m 1834 ( = P G 8 7 / 1 , 2 1 - 5 1 2 ) . Prosper T i r o (Aquensis)

1889.

v i d e S y m . Log. H i s t o r i a ecdesiastica, ed. G . C . Hansen (GCS N . F . 3), B e r l i n


2

1995.

chron.

E p i t o m a c h r o n i c o r u m , i n : C h r o n i c a m i n o r a saec. I V V V I . V I I . , v o l . 1, ed. T h . M o m m s e n ( M G H . A A 9 ) , B e r l i n 1892, 385-485.

Theophilus Antiochenus A d A u t o l y c u m , ed. et trans. R. M . Grant, O x f o r d 1970. T h u c y d i d e s , Historiae, ed. H . S. Jones/J. E. Powell, 2 v o l . ( S C B O ) , Oxford 1942. V a r d a n Arawelc'i, O p u s h i s t o r i c u m , trans. R. W . T h o m s o n , DOP 43,1989,125-226. I o a n n e s Zonaras, E p i t o m e h i s t o r i a r u m , lib. 1-12, 3 vol., ed.

Quintil. i n s t i t . orat. SIG


3

M a r c u s Fabius Q u i n t i l i a n u s 7 v o l . , ed. J. C o u s i n ( C U F r ) , Paris 1 9 7 5 - 8 0 . Sylloge I n s c r i p t i o n u m G r a e c a r u m , 4 v o l . , ed. G. D i t t e n berger, L e i p z i g 1 9 1 5 - 1 9 2 4 .


3

Socr. Sol. Soz. Strabo Suda

Socrates, H i s t o r i a ecdesiastica, ed. G. C h . H a n s e n N.F. 1), B e r l i n 1995.

(GCS

L . D i n d o r f , Leipzig 1 8 6 8 - 1 8 7 5 .

Gaius I u l i u s S o l i n u s , Collectanea r e r u m m e m o r a b i l i u m , ed. T h . M o m m s e n , B e r l i n 1895. S o z o m e n u s , H i s t o r i a ecdesiastica, ed. J. B i d e z / G . C h . H a n sen ( G C S N . F . 4 ) , B e r l i n 1995. Strabo, G e o g r a p h i c a , 5 vol., ed. S. Radt, G o t t i n g e n 2003-06. Suidae l e x i c o n , 5 v o l . , ed. A . A d l e r ( L e x i c o g r a p h i Graeci 1), Leipzig 1928-1938. Chilm.
2 2

2. Editores et emendatores
Adler/Tuffin T h e C h r o n o g r a p h y o f George Synkellos. A Byzantine C h r o n i c l e o f U n i v e r s a l H i s t o r y f r o m the C r e a t i o n , translated w i t h i n t r o d u c t i o n a n d n o t e s b y W . Adler/P. T u f f i n , O x f o r d 2002. E. C h i l m e a d , Johannis Malalae H i s t o r i a chronica, O x f o r d 1691.

LXXXVIII Cr. Di. Gelzer J. A . C r a m e r L. Dindorf

Abbreviationes

3. Cetera

LXXXIX

cf. cod. codd. corr. del. des. ed. f. fort. fr. ibd. inc. in ms. 1. marg. man. p r i m . c h r o n o g r a p h i c a , ed. A . A . M o s s Ol. Pprop. r sc. scrips. suppl.
2

confer codex codices correxit/correxerunt delevit/deleverunt desinit/desinunt edidit/editio folium/folia fortasse fragmentum ibidem incipit/incipiunt in manuscripto linea/lineae in margine manus prima Olympias pagina/paginae proposuit/proposuerunt recto scilicet scripsit/scripserunt supplevit/suppleverunt verso

H . Gelzer, Sextus I u l i u s A f r i c a n u s u n d die byzantinische C h r o n o g r a p h i e , 2 v o l . et add., L e i p z i g 1 8 8 0 - 1 8 9 8 (ed. anast. 1 v o l . N e w Y o r k 1967).

Gelzer

ms

Sextus I u l i u s A f r i c a n u s , C h r o n o g r a p h i a , e d i t i o m a n u s c r i p t a , ed. H . Gelzer, a p u d B i b l i o t h e c a m U n i v e r s i t a t i s Jenensis (Nachlass H e i n rich Gelzer).

Goar

G e o r g i i m o n a c h i q u o n d a m S y n c e l l i c h r o n o g r a p h i a et N i c e p h o r i p a t r i a r c h a e b r e v i a r i u m c h r o n o g r a p h i c u m , ed. I . Goar ( C o r p u s b y z a n t i n a e historiae 15), R o m a 1652.

Goar

i n m a r g i n e e d i t i o n i s , R o m a 1652. A . v o n G u t s c h m i d , i n : Eusebi c h r o n i c o r u m l i b r i duo, ed. A . Schoe ne, v o l . 1, B e r l i n 1875. A . K a m b y l i s , i n : Ioannes M a l a l a s , C h r o n o g r a p h i a , ed. J. T h u r n ( C F H B 3 5 ) , B e r l i n 2000. Georgius Syncellus, Ecloga

Gutschmid Kamb. Moss. Routh

h a m m e r ( B i T e u ) , L e i p z i g 1984. Julius A f r i c a n u s , L i b r i q u i n q u e de t e m p o r i b u s seu c h r o n i c o n , ed. M . J. R o u t h , i n : Reliquiae Sacrae, v o l . 2, O x f o r d 1846, 2 3 8 - 3 0 9 , 3 5 7 - 5 0 9 (ed. anast. H i l d e s h e i m / N e w Y o r k 1974). Rutgers Seal. Vig. I . Rutgers, Sexti Julii A f r i c a n i 1862. J. J. Scaliger, Thesaurus T e m p o r u m , L e i d e n 1606 ( 1658). R Vigerius O l y m p i a d o n anagraphe, L e i d e n
2

3. Cetera
A b b r e v i a t i o n e s b i b l i o g r a p h i c a e s e c u n d u m S c h w e r t n e r 1992. l i t t e r a e i n c o d i c i b u s deperditae c o n i e c t u r a suppletae < > {} < [...] + = * ad loc. AM app. l i t t e r a e additae l i t t e r a e deletae omisit/omiserunt lacuna addidit/addiderunt transposuit/transposuerunt similiter etiam v i d e e t i a m ( i n hac e d i t i o n e ) ad l o c u m annus m u n d i apparatus/apparatu/apparatum

IULIUS AFRICANUS CHRONOGRAPHIAE

Iulius Africanus

T l Africanus under Pertinax and Septimius Severus ( A D 193)

Tl
Testimonia Tla G e o r g i u s Syncellus ( 4 3 4 , 1 1 - 2 1 M o s s h a m m e r ) T 1 Africanus Tla
After becoming emperor, Severus immediately executed the murderers of Pertinax. Clement, the author of the Stromata, a presbyter of the Alexandrian church and a most outstanding teacher, was showing brilliance in his writing in Christian philosophy. Pantaenus, a Stoic philosopher, was becoming eminent in divine doctrine.

on the Life of Iulius Africanus


and Septimius Severus (AD 193)
1

Zeuqpoc Si. paaiXeuaac, EUOUC, roue, lkpTivctKoc, cpovEurdc, OVEIXE. KXrjur|c, 6 ZxpcopaTEUc, TtpEofSuTEpoc. AXecav8pE(a.(; apiaTOc. SiSdOKaXoc, ev rfj K a r a Xpiardv cpiXooxxpia CTOVT&TTCOV SieXapTte. ndvxaivoc cpiXoaocpoc. aixb OTOHKCIIV ev to) 6eia) X6yu> SiErtpETtEv.
5

under Pertinax

A9piKav6c;

laxopiKOc;

Xpiattavoc, f]KuaCe.

AecaviSric'npry^vouc, naxfip epaptupnae Sicoypoo ysyovoToc. ev AXeijavSpeia. Mouaiavoc, EKicXpCTiaoTiKoc, ouyypacpEuc, eyvaipiCexo. '0.pi-yevr]c 6 ucrraiocppcov E V AXc.avSpia KvoSo;u>v'EXXr|vtKoic; 66yu.aaiv evEu>Tpi(e. TOOTOV Ei>a|3ioc, 6 nau.q>iXou (be, 6u6cppcuv eKoeidtjiov cruv aurii) XoyiaSdri.

The C h r i s t i a n h i s t o r i a n A f r i c a n u s w a s f l o u r i s h i n g .
Leonides, the father of Origen, was martyred when persecution broke out in Alexandria. Musianus, an ecclesiastical author, was becoming known.

1 cf. Cass. D i o 7 4 , U s ; Aur. Vict., Caes. 20,1 7 cf. Eus., c a n . " 212 8 cf. Eus., c a n .
Hier

2 - 4 cf. Eus.,

can.

H i t t

211

6 cf. Eus., c a n . " 212

H I

212'
C

Through the use of Greek doctrines, the feeble-minded Origen formulated in Alexandria mean ingless and radical ideas. As one who had the same beliefs and treated Origen like a god, Euse

[At = x (= C O T V ) + z (= M P Q R S ) ] 1 OEuppoq A x P M R S oePqpoc Q S Itdv-TEVOC, t | 5lE7ip7tEV t SlETtpClTTEV A 9 6p6(ppCl)V At OUOqJpOVO. C


c

4 Ttdvtaivoc, P TIEVTCUVOC. A

bius, [pupil] of Pamphilus, should be classed with him.

Tib

G e o r g i u s C e d r e n u s ( 4 4 1 , 1 7 - 2 1 B e k k e r ) , cf. e t i a m Symeon Logothetes ( L e o

Tib

G r a m m a t i c u s [ 7 1 , 1 6 - 1 8 Bekker] = T h e o d o s i u s M e l i t e n u s [ 5 4 , 1 8 - 2 0 Tafel])
'Em TOUTOU ( s c . Pertinax), cue, cpnolv Euoefhoc,, f|v 6 ZupuaYOc., elq Tciv eppnvEurcov Tfjc TU>v'E(Jpakov Ypa<pf|c,'E|3ia)vaIoc, tpv ai'peoiv- dXXd KCU Flopepupioc, 6 <piX6aocpoc, 6 Kard Xpianavtov ypdi|/ac,, Kal Symmachus lived during his [sc. Pertinax'] reign, as Eusebius states. He was one of the translators of the Scripture of the Hebrews, a member of the Ebionite heresy. There was also Porphyry the phi losopher, who wrote against Christians, and A f r i c a n u s the c h r o n o g r a p h e r . During his reign, Leonides, the father of the evil-minded Origen, was martyred.

AcppiKav6c; 6 xpovoypdepoe,.
'Eni TOUTOU AecoviSpc 6 TOU KCticocppovoc. '0.piyvouc, mrrrip E u a p r u p n e r E v .

1 - 4 cf. Iul. P o l . 228,23 - 230,3; ps. Sym. f. 80 ; Mich. Psellus, hist. synt. 34 1 cf. Eus., h.e. 6,16,4-17 1 'Eni IlEpTivaKoc, Sym. Log. | d>c,-..uuuaxoc. < Sym. Log. alpeoiv + f\v S y m . Log. | 6 < Sym. Log. marg. Leo G r . < T h . Mel. 4Tm...u.apTupr|0v < Sym. Log. I s Tfjc,...ypcKpfjc. < Sym. Log. 2 rf|v

3 Acppixavdc, + 6 aocpiircrroc, Sym. Log. | 6 xpovoypdepoe,

Although the two notices that follow have overlapping material (see the sentence immediately following the note about Africanus), they disagree about the floruit of Africanus and the death of Origen's father Leonides. The first one dates them to the reign of Septimius Severus, the second to his predecessor Pertinax.

Iulius Africanus

T 2 Africanus' Mission on behalf of Nicopolis

T2
T 2 a E u s e b i u s , Canones ( C h r o n i c o n Paschale [ 4 9 9 , 5 - 7 D i n d o r f ] = [224 Karst] = Hieronymus [214 Helm])
h

T 2 Africanus' armeniace T2a

Mission

on behalf of

Nicopolis

Nicopolis o f Palestine, f o r m e r l y E m m a u s , was f o u n d e d as a polis, w h e n I u l i u s naXaiarivric vnkp


NIKOTTOAIC,,

r\ Ttpotepov 'EuuaoOc, KTia9n TCOAIC., rcpecfteuovToc,

Africanus, the a u t h o r o f the Chronica, presided over the u n d e r t a k i n g .


1

acted as ambassador o n its b e h a l f a n d

aOTfjc, Kai npoi'crrauevou ' I o u M o u AcppiKavou xoO xcx x p o v i K a auyypa\|ra-

uevou.

1-3

Iordanes, Rom. 279 (36 Mommsen) Emmaus in Iudaea constructa et Nicopolim nominata.

tunc et Africanus egregius temporum scriptor pro ipsa legationem suscepit ad principem. Mich. Syr. 6,7 (187,29s Chabot, unde etiam Barhebr. [59 Wallis-Budge]) De son temps (sc. Helagabalus) fut batie Nicopolis de Palestine, qui est Emmaus; le chroniquer Iulius Africanus presidait a sa construction. 1 - 3 cf. S o z . , h . e. 5,21,5

T 2 b H i e r o n y m u s , De u i r i s i l l u s t r i b u s 63 ( 1 6 6 - 1 6 8 C e r e s a - G a s t a l d o ) I u l i u s A f r i c a n u s , cuius q u i n q u e de t e m p o r i b u s e x t a n t u o l u m i n a , sub I m p e r a t o f e M a r c o A u r e l i o A n t o n i n o , q u i M a c r i n o successerat, l e g a t i o n e m p r o instaur a t i o n e u r b i s E m m a u s suscepit, quae postea N i c o p o l i s a p p e l l a t a est. H u i u s est epistula a d O r i g e n e m super quaestione Susannae: eo q u o d dicat i n 5 H e b r a i c o h a n c f a b u l a m n o n h a b e r i nec c o n u e n i r e c u m H e b r a i c a e t y m o l o g i a d7to T O O n p i v o u Tipiocu Kai a n d T O O crxivou a x i c o u , c o n t r a quem doctam e p i s t u l a m scripsit Origenes. E x t a t eius ad A r i s t i d e m a l t e r a epistula, i n qua super 6ia<pujvia, quae u i d e t u r esse i n genealogia Saluatoris a p u d M a t t h a e u m et L u c a m p l e n i s s i m e disputat.

T2b D u r i n g the r e i g n o f t h e e m p e r o r M a r c u s A u r e l i u s A n t o n i n u s , w h o was t h e successor to M a c r i n u s , I u l i u s Africanus, w h o s e five books o n c h r o n o l o g y are still i n c i r c u l a t i o n , u n d e r t o o k an embassy o n b e h a l f o f the restoration o f the t o w n o f E m m a u s , w h i c h was subsequently n a m e d N i c o p o l i s . There is a l e t t e r b y h i m t o O r i g e n c o n c e r n i n g the question o f Susanna: namely, he asserts t h a t this story is n o t f o u n d i n the Hebrew, n o r is the w o r d - p l a y i n 'euro xoO n p i v o u npioat Kai arto T O U rjxivou a x i o m ' consistent w i t h Hebrew e t y m o l o g y . A g a i n s t h i m , O r i g e n w r o t e a n erudite letter. There is i n cir culation another l e t t e r b y h i m to A r i s t i d e s , i n w h i c h he discusses at v e r y great length the d i s a g r e e m e n t t h a t appears t o exist i n t h e genealogy o f the Savior i n M a t t h e w and L u k e .

4 - 9 -T3;T11,8-11

6s->T12,3s

8 M t 1,1-17; L c 3,23-38 [a(3y6] 2 legationem] legatione y relegationem S Nocopolisfi 4 Huius < Gebhardt cuius y 2s instauratione] instaurationem o(3 | 3 Nicopolis]

| est] extant epistulae y

quaestione] questionem (3y

6 doctam] dogma y 7 eius < 5 | altera epistula] alteram epistulam p 9 disputat] disputauit y

Although the three witnesses to Eusebius' report of Africanus' mission to Rome on behalf of Emmaus textually agree, they date the event differendy. According to the Latin and the Arme nian version of the chronicle, the embassy occurred during the reign of Elagabalus, in A D 221. The Chronicon Paschale dates the embassy two years later, during the reign of his successor Alexander Severus.

6 T2c Nicephorus

Iulius Africanus

T2 Africanus' Mission on behalf of Nicopolis

Callistus X a n t h o p u l u s , E x c e r p t a

ex h i s t o r i a

ecdesiastica
r

T2c

(Eusebius Caesariensis et Philippus Sidensis?) i n codice Barocciano 142, f. 2 1 2 , 1 . 1 8 - 2 0 ( 1 6 9 de B o o r ) A p u x r a AcppiKav6c, 8i'TciaTOAfjc; npoc, Api0TEi8nv yEypdcpriKE nepi Tfjc; S O K O U anc, 6iacpcov(ac; 'Hv
EV

In a letter to Aristides, A f r i c a n u s has w r i t t e n m o s t a d m i r a b l y about the appa rent disagreement i n the genealogy o f the generations r e c o r d e d by the evan gelists M a t t h e w and Luke. A f r i c a n u s was f r o m E m m a u s , t h e village i n Palestine to w h i c h those w i t h Cleopas were t r a v e l i n g . T h r o u g h A f r i c a n u s ' embassy, i t later received t h e legal s t a n d i n g o f a city and was r e n a m e d N i c o p o l i s . WTEpov S i K a i a AaftoOaa K a r a Ttpa(3iav
3

t f j yEVEaAoyig

EVEKEV

TCOV Y E V E I C O V

rtapd role, E u c r y Y -

Al

crrc

iIc,

MarSaicp T E Kai A O U K C L

6e 6 AcppiKavoc; dTto'Euuaouc, Tfjc; Kcbunc; Tfjc, E V n a A a t a d v n , E V fj o i rapi


TE

KXEortav eTtopEuovro, f\

TTOXEOJC,

AcppiKavoO N I K O T C O X I C ; uTcuvouda9n.

l - 3 E u s . , h . e . 1,7,1

4 - 6 Phil. Sid,frg.4.1 Heyden

T2d

G e o r g i u s Syncellus (439,15-20 M o s s h a m m e r )
EV

T2d
E V TOIC,

Ep-uaouc; r)

n a X a i a T i v j ] K(i)ur|, n e p i rjc, cpspETai

ispou; suayyEXioic,,

E m m a u s , the village i n Palestine m e n t i o n e d i n the h o l y gospels, was h o n o r e d w i t h t h e n a m e N i c o p o l i s b y t h e e m p e r o r Alexander, w h e n A f r i c a n u s , the author of a h i s t o r y i n five books, acted as its ambassador.
4

NiKonoXtc; Tipr)9r| KaXsTaGai (mo AXe^dv5pou TOO auTOKpdTopoc,, AcppiKavoO npa(3EuaauEvou tdc, iaTopiac. E V TtVTaj3i(3Xa) cnjyypa\)/auEvou. AcppiKavoc; r p v EWEdpifiXov c;dv6pco
TOUTU)
TCOV K E O T C U V

myYpauuvr|v TtpaYpcrtEiav ianpixouoav SuvdpEic;


AAE-

A f r i c a n u s addressed to t h i s A l e x a n d e r a treatise i n n i n e books entitled t h e Cesti, w h i c h deals w i t h the p r o p e r t i e s o f m e d i c a l , n a t u r a l , a g r i c u l t u r a l a n d a l c h e m i c a l agents.

TpiKwv K a l cpuoiKcliv Kai YEtopYiKcov Kai TtpoacpwvEi.

XUUEUTIKCOV

4 - 6 T 3 , l s ; T i l , I s ; T12.2-4 l c f . Lc 24,13 [At = x ( = C O T V ) + z ( = M P Q R S ) ] 1 role < t Kaiarilv t 4 EWdj3i|5Xov Goar evvd|3i|}Xov At | KEcrrtivA

The collection of excerpts from various historians found in codex Baroccianus 142 was pro bably compiled by the 14 cent, historian Nicephorus Callistus Xanthopulus; for discussion of this codex, see most recently Pouderon 1994. The first paragraph of the text originates in Eusebius' Ecclesiastical History. For Philip of Side as the possible source of the second part of the notice, see Heyden 2006,223-225.
th

3 4

O n the problematic identification of Emmaus, see Gelzer l,6f; Adler/Tuffin 2002,517, n. 7. Cf. above T2a, which dates the mission of Africanus during either the reign of Elagabalus or of Alexander Severus. Syncellus' report that Alexander Severus was the emperor who conferred the name Nicopolis on the city does not state under which emperor the actual mission occurred.

Iulius Africanus T 3 Africanus Eusebius, H i s t o r i a ecclesiastica 6,31,1-3 (584,21 - 586,13 Schwartz) TOUTCp (sc. sub Gordiano Augusto) Kai A9piKav6c, 6 ttbv EmysypauuEvcuv or>7Ypa<p8uc, EyvcopiCETO. eraaxoXfi
TOUTOU

T3 Africanus under Gordian III (AD 238-244) under Gordian III (AD 238-244)

T3
T3a 'Ev

T3a At this t i m e [i.e. d u r i n g the reign o f G o r d i a n A u g u s t u s ] , Africanus, the a u t h o r of the w o r k e n t i t l e d the Cesti, was b e c o m i n g k n o w n . A letter b y h i m , w r i t t e n t o Origen, is i n c i r c u l a t i o n ; there he raises the q u e s t i o n as to w h e t h e r the s t o r y o f Susanna i n t h e b o o k o f D a n i e l was a s p u r i o u s fabrication. this letter, O r i g e n w r i t e s at very great l e n g t h . F r o m t h e same A f r i c a n u s , there has also c o m e to us the Chronographiae, five books i n n u m b e r , a project that was p u r s u e d w i t h p a i n s t a k i n g accuracy. I n this work, he States t h a t he himself set out on a journey to Alexandria because of the great fame of Heraclas. A s w e stated, Heraclas, v e r y w e l l - k n o w n for his discourses i n philosophy a n d o t h e r branches o f Greek l e a r n i n g , was entrusted w i t h oversight o f t h e c h u r c h there. A n o t h e r letter, f r o m the same Africanus, is i n c i r c u l a t i o n , w r i t t e n t o A r i s t i des. I t concerns t h e supposed c o n t r a d i c t i o n b e t w e e n the genealogies o f C h r i s t in M a t t h e w a n d L u k e . I n this letter, he establishes m o s t clearly the agreement between the evangelists o n the basis o f i n f o r m a t i o n that came d o w n t o h i m , w h i c h I have a l r e a d y set out at the a p p r o p r i a t e place i n the first b o o k o f t h e present w o r k . the I n his response t o

KEOTWV

'QpryEVEt ypcupeiaa cpepetai,


EV

cntopoOvroc, (be, v 6 0 o u K a i TtenXaauEvnc.

oucmc, xf\c,

T<I> AavirjX Kara

Eouadvvav iatopiac,- npoc, f|v 'QpiyEvnc. dvTiypd9i TtXn prorata. T o u 5 ' aurou AcppiKavotJ Kai aXXa xov dpiGuov T I S V T E Xpovoypa<pta)v rJAOsv eic. r)uac, ere' dKpipec, 7t87tovr|u^va
0Tcou8a0uaTa-

ev ole, <pnoiv e a u t o v nopetav

CTEiAaaScu em xf\v AAeij&vSpeiav Sia Tco\Xf]v ToCHpaicXa iprjunv, OV 7ti XoyotC, (piXoaocpoiC, Kai Toic, aAXoic.'EXXiivtov ua0r)uaaiv eu udXa 6ia7tpe\|/avTa, xrjv E7tiaK07tf|v rfjc; auxoGt sKKXr|0iac, i y x
l

l ( !

y a l

eSr|A.cbcFct[i.v. 9perai EmoToXq rtpoc, ApioTEion v, Ttepl

Kai Tepa Se tot) aurou

A9piKavou

rfic; vouiouvr|c, 6ia9a>v[ac, xd>v Ttapd MaxBaiq) T E Kai AouKa T O U Xpiarou yEVEaXoyicuv- E V fj a a 9 a T a t a rf]v o u p 9 u ) v i a v T W V EuayyEXiaTtiJv 7tapiaTnaiv it, ioTopiac, E L C aurov KaTEXBouanc., i\v K a r a Kaipov E V TO) n p u r a p rfjc uEra yApac, U7to9aeojc, 7tpoXa(3a>v ^e9ur|v.

1 Sym. Log. (Leo Gr. [75,17s Bekker] = Th. Mel. [56,14 Tafel] = Iul. Pol. [236,3s Hardt] Georg. Mo'n. cont. [ P G 110.545B] Zon. [12,17 Dindorf])'Era Ma^iuou KO'I rop5iavou ( K a r a TOUTOUC. TOUC. Xpovouc. Iul. Pol. TOTE 6E Kai Zon.) Acppu<av6c. 6 auyypacpeuc. Eyvcupi^ETo. Is T2c,4-6; T l 1,1s; T12.1-3 2 - 4 - > T 2 b , 3 - 6 ; T l 1,6-9; T12.3-5 6s = F98 10-13 - T i l , 12-14; T2b,6s Is Iul. Afr., cest. 2 - 4 Iul. Afr., ep. Orig.; cf. Mich. Syr. 6,7 8s cf. Eus., h.e. 6,26; 6,29,4; 6,35; Eus., c a n . " 215 (sub anno 231 p. Chr. n.) 10-12 Iul. Afr., ep. Arist.
Hi h

[ A T E R B D M X A ] 1 K C U I S E K C U M I S 6...e-yvupiCero A T E R B D M warein bekannterSchriftsteller """ erat... vir inter scriptores ecclesiasticos nobilis A 3 tlx;TERBDM cba dv A 6 Ttenoinueva M 8 eUr|vu>v A T E R M Tffiv eXAr|vcov T E R Graecorum A < X" 11 TOU E rasura BD T<I)V A T E ' R M 12 oa(fiaxara rr|v] oacpeaTdTr|v M | ouuipioviav TIBV uayye\icn:u)v B D M T i i v ei>ayYE\iaT<I>v auucpcoviav A T E R

a r m

T3b

A g a p i u s Mabbugensis, H i s t o r i a universalis ( P O 7/4, 526,1s Vasiliev)

T3b At this t i m e [i.e. d u r i n g the reign o f G o r d i a n A u g u s t u s ] , there was k n o w n Africanus, t h e a u t h o r o f chronicles, w h o c o m p o s e d m a n y books o n the t i m e s and the b i o g r a p h i e s o f t h e kings and others.
1

marg. codd. (recte)

Note that the information in Agapius, which appears to be independent of that in Eusebius, confirms his dating of Africanus' floruit.

10

Iulius Africanus

T4 Africanus under Decius (AD 249-251)

11

T4
T 4 a S y m e o n Logothetes (Leo G r a m m a t i c u s [76,14 - 77,1 Bekker] = T h e o d o s i u s Melitenus [ 5 6 , 2 5 - 57,2 Tafel]) ~ G e o r g i u s M o n a c h u s c o n t i n u a t u s ( 3 6 0 , 4 - 6 M u r a l t = P G 110, 5 5 2 C )
AEKIOC, epaaiAeuaev

T 4 Africanus T4a

under Decius

(AD

249-251)

err) 8vo,

[...]

ETC! T O U T O U

rjv KAr|ur|c; 6 aTpojuateuc; Kai

D e c i u s r e i g n e d for t w o years; . . . l i v i n g d u r i n g his r u l e were C l e m e n t , author o f the Stromata, and Africanus a n d Gregory Thaumaturgus.

AcppiKavoc, K a i rprryopioc; 6

QaupaToupyoc.

T 4 b M i c h a e l Psellus, H i s t o r i a syntomos 4 4 (28,94s A e r t s )


'ETTL T O U T O U ( S C . D e c i u s ) KAf|unc; 6 0Tpu>uaTi)c; EyvcupitETO AcppiKavoc, T E 6

T4b D u r i n g h i s [ D e c i u s ] reign, C l e m e n t , author o f t h e Stromata,


1

was b e c o m i n g

cpiAoaocpoc; K a i N a u d t o c ; ripEap'vJTEpoc,.

k n o w n as w e l l as A f r i c a n u s t h e p h i l o s o p h e r a n d Navatus a presbyter.

T 5 G e o r g i u s Syncellus (445,27 - 446,7 M o s s h a m m e r )


X)c, (sc. Eusebius) U E I ^ U TtdvTiov d y u u v K a i oiSacncdXcov a u t o v (sc. Origenem) cmoSeiEjca aTtou5d(cov
ev EKTO) Tfjc; e K K X r i a i a o T i K f j c OUTOO iaTopiac. X6ya> o u o c p p o v w v COITO 7toXXotc, EYKCOUIOIC; cuVr6v E V -

T 5 Africanus

as a Contemporary

of

Origen

In the sixth book of his Ecclesiastical History, he [Eusebius] strives to prove that he [Origen] was greater than all the other saints and teachers. As one holding the same views that Origen did, he

uppiCei, uf| eiSwc, a Xe-yei r\ TtEpi (I)v SiaPePaioutai. Ttdvu yap oXiyOV TCEpi TCOV Kara TOUO5E
TOUC;

actually insults him with his lavish words of praise, since he knows neither whereof he speaks nor

xpovouc; [sptov Kai uaKapitov Tcarepcov ETtiuvriaGEic,, K\f]UEVTOc; AEyco


XOV uaraioeppovoc,

what he affirms. For he makes o n l y t h e briefest remarks about t h e h o l y a n d blessed fathers o f t h e t i m e , I m e a n C l e m e n t , author o f the Stromata, a n d the h o l y m a r t y r H i p p o l y t u s , a n d A f r i c a n u s the h i s t o r i a n , a n d D i o n y s i u s t h e Great o f A l e x a n d r i a , a n d Others. The conduct of only the feeble-minded Origen from his childhood up
to his desertion in the face of martyrdom does he exalt to the status of divinity.

TOO

5 cTpcouaTetoc;, 'iTCTtoAutou T O U lEpopaprupoc,, AcppiKavoC xov taropiKou, AiovufflOU TOIJ p.eydX0V AXEC;av5piac; Kai aXXcOV, |j6vou
v

'npivsvouc xr\v EK

naiSoc, d v a Y C f Y r | eK6eidc>i Uxpi Tfjc EV T(|) uapTupiti) XEirtoTaKTrjcrEOK;.

[At] 3 oXiyov A 6Xiywv t 4 \iyio xov t XEYOUEVOU A

Psellus' description of Africanus as a 'philosopher' may have been inspired by his wide-ranging learning, especially apparent in the Cesti. Cf. T12, where the Sudas reference to Africanus the 'philosopher' precedes a summary of the contents of the Cesfi.

12 T6

Iulius Africanus

T6 Chronological Overview

13

E x c e r p t o r anonymus i n cake chronici H i e r o n y m i a n i Testimonia

on General Aspects of the


Overview
1

Chronographiae

I t e m s e c u n d u m A f r i c a n u m , q u i de t e m p o r i b u s et h i s t o r i i s H e b r a e o r u m et Graec o r u m et Persarum et M a c e d o n u m c u m A l e x a n d r i n o r u m , i t e m q u e R o m a n o r u m V libris o m n i a c o m p l e x u s est. A b A d a m u s q u e ad c a t a c l y s m u m N o e 5 anni IICCXLII. T 6 Chronological

Also a c c o r d i n g t o A f r i c a n u s , w h o has i n five b o o k s i n c l u d e d e v e r y t h i n g p e r t a i n i n g t o t h e c h r o n o l o g y and h i s t o r y o f t h e Hebrews, Greeks, Persians a n d M a c e d o n i a n s , together w i t h the A l e x a n d r i a n s , as well as the R o m a n s . F r o m A d a m t o t h e F l o o d o f Noah: 2242 years.
2

I t e m a c a t a c l y s m o usque a d A b r a h a m et t r a n s m i g r a t i o n e m i n t e r r a m Chanaan anni M X V . H a b i t a t i o o m n i s generis I s r a h e l i n terra Chanaan et i n t e r r a A e g y p t i anni C C C C X X X . Moyses i n heremo anni X L . a n n i LV. anni CCCCXC. anni X C . anni CCCCXC. anni L X X . anni C C X X X . anni CCC. anni L X X I I I I . I n se o m n e s a n n i i n t e m p u s supra s c r i p t u m anni anni VDCCXXVI. CLXXXIIII.

A n d f r o m the F l o o d u p to A b r a h a m a n d t h e m i g r a t i o n to the l a n d o f Canaan: 1015 years. The s o j o u r n o f a l l t h e offspring o f Israel i n t h e l a n d o f Canaan a n d t h e l a n d o f Egypt: Moses i n the w i l d e r n e s s : Joshua son o f N u n a n d the elders succeeding h i m : For the judges a n d p e r i o d w i t h o u t rulers a n d t h e t i m e o f peace: For the priests a n d judges: For the k i n g s o f t h e Hebrews: For the c a p t i v i t y a n d d e s t r u c t i o n o f Jerusalem: The k i n g d o m o f t h e Persians: lemies: A n d the R o m a n empire u p to the time o f the Savior a n d his resurrection: I n s u m all t h e years f o r the p e r i o d o f t i m e r e c o r d e d above: n a m e d A n t o n i n u s [sc. Elagabalus]:
1

10

H i e s u s N a u e et q u i post i p s u m presbyteri I u d i c u m e t sine p r i n c i p i b u s et pacis t e m p o r e S a c e r d o t u m et I u d i c u m Regum Hebraeorum C a p t i u i t a t i s et d e s t r u c t i o n i s H i e r u s a l e m

430 years. 40 years. 55 years. 490 years. 90 years. 490 years. 70 years. 230 years. 300 years. 74 years.
3

15

Persarum regnum M a c e d o n u m p r i n c i p a t u s c u m A l e x a n d r i n i s et Ptolemaeis

Et i m p e r i u m R o m a n o r u m usque ad Saluatorem et r e s u r r e c t i o n e m eius

The d o m i n i o n o f t h e Macedonians, t o g e t h e r w i t h the A l e x a n d r i a n s a n d P t o

20

E x i n d e a d i m p e r i u m A l e x a n d r i , hoc est M o r i c a u i t i , q u i A n t o n i n u s c o g n o m i n a tus est,

5726 years.

F r o m that p o i n t t o t h e principate o f A l e x a n d e r , that is M a r c u s A v i t u s , sur184 years.

Although this summary of Africanus' chronology appears in some manuscripts as an appendix to Jerome's version of Eusebius' Canons, it does not belong to the original work. Absent from the earliest witnesses to Jerome's version (O and S i n Helm, 5 dex Merton 315, Oxford (T, 9
th th

cent), it is first attested in C o

cent.). Two of the several later witnesses to the text ( U and V )

have also been collated for the present edition. While it is conceivable that the passage, which is mostly an accurate representation of Africanus' chronology, originated in his chronicle (cf. Theoph. Ant., Autol. 3,28 and Jerome, both of whom added chronological summaries to their own works), it is safer to classify it as a later testimonium from a learned reader (in or before the 9
th

cent). A better dating and understanding would require further analysis of the manu

script tradition of Jerome's chronicle (the best analysis so far is Fotheringham 1923,1-7). Much 6 - F16d,4s 1450 anni) F89,53s; F93.52 7s F34,68s (exod. - Ol. 1,1: 1020 anni); F51.4-6.10s (Abr. - Ol. 1,1: 1336 + 114 = -+F34.61-67 14 T76; T77a,5s 15 - + F73,7.22s; F93.51 16 - F86.22; 2 3 [ T U V ] 1 Africanum] Aphricanum U V etc.) UV 16CCC<UV 17 Et < U V 2 cum T ac U et V
1

of the information in the text can be confirmed by other fragments (see the parallels in the app. and introduction, pp. X X V I f; "incorrect" numbers are printed in italics in the text). Africanus reckoned 2262 years from Adam to the Flood (F16b,2). 2242 is Eusebius' chronology. The number 74 represents the total years from 1 Augustus. Africanus counted 60 years from the end of the Ptolemaic dynasty (= 14 Augustus) to the Resurrection (F93,53f). 4 The total years add up to 5526. The addition of 20 years to the date of the Flood (1.4) and the sub traction of the overlapping 14 years of Macedonian and Roman rule (11.171) would produce the re quired 5532 years, see introduction, p. X X V I I (and p. X I X , n. 29 for the confused data in U. 20f).

9-14

17s - * F89.56; F93,52s 4 I I C C X L I I ] IICCLXII Iul. Afr. (F16b,2

5 Item < U V | cataclysmo + Noe U V 7 i n < V

10 Hiesus T Ihesus U V

15 regnum T regum

19 V D C C X X V I ] V D X X V I R o i i t h

20 Moricauiti] Marci Auiti

R o u t h | qui + et U V | Antoninus T Antonius U V

14

Iulius Africanus

T7 Jerome

15

T7
T 7 a H i e r o n y m u s , E p i s t u l a 70,4 (706,6 - 707,3 H i l b e r g ) E x t a n t et I u l i i A f r i c a n i l i b r i , q u i t e m p o r u m s c r i p s i t historias, et Theodori, qui postea Gregorius appellatus est, u i r i a p o s t o l i c o r u m s i g n o r u m atque u i r t u t u m [ . . . ] : q u i o m nes i n t a n t u m p h i l o s o p h o r u m d o c t r i n i s a t q u e sententiis suos r e f e r s e r u n t l i b r o s , u t nescias, q u i d i n i l l i s p r i m u m a d m i r a r i debeas, e r u d i t i o n e m saeculi a n s c i e n 5 tiam scripturarum.

T7

Jerome

T7a T h e r e are also i n c i r c u l a t i o n t h e b o o k s o f I u l i u s A f r i c a n u s , w h o w r o t e h i s t o r i c a l W o r k s o n c h r o n o l o g y , and of Theodore, who was subsequently called Gregory, m e n d o w e d w i t h the miracles a n d v i r t u e s o f t h e apostles. . . . A l l o f t h e m en

interweave

t h e t e a c h i n g s and sayings o f the p h i l o s o p h e r s t o such a n e x t e n t i n t h e i r b o o k s t h a t y o u m i g h t be at a loss as to w h i c h t o a d m i r e i n t h e m first, t h e i r secular

l e a r n i n g o r t h e i r k n o w l e d g e o f the Scriptures. [KLM<DlmB] 1 Iulii] lull K B | Africani] affricani <DB affrica L | temporum...qui < L | historias] hystorias m historiam scisquod K ystoriam B storiam <> j Theodori] teodori ex eodori K theodorii < t D 3 referse runt] referunt L l m refferunt M ante correctionem manus secundae resarciunt c 4 nescias quid] ne-

T7b

H i e r o n y m u s , Commentaria i n M a t h e u m (9,46-56 Hurst)

T7b

Iacob autem genuit Ioseph. hunc locum obicit nobis Iulianus Augustus dissonantiae euangelistarum, cur euangelista Matheus Ioseph filium dixerit Iacob, et Lucas filium eum appellauerit Heli, non ^ntellegens consuetudinem scripturarum quod alter secundum naturam, alter secundum legem ei pater sit. s c i m u s enim hoc per Moysen Deo iubente praeceptum ut, si frater aut propinquus 5 absque liberis mortuus fuerit, alius eius accipiat uxorem ad suscitandum semen fratris vel propinqui sui. s u p e r h o c et A f r i c a n u s t e m p o r u m s c r i p t o r et Eusebius Caesariensis i n l i b r i s

'Now Jacob begot Joseph.' With this passage Iulianus Augustus presents us with a disagreement of the evangelists: why did the evangelist Matthew state that Joseph was the son of Jacob, whereas Luke called him the son of Heli? He does not understand the scriptural usage, according to which one is his father according to nature, the other according to law. For we know that this has been ordained through Moses by the command of God: i f a brother or relative dies childless, another is to take his wife in order to raise up offspring for his brother or relative. C o n c e r n i n g A f r i c a n u s the c h r o n o g r a p h e r
1

this, b o t h more

d i a p h o n i a s e u a n g e l i o r u m plenius d i s p u t a r u n t .

a n d Eusebius o f Caesarea have e x a m i n e d

f u l l y t h e disagreements o f t h e gospels i n t h e i r books. 6 ^ F90 1 Mt 1,16 1 - 6 cf. Iul. Afr., ep. Arist. Eus., h.e. 1,7; Aug., retract. 2,7,2 [ B P G O C K M E L R ] 1 obicit] obiecitur R G " | Iulianus] lucianus C | Augustus] agustus O C | disso nantiae] dissonantia R dissonantium BP 4 2 filium eum < C 3
corr C 0

consuetudinem] consuetudine K 7 diaphonias] 5ia(p<oviac. E

secundum l e g e m < C (lacuna)

propinquus] propinquos O B

diafonias O B P < K | disputarunt] disputabunt K

Although Africanus does treat the genealogies of Jesus in his chronicle (F90), Jerome's descrip tion of Africanus as temporum scriptor does not necessarily mean that he is referring here to his chronicle. The explanation of the gospel genealogies that he provides summarizes the portion of Africanus' Epistle to Aristides cited in the Ecclesiastical History of Eusebius.

16

Iulius Africanus

T8 Church Historians in Constantinople

17

T8
T 8 a S o c r a t e s , H i s t o r i a e c d e s i a s t i c a 2,34,10s ( 1 5 1 , 3 - 1 0 Hansen)

T8

Church

Historians

in

Constantinople

T8a

OUTO) Se rjv 6\iYoua6f|c, 6 AETIOC, K a i TCOV iepuiv y p a u u d T u v duuntoc., TO EpiartKov Si KaTcop8u)KEi uovov, 6np d v K a i dypoucoc, TIC, 7toiqaiv, cbc, ur|5e roue, dpxatouc, TOUC, T d X p i c m a v i K d Xdyia epunveuoavTac, d a K n e f i v a i . TtoXXa y a p v a i p e i v eppdaac, tolc, rcepi K X r | u e v x a K a i AcppiKav6v 5 K a i ' Q p i y e v n v , d v S p d a t ndor|c, cptXoaocpiac; s m o x r i u o a i , EmoToXdc, ouvEKdTTusv

Aetius was a man of so little knowledge, so unfamiliar with the sacred Scriptures, and successful only in disputationsomething that any boor could dothat he had not been carefully trained i n those ancient writers who interpreted the Christian oracles. For w h i l e renounced Clement, Africanus and Origen, men he completely in every

knowledgeable

npoc. T E T6V fiaoiXEa K c u v o T d v T t o v K a i rcpoc, ETEpouc, Tivdc, EpEOxeXiac, avujtXeKuiv K a i aocpiauaTa UEXEXU>V.

b r a n c h o f p h i l o s o p h y , he would cobble together letters both to the emperor Constantius, a n d to some other persons, entwining them with idle argumentation and making displays of sophistry.

[ M F A T C a s s i o d ] 1 Si ] Si] M vov] d(ppiKiav6v A

2 fix; [ir\Sk] UIJTE M ' F A | r d < T

3 yap < M F A Cassiod.

3s A f p i K a -

4 d v 8 p d a i . ..ETtiarf|UOOL] dvSpac,... Emorfjuovac, M F A | ipiXoao9iac] 009(01;

M F A sapientiae Cassiod. 5 T E < M F A | xtvdc, < M

T 8 b S o z o m e n u s , H i s t o r i a e c d e s i a s t i c a 1,1,12 ( 8 , 2 3 - 3 1 B i d e z / H a n s e n )

T8b

'Qpur|8r|V Si. T O : UEV TtpuYra d n ' apxpc, TauTnv avyypayca xt\v u p a y u a T e i a v . X o y t a d u e v o c , S E cbc. K a i . d X X o i x a u x n c , T t e i p d 9 r | o a v p e x p i TCOV Kax' a u x o u c , x p o v c o v , KArjunc TE Kai ' H y f j amTioc., dvSpec, ao9unraToi, xfj Tiiv drtocrroXcuv 8ta6oxfj TtapaKoXouBrjaavTEt;, Kai AcpptKavOC, 6 cruyvpacpeuc; K a i EuoePioc, 6 E7tiKXr|v riap9iXou, dvf|p Tiiv 9E(COV ypa9U>v K a i TUIV n a p ' "EXXpoi 5 rtoinxarv K a i ovyypaqiwv n o X u u a S E O T a T o c . ToTiop, o a a UEV T i i v EIC, f|uac, EX96VTWV rate, EKKXnaiaic,

I was initially inclined to compose this treatise from the very beginning. B u t after I c o n s i d e r e d that o t h e r s h a d a l r e a d y u n d e r t a k e n t h i s t a s k u p t o t h e i r o w n timesboth Clement and Hegesippus, extremely wise men and closely following in the succession of the apostles, a n d A f r i c a n u s t h e h i s t o r i a n , and Eusebius surnamed [pupil] of Pamphilus, a learned man highly knowledgeable in the sacred Scriptures and the writings of the Greek poets and authorsI drew up an epitome in two books of all that we have received about events in the churches, after the ascension of Christ up to the overthrow of Licinius.

o u v e p n UETCI x f ] v eic, oupavouc, &vo8ov TOO XpioroO uexpt Tfjc, Auavlou Ka9atpE0u>c,, E7TITEU6UEVOC 7tpayu.aTucrdur|V EV p\(3Xioic, Suo.

5 - 7 cf. T h e o d o r u s Lector, epitome 1 [B C T C a s s i o d ] 1 cbc. < T 3 5ia6oxfj T Cassiod. SiSaxp B C 4 6] & T 5 UEV + ouv B C B caelos C a s s i o d . oi>pav6v C T
2 2 2 2

6 oupavoiic,

T 9 Isidore

of

Seville

D u r i n g the r e i g n o f the emperor M a r c u s A u r e l i u s A n t o n i n u s , Iulius A f r i c a n u s T9 I s i d o r u s Hispalensis, C h r o n i c a maiora 1 (424,1-4 M o m m s e n ) was t h e f i r s t a m o n g u s t o establish a b r i e f [ c h r o n o l o g y ] a r r a n g e d a c c o r d i n g t o generations a n d k i n g d o m s a n d u s i n g a s i m p l e h i s t o r i c a l style. Thereafter, Eusebius B r e v e m t e m p o r u m p e r g e n e r a t i o n e s et regna p r i m u s ex n o s t r i s I u l i u s A f r i c a n u s sub i m p e r a t o r e M a r c o A u r e l i o A n t o n i n o s i m p l i c i h i s t o r i a e s t i l o e l i c u i t . deinde of Caesarea and Jerome of hallowed memory published the multifaceted history of the Chronici Canones, arranged both by kingdoms and in chronological order. After them were various others.

Eusebius Caesariensis atque sanctae memoriae Hieronymus chronicorum canonum multiplicem ediderunt historiam regnis simul ac temporibus ordinatam, post hos alii atque alii. 1 O n the composition of the Chronographiae during the reign of Marcus Aurelius Antoninus (Elagabalus), see introduction, p. X V I I .

18 TlO

Iulius Africanus

TlO John Malalas

19

Ioannes Malalas, prooemium (3,4-11 T h u r n )

T l O John

Malalas

AIKCUOV f|-yr|0-&unv ue-ra. TO dKpurrripLdaai Tivd K TIIIV 'E(3pai'Kd)v KecpaAaicov imo Maiuaecoc <Kal X ( I ) V > xpovoypacpcov AtpplKavoO Kai Euaepiou TOU IlaucpiAou Kai Ilauoaviou Kai Ai6u(iou K a i OeocpiAou K a i KAfmevtoc; Kai Ato8ci)pou Kai Aouvivou Kai EuaratKou Kai aXAtov TioAAdiv cpiXoTt6va)-v xpovoyp&cpurv Kai 7ioinT<i>v Kai aoqxiv E K G e a a i 0 0 1 nerd ndcmc, dXqOeiac, r d au[i(3dvTa ev ue5 pel ev TOIC. xpovoic. Td>v (3aaiXeiov eioq T(iv crun(3(3r|K6Tci)V ev rote euoic, xpovoic, E\96<V>TO>V eic, tdc, eudc, ciKodc, Aeyu) Sr| dno ASdu e'coc, Tfjc paaiAeiac Ziivtovoc Kai Tiiv icfjc. BaaiAeuodvtiov.

After abridging some material from the chapters of the Hebrew books composed by Moses < a n d the> chronographers Africanus, Eusebius, [pupil] of Pamphilus, Pausanias, Didymus, chronogra

Theophilus, Clement, Diodorus, Domninus, Eustathius, and many other industrious

phers, poets and sages, I have deemed it proper to set forth with all truthfulness a summary of events in the times of the emperors up to the events in my own time that have come to my attention, by which I mean from Adam up to the emperor Zeno and those who ruled in succession after h i m .

1-4

Inscriptio cod. Parisini gr. 1630, f. 234 (= B in app. infra) ex Historia chronica loannis Antio-

cheni (app. ad fr. 1 Ro.)

And rfjq EKdiasax; 'Iwavvov A V T / O ^ & J C rtjc mpl xpdvaiv tcai KTIOTOJC K.6o~)iov Tiovn9tioy]c (oq cprjcriv, and fitpiwv Mcocecoc, Aippucavou, Euoepiou, JJanniov Kai AiSuuou Kai iripwv.
[PB(abbrev.) S1EIJ I s Kai T(I>v Kama. < P 2 AiSuuou BS1 Zioiviou P 3 EuaTa8iou Si K a d 9 P < B

K a i aotpdiv post eK6eaeai P transposuit Kamb. E K G e a a i 001 Kamb. SKOSOEOI P fort. EK8ea9ai SI < B

5 CA86VTO)V SI eA66ru)v P < B 6 ASdu a>c P < BS1

Tl

1 P h o t i u s , B i b l i o t h e c a 34,7a7-24 (1,19s H e n r y )

T i l

Photius

AvsyvcuaOn AtppiKavoO iaxopiKov.


OUTOC,

T h e h i s t o r y o f A f r i c a n u s was read.
KEO-TOUC, EV

e a x i v 6 Kai roue. Aeyousvouc,

Xoyoic; crovxd^ac; 16'.

H e is t h e one w h o also c o m p o s e d i n 14 volumes the w o r k called the Cesti. A l t h o u g h he is concise, he o v e r l o o k s n o t h i n g i n need o f historical r e c o r d . H e b e g i n s w i t h the M o s a i c c o s m o g o n y a n d continues d o w n to the parousia of C h r i s t . H e also gives a c u r s o r y account o f events f r o m C h r i s t up to the reign o f t h e R o m a n e m p e r o r M a c r i n u s , at w h i c h date, as he tells us, t h e w o r k concludes, c o n s i s t i n g o f 5723 years. T h e b o o k is c o m p r i s e d o f five v o l u m e s . He also w r o t e a letter t o O r i g e n c o n c e r n i n g the s t o r y o f Susanna, stating t h a t i t was n o t i n the H e b r e w books k n o w n to h i m , a n d that neither the w o r d - p l a y ' d n o T O U n p i v o u Ttptoxu' n o r ' d n o xou o x i v o u crxioai' is consistent w i t h H e b r e w etymology. O r i g e n answered and refuted these objections. A f r i c a n u s also w r o t e a letter t o Aristides, i n w h i c h he a b l y demonstrated n o s u p p o s e d discrepancy i n t h e genealogy o f o u r Savior i n M a t t h e w a n d L u k e .
3

"Ecrxi 8k cnjvxopoc; uev, dAAa unSsv xaiv dvayKaicov iaxopr|9fjvai n a p a X i u n d V O J V . d p x s x a i 5e d n o xfjc, MtouaaiKfjc, Koauoyevetac, K a i Kdxeiaiv zwc, xfjc X p i 5 a x o u Ttapouaiac;. eTtixpoxd6r|v 5e 5iaAauf3dvei Kai x d dno X p i a x o u p e x p t Tfjc; M a K p i v o u T O U 'Pcouaicov paaiAicoc. fiaaiXeiac;, oxe auxtp, cue cpnoi, Kai fj6e f| ovyypacpfi a u v e x e A e i x o ,
EXCOV

o u a a ,\\iK.y'. tevjr\

5e xo (3i(3Aiov

TTEVXE.

O U T O C K a i n p o c 'Opiyvr|v ypdcpsi Ttepl xou K a x d I c o a d v v a v Smyfjuaxoc, (be O U K ei't] auxcp ev xolc E|3pai'K0ic dvEyvcoopevov, Kai tbc, oi>8' dKoXouGov xfj 10 expand) E T u u o A o y i a otixe xo d n o xou n p i v o u n p l a a i oiixe xo a n d xou o x i v o u axio"at- a K a i niA.af36uEvoc'npiyevr|c dvxypa\|/. T p d 9 E i 6 e AcppiKavoc, K a i npoc A p i a x e i 5 r | v , ev ok, iKavax; xtjv v o u i ( o u e v r | v Siacptoviav T i a p d M a x S a i w Kai A o u K a Ttepi xfjc xoO au>xfjpoc rjutov yeveaXoyiac; oTjpxpojvov e5eii;v.

2 - T2d,4-6; T 3 a , l s 6s -* F54d,9-11 2 Iul. Afr., cest. [AM]

4s - T 6 ; T13a,3s; F14; T92,3s; F93.108-110

5s - T80a.b.d; F93,84s; T99

8 - 1 1 - * T2b,4-7; T3a,2-4; Ti2,3s 8 - 1 1 Iul. Afr., ep. Orig. 6 cpncri A <paai M


2

1 2 - 1 4 - * T2b,7-9; T3a,10-14; F90 1 O n the problems of the transmission of this text, see Jeffreys 1990,25 If; Roberto 2005a,XXIV, n. 25. 2 O n the fragment, see Schamp 1987,301-306. Cf. F54d,9f, which puts the year 5723 in the third year of the emperor Elagabalus. See intro duction, pp. X V I I and X X V f. 10 TOO oxivou A axivou M 3

12-14 Iul. Afr., ep. Arist. 7 TO |3i(3Xiov A TOU pi(3Aiou M

2 6 Kai M 6 A

11 emAapop-Evoc. A erciAubuevoc A M

20

Iulius Africanus

T12 Suda

21

T12

S u d a A 9 p i K a v o c A 4647,1-5 (1,433,30 - 434,3 A d l e r )


SEKTOC

T12

Suda
1

AcppiKavoc, 6 Yparrrtov 5

xptipaxiaac,

91A60O9OC,

Ai(3uc, 6 rove, Keo~rouc, yeypa9d)c,


TOUTOU

Africanus, the one called Sectus, a p h i l o s o p h e r a n d Libyan, and the a u t h o r o f the Cesti i n 24 b o o k s . I t is a k i n d o f Physica, c o n t a i n i n g cures f r o m w o r d s , charms, w r i t t e n figures o f some k i n d , a n d operations o f various sorts. O r i g e n wrote against h i m , t a k i n g a n opposing p o s i t i o n o n the subject o f the b o o k o f Susanna, w h i c h b e l o n g s t o the book o f D a n i e l .

ev pipXJoLc; K S ' . eiai 8e o i o v e l 9 u a i K d , e Y p v r a S K Xoycov t e K a i erraoiotov Kai


TIVCOV

vapaKTiipcov idaetc, re Kai dXXoiu>v evepveicov. K a r a

ypon|/ev 'f2piyvr|<; e'varaatv 7toir|adaevoc; nepl T O U Tfjc; Zwadvvnc, (3i(3Xiou, T O U etc; T 6 V A a v i r j X .

1-3

> T 2 c , 4 - 6 (sedlibri 9); T 3 a , l s ; T l 1,2 (sedlibri 14)

3-5

- > T 2 b , 5 s ; T l l . 8 - 1 1 ; SudaZcoodwa

Z 856 (4,408,8s Adler; id i p s e l e x i c o g r a p h u s d e s u m p s i t ex Suda A 4647,3s) Zu>cravva- o n K a r a TOU AcppiKavoO SeEjorou EypayEv 'flpryEvn,c,, EVCTTCCCIV TtomaduEvoc, itepi TOU Tfjc, Ecuadvvric p\|3\tov>, TOU sic. T O V AavirjX. I s cf. Suda KEO-T6C K 1428 1 - 3 Iul. Afr., cest. 3 - 5 cf. Iul. Afr., ep. Orig.

T13 T13a
2

Michael

Syrus

But first i t is necessary t o give the names o f those historians f r o m w h o m w e shall collect the m a t e r i a l f o r our edifice.

T13
T 1 3 a M i c h a e l Syrus, p r o o e m i u m ( 2 , 4 - 1 5 Sawalaneanc' 1 8 7 1 , cf. e t i a m 1870) fi.uy'g tgiupin gufitpj t fulfil ^jiunmiMgu II QkunL l/poliwuip ^ujiTippihiuj, %Qppuuinup: \^ribj2uuhii}-pujgp, Jdwtj-uiLnp'b: jnpng 'I pug d-ntpiijbwg l}"-pli huiunLuhikwg if-ripbuig fi j\^q.uiJuy Jp%^kL p ijnilnti niliit iguJinJuiq punfu Jbpnj: li. QnUjibu/nu Cpkiujgli if-pbg/fu JJfb^hL p U. ^kgupignu ni innji Cufhq.hpibug_ bt{j>

Africanus a n d 'Yesov' a n d Hegesippus a n d Josephus, the Jews, w r o t e u n t i l the advent o f C h r i s t . stantine. Eusebius [ p u p i l ] o f P a m p h i l u s composed a b o o k f r o m these, and he called it the Ecclesiastical T13b Even so [ t h e i r ] c h r o n i c l e s are not called Ecclesiastical Chronographies, nicus, A f r i c a n u s , A n n i a n u s , Georg[ius] rgty', Eusebius [ p u p i l ] o f P a m p h i l u s have p r o d u c e d .
4 3

A n n i a n u s , the A l e x a n d r i a n monk, w r o t e f r o m A d a m to the emperor

Con-

ohinnijb^

\\ifipplfuhinu q hi/hi iiiu'ii 5 \yhufhnu \ymbpp

[History].

\\nuinuiUi^.puihnu \ybbqbgujlfu/uu:

[Histories],

but rather finally

t h a t is a description o f t i m e s , l i k e those that Josephus, A n d r o John o f A n t i o c h , a n d

3s > T6; T l 1,4s; T92,3s; F 9 3 , 1 0 8 - l 10; Elenchus anonymus historiographorum (103 Nau) Combien d'ecri-vains ecrivirent I'histoire ecclesiastique depuis Adam jusqu'au Christ: Africanos, Hegesippos, Josephos et Jude (Yhouda) qui ecrivit sur les semaines de Daniel. 1 SEKTOC. in the main text, IE^OTOC, in the resume X 856 (text in the third app.). Scholars mostly interpreted this as an equivalent of the Latin 'Sextus', hence the name 'Sextus Iulius Africanus', see introduction, p. X I I I . However, the information given here is generally not very reliable. The

3 tj-jiktjp'b + uipr}. 7 Jiupifulinnj uftitnp JuipijJfn_Lp7kufUpu 1870 uIIIilit ilmr, 11 uiif 1870

jnpng] fi ungwlit Ujtujpig


2

following epithet 'Libyan' is probably just a faulty inference, based on the name Africanus'. For the'philosopher', see above T 4 , n. 1. The text of Michael's preface is preserved only in two Armenian translations (ed. by T. Sawa laneanc' 1870 and 1871, see Schmidt 1996, 299, n. 8 and 301, n. 13). The shorter version (1871, whose text is given here) is considered closer to the Syriac original. This section is part of the preface of the lost history of Dionysius of Tel-Mahre (Syrian Orthodox Patriarch A D 818-845). 3 It is not clear to which of the named authors the epithet 'Jews' applies. O n Hegesippus' Jewish origins, see Eus., h.e. 4,22,8. The identity of Yesov is uncertain. Cf. the parallel list of ecclesiasti cal historians in the Elenchus 4 anonymus historiographorum (in app.): "Africanus, Hegesippus, Josephus and Judas, who wrote on the weeks of Daniel." For the identity of Judas, see Eus., h. e. 6,7. George of Raggath (?); this could be George Syncellus, see Palmer 1993,95, n. 230: he was from Palestine and we know of the existence of a place called Raggath/Rakkat.

T 1 3 b M i c h a e l Syrus 10,20 (4, 3 7 8 , 2 3 - 2 6 Chabot) rdXre* _gnr,A>n\-iA\ ^ ~-n ^Jjzart&lSl q p Q r u ^ n n r ^ i m p o r t * CAA r ^ W

qpOjauaoQ - iuaa, l ^ A c n v r y r * ' .rdJLst c r \ c i i = c K i - i o oSi'Scirt'. q a & r V ' i ^ C L l o i A ^ l u d i O . r d i C r O ^ i ^ i < X ^ Q . t p O j r d v l K ' Q C p c q r t ' i n . i a r ^ O QpcuUjCli.TJre'O c p q \ i ' 7 a A . i cpoi-icncinr r^chi-iQ
a -

.vy^Wx

22

Iulius Africanus

F14 The Creation

23

F14 Material from Book 1/2: From Adam to Moses


F 1 4 a F l o r i l e g i u m a n o n y m u m i n c o d i c e P a r i s i n o gr. 1115, f. 2 2 4 - 2 2 5
v r

AcppiKavoO icjTopLctc* 'Ev apxfj

F14 6 9E6C, i6eav F14a

The

Creation

xov o u p a v o v KCU xf\\ y f j v , X O U T E O T I T O rtav K a x ' r\ a i t o uepouc, TUVV aKpwv, ei T I e t e p o v S i d T O U T O J V crnpaivETat. a' 7Tpd)Tr| usv r|uepa T O fax;, 5 EKdAeaev qpspav. (3' SevjTepa. 5e OTepetoua Ttpoc. Swucpiaiv uSaToc,, oupavov ETtovoudaac..
y' Tphn 5k f\v yf\q cpavEpwoTc; K d i 9 a \ d a a n c , c n j v o 6 o i .

7roiri08v

From the history of Africanus: I n t h e b e g i n n i n g , G o d created the heaven a n d t h e earth, t h a t is e v e r y t h i n g ac c o r d i n g t o its f o r m , o r f r o m a p a r t o f the extremes, signified by this.
2

6'
E' c/ 10

TftdpTr] cpcoaTfjpec;.
rtEprcTri t; u S d x o j v yw)(a\ vnKxcbv X E Kai d e p i a i v .

i f s o m e t h i n g d i f f e r e n t is

gKTn

xe

8K

xfjc yf^c; ci>a. dvOpamoc, K a x '

sbcova

9EO0

XO XOIK6V

d r t o yr)c,

1. 2.

O n t h e first day, [ G o d created] t h e l i g h t , w h i c h he called 'Day.' O n t h e second, [ G o d created] t h e f i r m a m e n t f o r the s e p a r a t i o n o f the water, g i v i n g i t the n a m e 'Heaven.'

r t \ a a 9 e i c , , K a 9 ' 6uoia>aiv S E p\|/uxa>uvoc,, r] o x i x o psv Kax' e k o v a Ttpoaqwsc, x o 5e K a 9 ' o p o i o j a i v T t p o a 5 o K d x a i .

3. 2-11 T l l , 4 s ; T 9 2 , 3 s 2-8 cf. Gen 1,1-23 3 cf. Plato, Ti. 35C2-36A6 9 - 1 1 cf. G e n 1,26s; 2,7; I Cor 15,47; Clem. Alex., 6. 4. 5. strom. 2,22,131,6; Clem. Alex., paed. 1,12,98,2s; D i d y m . , in Gen. 1,26-28 (59,2-5 Nautin); ps. Gr. Nyss., imag. 1 3 2 8 B C ; ps. Gr. Nyss., horn. 1 de creatione hominis 28,13-31,5 2 ei8iav cod. 1,25) 3 el] fort. f\ vel f) ei 8 vnKT&v Alexakis I)/UKTU)V cod. 9 re] re cod., fort. T& (cf. G e n

O n t h e t h i r d , the appearance o f l a n d a n d the g a t h e r i n g t o g e t h e r o f the sea. O n t h e f o u r t h , the l u m i n a r i e s . O n t h e fifth, f r o m t h e waters, l i v i n g creatures o f t h i n g s t h a t s w i m a n d t h i n g s o f t h e air. A n d o n t h e s i x t h , a n i m a l s f r o m t h e earth. M a n was created ' a c c o r d i n g to t h e i m a g e ' o f G o d , a t h i n g o f d u s t f r o m the earth, b u t e n d o w e d w i t h a soul 'accor d i n g t o his likeness'; o r else t h a t w h i c h ' a c c o r d i n g t o his i m a g e ' belongs t o h i m b y nature, whereas t h a t w h i c h is 'according to his likeness' is a w a i t e d .
3

10 euvi/ux^uevoc cod.

10s npoocpu^c, Staab 7tpoa8euc, cod. Ttpoaoouc, Alexakis

F14b F 1 4 b G e o r g i u s Syncellus ( 3 , 1 - 1 8 M o s s h a m m e r ) Tpy Ttpd)xnv f|Upav 6 Acppixavoc, v o n x r | v Xiyei


KEVTJUEVOV.

5id

xo

d6iopydvtaxov

Elvat

T h e first day A f r i c a n u s calls ' i n t e l l i g i b l e ' , because t h e


XEOJC,
4

first-created

l i g h t was y e t

XO rrpcOXOKTlOXOV Cpd)C, K a i

ev rii> rcpcoTOKTLcrrco vuxSnpepci), Tfj npcbrn

TOO

nap'

u n f o r m e d a n d diffuse. O n the first-created full day, the first day of the first Hebrew month of Nisan, as has been shown above, the 2 5
th

'E|5paioi<; npuiTou pqvoc, Niodv, toe, npoSetSEiKTai, napa de'Pcouaioic, K E ' tou Mapriou ur|v6c, Kal Jtap' AiyuJtxtoic. K 9 ' 5
TOU

of the Roman month of March, and the 29 of the Egypti

th

<t>aueva>9, ev f|pipa KupiaKfj, fjroi pia

TIIIV

aa|3(3dTiuv, ETToinaev 6

9E6C, T 6 V

oupa-

an month of Phamenoth, on the Lord's day, that is on the first of the week, God created the heaven

v6v icai rfjv yfjv, T 6 OK6TOC, Kai td M a r a , nvEOua Kai cptoc, Kal vuxSpuepov, 6pou epya ertTd. ev Tip 1 1-5 ps. S y m . f. 19 = Cedr. (7,2-21 Bekker) ..."H npwTr] ion TOV nap' 'Efipaioiq\eyopevov Nteav mv irpwTov ptjvoc,, dKoorf] Si ntfinTf] TOV napa 'Pa>p.aioiq Mapriov unvoq, napa Si Aiyvmioiq C <Daftcvw TOV K8' KixXovfiivov (< ps. Sym.) imp' amoiq p.nvdq. ... on EV aiiTfj Tfj npwTrj r\pipa, iJTiq fjv KvpiccKtj, f\yovv Tfj ^icc TWV oaBStxTiov, enoinoev 6 dedq TOV ovpavdv Kal TY\V yf\v, TO oxdroq Kai TO. SSaTa (T.O.K.T.V. < Cedr.), nvcvpa Kai cptiq Kai vvx@ijp.Epov (+ Kai he TOV avpficfinKOToq TO CTKOTOC Cedr.), ouov ipya ima. 6 Si AypiKavbq xf\\ npti)Tr|v rjuEpav vonrnv Xeyei 5id TO dSiopydviarov (d6idyvcoaTov Cedr.) elvai TEUJC, T6 irpcuTOKTiarov cptijq Kai (< ps. Sym.) KEXULIVOV. 1 - 1 3 + T l 1,4s Is cf. Philo, o p . 29-33; Bas., hex. 1,5 5 - 1 3 cf. lub 2,2-23; Io. Anag. f. 109' 4 [A] 1 aSiopydvioTov A ps. Sym. dSidyvcoaTov Cedr. 2 Kai < ps. Sym. | KexupEvov ps. Sym. KexupUEVOV A 3 Nicrdv D i . viaadv A 4 uia Tciiv aappdrtuv ps. Sym. uidc oappdtou A pia Z a Io. Anag.
r

F14a was originally published by Alexakis 1996,86, along with photographs of the relevant manuscript pages. For a new edition and analysis of the Platonic background of the fragment, see Staab 2006. Staab suggests that F14a is an epitome of what was in Africanus' chronicle a list and commentary on the works of creation. In his opinion, F14b, which made up part of this commentary, originally followed the word quEpav in 1.4 of the preceding fragment. For discussion of the meaning of the phrase dno pEpouc, TCOV dKpcov and its relationship to Plato, T i . 35C2-36A6, see Staab 2006,75 (and 74fon T6 ndv KOT' ISEOV). Although Gen 1,26 states that G o d intended to create man "according to our image and like ness," the following verse from Genesis states only that he created man according to "the image of God." Africanus offers here two explanations as to why God did not actually create man "according his likeness". Because the first-formed light was diffused throughout the atmosphere before the sun was created as a receptacle for it, Africanus calls the first day 'intelligible'. O n the 'intelligible light (<ptic, vonrov)' of the first day of creation, cf. also Philo and Basil (see app.).

2 3

24
t

Iulius Africanus

F14 The Creation

25
5

8euxpq) v u x Q n u e p u j EYEVETO o X E p E u i u a , Epyov a', ev TCI; Tpixqj vux9rip.pu) EyevETO Jpya 5', 9 a v -

OEV xd 10

p<i>0"u; yfjc, K a i a v a c x l p a v a i c , r t a p d S e i a o c , , 5ev5pa TtavToIa, Pordvai K a i O T t E p u a r a . Tfj &' npspg e n o i q 6 BEOC, T O V fjXiov K a i Tf|v OEXfjvnv K a i roue, dcTEpac,. Tfj t' f|UEpg E r c o i n a E V 6 6e6<; t d EprtEtd K a i
v r j K x d T t d v x a , KrJTr| K a i ix9uac. K a i 8aa iv t o i q u S a a i , Sxi T E i t E T E i v d , 6 p o u e p y a y'. Tf| cj f|Upa td

E T t o i n a e v 6 9E6C, xd T E T p d i t o S a K a i xd s p r c E t a xfjc, yfjc,, t d 9ppia K a i T 6 V Sv9pai7tov, E p y a 6'. d u o u Ttdvxa S p y a K ( ? ' iadpi8ua TOCC, KP"Eppa'LKoic, y p d u u a a i

K a i T a t ? K p " E p p a i ' K a i c pipXoic. K a i TOIC, drro

ASdu. Eaic,'IaKd)P

EiKoai 6uo

y E v a p x i a i c , , <i>c EV XETfTfj (pEpeTai TEVEOEI, fjv K a i M u O O E a i q e l v a i

9001 T I -

VEC, d n o K d X u \ | / i v . amr\

rdc, o u p a v t o u c , 8uvduic, xfj r t p u n n i"|upg XEyEt E K T i a 9 a i .

6-10

s i m i l i t e r e t i a m i n ps. S y m . et C e d r e n o , n o n n u l l i s a d d i t i s

and the earth, the darkness and the waters, wind and light and a full day: altogether seven works. On the second full day, the firmament came into being: one work. On the third full day, there were four works; the manifestation and drying of the land, Paradise, all kinds of trees, and plants and se eds. On the fourth day, God created the sun and the moon and the stars. On the fifth day, God crea ted all reptiles and swimming things (sea monsters and fish and whatever is in the waters), as well as birds: altogether three works. On the sixth day, God created four-footed animals, land reptiles, wild beasts, and man: four works. Altogether there are 22 works, equal in number with the 22 letters of the Hebrew alphabet, and the 22 books of the Hebrew Bible, and the 22 generations of patriarchs from Adam up to Jacob, as it is reported in the Little Genesis, which some say is also a revelation of Moses. This work says that the heavenly powers were created on the first day.
6

7 TtapdSEicroc. D i . napd5iaaoc, A Io. A n a g . r t a p d S n o o c , ps.

Sym.

F15

The Fabricated

Chronology

of the Egyptians

and the

Chaldeans

From Africanus, concerning the mythical chronology of the Egyptians and the Chaldaeans: The Egyptians, t h e n , i n order to m a k e s o m e t h i n g o f an impression, have set forth outlandish c h r o n o l o g i c a l cycles a n d m y r i a d s o f years according t o s o m e sort o f system based o n a s t r o n o m i c a l calculations m a d e b y t h e m ; w h i c h s o m e o f them, reputed f o r t h e i r accuracy i n these m a t t e r s , compress, saying that they are lunar years. B u t i n c l i n i n g n o less than the others to the mythical, they m a n a g e to reconcile these years w i t h the eight a n d nine thousand years t h a t the Egyptians priests i n Plato falsely enumerate t o Solon. And after some other words: O f the 30,000 years o f the Phoenicians o r o f the absurdity o f the Chaldaeans, w i t h their 480,000 years, w h y should one e v e n speak? For although i t is f r o m the Chaldaeans t h a t the Jews as descendants o f A b r a h a m derive their o r i g i n s , they have received t h r o u g h the spirit o f M o s e s m o r e modest and m o d e r a t e teaching, together w i t h the t r u t h . A n d f r o m t h e i r r e m a i n i n g Hebrew histories, they have h a n d e d d o w n a p e r i o d o f 5500 years u p to the advent o f the W o r d o f salvation that was a n n o u n c e d d u r i n g the sovereignty o f the Caesars.
8

F15

G e o r g i u s Syncellus (17,28 - 18,10 M o s s h a m m e r )


Tiiv

A9piKavou rtepl Tfjc

AlyuTrricov Kai XaXSaiuiv pu9u)6oi)c, xpovoXoylac,-

AiyuTmoi U E V ouv ETCI T O K O U T T C O S E O T E P O V xpovcov TtEprrrdc; TtEptoSouc; Kai uuptdSac; excov Kara 0 E O I V xtva xcov reap' auxolc; daxpoXoyouuEvcov E C ; E 9 E V T O , dc; T L V E C , Ttbv xauxa dKpi(5ouv 5oc;dvTCi)v O U C T T E A A O V T E C ; a\r|vtaiou<; E I T I O V Evtau5 T O U C ; , o u 6 e v < 6 E > E X O T T O V eni T O UU9CU6EC, dTiovEVEUKOTEc, cruUTiiTiTouai rate, 6 K T C U Kai EWEa xiXtdaiv E T C U V , at; AiyuitTicov oi rtapa IIXdTcovi iepetc; Etc; ZoXcuva KaTapi9(ioCvTc; O U K dXr|9Euouatv. Kai pET* oXiya* T d yap OoivtKcov xptopupta Tr| f\ T O V TCOV XaXSaicov Xfjpov, T O TCDV ur)' pu10 ptdScov, T I 6 E T Kai XfiyEiv; E K T O U T C D V yap 'IouSaloi T O dv^Ka9sv yfiyovoTEC. and A(3padu dpc;dpvoi dmcpoTEpov T E Kai dv9pco7Ttvcc>c; uETd T O U dXr|9ouc; 6td T O U M C O U O E C O C ; TtvEupiaToc; 6i6ax9VTc;, E K T E T C O V Xotncov'E(3pai'K(I)v ioToptcov, dpi9pov E T C O V nevTaKiaxiXtiov rtEVTaKooicov Etc; rr)v EiticpdvEiav T O U acoTr)piou Xoyou Tqv ertl Tfjc; uovapxtac; TCOV Kaiadpcov Kr|puooopEvr|v Ttapa5E5coKaaiv.

5 6

2s -F43a,l-4; F43b,7-9 12-14 -T92,3s;T93c,8s;Sym. Log. (Leo Gr. [57,8-12 Bekker] = Th. Mel. [46,31-34 Tafel] Iul. Pol. [164,6-21 HardtJ) T(i 6E ,9' ETEI d u o KTICJEUJC, K o o p o u KCCI -xiaaa.paKocnu) Sevrepw ETEI Auyotioroo i^ijXde Soyfia nap' avrov anoypafEodcu ndaav rfjv oiKovfievrjv, iv > ITEI Kai 6 Kvpioq rfttwv iyewrjdrj, 'HpwSovfiaoiXevovmc,TtjclovSaiaq, ov 6 Kalaap Avyovcnoc npoe^tipiaaro. 2-5 cf. Diod. Sic. 1,26,1-5; Io. Lyd., mens. 3,5; Io. Mai. 1,15; 2,1; Io. Ant. fr. 7.1-2 5-7 cf. Plato, Ti. 23E 9s cf. Cic, div. 1,19; Eus., chron. 4,8 - 6,12; Sync. 18,11-20; 40,26-31 12-14 cf. Hipp., Dan. 4,23,3; Hipp., chron. 698 [A] 2 t6 Seal,
TCOV

| rcEpirrdc,

Seal, rcepi Tdq A 3

K a r d 9EOIV

Seal.

KaTd9eoiv

A 5 6E Gelzer

m!

The description of the 22 works of creation that follows the excerpt from Africanus forms a single block of material and is thus cited in full. Syncellus' enumeration is based on Iub 2,2-23. 'Little Genesis' is a commonly used Greek title for the Book of Jubilees. In conformity with the text of the Hebrew Bible, Iub 2,23 counts 22 patriarchs from Adam to Jacob. This is also Afri canus' numbering. Syncellus' own list of the patriarchs from Adam up to Jacob, which includes the second Kenan found in the Septuagint version of Genesis, comes to a total of 23. Resemblances to the prooemium to the third book (F34,1-11) suggest that Africanus' discus sion of the chronology of the Egyptians, Chaldaeans, Phoenicians and Hebrews may have ser ved as a programmatic introduction either to book one of his chronicle or to the entire work. This is the only reference to Chaldaean chronology in the surviving fragments of the Chronogra phiae. Africanus, who seems to have known the Babylonian historian Berossus (3 cent. BC) in some form (F34,14), may have based the 480,000 years of Chaldean history on Berossus' Babyloniaca; but cf. Alexander Polyhistor's version of Berossus, which assigns 215,000 years to Babyloni an history (in Eus., chron. 6,19f). The list of Chaldaean kings that follows this excerpt in Syncellus (18,11-20) does not originate in Africanus' chronicle, see Gelzer l,208f and Wallraff 2006,48, n. 17.
rd

26

Iulius Africanus

F16 The Generations from Adam to Abraham

27

F16
PI6a G e o r g i u s Syncellus (91,23 - 92,4 M o s s h a m m e r )

F16 F16a

The Generations

from Adam

to

Abraham

AcppiKavcvOASdu

From Africanus:
ETCOV

yEvopEvoc

a\'

y e w a T O V Zfj6-

Kai T O U T O I C

Eiucrjaac

rr| \|/'

ct7t0a-

A d a m , w h e n he was 230, begot Seth. A n d after l i v i n g a n o t h e r 700 years, he d i e d ( t h a t is a s e c o n d death).

vv, f j x o i SeuTEpov O d v a r o v . 2f]G yevouevoc, ETCOV a s ' 5

yvvr|a T O V ' E V U J C , v\e'. Kaivav.

cmb A S d u T O I V U V uExpt

ysvEOECoc

Seth, w h e n he was 205, begot E n o s h : f r o m A d a m , t h e n , u p t o the b i r t h o f E n o s h , t h e r e is a t o t a l o f 435 years. E n o s h , b e i n g 190, begot K e n a n . K e n a n , at age 170, begot M a h a l a l e l . M a h a l a l e l , at age 165, begot Jared. Jared, at age 162, begot E n o c h .
2

'EVCOC, T T | TCt o r i u T i a v T a 'Evcbc, u r r d p x w v ETCOV p p '

yEwa T O V
yvva

K a i v d v SE E T C O V p o ' y e v v a T O V MaAEAsfjX. Ma\A.fiA. 8k ETCOV pee' Tdv'IdpES.

' I d p e S SE E T C O V p^[3' y e v v a Tov'Evcbx 10 'Evcox 8k uTtdpxcov ETCOV pc' yewa. feTO^fjaac, err) a' o u x EuptOKETO. M a 9 o u a d X a Y E V O U E V O C ETCOV pn(J EyEvvnaE T O V A d u e x Adu_Y_ o n a p x c o v ETCOV p r m ' y s w a T O V N C O E .
TOV

MaQouadXa-

Kai suapeaTriaac,

TCO BECO

E n o c h , b e i n g 165, begot M e t h u s e l a h . A s o n e pleasing t o G o d , he l i v e d a n o t h e r 2 0 0 y e a r s a n d was n o t f o u n d . M e t h u s e l a h , w h e n he was 187, b e g o t L a m e c h . L a m e c h , b e i n g 188, begot N o a h .


3

2-13

S y m . Log. (Leo Gr. [8,22 - 10,20 Bekker] = T h . Mel. [14,2 - 15,7 Tafel] = Iul. Pol. [58,2 -

60,18 Hardt]) 0 Se AS&u yevouevoc, etcov aX' iyivvnoe rdv Zr\0- Kai TOUTOIC. y {enric T h . Mel.) emtflaac, err] 9vr)oKEI ...

2f]8 A(ovpav ayduevoq rr)v aSeXtpfjv (A(ovpav ... ccSeXcpfjv < Iul. Pol.), at' vnapyoiv ( y e v o u e v o c ; ae' Iul. Pol.) etcov, e y e v v n a e TOV'Evcbc..... 'Evcbc, eyr\uaro 'Eppav rfjv aSeX(pi\v avrov (< T h . Mel. | iyrjuaro yevdfievoq ETCSV ( + Kai Leo Gr. T h . Mel.) y e w a T6V Kaivav. Kaivav po' etcov inap^iov iyivvrjoe TOV MaXeXerjX. MaXeXef)X etcov p!;e' ( f c ' T h . Mel.) yevouevoc. tyivvrfoe tov'IdpeS. 'IdpeS yevouevoc; p?3' (ff/3' Leo Gr.) etcbv (IdpeS pc,(V EtcBv yevouevoc Iul. Pol.) iyevvnoe TOV'EVCOX'Evcbx yevdfcevoc pi;e' eriov iyevvnoe tov MaSouadXav (MaOouadXa T h . Mel.), Kai a' npoc. rovroic, tmSuioaq ett|,... MaOoucdXa prcC (pfe' Iul. Pol. E K a t d v dydorJKOvTa Leo Gr.) etcbv yv6uevoc eyevvr|ae tov AduexAduex etcbv p r m ' urcdpxcov eyivvnoe tdv Ncoe. Ntie ircbv <p' yevdpevoq eyivvnoe rdv Zf]u Kai uer' avrov (+ iyevvnoe Leo Gr.) rdv Xxu Kai per' avrov rdv 7a<pe8. 6 T 1 6 f 12 T16o; T16q,2-4; F22 2 2-13 cf. G e n 5,3-29; Hipp., chron. 23-32; Eus., chron. 38,7 - 39,21; 40,21 - 41,4 = Sync. 92,8-26; 3 [AB] 4 oe' B eve' A 6 po' Sym. Log. Mich. Syr. ( T 1 6 0 G o a r Gelzer 1,52 (cf. Gen 5,9) ppe' A B
m

... avrov < Iul. Pol.)- po' (sic codd.) 1 The material that appears in the following cluster of texts consists mainly of lists of the names and dates of biblical patriarchs from Adam to Abraham, along with chronological information about significant events (e.g., the Flood and Abrahams entrance into Canaan). Because Africa nus used a biblical text whose chronology sometimes departed from the version of the Greek Bible known to later chroniclers, much of the criticism found in later testimonia faults him for deviating from the chronology of the Septuagint (see T16e-q). It is possible that Syncellus' own version of Africanus' list of the biblical patriarchs represents only a chronological summary of an originally more developed exposition. Some of the more ample notices about the patriarchs found i n the Logothete group may also have originated in the chronicle of Africanus. Only a few of these notices are attributed to him, however (e.g. F16d, F22); for discussion, see Wallraff 2006,56-58. I n the apparatus, Enoch's age according to the text of Sym. Log. (190, as in the Septuagint) is based on Leo Gr. and the Munich mss. of T h . Mel. and Iul. Pol. The printed editions of these two authors give his age as p f and pn' respectively. Cf. the textus receptus of the Septuagint, which gives 167 years as Methuselah's age when he begot Methuselah. 187 is the number found i n the Masoretic text and some Septuagint mss. (Wevers 1974 ad l o c ) . See further T16g, n. 2 and introduction, p. X X V I I .

92,30 - 93,14; 93,17-34; Chron. Pasch. 34,17-35,10; 36,10-16; Niceph., chron. syn. 81,7 - 83,2

7s LcctAeXeijX B paXaXef]X A 12 ptcf B p7tn' A

28

Iulius Africanus

F16 The Generations from Adam to Abraham

29

F16b

G e o r g i u s Syncellus ( 9 4 , 1 5 - 1 7 M o s s h a m m e r )

F16b From Africanus:

AcppLKavou' Nd>e

rjv E X O J V

x',

ore

KaxaicAuapoc, eyevExo.

N o a h was 600 years w h e n t h e F l o o d o c c u r r e d . F r o m A d a m t o N o a h a n d t h e F l o o d , there are, t h e r e f o r e , 2262 years.

rivexai xaivuv drto A 5 d p | i s x p i NUJE Kai xou KaxaKAuauoO Exn ,pat;f3'.

2s Sym. Log. ( L e o Gr. [12,3-5 Bekker] = T h . Mel. [16,11s Tafel] = Iul. Pol. [64,18 - 66,1 Hardt]) 'Eyeveto ( + ovv Iul. Pol.) 6 KaxaKXu0u6c, rai \' erei TOV N(I>E. yivovrat (+ oiiv Iul. Pol.) drro Aodu pXpi Nd)e K a l (Ncoe K a i < Iul. Pol.) TOU KaraicXuapoO ETn ,^0fi/3' djiofin' T h . Mel. + yeveai (' Iul. Pol.). 3 -> F 1 6 d , 4 - 6 ; T16g,ls; T16h,2-4; T16q,3; T22a; T45.9-12 2 cf. G e n 7,6
r

2s cf. Hipp., chron. 34s


s

3 cf. Chron. Pasch. 403,13; 526,7; Epiph., haer. 1,173,16s

(omnes 2262 anni); Eus., can." 15,4s; 70 ; 174,5; 250,23s; Eus., chron. 38,31-34 = Sync. 94,20-23; ps. S y m . f. 2 6 = Cedr. 27,21-23; Eel. Hist. 170,17s; Anon. Matr. 2,12s; Cat. Gen. 699; 865 (2242 anni); Io. M a i . 1,4; Io. Ant. fr. 2,18s (2552 anni) [AB] 3 lvr\ ,(5cf^(5' B ~ A

F16c F 1 6 c G e o r g i u s Syncellus ( 9 7 , 4 - 1 5 M o s s h a m m e r ) From Africanus: AcppiKavouM E T O Se x 6 v

After the Flood, Shem begot Arpachshad.

KaxaKAuapov

Z r ] u yiv\r\ae

x 6 v ApcpacdS. x o v S a A d , ,(5xo('.

A r p a c h s h a d , w h e n h e w a s 135, begot Shelah, i n 2 3 9 7 . Shelah, w h e n he was 130, b e g o t Eber, i n 2527. Eber, w h e n he was 1 3 4 , b e g o t Peleg, i n 2 6 6 1 ; he r e c e i v e d t h i s n a m e
2

ApcpacdS 5 e yevopevoc, E X O J V pXe' yevvq S a \ d y e v o p e v o c , E X O J V pX'

yEvva x o v "EBep, ,fiq>K.C.


a

because o f

5 "Eftep y e v o u e v o c , E X O J V pX5' y e v v a x o v O O A E K , , P x ^ > OOXOJC, 7 t t K \ r | 9 v x a S i d xo ev r)ppaic, auxoO usptaGfjvai xr]v y f ] v .

the d i v i s i o n o f t h e e a r t h d u r i n g h i s life.

2-6

S y m . Log. (Leo Gr. [12,6 - 14,12 Bekker] = T h . Mel. [16,13 - 17,31 Tafel] = Iul. Pol. [66,1 ITU UETCI T6V Karaic\uop6v I r ) u yevouevoc, p' (pp" Iul. Pol.) iTtiv e y E v v n o E TOV Ap

80,6 Hardt]) E v Si TW Sevripa ApcpacdS (Kctivav cpacdS (Kctivav Leo Gr., + cup' ov npdnrj fiaaiXtia XaXSaliov Iul. Pol.). Leo Gr.) 6E (< Leo Gr.) yev6pEvoc, p \ s ' (pX' Leo Gr. pXC Iul. Pol.) ETOIV eyevvtjoe T6V Z d X a (EaXau Leo Gr. Iul. P o l . ) . . . . ZdAa (ZaXap. L e o . Gr. Iul. Pol.) yev6uevoc, pX' ETUJV iyivvr\oe T6V "EfJsp "E|3Ep yEvopevoc, p\8' ETWV iyivvnoe T6V OaXEK. EV apxfi rCiv fjfiepcbv OaXeK (iv...<PaXex ol nv NWE viol Sixovorjoavreq rfjc, yrjc, eiq iavTovq noiovvTai TIJV Staviprjoiv. < Iul. Pol.) 1 At Gen 10,24; 11,13 (hence L c 3,36), most manuscripts of the Septuagint mention a second, post-diluvian Kenan between Arpachshad and Shelah, see Wevers 1974 ad loc. Lacking in the Masoretic text and, according to Sync. (T16i), in some Septuagint manuscripts, this second Kenan is also missing i n Africanus' and Eusebius' lists of the biblical patriarchs. For Syncellus' 2-6 cf. H i p p . , chron. 36-41 5s 2 - 1 2 cf. G e n 11,10-26; Eus., chron. 41,33 - 42,28; 43,4-22; 43,292 cf. Gen 10,25; Niceph., chron. syn. 84,5-7; C h r o n . Epit. 11,1-4; Exc. critique of their omission of the second Kenan, see T16i-o and Gelzer 1,89. According to Gen 10,25 ("To Eber were born two sons: the name of the one was Peleg, for in his days the earth was divided and his brother's name was Joktan"), the name Peleg derives from the verb ??V ("divide"), see also the following note. 44,13 = S y n c . 97,20 - 98,13; 98,20 - 99,6; 99,12-30; Chron. Pasch. 43,3-13; 86,18 - 87,5; Niceph., chron. syn. 83,21-84,15 Barb. 1 9 1 , 1 3 - 1 5

3s de secundo Cainan deficiente -> T16i; T16k; T161; T16m; T16n; T16o; T16q,ls; T45.13-15

30

Iulius Africanus

F16 The Generations from Adam to Abraham

31

O a A e K excbv pX'

e-yEwnae

TOv'Payau,

Kai

7 u ( f | 0 a c , exn oQ' ExeXeuxnoev.

Peleg, at age 130, b e g o t Reu, and after l i v i n g a n o t h e r 209 years, he d i e d . F r o m A d a m u p t o the d e a t h o f Peleg, t h e r e are 2980 years. Reu, w h e n he was 132, begot Serug. Serug, at age 130, b e g o t Nahor. Nahor, at age 79, b e g o t Terah. Terah, b e i n g 70, b e g o t A b r a h a m , N a h o r a n d Haran. 3000 years, according to Eusebius
3

A n o A 5 d p em X E X E U X T I V O O X E K EXT] , Y , KOTO S E EUOE|3IOV ,(3^TC' ' P a y a C EXtov pX(3' Y E V O U E V O C ; EyEvvnaE x o v ZEpoux10 Z e p o u x pX' xov Naxtop. N a ^ w p 0 8 ' xov 0 d p a . d p a o ' s T c o v w v x o v A p p a d p K a i N a x w p K a i A p p d v . . . . (F16d,4)

7s

l o . Mai. 2,10 (25,21-23 T h u r n ) 'Ev roTcxpovoiq TOVTOIC iytvETO Tip/ npoipryxtiav.

< M X E K , u/dc "E(5ep, avr)p &Eoae^f]c ttcmv ovv died

Kai oocpoc, (fjoac hr\ T X 8 ' (= pX' + 08'!), nepl ov Maiofjc b npotprjrnq avveypdfaw. ASctp &ic TOV CDdXsK exn ,y Kara 7-12 82,20 Hardt])

S y m . Log. (Leo Gr. [14,4 - 19,10 Bekker] = Th. Mel. [20,13 - 21,7 Tafel] = Iul. Pol. [80,11 -

d > a \ K yevdfiEvoc pX' ETCOV yevvr|ae (yEvva Iul. Pol.) xov'PayaO, K a i EmfSicuaac, xn o8' ETEXUTn,ae. Ivvdyerai TO. ndvra Srn imt> A8dp im rr)v TOV O O X E K TXEirrf]v Exn ,y. (VOTE E'IKOTCOC ravine Kai rov vnovoovuivov ETO^E TWV rf\c dvofiacrlac 6 OaXeK, fiEpk yap ipunvevErai, EKaripac npoavacpwvcbv rac StaiptoEic. tfjc TE

yap yfjq Tfjv StaKXfjpcooiv oi TOO NCOE naiSsc ini rovrov notovvrai, Mel.) IAEV ivapxfj, Pol.). . . . 'Payau yevouevoc pX[3' (pA'Th. Mel.) ETOJV t y E v v n a E T6V XEpoiix- Zspoux yEvdftEvoc pX' ETOJV iyivvvOE Kai d p a (Bappa TOV Nax^p . iytvvnOE T6V 0 d p a (&appa Na^tbp yevdfievoc 08' (pX' Leo Gr.) irdv

i^aKioxiXiwv ETWV xpdvov fj SiaipEoic im Tfjc TeXsvrfjc TWV rjuipwv yivsrai TOVTOV, r\ (b T h . r) (d T h . Mel.) Si ini rw TEAEI rrjc (wfjc avrov (Kai imfliwoac ... avmv < Iul.

T h . Mel. Leo Gr.). ... Si ETI 6 @apa (Odppa

Th. Mel. Leo Gr.) ysvbfiEvoc ixwv o' iytvvnazv

EK yuvaiKdc"EoVac, dvyarpdc 'AfSpaap

naxpaSiXipov avrov ( E K ... avrov < Iul. Pol.), TOV Afipadp. . . . iyivvnOE T h . Mel. Leo Gr.) rov Appdv (apav Iul. Pol.) K a i rov Naxcbp. 8
r

F94.1; ps. Sym. f. 26 = Cedr. (28,4-6 Bekker)"On Kai(< Cedr.) b Q><XXEK npb TOV narpbc avrov TEXEVTOC, ovvdysrai Se TO ndvra ixn dud rov (< ps. Sym.) A 6 d u ETC! t f ] v TOVJ CMXEK TEXEUTTIV ((DOTE ... ipjie3 For Africanus, the name Peleg refers both to the division of the earth during his lifetime and the completion of the first half of universal history at the time of his death. Cf. Sym. Log. (in the app.): "The years from Adam to the death of Peleg come to a total of 3000. Fittingly, then, Peleg received this name, for it means 'division', anticipating each of the two divisions. T h e sons of 8 cf. Cat. Gen. 860,1; Proc. G., in G e n . 11 (PG 87/1.315C); Cedr. Noah made the allotment of the earth during his time, and the division of the supposed period of 6000 years occurred at the end of his life; the one division was at the beginning, the other at the end of his life." Some of the material in the ample geographical excursus that follows may 11 e t l 2 8 d p a A 8dppaB originate from Africanus.

"E$Ep

ixr\ ,y. &OTE E'IKOTWC ravrnc ETVXE Tfjc bvouaoiac 6 CPOAEK, UEpioubc yap ipftEVEVErai VEVETat < C e d r . ) . 7-12 22,4 7 - 9 [AB] 7 et 9 payed) B p a y d u A 10aepoi>xA oepoiiyB cf. H i p p . , chron. 616-619

32 F16d

Iulius Africanus

F16 T h e Generations from Adam to Abraham

33

F16d
From Africanus, concerning Abraham:

S y n c . ' i G e o r g i u s Syncellus ( 1 1 2 , 1 6 - 2 1 M o s s h a m m e r ) Sync. : i b d . ( 9 7 , 1 6 - 1 8 M o s s h a m m e r )


A9piKavoO rcepi Appadu2

F r o m this originates t h e a p p e l l a t i o n o f the Hebrews. F o r 'Hebrews' i n t e r p r e t e d m e a n s 'crossers', f r o m Abraham's crossing o f t h e Euphrates, a n d not, as s o m e believe, f r o m the p r e v i o u s l y m e n t i o n e d Eber. T h e r e f o r e ,
2 1

f r o m the F l o o d

" E v 0 s v a p t e r a l Td)v'Eppaicov f\ npoawvuuia. 'E|3paioi yap 01 nepdxai EpunVEUovxai, Sianpdaavxo<; Eucppaxriy A P p a d u , Kai oux, obc, oi'ovxai xtvsc,, d n o "Eftep
TOU

a n d N o a h u p to Abraham's entrance i n t o the p r o m i s e d l a n d , there is a total o f 1015 years i n 10 generations, b u t f r o m A d a m there are 3277 years i n 20 genera tions.

TtpoeipnuEvou. auvdyETai

TOIVUV

sic, xf|v 7ii(5aaiv Tfjc, KaTnyyEApEvnc,

5 yfjc; A ( 3 p a a u and U E V T O O KaraKAuauou K a i Nd) yEVEtov 1' ixr\ ,ai', d n o 5 E A S a u ysvediv K ' xr| ,YOX>C-

test.: 1 - 6 S y n c . [AB]

4 inc. Sync. [AB] ( F16c)

. . . Kai Appdv. ouvdyerai roivuv ...

2-4 ps. S y m . f. 30" = Cedr. (49,11-13 Bekker) Aianspdoaq Si xdv Eixppdrnv n;v npoowvvuiav iXa/?v'EfJpaToi yap T t E p d r a i Xiyovxai. oi Si dno'Eftep Xiyovmv amove KaAsfofloj'Eppaiouc,. 4 - 6 Sym. Log. (Leo G r . [20,18-20 Bekker] = Th. Mel. [22,1-3 Tafel]) ... and Si rov Siafiepiaftov Tfjc. yfjc. ixn ,Hic_' f,ac' L e o Gr.), dmb Si TOU KataicAuouou ern. ,aie\ d i t d 6e A5du Srn ,ycroC 4-6 F16b; T16g,2-4; T I 6 0 ; T16p; T16q,2-4; T45.9-10.15-18 5s - + T6,6; F51a,10s 2s cf.Philo, migr. Abr. 20; Or., comm. in Gen. P G 12,113,9s; Io.Anag. f. 115 4-6
v

T16e Now

t h a t I have thus d e m o n s t r a t e d the date at w h i c h Eber begot Peleg, the 1 6


4

th

3s

cf. Gen 10,21;

descendant

f r o m A d a m , I t h i n k i t f i t t i n g to juxtapose o u r calculations w i t h

14,13; Ios., a n t . I u d . 1,146; Io. Mai. 1,5 (8,19 T h u r n in apparatu); Exc. Barb. 205,24; Sym. Log. (Leo Gr. 13,4-7 = T h . Mel. 17,5-7 = Iul. Pol. 68,7-11) cf. Eus., chron. 45,20-28 = Sync. 100,32 101,3 5s cf. H i p p . , chron. 621; Io. Mai. 3,3; Io. Ant. fr. 18,8s; Iul. Pol. 86,9-11 5 6e < Sync.
2

A f r i c a n u s ' n u m b e r i n g o f years u p to this p o i n t , a n d f r o m there up to A b r a h a m . A f r i c a n u s ' version is i n a s e c o n d table (because after a l l he predates Eusebius b y s o m e years). A n d t h e n i n t h e same w a y I shall f u r n i s h as w e l l Eusebius' n u m b e r i n g o f years, set o u t i n t h r e e tables a n d based, so he says, o n the sages w h o t r a n s l a t e d the Septuagint, t h e t e x t u a l version used b y t h e Hebrews, i n a d d i t i o n t o t h e one used b y the Samaritans. O n c e the years have b e e n arranged a c c o r d i n g l y i n five tables f r o m A d a m u p to Peleg a n d f r o m Peleg u p t o A b r a h a m , the genealogy o f t h e patriarchs a n d the c h r o n o l o g y that coincides w i t h the w r i t i n g o f Moses a n d t h e gospels w i l l be rea d i l y evident.

6 ,yooC Sync. Leo Gr. ,yoC Sync.


2

T 1 6 e G e o r g i u s Syncellus ( 9 1 , 1 - 1 1 M o s s h a m m e r ) OuTcuc, drcoSeSeiyuEvou


TOU

xpovou, K a 8 ' 6 V 6 "Eftep

TOV OOXEK

EyEvvnaE tc,' 6 v xpovou, Kai dno


EXE-

r a dno A 5 & u , a^iov olpai E K TtapaXXrjAou T W V f)plv ETtiXoyioGevTuJv E V SeuTEpoj Kavovioj TTapaGsoGai Kai xd 7tapd xd) A 9 p i K a v c p sxn
5
EOJC, X O U S E

X O 0 6 E uEXpt ABpadp (Kai yap itpoyEVEaxepoc, 6 dvr|p unapxEt xoij Eua(3iou

The Septuagint translates "Abraham, the Hebrew (nasn)" (Gen 14,13) as A(3pdu Til) TtepaTn ("Abraham the crosser," deriving from the verb 13V). For ancient discussion of the two opposing etymologies of the word "Hebrew," see Adler/Tuffin 2002,140, n. 4. Syncellus quotes the following sentence twice with identical wording, although in both cases the preceding text is different. I n F16c he probably gave an abridged list. In this particular case we can be sure that the original of Africanus had more information than the list (see n. 1 to F16a); it certainly contained the etymology of "Hebrews," although it is hard to reconstruct the precise structure of the text. This passage precedes Syncellus' chronological tables of the biblical patriarchs up to Abraham, as calculated by Africanus, Eusebius and Syncellus himself. T h e number '10' found in the manuscripts is corrupt. Syncellus counted 16 patriarchs from Adam to Peleg (cf. Sync. 90,22; 101,16 and T16i,4). Goar and Gelzer emend it to '15', which represents Africanus' numbering of the patriarchs.

at

TTOU),

e I 9 ' oi5xu) Kai xd rtapd

EUOEJMOU

xpixwc, K X E 0 v x a , cbc, Kiv6c cpnat, Ka

r a xe xouc, o' aocpouc, EppnvEac; Kai Kaxa xd nap"Eppaioic, Kai E T I Kaxd xo napd Zauapetxaic, dvxiypacpov. Ovxd) yap
EV KEVXE

Kavovtotc, KEipsvuiv xcov dno A 5 d p

EOJC, X O U

<I>aXK Kai
XE M B -

dno xou <I)aXK ECOC, A|3paau EXCOV, Euuaptoc, SEixGilosxai f\ crupcpcovoc, xfj IO uoai'Kfj K a i euayY^ li YP Pfi Y
lK a( V a

3 4

PX'

XP

o v 0

^7' -

[AB]

1 ic,' s c r i p s i m u s SEKOTOV AB ie' Goar Gelzer"" 5 rcou + p' Gelzer

34

Iulius Africanus

F16 T h e Generations from Adam to Abraham

35

T16f

M i c h a e l Syrus 1,3 (4, 2 a , 1 7 - 2 0 C h a b o t )

T16f

But

Enosh according to the

chroniclers A n n i a n u s a n d A f r i c a n u s f a t h e r e d
1

c h i l d at the age o f 190, a c c o r d i n g t o the Syrians 90 y e a r s .

-F16a,10s cf. G e n 5,9; E l i a s Nisib. 7,35 (Annianus?)

T16g T16g C h r o n i c o n Paschale ( 3 6 , 1 7 - 2 1 D i n d o r f )

I n the 100 'EV T(I) EKCtTOOTll) T L TOU E f j t l , EC^aKOOTOaTtp S i TOU N(I) K a i ^ C T C ^ ' ETEl y V 0 E -

th

year o f S h e m , t h e 6 0

t h

year o f N o a h , a n d t h e 2 2 6 2

n d

year f r o m

the

c r e a t i o n o f t h e u n i v e r s e , t h e F l o o d came u p o n t h e e a r t h . T h i s is t h e s u m o f years t h a t A f r i c a n u s also c a l c u l a t e d u p t o t h i s t i m e , f o r t h e accurate copies o f the b o o k o f Genesis m a k e i t clear that M e t h u s e l a h w a s 187 years o l d w h e n h e begot L a m e c h .

coc, K O O U O U Kai

6 A9pixav6c;

9aivei TOU

KaTaKAuauoc, im rfjc, yfjc,' roaauTa auvijyayEv, ETteiSr) K a i T O . dKpi|3f| TTJC M a 9 o u c d X a T n , K a i OUTCOC. O O T O V yEwfjaai T O V
eyEVETO 6

S E p i ^ p i T O V VTaiJ0a
FEVEOEOJC, (3i(5Aia

pnC

Adpsx-

1-4 - T16q; T45.6-18

I s - > T22a; F16b,3s; T 1 6 h 2 - 4 -+ F16a,12; F16d,4-6; T16o; F22,2s; T22b T16h

I s cf. Chron. Pasch. 403,13; 526,7 3 7iriYaYev d u Cange From Adam to the Flood, there are 2242 years. This is what Eusebius and the true tradition and the large majority of the manuscripts of Mosaic writings report, in accordance with the Septuagint version. N o t w i t h s t a n d i n g , A f r i c a n u s r e c k o n e d 2 2 6 2 years, o n t h e basis o f a f e w copies that r e p o r t t h i s t r a d i t i o n . B u t n o c r e d e n c e s h o u l d be p u t i n these copies. Up to the Flood, therefore, as the preceding has shown, the copies of Hebrew Scriptures disagree by T16h G e o r g i u s Syncellus ( 9 4 , 4 - 1 4 M o s s h a m m e r ) 349 years with the most ancient Samaritan text, which is composed in a different Hebrew script, and An6 ta ASdu ecoc, too KaraKAuouoO E t n ,(5au8'. OUTCD S E K a i EiioeSioq K a i 6 dAn8f|c \6yoc, K a i r a Tt\elaTCOV

which the Hebrews acknowledge is both true and original. Compared with the Septuagint

Miouaa'iKcJv dvTiypdcpaiv 7tEpiexouoi K a r a rf]v rdiv o' SKSOOIV.


EK TIVIOV

'O

pEVTOl

AcppiKavoc,

version, the Hebrew version differs by 586 years; the Samaritan version differs from it by 935 years. F r o m A d a m t o t h e F l o o d , A f r i c a n u s differs f r o m E u s e b i u s b y 20 years.

,Pai;|3' ETteXoyioaTO
5 yp
a c

anaviojv

dvTiypdcpcov O U T O J

rapiExovTcov,

olc: ou

Xpr) Tti0EO"Sai. Mexpi t o i v u v TOO KataKAuau.ou KaOtbq n p d K e i t a i Siacp<uvouoi td'E(3paiKd d v r i P


a

The divergence reflects the variations in the biblical versions. Unlike Annianus and Africanus, both of whom followed the chronology of the Septuagint, the Syriac text reflects a variant chronology also found in the Masoretic text and the Samaritan Pentateuch.

'tpoc, t o ZauapeiTwv apxaidrarov K a i TOIC xapaKTfjpm SiaAAdrrov, o K a i dAr|9EC d v a i Kai

7tp<I)Tov'E|3paToi KaSouoAoyouoiv, ereai TU.9', npoc. 5e rfjv tiiv o' EKSOOIV t 6 UEV'E(3pai'K6v Steaiv qmc.', TO 6E S a u a p e i t d v ?)Ae'.

AcppiKavoc.

6E

ixpoc, EUOE(3IOV drto

ASdu

Scoc.

TOU K a T a -

In the following two texts, Syncellus criticizes Africanus' treatment of two related issues: the age of Methuselah when he begot Lamech and the date of the Flood. Because chronographers established biblical chronology by adding up the ages of the patriarchs when each of them fathered a successor, Africanus' addition of 20 years to the age of Methuselah (187 instead of

K X U O U O U 5ia9u>vlTr| K ' .

1-8 -^T16g;T16p;T22a;T45,13-15 Is Eus., [AB]

2-4

F16b,3s; T16g,ls

7s - T16o; T16q,2-4; T22b


r

167, see above F16a,12) put the date of the Flood in A M 2262 instead of 2242. 187 is the age of Methuselah found in the Hebrew text, and, as Syncellus notes, in some manuscripts of the Septuagint (see Wevers 1974 ad loc; Adler/Tuffin 2002,27, n. 3). Although this reading is already reflected in the biblical chronology of Demetrius the Jewish chronographer ( 2 BC),
n d

cf. H i p p . , chron. 35; Eus., chron. 45,20-28 = Sync. 100,32 - 101,3; ps. Sym. f. 26 = Cedr. 27,21; can.
H i e r

15,4s; 70,15s; 174,5; 250,23 4 - 7 cf. Eus.,

chron. 39,28; 41,10

cent.

it is probably a correction of 167, designed to avoid a discrepancy created by the latter

7 ?)Ae' A ? ) \ ' B 935 Eus., chron. 36,3

number. If Methuselah was only 167 years when he begot Lamech, then his death i n 2256 would have been 14 years after the Flood in A M 2242, see below T22a.

36

Iulius Africanus

F16 The Generations from Adam to Abraham

37

Tl 6i

G e o r g i u s Syncellus (132,15-22 M o s s h a m m e r )

T16i

T i v d 5E TCtrv avTiypdcpcov, cbc, Kai Ei>a(3iou, uy' exouai TOU ApcpacdS psrd TO yEvvfjaac aur6v TOV ZdX.a, olc o o S ' 6Xcoc, E7t6pe9a, 7tdvTr| Tfjc; d\n6Eiaq TCOV X P
V C 0 V K a l

According to some of the manuscripts, as well as Eusebius, Arpachshad lived another 403 years after begetting Shelah. But these manuscripts we utterly disregard, since they have gone quite astray from a truthful account of the chronology and the generations. B o t h A f r i c a n u s a n d Eusebius say t h a t S h e l a h was b o r n t o A r p a c h s h a d i n s t e a d o f K e n a n , a n d t h e y p u t Shelah i n the 1 3 , n o t the 1 4
t h t h

ysvEcov 5tr|papTr|K6o[v.

d v T i y a p - T O U K a ' i v a v T O V Z d X a cpaol y E w n G f j v a i T Apcpa!;d5 AcppiKavoc, T e K a i EUOE|3IOC 5 K a i xr\\ i S ' ysvEav T O U X d A a iy' Tdrrouai, pvf]ur|v xov SsuTspou (3C(3AOI K a i A5dp,

K a ' i v a v o t > 5 ' oXcoc, 7toir|adpvoi, 6 v a i r t a v T a v o u Tf|c, FEVEOECOC; TO

ispai

g e n e r a t i o n . A n d t h e y e n t i r e l y neglect t o m e n t i o n t h e se

K a x d A o u K d v E u a y y e X t o v xov ApcpacdS u i d v K5<5<i)Kaai K a i i y ' d r o

c o n d K e n a n , w h o m t h e sacred b o o k s at e v e r y p o i n t i n Genesis, as w e l l as t h e G o s p e l a c c o r d i n g t o L u k e , have d e c l a r e d to have been A r p a c h s h a d ' s 13


th

itaTEpa 8k T O U 2 d \ a

16'

d u o ASdp OVTOC,.

son, t h e

d e s c e n d a n t f r o m A d a m , a n d t h e f a t h e r o f Shelah, the 1 4

t h

from Adam.

3 - 7 - F16c,3s; T16k; T161; T16m; T16n; T16o; T16q; T45.12-17 1 cf. Eus., 3,36 [AB] 1 a u r o v TOV Moss. auTov A T6V B 2 SinuaprnKoaiv B SmpapTnKEvai A 3 Tip B TOV A c h r o n . 42,1s = Sync. 97,22s 2 cf. Hipp., chron. 38s 3 - 5 cf. Eus., chron. 42,1; 43,6; 43,31 5s cf. L c

= Sync. 97,22; 98,22; 99,14; Elias Nisib. 8,7-16 (Annianus?); Niceph., chron. syn. 83,25-28

T16k

G e o r g i u s S y n c e l l u s (89,28 - 90,7 M o s s h a m m e r ) T16k

Tffi ,(3cp' erei Ka'ivav e\a|5e yuvauca Kai T I ,(3<pe' eyewnae TOV XaXd. TOUTOV 6E T 6 V Ka'ivav 6 <> EuaEpioc, O U K EcrroixeicoaE, Tip 'E(3pa'iK<I) dvTiypdcpu) KOKCOC, dKoXouSncac,, 616 K a l EacpdXq err) pX'. opoiaic, 8k K a i 6 Acppucavdc, 5it]papTE p q
E V T O I C , d n o ' I n a o u xov

In the 2500

lh

year, Kenan took a wife and begot Shelah in the year 2505. This Kenan is omitted in

OTOixEiwoac,

TOUTOV

T O V SfiUTepov

the computation of Eusebius, who, by erroneously following the Hebrew version, was consequently 130 years off i n his reckoning. L i k e w i s e , A f r i c a n u s was also i n e r r o r b y f a i l i n g t o i n clude t h i s s e c o n d K e n a n i n h i s c o m p u t a t i o n . For t h i s reason, i n t h e p e r i o d o f years f r o m Joshua s o n o f N u n a n d t h e elders u p t o E l i a n d S a m u e l , he was

Ka'ivav, 6 9 e v Kai 5 apouf|\

Naufj Kai

T U > V TcpEapVripcov E C O C / H A I

Kai

r ] v a y K d a 9 r | E T E O I 7tpoa9ivat x p o v o u c , Eyyuc, pp'. i i E p i d>v 6 Kaiaapeuc,

EuaEpcoc, OUTOC, acpoSpa aurov KarapEpcpETat TtXEiotEpux; ocpaXsic, EV TOUTCS Kal EV TOCC, Xomolc,, cbc, 7tpo6E6rj\coTaL, Scoc. ETCOV ap'. 6 PEVTOI 6EIOC, uayyeXiaTf|C, AouKdc. iy' aurov dno TOU A S a p ye"veaX6yr|cre.

f o r c e d t o a d d o n a l m o s t 140 years. For these additional years, this man Eusebius of Caesarea severely criticizes him, although, as we have previously demonstrated, on this very point and on the other matters, the magnitude of his error was even greater, extending to 290 years. The divine evangelist Luke, on the other hand, in his genealogy of Christ counted Kenan 1 3 from Adam.
th

3-5->F16c,3s; 1-3

T16i; TT61;

T16m; T16n; T16o; T16q,ls; T45.12-15

5-7-+T41 chron. 47,22 - 48,8

cf. E u s . , chron. 42,1;43,6; 43,31 = Sync. 97,22; 98,22; 99,14 7s cf. L c 3,36 | ,fJcpe' B ,acp' A ,fkpC Sync. 88,10

5 - 7 cf. Eus.,

6s cf. Sync. 36,29s [AB] 1

,pcp'B,acp'A

TcpooOElvai A 7tpoa6f|vai B

6 TtAEioTEpcoc; A nXEitoTEpcuc, B | rauTii) A T a i r r d B

7 ETCOV B TCSV A

T 1 6 i - o deal chiefly with Africanus' omission of the post-diluvian Kenan, on which see above, F16c,3, n. 1.

38

Iulius Africanus

F16 The Generations from Adam to Abraham

39

T 1 6 1 G e o r g i u s Syncellus ( 9 6 , 1 3 - 1 8 M o s s h a m m e r )

T161

KctTd TO rtctpov xpovoypatpEiov- ETOUC, (}' UETO TOV KataKXuopov Zr|p EysvvriaE r d v Apqja^dS. Apcpa^dS YEv6p.evoc; ETCDV p\E' EyEvvr|aE TOV Ka'ivdv ,|3TO('. Ka'ivdv ysvopEvoc. ETUJV p \ ' Eyevvr|0 TOV Z a X d , < C. T O U T O V T O V Kaivav Eua(3ioc, K a i AcppiKavoc, O U K eaTorveicoaav- 616 K a i pp ' T O . pX' ETrj auTou acpdXXovTai.

According to the present

chronography:

In the second year after the Flood, Shem

begot

Arpachshad. Arpachshad, when he was 135, begot Kenan, in 2377. Kenan, when he was 130, begot Shelah, in 2507. E u s e b i u s a n d A f r i c a n u s d i d n o t c o u n t t h i s K e n a n . T h e r e f o r e , t h e y are i n e r r o r b y o m i t t i n g h i s 130 years.

3s - > F16c,3s; T16i; T16k; T161; T 1 6 m ; T16o; T16p; T16q,ls; T45.13-15 1 - 4 cf. G e n 11,10-13 3s cf. Eus., c h r o n . 42,1; 43,6; 43,31 = Sync. 97,22; 98,22; 99,14 [AB] 1 vpovoypacpelov g xpovoypcupiov A 2 ETUJV B < A 3 EOTOixEicooav B EOTOIXEICDOEV A
1

T16m

A n o n y m u s M a t r i t e n s i s (3,6 - 4,4 B a u e r )

T16m

Ka'ivdv y v 6 u v o c ETUIV p \ ' EyEvvnaE TOV EdXa Kai ETTECJIOEV ixr\ T X ' - EyevovTo Si rcdaai ai f | p i p a i Ka'ivdv ixr\ ut;' ioTEOv 6 T I T O V Ka'ivdv TtapaXeXoinaaiv AcppiKavoc, T E K a i EUOE(3IOC,
EV

When Kenan was 130 years of age, he begot Shelah and lived an additional 330 years. A l l the days of Kenan totaled 460 years. I t s h o u l d be r e c o g n i z e d t h a t b o t h A f r i c a n u s a n d omitted h i m i n t h e i r chronology. For t h e y d i d n o t find Eusebius

Toic, xpovoic;- ou yap u p r | K a a i v auTov E V TTOXXOIC; TCOV dvTiypdcpcov. 6 Si dyioc,

h i m i n many o f the

m a n u s c r i p t s . However, Saint Luke mentions him in his genealogy of the Savior. AouKdc, yevEaXoycOv TOV acoTfjpa pEpvnrai ai>Tou.

2s - F16c,3s; T16i; T16k; T161; T16n; T16o; T16q,ls 2s cf. E u s . , chron. 42,1; 43,6; 43,31 = Sync. 97,22; 98,22; 99,14 3 cf. Niceph., chron. syn. 83,25-28

3s cf. Lc 3,36

T16n T16n C h r o n i c o n E p i t o m o n ( 1 0 , 1 6 - 2 6 Pusch) When Arpachshad was 135 years of age, he begot Kenan. There is no reference at all to this Kenan Ap<pacaS yevopEvoc. ETUIV pXe' 4y^vvno TOV Kaivav- OUTOC. Si 6 Ka'ivdv iv T<J'E(3pa'up ouS' 6Xa>c, eupioKETai p.cpEpduvoc,, dXX' dno TOU Ap<paca5 TOV SaXd yvvn,9fjvai oi o' fipurivEuaav Kai Ka0E?fjc roue. XoiTtouc,. E O I K E 8s d p x i j Q E v dpapTfjaQai Td dvTiypacpa K a i 8id T O U T O E V I O I
TCOV

found in the Hebrew version; moreover, according to the Septuagint translation, Shelah was begot ten from Arpachshad, and then the others were begotten in succession. I t seems l i k e l y t h a t , at the v e r y outset, t h e r e was a n e r r o r i n the m a n u s c r i p t s , as a result o f w h i c h s o m e o f the c h r o n o g r a p h e r s
1

xpovoypdcpcov o i k s

auTov O U T S TOUC; vpovouc; auTou dpiSuouaiv. 6 UEVTOI

n u m b e r n e i t h e r h i m n o r h i s years. However, the apostle and

d7t6aToXoc, K a i EuayyEXioTf|c, AouKdc aa<fSic, Kai TOU Ka'ivdv TOUTOU (be, uiou pfcv TOU Ap<pa?d6, rcatp6c, Si T O U a X d pvqpovEUEi iv Tfj n a p ' aurou EKTEOEIOII dvarcoSurriKfl yEvEaXoyia, xf\ K a t d Td EiiayyEXtov, (Imvi Kai ppElc, ETCOUEVOI die. dSjioXoyiDTEpav Kai Tdv Ka'ivdv TOUTOV Kai Toiic, xpdvouc. auTou S x 6 u e 9 a .

evangelist Luke clearly also mentions this Kenan as both son of Arpachshad and father of Shelah in the reverse genealogy set out by him, which is in his gospel. We also follow it, since it is more deserving of consideration. A n d we accept both this Kenan and his years.

3s - F16c,3s; T16i; T16k; T161; T 1 6 m ; T16n; T16q,ls l c f . G e n 11,12 4 - 7 cf. Lc 3,35s [TH] 2 eucpepouevoc, T EKcpEpduEvoc. H | yevvr|9f|vai T Yyvvn9rjvai H 3 Sk < H 4 OUTOO + Si1 The reference to "some chronographers" would include Africanus and Eusebius, both of whom omitted the second Kenan.

X o v r a i Kai H

| UEVTOI + 9EIOC, H 5 AouKdc, < H 6 uvnpovEiki T u.vr|p.ovuu>v H | Kara T ev H

40 T16o

Iulius Africanus

F16 T h e Generations from Adam to Abraham

41

G e o r g i u s Syncellus (104,16-23 M o s s h a m m e r )

TI60
Eusebius states that Abraham was born in A M 3184. But Eusebius errs in his dating from Adam to Abraham, since he did not count the 130 years of the second Kenan, the son of Arpachshad, w h o m the Septuagint and the Gospel according to Luke number as the 13
th

EucrePioc. rip , y p n S ' e r a TOU x6apou cpnai TOV A(3padu yEwr]6fjvai. a9dXXeTai 6 EUCE|3IOC; ev role, dno A&au e'cuc, A|3paau ypovoic, Td pX' etn TOU Seurepou Kdivdv up OTOixEiuoac. utoO Ap<pa!;dS, 6v olo' dpi8poucn K a i T 6 K a r a AOUKOV Eiiayy^Xiov iy' dno A6du.

from Adam.

AppiKcxvoc, euro A 5 d u im T 6 n p a j r o v eroc, A(3paau err] ,yo$' eTteXoyiaaro. a<pdXXeTcu 5 e K a i OUTOC, r d a u r a pX' zxr\ T O U Seutepou K a i v a v u i o u Apcpa^d8, ucpaipoupevajv
OUTOC, TU)

A f r i c a n u s reckoned 3202 years f r o m A d a m up to the first year o f A b r a h a m . But h e t o o is mistaken b y o m i t t i n g t h e same 130 years o f the second K e n a n s o n o f A r p a c h s h a d . For i f one subtracts the 20 a d d i t i o n a l years t h a t he assigns t o M e t h u s e l a h , he also dates i t , m u c h l i k e Eusebius, i n A M 3184.
1

TU>V K '

etdiv

TOU

M a G o u a d X a , a n v a 7Tpooouoicoc, T O ; EuaefSiq) Kai

,YpTt6' 8T8I T O U

KOOUOU.

4s

->F16c,3s;T16d,4-6;T16i;T161;T16m;T16n;T16q;T45,13-17

- F 1 6 a , 1 2 ; T16g,2-4;

T 1 6 h , 7 s ; T 1 6 k ; F22;T45,9-11 1 cf. Eus., c h r o n . 45,20-22 = Sync. 100,32-34 2s cf. L c 3,36 [AB] 2 uiou B oi uiou A 6s cf. Eus., chron. 42,33 = Sync. 98,17 7 OUTOC B OUTOJCA | TU>...K6OUOU

6 Ttpooouoiuic. Di. np6c, 6uoioc. A B

delere m a l u e r u n t Goar et D i .

T16p T16p G e o r g i u s Syncellus (105,3-5 M o s s h a m m e r ) A c c o r d i n g to Africanus, i n A M 3277, A b r a h a m w e n t u p t o the p r o m i s e d l a n d o f C a n a a n . T h i s d a t i n g c a n n o t possibly be correct. K a x d A < p p i K a v 6 v ra>

,yaoC

STEI T O U K O O U O U

7te(3r| A(3padu Tfjc, ETtnyYEXuEvnc,

X a v a v i r i S o c , yfjc, ortep d S u v a r o v 7teq)UK8.

T 6 . 5 - 8 ; F 1 6 d , 4 - 6 ; T16h; T161; T16o; T45.6-18

T16q C o m p a r e d w i t h the accurate c h r o n o l o g y presented here, A f r i c a n u s ' c h r o n o l o g y is l a c k i n g 110 o f the 130 years o f t h e second Kenan. T h e r e m a i n i n g 20 o f these T16q G e o r g i u s Syncellus (112,22 - 113,2 M o s s h a m m e r )
TUJ

130 years were p r e v i o u s l y offset b y the lengthened p e r i o d o f t i m e represented b y t h e 2262 years f r o m A d a m up t o the F l o o d ; these 20 years were added o n t o A9piKavu> xpoaururv the years o f M e t h u s e l a h .

AeiTtetai n p o c , xr\v TtpoKEtpivnv dKpipfj xpovoXoyiav r\ rtapd voic, p i ' ex Tcov p X ' eribv
pX'
TOU

SeuTEpou Kaivav. r d y a p d X X a
TUJV

K ' S K TUJV

x] anb A S d u im

TOV

KaraKAuauov

,|3CT^(3' ET(I>V rcapau^naic. Ttpoa9r|p7ia-

ae, itpoaTeGevTcov aotujv roic, T O U MaGouadXa xpovoic,.

1-4

-F16b;T16g;T16o;T22b

Is

F16c,3s; T16i; T16k; T161; T16m; T16n

2-4

->F16a,12; 1 Since 3202 - 20 = 3182, Goar and Dindorf favor the deletion of the number. However, Syncel lus states only that Africanus' date was "nearly the same (npooopoiux;)" as Eusebius' (= 3184).

T16d,4-6; T 1 6 h , 7 s ; F22; T45.9-11; [AB] 2 pX' B pXe' A 3 napau^noic. B napd^naic, A

42 T17

Iulius Africanus

T17 Adam's Tomb


v

43

C a t e n a i n I o a n n e m i n codice Parisino gr. 209, f. 2 9 8 (2,105 M o n t f a u c o n

T 1 7 Adam's

Tomb

= P G 26,132IB) OvJTOi 5e i0iv o i n e p i Tfjc, Tacpfjc tov A S d u sipr|K6Tc;, AcppiKavoc; Kai 6 iryioc, ASavdoioc,. These are t h e a u t h o r s w h o write about Adam's t o m b : A f r i c a n u s a n d Athanasius. Saint

Sym. L o g . (Leo Gr. [9,4-7 Bekker] = T h . Mel. [14,5-7 Tafel] = Iul. Pol. [58,6-9 Hardt); cf. Cedr.

[18,11-13 Bekker]) = Georg. Mon. (43,16s de Boor/Wirth) TOOTOV (6c, Georg. Mon.; sc. Adam F IA32,2s) Xeyetat npui-rov (npcotoc, Georg. Mon.) eic, rf|V yfjv, , f\c e\r|<p9r|, tacpfjvai, Kai (+ T6 Leo Gr.) uvf|ua a u r a ) (autoO Leo Gr.) K a r a TXYV (+ tcl)v Leo Gr., Iul. Pol.) TspoaoXvJuuiv yeyovevai yqv, 'ESpai'Kii TIC, Icrropei napdSoaic, (+ coc, cpiiaiv'ItuoTiTToc. Georg. Mon.). 1 cf. Or., comm. in Mt. 265; Epiph., haer. 2,208,15 - 209,10; Io. Chrys., hom. 85 in Io ( P G 59,459); ps. Bas., enarratio in proph. Isaiam 5,141,13 2 cf. ps. Ath., pass. 208,5-8

F 1 8 A g a p i u s M a b b u g e n s i s , H i s t o r i a universalis ( P O 5 / 4 , 587,8s Vasiliev)

F 1 8 Seth, the Inventor

of the Hebrew

Alphabet

Africanus the sage claims that Seth, the son

o f A d a m , was

the first t o b r i n g t o l i g h t

letters a n d t a u g h t w r i t i n g a n d the H e b r e w language.

- * F16a,2-4; Sym. Log. (Leo Gr. [9,22 - 10,1 Bekker] = Th. Mel. [14,20s Tafel]) OUTOC 6 Zf|6 rcptoToc, ta'EPpdi'Kd ypdpuato e^eupibv cruveypd\]/aTo. Io. Mai. 1,1 (4,18 T h u m ) K a i ypduuara "EBpaiKd ecpeupev 7tpd)Toc, Kai OUTOC dveypd\)/aTO. 1 cf. Gen 4,25; 5,3 Syr. 1,4 Is cf. Io. Ant. fr. 1,13s; Georg. Mon. 10,5; ps. Sym. f. 21 ,36 = Cedr. 16,16; Mich. 1 On this type of catena on John, see Reuss 1941,210-215 ("Typus F"), in particular pp. 210f on the Paris ms. Although this short notice is late and unspecific, the information found i n Sym. Log. may provide a fuller understanding of Africanus' version of the tradition (on which, see Gelzer l,60f): "It is said that Adam was the first to be buried in the ground (cf. Iub 4,29), from which he was taken. A n d his tomb was in the ground of Jerusalem, according to what is reported in a Hebrew tradition." See also Georg. Mon. cont, who attributes the tradition to "Josephus." Christian writers from the time of Origen situated the burial site of Adam on Mount Golgotha, cf. the loci similes and Jeremias 2002,35-43. 2 About Seth and the discovery of the letters see Klijn 1977,48-51. Other passages in the Chrono graphiae attest Africanus' strong interest in the history of culture. For his account of the disco very of arts and crafts and of cultural heroes (npuVroi euperai) see F24.35-37; F54a,17f; F56.7-9 and Roberto 2006,13f. His specific interest in the Hebrew language also appears in the various etymologies and aetiologies found elsewhere (T2b,4-7; T l 1,8-11; F16d,l-4; F19,3f; F44.2, see also Wallraff 2006,57f). Furthermore, there is a tradition, found in Sym. Log. (Leo Gr. 10,6f and parallels), according to which Enoch first learned and tought letters, see also Iub 4,17.
v

44

Iulius Africanus F19 Enosh,

F19 Enosh, called by the name of God

45

F19

G e o r g i u s Syncellus ( 1 0 , 7 - 1 1 M o s s h a m m e r )

called by the name of

God

And A 5 d u EUJC, YEvvfjoecoc'EvcJc, Err) TEtpaKocia tpidKovra nVT, 6r|XouoT|C, rfjc, ypacpfjc,-'Evuic, fjXmaEv EniKaXeiaGai r 6 ovopa icupiou TOO 9EOU 7tpu)Toc, TOUX' EOTI rtpooayopEUEaSai ovopaxi 9EO0. EppnvEuETCti y a p 6 'Evobc, cboavei dvOpcorcoc, K a t d T O V 'E(3paiK.6v voOv. O U T O J 6 S

From Adam until the birth of Enosh were 435 years, Scripture revealing that Enosh was the first 'to hope to make use of the name of the lord God', that is to be called by the name of G o d . E n o s h is i n t e r p r e t e d as ' m a n son o f the 'one
1

For Sa

a c c o r d i n g to the H e b r e w sense. T h u s also the who is man', a c c o r d i n g t o the

Kal 6 a u ) T f | p uioc, TOO O V T O C , a v S p o j i t o u , K a x a T O V cpuoiKov A o y o v . Acppucavoo.

v i o r is the Africanus.
2

n a t u r a l sense. F r o m

1-4

D i d y m . , in Gen. 4,26 (144,27 - 145,8 Nautin) 'O lf\S ovv avri TOV Sixaiov Texdeiq SIKCCIOV, dq CCVTI TOV Kvpiov Ttjv dpertjv oiToq ovopaxoq avOpwnoq KaXetrai, Tijq TOiavTnq icniv. apiXei yovv TO dpoiaidfjvai Srjkovanq, ow^ovonq

ytvva TOV npoonyopiaq,

'EVOJC SiKaioq 7tou KaTacnaoivnpooamet

Tijq fvxfjq avTov aiircd-

TO K T 'CIK&VCU Kai rfjvTou OVTCJC, OVTOC, dv8pioKai TO iSiov TOV avOpdinov Se avTn F20 God's Immanence TU> 9ew KaTa TO (Juvarov'

'Evwq yap nap' EBpaioiq avdpanoq

(pr/oiv rjXmav EmKaXEioSat T6 ovopa Kupiou' npoorpcovaa TOV deov

avBpcbna evaperw TTJV deiav ioriv Is G e n 4,26

npa^iq- iXn'iq Si fj rep OVTI amr\ ioTiv vnoTdTTOVToq.

iXni(.eiv Si imKCtXeiodcti rd dvopta Kvpiov iavTov 1-4

&p.a Kai vnd tfyvriav Kai vnb TTJV SiSaoKaXiav Africanus also says this in the Chronographiae:
r

cf. Cat. Gen. 574 (= Eusebius Emesenus); ps. Sym. f. 22 = Cedr. 17,9-12; Sym.

For G o d

is called b y t h e

same n a m e as all t h a t is f r o m h i m , since he is i n

Log. (Leo Gr. 9 , 1 3 - 1 5 = T h . Mel. 14,11-14); Iul. Pol. 58,13-15 [AE] 4


18

e v e r y t h i n g . B u t i n the d i v i n e economy, he is c a l l e d ' h u m a n ' , since i n his w h o l e b e i n g he is invested w i t h existence, i n accordance w i t h w h a t has been said, ' F o r

T O U SVTOC, A E 3VTCOC, ps. Sym.

K a r d TOV <J>UOIK6V Aoyov Africano attribuerunt Routh,

Gelzer" K. T . <p. A. AcppiKavoii Moss.

i n h i m t h e w h o l e fullness o f d e i t y dwells b o d i l y ' .

F20

I o a n n e s S c y t h o p o l i t a n u s (ps.

M a x i m u s Confessor), S c h o l i o n i n D i o n y s i i

F21

Quotation

from

the Book

of

Enoch

A r e o p a g i t a e ep. 4 (76 C o r d i e r = P G 4 . 5 3 2 B ) From Africanus: A b o u t . . . he states . . . an oracle (?) ( o f ?) E n o c h is r e p o r t e d i n a T o 0 r 6 cpnoi K a l A(ppiKav6c, EV talc, Xpovoypacpiaic,A e y e T c u yap opwvuptoc, 6 Qzbc, rtdffi TOLC, el; auTovi, enetSr] E V Tidaiv e a r t v . E V b o o k o f the a p o c r y p h a .
3

8E Tfj o i K o v o p i a , cbc; K a T a Tqv o u a i a v 6 X n v ouaioj0Eic, dv6poj7toc, XsyETai, K a x d T 6 E i p n p E v o v - sv (I) KaToiKEi Ttdv Tfjc, GeoTriToc, T O 7tA.r|pojpa au)paTiKd)p>. 1 To preserve the ambiguity of the word EmKaXeioSai found in the Septuagint text of Gen 4,26, the translation renders the word as 'make use of the name of. EmKoXEio9ai can mean either 'to call upon' (in the middle voice) or 'to be called by the name o f (in the passive voice). Later 4 C o l 2,9 Christian interpreters often preferred the latter, in part because it explained how the descen dants of Seth and Enosh could be identified as 'the sons of God' of Gen 6,2 (see, e.g., Io. Chrys., hom. 2 F21 N o t a i n m a r g i n e c o d i c i s P a r i s i n i gr. 1 7 1 1 , p. 13 (ad t e x t u m G e o r g i i Syn3 AcppiKavoo-| e r t i t . . . t | <pnai q>ep[...] | (pax 'Evd>v_| E V f3[f3X.to | T63V dTtOKp<v)(pa)v>. 22 in Gen. 189,4-35). By this interpretation, Enosh could also be seen as a foreshadowing of Christ. While the name Enosh means 'man' in Hebrew, he was also called by the name 'God.' Mosshammer's punctuation, which removes the full stop before AcppiKavou, would attribute only the last sentence of this passage to Africanus (beginning with the words "thus also"). Because the meaning of the phrase 'the natural sense (Xoyoc,) of Africanus' is doubtful, the punctuation presented here follows Rouths text; cf. also Gelzer l,61f. Found in the margin of ms. A (= Parisinus gr. 1711), this notice originates in a note to one of Syncellus' lists of the early biblical patriarchs (20,26-29). Because the text is mostly illegible, Mosshammer did not include it in his edition. Gelzer did provide it in his planned edition of Africanus (Gelzer). While fragmentary, the text suggests Africanus' familiarity with the Book t . . . t ] Nt;a G e l z e r
m s

celh [20,29s M o s s h a m m e r ] )

| <par] 9duc, ? | dTtoKpu<pu>v Gelzer'

of Enoch.

46

Iulius Africanus F22

F22 The Years of Methuselah and the Names of the Sons of Cain

47

F22

G e o r g i u s Syncellus ( 2 1 , 1 - 8 M o s s h a m m e r ) iv TCO KaTaxXucpcp TEGVTJKE, rrepi ou A9pocav6c,TCOV T E

The Years of Methuselah

and the Names

of the Sons of Cain

'O yap MaQovoaka

For Methuselah died in the Flood, concerning whom Africanus wrote:


TCOV ECJJC,

O U T O C , dTtdvrcov i t A e i o v a x p o v o v 101, r ) u a q , EIC, exn Td cruuTtavTa ?)c;0'. r d x a


TI

rtpo auTou Kai

sic,

T h i s m a n l i v e d l o n g e r t h a n anyone else, b o t h those w h o p r e c e d e d h i m a n d those w h o s u c c e e d e d h i m u p to o u r t i m e , 969 years i n all. Perhaps his l o n g e v i t y has s o m e m e a n i n g , because o f the s u p r a m u n d a n e eighth day, t h e Lord's day. For he h a p p e n s t o be n u m b e r e d e i g h t f r o m the f i r s t . A n d w h a t he is l a c k i n g , this t h e S a v i o r has c o m p l e t e d i n o r d e r t o f u l f i l t h e m i l l e n n i u m , t h e p r i m a r y a n d the c o m p l e t e p e r i o d o f t i m e .
2 1

or|uaivi

TO

T t o X u x p o v i o v auTou 8 i d r f ] v
TOU

UTtEpKoauiov 6 y 5 o d 8 a K u p t a K i j v f ) u s p a v . 6 y 5 o o c , y a p d n o 5

a ' xuyxdvEt.

5'

uarepEt, xouxo rcpoc; d v a T t X f j p c o a i v Tfjc; xtXid6o<;, npcoxov u n d p x o v TtXfjpcoua, d v ETiXrjpcoasv 6 acoTfjp. Etta ipnoiv- s i a i xpsic; o u c o v u u i a t TTCOC; diro K d t v xoic, dno ZfjQ, cbq'Evcbx K a i M a OouodXa K a i AduEX-

Then he says: T h e r e are three descendants o f C a i n , whose names are i n a c e r t a i n w a y i d e n t i c a l w i t h those o f the descendants o f Seth, n a m e l y E n o c h , M e t h u selah a n d L a m e c h .

2 s - F 1 6 a , 1 2 ; T 1 6 o ; T16q,2-4 2s cf. Gen 5,27; Eus., chron. 38,22-26; 39,18s; 41,1s = Sync. 92,22s; 93,13s; 93,31s in ps. 118,164; Bas., hex. 2,8 (36,14-16) [A] 1 Ma9ouadXa Di. uaGouodXac. A 3 - 6 cf.Or.,sel.

7s cf. Gen 4,17-19; Philo, de posteritate Caini 40s

T 2 2 a Georgius Syncellus (20,5-13 M o s s h a m m e r ) Tco ,aooC T E I EyEvvnaev 'Evd>x T6V MaSouadXa. Ma8ouodXa yevouEvoc p^C ETOJV iyEvvnaE TOV Adu.E)(. Tui , a u v 5 ' ETEI TOU K d o p o u , Tivd 5E TCOV dvriypdfcov TCO p7t(' ETEI OUTOU MaflouadAa cpEpouoi Tf|v yEvvnaiv AdpEx- otc. Kai 6 AcppiKavoc, dKo\ou6r|aai; TCO ,PcTcjj3' E T E I T O U KOOpOU T O V ETtl N u J E KOTaKXuapOV EOTOlXELCOaev, dnsp ou 5OKEI nplv Uyiux; J x 5 Tcp ,|3ac;P'
ETEI TOU KOCJUOU T O V
E l v

T22a In the 1277


th

year, E n o c h begot Methuselah. When Methuselah was 167 years of age, he begot L a
th

mech. This was in A M 1454, but some of the manuscripts report the birth of Lamech in the 187 year of this Methuselah. With them is Africanus also in agreement, who reckoned t h e date o f
3

SOKEI

6E poi d AcppiKavdc, ^Q'

the F l o o d at t h e t i m e o f N o a h i n A M 2 2 6 2 . But this does not seem to us to be sound. For in my opinion Africanus reckoned the date o f t h e F l o o d i n A M 2262 because t h e 969-year d u r a t i o n o f Methuselah's l i f e b e g a n i n A M 1287 a n d c o n t i n u e d u p t o AM 2256, w i t h i n t h e p e r i o d o f 2262 y e a r s .
4

KaTaKXuopov OToixEicoaai 5 i d
TOU

T O TOUC;

xpo-

vouc, Tfjc, C^Tjc; M a O o u a d X a d p x o p E v o u c , drto yEiv


EIC, T O

,aaTt('
ETCOV.

ETOUC, T O U

K o a p o u Xrj-

,pavc;'

ETOC; T O U

Koopou

EVTOC; T U J V

,(3ai;(i'

3 - 7 F16b,2s; T16g,ls; T16o; T16q; T45.15-17 1 cf. Gen 5,21 I s cf. Gen 5,25 L X X [A] 6 ,aarcC G o a r
m

2s cf. Io. Chrys., hom. 21 i n Gen. 5 ( P G 53,181,23-25)


1

,aan^'A

7 ETOC, Goar ETOUC, A

1 2

Methuselah, the eighth patriarch from Adam, prefigures not only the Resurrection of Christ on the first day after the Jewish Sabbath, but also the end of the 7000-year millennial week. 969 (the age of Methuselah at the time of his death) added to 31 (the age of Jesus at the time of the Crucifixion) equals the perfect millennial number of 1000. For Africanus' dating of the Crucifixion of Jesus at age 31, see T93b. For Septuagint mss. reading 187 years, see Wevers 1974 ad loc. See above, T16g, n. 2.

3 4

48

Iulius Africanus

T22 T h e Years of Methuselah and the Names of the Sons of Cain

49

T 2 2 b G e o r g i u s Syncellus ( 1 3 1 , 7 - 1 6 M o s s h a m m e r )

T22b And Jared, who lived to age 962, will have outlived him by 13 yearsan opinion with which no one agrees. Therefore, to say that he was swept away with the others in the Flood does not necessarily mean that as a result he lived only 949 years. B u t n e i t h e r are we c o n v i n c e d b y A f r i c a n u s , who lah.
1

"EOTCU Si KaiTctpEo" paKpoPiiiTEpoc. aurou EXT] ry',

(fjaac, Tn, 67ip OU8EVI auprcEcpcbvnTai. 816-

rtp oii xpf\ 5 i d TO cpdvai auvarcoXa6ai a u r o v TOIC, EV T<I) KaraKXuapu), 8id TOUTO ?)p.8' pova rr| PEPiwKEvai.

M \ d

O U S E T<I>

^710' A e y o v T l T O U 5

AcppiKavw neiSoueGa npooTiBsvTi r d aura K ' M a G o u a d X a d v x i ?)2;6'. Xom6v oi\ Kpetooov Elvai 5OKEI rale,

Etn Kai Ka8' oXnv

adds o n these 2 0 years, a n d assigns 989 i n s t e a d o f 969 years t o M e t h u s e In my opinion, then, it is better for us to follow the sacred books used throughout the whole

Tf|v oiKoupevryv ErcopEvouc, iEpalq pipXoic, ^c,9' Xiyziv Tfjc. (<Df|<; MaOouadXa, Et Kai TOV KOTCIKXUOu6v urtppe(3r|Kv ETEOI IE', TOU 8EOU KOKEIVOV Tau>c, ii>c TOV 'Evcix, nEpiaiiaavToc, jtapaSo^toc Ka8' ouq OI8E rporcoDC, Kai Tonouc,.

world and assign 969 years to his life, even if it means that he survived the Flood by 15 years; for perhaps God kept him alive miraculously, as he did Enoch, through means and locations that only he knows.

3s - F16a,12; T16f,3-5;T16g,7s;T161; T 1 6 n , 2 - 4 [AB] 1 ry' Goar Ky' A B 2 cruva7toXo8ai B auvartoXX^aSai A 57topvaic,A emupevaic, B

F23
S y n c . : G e o r g i u s Syncellus ( 1 9 , 2 4 - 2 0 , 4 M o s s h a m m e r ) S y n c . : G e o r g i u s Syncellus (21,27 - 2 2 , 1 0 M o s s h a m m e r )
2 1

F23

The Circumstances

of the

Flood

nXrjGouc, d v 0 p d ) 7 t u ) v y E v o u i v o u E T I I tfjc, yfjc,

dyyEXoi

TOU

oupavou Guyaxpdaiv

W h e n h u m a n k i n d b e c a m e n u m e r o u s u p o n the e a r t h , angels o f heaven h a d i n tercourse w i t h d a u g h t e r s God'. o f m e n . I n some m a n u s c r i p t s , I f o u n d : 'the sons o f figuratively:


2

dvGpojTtcov

cruvfjXGov. E V E V I O I C , a v r i y p d c p o i c , Eupov- o i u i o i T O U G E O U .

uuGEUErai

6E, die, o l p a i - < o i U E V > a n d T O U 2 r ] G i m o r o u nveupaToc, o i u t o i G E O U Ttpoaayo-

yEVEaXoyoupsvouc, SiKaiouc, T E K a i n a r p i a p x a c , dxp i T O U aojTfjpoc;. T O U C , 8' d n o K d i v d v G p i u r a o v dnoKaXfil cmopdv, tbe, O U S E T I GETOV EaxrjKOTac. S i d n o v n p i a v yEvouc, K a i 8 i d T O Tfjc (puaewc, d v o p o i o v . EntutxGEVTurv
p s u o v r a i 5 i d T O U C , an aurou auTtbv r f ) v ctyavaKTriaiv norqaaaGai T O V GEOV.

I n m y o p i n i o n , t h i s is t o be u n d e r s t o o d

< t h e descendants>

o f Seth are c a l l e d ' t h e s o n s o f G o d ' by the S p i r i t , since the genealogies o f t h e r i g h t e o u s a n d the p a t r i a r c h s u p u n t i l the Savior are t r a c e d f r o m h i m . B u t t h e descendants o f C a i n i t designates as h u m a n seed, as h a v i n g h a d n o t h i n g d i v i n e because o f the w i c k e d n e s s o f t h e i r l i n e a n d the d i s s i m i l a r i t y o f t h e i r nature, so t h a t w h e n t h e y w e r e m i n g l e d together, G o d g r e w a n g r y .

test.:

1 inc. S y n c . [A]: AcppiKavou nepl T<iv ypny6pu)v

1-10 Sym. Log. (Leo Gr. [10,21 - 11,3 Bekker] = T h . Mel. [15,8-13 Tafel] = Iul. Pol. [60,18-62,4 Hardt]) Ol iyprjyopoi npdc rdc Ouyarspac TU>V dvBpdmujv Empiciav noinoduevoi yevvojoi TOUC, yiyavrac,, uavxeiac, r au (ovv Iul. Pol.) Kai yorjTEiac, avOpconoic eianyrfTai yevouevoi, in 8t (Kai Iul. Pol.) aarpovo^iiaq re Kai aorpoXoyiaq Kai redone. vynXfjc, Kai UETEtbpou Kivrjo(oc,, Kai Talc, yuvaiQ TOVTU)V dndvrwv TcapaScSwHOTEC. Ti|v yvaxjiv, elq aKpov iXOelv novnpiac. TOUC, dv9pu)Tcouc napeoKevaoav. 1 - 2 3 cf. S y m . Log. (Leo Gr. 10,21 - 12,5 = T h . Mel. 15,8 - 16,12 = Iul. Pol. 60,18 - 64,20) Iul. Pol. 62,7-22 I s cf. Gen 6,1s (in traditione manuscripta modo dyyEXoi modo uioi) 1 - 7 cf. 1 Syncellus' statement that Africanus lengthened the life of Methuselah from 969 to 989 years is a misunderstanding of Africanus' chronological system. The additional 20 years refer to the date when Methuselah begot L a m e c h (187 instead of 167), not the number of his years. 1 nXr|6ouc, G o a r
m

2 - 7 cf. Ios

ant. I u d . 1,73s; Or., Cels. 5,55,1-9; Proc. G . , i n G e n . 6 (86,5 - 87,10 Mai = P G 87/1.265C - 268C) TtXf|6oc, A 3 oi ptv Seal. 5 dnoKaXEi Goar drtoKaXEiv A 2

Lit.: 'this is related mythically.'

50

Iulius Africanus

F23 The Circumstances of the Flood

51

E i SE ETC' dyysXcov v o o r r o E X E I V T O U T O U C ; , T U J V rcepi uaysiac, Kai yor|Teia<;, E T I SE api9ud)v Kivijoecoc; TCOV pETEcbpcov talc; yuvai^i xrjv yvcboiv TrapaSeStuKEvai, 10 dep' civ ETtoir|aavTo nalSac, roue; ytyavTac., 61' ovc, Tfjc, KaKiac, emyEvopEvnc; Eyvco Ttav acpaviaai (cbcov yevoc; 6 0E6C; E V KaTaKXuoucjj, d7TtXfJ0ac; pK' Etn oi>x vmpPfjae00ai T O U C ; dv0pdmouc,. p.n5 voui(a9co tjJTr]ua Sid T O nXsiova vpovov Tivdc, uaTEpov (3icovai- T O yap SidoTnua T O U xpovou ysyovev EKaTov ETn pixpi TaKAuouofj KaTd Tcbv duapTcoXcbv TCTJV T O T E - f j o a v yap EiKoaasTEic;. 15 Tcp Ncoe Sid SiKaioouvtyv EuapsoTfjoavTi
KI^COTOV
T 0 U K a

B u t l e t us suppose t h e y refer t o 'angels'. T h e n i t was t h e y w h o t r a n s m i t t e d k n o w l e d g e a b o u t m a g i c a n d sorcery, as w e l l as the n u m b e r s o f t h e m o t i o n o f as t r o n o m i c a l p h e n o m e n a , to t h e i r w i v e s , f r o m w h o m they p r o d u c e d t h e giants as their c h i l d r e n ;


3

a n d w h e n d e p r a v i t y c a m e i n t o b e i n g because o f t h e m , G o d r e
4

solved t o d e s t r o y e v e r y class o f l i v i n g t h i n g s i n a f l o o d ,

after t h r e a t e n i n g t h a t

"

h u m a n k i n d w o u l d n o t l i v e b e y o n d 120 years. L e t i t n o t be c o n s i d e r e d a p r o b l e m because s o m e later l i v e d m o r e years t h a n that. F o r the i n t e r v a l o f t i m e i n v o k e d against t h e s i n n e r s o f t h a t age was 100 years u p t o the F l o o d ( f o r t h e y were 2 0 years o l d ) . T o N o a h , w h o w a s w e l l - p l e a s i n g t o h i m because o f h i s righteousness, God

UTTEOETO KaTaaKEudaai

0E6C;- Kai yevouvr|c, EiofjXBov sic; auTrjv auToc, T E N C O E Kai oi uioi, fj yuvij Kai ai vuutpat, Kai dno itavToc; c^coou cmapjj\ eic, 5iauovf]v T O U yEvouc;. fjv SE ETCOV E C / X ekr^e
TO

Koaicov 6 N C O E , 5 T E 6 KaTaKXuapoc; syEVETO. cbc, 8s

uScop, r) KI(3COT6C;

gave o r d e r s t o p r e p a r e a n a r k . A n d w h e n i t was c o m p l e t e d , there e n t e r e d i n t o i t N o a h h i m s e l f a n d h i s sons, his w i f e a n d t h e i r y o u n g wives, t h e f i r s t l i n g s from

iSpuOn era Td opn ApapdT, a r i v a i'auEV E V I l a p 9 i g , T I V E C ; SE E V KEAaivalc, Tfjc; 20 Opuyiac, s l v a i cpaaiv- E I S O V S E T O V T O T T O V EKdTspov. E7teKpdTr|0E Se 6 KaTaKXuaudc; eviauTov- K a i T O T E ecripdvOn f] yfj. o i 8e ei;fjX9ov Tfjc; KI(3COTOU Kara cruCuyivr\, euXoyouvTai T E

every l i v i n g t h i n g , i n o r d e r t o e n s u r e t h e s u r v i v a l o f t h e i r species. A n d N o a h was 600 y e a r s o f age w h e n t h e F l o o d o c c u r r e d . B u t w h e n the w a t e r receded, t h e ark c a m e t o rest o n the m o u n t a i n s o f A r a r a t , w h i c h we k n o w t o be i n P a r t h i a , but s o m e say t h e y are i n Celaenae o f P h r y g i a . I have seen b o t h places. The

yiac,, cbc; eaxiv eupetv, Kai oux 6v iafjX0ov Tponov Kara npoc, T O U Beov.

F l o o d p e r s i s t e d f o r a year. A n d t h e n t h e e a r t h became dry. A n d t h e y came o u t o f t h e a r k i n p a i r s , as c a n be d i s c o v e r e d , a n d n o t i n the same m a n n e r i n w h i c h they e n t e r e d , a c c o r d i n g t o species; a n d t h e y were blessed before G o d .

test.: Sync.

10
2

eyvco inc. Sync. [A]: A^piKavoO (marg.)

11

KaTaKAvoucp des. Sync. : dmcr-rov

23 des. Sync. : TOUTUIV |iev ovv EKOOTOV TCOV 8ia<pep6vrcov T I cmuaivei. 18-20 Io. M a i . 1,4 (7,86-92 T h u r n ) Merit TO navoai rdv KaraKXvoudv Kai ra (Soara Acocpfiaai evpeev roiq opeoiv Apapdr rr)c LJioiSiaq enap%iaq, fjonvoq eonv unrponoXiq

9rj aiirn f| Kipcoroc, Kadioaoa ypayaro Ylipyauoq

Anaptua (quae olim etiam KeAaivai vocabatur) Kai earn ra IfiXa avrfjq exei ewe rfjq vvv, coc ovve6 TlajifvXioq. Iwannoq Se Kai Evoefiioq 6 LTau<p(Xov Kai aXXoi xpovoypayoi i^ev

devro, on ra opn A p a p d r eonv eni rrjv Apueviav Kai uera^v lldpScov Kai 'Apueviwv Kai ASiaflnv&v. tcaKEi ZKaQioEv r) Kifiwroq. ps. Sym. f. 20 = Cedr. (20,18s Bekker) "On r a opq Apapdt lauev ev I l a p 8ia T^C Apueviaq elvac rivec, 5e 9aaiv, ev KeAaivalq xf\q ct>puy(a<;. TOIC rnpi Apxaiornroq ovrwq- fjq Kifiarov ra Xeiyava 19 Proc. G., in Gen. 8 (88,3-6 Mai = P G 87/1.285A, cf. Georg. Mon. 47,15-18) Ilepi Se rfjq KIPCOTOO <pnoiv 'luarptoc 6 'Efipaioc, ev uexpi vvv npoc anoSei^iv rcov yeyovdrwv 3 Africanus' account of the revelation of forbidden knowledge by the angels is first attested in I H e n 6-8, where the angels are also identified as 'Watchers.' This is also the way they are described in the parallel text from Symeon Logothete: 'The Watchers had intercourse with the 11-14 cf.Gen6,3 15-18 cf.Gen7,6-16 19 18s c f . G e n 8 , 4 1 8 - 2 0 cf. Io. Ant. fr. 2,17-23; E e l . daughters of men and begot the giants, after having introduced to humankind both divination and sorcery, as well as the motion of everything exalted and heavenly; in having transmitted knowledge of all these things to women, they caused humankind to reach the height of depra vity.' 4
1 2

SeiKvvrai ev opei Xeyopievwv A p a p d r , & rvyx&vei ava ueoov rfjq Apueviaq Kai IlapOiKrjc. x&paq Kara rfjv TOJV ASiaplnvwv yfjv.

Chron. 233,9-11; Mich. Syr. 2,1

cf. Ios., ant. Iud. 1,93-95 = Eus., praep. ev. 9,11 (= Berossus

Babylonius F G r H i s t 680 F4c; Hieronymus Aegyptius F G r H i s t 787 F2; Nicolaus Damascenus FGrHist 90 F 7 2 ) ; Theoph. Ant., Autol. 3,19,21s; Epiph., haer. 1,175,18; Eus., onomasticon 1,1; Eus., chron. 11,35 - 12,2; Sync. 31,28 - 32,1 2 0 - 2 3 cf. G e n 8,13-19 8 nayeiac] jiavTeiac Sym. Log. 11 dcpavtoai tjciwv yevoc 6 0e6c Sync. - (6 8. d. (. y.) Sync.

Sync. appends the word arciOTov ('not credible'). Since it is lacking in the repetition of the same text i n Sync. , it is most likely a gloss either by Syncellus himself or an earlier editor, meant to express disapproval of the notion that heavenly angels actually had intercourse with women, see also introduction p. X L I V .
2

19 iSpu6r| D i . ij8puv8qA

52

Iulius i

F24 The Pagan Gods

53

F24
F 2 4 a S y m e o n Logothetes (Leo GramF 2 4 b ps. f. 2 6
v

F24 S y m e o n (cod. 27
r

The Pagan

Gods

Par.

gr.

1712,

F24a

F24b

m a t i c u s [ 1 5 , 5 - 16,3 Bekker] = T h e o d o sius M e l i t e n u s [18,15 - 19,2 T a f e l ] )

= [inc.

a 1. 10]

Georgius

C e d r e n u s 28,20 - 2 9 , 1 2 ) AcppiKavoO-

From Africanus: F r o m the t r i b e o f S h e m arose a m a n the 5 race o f g i a n t s .


2

' E K SE tfjc; cpuXfjc; xov

Z r | | i dvEcpdvr] a v urtd xov

' E K tfjc cpuXfjc T O U Z f | | i dvcpdvr| dv9pu)Ttoc; yiyavToyEvric;, vnb wvouacOn Sk kn-

of the the

F r o m the t r i b e o f S h e m arose a m a n the race o f giants. H e was given

of the the to Se-

GpcoTtoc. yiYavToyevijc;, dvouaadeiq xov 5 Ttcrrpoc, Kpovoc; Etc; ETtcovupov

He

was

given

T O U Tiaxpoc; K p o v o c ; EIC; fdkv T O U itXavrJTOu Aaaupicov.

n a m e C r o n u s b y his p l a n e t o f that n a m e .
3

father, after

n a m e C r o n u s b y his

father, after

nXavrJTOu Sei^ev

d o t s p o c ; , 6c, Ttpcutoc; KOCTEKai fiao-dsvEiv Aaaupicov. Kai'PEU!6V, 6c;

cbvuuov

daTEpoc;, 6c;
EOYE

H e f i r s t revealed

p l a n e t o f t h a t name. He was the f i r s t r u l e the Assyrians. H e had a wife

apxeiv

TtpcoToc; ijpfev

5E

yu-

h o w to r u l e and exercise k i n g s h i p over the A s s y r i a n s .


4

OXE 8k y u v a t K a lEuipautv r r j v av K a X o u p i v n v , ki,

vaika ZEpipaLtiv Trjv K a i 'Vkav

raXou-

He had

a w i f e Semirahe

m i r a m i s , also called Rhea, f r o m w h o m he h a d a s o n w h o was s u r n a m e d Z e u s , also k n o w n as Picus, w h o m a r r i e d own sister H e r a . C r o n u s also h a d his two Afri

fjc;

EOXEV

p i v r | v , fit; rjc; gavEv uiov, 6c; ETtKXrj9r|


ZEUC,

mis, also called R h e a , f r o m w h o m had 10 a son who was


5

7iKXr|9r] Zeuc, 6 Kai niKoc,, yrjuac, xryv io i S i a v d6sXcpr|v " H p a v . Kai irspov KXrjpuaE vidv rtjv 6v6[iaxi
ECTYE

Kai
Svo Kai

IlfJKoc;, yrjuac; xryv


ECTYE

i6iav

surnamed

Zeus,

6 E Kpovoc; anskyn-

d6Xcpr|v " H p a v . krkpovq 'Acppoi,

5 E Kpovoc; Kat Kai

also k n o w n as P i c u s , w h o m a r r i e d his o w n sister H e r a . C r o n u s also h a d o t h e r son named Afer,


6

'Acppov, &> yfjv oc,

viovc,Nivov.

'Acppov kh] ov 6 'Acppov

an he

o t h e r sons: Afer, after w h o m the

npdq AiBvnv

yrjftac;

to

whom

are n a m e d , and N i n u s . A f t e r m a r r y i n g

a l l o t t e d the l a n d i n t h e d i r e c t i o n o f L i bya. He m a r r i e d A s t y n o m e , test. F24a: 2 Zf)p + ibc, (pnoiv AcppiKavoc, 6 oocpuYraToc, Vat. gr. 163, f. 5 5 Leo. Gr. marg. die, tpnoiv Acpptxavbc, 6 aotparraToc, test. F24b: 10s inc. Cedr.: d>c 8e A<ppiKav6c, cpnoi, Kai etepov u!6v oxe 6 Kp6voc. TOV 'Acppov KTX. 1 2-10 Io. M a i . 1,8 (9,47- 10,62 Thurn)'EK Si Tfjc amfjq (puXfjq TOO Sqp Tijc KpaTnoaorjc, Tr)vZvpiav xai Trjv TlepalSa Kai ra Xoind uiprj rfjq avaroXfjq rov a' viov Noi iyevvrjdr] Kai dvecpdvr| dv9pu>rcoc YiYavTOYEvrjc ovofiari Kpovoc, imKXnBeiq dno Aauvib TOO iSiov avrov naxpoc eic TI;V inwvvjiiav TOU TtXavfJTou dorepoc. iyivcro apxeiv Kai Kpartiv KaXoupevpv napa iKXfjdr] Zeuc Si <5KVTOC OVTOC, doric npuitoc KaTeSei^ev TO fiamXcvav fjroi T<iv dXXajv dv9painajv. ... ovroc, eivev yuvaiKa rr)v Zepipapiv rnv Kai 'Peav Aoovpiotc Sid TO avrrjv zlvou vnepfjepavov Kai <UaC"dva. f)v Se Kai avrn ex rfjc 2 aaxipoq. eoxev Si xai aAAov vidv d aiirdq Kpovoq In ps. Symeon, the heading of the entire passage is AcppiKavoO. In Cedrenus, the attribution to Africanus cl>c 6E AcppiKavoc cpnci ('as Africanus says') appears before the account of the birth of Afer. Among the Logothete group, the words uiq cpnaiv AcppiKavoc 6 oocpuiTaroc ('as the most learned Africanus says') appear in a marginal note to 1. 5 in Leo Grammaticus, at the beginning of the text in the codex Vat. gr. 163. John Malalas, who has a version of the story, quotes D i o dorus Siculus as his source in the context of the death of Zeus-Picus (Io. Mai. 1,13 [14,49-52 Thurn] = Diod. Sic. 6, fr. 5). Because the eastern part of the inhabited world, including Assyria and Babylonia, was allocated to Shem (see, for example, Leo Gr. 14,22 - 15,1), Cronus and his descendants belong to the tribe of Shem. The description of Cronus as a 'giant' may be connected with the biblical N i m rod, the legendary giant and founder of Babylon (Gen 10,8f), who is also sometimes identified as a descendant of Shem (against Gen 10,6), see Io. Mai. 1,7. Cf. Io. Mai. 1,8, which identifies Cronus' father as 'Damno'; in the Chron. Pasch. 65,3, he is named 'Damnos.' Cf. Eus., chron. 30-35; Sync. 109,16, which list 'Belus' as the first king of Babylon and the father of Ninus. For the identification of Belus as Cronus, see Eus., praep. ev. 9,17,9 (quoting Alexan der Polyhistor). O n the identification of the Roman god Picus with Zeus, see also, for example, Sync. 200,14-16. 'Afer' is thus the eponymous father of the Afri (Africans'). Cf. Cleodemus Malchus (in Ios., ant. Iud. 1,239,4-8), who identifies him with Afer, son of Midian and grandson of Abraham and Keturah (Gen 25,1-4). Cf. Gelzer 1,70, who suggests a possible connection between the mentioned Astynome and the Phoenician mother goddess Astronoe.
y 7

a n d begot

avrfjc cpvXfjq TOV Zrju, viov Naie. icrj(v Si 6 Kpovoq uidv dvopari LUKOV Soriq and TWV yoviwv Svofia Kai amdc TOV nXavrjmv 10-14 dvofiart Nivov Kai Qvyaripa Si io%ev ovo^ari "Hpav. IXaB-ev Si yvvaiKa LJiKoq 6 Kai Zevq Tf)v iSiav avrov dSeXeppv rf\v"Hpav ovouan. Io. Mai. 1,9 (10,71-76 Thurn) Kai epeivev (sc. Kpdvoc) ovopan
TWV

Kparcvv Kai ficcoiXzvwv rfjq Svoewq ndonq 'irr\ noXXa Kai eoxev KEI yvvaiKa 'eoxev uiov d v o u a T i 'Acppov, cinvi eSwKe Tf|v A<ppoq, ooriq iydpnoe 1. 38-43). 2s cf. G e n 10,21s; Io. Mai. 1,7 6,1-3; Georg. M o n . 11,17- 12,8 Io. Mai.)

0iXvpav, i f fjq 3 4

npdc

Aipunv yfjv Kai tKpdrei

iKei fiaotXevwv 6 (* vide infra ad

Tfiv Aoruvdpnv eK rfjq Aaxepiaq vijoov Kai iyevvnoe GuyaTEpa, fjv EKOXEOEV

Acppo6iTr|V eiq dvoua Kai avrrjv rov nXavryrov doripoq rfjq ovpaviaq AfpoSirrjq...

2-10 cf. Io. Ant. fr. 4,1-19; Chron. Pasch. 64,19 - 65,16; Io. Nic. 1 0 - 1 4 cf. Io. Ant. fr. 4,22-26; Chron. Pasch. 66,5-11 (omnes ex

5 6

5a nAdvnToc T h . Mel. | npdrroc + nota marginalis Leo. Gr. vide supra 7a Zepipdpnv Th. Mel. 11 'Acppov] Acppov Sym. Log. corr. Bekker Tafel TOV 'Acppov Cedr. 12b Kai Nivov < Cedr. | 6 Acppov ps. S y m . oc Cedr.

54 fie rrjv A a r u v o p n v , yevvrjaac, ei;

Iulius Africanus avrfjq AaTuvopnv, AmpoSiTnv. 'O S E K p 6 v o c , i^wOsiq xf\q PaaiAdac, imo
TOU

F24 The Pagan Gods inoinoE 0uyaTpa xr\v f r o m her a d a u g h t e r w h o m he c a l l e d


8

55 a daughter A p h

A s t y n o m e , Afer h a d rodite.

6uyctTpa, f]v iK&Aecev 15 ac, Aia D

AcppoStrnv. ftaaiAEi-

Aphrodite. 15 When

Se K p o v o c , i^waOeic; xt)c TOO iSiou u i o u vlovq

C r o n u s was

forced out

of

When

C r o n u s was

forced out

of

UTTO

Aide, KCXXEXITTE [lexa rfjq

i S i o u u i o u Aioc,

KOTIOJV

EV

Tfj

his k i n g d o m b y his o w n son Zeus, he left b e h i n d h i s sons Zeus a n d N i n u s t o reign over the
9

his k i n g d o m by his o w n son Zeus, h e moved away to the West a n d took

Kai NTvov, ocvr&v

avrov,

SUOEI

KpctTEi Tfjc, 'iTaAiac,.

pinrpoq

'Peaq ^aaiXeveiv

'Aaovpi-

Assyrians w i t h Cronus himself

their moved and

c o n t r o l o f Italy.

uv- cxi)Toq Se Katicbv sv xfj SuaEi Kpatet 20 Kai fSaoiXsvei Zevq ouv ndanqTxaXiaq. v)Ttoxcopr|aac;
TOJV

mother Rhea. away to the

West, t o o k c o n t r o l ,

Aa-

Elra

b ZEVC,

OUV

u7Toxa)pf|aac, npbq

TCOV

became k i n g o f a l l Italy. Zeus, t h e n , w i t h d r e w f r o m the A s syrians a n d c a m e to his father. A n d allowed h i m 25 And after to be king he Zeus, t h e n , w i t h d r e w f r o m the A s syrians and came to his father. A n d he

aupiarv napeyevexo

Ttpoc, T O V Ttatepa-

Aaaupicov

napayivErai

T6V

6 SE TtapaxcopeT a u r a ) (3aciAUiv mxonq 25 'iTOAiac;, Kai Kparrjoaq


TCOAAOIC,
EV

naTEpa' 6 5 E TtapavupEi auTuj paaiXeuEiv rfjc, 'ITaAiac,, Kal TTOXXOIC, /iaoiXsvoaq elra
ETEOI

o f all Italy. several


10

a l l o w e d h i m to be k i n g o f Italy. A n d after r e i g n i n g for several years, he t h e n d i e d a n d was b u r i e d i n Crete.

T0"i Kai TeAEuTfjaac, KaxarOETai Kpn-rn-

TeAEUTriaac, KaTaTi-

controlling

i t for

6sTai EV Kpr]TT|.

years, he d i e d a n d was b u r i e d i n Crete.

1 5 - 2 0 - F 3 4 . 4 9 - 5 3 ; Io. Mai. 1,9 (10,66-71 Thurn) 'O Si nponarwp Kpovoc, iaaaq rdv iavrov vibv n~mov ivrfj Acxovpia Kal rrjv iavrov yvvaiKa'Peav rrjv Zep.ipap.iv pera IHKOV rod Kai Aide uloO av rov Kai XaBibv noXXfjv BoijSeiav 6%Xov avdpdmwv yevvaicov anfjXdev em xr\v Svaiv aBaoiXevxov oioav, fit) Kpaxovpivnv vnd nvoq KeXevovroq, Kai EKpdrnoE rQv SvriKwv pep&v acpavtjq EK rfjq 'Aaovploc yevbuevoq. 21 - 2 5 Io. Mai. 1,10 (11,89-97 Thurn) Mera Si TO BaoiXevoai rbv TTIKOV TOV Kai Aia rfjq Aooupiac rn X' iaaaq Kal avrbq rrjv iavrov uirripa Kai rrjv "Hpav rfjv iavrov dSeXffjv Kai yvvaiKa Kai noifjoaq rdv iavrov vidv BfjXov BaoiXia rfjq Aaovpiaq anfjXdev tnl rt)v Siioiv Ttpoc. T6V iavrov T i a T e p a TOV Kpdvov ... d Si Kpdvoq iwpaKwq rdv iSiov avrov vidv Uimv rdv Aia iXBdvra npdq avrdv iv rfj Svoei TtapEx<<)pnoEV aurai rrjv BaoiXeiav rfjq Svoewq ... Kai (3aoiAU0E rfjq Svoeaq fjroi x(\q1ra\iaqdTliKoq6 KalZevqaXXaern25s Io.Mal. 1,13 (13,45 - 14,52Thurn) MeXXwv Si TEAEUTOV 6 avrbq TliKoq b Kal Zevq iKiXevoe rb Xeiyavov avrov xayfjvai iv Tfl Kprjtn vfjow. Kal Kriocxvrtq avrw vabv ol avrov naiSeq edr/Kav avrdv iv rfj Kpt)rrj vfj&a) iv pvtjuari, onep pvfjpa fjv ev rfj avrfj Kptjrrj, Keirai S' ecoq rod napdvroq, iv d> imyiypanw evOdSe Keirai davav TliKoq d Kai Zevq, bv Kal Aiav KaXovmv. nepl ov ovveypayaro AibS(opoq d oofdraroq xpomypaipoq, dq Kal iv rfj hcBiaei xov avyypapparoq avrov xov nepl deav elnev, on Zevq, b rov Kpdvov vidq, iv rfj Kpfjrr) Keirai. 15-20 cf. Io. Ant. fr. 4,20-22; Chron. Pasch. 65,19 - 66,3 (omnes ex Io. Mai.); Exc. Barb. 234,25 236,3 21 - 26 cf. Io. Ant. fr. 4,29-32; Chron. Pasch. 66,15 - 67,3 (omnes ex Io. Mai.); Exc. Barb. 236,4-22 24 - 26 cf. Theoph. Ant., Autol. 1,10,12s; Tat., orat. 27,1; Io. Ant. fr. 6.2,4-13; Chron. Pasch. 80,1-10 (ambo ex Io. Mai.) 15b Su>8etc ps. Sym. e!;u>a6Eic, Cedr. + Tfj Cedr. 16b Kcmtbv ps. Sym. KcrrA8drv Cedr. 21b ouv < Cedr. 26b EV

8 9

The passage interprets the meaning of the name Aphrodite as 'born to Afer (= A9P0C,)'. For Africanus' discussion of the Assyrian kingdom after Ninus, see F34.49-53, T49a.b, and 11. 27-31 below. 10 The tradition according to which Zeus was buried in Crete was wide-spread in antiquity; it may originate in Euhemerus, see Winiarczyk 2002,35-43.

56

Iulius Africanus

F24 The Pagan Gods

57

Metct 5e NTvov s|3aatXeuov A o a u picov O o u p a c , , ov iierwvouaaav cbc, TtoXsuiKcbxaTov


30

M E t d 8E N I V O V (3aaiXeuaEV A a oupicov oupac,, 6 Kai 'Apr/q KXrjdeic, cue, iroXEpiKOTatoc,. TOVTOV oi Aooupiot Kai 30 B d a X 9 E O V r] BfjX psTuvo^daavrec; dvaaxrjXcoaavTec; OEfSovrat. Mfitd SE Tr)v Aioc, TXUTr|V O a u voc, 0 vibe, ai>Tou efiaoiXEUOEv, Sc. uTcovopda0n 'Eppfjc,- rjv y a p XoyicoxaT O C 7tdv\) Kai pa9npaTiKOC,- oc; Kai xf|v 35 T O U XPUODU TtoiT|0lV ECpEUpEV EK pETaXXcov dv9pd)Ttoic,. "H UEVTOI AcppoSirrj KiXrj Xeyouevn viw XoyiKt) Kai noi y a p f | 9 n T U > A6coviSi rat

After

N i n u s , the k i n g o f the Assy


11

A f t e r N i n u s , the k i n g o f the A s s y r i ans was T h u r a s , also k n o w n as A r e s , since he w a s e x t r e m e l y w a r l i k e . T h e Assyrians r e n a m e d h i m as a g o d w i t h the n a m e Baal, o r Bel, a n d after erec ting a m o n u m e n t to h i m , worshipped him. A f t e r t h e death o f Zeus, Faunus h i s son b e c a m e k i n g , w h o was r e n a m e d H e r m e s . H e was exceedingly e l o q u e n t and f o n d o f l e a r n i n g ; he also discover ed for m a n k i n d the art o f m a k i n g g o l d f r o m metals. H o w e v e r , A p h r o d i t e , said t o be i n t e l l e c t u a l a n d sophisticated, was m a r r i e d t o A d o n i s the s o n o f Cinyras; h e t o o was a p h i l o s o p h e r . I t is r e p o r t e d that t h e t w o o f t h e m l i v e d together u p t o the t i m e o f t h e i r deaths p r a c t i c i n g philosophy.
12

'Apsa ovrauerwvo^a-

rians was T h u r a s ,

whom

they re

xal yevvaiov

n a m e d Ares, since h e w a s extremely w a r l i k e and brave. T h e Assyrians re n a m e d h i m as a g o d w i t h t h e name Baal, a n d after e r e c t i n g a m o n u m e n t to h i m , w o r s h i p p e d h i m .


1 2

ov oi A o c r u p i o i BdaX 9 E O V Msra

oav K a i dvaaTnAujoavTEc, a|3ovTai. S e T T | V TOV Aioc, T E X E U T T I V Oauvoc, uioc; auTou EfSaofXEUosv, 6c; pETcovoudaGn 'Eppfjc,- rjv y a p XoytcoTa35 roc, Ttdvi) K a i paBnuariKOC,- banc, K a i tr)v tov xpvoov 7toir|0iv ecpefjpev E K pETdXXwv ctvGpcbTiotc,.

A f t e r the death o f Z e u s , Faunus his son became k i n g , w h o w a s renamed H e r m e s . He was e x c e e d i n g l y eloquent and f o n d o f l e a r n i n g ; h e also discover ed for m a n k i n d the a r t o f m a k i n g g o l d f r o m metals.

T O U K i v u p o u , 9iXoa6cpa) o v t t Kai 40 iaro-

aura}- ouc, Kai &xpt 9 a v d T o u cpiXoaocpouvxaq auv dXXrjXoic, Picooat pouoi.

27-37 Io. M a i . 1,12-14 (12,19 - 14,56 Thurn) Merct Se NIvov efSaoiXeuaev Aaaupicov oupac. < v 5 S<uan, ovriva pexeKaXeoev 6 TOVTOV narnp Zd\inq, d Tfjc. Viae aSeXifdq, eiq ovopa TOV nXavf/rov aoTipoq 'Apea. OVTOC eyeveTO mxpbq noXeuiorfjq, dortq InoXiunaev ini TO. apKT&a uepn. ... dmvi "Ape'i dveoTnoav npcoTtjv OTijXnv oi Aoovptoi Kai ibq 8edv npooeKvvovv avrov, ov Kai Scoq vvv KaXovai nepmarl TOV B d a X 9EOV, 5 tarn ipunvevouevov Apnq noXeuwv deoq. ... loxtv Se 6 avrdq UIKOC 6 Kai Zeiiq u/dv ovopaTi <J>auvov, 5v Kai 'Epufjv iKdXeoev eiq ovoua TOV nXavrJTov denepoq. ... perd 5e rf|v TeXeuTr|v UIKOV TOV Kai Aioc. EpaoiAeuOEv 6 autoO uioc. <l>auvoc. d Kai Epufjq Tfjq'haXiaq irn Xe', bq by avnp navovpyoq Kai pa8npaTiKOi;- OOTIC. e<pr|0pev rd petaXAov TOU xpuoou ev Tfj SUCTEI Ttpiiroc. K a i T O x ^ v E U e t v . 38-43 Io. Mai. 1,9 (10,75-78; 11,86 Thurn) ... (-+ vide supra ad 1. 10-14) AmpoSirnv . . . <piX6aocfov yevouevnv, rjrtq EyapnGri Ao'uraSn T<B uitp TOU Kivupou Adnva'up, K a i auT<i 9 1 X 0 0 6 9 4 ) , EK rfjq oiKeiaq amov Bvyarpoq.... XiyovTai Se duov nepi<piXooo(prjKevai uexpiqQa.va.Tov. 27-31 cf.Io.Arit.fr.6.1;Chron.Pasch.68,l-ll;Georg.Mon.l3,4-10(omnesexIo.Mal.) 32-37 cf.Io. Ant. fr. 6.2,14-24; Chron. Pasch. 80,11-16 ( o m n e s ex Io. Mai.); Exc. Barb. 238,3-5 38-43 cf. Io. Ant. fr. 4,26-28; Chron. Pasch. 66,11-13 (omnes ex Io. Mai.).
28 o u p a c . ps. Sym. Cedr. Routh ouppac, Sym. Log. | peTurvdpaaav Leo Gr. pETOvopdoavTEC. Th. Mel. 30b fj ps. Sym. fJTOi Cedr. 32b TOU Aibq Cedr. 34s\oyiTaTOC,] XoyiKtoTaTOC, Cedr. 35s rr|v ... tcpeupEv] T O U xpuoou Tr|v cpuoiv E^Eupsv Cedr. 38 AcppoSirnc ps. Sym. 11 The name 'Thuras' is probably derived from the Greek word 6oupoc ('furious'), one of the Ho meric epithets for Ares (see II. 5,507; 24,498). 12 'Ares' is probably an interpretatio Graeca of the early Assyrian king Areios'. For the dates and reign of Areios, see Eus., chron. 30,36 (from Castor of Rhodes), Sync. 117,20, and especially Chron. Pasch. 68,2-4. For further discussion, see Routh 409f, n. ad loc. 13 While unattested in the Symeon Logothete tradition, the narrative concerning Aphrodite and Adonis appears both i n the ps. Symeon tradition and in John Malalas' description of the gods of paganism (itself based on Africanus). Routh 264f attributes the notice also to Africanus.

58 F25

Iulius Africanus

F25 From the Division of the Earth to Abraham's Migration

59

S y m e o n Logothetes (Leo Grammaticus [20,16-20 Bekker] = Theodosius

F 2 5 From

the Division

of the Earth to Abraham's

Migration

M e l i t e n u s [ 2 2 , 1 - 3 Tafel])
'Oporj T o i v u v yfveTcu erii uexpi Tfjc TtapoiKeaiac, ASpadu r o o a u r a . 6 Siauepiauoc, Tfjc yfjc, yeyove rfj Altogether, then, the years up to the migration of Abraham are the following: The division of the earth occurred at the beginning of the days of Peleg. From the division of the earth, there are 6 1 6

ctpxfi TUJV iju-Epcrv <t>aXeK. arco 5k TOU Siauepiopou Tf|<; yfjc, T T ] ,X .'> * ^
< Tt

tc

T 0 U

KaraKXuauoO EXt]

XtXia 6Karc8VT, dno Se A S d u ETT) x p i a x i X i a 6 i a K o a i a ( 3 5 o p f | K o v x a ETCxd.

years. From the Flood there are 1015 years, from Adam 3277 years.

Is - F16c,5 (ann. 2661)

2s - F16b,2 (ann. 2262) 3 - * T6,6; F16d,5s; T16m

1 T r | . . .Tfi < T h . Mel. 2 dpxfi Leo Gr. dpxf] T h . Mel. | ,xic/ T h . Mel. ,ac' Leo Gr.

F26

G e o r g i u s Syncellus ( 1 1 4 , 1 - 2 4 M o s s h a m m e r )

F26

Abraham
2

in Egypt, Lot's Land and the Dead

Sea

AcppiKavouA L U O U KaxaoxovToc, xrjv yr)v xr\v X a v a v i x i o a KaxfjX0v EIC, Ai'yuTtxov A(3pa-

From Africanus:

W h e n a f a m i n e g r i p p e d the l a n d o f C a n a a n , A b r a h a m w e n t d o w n t o E g y p t . Fearing t h a t he m i g h t be k i l l e d o n a c c o u n t o f the beauty o f his w i f e , he m a d e a plan t o p r e t e n d t o be h e r brother. A n d P h a r a o h ( f o r this is the n a m e t h a t E g y p tians use t o m e a n 'kings') t o o k her f o r h i m s e l f w h e n she was c o m m e n d e d w i t h his h o u s e h o l d . I n C a n a a n , t h e shepherds o f A b r a h a m a n d L o t were i n dispute, a n d b y m u tual consent t h e y separated. L o t chose t o live i n S o d o m because o f the f e r t i l i t y and b e a u t y o f the l a n d ; i t h a d five cities, S o d o m , G o m o r r a h , A d m a h , Z e b o i i m , and Segor, a n d as m a n y kings. The f o u r n e i g h b o r i n g kings o f the Syrians m a d e war w i t h t h e m , l e d b y C h e d o l a o m e r k i n g o f E l a m . They m e t b y t h e Salt Sea, w h i c h is n o w c a l l e d the D e a d Sea. to h i m . A n d whereas he was punished b y G o d , A b r a h a m , n o w e n r i c h e d , d e p a r t e d

dp, xai.

56icbc, 5e pf| 6 i d x o KdXXoc, xfjc y u v a i K o c . dvaipEGji, dSfiXcpoc, Eivai O K E T C X E 7taive6iaav 5e t i y d y E X o Oapacb (ouxco y a p A i y i m x i o i xoix; fSaaiXfilc, E p p t ] -

5 V E U O U O I ) , K a i 6 pv 8iKaq E X I O E X<I> OEOJ, 6 6' a p a xoic, iSioic, A(3padp f|8r| trXouxcbv d n n X X d o a E x o . 'Ev X a v a d v 8iTtXr|Kxiaavxo rcoipEVEc; x o u X E A ( 3 p a d p K a i x o u Acox, K a i 56c;a v r o c , auxolc, xcopio0r|aav, E X O U E V O U Atbx e v EoSopoic, O I K E I V 6 I ' dpxf|v K a i KdXXoc. xfjc, yfjc, xouor|c; T I E V X E TtoXeic;, S 6 6 o p a , T o p o p p a , 'ASapa, Z(3cuip, Z r | 10 y i u p , K a i x o a o u x o u c , paaiXsic,. xouxoic, o i itXriaioxcopoi XEaaapEC, (3aoiXlc, Z u p a r v ETtoXEpnoav, (Lv r j v E i x o X o 5 o X X a y o p o p paaiXeuc, A i X d p . auvJ3aXXov 6 E r t a p d xr)v 0 d X a a a a v x f | v dXiKtjv, f) K a X a x a i vuv GdXaxxa VEKpd.

7-12

ps. S y m . f. 31 = Cedr. (51,5-14 Bekker) AcppiKavou- (< Cedr.) "On 6 Acbr x^piaSeiq TOV AB-

paapi KOCTWKnoev eiq ZoSoua Si' dpeTfjv Kai KdXXoc Tfjc, Yfjc, exouar|c TIEVTE rtoXsic,, SoSoua Tdpoppa A S a u a 2eBor)v (leSdl'v Cedr.) K a i Zriycip, Kai TOOOUTOUC, BaaiXeic,. TOUTOIC, oi 7tXr|ai6xci>poi Tecroapec, BaaiXeic, Zupcov enoXeur|cav, civ rjyEiTO XoSoXXoyouop BaaiXeuc 6 AiXdu (IXdu Cedr.). ouveBaXov SE rcapd rqv GdXaoaav rf|v dXiKijv, f) ( K a i Cedr.) KaXeiTai vuv OdXacaa VEKpd, nXelaTa Oaupdaia ixovca, & iycb 9eaadu.r|v. (wov TE yap oiiSev EKEIVO cppi TO uScop, K a i v e K p d pEv adiftaTa u7to(3pu(yivovrai ps. Sym.), (div S E riq O U S ' av paSicoc. BarrriaaiTO. ( K a i Cedr.) Xuxvoi 6e (piv 1 The dates provided in large print accurately represent the chronology of Africanus. For his da ting of Abrahams migration i n A M 3777 and the Flood in A M 2262 (3277 - 1015), see F16d, 3-6. 2s cf. Gen 12,10; Iub 13,10 Gen 3-5 cf. Gen 12,11-17; Iub 13,13; Ios., ant. Iud. 1,162-164 7 - 2 2 cf. p s . Eust., i n hex. 761B-D 5-10 cf. 2 13,1-11; Iub 13,14-17; Ios., ant. Iud. 1,170 1 0 - 1 3 cf. G e n For the division of the earth i n the first year of Peleg's life, A M 2661 (3277 - 616), see F16c,5f. Although the endpoint of this excerpt, consisting of several parts, is not clearly demarcated in the text of Syncellus, its contents can be verified from parallel material preserved in the secon dary witnesses to the tradition (Cedrenus, ps. Eustathius and ps. Symeon). T h e recollection of a [AB] 3 Se < A 5eno"eA a i T i o e B 7 SLETtXnKTioavTO A 8ie7tXr|KTfjaavTo B 9 aeBcoeiu A B rjeBorjv personal visit to the vicinity of the Dead Sea is also consistent with Africanus' own documented interest in autopsy and travel, see F23.19-24; F46.52-55. ps. Sym. 11 CTUVEBOAXOV A B cruveBaXov ps. Sym. Xia yivcrai

Cedr.) K a i o u E v o i uev (< Cedr.) Emcpepovrai, aSevvuuevoi SE KaraSuouaiv.

14,1-10; Iub 13,22; Ios., ant. I u d . 1,171-175

60 'Ev TauTT| TtAEicnra


TO 15 TCOV

Iulius Africanus

F26 Abraham in Egypt, Lot's Land and the Dead Sea

61

Gaupaaicov Te9sauai. (cocov T E -yap ouSsv


(COVTEC; UEV

SKEIVO

cpspei

I n this sea, I have w i t n e s s e d a great m a n y m a r v e l l o u s t h i n g s . For that b o d y o f w a t e r sustains n o l i v i n g t h i n g . Corpses are c a r r i e d beneath its depths, b u t t h e l i v i n g w o u l d not easily even d i p under i t . L i g h t e d torches are b o r n e u p o n i t , b u t w h e n t h e y are e x t i n g u i s h e d t h e y sink. I n that place are t h e springs o f b i t u m e n ; a n d i t produces a l u m a n d salt, somewhat different f r o m o t h e r k i n d s i n that t h e y are b i t t e r a n d translucent. A n d wherever y o u c a n f i n d f r u i t , i t turns o u t rather t o consist o f the m o s t f o u l smoke. B u t the water is m e d i c i n a l for those w h o use i t . A n d i t drains i n a w a y different f r o m all o t h e r water. For i f it d i d n o t have the Jordan River as n o u r i s h m e n t f l o w i n g t h r o u g h i t l i k e p u r p l e dye and h o l d i n g o u t for a l o n g t i m e , i t w o u l d have d r a i n e d m o r e q u i c k l y t h a n i t fills. A n d there is b y i t a v e r y large c r o p o f balsam. It is b e l i e v e d t h a t the sea was made sterile b y G o d because o f the

uScop, K a i veKpoi
XUYVOI

UEV

uTro|3puxioi 9EpovTai,

8k oi>8' av paSicoc; (3anTiSE

aaLVTO.

8k Kai6|ivot

ETticpspovTai, aftevvVJuEvoi
TE

KaTaSuouaiv.

' E v T a O 0 d Eioiv ai Tfjc; docpdXTOu Tmyai- 9pi SE OTurrTripiav Kai dXac;, 6Xi-

yov

T I TCOV

dXXcov SiacpEpovra- rciKpd


TE

yap kaxi Kai 5iauyf|. v 9 a 5' dv KapTtoc,


T O SE

EupeGfj
20

K & T C V O U TTXEOV

EuptaKETai OoXspcoTdTOV).

tiScop IdTai

TOUC;

xpcopiEIXE T O V

vouc; auTcp, X f j y a

r c a v d i5SaTi r t d a x o v Td Evavda.

si SE uf] ' I o p S d v n v

TioTaudv Tpo9fiv cbc; Ttopcpfjpav SurrpExovTa Kai 9dxTov fj cpaivsTai.


SE E O T I SE

E T I I TCOXU

dvTExovTa,fiXniJEvdv

nap' aurfj TtdtiTtoXu T O O PaXaduou COUTOV. imovoEirai


9EOU

dvaTETpd99ai vnb mv

5 i a Tf]v

TCOV

TtEpioiKoVJ VTCOV daEJkiav.

1 3 - 15 norrovYxai.

ps. Eust., in hex. (59,26-30 AUatius = P G 18,761C)'P<(0'vTCYdp in' avTfj vExpol Se KaraSvvovm16-22
r v

(CDVTEC

av&pwnoi Si Kara-

ava/ikvaravovai-

Kai Xdxvoi Sk KCUOUEVOI ETCicppovTai, a^ecdevTeq

i m p i e t y o f the n e i g h b o r i n g peoples.

ps. Sym. f. 3 1 - 3 1 = Cedr. (51,14-23 Bekker) 'EvtaOBd eicnv a i tfjc. dacpdXrou

Ttnyai. cpipei Sk cmmTnpiav K a i aXac. dXiyov T I Tciv aXXcov SiacpEpovra- rcucpd TE yap eiai Kai Siauyfj. v 0 a 6"' dv KapTtdc. eupESfj, KartvoO nXiov EupiaKETai SoXEpcoTdrou (ovSiv Cedr.). TO Si uScup latai TOUC; xpwpevouc, autcl> (ailrd ps. Sym.), Xnyei TE TCOVT'I uSari rcdaxov r d i v a v r i a . EI 6E p.f| 'IopSdvqv EIXEV d ronoq Tpocpqv cbc. Ttopcpupav 6iaTpxvra Kai im noXu d v T E x o v r a , Xn,cev dv SdTTOv p cpaivErai. imi 8k reap' avrrfl ndpnoXu rd |3aXcjdu.ou cpurdv. OrcovoEiTai Si dvaTETpd90ai urtd TOU 8EOU 8id Tf|v Tcbv TtepioiKouvTcuv do(3eiav.

[AB.]

13 ( u x o v AB (cjov ps. Sym. 15

13s cpspei T6 iidcop B ps. Sym. ~ A |

14 VEKpoi...cppovTai AB 14s (5arfrf19s Tdv

V E K p a UEV 0"cop.aTa UTto(3puxia ytvovrai ps. Sym. a a i v T o A PaTrrfjaaivTO B 16 v r a u 9 a + 6E A 7ioTap6v AB airriqv B | TOO AB 6 T6TIOC ps. Sym. T 6 ps. Sym.

CCBVTEC 6E AB (civ Si TIC ps. Sym.

Xuxvoi Sk K a i d p E v o i piv B ps. Sym. Xuxvoi pev K a i o p E v o i 8E A 19 auric A Cedr. aiird B ps. Sym. 8iarpEcpovTa ante corr. A
C

16s dXiyov A ps. Sym. dXiycov B 20 SiarpExovra A B

21 auTfj A ps. Sym.

T27

G e o r g i u s Syncellus (113,25s M o s s h a m m e r )
TIVEC;

T27

The Toponym

Gerar

AfSpadp TtapcpKnaev iv TEpdpoic, fjv

AoKaXcovd 9aaiv elvai, cbc; K a i A9piKav6c;.

Abraham settled in Gerar, w h i c h s o m e , i n c l u d i n g A f r i c a n u s , say is A s h k e l o n .

cf. G e n 20,1; ps. Sym. f. 31'= Cedr. 51,1s

Portions of the historical narrative in which this small notice about Abraham's settlement of Gerar is inserted (Sync. 112,16 113,28) may also have come from Africanus' chronicle. Routh's edition (415f) provides additional text from Cedrenus (see app.), on the basis of a marginal note mentioning Africanus in a manuscript used by Xylander for his 1566 Cedrenus edition.

62

Iulius Africanus

T28 The Chronology of the Life of Jacob

63

T28
T 2 8 a G e o r g i u s Syncellus ( 1 2 0 , 1 8 - 2 1 M o s s h a m m e r ) 'O AcppiKavoc, o(' ypctcpfjc;.
ETUJV

T 2 8 The Chronology T28a


EK

of Jacob's Life

Xsyei

TOV

'IaKu>|3

EXGEIV

etc, MeaonoTauiav, (be,

Tfjc,

Africanus says t h a t at age 7 7 Jacob came t o M e s o p o t a m i a , as i f he was q u o t i n g


from Scripture.
1

ii 8e vpacpf) oi)6auou T O U T O (paiverai Xtyouoa, dXXtoc, re, EI TOUTO SCOUEV, earai 6Tcoaf]cp

But it is clear that Scripture nowhere says this; besides, if we grant this, Joseph
th

K a r a t 6 pc' T O U 'IaKcofS yvvr|6tc,, onep aSuvarov.

will have been born in the 9 6

year of Jacob, which is impossible.

l-*F51,10s 1 cf. Eus., c a n . " 30 (anno 78); Eus., praep. ev. 9,21,Is (= Demetrius FGrHist 722 F l , l ; Alex. Polyh. F G r H i s t 273 F19a); Georg. Mon. 112,11s; Sym. Log. (Leo Gr. 21,16-18 = Th. Mel. 22,20-22) (omnes anno 75); ps. S y m . f. 32'= Iub 29,13; Cedr. 59,17-19; Sync. 120,22 (omnes anno 73); Chron. Pasch. 106,21 - 107,3 (anno 63) 2s cf. Sync. 133,23 - 134,28 ( - T28c) [AB] 1 Aeyei B Xeyerai A | Tdv'IaKibB EX6EIV B ~ A
e

T28b

G e o r g i u s Syncellus ( 1 2 1 , 8 - 1 3 M o s s h a m m e r ) T28b AcppiKavov p o t


6OKET S U V O T O V E I V C U T O V
AEVJI

O O T E KCITCI T O V

yEvvnGfjvcu

T W JT'

E T E l T O 0 ' I a K U ) ( 3 OUTE K a r a TOV EUOEPIOV Ttl) a i i r i i itf. ei y a p 6'Icoaf|(p p' ET&V ?|v T<j) pX' ETEI r o u 'IaKcofS, pviKa K a r f | X 6 e npdc, aiirSv eic, Aiyurrrov, a v d y K n r c a a a rdv iaKd>|3 pa' aiiToO I r a yvvqoai T6VTU>OT|C|> E K Tqc'PaxfjX.

I n m y o p i n i o n , A f r i c a n u s cannot possibly b e r i g h t that Levi was b o r n i n t h e 8 7


2 3 th

t h

year o f Jacob; nor can Eusebius be right, who dates it in the same year 87. For if Joseph was age 40 in the 130 year of Jacob, at which time he came down to him in Egypt, it is absolutely necessary that when Jacob was 91 he begot Joseph from Rachel.

Is Log.

cf. C h r o n . Pasch. 107,14s; Exc. Barb. 222,17-19 (omnes anno 83); Eus., praep. ev. 9,21,1-3 (= De (Leo Gr. 23,3s = Th. Mel. 23,20 = Iul. Pol. 92,2s); Niceph., chron. syn. 85,10; Suda Manjofjc, M
Hi

metrius F G r H i s t 722 F l . 1 - 3 ; Alex. Polyh. FGrHist 273 F19a) (anno 85); Hipp., haer. 285,11; Sym. 1348,15s; G e o r g . Mon. 115,17 (omnes anno 87); Anon. Matr. 9,4 (anno 86); Epiph., anc. 110,5 (anno 89) 2 cf. Eus., chron. 46,29 (anno 86); c a n . " 31" (anno 87) 2s cf. G e n 41,46; 45,6; 47,8s [AB] 2ret/ A B rtc,' Sync, infra (T28c,3) 3ETI<A 1 The Bible does not give a precise chronology of Jacob's life. Africanus may have arrived at the number '77' by the following reasoning: According to Gen 41,46, Joseph was 30 years of age when he entered the service of the Pharaoh. Another nine years elapsed before his brothers' arrival in Egypt ( G e n 45,6). If Jacob and his family spent 17 years in Egypt before Jacob died at the age of 147 ( G e n 47,28), then Joseph was 56 years of age at the time of his father's death. Jacob was thus 91 years old at the time of Joseph's birth. Since the sequence of events described in Gen 30-31 implied that Joseph was born at the end of Jacob's 14-year service to Laban, Africanus concluded that Jacob was 77 years old when he arrived in Haran (see Adler/Tuffin 2002,149, n. 5). Africanus' chronology is similar to the dating proposed by the Jewish chronographer Demetrius, see Gelzer 1,88. For Syncellus' own opposing calculation of Jacob's age, see Sync. 133,23 - 134,30. 2 I f Jacob married Leah after seven years of service to Laban, then it follows from Africanus' chronology that Jacob was 84 years of age at the time (77 + 7, see T28a). Africanus then determined that the birth of Levi, Jacob's third son (Gen 29,31-35), occurred three years later, in Jacob's 8 7 3
th

year; see Adler/Tuffin, 2002,151, n. 1.


th

Cf. below, T28c,3, where Syncellus states that Eusebius dated Levi's birth in the 8 6

year of

Jacob. The witnesses to Eusebius' chronicle also disagree about the date (see the loci similes).

64

Iulius Africanus

T28 T h e Chronology of the Life of Jacob

65

T 2 8 c G e o r g i u s Syncellus ( 1 3 4 , 2 - 1 3 M o s s h a m m e r )

T28c For on account of Rachel he served for the first seven years; and having had unintended relations with Leah, he had a third son Levi by her, obviously after the period of three years. T h e r e f o r e , one s h o u l d t r u s t n e i t h e r A f r i c a n u s ' a s s e r t i o n that L e v i was b o r n i n Jacob's 8 7
th t h

Z' -yap Exn SouXeucrac; imsp Tfjc, 'Paxf|X itpaixa Kai r c a p a yvtbunv xfj Atia pix8eic, xpixov &JXE rraiSa TOV A m i reap' auxfje. v rpiaiv EXEOI SnXov6xi. WOTS OUTE TO) AcppiKavU) TtlOTEUTEOV 71^' ET61 T O O . T a K l b G XfiyOVTl yEVVnGfjVCU TOV A s u i OOXE Tip EuaEpTu) XEyovxi xil> rcc/ EXEI. Kar' apepu) y a p fj Tip oc,' f] x I OE' Tfjc (lofjcTaKibp' Eup6rjoETai yvvn9elc 61u)OTj(p- orcep dcrupipiovov rfj <> 5 9eia ypacpfj Ttapioru)OT| xouxov ETCOV X' apcavxa xfjc Aiyvmrou Kai pETd r d SEKO TT|, Errta XEyio Tfjc EuOnviac K a i T p i a Tfjc; Xipot), dnoXafiovTa T6V rcaTEpa'IopafjX J t a v o u d pX' ETUJV, T E a a a p a K O v x o u x n v o v r a 8r|XovoTi. OJCTXE EK TOUTCOV dKpiPiic napicrraxai f\ E K a r i p o u YEVEOIC, K a i OUTCOC. fjpiv

year, nor Eusebius' that he was born i n his 86 . For if we follow one or the other of them, we shall find that Joseph was born when Jacob was either 96 or 95 years of age. And this contradicts what is set forth in divine Scripture: namely (1) that Joseph was 30 years of age when he began to rule Egypt, and (2) that after 10 years elapsed (I am referring to the seven years of plenty and the three years of famine), he was reunited with Israel and his whole household, Israel being 130 years of age and Joseph obviously 40. From this, we have thus precisely established the date of birth of each of these two patriarchs. And in doing the calculations in this way, we shall also have the agreement of other church historians who succeeded them, but who do not provide the explanation and careful

aroixEiu)9r|aeTai EXOUOI K a i ETEpouc. pTayvaxpouc E K K X n o i a a x i K o u c loxopiKouc, ouvd6ovxac pf] UEVTOI p E x d xf|c rtpoKEipivpc aixioXoyiac, K a i dKpifSouc dnoSEi^Ewc,.

2s>T28b,ls 1 cf. G e n 2 9 , 3 0 3s cf. Eus., praep. ev. 9,21,1-5 (= Demetrius FGrHist 722 F I , 1 - 5 ; Alex. Polyh.
d

argumentation given above.

FGrHist 2 7 3 F 1 9 a ) (anno 89); Eus., can." 31 ; ps. Sym. f. 32'; Cedr. 59,15 - 60,3; Sync. 134,14-28 (omnes a n n o 91); Chron. Pasch. 107,14s; 109,17s; Eel. Hist. 174,22s (omnes anno 92) 41,46-49; 4 5 , 6 ; 47,8s [AB] 1 urtep B rcepi A 3 ETEI B Sxp A 5 9ia < B 6 Tfjc B xou A | r e a c a p a K O V T O u x n v Goar, Di.
1

4 - 7 cf. Gen

aepaKOVxouxryv A B

F29

G e o r g i u s Syncellus (123,8-12 M o s s h a m m e r )

F29

Jacob's

Tent

TtS pK' EXEI xou'IaKibp" EXEXuxr|aEv 6'IoadK 6 rcaxf|p auxoij epeae sxn pre'. Exdqm 8E imd'IaKibfS K a i "Haccu xd)v nai8u)v auxou. T] TTOtuEviKT) a K n v r ) T O U 'IaK(i)(3 E V 'ESean a u ) ( o | i v n r o v e , x p o v o u c , A V T C O V I V O U 'Pcouaicov (3aatXcoc SiEcpGctpn Kara

In the 120

th

year of Jacob, his father Isaac died, having lived 180 years. He was buried by his sons

Jacob and Esau. T h e shepherd's t e n t o f Jacob preserved i n Edessa was d e s t r o y e d b y a t h u n d e r b o l t a r o u n d the t i m e o f A n t o n i n u s the e m p e r o r o f t h e Romans, as
1

KEpauvw,

&c cpnaiv 6

Africanus states, who has written his history up to the time of this Antoninus. AippiKavoq, u>c xiiv xpoviov auxoii Avxuwtvou icnroprjoac,.

2 - 4 = T99

4 - T l 1,5-7; T6,20s

1 cf. Gen 3 5 , 2 8 [AB]

I s cf. G e n 35,29; ps. Sym. f. 32" = Cedr. 62,8-10

3 'Paipaicov (3aaiXa>c B - A

For Syncellus' concluding notice about the endpoint of the Chronographiae and the identity of Antoninus, see T99 and notes.

66

Iulius Africanus

F30 The Terebinth Tree in Shechem

67

F30
F30a G e o r g i u s Syncellus (123,13-21 F30b ps. Eustathius, C o m m e n t a r i u s i n (77,21 - 78,6 A l l a t i u s =

F30 F30a

The Terebinth

Tree in

Shechem F30b

Mosshammer)

hexaemeron

PG 18,777D-780A)
Jacob was displeased by what Simeon and Levi TctKibB drtapeoGeic, role, OTTO Xuueibv K a i Aeui 7tpax9elaiv cp9opdv ev Zuciuoic, 6id rf|v xfjc dSeXcpfjc, ToOc, smxiopiouc, 6d\j/aq V 'Em TEXEI 8e Kai T6V 'IcooYjcp, Tfjc ALVUTTTOU anoxajpfjcavTEC, Kr|6Euouaiv Vf9a 6 npondriop had done in Shechem against the inhabitants And finally, after departing from Egypt, they

buried Joseph i n the l o c a t i o n w h e r e t h e i r

there in retaliation for their sister's defilement.

forefather

Abraham

had

been

pre under

eic,

avrwv EKpvyev fJTic, In vcov

ABpaau 'IaKwB

npoKEKtjSevTOrfjq AdBav
EIC,

ev d> ro rfSwXa, npoyd-

And

he b u r i e d i n S h e c h e m the

the gods terebinth

v i o u s l y i n t e r r e d . A t that site the tere b i n t h tree was also standing, w h i c h Jacob had h i d d e n the idols o f L a b a n . E v e n to this v e r y day, i t is a n object o f religious observance b y t h e n e i g h b o r i n g peoples i n h o n o r o f t h e i r ancestors. For up to the present t i m e , there is a n altar at its t r u n k , o n w h i c h t h e y w o u l d offer b o t h b u r n t offerings a n d hecatombs.
3 2

ZiKiuoiq 5 nirpav apx&v fiETijpev 10 Tfjq

ovq

ifipsTO
vuv
TCOV

9eovq

napa

rfjv
narpi-

mp vnfjpxe

Kai t) TpJ3iv9oc v<p' fj ra


TCOV

that he b r o u g h t w i t h h i m b y the r o c k underneath wonderful tree, w h i c h is even t o t h i s day venera ted by the n e i g h b o r i n g peoples i n h o nor o f the patriarchs. He removed thence to Bethel. B y t h e t r u n k o f this terebinth tree t h e r e w a s a n altar, as Afri
canus says, to w h i c h t h e residents o f that

imb rr)v Qavuaoiav urto eiq

Tp(3iv9ov, rifi&rai,

rJTic; fisxpi

sic, T i p r j v Tcbv

Kai v u v

Tiprjv

TrAnaioxcbptov

UTT6 T C O V

rcXnaioxcopcov OpnoKEvpcopog Ecp' 6v r a T E Kai raq EKOToppac, dv-

BouQfjX' ravrrjq

rcapa T O

eroci- Ecm yap &xpi TOV Ssvpo n a p d T O V Ttpspvov avrfjq oXoKavrcbuara ECDEpOV.

7 t p e p V 0 V (3a>p6c, ffV, ibq cptycav 6 AcppiKavoc,

rspsplivOov,

<p' 6 v TCtC, SKTEVCtq rfjq xu>SOKOV6


EIVCU

dvecpepov ev ralq navnyvpeoi paq evotKoi, aa 15


TUV

r) 8' ov KarsKaiero napa. 'Iaadx. riveq pd(36ov avroQi. ravrnv

region w o u l d offer prayers i n their fes tal assemblies. E v e n t h o u g h i t appea red to be i n flames, i t was not con Elvai T E cpaai pdfSobv avrfjv
TCOV

mnpaoOai. Kai .Octal Se

racpoq
T<VOC

ABpaau

evoq A(3ivs-

sumed. Near i t is t h e t o m b o f A b r a h a m a n d Isaac. Some say t h a t ( i t ) is a staff o f one of the angels r e c e i v e d as guests b y A b r a h a m a n d p l a n t e d o n t h a t spot. I t is said that it is a staff o f one o f the angels received as guests b y A b r a ham, when kable which he he planted at t h e site that was present there at

7UC,VCO9EVTCOV

dyyEAcov

TCO

A(3-

ETUCEVCOOEVTCOV

dyyEAcov rj

TCO

p a c t p cpvrevOEloav

padp, r)vTtEp TCO romp cpvTEvoE, nvp eiq Kai it; avrfjq EVEcpvrj TEpiBivOoq. yivETai, KOVIV IK rfjq

TOTE napwv

afyayaoroq yap okt] naoiv avaXvo8ai, roiq

vna<pdioa <p\oyoq

Kai vouiferai

t i m e . A n d f r o m i t sprouted the r e m a r t e r e b i n t h . For w h e n set aflame, to it t u r n s entirely i n t o fire a n d is sup posed b y everyone t o be reduced dust b y t h e flame; and yet once the fire is e x t i n g u i s h e d , i t proves to be e n t i r e l y u n s c a t h e d a n d intact.
According to the book of Genesis, Mamre, not Shechem, was the place where Abraham enter tained the angels ( G e n 18,1-10), and the burial site of Abraham and Isaac (Gen 23,1-20; 25,9f;

Kairot a&EO&ziaa [livroi aKEpaioq SsiKwrai.

amvrjq oXn Kai

5-7

Eus., d e m . ev. 5,9,7 (232,5-8 Heikel) 69ev (sc. Mamre!) ziairi Kai v u v napa roiqTtXqoioxcopoic; Kai dzapeirai ye eiq fj TepBiv9oc;. b:ls cf. G e n 50,25; Exod 13,19; Ios 24,32 3-14 b:2s et a:13s cf. Act 7,16; Liber onomasticon 15-23 cf.

eic S v 8tloq b T&xoq eic, Tiuf|V TCDV airoOi ra> Afipaau inapavivrwv Qpnoncvtrai, Sevpo Siauevovoa

1 - 6 cf. G e n 34,30 - 35,5

50,13f; cf. Act 7,16). Cf. also Eus., dem. ev. 5,9,7, which describes in very similar language a ri tual performed at the terebinth at Mamre. Either Africanus was describing another festival of Samaritan origin (see Gelzer 1,10), or the terebinth at Shechem (where Jacob buried the idols) somehow became confused with the terebinth at Mamre. The pagan,character of the sacrifices performed at the terebinth suggests that'ancestors' is clo

Genealogus 352s; Sync. 176,4-6 Gen [AB] 18,1-15 8 BaiGrjA B Be9rjX A

cf. Ios., bell. Iud. 4,533; Eus., v. C . 3,53; Eus., 8s cf. G e n 12,6s; 33,18-20

237; Soz., h. e. 2,4; Itinerarium Burdigalense 587,5 - 588,6

8s rcapa TO rcpeuvov A rcapa Ttpaiiivov B 13 rci3ipdo9ai A rcr|rcpdo9ai B


1

ser to the original text than 'patriarchs'. Here again the text of ps. Eust. more closely reflects the original wording of Africanus. T h e 4KTEval mentioned in Syncellus' text are public prayers in the Byzantine liturgy, see Trapp 2001, s. v. eKTevrj.

ninpaaSai D i . munpaa9ai Goar"

17 cputeuGEtoav A cpuTu9r|aav B

8 Jerri] e o r a i Allatius 22 K a i r o i aBeoGelaa] KaTaaBeorteicra Routh | uevroi < Gelzer""

68

Iulius Africanus

F31 Job, the Descendant of Esau

69

F31

G e o r g i u s C e d r e n u s (76,23 - 77,3 B e k k e r )

F31

Job, the Descendant

of

Esau

'He, 6e Xi-yei 6 A9piKav6c,, 6 n e x ToO'HaaO d A A o i T E T i o A A o i K a i ' P a y o u r | A 0 6 Zapef), o u 'Ico(3, 6c, K a r a o~vyx(i>pr\oiv Qeov
v n o

yevvaTcu,

dep'

Africanus states that Esau begot m a n y c h i l d r e n , a m o n g t h e m Reuel, f r o m

whom

Sta(36\ou ertEipdaBn K a i

was b e g o t t e n Z e r a h , f r o m w h o m was b e g o t t e n Job. W i t h t h e c o n s e n t o f G o d , h e was p u t t o t h e test b y t h e d e v i l a n d p r e v a i l e d over the one t e s t i n g h i m .

EviKnae T O V TtetpdtpvTa.

cf. Eus., praep. ev. 9,25,1 (= Alexander Polyhistor F G r H i s t 273 F 19a, Aristeas F G r H i s t 725 F1);

Eus., fr. Lc. 5 4 0 D ; Epiph., haer. 1,180,19 - 181,2; Cedr. 126,8-11

T32

G e o r g i u s Syncellus ( 1 2 6 , 1 0 - 1 7 M o s s h a m m e r )

T32

The Chronology

of Joseph's

Life

Tqi a ' exei xfjc ?a>f|C, Kad8, ortep f\\ roO uev I O K U I B pX', xou Si Aeui ur|', Kaxf|X8ev TaK<i>(5 eic, AtyuTtxov Ttp6c'Iuiotiq), oic, (pnaiv f| 8eia ypa<pf), 8xi eTrte 6e'IaK(o[3 xiy d>apa(i>- ai rjpepai xiDv exfflv xfjq ^ujfjc; pou a c rtapoiKii pX' Tr|. 'Icoof](p 6e fjv exiiiv u' x<S aux<5 pX' EXEI xou'IaKU>p\ Sioxi, &C,

In the first year of the life of Kohath, which was the 130 year of Jacob and the 48

th

th

year of Levi, Ja

cob went down to Joseph in Egypt, as Scripture says, 'The days of my life i n which I sojourn are 130 years'. Now Joseph was 40 years old i n the same 130 year of Jacob, since, as t h e s c h o o l o f A f r i c a n u s says, Joseph l i v e d a n o t h e r Egypt.
1 th

'IaKU)(3

cpacriv oi irepi T O V AcppiKavov, o' e^naev ev A I Y U T T T C O .

6 'IU>OT|9

err) pexd T O

TcapoiKfjaai T O V

70 years after Jacob h a d c o m e t o d w e l l i n

T o C Kal xeXeuxalov ixoc, xfjc, XipoO, xo e' exoc, K a d 8 , xou 6E Koopou fjv Jxoq ,yxc.'.

The seventh and final year of the famine, the fifth year of Kohath, A M 3606.

4s T28c,3s 1-3 can. [AB] cf. Eus., c a n .


Hitr H i C T

33 ; 33 ; Sym. Log. (Leo Gr. 24,22 - 25,4 = Th. Mel. 24,23 - 25,1); ps. Sym. f. 32 = 2 cf. G e n 41,46s; 45,6; 50,26
v

Cedr. 62,12-14; E d . Hist. 174,27.30-32

2s Gen 47,9

4scf.Eus.,

36'; S y m . Log. (Leo Gr. 25,4s = Th. Mel. 25,1s); ps. Sym. f. 3 2 = Cedr. 62,16 6 xpe B xou A

4 6 <B

According to Africanus, Joseph's family came to Egypt when he was 39 years of age (T28a, n. 1). I f Joseph died aged 110, then he would have lived another 71 (not 70) years after Jacob's arrival. T h e difference might be explained by the fact that Syncellus apparently did not quote directly from Africanus, but from a member of his 'school' (oi xcepl rdv A<pptKav6v).

70

Iulius Africanus

F33 The Date of Joseph's Death

71

F33
S y n c . : G e o r g i u s Syncellus ( 1 2 8 , 1 - 3 M o s s h a m m e r ) S y n c . : G e o r g i u s Syncellus ( 1 2 2 , 1 - 3 M o s s h a m m e r ) AcppiKavoOA T T O A S c i u r o i v u v ETti rr\v
2 1

F33

The Date of Joseph's

Death

From Africanus T E A e u T r j v Ta>ar](p K a i T f j a S E xfjc,

(3i(3Xou y V a i

uev

F r o m A d a m , t h e n , u p t o t h e death o f Joseph a n d t h e e n d o f this b o o k , are 23 generations a n d 3 5 6 3 years.


3

there

K-y', ETT) S e ,y<P^7'-

test: Sync. [ A B ] (> T33a) . . . ouxto ypdcpei- Acppixavou- An6 A8dp A i a u i a p x d v e i . . . (T33b)

Sync. [AB] . . . ern oi ,y<fi,y'.

T33a 2s->F16a;F16c In A M 3672, that is in the 1 2 year of the life of Amram the father of Moses, Joseph died, after liv 3 cf. Chron. Pasch. 114,6-11 ( a n n o 3563) 2 Tf|V < S y n c .
1 th

ing 110 years, as the book of Genesis says, A n d Joseph died when he was 110 years of age'. T h e historical record of the same divinely-inspired first book of the Scripture extends up to this year, AM 3672. A f r i c a n u s , h o w e v e r , errs b y o m i t t i n g 109 years, a n d writes as f o l l o w s : ... (-F33)

T 3 3 a G e o r g i u s Syncellus ( 1 2 7 , 2 4 - 2 8 M o s s h a m m e r )

Tcp YXof>' 6xei TOU Koopoi), fjyouv Tip i(3' rf\c, tjtofjc, Ap(5pau itaxpoc, Majuaeioc,, ereXeuTnaev 'Itoorjcp (/joac err] pi', cue; cpnaiv fj pifiXoc; xfjc, Teveoetoc, OCXON;- Kai exeXeuxnoev'Iuiof|(p tov exiiv pi', Stoc,
XOUTOU t o u ,yxP' KoopiKoO exouc. iaxopeT fj aiixf) 9E6TCVEUCSTOC, npd)xr| (5i|3Xoc,. 'O UEVTOI Acppl-

T33b

K a v o c . ETT]

p0'

5iauaprr|oac, K O T ' A \ E I \ ( / I V O U T O ) ypdcpei- A c p p i K a v o u - . . . ( - F 3 3 )

(> F 3 3 ) . . . H e is m a n i f e s d y i n e r r o r b y 110 years. For Joseph was bom in this year A M 3563, as is shown below. In the ninth year of the life of Levi, Rachel give birth to Jacob's child Joseph. This was the 9 1 year of the life of Jacob, A M 3563.
st

2 G e n 50,26a

2s cf. ps. Sym. f. 3 2 = Cedr. 62,16s

T 3 3 b G e o r g i u s Syncellus ( 1 2 2 , 4 - 7 M o s s h a m m e r )

(> F33) . . . A i a u a p r d v E l Ttpocpavcoc, E T T ] p i ' . XIJJ yap auxu) .ycp^y' EXEI XOU Kocrpou Eyvvrj6ri 1u>or\<p, ibq uTCOKEttai. tip 8' STEI xfjc. fcofjc xou AEU'I EyEvvnoE Paxr]X x6vTcoo"f](p xculaKtofi. (jv 5E xfjc; (uifjc; 'IaKtbp exoc. oa', Koapou 8E ,y<pi,y'.

1 2 T28c,3s 2 1 -3 cf. ps. S y m . f. 32 = Cedr. 59,20 - 60,3 [AB]


r

Syncellus quotes this passage from Africanus twice, in each case faulting him for incorrectly calculating the duration of time from Adam to the death of Joseph (T33a.b). The words "end of this book" could refer either to the end of the book of Genesis or to the end of the first book of Africanus' chronicle. This date coincides with the chronology given in T45,18f: the birth of Abraham according to Africanus occurred i n A M 3202. Isaac's birth 100 years later was in A M 3302 (Gen 21,5), Jacob's birth 60 years later i n A M 3362 (Gen 25,26). By determining the birth of Joseph when Jacob was 91 years of age (= A M 3453, T28, esp. note to T28a), Africanus established that the death of Joseph at age 110 ( G e n 50,26) occurred in A M 3563. For Syncellus' opposing date of the death of Joseph, see Adler/Tuffin 2002,149f, n. 6.

2 cf. Chron. Pasch. 109,16s 3

1 SiapapxdvEi B Siapapxdvn A | auxci < B

72

Iulius Africanus

F34 Synchronism of the Exodus and Ogygus

73

F34

Material from Book 3: From Moses to the First Olympiad


Eus.: Eusebius, Praeparatio evangelica 10,10,1 - 10,23,6 (591,6 - 595,18 M r a s / des Places) Sync. : G e o r g i u s Syncellus (71,7 - 73,11 M o s s h a m m e r ) Sync>: i b d . (173,15 - 174,10 M o s s h a m m e r ) Sync. : i b d . (78,19s M o s s h a m m e r ) U n t i l t h e t i m e o f the O l y m p i a d s , n o t h i n g accurate has been r e c o r d e d b y the M e ^ p i uev
u 3 1

F 3 4 Synchronism

of the Exodus

and

Ogygus

TCOV

OXupTtidStov ov&k\ &Kpi(3ec; iaTopnTai roic "EXXrjat, navTcov


TCOV

Greeks i n t h e i r histories, all t h e i r accounts before that t i m e b e i n g m u d d l e d a n d in n o p o i n t agreeing a m o n g themselves. T h e O l y m p i a d s , however, have been accurately r e c o r d e d by many, because t h e Greeks kept registers o f t h e m t h a t were n o t separated b y a l o n g span o f t i m e , b u t rather b y an i n t e r v a l o f f o u r years. F o r t h i s reason, I shall give a c u r s o r y treatment t o m y selection o f the most n o t a b l e o f the legendary narratives u p u n t i l the first O l y m p i a d . B u t those narratives after that t i m e , i f any o f t h e m are n o t e w o r t h y , I shall c o m b i n e t o gether c h r o n o l o g i c a l l y one to the other, the H e b r e w w i t h the Greek, carefully i n v e s t i g a t i n g the affairs o f the H e b r e w s w h i l e o n l y t o u c h i n g u p o n those o f the Greek. A n d I shall f i t t h e m together i n t h e f o l l o w i n g m a n n e r : B y t a k i n g u p a single e v e n t i n H e b r e w h i s t o r y c o n t e m p o r a r y w i t h an event r e c o r d e d b y the Greeks, a n d basing myself o n i t , a n d b y either subtracting f r o m or a d d i n g t o i t , I shall i n d i c a t e w h a t n o t e w o r t h y p e r s o n w h e t h e r Greek o r Persian o r w h o e v e r was c o n t e m p o r a r y w i t h the H e b r e w event. A n d i n this w a y I shall perhaps ac c o m p l i s h m y objective. So t h e n , the resettlement o f the H e b r e w s , w h e n they were t a k e n captive b y N e b u c h a d n e z z a r k i n g o f Babylon, is a m o s t n o t e w o r t h y event, e x t e n d i n g 70 years, i n accordance w i t h the p r o p h e c y o f Jeremiah. Nebuchadnezzar is i n fact m e n t i o n e d b y Berossus the B a b y l o n i a n . A f t e r the 70 years o f the Captivity, Cy rus b e c a m e k i n g o f the Persians, i n t h e year i n w h i c h the 5 5 was h e l d , as one m a y discover f r o m t h e Bibliothecae
t h

auYKX pevcov Kai KaTa pr]Sev auToic, (3tovTai rcoAXoic,


TCO

Ttpd

TOU

cnjpcpcovouvtcov- a i 8e f|Kpi-

pf)

E K TCXEIOTOU

SiaoTfjpaToc, S i d TETpaertac 5k rac, dvaypa-

cpdc auTcov TtoietaBai


UETCI

TOUC

"EXXr)vac. ou 5fj x d p i v Tdc EvSocpTdrac Kai puGcbSsic


T

EmXecauevoc; ioTopiac pexpt

^ itpcoTnc O X u p m d S o c ETtuSpapoupai- Tdc S E


TIVEC

Taura cnXfiucdc KaTa x p o v o v EKdcrrac, i

eniar)poi, rale 'EXXrjviKaTc


TCOV

rac 'E(3pai'Kdc, ecjiOTopcbv pev ra EfSpaicov, ecpaTtxouevoc 5e

'EXXr|viKcov,

Ecpapuooco TovSe T O V Tpoitov- Xa(36pevoc pidc rcpdcecoc E(3paiKfjc o p o x p o v o u Ttpd^ei ucp' 'EXXrjvcov iaTopr|Geion Kai Taurqc exopevoc dcpaipcov re Kai npoaTiQeic T I C T E "EXXr)v rj nepcrnc fj Kai d e m a o u v Tfj'E(5paicov cruvexpovioev EmoT]pioupevoc, i'acoc d v
T O U OKOTTOU TUXOIUI.

'EfSpaicov pev ovv t\ peroiKia Ttiar|poTdTr|, aixpaXamoGsvTcov uito Na(3ouxoSovdaop |3aaiXecoc Ba(3uXcbvoc, 7tapTivv 'krr\ e(35oprJKovTa, KaGd TtpoecprJTeuaev 'Iepeptac;. T O U 6f| Na(3ouxo6ov6oop pvrjpoveuei Br|pcooa6c 6 BafJuXcovioc. p e r d 6e Td o ' Tfjc aixpaXcoaiac Tr| K u p o c Elepocbv epaaiXeuaev, cp eTei 'OXupTtidc; qxGr| ve', cbc kx. T C O V BipXioGqKcbv AioScbpou Kai
TCOV

aXXou Kai K d o r o p o c

ioTopicbv, T I 5e iIoXu(3iou Kai epXeyovToe eoTiv eupelv, dXXd Kai ETepcov, ole epeAnaev 'OXupiudScov- drtaot yap cruvecpcbvr|aev 6 x p 6 v o c . Kupoc 5 ' ouv
TCO

TtpcoTco Tfjc cxpxnc etei, Srtep fjv 'OXup.Ttid6oc

VE' ETOC T O

TtpcoTov, S i d Z o p o p d p e X , KaG' ov'Inaouc 6 rov 'IcoaE5K, Ttjv npcoTr|v K a i ppt-

O l y m p i c contest

o f D i o d o r u s , a n d the his

tories o f T h a l l u s a n d Castor, as w e l l as those o f Polybius a n d Phlegon, a n d f r o m


test.: Is 1 inc. E u s . [BIO ps.
(l 35

" ' ( G ) N ( D ) ] : ATCO TOU r p i r o u TOJV AcppiKavoO xpovoypacpuSv on fjv etc

others t o o , w h o have made the O l y m p i a d s a subject o f study. For i n all o f t h e m , there is c h r o n o l o g i c a l agreement.

lust.,

coh. Gr. 12,2 (38,14-18 Marcovich)'AXXcoqTE ovSi TOVTO ayvoelv vuaq npoor)Ki, np&E_tv, fiovn naoai piv Se f\ rov npwrov <pepovrai npocpfjrov napa Muivoiwc, npovnfjpxev ioropia, roic, ovXXe^apevoic; airaq

oi)6ev "EXXr|ai rtpd Tiiv 'OXuumdScov dKptpec, iardpnTai, otlcS' eon n ovyypafifia fiapfi&puiv orjfiaivov 8eiaq tmnvofaq e^aiphwq Xnoiv apxaioXoyiai Mwvofjq yeypcupev

naXaidv 'EXXijvcov fj

role xuv'Efipaiwv ypdfifiaot. Sync. (109,24-26 Moss.) Ai nap""EXaovpfuvoi ioropiKOlq, 1 This important fragment, found at the beginning of book three of Africanus' chronicle, outlines his method for establishing a comparative chronology of Greek and Hebrew history from the Exodus down to the first year of the reign of Cyrus. Although the transmission of the text is Diod. complex (see the documentation provided in the fourth apparatus), the original wording can be reconstructed with confidence from the two main witnesses (for ps. Iust.'s dependence on Africanus, see Riedweg 1994,30-33). Syncellus, the more complete witness, quotes portions of the same passage in different places. Where he and Eusebius independently cite overlapping 15 6e r d < N D
1 1

Se ai npd rfjq ^paiT7jc;'OXupTtid5oc;. 12-14 cf. Ier 25,11

19s F65,133s

19-22

> F73.3-6; F93,36-40 15-18

Is cf. Sync. 109,24-26 FGrHist 257 F 8 3TCj)]TdG D )


4

14 Berossus Babylonius FGrHist 680 F8

Sic. 9,21,1; T h a l l u s F G r H i s t 256 F7; Castor FGrHist 250 F6; Polybius FGrHist 254 F3; Phleg. Trail. 19-22 cf. I Esdr 2,1-11; 5,1-62 (4 D )
4 4

7-20

Tdq...Zopo|5dpe\ < B 7 r d I N Tdc; G


1 4

16 ve'] rtVTKOOTfj
1

material, the level of concordance is very high. Since the formulaic expressions (e. g., "after a few words") used in two places to identify lacunae (11. 37 and 74) imply that the omitted material is not extensive, we can assume that the entire text represents a single fragment.

itEprttp N TtEV-rnKocrrfj D

(marg. VE' D ) | BipXio0r|Kcov AioScbpou I - G N

17 in 8i] K a i N D 196' <ND

(corr.

17sOXyovToc....OXupmdScDv] K a i E T E p c o v E t r r i v E u p E i v N D (corr. D )

74

Iulius Africanus

F34 Synchronism of the Exodus and Ogygus

75
t h

Kiyv diT6Tte(j.\|/iv 7toir|oaTO x o u XaoO, nXr|pa)9iar|c; xfjc; e(3Sopr]Kovxaexiac;, (be; E V x u f E o S p a T t a p d tote; 'EBpaioic; io"xopr|xai. ai p e v o u v i a x o p i a t auvxpExouai K u pou X E (3aaiX.etac; K a l aixpaXcoaiac; xeXouc; Kal <xd> Kaxd x d c 'OXup7tid6ac; ouxaic, eic; ripdc; ev)pe9r|axat aupcpa)vr|0'avxa- xouxoic; yap
25

Cyrus, t h e n , i n the first year o f his r e i g n , w h i c h was the first year o f t h e 5 5

O l y m p i a d , b r o u g h t about the first p a r t i a l release o f the people t h r o u g h Z o r o b a bel, c o n t e m p o r a r y w i t h w h o m was Jeshua t h e son o f Jozadak, after the c o m p l e t i o n o f the 70 years, as is recorded i n the b o o k o f Ezra f r o m the books o f t h e H e brews. Therefore, the historical accounts o f the reign o f C y r u s a n d o f t h e e n d o f the C a p t i v i t y c o i n c i d e . A n d <events> d a t e d according t o the O l y m p i a d s w i l l thus be f o u n d t o agree d o w n to our t i m e . F o r b y following t h e m we shall also f i t the other histories one to the other a c c o r d i n g t o the same p r i n c i p l e . Now the A t t i c system o f measuring t i m e reckons the dates o f the earlier
3 2

ettopevoi Kai xdc; XotTtdc;

iaxoptac; K C t x d x o v a u x o v X o y o v dXXr|Xaic; Ecpappoaopev. T d S E Ttpo xouxcov cb6i ncoc; xfjc; AxxiKfjc xpovoypacpiac; dpiBpoupEvqc;, and 'Oyuyou
T O U

nap'

EKfiivotc; aux6x6ovoc; mcxeu9evxoc;, ecp' ov yiyovev

6 pEvac,

K a i Ttpojxoc; ev xfj AxxtKfj KaxaKXuapoc, OoptuvEux; A p y E i a r v paaiXeuovxoc;, ibc, AKOuaiXaoc, iaxopa, pXPi Tcpcuxnc; OXupmdSoc;, 6 T I 6 9 V "EXXnvEc; dKpi(5ouv
30

xouc; xpdvouc; Evoutaav, E x n cruvdyExat x i X i a

EIKOOIV,

ax; K a i

xoic; TtpoEipqpevoic;

events i n s o m e t h i n g like the f o l l o w i n g w a y : F r o m Ogygus, w h o was b e l i e v e d b y t h e m t o be i n d i g e n o u s , and i n whose t i m e t h e great first f l o o d i n A t t i c a o c c u r red, w h e n P h o r o n e u s was k i n g o f A r g o s , a c c o r d i n g to the historical r e c o r d o f Acusilaus, u p t o the first O l y m p i a d , f r o m w h i c h t i m e the Greeks b e l i e v e d t h e y were accurate i n t h e i r chronology, t h e r e are altogether 1020 years. A n d t h i s n u m b e r also agrees w i t h w h a t has b e e n stated before, and w i l l be d e m o n s t r a t e d i n w h a t f o l l o w s . F o r the w r i t e r s of A t h e n i a n history, b o t h Hellanicus a n d P h i l o chorus, a u t h o r s o f the Atthides; w r i t e r s o f S y r i a n history, Castor a n d T h a l l u s ; and Alex
4

cnjpcpojva Kai xoic, ec;f|C 6~eix9naexai. x d y d p A9r|vaiu)v iaxopouvxec; 'EXXdvLKOc, xe Kai OiXoxopoc; oi xdc; AxGiSac,, o'i X E xd S u p i a K d a x c u p Kai aXXoc, K a i xd rtdvxeov AtoSaipoc; 6 xdc; Bi(3Xio9rJKac; AXc;av5p6c; xe 6 rioXutaxtop K a i xivec;
)

xibv K a 9 ' f]uac; d K p i p e a x e p o v epvf]a9naav K a i xebv A x x i K t b v dnavxtov. e'i xic; o u v


35

iv xoic; xiXioic; e k o a i v exeaiv eTticmpoc, i a x o p i a x u y x d v e i , Kaxd xo eKXeyr|0eTai. [...]

xPH^^ov

<t>apev x o i v u v E K yE xouSe x o u auyypdppaxoc;T2YUYOv, oc xou itpcbxou KaxaKXuopou Y y o v e v Extcbvupoc; rtoXXcbv 6ia(p9apevxtov 6taaa)9eic;, Kaxd xqv dTt' A i 40 yuTcxou xov X a o u pexd Mcouaecoc; eo6ov yeyEvfia9ai, x o v S e x 6 v xponov- ercl xf\v 7TpuJxnv'OXv)pmd6a xryv Kpoeipnpevnv d n o D y u y o u exn SeixGrjaexai ,aK'. dxto Se a' 'OXupTtidSoc; eni ve', exoc; rtpcbxov, x o u x e a x i v eni K u p o u (3aaiXeia<; exoc; a ' ,

writers o f u n i v e r s a l history, D i o d o r u s t h e a u t h o r o f the Bibliothecae,

ander P o l y h i s t o r ; a n d some writers o f o u r o w n have recorded this c h r o n o l o g y m o r e accurately t h a n even all the A t t i c h i s t o r i a n s . If, then, any n o t e w o r t h y h i s torical n a r r a t i v e comes t o o u r attention i n t h e 1020 years, i t shall be selected i n accordance w i t h its value.

[.-]
test.: Eus. 3 7 Eus.: K a i uerd Bpax^a eniAevei
2

38 inc. Sync. [A]: K a r a T6V A<ppiKav6v u)6e nwc, ercl

XE^EUJC ypa<pevra et Sync. [A]: 6uoia>c, &i Kai f] cm' Aiyu7tTou nopeia Toic'EXXnvuv icropiKotc, OUTO 9epeTai oiaipdpaic, K a r a roue, auxouc, xpovouq x<i fall 'Oyuyou KaraKAuap^. aupipiovoOoi 84 routotc, ev TOUTO) Kai'IuiariTtrtoc, Kai'IoOaroc'IouSalot latopiKOi K a i TOU Ka9' f|pac, X6you KXfjpnr, 6 arpwpaTEUC K a i Taxiav6q Kai AcppiKav6c> o u Kal X P l 40 YyEvf|o9ai des. Sync. (sequiturl. 71) 26- 31 - > T 4 8 b ; F50.5-7 31-34 ps. lust., coh. Gr. 9,2 (34,19-23 Marcovich) Kai oi T d A9r|vaiu)v Si 'IovSaiovc, piuvnvrai.
2 0

Ttapa8u)pE9a. AqiptKavoU' EV rpcru) X6yu) 9qai

W e assert, therefore, o n the a u t h o r i t y o f this w o r k , that O g y g u s , w h o , having b e e n saved w h e n m a n y perished, has g i v e n his name t o the first f l o o d , lived at the t i m e o f the Exodus o f the p e o p l e w i t h Moses f r o m Egypt. T h i s is the m e t h o d o f m y c a l c u l a t i o n : 1020 years w i l l be demonstrated f r o m O g y g u s u p t o the a f o r e m e n t i o n e d first O l y m p i a d . F r o m the first O l y m p i a d u p to the first year o f the 5 5 O l y m p i a d (that is, to the first year o f the reign o f Cyrus, w h i c h was
5 t h

ioTopouvTEC'EXXdviK6c, TE K a i dnXoxopoc, oi rdc. AT8i5ac,, <o'i TE r d Zupia> Kdarujp TE K a i aXXoc,, K a l A X ^ a v 8 p o c , 6 rioXutoTcup, hi Si Kai oi ooifibraroi @t\(ov TE Kai Iwonnoq, oi ra Kara ioroprjoavrEC cue ofdSpa ap%aiov Kai nakaiov rdv 'lovSaiav apxovroq Mwvoiwq

38-40 - * T 5 5 . 2 0 - 2 4 40-42
26 - 33

F54a,46-48; F65,133s; F 7 3 , l - 6 2 Cyrus' accession to power in Persia occurred i n 560 B C (= Ol. 55,1). When Cyrus conquered Babylon in 538 B C , he issued his decree releasing the Jews from captivity. Esdr 1,1, dating the decree of C y r u s to the "first year" of his rule, was likely the source of Africanus' assumption that the restoration of the Jews occurred when C y r u s first assumed power. 3 Africanus does not share the opinion of the Attic historiographers, according to whom Ogygus was the first indigenous king. Rather it was Cranaus (F54b), whereas Ogygus was an immigrant from Egypt (11. lOOf). 4 5 I. e. authors of the Jewish-Christian tradition. For Africanus' chronology of Ogygus' rule after the flood, see F54c, n. 1. Later sources some times failed to take account of Africanus' assumption that Ogygus survived the flood by 17 years.

Alex. Polyh. F G r H i s t 273 F101; Hellanicus FGrHist 4 F47; Philochorus FGrHist 328 F92;

Castor F G r H i s t 250 F7; Thallus F G r H i s t 256 F5 21 EV < G


Td

26-29 Acusilaus F G r H i s t 2 F23b


30 o u v d y E r a i I G auvdyovrai B N | x ^ 15 la

23 T d Routh

26 T d Routh rdc codd.

IKOOIV I

,OK' G N ,ar|' B | cue] 6 Routh Routh, M r a s

31 aupcpuivEiv Routh | r d Gelzer" (cf. ps. lust.) t a u r a codd. | yap + oi

32 oi] 6 Routh
2

32-40 o'i...AiyuTtTou < B


2

32
1

Kai

6 Routh
1

33 Td>v fJipAio1

9r|KdivND | TIVEC] OITIVEC Routh TIVEC oi Mras paroc,] crovT&yuaToc, Sync. Eus. 'flyuyou < Eus.:B
1 2 1

38 VE] SE Sync. TE Eus. | TOU < Sync. | ouyypdp41 r c p o E i p n u E v n v ] rcpci)Tr|v Eus.:B | drco

39 K a r a ] pETd Sync. :A ante corr. K a r a post corr. eadem manu | in' <

40 yEvfjoEaSai Sync. | TOV < Sync. | Tqv < Eus.:BIN 42 Erti + rf\q Eus.

76 omp 45

Iulius Africanus

F34 Synchronism of the Exodus and Ogygus

77
6

fjv aixuaXcoaiac, T E X O C , lxr\ ait',

d n o 'Clyvyov

x o t v u v STTI K u p o v xn

,ao\e'. Aiyun-

the year m a r k i n g the e n d o f the C a p t i v i t y ) , t h e r e are 215 years. Thus,

from

ei Ss dvacpepot TIC; dvaXoytCpuEVOC. d n o T O O X E X O U C , Tfjc; aixpaXcoaiac, x d ,aaXs' exn, K a r a d v a X o y t a v euprjoei x a u x o v S i d a x n p a em n p w x o v sxoc, Tfjc, an'
EKTICJEV'EXeuaTva. 69EV T O U S i d M C O U O E U J C . E C O S O U l a p a f | X o a o v d n o xfjc, V E ' O A u p m d 8 o c , s n i T l y u y o v , 6c,

Ogygus u p t o C y r u s , t h e r e are 1235 years. I f y o u t r a c e back i n y o u r c a l c u l a t i o n s the 1235 years f r o m t h e e n d o f the C a p t i v i t y , y o u w i l l discover that the c h r o n o l o g i c a l i n t e r v a l u p t o t h e first year o f the E x o d u s o f Israel f r o m Egypt t h r o u g h Moses corresponds to t h e i n t e r v a l f r o m the 5 5 founder chronography. Now i n A s s y r i a n d o c u m e n t s a few stories are r e c o r d e d that are even more
t h

EmaqporEpov

E O X I KaraXaPEtv xr\\ A x x u c q v x p o v o y p a -

O l y m p i a d back to Ogygus, t h e

<piav. O X i y a Se xouxcov E V Aaaupioic, Xoyoic. dpxaioxEpa pu9UExai- npcbxoc, rjptE


50

o f Eleusis; h e n c e i t is quite a n o t e w o r t h y s t a r t i n g - p o i n t for A t t i c

N i v o c . d n d a n c , xfjc, Aaiac,, 7tXf]v 'Iv6cov, E X E O T xpiaKoaioic,, o u n o X u npoxepov 'OyuY/ou. x o u x o v SifiSecaxo Zspipapic, fj Stapdnxoc, r\ TtoXXaxoO xfjc, yfjc
C^COVTCOV KaxopuoaouEvcov o i xdcpot,

f\yeipe

ancient t h a n this. T h r e e h u n d r e d years earlier, n o t m u c h before Ogygus, N i n u s was the first to r u l e o v e r a l l o f Asia, w i t h t h e e x c e p t i o n o f I n d i a . A n d he w a s succeeded b y the celebrated Semiramis, w h o i n m a n y places erected e a r t h e m b a n k m e n t s , professedly because o f the floods. B u t i n reality these e m b a n k m e n t s were t o m b s o f her lovers b e i n g b u r i e d alive, as Ctesias records i n his h i s t o r y . N o t h i n g w o r t h y o f m e m o r y is thus r e c o r d e d i n h i s t o r y b y the Greeks b e f o r e Ogygus, w i t h the e x c e p t i o n o f Phoroneus his c o n t e m p o r a r y a n d Inachus, ry. H i s daughter was I o , w h o s e name they c h a n g e d t o Isis a n d venerate. So m u c h for events before Ogygus. A r o u n d h i s t i m e Moses came f o r t h f r o m Egypt. T h a t there is n o reason to d o u b t that t h i s o c c u r r e d at that t i m e , we c a n demonstrate i n t h e f o l l o w i n g m a n n e r : F r o m t h e E x o d u s o f Moses t o C y r u s , w h o was k i n g after the C a p t i v i t y , there are 1235 years. F o r the r e m a i n i n g years o f Moses were 40. F o r Joshua, w h o b e c a m e the leader after h i m : 25 years. F o r the elders w h o c a m e after Joshua: 30 years. F o r the judges a n d w h a t is i n c l u d e d i n the b o o k o f Judges: 490 years.
8 7

Xcbpaxa npocpdast pev Sid xouq KaxaxXuapouc,, x d 8' f\v d p a xcov Epcopevaw

coc, Kxnaiac, i o x o p a - coaxe

O U S E V di;iopvnp6-

v e u r o v " E X X n a i v iaxopEtxai n p o ' n y u y o u , TtXf|v OopcovEcoc, xou 55


r

oDYXP

o v

'

C T a v T O C

auxcp Kai I v d x o u x o u OoptovEcoc, naxpoc., 6c, Ttpcoxoc, 'Apyouc, epaatXEUOEv, cbc. AKOuaiXaoc, Icrropei. xouxou 9uYdTnp'Icb, fjv I a i v pEXovopdaavxEc, OEPOUOT. Kai xoaauxa pev n p o ' n y u y o u . K-Td 6 E T O U C , T O U T O U xpovouc, Et;fjX9 A i y u n T o u . Kai cbc, O U K dniarov X O X E x a u x a aupPfjvai, S E I K V U P E V

the

Mojuafjc, an' 60

latter's father, w h o was t h e first k i n g o f A r g o s , as Acusilaus records i n his h i s t o

ouxcoc;- d n 6 xfjc E C O 8 O U M W U O E C O C , e n i K u p o v , 6c EPaaiAEuaE p x a xrjv aixpaXtocriav, EXT) , a a X ' Mcouaecoc, yap lxr\ x d X o t n d p ' . T n a o u x o u px" KTvoviJYr|aapEvou K E ' . FIpEapviTEpojv Exn X ' xcov pExd'Inaouv. Kpixcov TOJV XE EV XT] (3if3Xcp xcov Kpixdjv nEpiExop^vcov Exn up'.

test: Eus. S y n c . 43 Kara 51-53

48 des. Eus.

57 inc. Eus.: Kai UE6'StEpa

58 Aiyurrrou des. Sync. (sequiturl. 75) Kai Qopwvevc, 6 vide, 'Iv&xov


vc

ps. I o . Ant. fr. 1 M - 4 (556 R e ) 'O nap' "EXXrjmv apxaioq'nyvyoq


T O U

Thy Sitx. Mvwo&toq an' Aiyvnxov i^oSov TOV Xaov ffoav. hub y a p ' O y u y o u uexp' "fa 'DAt>f<KOpou TOV TIipowvfiamXicoq E t n .OCTAE'.

maSoq, rjyovv pXP'

49-53

> F24.7-9.17-19
6 The chronology found in Eusebius' version, and favored by Routh and Gelzer, assigns 217 years to the period from O l . 1,1 to 1 Cyrus (Ol. 55,1). These additional two years lengthen the period from Ogygus to Cyrus from 1235 to 1237 years. Syncellus' reading is to be preferred for the following reasons: a) the number'1235' is independently attested in a fragment of ps. John of

ps. I o . Ant. fr. 28* (570 Ro.) lEuipapic f) 7tpi|36r|Toc TtoXAaxoO Tfjc yfjc fjyEipe x^uata, Ttpo-

9aaei p s v S i a TOUC KataicXuapouc- r d S ' f j o a v d p a xtbv eptopevujv C'IUVTWV K a T o p u a a o p s v c o v o i Tdcpoi, <(bc> KTr|Oiac iaropEL. F59a,20-22; T77a,5s 64 - > T39a

53-56

- > T48; F50,3s

61-70

- > T 6 . 9 - 1 4 ; F35.1; F58a,l-6;

51-53 Ctesias FGrHist 688 F l . l i 53-56 56 cf. Hdt. 2,41


1

Acusilaus FGrHist 2 F23c

55s

cf. Eus., can." 27,10-15

Antioch (fr. l * , l - 4 Ro.);

b) this number also reflects the chronology of Hebrew history outlined

in U. 61-67 (on which, see also the following note). The numbering of years found in Eusebius is thus likely to be a correction, intended to bring the total years into agreement with the actual
1

43 TECXOC] ETOC, Eus.:0 | aiE' Sync. oiC Eus. Routh Gelzer" | Kupou Sync. | ,aa\t' , a a \ C Eus. R o u t h Gelzer " Routh G e l z e r airdvSync.
1 m s 1 11 1

Sync. ps. Io. Ant. | taurbv]


1

number of elapsed years from O l . 1,1 to 55,1 (= 217, reckoning inclusively). A similar problem occurs in F93,54-59, see n. 6. 7 The chronology of Hebrew history given below illustrates the primacy of Hebrew chronology in Africanus' system of reckoning (see introduction p. X X I I ) . The sum of the separate segments of Hebrew history from the Exodus to the end of the Captivity comes to 1235 (not 1237) years. For other witnesses confirming the accuracy of this number, see the supplementary references provided in the apparatus (especially T6). 8 This also includes the periods of anarchy and peace, cf. T 6 , l l and T39.

44 EitiXoytCdpEvoc Eus. | r d < Eus. | , a o \ ' Sync. ps. Io. Ant. ,aoAC Eus.
1 4

45 Etn < E u s / N D (+ D ) | dvaXoyiav] dvdXuaiv Eus. 46 'flyuyou Eus.:BN


1

| e u p i o K e r a i Eus.

| im + T6 Eus.:IN 50

47 EOTI KaTa\a(?eIv] ETtiKaTaXapEivSync.

ArriKf|v] at>TiKf)v Sync.

oi) rtoAo] oil TCXEOOI Gelzer"" fj TtoXu uel nou Moss. (cf. etiam T59a)

51

5ia|36r|TOc] npip6r|TOC ps. Io. Ant.

56Td> Di.

iouc A

58

Mumorjc drc' AiyimTou - Eus.:I | T6TE < 61 MIOUOECDC yap ETT r d Xoutd O -

B | aupPaiveiv O 60 ,aaXE' scripsimus (vide supra) ,aaXC Eus. I ( M . y. r d X. grn) ~ B N fern y. M. r d X.)

62 f | y r | a a p E v o u + Etn B N 63'Ir|crou I N

78

Iulius Africanus

F34 Synchronism of the Exodus and Ogygus

79

65

'IepEcov 6e'HA.t K a i ZauoufjX ETTJ 9'. Tcbv 6 ' e<;f)c, (3aaiXcovEBpaicov zvr\ TETpaKoaia 0'. < T f | c 8' Xeiac, E T O C ; ETT] ,aK', aixpaXcoaiac;

For the priests E l i a n d Samuel: 90 years. For the k i n g s o f the H e b r e w s w h o c a m e next: 490 years. E T O C f\v K u p o u (3aatMCOUOECOC Kdv TOIC, < A n d for the C a p t i v i t y : 70 years>, the last year o f w h i c h was, as w e have s a i d before, the first year o f t h e r e i g n o f C y r u s . F r o m M o s e s u p to the t h e r e are the 5 5
t h

Ep6oufiKOVTa,> rjc

TO TEXEUTOIOV

TtpcoTov,

cbc; npoipfJKapv. E T I I 8k TipcbTnv O X u p m d S a d n o ,aa\e',

first

Olympiad

Einep ETti TCEVTnKoaTfjc; TtEpTCTnc; E T O C ; npcbTov err\

1020

years, if, as is the case, t h e r e are

1235

years u p to the first year o f

70

TiXXnviKoic cxuvEopapEv 6 xpovoc;. METa 6e " O y u y o v 6 i d Tf]v dno T O C E U E I V E V f\ vuv xalov fj xov K a x a K X u o p o u noXXfjv cpOopav dBaaiXEUpETd'Dyuyov A K -

O l y m p i a d : A n d the c h r o n o l o g y i n the G r e e k h i s t o r i e s c o i n c i d e d .

A f t e r O g y g u s , because o f the great d e s t r u c t i o n w r o u g h t b y the f l o o d , w h a t is now k n o w n as A t t i c a r e m a i n e d w i t h o u t a k i n g for there never e x i s t e d A c t a e u s , the names, so P h i l o c h o r u s asserts. 189 years u n t i l the time of

ATTiKf] uexpc KEKponoc E T T ) pnG'. T O V yap

Td

n X a a a o p E v a TCOV dvoudrcov O U 5 E ysvEaoai cpnol (DiXoxopoc;.

C e c r o p s . For [other]

successor to

O g y g u s , or

those

[.-]
75 A n d ' O y T j y o u r o i v u v km K u p o v , o n o o a d n o E T T ] ,ao\e'. M C O U O E C O C E H ! T O V auTov x p o v o v , a X X d xai'EXXrjvcov S E T I V E C ; LoTopouai KaTa T O U C auTouc x p o v o u c y-

fictitious

[...]
F r o m O g y g u s , t h e n , t o C y r u s , w h i c h are M o s e s to the same t i m e , t h e r e are 1235 as m a n y years as there are from years. A n d s o m e o f the Greeks also state same t i m e . P o l e m o n , for e x a m p l e , of Phoro-

veaGcu M c o u a e a . FIoXEpcov uev E V Tfj npcbTn Tcov'EXXnviKcbv iaTopicov Xeycov- Eni 'AniSoc T O O <t>opcovecoc uolpa T O U A i y u n T t c o v OTpaTou eceneaev A i y u n T o u , o'i E V

i n t h e i r histories that M o s e s l i v e d a b o u t the states i n the first b o o k o f his Hellenicae:

"At the t i m e o f A p i s the son

neus, a p o r t i o n o f the E g y p t i a n a r m y was test: Eus.


2

expelled f r o m E g y p t ; t h e y settled i n

71

inc. Sync. : Kai u e t ' dXiya et Sync. : ( T55.3-14) ... 6>q avxbq AcppiKavdq ueu.ap72
(1,94_>

TupnKev ev apxfi TOU Tpirou Adyou eiraovSync. : K a i pe0' T p a 65 75 inc. Sync. [ A B


1

prt9' des. Sync.': T55,18s

74

Eus.: K a i au8ic,,

] : K a i per' dXiya aXXocpvXcvv uijvaq d>q iori

Petr. A l e x . (190,34-39 Samodurova) IXei 6 lepevq ertj K'.T) K I / W O C hyfjrwv rwv aXXofvXwv inavaoravrivv 71s

r) Kificordq ev OIKW AuivaSaf} Kai EauovfjX SiKafav ev vedrrjri rov Xadv iv eiprjvfl Sidyovra err] K'. Kai uera ravra 68-70 rQ Xaw Zap.ovf)X eKnoXeprjoaq aiirovq, yvuvoci tK re rcov ys.ypapp.ivav AfpiKavu F51a,19s iv rw XpovtKW ovyypa.pp.an Kai irepotq xpovoypa<poiq.

= F54b,2s; - F54a,4s; F54c; T55,16s; Eus., c h r o n . (85,15-17 Karst) U n d 76-87 ps. lust., c o h . Gr. 9,2

n a c h Ogigos s e i v o n wegen der grofien Verwtistung d u r c h d i e Sintflut ohne Kdnigtum, sagen sie, gewesen d a s j e t z t Attikagenanntebis z u Kekrops 190 Jahre lang. (34,11-17 M a r c o v i c h ) 'Ev yap roiq xpovoiq 'ilyvyov re Kai Iv&xov, ovq Kai yrjyeveiq TIVEC ruiv nap' vp.lv vneiXrjcpam yeyevfjoBai, Mivvoiloq p.ipvr\vrai tiiq rjyepovoq re Kai apxovroq rov rivv 'IovSaiwv yivovq. ovrco yap rioXEptov TE iv rjj np(brr\ TCOV 'EAAr|viKu>v ioTopiuYv uiuvnrai Kai Arcmcov 6 rioOEi6coviou ev Tfj KaTd'IouSaiuiv pipXa) K a i EV tfl TETdpTn T i i v ioTopui)v, Xevurv K a r a "Iva^ov Apycvc, |3acnXea, ApuroiSoc. AiyuTCTiaiv |3aaiAiiovToc,, drtooTfivai 'Iou6aiouq, i i v f|yla6ai M i O D o l a . 77-80 ^ T 4 8 ; F50.3-7; ps. Io. Ant.fr. 1*,10-14 (556 Ro.)"On 6i'Oyvycv o-vvrjKp.a(,e Mavorjq, TloXipiov EV npd)Tcp'IaTopi<i)v'EXXr|viKiI)v ioTOpEt XEyuiv ETII 'Amfioc. TOU OopcovEox; poipa TOU AiyimTiaiv orparoO E^Tteasv AiyurtTou, oi EV T(j riaXaiaTivr] KaXoupivp Zupia oii rt6ppui ApaSiac. cpKnaav. SfjXov Si on rovrovq 71s F13 65s'Iepti>v...o' < B 67 Tfjc,...|38opiJKOvTa Vig. mdSoc. B N 69
3 2

<pnol rovq fiera Mwvoeivq i(,eX66vraq CKeidev 'Efipaiovq.

cf. S y m . Log. (Th. Mel. 26,27 - 27,2 = Leo Gr. 28,2-5); ps. Sym. f. 38' = Cedr. 143,10-14; E d . 7 1 - 7 3 Philochorus FGrHist 328 F92 7 7 - 8 0 Polemo, Hellenica (Argolica) F H G 3

Hist. 176,14-18

68 npcurov < B | rtpdVrr|v I O 7tpd)Tr|C. B N | 'OXup


2 3

TievTr|Kocrrfjc, TtEpTCTnc B N TCEvrnKOCTfjc. TTEUTCTOU I VE' O | ,aak&' scripsimus (vide 71 M E T O 6E] dnd psv Sync. | 'nyuyou Sync. Sync.
2 1 3

supra) ,aaX(' E u s .
1

72 pixpi KEKponoc. < Sync. 73 cpnoi + 6 Sync.


2 2

Tn] ETEOIV S y n c . | y a p pTd Eus. pv yap Sync. | p E T d + T6V EUS.:B Sync. ,aoXC E u s . Routh Gelzer
2 2

75 Kupou
1

Sync. | x d v CCUT6V xpovov Eus. T i i v auTciv xpovcov Sync. TOV a u t o u xpovov Sync. | dXXd<Eus. | auTouEus.d
1

76 ,OOXE' Sync.
2

77 tfl < Sync.

|
1

XEyEiSync.
2

78 T O U ] TIOV E u s . : I | AiyuTniiov] AiyurtTiaKou Sync. | AiyunTou] EV AiyuTtTcp Sync. 1 o'i] rj Sync.

80

Iulius Africanus

F34 Synchronism of the Exodus and Ogygus

81

xfj n a X a i o T i v n Ka\ouu.vn E u p i g ou Ttoppco Apaf5ia<; cpKnaav. ouxoi SrjXovoxi oi p e x d MCOUOECOC,. Articov Se 6 noaeiScoviou nepiepyoxaxoc, ypappaxuccbv E V xfj K a x d 'IouSaicov (3i(3Xcp K a i E V xfj TExdpxn yovc, aioc,
TCOV

the part o f Syria c a l l e d Palestine, n o t far f r o m Arabia" (these are clearly t h o s e who w e n t w i t h Moses). A n d A p i o n son o f Posidonius, the m o s t p a i n s t a k i n g o f Judaeos a n d i n the f o u r t h b o o k o f h i s t h a t d u r i n g the r e i g n o f Inachus k i n g o f Argos, w h e n A m o s i s was k i n g grammarians, states i n his b o o k Adversus Historiae

iaTopicbv cpnai Kaxd " I v a x o v ' A p -

p a a i X e a , Aptbaioc, AiyuTtxicov (3aaiXi3ovxoc,, dTtooxfjvai 'IouSaiouc,, cbv


EV

f|yela0ai-Mcouaea. pEuvnxai Se Kai'HpoSoxoc, xfjc; dTtoaxaaiac, xauxnc. Kai Apco xfj Sfiuxepg, xpoTtcp Se
XIVI

of the E g y p t i a n s , the Jews revolted, u n d e r t h e leadership o f Moses. H e r o d o t u s also has m a d e m e n t i o n b o t h o f this r e v o l t a n d o f A m o s i s i n his second b o o k , and i n a c e r t a i n w a y o f the Jews themselves, n u m b e r i n g t h e m a m o n g those w h o practice c i r c u m c i s i o n a n d calling t h e m A s s y r i a n s i n Palestine, perhaps o n ac count o f A b r a h a m . A n d Ptolemy o f M e n d e s , w h o recorded the h i s t o r y o f t h e Egyptians f r o m the b e g i n n i n g , agrees w i t h a l l o f t h e m , so t h a t t h e v a r i a t i o n i n dates is n o t e v e n w o r t h y o f further c o m m e n t . But i t s h o u l d be n o t e d that i f ever any remarkable story is r e c o r d e d b y t h e Greeks because o f its antiquity, this w i l l be f o u n d to have o c c u r r e d after Moses: the floods a n d fires, Prometheus, I o , E u r o p e , the Sparti, the rape o f K o r e , t h e mysteries, e n a c t m e n t o f laws, the e x p l o i t s o f Dionysus, Perseus, the labors o f Heracles, t h e A r g o n a u t s , the Centaurs, t h e M i n o t a u r , the s t o r y o f Troy, t h e r e t u r n o f t h e Heraclidae, the settlement o f I o n i a , and the O l y m p i c s . So i t
9

KaiTouSaicov aoxcov, ev xolc, Ttepixepvopevoic,

auTouc KCtxapiGpcbv K a i Aaaupiouc, xouc. E V xfj n a X a i a x i v n dnoKaXcbv, x d ^ a 81' AfSpadp. n x o X e p a l o c , Se 6 MevSfjaioc, x d AiyuTtxicov dvEKaGev iaxopcov d r t a a i xouxoic. cruvxpexEi- cbax' o u S ' Eiciaripoc, eni anpiEicoxeov
SE TTXEOV

fj xcov vp6vcov rtapaXXayfj.

cbc, 6 xt

TTOXE

ecaipexov "EXXnai S i ' d p x a i o x n x a puGeuexat, pexd

Mcouaea xoOG' eupiaKexai- KaxaKXuapoi xe K a i EKirupcbaeic,, ripopnGeuc, 'Icb, EupcbTm, E r t a p T o i , Kopnc, dpTtayfj, poaxfjpia, v o p o O e a i a i , A i o v u a o u rtpd^eic,, Ilepaevc,, dGXoi ' H p d K A e i o i , A p y o v a u x a i , K e v x a u p o i , Mivcbxaupoc, x d n e p i T X i o v , HpctKXeiScbv KaGoSoc,, 'Icovcuv d n o i K i a K a i 'OXupmdSec,. eSo^e Sfj p o i xfjc, AxTiKtjc, (3aaiAeiac; x o v n p o e i p n p e v o v EKXiGevai x p o v o v , napaxiGevai peXXovTi Taic/E(3paiKaTc, iaxopiaic, xdc,'EXXnviKdc,. e^eaxai y a p xco (JouXopevcp nap' xf)v dpvj]v Kopi(opevco Xoyi^eaGai xov dpiGpov opoitoc, epoi.
OUKOOV

epou

xcov ,a

K a i K ' EXCOV

xcov p^xP npcoxnc, 'OXupmdSoc, d n o


EXEI XO ETTI

MCOUCECOC, X E

seemed g o o d t o m e to set o u t the a f o r e m e n t i o n e d c h r o n o l o g y o f t h e A t t i c k i n g d o m , since i t is m y i n t e n t i o n t o set o u t the Greek a n d H e b r e w narratives side b y side. A n d thus anyone w h o wishes t o take his s t a r t i n g - p o i n t f r o m m e can r e c k o n t h e n u m b e r o f years i n t h e same w a y as I do. So t h e n , i n t h e first year o f the 1020 years e x t e n d i n g f r o m Moses a n d O g y gus u p t o t h e first O l y m p i a d , the Passover a n d the Exodus o f the H e b r e w s f r o m Egypt t o o k place. B u t i n Attica the f l o o d at the t i m e o f Ogygus o c c u r r e d , a n d

Kai 'Clyvyov eKKEipevcov, npcbxcp pev drt* A i y u T t x o u . ev Se xfj AxxiKfj 6 \ 6 y o v . tcov y a p AiyuTtTicov opyfj

IldcTxa K a i xcov 'Ej3paicov e^oSoc, f|


XE

' f l y u y o u y i v E x a i KaxaKXuapoc,, Kai K a x d xaAd(aic, Kai xsipcbai uaaritbpEvcov si-

GEOO

test.: Eus. S y n c . Sync. 86s

85 KarapiSucBv des. Sync.

w i t h g o o d reason. For w h e n the E g y p t i a n s were being scourged b y t h e w r a t h o f God w i t h hailstones a n d tempests, i t was f i t t i n g for certain parts o f t h e e a r t h to
90 F50,17s; T61 an' Aiyvnrov 9 7 - 1 0 1 ps.

ps. l u s t . , coh. Gr. 9,2 (34,17s Marcovich) K a i IlToAeuaioc, Si 6 MevSijaioc, rd Aiyurrrtuiv <dv89 infra a d 1. 103s

Ka6ev> icrropiov arcaoi T o u r o i q cruvrpexei. Io. Ant. ff. l * , 5 - 9 (556 Ro.) "Ore TO Ilaoja 'Qyiyov yeyove KaTaKXvcubq.

suffer a l o n g w i t h t h e m . For i t was a p p r o p r i a t e that the A t h e n i a n s s h o u l d exper-

Kai r) T&V

"Efipaiwv

e^oSoq

iytvcTo,

ini

Kai e'lKOTwq- rciv y a p AiyuTfriajv 6pyfj 6eou xaAdijaic, K a i x^'Uiivi u a o -

Tii^oiiEvujv, eiK6c, rjv pepp rivd auprrdcrxeiv Tfjc, yfjc- e n re A9qvaiouc; T<I>V aiiTdiv AfyvmTloic, dnoXaueiv ekdc, f j v , dnoiKOuc. eKeivaiv unovooupivouc,, die, cpaaiv. 8 0 - 8 3 Apion F G r H i s t 616 F2 92 Tricaranus F G r H i s t 72 F20a 79 tcoAouuevr] Sync.'-.A' \eyopivr| ante corr. A | ApafSiac] Zupiaq Eus.:B | OOTOI Sync. Sync. p s . Io. Ant. aiiToi E u s .
1 1 2

8 3 - 8 6 cf. Hdt. 2,162.104 99-102

86s

Ptolem. Mendes. FGrHist 611 T2b

cf. Sync. 145,1-3; 190,16 - 191,12

ps. Theopompus (= Anaximenes Lampsacenus),

80 Annicov Sync. p s . lust.


2 1

8 0 - 8 7 Ania>v...napaXAayf| < Eus.:B


2

80
2

6Eus.ps.

lust. <Sync. Sync. puiv < Eus.:ND 85 roue. < Sync. 87


1 4

| nooiSovviou Sync. riooiSurviou Sync.


2

| Tfj] t o l c Eus.:ND
1

81 Si8Aa)...i0To| aurdiv < Sync.


1 2

82 AiyuTtrou Sync. 83s


1 2

83 ijyeloflai Eus. ps. lust. yiveaOai Sync. Sync. 1 dnooTdaeajc,


1 4

Eus.:ND'(corr. D ) djerr'] toe. Sync.


1

K a l . . . S e u T e p a < E u s / N D (+ D )
1 1

84
1

T I V K Sync.
1

| 6i'] 6id T6V Sync. |


1 4

86 6e Eus. ps. lust, r e Sync. 88 | 6] e" Sync.


1 1 1

| eKa9ev Eus.:I | iatopiuiv Sync. 89


1 1 4

nAeiov Sync.

pexd + y E Sync.

r e < Sync. Eus.:I (+D ) 97 TO] TCO EUS.:B

Portions of Africanus' catalogue of events of Greek history coincide with subjects treated in the surviving fragments of ps. John of Antioch (frs. 3*, 9*, 12*, 13*, 15*, 16*), an author known to have drawn on Africanus' chronicle. Africanus may thus have intended his summary to be a programmatic statement of topics subsequently treated in book three of the Chronographiae.

91 TOpoeu S y n c . < E u s . i N D ( + D ) 91 MivuYraupoi Eus.:N

deXioiSync.

91s

Apyovaurai..nXiov < E u s ^ D

92TAiov] iavXiav Sync.

94 e^eorai Eus. e^Eario Sync.

98s K a i Kard Aoyov < Eus.:B 99 yap Sync.^A'B Eus. nap'ante c o r r . A | XEipcbvi Eus.:BN

82

Iulius Africanus

F34 Synchronism of the Exodus and Ogygus

83

100

K6C, f|V u e p r ) T i v d ov\inaoYiv d i r o X a u E i v E I K O C ; fjv

Tfjc, yfjc,- 'in T E A9r|vaiouc, Tibv auTtbv AiyuTTTtou; urtovooupevouc;, (be, epaenv dXXot T E K a l E V Tea T p i K a p c t v c o @67TopTtoc;. 6 5 E psTatu xpovoc, TTapaXsXEiiTTai, E V OJ pnSfev EcjaipEtoy " E X A n a i v iatopEiTai. peta 5 E tsaaapa Kal V v f | K O V T a 'irr\ rjv npopn9i3c;, cbc; T I V E C ; . 6 C ; n X d a a E i v dvGpcbTtouc, p u 0 U T O - aocpoc; y a p cbv EIC, TtatSEiav auTobc,
COTOIKOUC; E K E L V I O V

ience the same t h i n g s t h e E g y p t i a n s d i d , since t h e y are c o n s i d e r e d t o be e m i grants f r o m t h e m , as is stated, a m o n g others, b y T h e o p o m p u s i n his Tricaranus.

But the i n t e r v e n i n g p e r i o d is i g n o r e d , i n w h i c h n o e x t r a o r d i n a r y event has b e e n recorded by the Greeks i n t h e i r h i s t o r y . A f t e r 94 years, there was Prometheus,

a c c o r d i n g t o some, w h o w a s said i n l e g e n d to f o r m m e n ; for b e i n g a wise m a n he t r a n s f o r m e d t h e m f r o m t h e i r extreme crudeness i n t o a n educated c o n d i t i o n .

105

and xfjc, d y a v ISiojTEtac, pETsnAaaaE.

test.: Eus. S y n c .

104

Tivec, des. Sync. : T a u x a 6 AcppiKavbc, ev xeb xpixcp Xoycp 9iXaXf|8cdc, K a i ep-

paprupcoc; icrxopcbv d^iOTuaTorepoc, e l v a i poi SOKE! Kara irdvra Euospiou, ev xouxtu xeb Kara TOV Miouaea K a i rr\v an' Aiyurrrou n o p e i a v Xdycu e^tov, cbc, rtpodpnxai, K a i roue, EK rcepixopfjc; dpoepcovovc. K a i TOUC K a r a Xpiarov cpiAooocpr|oavTac, ii, 'EXXrjvcov KXqpevxa T6V Xxpcopaxia K a i Taxiavov, (be, auxdq Euaepioe ev xeb rcpooipito TOO K a v o v o c , COSE rccoc ypd90>v cruppaprupei... ( T48a) 105 des. Eus.: T a u x a pev 6 AcppiKavdc. pEXaptbpev 6' r)peTq ecp' erepov.

103-105

F54a,6s; F56.2-5.10-13; Eus., c a n . " (35 Helm) Secundum quorundam opinionem fuit Prometheus, a quo homines factos esse commemorant. Et re vera. C u m enim

Hl

his temporibus

sapiens esset, feritatem eorum et nimiam imperitiam ad humanitatem et scientiam transfigurabat. Sync. (174,22s Moss.) TOUTOJC rofc vpdvoic, cbc <pam, IlpopnQeuc r^v, 6c, epu6euTO rcXdxxEiv dv6pci)Tcouc; anaiSevoiaq Kai ciXoyiac. eic, rcaiSeuoiv peraywv. Sym. Log. (Leo Gr. [27,7-9 Bekker] = T h . M e l . [26,11-13 Tafel]) Kara rovrovc, rove, xpovovc. npopr|0uc. puSeuerai 0096c, tov ev naiSeia, iv fi TOVIC, dvBptbnouq duo iSctuxELac pEXErtXaaEV. Eel. Hist. (188,4-6 Cramer) Kai npopr|8Euc uev rcXdTTEiv dv9ptbrtouc EpuSEUETO' 0096c. ydp cbv anb xfjc. dyav iSicoriac, pEXertAaxxEv auxouc eic, (pt\oao(f>iav.

103-105 cf.
100

I o . Mai. 4,3; Io. Ant. fr. 24.1; Exc. Barb. 228,6-9; Anon. Matr. 14,8-11
1

Exi XE p s . Io. Ant., sicut iam coniecerat Routh, quem secutus est Gelzer"" 6xe y Eus. OXE Sync. drcoXaueiv EIKOC, qv ~ Eus.:0 (E. t). d.)
1

101

101-103

Ev...r)v < Eus.:B

102

TpiKapdvcp Eus.TG (O F35 The Chronology from Adam to Samuel


1

incertus) TpiKaprjviu N D | 6e < Sync.

105 pExsrcXaooE I pExertXaoe O pETErtXaxxE B N

Then from the end of Joshua to the end of Samuel there are 6 1 0 y e a r s , from Noah and the Flood 2120 years, from Adam 4 3 8 2 years.
3 4

1 F35 Symeon Logothetes (Leo Grammaticus [30,1-3 B e k k e r ] = Theodosius 2

The numbers from this unattributed excerpt, which are given in larger print, accurately represent Africanus' system. Africanus assigned 30 years to the elders after Joshua, 490 years to the judges, and 90 years to Samuel (30 + 490 + 90 = 610, see F34,63-65). In Africanus' system, the 90 years of Samuel end not with his death, but rather with the end of his leadership and the transfer of power to Saul

M e l i t e n u s [ 2 8 , 1 0 s Tafel])

TivETai roivuv duo xfjc XEXeuxfjc 'InooO E n i xqv XEXEUXHV Zapouf)X Tr| X ' , KaxaKXuapoO T n ,|3pK', drco ASdp TT| ,6T7T(3'.

a 7 t 0

NcbE K a i rob

(cf. 1 Sam 12,1-25). T h e reference in this passage to the "end of Samuel" suggests that its author failed to grasp the distinction. 3 For the basis of this calculation, see T6,5-12: 1015 (from Noah to Abrahams migration) + 430 (sojourn of Israel i n Canaan and Egypt) + 40 (the period i n the wilderness) + 25 (rule of Joshua) + 610 (see above) = 2120 years. 4 2262 (the year of the Flood) + 2120 (see previous note) = 4382. For Africanus' dating of the Flood in A M 2262, see T45, lOf. For a different calculation see also T40,lf, which numbers 4292 years from Adam to Eli. The additional 90 years to the end of Samuel (F34,65) make a total of 4382 years.

Is

Iul. Pol. (104,12-14 Hardt) Tivovxai oi!v drco'Ir|OOi) rov Navfj ECOC AaviS Ext] ipt'. and Se KT/CTEWC 1 Exr|Xi'- T6,10-12;F34,63-65;F58a,5s
>

Koapov EXT) ,Sv'.

2 xr| ,6pK'> T6.5-12; T45,10s (et

saepe) | Ixq .SXTCP' - * T6.4-12; F34.65; T 4 0 , l s 2 PK' T h . M e l . | dr(6 + 6E Bekker

84
T36

Iulius Africanus

T36 Synchronism of Ehud and the Flood of Deucalion

85

G e o r g i u s Syncellus ( 1 8 0 , 2 0 - 2 4 M o s s h a m m e r )

T36 ertl AEUKaXicovoc,

Synchronism

of Ehud

and the Flood

of

Deucalion

'EB5ounKoaT(I>

ETEI TOU

Acb6 cprjotv 6 A 9 p t K a v 6 c ,

TOV

KCVTCUCXU-

A f r i c a n u s says t h a t i n the s e v e n t i e t h

year o f E h u d the f l o o d at t h e t i m e o f

C p O V . dXA' OUK fam TOUTO dKpifSSc drcoSelcai rclrv n a p ' "EXXqoi rcdvruiv xpovtov StaacpaXXopevtov _ oaoi-Ttpo tfjc rrpcoTnc OXupmd8oc i c T o p n v r a i , 7tXf|v OTI TOO dXnSouc iyyuc earoxdaaro, enei K a i f|petC TrapanXnaicoc, pf| exovrec dXXo Ti rcepiooorepov Sel^at.

D e u c a l i o n o c c u r r e d . But this cannot be demonstrated precisely, since Greek chronology, to the extent that there is even a record of it before the 1
st

Olympiad, is in complete

confusion.

Nevertheless, his conjecture approximates the truth, since our conjecture also is close to his, and we lack any further information to bring to light.

Is

T 5 5 ; F34,89; Sym. Log. (Leo Gr. [28,2-5 Bekker] = T h . Mel. [26,27 - 27,2 Tafel] Cedr. [146, e^Sdua ifiaoiXtvoe rr)q A Troche Kixpoy d Supvnc. Sid

17s B e k k e r ] ) Tovrov (sc. Aod) iv iret axooTU)

TO Svo yAuioocuc, XaXeiv. ev Si T<I> OC 6 KaraKXuopoc iv QtaaaXia Kai kiQionia vn'avrG>v uvnuovivTai. A n o n . Matr. (14,8-11 Bauer) AwS KptTr/q ETn n'in (pvXfjq'Ecppaip. Kam TOVTOVC. Tipoundevq Kai 'EmunOEvq, A r A a c Kai 6 navomnc, "Apyoc, K a i 6 em AeuKaXicovoc KaraxXuapoc vnd EXXijvcov uvr/uovivtTai. E x c . Barb. (228,6-9 Frick) In diebus Naoth (sc. Aod) et Semega filium eius iudicum in ipsis T37
n

scribuntur fuisse Promitheus et Epimitheus et Atlas et prouidens Algus, item Deucalios, et post eos diluuius sub Gregorum. The Family ofAbimelech

1 cf. I u d 3,15-30 I s cf. Eus., chron. 34,27-35,4; 86,20-22; Eus., can. " 160; Io. Mai. 4,3; Eel. Hist. 189,9-17; Anon. Matr. 14,3-5 [AB] l'EpSoppKOOTii)] oC Sym. Log. I s KaraxXuapdv B KaraKXoiopdv A

As for this Abimelech and his 70 brothers, the book of Judges initially states plainly that they were sons of Gideon; but it then says they were sons of his brother Jerubbaal, who came to live with G i deon around the end of his life, as it is written there. This appears to be somewhat problematic. N o w A f r i c a n u s says t h a t t h e y were a l l sons o f Jerubbaal.
3

T37

G e o r g i u s Syncellus ( 1 8 6 , 2 0 - 2 4 M o s s h a m m e r )

TOUTOV T 6 V AfJcpeXex K a i TOUC O' dSeXepouc aurou f| (3i(3Xoc T i i v KpircLYv TtpdVrov pev TOV TeSetbv u i oi>c Xeyei rpavtoc, 7iira 5e TOU d8eX(|>ou aurou 'Iepo(3adX, 6c auvipKnae Ttp TeSeiuv nepi r d reXn aurou, (be aur69i yeypartTai, K a i SOKE! rrcuc dnopov elvai. A(ppiKav6<; 5 E TOU ' i E p o P a c i X a u TOUC, T38 Abdon the Judge

XeyEi

roxvTac,. Abdon acted as judge of Israel for eight years. A f r i c a n u s i n c o r r e c t l y says t h a t i t was 20 y e a r s . A M 4242.
4

l s c f . I u d 8,30s 2s cf. Iud 8,29; 8,35 - 9,2 3s cf. Iud 9,ls.5.24.28; II Regn 11,21

1 T38 G e o r g i u s Syncellus (193,9s M o s s h a m m e r )

See Gelzer 1,120, who suggests that Syncellus confused Deucalion's flood with a flood i n Thessaly which Africanus dated to the time of Ehud. Africanus himself assigned Deucalion's flood to the time of Gothoniel. Note that Anon. Matr. gives both dates for Deucalion's flood (14,3-5: Gothoniel; 14,8-11: Ehud; see app.).

ApScov KpiTf]c e K p i v e rdv'Iapaf)X ern r\'. AcpptKavoc. XT\ K ' (pnaiv OU KCtXcDc;. TOU 6e K o a p o u f]v eroc ,6apP'.

2 3

Following Symeon Logothete (see app.), Unger 1867,185 and 188, emends this to the 77 year of Ehud. O n the name of Abimelech's father, see Judges 8,31 (Gideon); 9,1 (Jerubbaal). O n the identifi cation of Jerubbaal with Gideon, see Judges 6,32 (MT); 7,1; 8,35. The confusion to which Syn cellus refers may have arisen from Judges 8,29, which seems to distinguish between the two men.

th

cf.Iud 12,14 [AB] 2,6ap(3'B,5aKP'A 4

T h e source of Africanus' 20-year chronology of Abdon's rule is unknown. Cf. Routh 442, who suggests that Syncellus knew a corrupted text of Africanus, which confused the Greek numerals 20 (K') and 8 (n').

86

Iulius Africanus

T39 The Chronology after Joshua

87

T39
T 3 9 a G e o r g i u s Syncellus ( 2 0 4 , 1 - 9 M o s s h a m m e r )

T39

The Chronology

after

Joshua

T39a As to the chronology of Joshua son of Nun and the elders who succeeded him, Scripture has omitted any mention. But the unwritten tradition has handed down 27 years for Joshua and 18 years for the elders. A n d on this there is almost universal agreement. But only Eusebius of Caesarea has not accepted the chronology for the elders, w h e r e a s A f r i c a n u s assigned t h e m 30
1

T& uev'Iqoou TOU Naufj K a i TUJV net' a i i r o v 7tpea|3uTpu>v fj ypacpfj napemai7tqaev, f| Se dypacpoc
auvf|9eia TOU pev Ipoou K C , TCOV Se TtpeofuTEpcov m ' rcapeScoKEK a i OUTCO cxeSdv TOVTEC

dpocpcuvouaiv.

EiiosBioc SE p o v o c 6 K a i a a p E u c r a rdiv r c p E a S u T E p a i v ou rcapeXaBsv, 6 Se Acppi

Kavoc,

eTt] X'

auTOlC,

d T t i v e i p e v , cu rcXeicrra K Q T E y K a X e i 6 Euae|3ioc cbc, peydXa, cppai, ^poc,

S i a p i a p r o v T i K a i T o X p q p o r d T c p r c p d y p a n ertiKexetpriKdTi,

TOUTOIC, aXXa

o' err],

Ta

p' p'.

years. Eusebius censures h i m in the strongest terms for having been greatly in error, he says, a n d for having pursued an extremely reckless line of inquiry. Besides these 30 years, he

pev dX\'

T O . Tfjc dvapxiac,, X' Se Ta xfjc; eipijvnt; oikoQev 6 pev AcppiKavSc, Tiepi


TOUTCOV

raxpeppaXovTi,

r d 6Xa

cbc; Siacpcovoupevcov ev TeXei

TOU

e' X o y o u

criticizes h i m f o r i n s e r t i n g an a d d i t i o n a l 7 0 years40 years for the period and 30 years o f domestic p e a c e m a k i n g a t o t a l o f 100 o f his

interregnal years.
2

Ka9opoXoyei.

But a

Africanus i n f a c t a l l o w s at t h e end subject o f d i s a g r e e m e n t .

f i f t h b o o k t h a t these m a t t e r s are

3s rai

T6.10; F34,63; Eel. Hist. (187,29 - 188,2 Cramer) YIpeoBvrepoi Si uerd rdv 'Inoovv npoioravTOV Xaov, ini ern tan' (fort, p r o irj')- TOUTCOV rovq xpovovq Evoifiioq TQ avrov xpoviKip Kavoviw AcppiKavSc. Se X' eviaoxouc Xeyei Kparfjoai- irepoi Si KS', Kai &XX01 Kin' (fort, p r o in'), iKredeiKapev Sid rfjv KaB'ffuaq napdSoaiv KaXcoq ovvapuorrovoav. Petr. Alex. t6v dpxaioraTov AcppucavSv ixr\ X'.

npocrrjppooev

ariva npoKpivavreq,

(190,2s Samodurova) Ol perd rdv 'Inoovv npeoBvrepoi Kara.

M i c h . Syr. 3,8 (1,46 Chabot; cf. Barhebr. [15 Wallis Budge]; Hist. Dynast. [36 Pococke]) L'Ecriture ne fait pas connaitre le nombre des annees des Anciens qui dirigerent le peuple apres la mott de Josue; Africanus seul dit qu'ils gouvernerent pendant 30 ans. Sym. Log. (Leo Gr. [27,3-5 Bekker] = T h . Mel. [26,8-10 Tafel]) Mera 'Inoovv npeoBvrepoi iK rfjq lovSa Kai Zvuewv fvXrjq, roiq aXXfjXwv oxoi5s T 6 , l 1; F34.64; Petr. Alex. viouaotv avapepoq fiondovvreq, tndpifla rov Xaov Xeyovrai ixr\ X'.

(190,26-31 Samodurova) K a i r d aXXa K ' ETI) CK Tfjc dvapxiac. K a r a TOV Acppimvov K a i erepouc Xpovoypdcpouc- ... Avapxiac Tfjc n p o y e y p a p p E v r | c , Ka6" fjv Kai f| PouO yvcupi(ETo, E T E p a ixr\ K ' . ipijvr|c Tfjc Ttpdc TOUC dXXo9uXouc TCOV uicov'Iopaf|X K a r a A9piKav6v K a i dXXouc xpovoypd9ouc lxr\ X'. S y m . Log. (Leo Gr. [29,10-16 Bekker] = T h . Mel. [27,26 - 28,3 Tafel] - Iul. Pol. [102,17-21 Hardt]; cf. Cedr. [149,1-5 Bekker]) Kara rovrovq rovqxpovovq'HpaKXfjq iyvwpi(ero, adXovq Siavvoaq Zauaviq 6 rovq SwSeKa {Zauavr\ T h . Mel.) f\yf\aaro rov Xaov eroq ev (6 roue ... Sv < Iul. Pol.), yiveodat, lxr\ u' (< T h . M e l , 1 2 1 cf. Iud 2,7.16-19 3 cf. Eus., chron. 52,12 4 - 6 Eus., chron. (Eel. Hist, et arraen. = T41a,8-13) For the chronological problem caused by this gap, see Adler/Tuffin 2002,252, n. 6; 253, n. 1. For sources of the Byzantine chronographic tradition which draw upon Africanus' chronology of these undated epochs in biblical history, see app. The synchronism between Samson and Heracles found in the chronological notices of Sym. period, see below T41. Log. et al. may also originate in Africanus (see also ps. Io. Ant. fr. 13* [562 Ro.]). For Eusebius' critique of Africanus' treatment of this [A] 1 aiirov Goar airrcov A 4 & Goar d>c A 5 xd p' Moss, re p' A p' Goar

avapxiaq yeyovviaq (y. d. + Kai eipfjvnq Iul. Pol.), Kara rdq'EBpatKaq napaSooeiq, 5re (< Cedr.) K a i EVrparrev eKacnoq onep eBovXero (rjfiovXero Cedr.), oia e'lKdq iv avapxla ola . . . e-rr) p' < Iul. Pol.). (+ Kai rore Th. Mel.) eiprfvnv eoxe npbq rovq aXXofiXovq 6 Xadq ixr\ X' (< Iul. Pol.), Zauavti (Zautovia Th. Mel. Iul. Pol. Zauavfj Cedr.) atJToO (< Cedr.) r\yovuivov.

88

Iulius Africanus

T39 The Chronology after Joshua

89

T 3 9 b A n n i a n u s apud G e o r g i u m Syncellum (37,8-15 M o s s h a m m e r ) "En Si K a l pexd x q v XEXEUXHV Iap\(fu)v rou Kpixou xfjc avapxiac, fjxot elpr|vr|c, TOU Xaou p' exr| ev rib K a r a nXdxoc.
OUK

T39b In addition, he [sc. Eusebius] did not include in his summation the 40 years after the death of Samson, the judge, when the people were without a government, that is, were at peace. But Af

6T|KEV (sc. Eusebius)- 6 5e


OUTOU

AcppiKavdc, aOTlbv pvn p d veU0"e

K a l rf\

TOU

vpovoypacpiou

d p d S i OT>p\|/ncpiadpevoc; r | v a ) 0 .

ricanus d i d m a k e m e n t i o n o f these years, a n d i n t h e s u m t o t a l o f his c h r o n o g r a p h y includes t h e m i n t h e reckoning.


1

T a u x a A v v i a v d c im XECECOC <pnci pepcpopevoc Euae|3iov xdv IlapcpiXou SiKaicuc rcepl xfjc. rtapa5 Xfupecuc xcdv ao' ETUIV. cruvci>5d Si aiixcp Kai TlavdScupoc nepl TOUTCOV eyKaXei, ou xdc, xpn,OEic rapi TOUTOU rtapeXKOv qyoupeSa 7tapa84o9ai.

This is verbatim what Annianus rightly says in his criticism of Eusebius [pupil] of Pamphilus, concerning the omission of 290 years. Panodorus also agrees with Annianus in charging Eusebius for these failings, excerpts from whom we deem it superfluous to quote regarding this matter.

1-3

T 4 1 a , l Is; Exc. Barb. (234,13s Frick) Etpost obitum Sampson sine principem et pacem p e r

annos X L . S y n c . (203,25 Moss.) dvopxiac, K a i eipfjvnc, lrr\ p'. Mich. Syr. 4,7 ([1,57 Chabot]; cf. Vardan A r a w e l c ' i [153a Thomson]) Apres Samson, les enfants d'lsrael furent sans juge pendant 12 arts, lean dit que Samgar succeda a Samson, pendant 40 ans, comme il est aussi ecrit dans ihebreu; les LXX disent 20 ans, et Andronicus 10 ans settlement. Africanus dit q u e les Anciens gouvernerent pendant 40 a n s , parce qu'on etait en temps de paix et de tranquillite; et Lis resterent sans prince pendant 30 a n s . Barhebr. ([16s Wallis Budge]; cf. Hist. Dynast. [42 Pococke]) After Samson the Elders ruled the people for forty years, according to what Africanus stateth, because t h e r e w a s peace a n d quietness, a n d there w a s no n e e d for a m a n to stand at the head of an a r m y . Andronicus says ten years, and twenty years is written in the Septuagint, and others have written twelve. [A] 1 xip D i . xcp Si A 4 Avviavdc, Di. aivvidvoc A 5 navdScopoc Di. navvdSiupoc. A

T40 Td

G e o r g i u s Syncellus ( 2 0 5 , 1 7 - 2 3 M o s s h a m m e r ) Kaxd

AcppiKavov

T40
OTTO

The Chronology

of the Judges and

the One-year

Rule

ofShamgar the

A S d p ewe, r e \ o u c Tibv K p i r i b v K a i dpxfjc,

'HXei

TOU

iepeiUC, E r r i >6fJo(3', K a x d Si EuoepVov xdv IlapcpiXou ,6p6', K a x d Si xr|v dKpiSfj K a i euayyEXiKqv 7tapd6ooiv K a i X66E T6 xpovoypdcpiov ,6xv(3'. xd 6E uv' Exn x<iv Kpixuv Kaxd xdv 9eiov ditdaxoXov drcd xou ,y^|3' gxouc, rod Kdapou 5
ETT'I TO

A c c o r d i n g to A f r i c a n u s , t h e r e are 4292 years f r o m A d a m u p to the e n d o f

npiixov EXOC,'HXE1 7tXr|pouxai,

evoc,

eTODC,

vou,

07tEp

eiitouonc;

AcppiKavdc, T O V EEpeiyap xpovov.

Xeyet K p a r f j a a i Tdv'Iapar)\ Tfjc,

UTToXeiTtOpEypacpfjc; O U K

j u d g e s a n d the r u l e o f E l i t h e priest; according to Eusebius [pupil] of Pamphilus, there are 4044 years. But according to the reliable evangelical tradition and the present chronography, there are 4352 years. The 450 years of the judges according to the divine apostle encompass the period from A M 3902 up to the first year of Eli ( m i n u s one year, d u r i n g w h i c h t i m e A f r i c a n u s says Shamgar r u l e d o v e r I s r a e l , even t h o u g h S c r i p t u r e does n o t discuss the date

Is

T 6 . 4 - 1 2 ; F34.61-64

5s Sym. Log. (Leo Gr. [29,1 Is Bekker] = Th. Mel. [27,28 Tafel]; cf. Cedr.

o f his r u l e ) .

[149,1s B e k k e r ] ) Zapavec, (Zctfiavr) yap T h . Mel.) fjyffoaro rov Xaov EXOC, Ev. Sulp. Sev., chron. 1,27,3 (de Senneville-Grave 161) Huic Simmichar successit, de quo nihil amplius scripturae prodidit. ... Sed plerique qui de temporibus scripserunt, annum imerium eius annotauerunt.
Hier

2 cf. Eus., c h r o n . 53,25-31; Eus., c a n . curs. temp. 164,5s

70"

2-4

cf. Io. Anag. f. 115'

5s cf. Iud 3,31; Hilarian.,

Syriac chroniclers transmit similar information about Africanus' treatment of biblical chrono logy after Joshua. Since Bar Hebraeus' report differs slightly from that of Michael Syrus, the apparatus indudes both witnesses.

90

Iulius Africanus

T41 The Chronology from the Exodus to the Building of the Temple

91

T41
T 4 1 a Eusebius, C h r o n i c a (Ecloga H i s t o r i a r u m [177,12 m e n i a c e [ 4 6 , 3 8 - 48,8 K a r s t ] ) 178,19 C r a m e r ] = ar-

T41

The Chronology

from

the Exodus

to the Building

of the

Temple

T41a

As for the chronology from after the death of Moses up to Solomon and the building of the Temple, T d Se u s t d MCOUOECOC. TEXeuxfiv im XoXopcovta Kai rf\v TOU l E p o u K a T a c K E u f j v , ETEpcoc piv rj TCOV KpiT&v ypacpf| XEVEI, K a i d tEpdq dndcToXoc, EV talc. npd!;ci TCOV dnooTdXcov- ETEpcoc SE fj TCOV (3aaiXEICOV icnropia, K a i fj T(I>v'E|3paiiov napaTfjpr|aic napaSiScoaiv. EU S ' d v E^OI ihcaoTa SLEX9EIV, K a i TOV T t a p i o T d u E v o v d\j/u5fj Xdyov Emyvcovai. 5 ToOxo Y
E

both the book of Judges and the holy apostle in the Acts of the Apostles say one thing, whereas the history of the books of Kingdoms and the careful study of the Hebrews have a different tradition. It would be well to examine each of them in detail, and decide upon the account that is set forth accu rately.

P-n ^

TtpcoToic; O U K d T t a p a x f j p q x o v

eaxeov, cbc; K a i AcppiKavoc;

But

f i r s t o f a l l t h i s p o i n t at least s h o u l d n o t go u n r e m a r k e d : c o m p i l e d the five books o f his Chronographiae,

namely

that my the

rceVte xpovoypacpicbv auvdJjac; BiBXta, x d p e y d X a p o i S i a p a p x e i v ev xotc; n p o K e i pevotc, S O K E I . d r t o yap e t p S o u Mcoaecuc; eni Z o X o p c o v a K a i xryv xov iepou O I K O S O -

w h e n he

Africanus, i n For f r o m

o p i n i o n , was p r o f o u n d l y mistaken

a b o u t t h e q u e s t i o n at h a n d .

[iryv e v l e p o a o X u p o i c , o u v d y e i Kaxd x i v a ohceiov d p i 9 p o v , exr| \j/p6'. xd rtXetaxa Se apapxvjpcoc; eK9epevoc Sifjuapxev, < 6 x i > o u p o v o v xaic; 9eiatc; ypacpaic, 10 vou
e v a

Exodus o f M o s e s u p t o S o l o m o n a n d t h e b u i l d i n g o f the T e m p l e i n J e r u s a l e m , he r e c k o n s , a c c o r d i n g t o some k i n d o f c a l c u l a t i o n p e c u l i a r t o h i m , a t o t a l o f 7 4 4 years.


1

pa-

e i p q K e v , d X X ' o x i K a i xoXpTjpoxdxcp e m K e x e i p r | K n p d y p a x i , oXtov E K a x o v e a u x o u napepBaXcbv. x i 9 r | a i yap n e p i x x d , TtpeaBuxeptov pev

I n m a k i n g h i s case almost e n t i r e l y w i t h o u t proof, he has g o n e c o m p l e t said things i n conflict w i t h the divine has

excov d p i 9 p o v ay' xcov Ttepi exn X ' . Tocrauxa 15 excl)v dtp'

ely astray, n o t o n l y <because> he has

T n a o u exn X'. p e x d Se Zauv|/cbv d v a p x i a c ; exr| u ' , K a i icdXiv

eipfjvr|c

S c r i p t u r e s , b u t also because, b y i n s e r t i n g o n his o w n a f u l l

100 years, he

e m b a r k e d u p o n a n e x t r e m e l y rash e n t e r p r i s e . F o r he assigns t o o m a n y years: 30 Ttepixxa K a i dpapxupcoc; rjuvr|YaY. pexat;u eK9epevoc, dHepiaKercxcoc;, noXi) TtXfjGoc; ZoXoyears f o r t h e elders a r o u n d the t i m e o f Joshua; after Samson 40 years f o r t h e p e r i o d w i t h o u t a r u l e r ; a n d again 30 years f o r t h e p e r i o d o f peace. B y s e t t i n g f o r t h so m a n y excess years w i t h o u t p r o o f a n d w i t h o u t d u e s i d e r a t i o n , he o n his o w n adds up a v e r y large s u m o f years.
2

feauxoij

xcov xpovcov Mcouoecoc; K a i xfjc,

ucbvxoc; [3aaiXeiac; e l v a i yap,

cpnm, unep xd exn \(/p'.

con

TaOxa Si Siov XoyiaaaSai xdc. EV ptocp SiEXSouoac, yEVEdc,, rcdoai TIVEC, fjaav dXX' in' aiixcov TE OTOVISEIV X O d a u O T a T o v TOU Xdyou. E! y d p a n d A|3padp ECOC, Aa|3lS y s v E a l SEKaTEOoapEC., fjSr) SE K a T a Mcouaea E w d x r i SIEXUQFI y E V E d , Ka9' fjv Naaacbv uidc, ApivaSdp yvcopi(TO dpxcov cpuXfjc. 20 'IouSa- TEXEUTCJ TE OUTOC, n i Tfjc, ipijpou' Tcdv ydp dn' AiyunTou nposXBdvTcov, Kai Tfflv im Tfjc, npcixn<; e?api9pfjaEcoc, ysyovdrcov EIC; fjv, 5f|Xov cbc, Xomai y E V E a i E' pTd Naaacbv EXfiinovTO eni Aa(5iS dpiBpoupEvai. Naaacbv ydp e y v v r | a Tdv ZaXpcbv, K a i ouxoc, TOV Bocb(, K a i OUTOC. TOV 'n|3fj5, Kai OUTOC, T d v ' I e a a a i - K a i OUTOC; T6V Aa|3i6. TIoToc, o u v Xoyoc; pi EV nEVTE yEvsalc; rate; uTd McouoEa \]/' ETCOV dpi9pov ouviadyEcr9ai; i'va 25 y d p x d v laov xcov K a r a yevzav dvSpcbv EKdaxu) TIC, d n o v E i p r i xpovov- EupE9fjoTai Tr| pp' yEyovcbc, SKOOTOC, npd xfjc naiSonoiiac- TOUTCO 5' OUK d v TIC; ev eppovciv ouv9fjoTai. Mcoucrfjc; TE y d p auTdc, pK' exciiv E T e X e u T a , K a i d TOUTOU SidSoxoc/Irjcrouc, pi'- Kai n p o TOUTCOV 'Icoaijcp T d n d v x a Tfjc c^cofjc

For between the

t i m e o f M o s e s a n d t h e k i n g d o m o f S o l o m o n , t h e r e are, he says, o v e r 7 4 0 years. It is therefore necessary to count how many generations elapsed in the intervening period, and based on this to comprehend the inconsistency of his argument. From Abraham up to David there were 14 generations, and the ninth generation was already passed at the time of Moses, during which time Nahshon, son of Amminadab, was becoming known as chief of the tribe of Judah. A n d he died i n the wilderness. For he was one of those who departed from Egypt and were present at the first census. It is therefore clear that five more generations after Nahshon remain to be counted up to David. For Nahshon begot Salmon; and Salmon begot Boaz; and Boaz begot Obed; and Obed begot Jesse; and Jesse begot David. What sort of reasoning would say, then, that for the five generations after Moses there is a total of 700 years? I f one allots an equal time to each of these men by generation, each of them will be found to have lived 140 years before begetting a son. But no-one in his right mind would assent to this. Moses himself lived 120 years, and his successor Joshua 110 years. And before them J o s e p h all the years of his life were 110 years. In addition to them, Jacob of ancient times, also known as

8 - * T42

11-13 -T39a,3-6

15s - * Isodad Merv. (103,17s Eynde) Mais l'ecrivain Africanus dit

Israel, the progenitor of all the Jews, completed 147 years in all. What kind of reasoning, then, will

qu'il y a sept cent et quarante annees depuis l'exode jusqu'a la construction. 2 cf. Act 7 , 4 5 - 4 7 8 - 1 5 cf. Sync. 204,4-8 = T39a,4-6 26s cf. Deut 31,2; 34,7 27s cf. Gen 50,26 8 \|/p5' armen. y p a ' Eel. Hist. 9 OTI Gutschmid 19 12 'Iqoofj 1 The A r m e n i a n version of Eusebius (744 years) is to be preferred to the Greek text of the Eel. Hist. (741 years). According to Africanus, the Exodus occurred in A M 3707 (see F34,68-70). 3 napatfjpr|aic Cr. napaTfjpamc cod. Cr. ivcb cod. 16 The construction of Solomons temple extended from the second to the eighth year of his reign (= A M 4451 to 4457 in Africanus' system, see T42). The length of time from the Exodus to the beginning of the Temple project would thus come to 744 years. Td Gutschmid (cf. Sync, in T41b) T a u r a cod. < armen. EvvdTn,] 11 armen.

Naaacbv Cr. Naacbv cod. | ApivaSdp Cr. vaSdp cod. Aminadab armen. 27 pK' armen. p' Eel. Hist.

92

Iulius Africanus

T41 The Chronology from the Exodus to the Building of the Temple

93

Irn pi', era T O U T O I C ndXcu'IaKtbS 6 Kai'IapafjA, 6 mtvrcov'Iou&'aicov dpxnyErnc, r d n d v r a Earnoev etn ppc/. rcoloc, o u v epet Adyoc, roic. K d r t o K a i petd Mcouaea TOOOOTOV Tfjc (cufjc, ivSiSovai xpdvov 30 dnoooc,5e6ijXa)Tai; a \ \ ' 6 UV A c p p i K a v d c ; TOUTCOV 8 i r j p a p T E TUJV TpOTTCOV.

say that the number of years that we have just described is also the life span to be assigned to those both lower than and after Moses? C e r t a i n l y A f r i c a n u s has e n t i r e l y gone astray o f t h e s e

logical inferences.

28s cf. G e n 4 7 , 2 8 28 pi' a r m e n . p i ( ' E d . Hist. etiam armen. 29 ppC] 145 armen. 30 TOUTOV . . . TOV T p d n o v Gutschmid, similiter

T41b
'Edv

G e o r g i u s Syncellus ( 2 0 4 , 2 1 - 2 8 M o s s h a m m e r )

T41b
Suppose, then, we add up the 450 years of the judges according to the apostle and the 40 years of Moses in the wilderness, and the 27 years of Joshua and the 18 years of the elders after Joshua, in addition to the 20 years of the priest Eli, the 20 years of Samuel, and the 40 years of Saul, and the 40 years of Saul, the 40 years of David and the four years of Solomon. The entire period from the E x o dus up to the building of the Temple will then come to 659 years, according to Eusebius 600 years, and a c c o r d i n g t o A f r i c a n u s o v e r 740 years. A n d based on any one of these three calcu

o u v K a r a , TOV dnoaroAov r d rcdv Kpirciv uv' E r r Kai td era Tfjc Eprjpou p' ern Mtouaetoq'IriaoO

re K C K a i TCOV perd'Iqaouv npea|3uTepiov in', K a i ETITIXE'I TOO iEpEioq K', a p o u f | A K ' K a i ZaouA p', Aa(5i6 te p' K a i SoAopcovoc, 6' o-uvapiSprjciopEV, eatai 6 Tide, a n d Tfjc ECOSOU xpdvoc, s n l rfjv too vao-0 K a r a e j K e u q v e w v 5

xv8',

K a t d 6E EUOEBIOV X' K a i K a r a

A<ppiKav6v

UTtEp T C I

\|/u'.

Ka6'

E K a o r o v 5e TCOV tpicov TOUTCOV dpi9p6v a'i TE EK cpuAfjc 'IouSa a'i TE EK cpuArjc; AEU'I 8iayev6pEvai y e v e a i fj Kai Liepit^opevai dniSavov Scpuai Tijv naiSonoiiav.

lations, if the generations both from the tribe of Judah and from the tribe of Levi are considered in their entirety or divided, the age at which they begot children will be implausibly high. 4->-T41a,13s l - 3 c f . A c t 1 3 , 1 6 - 2 3 4 cf. Eus., chron. 48,24 - 49,29 [A] 2'Inaouv Moss, inaou A 3 EoAopcJvoc; D i . ooAopciv A 6 dniSavov D i . ana9avov A

T42

G e o r g i u s Syncellus ( 2 1 3 , 1 - 5 M o s s h a m m e r )

T42

The Date of the Building

of the

Temple

Solomon commenced his building of the Temple in Jerusalem from the second year of his reign, SoAopcbv r d v EV 'iEpouoaAqp va6v dpEapEvoc; KTI(EIV dno 8EUTEPOU ETOUC; Tfjc; |3aoiAiac; aurou, which was the 14 year of his life. He completed it in seven years, in the eighth year of his reign and onEp rjv 16' xfjc, ijcofjc; auroo, EV ( ' ETEOIV ETEAEICOOEV 6y86cp ETEI Tfjc, PaaiAeiac, aurou, K ' SE ETEI Tfjc, the 20 (cofjc, a u r o u . eioiv ouv dno A 5 d p ECOC. n' ETOUC. aurou etq ,5uoq', KaTCt 5 E TOV AcpptKavOV ,5uvC7, K a r d Euap\ov ,6po'. a c c o r d i n g to A f r i c a n u s 4 4 5 7 years, and according to Eusebius 4170.
1 th th

year of his life. From A d a m up to the eighth year of his reign, there are 4478 years, b u t

4 - * F41a,8 1-3 cf. I l l R e g n 6,1; Sym. Log. (Leo Gr. 31,22 - 32,1 = Th. Mel. 29,17-20 = Iul. Pol. 106,5-9)
H i e r

4 cf.

Eus., c a n .

70"
2

[ A B ] 2 onep.. . a u r o u < A

See above T41a,8 and n. 1.

94

Iulius Africanus F43 The Pre-History of

F43 Pre-History of Egypt

95

F43
F 4 3 a E x c e r p t a B a r b a r i (284,26 - 286,9 Frick) F 4 3 b ps. (568 I o a n n e s A n t i o c h e n u s fr. 23*

Egypt

F43a

F43b

Roberto) We h a v e d i s c o v e r e d t h a t the kingdom

E g y p t i o r u m r e g n u m i n u e n i m u s uetustissimum initium omnium regnorum. dicitur cuius me-

o f t h e E g y p t i a n s is the m o s t a n c i e n t o f all the k i n g d o m s . Its b e g i n n i n g , r e c o u n ted b y M a n e t h o , w e recall i n w r i t i n g .

sub

Manethono

moramus scribere. 5 Primum deorum qui ab ipsis scri-

First, I w i l l set f o r t h the gods w h o lows:

reigns o f

the

b u n t u r f a c i a m r e g n a sic.

are r e c o r d e d b y t h e m , as f o l

I.

Ifestum nare i n LXXX.

dicunt

quidam

d e u m reg-

AiyuTtTioi cpaoiv toe."Hcpaiaxoi; auTibv ePctoiAeuaev aTteipouc Ttvac, vouc,. xpo-

I . S o m e say

t h a t the

god

Hephaestus

T h e Egyptians say t h a t Hephaestus

was

Aegypto

a n n o s sexcentos

was k i n g i n E g y p t for 680 years.

t h e i r k i n g for countless n u m b e r o f years.

io

II.

Post

hunc

Solem

Ifesti

ann.

UETCI

TOUTOV

"HAioc, 6

'HcpcticFTOu

lir\

io

II. After him,

H e l i o s , son o f H e p h a e s
2

A f t e r h i m , Helios, son f o r 7777 years.

o f Hephaestus,

LXXVII. III. Post istum Sosinosirim ann.

,Cv|/oC,
U E T ' CVUTOV

tus, f o r 77 y e a r s . Ztbc,,

qxoi Apnc,,
Kpovoc,.

III.

After years.

him,

Sosinosiris,

for

320

A f t e r h i m , Sos ( t h a t is A r e s ) ,

ccexx.
UE0 15 I I I I . Post h u n c O r o n p t o l i a r c h u m XXVIII. V. Post h u n c T y f o n a a n n . Colliguntur DL. XLV. ann.
1

6 v Kxj(3

T O U ' H A I O U , TJTOI

after w h o m Keb o f Helius. I I I I . A f t e r h i m , H o r u s the 28 y e a r s . V. A f t e r h i m , T y p h o n , for 45 years. prince, for

( t h a t is C r o n u s ) ,

son

d e o r u m regna anni mille A l t o g e t h e r , the reigns o f the G o d s t o t a l 1550 1 years.


4

Although the portion of Africanus' epitome of Manetho's Aegyptiaca preserved by Syncellus provides only the post-diluvian dynasties of Egyptian kings (F46), the list of Africanus must also have included the rulers for the earlier period. Syncellus would not have praised the quality of the Egyptian lists of both Africanus and Eusebius if one of them were incomplete in some way (59,12-14; see T45,7f). A reference at the beginning of Africanus' list to "the spirits of the dead and demigods" (F46.2) suggests that he, like Eusebius after him (chron. 63,17-65,2 Karst), also included in his chronicle the succession of earlier Egyptian rulers. While unattributed and corrupt in places, the lists of Egyptian mythic rulers preserved in the Exc. Barb, and ps. Io. Ant. are thus important supplements to Syncellus' text. Both writers draw upon Africanus else where, and their record of Egyptian pre-history provides parallel and independent witnesses to the same tradition. It is unlikely that ps. Io. Ant., who uses Africanus as his authority for the post-Flood rulers of Egypt (F46; cf. Roberto 2005b), would have consulted another source for the earlier period. Whether or not Africanus' account of Egyptian pre-history originally belonged to book three of the Chronographiae cannot be determined. For the connection of these unattributed lists of the mythic rulers of Egypt with Africanus, see also Gelzer 1,192-196.

1-4 12-17

- + T 4 5 . 5 - 9 ; F46.1; F15.1-7

10s Io. Mai. 2,1 (17,1s Thurn) Mera Kal rhv TEAeuT/jv'HcpctioToi)

iBacriXevoev Aiyvnricov oiXevoev rQv Alyvnrmv iBacriXevoevTipoc^ 1-19

6 vide, avrov ovopan "HXioc. ffpipac, ,8vo', ibq ehai irn iB' Kal rfuepaq pCXIBOTC., Kai pera rr)v fiamXeiav avrov ifiaaiXzvazv'Ompic,, Kai pera'Ompiv iBaoiXevoev QovXiq.

Io. M a i . 2,2 (18,23-26 Thurn) Mtra Si rr)v TEAEUT^V'HALOU BaoiXewc,, viov Tfyaiorou, iBaKai uera'Opov

cf. Eus., chron. 63,23-27 (= Manetho FGrHist 609 F3a, p. 12); Io. Lyd., mens. 4,86; Sync. 7 - 1 7 cf. Chron. Pasch.

19,1-8 (ps. Manetho); Sync. 56,24-26 (= Vetus Chronicon F G r H i s t 610 F2) Malala)

82,12 - 84,14; Io. Ant. fr. 7.1-2; ps. Sym. f. 27" = Cedr. 36,1-10; Suda "HAioc. H 235 (omnes ex

12 Sosinosirim] graece transtulit Frick Iiijciv ..."OoipivET. T K ' etscripsit: interZiioiv nonnulla fuerunt, quae tamen Barbarus non iam legisse videtur.

et "Oorpev olim

2 3 4

Cf. ps. Io. Ant.: 7777 years; Io. Mai.: 4777 days. "Sosinosirim" conflates the names "Sosis" and "Osiris." Gr. (Frick): METCI TOUTOV SiBoiv ... "Ociprv ET. TK'. See also Gelzer 1,193. The total of the individual reigns actually comes to 1150 years.

11 ,t>|/o(' V ,C\)/o!;' D corr. Mfi.

96

Iulius Africanus F43c

F43 Pre-History of Egypt

97

F43c E x c e r p t a Barbari (286,10-19 Frick) D e i n c e p s M i t h e o r u m r e g n a sic. I. Prota Anubes t A m u s i m qui LXXXIII. I I . Post h u n c A p i o n a g r a m m a t i c u s q u i secundum I n a c h u m interpraetatur quem 5 sub A r g i o s i n i t i o r e g n a u e r u n t a n n . I . Post hec LXVIIt. fortisetiam Aegyptiorum scripturas conposuit ann.

N e x t , the reigns o f t h e d e m i g o d s , as follows: I . First, A n u b i s for 83 years. I I . After him, < s o m e say

t h a t > A m o s i s <was k i n g >

for 67 years. A p i o n

the he

grammarian, who

c o m p o s e d the annals o f the

Egyptians, explains < t h a t

w a s > c o n t e m p o r a r y w i t h Inachus, w h o was k i n g at the t i m e o f the of Argos.


5

founding

E c y n i o r u m reges i n t e r p r a e t a u i t I m i t h e u s u o c a n s et ipsos < . . . >

s i m o s u o c a n s annos d u o m i l i a C .

I . A f t e r these, he set f o r t h t h e k i n g s o f the s p i r i t s o f the d e a d , c a l l i n g t h e m a l s o d e m i g o d s < . . . > c a l l i n g t h e m m o s t p o w e r f u l , f o r 2100


7

years.

4s-F50,3

6-+F46.2 1-6 cf. Eus., chron. 63,31 - 64,7 (= Ma-

1 - 3 cf. Sync. 56,26s (= Vetus Chronicon FGrHist 610 F2) netho F G r H i s t 609 F3a, p. 13); Sync. 19,9-17 (ps. Manetho) 2 - 5 ordo verborum corruptus 6 lacunam coni. Frick

F44

Mestrem,

the Eponymous

Father of the

Egyptians

Mestrem, from H a m

the son

o f Noah, migrated to Egypt, and f r o m h i m the

re

g i o n received its n a m e . F o r t h e w o r d " M e s t r e m " m e a n s " E g y p t " i n H e b r e w .

F44

ps. I o a n n e s A n t i o c h e n u s fr. 24* (568

Roberto) auroO

1 2

Gr. (Frick):'Hpi0eu)v. The Latin text is unreadable. The translation that follows is based on Frick's restoration of the underlying Greek text: a'. iTpcLVra Avou(3ic ET. try'. 8' METd TOOTOV Apoucnv p a o i TLVEC. PaciAEOaai, 6v> Amcov 6 ypappaTiKoc. 6 K a i Tdq AiyuKTUOV ypaepde CUVSE'IC, K a r a "Ivaxov Eppnveuei TOVCT' ApyEkov dpxfjc BamAeuaavTa ETr| ET,'.

' 0 &Tt6 X d u , KA.f|8r| f|

x o u uioti Nebs, M e c n p e p Etc. A i y u T t t o v ctTtcpKiaOq, K a i art' MEOTpEpEBpato-Ti Ai'yuTtTOv 8 q \ o t .

xtbpa- T 6 y a p

3 Is Sym. L o g . (Leo Gr. [27,17s Bekker] = T h . Mel. [26,21 Tafel] = Cedr. [27,1s Bekker]) Xdu yap 6 vide, tou Nu>E rcatfjp i"|v tou Meapaeiu, dep'ou ol Aiyvmim. Is cf. G e n 10,6.13; Eus., chron. 64,11-14 (= Manetho FGrHist 609 F3a, p. 14); Ios., ant. Iud. 1,132;
r

I n Africanus' list of Egyptian kings, Amos(is) was the first king of the 18

th

dynasty of human

kings (see F46.132). D u r i n g his reign, Moses led the Israelites from Egypt and Inachus was king of Argos. For unknown reasons, the Excerpta puts the entry concerning Amosis during the reigns of the demigods. 4 5 6 7 8 The 67 years most likely refer to the length of the reign of Amosis, not Inachus. For Apion's dating of king Amosis during the time of Inachus, see F34,80-83. Ecyniorum reges is a mistranslation of tdc rtiiv VEKUIOV Saai\Eia<; ('the reigns of the spirits of the dead'). O n the identification of the spirits of the dead as demigods, see F46,8 (= Sync. 59,28): Metd V E KUOC, TOUC, rjpi6fouc,. Cf. Eus. (in Sync. 61.1-2): Metd veKuac, K a i TOUC, f|pi8ou<;. The text is lacunose. T h e 2100 years do not refer to the reigns of the spirits of the dead, but rather to the dynasties o f Egyptian human kings recorded in the first b o o k of Manetho's Aegyptiaca; see Exc. Barb. 288,5-6 (2100 years in 10 dynasties); cf. F46,99 (2300 years in 11 dynas ties). 9 The explanation of the origin of the word "Mestrem" provided here is widespread in Christian and Jewish sources, including Eusebius (chron. 64,11-14 Karst), see loci similes. For ps. Io. Ant's dependence on Africanus for this notice and his other reports about early Egyptian history, see above n. 1 to F43, and introduction, pp. X L I f.

Io. Mai. 1,15; Sync. 38,21-25; 58,10-19; 102,17; 249,20-24; Iul. Pol. 68,17-20; ps. Sym. f. 23 = Cedr. 21,14-17; C e d r . 23,2

98 T45

Iulius Africanus

T45 The Date of the Flood and the Date of Abraham

99

G e o r g i u s Syncellus ( 5 9 , 6 - 2 6 M o s s h a m m e r )

T45

The Date of the Flood and the Date of

Abraham

'ErceLOq Se TCOV dno Mearpdip AiyunTiaKcov ercov o i xpovoi ECOC N e K T a v a p c o xpeicoSeic. ruyxdvouaiv ev noXAoic. ToTc, rcepi rdc, xpoviKdc. KaTayivopevoic, (tyrrjaeic,, a u r a i Se napa Mave0u> Ar|cp9efoai roic EKKAnaiaaTiKOTc. iaropiKotc, SianecpurvTipevcoc, rata re rdc aurcbv npoanyopiac; K a i rf]v T r o o o t p r a rcov xpdvtov Tfjc pacnAeiac eKSeSovrai, ercl TIVOC re auTcbv 'Iu>af](p fiyepoveuae Tfjc; Aiyunrou Kai per' 5 aOrov 6 9E6TCTT|C, Mcouafjc Tfjc TOU 'IapaijA ec, Aiyunrou nopeiac, fjyrjaaTO,

Now the chronology of the Egyptian dynasties from Mestraim up to Nectanebo proves inadequate for many who have concerned themselves in chronological investigations. And these dynasties ta ken from Manetho have discrepancies in the versions presented by the ecclesiastical historians with regard to their name and the duration of their reigns, and also in whose reign Joseph was governor of Egypt, as subsequently in whose reign Moses the beholder of God led the Exodus of Israel from

dvayKaiOV f|yr]ad-

utjv Suo

TCOV

smaijuoTdTOJV eKSoaetc, eKXeijaaGai K a i Tavrrac; dAAfjXaic; n a p a 9 e a -

Egypt. F o r these reasons, I have t h o u g h t i t necessary to pick o u t the t w o m o s t fa m o u s v e r s i o n s a n d set t h e m side b y s i d e I m e a n those o f A f r i c a n u s a n d h i s successor Eusebius, called [ p u p i l ] o f Pamphilusso that w i t h p r o p e r applica t i o n , one m i g h t k n o w the o p i n i o n t h a t m o r e closely approaches
1

9ai, AcppiKavou Te cprjpi K a i T O U per' a t r r o v E u a e B i o u T O U llapcpiXou KaXoupev o u , cbc; av rr\v e y y i t p u a a v Tfj ypacpiKfj dXrjGeia Socciv opGcbc; eniBdXXcov KaTapd9oi,
10 9r|CTiv
TOOTO

npo ye ndvTcov eiScbc; aKpiBcoq, dno A 6 d p ecoc;


TOU

OTI

AcppiKavoc, pev

K'

err) n p o c r r i -

scriptural

ev

TOIC;

KaTaKXucrpou xpdvoic;, Kai ctvti ,(3cr(j.(3' ,Bai;8' KaXcbc, exeiv. EuaeBioc; Se ,|3ap|3' tryicbc, e9eTo

t r u t h . B u t above a l l else, one m u s t k n o w f u l l well that Africanus adds 20 years i n h i s c h r o n o l o g y f r o m A d a m u p t o t h e F l o o d , a n d instead o f 2242 years wants there to be 2262 years, w h i c h does n o t appear to be right. Eusebius, o n the
2

eTi] BouXexai elvai, onep ou K a i opocpcovcoc, Tfj ypacpfj. *Ev Se


15 TOIC,

SOKCI

dno

TOU

KaraKXuapou dpcpoTepoi Sirjpaprov ecoc, A|3padp Kai


AOUKS

other h a n d , w a s c o r r e c t i n g i v i n g 2242 years, i n h a r m o n y w i t h S c r i p t u r e . But i n t h e years f r o m the F l o o d u p t o A b r a h a m and Moses, b o t h o f t h e m went w r o n g b y o m i t t i n g the 130 years o f t h e second Kenan, the s o n o f A r p a c h shad, one g e n e r a t i o n , representing t h e 1 3
t h

Mcouaecoc, ereor pX' rov Seurepou Kaivav uiou Apcpai;dS Kai yevea pig, Tfj iy', napa
TOIC;
TCO G E I C O

euayyeXioTfj
TOIC, T O U

dno A S d p
Kai

Keipevr|.

dXX' 6 pev AcppiKavoc; ev


K'

dno A S d p npoareGeiaiv auTcp Kai'vdv

eni

T6V

KaTaKXuapov ereaiv

npoacprjp-

position from A d a m i n the holy

nacje TaCTa, Kai ev pX' .txpeXcbv, , y p n S '

Kai

rcbv peTenerra pi' p o v a Aeinerai. Sio Kai

evangelist L u k e . B u t since Africanus, b y a d d i n g 20 years f r o m A d a m u p t o the F l o o d , h a d a l r e a d y r e m o v e d 20 years f o r the p e r i o d after the F l o o d , o n l y 110 years are m i s s i n g i n his c h r o n o l o g y o f K e n a n and his successors. Therefore, u p to the first year o f A b r a h a m , he c o u n t e d 3202 years. B u t Eusebius subtracted a full 130 years, a n d set f o r t h 3184 years u p t o the first year o f A b r a h a m .

ecoc, A B p a d p npcoTou erouc; , y a B ' err\ eaToixeicoaev. 6 Se EuaeBioc, oXoKXipcoc, T d


ecoc;

npcoTou erouc, A B p a d p e^eScoKe.

5-9

-*F46;T46a

9s

- T22a,5; T22b,3s; T 1 6 g , l - 4 ; T16o,6s

10s

-> T6,4; F16b; T16h; T 1 6 q

1 3 - 1 7 -> T 1 6 i ; T161; T16m; T16o,5s; T16q;T47.1-3 l i s cf. Eus., c h r o n . 42,32s [AB]

1 7 - 1 9 - T16o,4-7 18s cf. Eus., c a n .


Hier

14s cf. Gen 11,10-13; I x 3,36 11fryicbc,A uyeicoc; B

15,2-5 1 O n the transmission 38-40. 2 O n Africanus' dating of the Flood, see introduction, p. X X V I I . of Manetho in Christian chronography, see Adler 1989,32-35 and 16s rcpoacp-

1 ercov] Suvaareicov Adler

13 dppadp B TOU dBpadp A

rjpnacevAnpoacpfjpnaCevB

18eTriAeTeiB

100

Iulius Africanus

F46 Dynasties of Egypt

101

F46
S y n c . : G e o r g i u s Syncellus (59,27 - 6 9 , 1 2 M o s s h a m m e r p a r t i m , v i d e app. test.) S y n c . : i b d . (76,28 - 87,8 M o s s h a m m e r p a r t i m , v i d e app. test.)
2 1

F 4 6 Dynasties

of

Egypt

C o n c e r n i n g t h e dynasties o f E g y p t after t h e F l o o d , according to Africanus I l e p i T C O V p e r d T O V K c r t a K A u a p 6 v A i y u T t T o u SuvaaTeidiv, cbc. 6 AcppiKavdc, 1. A f t e r t h e spirits o f t h e d e a d , the d e m i g o d s , t h e f i r s t r o y a l l i n e is n u m b e r e d at a' M e r d V E K U O C , T O U C rjpi9ouc npwrr\ P a a i X e i a KaTapiGpEirai PaaiXeuiv r\', <I>v eight k i n g s . T h e first o f t h e m , M e n e s o f T h i s , r e i g n e d f o r 62 years. H e was seized b y a h i p p o p o t a m u s a n d perished. 2. A t h o t h i s , h i s s o n , 57 years. H e b u i l t t h e palace i n M e m p h i s . H i s b o o k s o n a n a t o m y are i n c i r c u l a t i o n , f o r he was a p h y s i c i a n . 3. K e n k e n e s , h i s s o n , 31 years. U e n e p h e s , h i s s o n , 23 years. D u r i n g his r e i g n , a great g r i p p e d E g y p t . H e erected t h e p y r a m i d s a r o u n d K o c h o m e . 5. 6. i n ' - <p' o u cpGopd pEyiarri KctTEO^E TT|V 7. U s a p h a i d o s , h i s s o n , 20 years. M i e b i d o s , h i s s o n , 26 years. Semempses, h i s son, 18 years. D u r i n g h i s r e i g n , a vast pestilence gripped Egypt. 8. Bieneches, h i s s o n , 26 years. famine

TtptoToc, Mfjvr|c, 0eEiviTr|c; EBaaiXEiioEv Tr| i;(3'- 6c, UTCO inTtorcoTdpou 6 i apTtayEic; 5iecp0dpn. P' "AGcoOic uioc Tr| v ( ' , 6 T d iv MEpcpa BaaiXsia oiKo5opfjaac- ou cpepovTai BiBXoi d v a T o p t K a i , iarpdc y d p rjv.

y'
6'

KEVKEVTJC

uioc; Ern X a ' .

OuEVEcpqc. uioc. etr) Ky'- E<p' o u Xipoc


OUTOC

Kaxioys

TTJV

AiyurcTOv ueyac.

4.

t d c Ttepi Kcnxiopnv fjysipE TtupapiSac.

e'

Ouaacpdi6oc uioc tr| K ' . M I E ( 5 I 6 6 C uioc tr| K C ; ' .

EEpp\(/nc uioc AiyuTTTOV.

Etr|

T'

BmvExnc fioc err) K C / .

15

' O p o O 2Trj avy'.

T o t a l o f 253 years. Eusebius also furnished the details of the first dynasty in somewhat the same way as Africanus.

T a Tfjc; npcbrnc, Suvaoreiac; OUTOI rtcuc; K a i Eucepioc. cbc; 6 AcppiKav6c. ei;9eTo. AEUTEpa 6uvaaTta E I V I T U J V paaiXficuv 0 ' , cliv TtpcuToc;

Second dynasty o f n i n e k i n g s o f This Bou(3aorov E Y E V E T O , Kai drcT h e first o f t h e m w a s Bochos, 38 years. D u r i n g his reign, a chasm o p e n e d up i n B u b a s t u s , a n d m a n y p e r i s h e d . 2. Kaiechos, 39 years. D u r i n g his r e i g n , t h e b u l l s , A p i s i n M e m p h i s a n d M e n e u s i n H e l i o p o l i s , a n d the M e n d e s i a n goat were d e e m e d to be g o d s .

Bd>xoc Tr|

Xr|'-

i(p'

ou

xctapa Kara

COXOVTO

TtoXXoi.

20

P'

KaiExcoc E T T ] X9'- Ecp' o u o'i B O E C A m c E V M p 9 e i K a i M q v E u c E V ' H X i o u n o X s i K a i 6 M E V S I J O I O C Tpdyoc v o p i o 0 r | a a v Elvai G E O I .

test.:

1 inc. S y n c . [AB] 1-28 59,27 - 60,24 Moss. ->T45,7-10 2-15 - F 4 3 c ; Exc. Barb. (286,20s Frick) //. Mineus etpronepotes ipsius V I I 1 For two supplemental witnesses to Africanus' version of Manetho's list of post-diluvian Egyp tian dynasties, see the parallel lists found in the Excerpta Barbari and ps. John of Antioch (in the third apparatus). Although the abridged list of the Excerpta provides only the sum of the years of each dynasty, this information is useful for confirming the numbers found in Syncellus. Comparison with the other witnesses to Africanus' list of Egyptian kings shows that the excerpts of ps. John of Antioch on the Egyptian kings also belong to the Africanus tradition. A n entry about Semiramis (see F34.51-53) found within these excerpts also originates in Africanus' chronicle, but in a different context. For further discussion, see introduction, pp. X L I f. For Africanus' treatment of the mythical Egyptian rulers before the Flood (lacking i n Syncellus), see F43.

1- 245

regnauerunt a n n . C C L I I I . 2- 242

17-32 Exc. Barb. (286,22 Frick) III. Bochus etaliorum octo ann. C C C I I .

cf. Manetho FGrHist 609 F2; Eus., chron. 65-69 (armeniace) et textum Graecum chronici
HlEr

Eusebii a Syncello Africano iuxtapositum; Eus., can."""" 156-197; Eus., c a n . 1 6uvaCTTiu>v A Suvaotelac; B 12 OEpepync, B aepep\J/ic A dcp'A | xdopia B 9dopa A
XEIA

20-124
m

3 SeeiviTpc A B eivirqc Seal. | iTmorcoTdpou G o a r irtnoTdpou AB 20 Kaiexaic; B Kai type, A \ Mepcpei

18 Bclrxoc Eus. apud Sync. 61,22 Bochus Exc. Barb. Bor)96c, A B | ecp'B 18s drabXovro B dncbXAovro A

Goar pepepi A uepepi B | pnveiic; A B MvEOiq Seal, ex Eus. apud Sync. 61,24 21 f|\iouTcd\.i B iXiond-

102

Iulius Africanus

F46 Dynasties of Egypt

103

y' 5' E' c;'. (' n' 0'

BivtuBpic, exn pt7- scp' oi> Kpi9n tctc; yuvaiKac; (3aatAEiac; yspac; TAac, Exn SeOEvnc; exr\ pa'. Xaipnc; Ern NEcpepxepnc; xr\ K E ' - ecp' ov puGeueTai psvov r)pspaic EvoEKa pufjvai.
Z E O C O X P ; ETT]
L C

3. 4. 5. 6.

B i n o t h r i s , 47 years. D u r i n g h i s reign, i t was decreed t h a t w o m e n m i g h t possess the p r i v i l e g e o f royalty. Tlas, 17 years. Sethenes, 4 1 years. Chaires, 17 years. Nephercheres, 25 years. T h e r e is a s t o r y that d u r i n g his r e i g n , t h e N i l e f l o w e d m i x e d w i t h h o n e y f o r 11 days. Sesochris, 48 years. H e was five cubits i n height a n d three c u b i t s wide. Cheneres, 30 years.

TOV

N E I A O V psXtTi KEKpa-

7. 8. 9.

an'- 6c, i5\|/oc,

EIXE

m]xcbv E ' , nXdxoc, y'.

XVpf)C, ETT] X'.

' O p o u ETI] T(3'. 'OpoO npcoTnc, Kal SsuTepac, SuvaoTEiac, pETa T O V KaTaKAuapov ETn (pvs' Kara rnv
5eu-repavSi<6oaiv AcppiKavoO. [...]

T o t a l o f 302 years. Total years o f the first a n d second dynasties after the flood, 555 years according to
the second edition of Africanus.
2

TpiTn 6 u v a a T i a Mepcpixcbv BaaiXswv 9' a' cbv TtpcbToc, NXpiocpr|c; '6rr] KT\'- cp' o u AI(3UEC; dTtEornoav AlyuitTicov Kai (3' Tfjc; aEAfjvnc; napa Xdyov a-un0ior|c, <5td
6EOC,

T h i r d dynasty o f nine kings of M e m p h i s 1. The first o f t h e m is N e c h e r o p h e s , 28 years. I n his r e i g n , the L i b y a n s revolted f r o m t h e Egyptians; w h e n the m o o n w a x e d u n

sauTouc, napsSoaav. T 6 a o p 0 p o c , EXX] K0'OUTOC,

AaKAnmoc; AiyuTtTioic; Kara xryv taTpiSid JjEcnrcbv \ i 0 c o v o'tKoSopiav E u p a r o , 2.

expectedly, they s u r r e n d e r e d o u t o f panic. T o s o r t h r o s , 29 years. A m o n g t h e Egyptians, he is c o n s i d e r e d a n A s c l e p i u s i n r e c o g n i t i o n o f his m e d i c a l skill. T h e i n v e n t o r o f t h e art o f b u i l d i n g w i t h h e w n writing. 3. T y r e i s , 7 years. M e s o c h r i s , 17 years. Soyphis, 16 years. Tosertasis, 19 years. Aches, 42 years. Sephuris, 30 years. K e r p h e r e s , 26 years. 4. 5. 6. 7. 8. 9. stone, he also p u r s u e d the craft o f

Kf]v vsvopiOTai, Kai xr\\ y' 6' e' <;' C n' 0' TupEic; T T | Meacoxpic; ETT] tc7. Zibbcpic; exr\ ic,'. TooEpTaaic,
ETTJ

dAXd K a i ypacpfjc; 7TpEAij0r|.

I9'.

"Axnc. ETn up', Zijcpouptc; X'. Kepcpepnc,


ETTJ

KC,'.

' O p o u EXT] aiS'. 'OpOU TCOV TpiCOV SuvaOTElCOV Kara A9piKavdv ETT] 1|/C;9'.

T o t a l o f 214 years.
Total f o r these t h r e e dynasties, according to Africanus 769 years.

test.: Sync.'

2 9 - 3 3 62,5-9 Moss, (textum transposuit hoc e serie Eusebiana Moss.)

34-63

62,15

- 63,15 Moss. 22s ps. Io. Ant. fr. 25* (568 Ro.) 'Eni Btvwpioc BaoiXeaiq Aiyvmov 34-48 Kpi0T| rdc, yuvaucac, yepa EXEIV tpaoi rdv NeiAov pi-

pacriXeia

2 7 s ps. Io. Ant. fr. 26* (570 Ro.) Era Netpepxepov BaotXewq Aiyvmov

\ t n KCKpapevov fjpepac, ev5eKa pufjvai rum VII a n n . C C X I I I I . 27s KEKpctpivov Di. KSKpappevov A B
ms

Exc. Barb. (286,23 Frick) IV. Necherocheus et olio-

28 38

ppipaic, Io. Ant. Eus. apud Sync. 62,3 fjpepaqAB 33 Seurepav < Goar 35 a' civ a' B cbv 41 rupeic, B tuple, A K 9 ' + ecp'ou'Ipou8ric Sefhe

Since the word Seurepac, appears in the preceding line, Syncellus' reference to the "second edi tion of Africanus" could be dittography (see Unger 1867,15; Gelzer l,29f). It could also be Syncellus' way of distinguishing Africanus' list of Egyptian kings from the alternative edition of Manetho known to him through Eusebius' chronicle.

29 rtAdroc,] TtaAaiarcuv G e l z e r ex Eus. | rmxtov A muxcuv B 7Tpct>Toc;A | vexepcocprjc B vexepdcpric A 46 arjcpoupic B aicpoupic A 49 dcppiKavdv A dcppiKavou B

104

Iulius Africanus

F46 Dynasties of Egypt

105

50 T s T d p T n SuvaoTEict Meucniriov o-uyysvEiac, etEpac; BaaiXEic, n ' a' p" Icoptc,fernK 0 ' . E0U91C, exn c/y'- 6c, xf)v pEYiaxnv fjyeipe TrupapiSa, fjv cpqmv'HpoSoxoc, vnb XEOTTOC, YEyovevat. ouxoc, S E K a i unEpSnxnc; Etc, Geouc,
EYEVETO

F o u r t h dynasty o f e i g h t k i n g s o f M e m p h i s f r o m a n o t h e r l i n e 1. 2. Soris, 29 years. Suphis, 63 years. H e erected the Great P y r a m i d , w h i c h H e r o d o t u s says was b u i l t u n d e r Cheops. H e also became d i s d a i n f u l o f t h e gods, a n d c o m p o s e d the Sacred 3. 4. 5. 6. 7. 8. Suphis, 66 years. Mencheres, 63 years. Ratoises, 25 years. Bicheris, 22 years. Sebercheres, 7 years. T h a m p h t h i s , 9 years. Book; t h i s I a c q u i r e d w h e n I w a s
3

K a i xf|v ispdv ouvEYpav|/ pipXov, fjv cbc, p s y a XPHM


YEVOUEVOC,

10

55 y'

A'tYUTtxcu

EKxnadpnv.

i n E g y p t , because i t was a great treasure.

Z0O91C, Exn <;'.

6' E'

MrvxEpnc,

T r

l ?Y'-

'Paxotanc, Exn K E ' .

c/
60 n'

BixEpic, exn K B ' .


ZEBfipXEpnC. EXT] C. 0ap9Gic, Exq 6'.

O u o O Exq a o C . 'OpoO xcov 6 ' 6vjvaaxid)v xcov p s x d x o v KaxaKA.uop6v exr\ ,ap<;' neuTixn S u v a a x s i a BaaiXecov 9' Kr|' a' Ol)0pXEpr|C; EXT) E^'EXE9avxivnc,
65
KOT'

T o t a l o f 277 years. T o t a l for the f o u r dynasties after the f l o o d , according to Africanus, 1046 years.
Acppucavdv. [...]

F i f t h dynasty o f n i n e k i n g s f r o m E l e p h a n t i n e 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. 7. 8. 9. Userchres, 28 years. Sephres, 13 years. Nephercheres, 20 years. Sisires, 7 years. Cheres, 20 years. Rhathures, 44 years. Mencheres, 9 years. Tancheres, 44 years. O n n u s , 33 years. 1046 years o f the first f o u r dynasties, t h i s

2E9prjc XT) l y ' . Y' 5' N e 9 p x e p n c Exn K ' . Ziaipnc, exn

e'
-1!

XEpnc, Exn K ' .


'PaGoupnc, Exn p6'.
Mvxpr)C, Exn G'.

c' C 1' 8'

Tavxpr)c, ETT) p5'. "Ovvoc, EXT] \y'. 6' SuvacrxEicbv ,0096'.

' O p o O exr) a p t ] ' .


75

Total o f 248 years.


E X E C T I XCOV

T i v o v x a i crijv xoic, rcpoxExaYpEvoic, ,ap<;'


"EKXT)

EXT)

T o g e t h e r w i t h the a f o r e m e n t i o n e d m a k e s 1294 years.

SuvaaxEia (3aaiXecov
a'

EC;

MEp9ixcov S i x t h dynasty o f six k i n g s o f M e m p h i s 1. Othoes, 30 years. H e was m u r d e r e d b y his b o d y g u a r d .

'OGonc, Exn X'- 6c; i m o xcov 6opu96pcov dvnpQr|.

test.: Sync.

6 4 - 9 0 64,10 - 65,5 Moss.

54s F98; E u s . apud Sync. (64,5s Moss.) pv cue. ueya xpfjua Aiyvmioi nzpiinovai. 62 Exc. Barb. (286,24 Frick) V. Similiter aliorum XVII ann. C C L X X V I I . 76-85 Exc. Barb. (286,26 Frick) V I I . Othoi et aliorum VZ/ann. C C I I I . 52s Hdt. 2,124

52nv<B

53

un6 Xeortoc G o a r im6 XEOTTOC, A B | iiTcepdrtTnc. B 6 rtepdrcTnc. A 59 pixepic. B pixepqc, A 62 aoC B E x c . Barb. 0 0 6 ' A 73 ovvoc B 5Pvoc A 64 9' scripsimus q' Sync. < Seal. 68 oioipqc, B oioiptc, A 76

55

EKTpadu.nvA 3 T h e notice about the purchase of the Sacred Book is probably a comment from Africanus himself (cf. also Eusebius' version, given in the third app.). O n Africanus' visit to Egypt, see F98.

EKTirrdpr|v B pa0oupi(; A

63 KOT'dippiKavov in textu A 70 pa8o0pqc. B Suvaareia B 5uvaaTiu)v A

Kat' dippiKavou marg. B 72 77 68dqc B oScoqc A

Tavxepnc, B rapxepqc, A

106

Iulius Africanus

F46 Dynasties of Egypt

107

B' y' 80 6' e' g.'

<t>i6c, ETn vy'. M9ouaoucpk; exr\ ('. <t>ico\|/ <;aTnc; dpi;dpvoc, BaoiXfiUEiv 8iyEVTo uEXptc, MEvGEaovjcpic;
ETOC; EV. TE ETCOV

2. 3. p'. 4. 5. 6.

P h i u s , 53 years. M e t h u s u p h i s , 7 years. P h i o p s , whose reign b e g a n at the age o f six, r u l e d c o n t i n u o u s l y up t o his 1 0 0 year.


th

NirwKpic, YEWiKCOTdTn OEV ETf) iB'.

Kai EupopcpoTdTn

TCOV

K O T ' auTrjv yvo-

M e n t h e s u p h i s , 1 year. N i t o c r i s , the most n o b l e a n d c o m e l y w o m a n o f h e r t i m e , f a i r i n c o m p l e x i o n . She built the t h i r d p y r a m i d a n d r e i g n e d for 12 years.

pEvn, c;av9r| Trjv xpoidv, fj Trjv Tpmyv fjyEipE TiupapiSa- (3aaiXu85 O p o u ETT] ay'. TivovTai auv
TOIC;

T o t a l o f 203 years. Together w i t h t h e aforementioned 1294 years o f the first five dynasties, t h i s makes 1497 years. Seventh d y n a s t y o f 70 kings o f M e m p h i s : these r e i g n e d for 70 days.
4

TtpoTETaypEvoic; ,aa96'.
ETFJ

Tcov E ' SuvaaTEicbv

,aupt7.

E(386ur| 8uvaaTEia MEpcprrcov (3aaiXcov o', oi (3aaiXuaav fjpEpac; o'. D y c o n SuvaoTEia MspcpiTcov (3aaiXcov K C , O'I (3aaiXuaav ETT] ppc/. 90 rivovrai auv
TOIC;

Eighth d y n a s t y o f 27 k i n g s o f M e m p h i s : these r e i g n e d for 146 years. Together w i t h t h e aforementioned years, there are for these e i g h t dynasties 1639 years.

7TpoTTaypEvoic, irr\ .ayXQ' tiiv n' ouvaaTEicbv.

[...]

'Ev&Tn 8uvaaTia'HpaKXonoXiTcbv

BaaiXEcov i9', o'i EBaaiXsuaav ETn u9', iov N i n t h d y n a s t y o f 19 k i n g s o f Heracleopolis: these reigned for 409 years. The first o f t h e m was Achthoes. H a r s h e r t h a n his predecessors, he caus ed h a r d s h i p for the people o f all Egypt. But he later s u c c u m b e d t o madness a n d was k i l l e d b y a c r o c o d i l e .

6 npcoToc; Ax96nc; SEivoTaToc; TCOV Ttpo auTou yevopEvoc; T O I C , E V Ttdan AiyuTtTcp KaKd EipydaaTo, iioTEpov 8E pavig TtEpifnEaE Kai UTt6 KpoK O 6 E I X O U 8i99dpn. 95 AEkdTn SuvaaTEia'HpaKAEOTtoXiTcbv (3aaiXcov i9', o'i EBaoiXEuaav Tn prt'.

10 'EvfiEKdTn SuvaoTeia
AIOOTCOXITCUV BOCIXECOV

th

dynasty o f 19 k i n g s o f Heracleopolis: these r e i g n e d for 185 years. dynasty o f 16 k i n g s o f Diospolis: these r e i g n e d for 43 years. N e x t after

iq', of EBaoiXEuaav ETT] py'. p0' 11


th

ouc; AppEvepnc, ETn ic;'. Mexpi Tofj8 T O V npcbTov Topov KaTayrjoxE Mav0co. 'Opou BaaiXac; pcjB', ETn , B T ' , r)ppai o'. loo AfiUTepou Topou Mav9co

these, A m m e n e m e s , 16 years. A t this p o i n t , M a n e t h o concluded his first b o o k . Total 192 k i n g s , 2300 years, 70 days. F r o m the second b o o k o f M a n e t h o

Aco^EKaTr) 6uvaaTia AiocrtoXiTcbv (3aoiXiov ETtTd. a' 6' ZEaoyxcomc; AppavEpou uioc; lxr\ \ic,'. AppavEpnc; ETT] Xn'- 6c;
UTCO T W V

12

th

iSicov E U V O U X C O V dvnp9n.

dynasty o f seven k i n g s o f Diospolis 1. Sesonchosis, son of A m m a n e m e s , 46 years. 2. A m m a n e m e s , 38 years. H e was m u r d e r e d by his p e r s o n a l eu nuchs.

test.: Sync. 80

91-114 65,26 - 66,21 Moss.

ps. Io. A n t . fr. 27* (570 Ro.) <t>iw\\i ccaeTric; apcauevoc; GaaiXeuerv SieyeveTo uexpic. etciv p' CCCCVIIII. 93 eipydacrro A ripydoato B 101 6u)6KdiT| duv4 It is not possible to emend the text on the basis of other witnesses. The parallel text in Eusebius gives 75 days (and five kings) for this dynasty.

91 Exc. Barb. (288,3 Frick) V i l l i , similiter et aliorum XX ann. 82 YevviKcoTcVrn, A yvvr|TiKU)T&TT| B | re < A
m

83 xpoidv A xpodv B

93s KpoKoSeiXou G o a r KopKo5ei\ou A KopKo5f|Xou B 98 KaTayfjoxe MaveOci) Di. Karayfjcuxe p a ve9ci) B K a r d y E i 6 Keppave9cl) A 99 ern ,pV r|pepai o' B txr\ pepai o'A acrreia SIOOTCOXITUIV B I(3' duvacrelai rtoXiTuiv A 102 Zeodyxcuaic; Di. yeocuv yciior|c; A yeaovydaic; B

108

Iulius Africanus

F46 Dynasties of Egypt

109

y' 105

ZacoaTpic, lxr\ Lin'- 6c; arcaaav exeipcbaaro tf]v A a i a v E V eviauToic, 9 ' K a i xfjc; Eupcimnc, xct pXP' pgKnc,, rcavTaxoaE p v r | p 6 a u v a eyeipac, xfjc; T U J V e9vd>v a\iau>c
TOIC,

3.

Sesostris, 48 years. H e subjugated all A s i a i n n i n e years, a n d t h e regions o f E u r o p e as far as Thrace, erecting e v e r y w h e r e m o n u ments d e s c r i b i n g t h e character o f the nations [that he s u b d u e d ] . For the h e r o i c nations, he engraved o n p i l l a r s m a l e genitalia; f o r the i g n o b l e nations, female genitalia. A s a result o f h i s acts, h e was considered b y t h e Egyptians first i n r a n k after O s i r i s .

em pev TOTC, yevvaioic. d v S p c i v , eni Se


U T [ 0

d y e v v e a i yuvaiKciJv p o p i a Talc; arfjXaic, eyxapdaacov,

AiyuitTicov p e r d D a i p i v n p d r r o v v o p i o 9 f j v a i . 5' no e' c/ C Aaxdpnc; e r r | n ' - 6<; T O V E V A p o i v o i T n Xa(3upiv0ov eauTai Tdcpov KaxeaKeuaae. Apeprjc; etn n'. Appevepnc; ETT\ n'. ZKepio9pic, dSeXcprj ETT\ &'. 5. 6. 7. oi eBaaiXeuaav ETX] u v y ' . 13 TeaoapECfKaiSeKdTri SuvaaTeia Soircbv (3aaiXecov oc.', oi e(3aaiXeuaav eTn prtS'. 14 rievTeKaLSeKaTn SuvaaTeia notpevcov. *Hoav 6e Ooivucec, evoi fSaatXeic. c/, oi K a i M6pcpiv elXov, cov Ttp<I)To<; ZaiTnc; efJaaiXeuaev ETT\ I 9 ' , dcp' o u K a i 6 2aTrr|c, vopoc.- oi K a i ev 120 3' y' 6' 125 E' cj' TCO ZeGpotTn vopcl) ttoXiv eKTiaav, dcp' rjc. oppcbpevoi AiyuTtTiouc. exeipcoaavTo. Bvcbv ETX] pS'. r i a x v d v ETn ca'. E r a d v err] v ' . ApxXnc; ETT\ p9'. AcpoBic, TT\ ca'. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. 'E^KaiSeKdTri SuvaaTeia rtoipevec. aXXoi BaaiXeic; XS'. eBaaiXeuaav eTn cpin'. 16
test.: Sync. 104 -107
1

4.

Lachares, 8 years. H e constructed the l a b y r i n t h i n t h e n o m e o f A r s i n o e as a t o m b f o r himself. Ameres, 8 years. A m m e n e m e s , 8 years. Scemiophris, his sister, 4 years.

'Op-OlJ ETt] pi,'. [...] 115 TpioKaiSeK&Tn SuvaaTeia AioaTtoXiTcuv BaaiXecov

T o t a l o f 160 years.
th

d y n a s t y o f 60 kings o f D i o s p o l i s : these reigned for 453 years. d y n a s t y o f 76 kings o f Xo'is: these reigned for 184 years. d y n a s t y o f shepherds T h e i r first k i n g was Sai'tes, w h o reigned f o r 19 years. T h e Salitis n o m e is n a m e d after h i m . T h e y also built a city i n t h e Sethroite n o m e , w h i c h t h e y used as a base o f operations w h e n t h e y subdued t h e Egyptians. B n o n , 44 years. A p a c h n a n , 61 years. Staan, 50 years. Archies, 49 years. A p h o p h i s , 6 1 years.

th

15

th

T h e r e were six foreign k i n g s f r o m Phoenicia, w h o also c a p t u r e d M e m p h i s .

Op.ot3 ETT] anS'.

T o t a l o f 284 years.
th

d y n a s t y o f 32 a d d i t i o n a l shepherd kings. T h e y r e i g n e d f o r 518 years.

1 1 5 - 1 3 0 67,21 - 68,12 Moss. p s . Io. Ant. fr. 29* (570 Ro.) Xeau>atpic 6 fiamXcvc. Aiyirmov 9' Steal tf|v a n a a a v Aaiav
K

Xipa>aaxo K a i Tfjc Eupdinr|c r a pexpi P<? r|C K a i pvnpocruva nenoirjKe Tfjc xd)v e9v<I)v dXu>aeu)C> eni p e v toic Yevvaioic dv6pu>v, eni 6e toic dyevveai yuvaiKtDv [xaic axqXaic] eyxapdaaiov p d p i a .

117-127 - > T46b,3.5s; T46c,15s 128-130 -> T47,27s 104-108 cf. H d t . 2,102
104 aeocoaxpic; A aeaoaxpic B u C G o a r 5c A B >
m

105 navxaxoae A navxaxoaai B

106 e9viiv B e9voc A | axeoea>c]

K a x a o x e a e u i q E u s . dAiiaeiuc ps. Io. Ant. apooitr| A evapooitriv B 115s uvy'.. . e r n < A

107 dyevveaiB dyeveaiA | eyxapdatuiv A evxapdaacov B 109 Xaxdpqc A B Aapdprjc Jacoby | ev Apoivoitp Di. e v 112 Appeveuiyc Di. dppevepvnc A dpeveppc B

108 6cipiv A 8aipr|v B

111 dpeppc B dppepijc A

120 ae9po!tn A aai8poitn B | vopci ndXiv A voponoXiv B

110 'EnTaKaiSeKCtTn Suvaareia 'Ouofj

Iulius Africanus a X X o i (3aaiXlc, y ' fiBaaiXEUoav

F46 Dynasties of Egypt

111

TCOIUEVEC;

o i noipEVEC, Kai oi n f j a i o i

Kai n B a f o t A i o c r r t o X i T a i y'. Etn pva'. [...]

17

th

dynasty o f t h r e e a d d i t i o n a l shepherd k i n g s , a n d kings o f T h e b a n D i o s p o l i s ,


5

three i n n u m b e r .

T h e t o t a l f o r t h e reigns o f the shepherds a n d T h e b a n kings is 151 years. 'OKTiOKaiSeKctTn S u v a a i E t a A i o a n o X i T a J v pdoiXEcov ic;', tov Aucbc,

Ttpcoxoc;

scp'

o u Mcouofjc, i;fiX0v

art'

AiyuTtTou,

cbc, rjuEtc,

arto-

1 8 * dynasty o f 16 k i n g s o f D i o s p o l i s T h e first o f t h e m was A m o s , d u r i n g w h o s e r e i g n Moses w e n t o u t E g y p t , as w e can prove. But as our reckoning requires, it follows that in his reign Moses was still young.
6

6E[KVI)UEV.

from

'fie, 5' q itapoOaa yfjepoe; d v a y K d C e i , eni r o u r o u T6V Mcouoea cruuSaivei veov e n elvai. [...] AeuTepoc, K a r a AcppiKavov K a r a x f | v i n ' S u v a a x s i a v (JaaiXt)0E Xe[Jpcbc iy'. T p i x o c , Auvco(p0ic, Exn K a ' . T x a p x o c Apsvaic, Exn K(3'.

Etn

According to Africanus, the second k i n g o f t h e 1 8 years. T h e t h i r d was A m e n h o t e p , 21 years. T h e f o u r t h was A m e n s i s , 22 years. T h e fifth was M i s a p h r i s , 13 years.

t h

dynasty was C h e b r o s ,

13

riEpTtxoc,
"EKXOC,

Miaacppic,

Exn iy'.
K C / - (p' OVJ 6 ETti AeuKaXicovoc, Kaxa-

MiacppaypouOcoorc, Exn KAuapoc,.

T h e s i x t h was M i s p h r a g m u t h o s i s , 26 years. D u r i n g his r e i g n , the f l o o d at the t i m e o f Deucalion occurred.

' O p o O a i t ' Apcbc, gxt) C n'

ECOC,

Mia(ppaypou0ci>aEcoc; dpyf|c; Kara Acppucavov y i v o v x a i

T h e t o t a l f r o m A m o s t o the r u l e o f M i s p h r a g m u t h o s i s according to Africanus is 69 years. 7. T u t h m o s i s , 9 years. A m e n o p h i s , 31 years. T h i s is t h e o n e w h o is believed t o be M e m n o n , a s o u n d i n g stone. 9. 10. 11. 12. 13. 14. 15. 16. O r u s , 3 7 years. A c h e r r e s , 32 years. Rath o s, 6 years. C h e b r e s , 12 years. A c h e r r e s , 12 years. A r m e s i s , 5 years. Ramses, 1 year. A m e n o p h a t h , 19 years.
7

i;e'. [...]
TouGpcoaic, EXT] 9'. ApEvcbcpic.

Exn Xa'- otixoc,


Xi9oc,.

EOXIV

6 MEpvcov

Elvai

vopit^opEvoc, Kai

8.

CDGEYYOUEVOC,

0'

Opo; Exn X C -

L'
ta' i(3' iy' 16' IE' tc/ 'OpoO

A-x ppn n P''Pa9ci)c, exr) c;'. X(5prjc, EXT) 1^'. A x E p p r j c , EXT) i|3'. A p p E a i c , exn '. T a p E a o t j e ; E X O C , a', ApEvcocpa0 2xq 10'.

cg T

Exn ai,y'5

T o t a l o f 263 y e a r s .

test.iSync.

131

inc.Sync. [AB]

131-135

69,9-12 Moss. = 76,28-31 Moss.

135 des. Sync.

1 3 6 - 1 4 4 77,24 - 78,5 Moss. 1 4 5 - 1 6 6 80,3-24 Moss. 6 129s > T 4 6 b , 6 s 131-142 -< F34.75-87.96-102; T 4 6 c , l - 7 ; T47; T48b,4s; T 5 5 134s T46c,3-5; T47.3-8; T55.6-9.34S.41-44 1 3 9 - > T46g,3s 145-155-> T46g,5s 156 T46d; T46e

The manuscripts of Syncellus erroneously assign 43 shepherd kings and 43 kings of Theban Diospolis to the 17 dynasty. The emendation of both numbers to three is supported by Syn cellus' subsequent comment accusing Eusebius of deliberately reducing the number of kings of Manetho's 17 dynasty (that is, Africanus' version of Manetho) from six to four (T46b).
th th

1 3 2 - 1 3 5 cf. T a t . , orat. 38 146s cf. Paus. 1,42,3 129 bis y' scripsimus (videT46b,6) py' A B Sync. 4? S y n c .
1 2 1

131 paoiXemv < Sync.


2

132 ecp'] ctcp" S y n c . A | dit' 143 d n ' Apdx; ecoc, Moss, and 7

132s

dnoSeiKvupev Sync. dTtoSencvOopev Sync.^A dncxSeiKvuujpev Sync.':B 141 J i n A e r i B

138 K a ' G o a r " K 5 ' A B cpdG B dpevcocp A

139 dpevoic, B dpepaic, A

According to Syncellus, Misphragmuthosis (the sixth king of the 18 dynasty in Africanus' list) was the ruler of Egypt at the time of the Exodus. Because this king was also known as Amosis or Amos, Syncellus supposed that Africanus mistakenly confused him with the first king of the 16 dynasty, thereby erring in his dating of the Exodus (see T46c). The comment that Moses was "still young" during the reign of Amos is thus a later gloss, presumably from Syncellus himself. Syncellus reports Africanus' notice about the reign of Amos twice, in both cases inexplicably adding the same gloss and in identical wording (69,1 If; 76,30f). This raises the possibility that the remark about Africanus' erroneous dating of the Exodus already existed in the text of Africanus that Syncellus was transcribing.
th

th

pcoaecoc, A B erci Apiiaecoc roij K a i Di. 147 \i9oc, A Xi9ouq B 153 dppeoic; B dppeafic; A 155 dpevco-

For the attribution of this entry concerning Memnon to Africanus himself (not Manetho), see Routh 396.

112

Iulius Africanus

F46 Dynasties of Egypt

113

' E v v a K a i 5 K & T r | S u v a a x e i a BaotXetov AIOO7TOXIXCT)V C '

19

th

d y n a s t y o f six k i n g s o f D i o s p o l i s 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. Sethos, 51 years. Rapsaces, 61 years. A m m e n e p t h e r , 20 years. Ramesses, 60 years. A m m e n e m n e s , 5 years. T h u o r i s , w h o i n H o m e r is called Polybus, h u s b a n d o f A l c a n d r a , a n d d u r i n g whose r e i g n I l i u m was taken, 7 years. T o t a l o f 2 0 9 years.
8

a'
6' 160 y' 5' e' c' 165 .

Ze0a>c exn v a ' .


'PaM/dKnc; exn i,a'. ApevecpGfjc exn K ' . 'Papeoafjc exn ,'. A p p e v e p v f j c exn e'. oucopic, 6 n a p ' 'Opfjpcp KaXoupevoc FIoAuBoc, AXicdvSpac dvfjp, ecp' ov x o T X i o v edXco, exn C.

'Opofj exn a 0 ' . 'Eni rov a u x o f j Seuxepou x o p o u MaveGcb paatXeic oc' exn ,BpKa'. [...] T p i x o u x o p o u MaveGd) EtKOOxf] S u v a a x e i a BaaiXecov AioanoXixcDv iB', o'i eBaoiXeuoav exn pXe' r i p t b x n K a i eiKoaxf] S u v a a x e i a BaoiXecov Tavixcuv (,' 20 21
th

I n t h e a b o v e s e c o n d b o o k o f M a n e t h o , t h e r e is a t o t a l o f 96 kings o f 2121 years. F r o m the t h i r d b o o k o f M a n e t h o d y n a s t y o f t w e l v e kings o f D i o s p o l i s : these reigned for 135 years. d y n a s t y o f seven k i n g s o f Tanis 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. 7. S m e n des, 26 years. Psusennes, 46 years. Nephelcheres, 4 years. A m e n o p h t h i s , 9 years. Osochor, 6 years. Psinaches, 9 years. Psusennes, 14 years.

st

170

a'
B' y' 6' e'

Zpev5r|c exn K C ' .


Y o u a e V v n c exn pc;'. Necpe\Yepf]c,
T r

| S'.

ApevtocpBic exn 0'. 'Oooxcbp exn, c,'. H'lvaxfjc, e x n 0 ' . H'ouoevvnc, exn 18'.

175

?' C

'OpoO exn pX'. EiKoaxf] S e u x e p a S u v a a x e i a BouBaoxixciv BaoiXecov 0 ' a' 180 B' y'6'e' <;' Cl'0' Zeoaiyx'c, rr\ K a ' . 'O0op0cbv exn ie'. dXXoi xpelc, exn Ke'. TaKeXcu0ic, exq iy'. dXXoi xpelc, rr\ p(3'. 22
n d

T o t a l o f 130 years. d y n a s t y o f n i n e kings o f Bubastus 1, 2, 6. Sesonchis, 2 1 years. O s o r t h o n , 15 years. Takelothis, 13 years.

3, 4 , 5. T h r e e others, 25 years. 7, 8, 9. T h r e e others, 42 years. T o t a l o f 120 years.

'Opofj exn pK'.

test.: Sync. 164

1 6 7 - 1 9 8 82,2 - 83,6 Moss.

F50,26s 8 163 JJoXuSoc AXKdv6paq Di. rtoXufJouc, c' C 167 pave9ii) A pave9d>9 B
c

163 H o m . , O d . 4,126 157 c/ Muller 169 (,' B vC A A B pa' corr. D i . A B 160 au.eve(p9fjc B duueve99f|c; A 170 opev6f|c, B ape6f|C. A

Although this notice about the fall of Troy is forward compatible with the date of the first Olympiad given later in the list (see the following note), it is not backward compatible with Africanus' chronology of the Exodus. According to Africanus, the Exodus occurred in the 55
th

dXKavSpoc; A noXupouc, C ci\Kav6poc B

166 Move9<i> D i . pave9(i)9 A B 171 vyouovvn,c B veouaevpc, ^

year of the reign of Phoroneus (F50,6f), during the reign of the Egyptian king Amos (above, 1.132f). F r o m 55 Phoroneus to the fall of Troy, Africanus counted 613 years (see F50,26f), a number far exceeding the length of time that Africanus' version of Manetho assigned to the period from Amos to Thuoris. The date given here probably preserves the version of the text from which Africanus copied.

youveoT|c. ante corr. A | pq' 180 6oop9ibv B

174

ocox&p B

6aox6p A

176

\|/ouoevvfic, B aouovvn,c A | 16' AB Xe' Di. ex Eus.

178 PaoiXewv] B ^ " A IJaaiXelc. B

179 aeocoyxic, B Zeaciyxic, A Zea6yxu>mq Di.

6<jCDp9(I)vA 182 TaKeX(o9ic, B taKEX\u)9ic, A

114

Iulius Africanus

F46 Dynasties of Egypt

115

185

T p i x n K a l e i K o o T t ] Suvaaxeia T a v t x t b v (3acriAcov 5' a' 6' y' t6' . neTou(3dTnc; exn p'- ecp' o u 'OAupmac; rjx9r|. 'Oaopxcb exn n ' , o v ' H p a K A e a A i y u T t x t o i KaAouai. Y a p p o u c ; exn i ' . Z f ] x exn Aa'. t

23

r d

d y n a s t y o f f o u r k i n g s o f Tanis 1. 2. 3. t4. Petubates, 40 years. D u r i n g his r e i g n , the O l y m p i c games w e r e held.


9

O s o r c h o , 8 years. T h e Egyptians call h i m Heracles. Psammus, 10 years. Zet, 3 1 y e a r s . t


1 0

190

D p o f j exn TT0'. T e x d p x n Kal eiKocrnj Suvaaxeia Boxxcopic; Zaixnc; exn <;' ecp' o u d p v i o v ecpGeycaxo, exn ?)o'. FlepTrxn K a l elKoaxr) Suvaaxeia AiBtoTiiov fSaaiAecov y' a' Za(3dKcov, 6c; aixpdAcoxov B o x x ^ p i v eXcbv e r a u o e (cbvxa, K a i e(3aoiAeuoev exn n ' . (3' Y' ZeGixcbc; uioc; exn 16'. TdpKoc; exn i n ' . 25
t h

T o t a l o f 89 years. 24
t h

dynasty B o c h c h o r i s o f Sais, 6 years. D u r i n g his r e i g n a l a m b spoke, 990 years. d y n a s t y o f three E t h i o p i a n k i n g s 1. 2. 3. Sabacon, w h o , after t a k i n g B o c h c h o r i s captive, b u r n e d h i m alive. H e r e i g n e d f o r 8 years. Sebichos, h i s s o n , 14 years. Tarcus, 18 years.
11

195

D p o f j exn p'. [...] "EKxn K a l eiKOOXTJ Suvaoxeia Zai'xcbv paaiXeurv 6 ' 200 a' (3' Y' 6' e' 205 c/ C Zxecptvdxnc; exn Nexe\|/cbc; exn c;'. Nexacb exn n ' . ^ a p p r j x i x o c ; exn v 5 ' . Nexacb Seuxepoc; exn c;'- ouxoc; elAe XTJV'IepouaaAijp K a l 'Icodxai; x 6 v |3aaiXea aixpdAcoxov eic; A l y o T r r o v dTtTiYaye. ^ d p p o u B i c ; exepoc; exn c;'. Ouacppic exn 10'- cb TtpoaecpUYOv aXouanc; OTTO A o a u p i c o v 'Iepoua a X r j p o i xujv'IouSaitov UTTOXOITTOI.

T o t a l o f 40 years. 26
t h

d y n a s t y o f n i n e k i n g s o f Sals 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. 7. Stephinates, 7 years. Nechepsos, 6 years. Nechao, 8 years. P s a m m e t i c h u s , 54 years. N e c h a o I I , 6 years. H e captured Jerusalem a n d l e d k i n g Joachaz captive i n t o E g y p t . A n o t h e r P s a m m u t h i s , 6 years. U a p h r i s , 19 years. T h e r e m n a n t o f the Jews f l e d t o h i m w h e n Je r u s a l e m w a s c a p t u r e d by the Assyrians.

test.:Sync.

1 9 9 - 2 3 0 84,11 - 85,14Moss. 192-194 ps. Io. Ant. fr. 30* (572 Ro.)'Eni QoKyppitoc BaaiXiaq 204s F72 207s T77a,5s
1 Hier

186 - * F50,28s; F64; F65

Aiyvmov 9 This notice about the staging of the first Olympic games during the reign of Petubates aligns with Africanus' reckoning. Following the conventional chronology established by Eratosthenes, Africanus numbered 407 years from the fall of Troy to O l . 1,1 (F50.28). A n earlier notice in his list of Egyptian kings dates the fall of Troy during the reign of Thouris (1. 164). From the end of his reign to 1 Petubates, the sum of the years given for the intervening dynasties (20,21 and 22) totals 385. (Note, however, that the combined years of the individual kings of these dynasties come to only 365.) Depending on the year of Thuoris' seven-year reign in which Troy fell, O l . 1,1 would thus have occurred between 15 and 22 Petubates.

apviov sX.&Ar|o-v avBpwnivfl (pavij, 6v Xa^ciKtov 6 Aididntov ttamXtvq aixpdAuiTov XaSuiv, (covra K O T E K a u o e v ol Si <paoiv wc t&Seipsv.

192 cf. Aelian., nat. animal. 12,3; Eus., chron. 68,34s; Eus., can." 180; Eus., c a n . nus Manasses, c h r o n . 4854-4858 Sync. 258,2-6; 259,25-29
1 1

86 ; Constanti

204s

cf. I I Par 36,2-4; I V Regn 23,33-35; Eus., can.*'" 186;

207s cf. I V Regn 25,1-11; 25,25s; Hipp., chron. 679; Clem. Alex., Strom.

1,21,127,1s; E u s . , can."" " 187; Sync. 268,18-25; Sym. Log. (Leo Gr. 44,12-15 = T h . Mel. 38,9-12 = Iul. Pol. 136,3s) 186 itf' Goar dcp' A B | f|x6r| + rcpd>Tr| Routh A \6' B 192 e r r | ^ 9 ' ] fort. err| opou oe' 196 oeBixcbc, B aeurixoc, A 189 5' A X8' B | (|f|T AB ^ T e r r a i Flinders-Petrie | \ a ' 202 vexad) A va^ad B 203 \|/appn,Tuxoc, A 10 11

This is not a proper name. It is probably an abbreviation of CnTeirai ("there is a question" or "he is missing"), intended to express some uncertainty about the 31 years. The text must be corrupt here. For possible emendation, see app.; cf. Waddell 1940,165 ad l o c , who assumes a lacuna between 'a lamb spoke' and '990 years'.

194 oa(3dKU)v B oaB^dKcov A | (36xx<i>piv A pdxxopiv B

199 o d i r i i v B daairtov A

ipappirixoc, B 2 0 7 urtd A dud B

116

Iulius Africanus

F46 Dynasties o f Egypt

117

n' 210 9'

A p w o i c Tr| pS'. H'auiiExsptTnc; pfjvac c'.

8. 9.

A m o s i s , 4 4 years. Psammecherites, 6 months.

'OpoO Tr| p v ' K a i pfjvac c'' E 6 6 6 p n K a i eiKOOTf] SuvaaTEia nspacbv (3aaiAiov n ' a' Kap8uar|c E T E I AiyuTtTou Etn c,'. P" Y' 5'
E' E ' tfjc;

T o t a l o f 150 years, 6 m o n t h s . 27
th

d y n a s t y o f e i g h t Persian k i n g s 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. 7. 8.

12

E a u t o u BaatAeiac riepacov s(3aoi\uo"v

I n t h e fifth year of his r e i g n o v e r the Persians, Cambyses b e c a m e k i n g o f E g y p t , r u l i n g for 6 years. D a r i u s , s o n o f Hystaspes, 36 years. X e r x e s t h e Great, 21 years. A r t a b a n u s , 7 months. A r t a x e r x e s , 4 1 years. Xerxes, 2 months. Sogdianus, 7 months. D a r i u s , s o n o f Xerxes, 19 years.

Aapioc;TaTdaTTou err\ Xc/. Hpt;r|<; 6 p s y a c ETn K a ' . A p r d B a v o c pfjvac; Apta^Ep^nc; Etn p a ' . Hfip^nc; pfjvac Suo. E o y 8 i a v 6 c pfjvac; (' Aapstoc H s p ^ o u E t n i 9 ' .

<
c n'

'OpoO Etn pKS', pfjvac 8'. E'lKoaTrj o y S o r ) SvvacrrEia A p u p T E o c ZaiTnc Tn c'. 225 ' E v d T n K a i EiKoaTij 6 u v a o T i a M E v o n a i w v BaaiAitov 8' a' (3' y' 5' 230 NecpEpirnc ETn c'. 'Axcoptc ETn i y ' .
v

T o t a l o f 124 years, 4 m o n t h s . 28
t h

dynasty A m y r t e o s o f Sai's, 6 years.

29

t h

d y n a s t y o f f o u r k i n g s o f Mendes 1. 2. 3. 4. N e p h e r i t e s , 6 years. A c h o r i s , 13 years. P s a m m u t h i s , 1 year. Nepherites, 4 months.

T d p p o u 9 i c E T O C a'.
/

Necpopirnc pfjvac 8'.

'OpoO Tn K ' , pfjvac 8'. [...] T p i a K o a T f ] SuvaaTEia EEpevvuTcov BaaiAicov y ' a'
B'

T o t a l o f 2 0 years, 4 m o n t h s . 30
th

d y n a s t y o f t h r e e k i n g s o f Sebennytos 1. 2. 3. Nectanebes, 18 years. Teos, 2 years. N e c t a n e b u s , 18 years.

NeKTaveBnc Tn i n ' .
T E C O C ETn B'.

y' 235

NEKxdvEBoc E T n i n ' .

'OpoO fern An'. npd)TT| Kai TpiaKOOTf] SuvaaTEia IlEpatuv paaiAficov y ' 31
s t

T o t a l o f 38 years. dynasty o f t h r e e Persian kings 1. O c h u s , i n the 2 0


t h

a'

O x o c E ' I K O O T O ) E T E I Tfjc saurou (JaaiAEiac IlepacTjv efSaaiAEUoev A i yuTtTou ETn B'.

year o f h i s r e i g n over the Persians, became k i n g


13

o f E g y p t , r u l i n g for 2 y e a r s .

test.: Sync.

231 - 2 4 5 86,22 - 87,8 Moss. 2 1 3 - 222 - * F73.9-18 236-241 F73.19-21 225 MEv6r|oiu)v BCIOIXEUIV Moss. pEvSrjoioi BaaiAJ226 VEcpepiTric B vE(pepEiTr|c A 228 i|/dppou9icA 13 236 BOOIAECOV A Baai-

213s ^ T 7 5 a

215 ucrrdcmou B vxrrdTtov A o v A pevorjaioi B B v|/dpou9ic B AEIC B


a a

218 ixr\ B ETOC A

12

There are some slight differences between this list from Manetho and the list of the Persian kings in F73. A total of 22 years for the reign of Ochus is not standard in ancient chronography, but rather a specific feature of Africanus' system, see F73.19.

B MevSrjaioi BaaiAac D i .

2 2 9 v(pophx|c B vecpopdric A

231 BaaiA&ov A BaaiAEic B

118

Iulius Africanus

F46 Dynasties of Egypt

119

B' 240 y'

Apo-fjc exn y ' . A a p e i o c Etn 6'.

2. 3.

Arses, 3 years. D a r i u s , 4 years.


14

O p o u exn < 6 ' > .


Y' T O U O U ,av'.

T o t a l o f < 9 > years. I n B o o k T h r e e , 1050 [years]. Here ends the w o r k o f M a n e t h o . 15 M a c e d o n i a n k i n g s .


15

M e ^ p i xcSvSe Mave6ti>c. T d Se uexct x a u x a ec^EAAnviKcov OTYYpacneojv. 245 M a K e 6 6 v a ) v BaaiAetc; te'.

Subsequent E g y p t i a n c h r o n o l o g y is based o n G r e e k historians.

test.: Sync. 245

2 4 5 (kujiXelc. ie' des. Sync.

T6.16; F86; F89.53-56; T84,2s

241 6' scripsimus

T 4 6 a G e o r g i u s Syncellus ( 6 5 , 1 8 - 2 0

Mosshammer) T46a
1 6

Z n u e i o r r e o v o r t o a o v 6 EuaeBtoc A 9 p t K a v o u \ e m e t x a t dKpiBeiac. ev xe xfi, xtov BaaiAecov 7too-6xnxi Kai xatc, xcov ovopdxtov ucpcupeaeoi K a i xolc, xpovoic, a x e 5 6 v x d AcppiKavoO auxaic; Ae^eat ypctcpajv [sequitur d y n a s t i a 7 s e c u n d u m Eus.]. One s h o u l d n o t e the extent to w h i c h Eusebius falls short o f A f r i c a n u s ' accuracy, i n the n u m b e r o f k i n g s , b y the o m i s s i o n o f names, a n d i n dates. Yet he v i r t u a l l y reproduces A f r i c a n u s v e r b a t i m , as f o l l o w s : [seventh dynasty a c c o r d i n g t o Eusebius].
- T45.7-12 1 cf. Eus., c h r o n . 65-69 [AB] 16<A

14 There is no contradiction between this information (4 years for Darius I I I ) and F73.21 (6 years). This dating is correct because it corresponds to the years for Darius as king of Egypt (336-333 B C ) . After the conquest of Egypt by Alexander, Darius was still king of Persia for about two years (333-331 B C ) . 15 The two lines that follow these words are from Africanus himself. 16 Syncellus gives the list of the kings of Egypt from Africanus, mixed with lists from Eusebius and other sources. Between these texts Syncellus comments on the names and the years of the various sources. T h e following testimonia are part of these introductions and comments.

120

Iulius Africanus

F46 Dynasties of Egypt

121

T 4 6 b G e o r g i u s Syncellus ( 6 9 , 1 - 7 M o s s h a m m e r )

T46b It should be n o t e d h o w Eusebius, t o suit his o w n purpose, states that t h e k i n g s who, a c c o r d i n g t o A f r i c a n u s ' report, b e l o n g e d t o the 1 5 dynasty were p a r t o f the 1 7 dynasty. F o r i t is agreed by all that Joseph was r u l e r o f E g y p t at t h e t i m e o f A p h o p h i s . A n d as Eusebius was n o t at a l l able t o p u t h i m d u r i n g t h e r e i g n o f some other k i n g , h e transferred A p h o p h i s f r o m t h e 1 5
th th th

SnLLElCOTEOV T C C 6 EuO"f3lOC, TtpOC, TOV TO,


Xeyet.
ETT!

OIKEIOV

OKOTtOV TOUC, Tfjc, TtVTKai6Kd.Tr|C,

6 u v a a T i a c , n a p d TGJ AcppiKavco cpEpopEvouc, K a r a r i j v iC S u v a a r d a v yEyovEvai y a p n a c t aup7i9covr|Tat


ETC'I O T I STCI

A f cbcpEtoc, i^pc;Ev'Ia>af|<p Tfjc, A l y u n T o u .


TOV

pf| e^tov OTtojaouv

dXXou
TTJV

TIVOC,

a u r o v napa9cr9ai pErqyaye

'Acpcocpiv

d n o Tfjc i e ' SuvaoTEiac, Etc, vouc,.

iC, KoXo(3cbaac, r d Exn a u r o u h\a' u n d p x o v r a sic,

to t h e 1 7

t h

dynasty.

X', ra 6 E rfjc; oAnc, SuvaatEtac, p v a ' p y ' TrapaGdc, Kai d v r i rcliv 'it, (3aaiXa>v 6' p o -

A n d he c u t s h o r t t h e actual 61 years o f his r u l e d o w n t o 30, presented t h e 1 5 1 years o f the w h o l e d y n a s t y as 103 years, a n d instead o f six kings gave o n l y four.

l-3-

F46,117-127;T47,28-30

3 - T 4 6 c , l l s ; F33 4 - 7 - * F46,126s; T46c,15s 5 - 7 - F46,129s

1 cf. Eus., c h r o n . 67,28 - 68,2; Sync. 68,21-30 3 cf. Ios., c. Ap. 1,80; Sync. 125,1-8 [AB] 3 AcpaxpEux; Goar dcpdjcj) ecoc, A dcpdxp Scoc, B 4 aurov B aiirou A

T 4 6 c G e o r g i u s Syncellus ( 7 7 , 1 - 2 3 M o s s h a m m e r ) O l p a i T O V A<ppiKav6v dyvoElv o n Kai 6 n a p ' aura; Apcbc, 'Aptuaic, EKaXElro 6 a u TOC,

T46c I a m o f t h e o p i n i o n t h a t Africanus was u n a w a r e t h a t his A m o s ' was also k n o w n as Amosis', i d e n t i c a l as w e l l w i t h Tethmosis t h e s o n o f Aseth, as w i l l b e s h o w n . A n d we find t h a t M i s p h r a g m u t h o s i s , the s i x t h k i n g i n succession after h i m , is likewise called A m o s i s . B u t d u r i n g t h e r e i g n o f this first A m o s i s ( t h a t is, A h m o s e a c c o r d i n g t o A f r i c a n u s ) , o r four years before his rule, Moses was b o r n , as has been s h o w n , i n A M 3732. D u r i n g t h e r e i g n o f this second A m o s i s , also k n o w n as M i s p h r a g m u t h o s i s , Moses w e n t f o r t h f r o m Egypt w i t h his people i n A M 3812, his 8 0
t h

K a i TeBpcoaic, uioc. AarjO, (be, 5nXa>9rJ0ETai- Kai 6 p s r ' a u r o v

EKTOC,

Mia<ppay-

pouGcoaic, ouoiojc, Kai Apcoaic, s u p n r a i XEyopEvoc,. dXXd K a r a pev T O V npebrov ' A p o j o i v , rJToi Apdx; n a p ' a u r a ) , fj n p o 6' Tfjc v r | T a i , cbc, 6e6fjXcoTai, Kara Xacu rep ,yoji(3'
ETEITOO TO

dpxfjc, a u r o u

ETCOV,

Mojuarjc yysT6V

,yvfXp'

ETOC, T O U

Koapou- K a r a

SE

SsuTEpov

' A p t o a i v , T O V Kai MiacppaypouGcoaiv, Mujuaijc J;fjX0v an' A i y u n r o u cruv rep

Koapou, n ' S E a u r o u .

K a r a Eiiaefhov- DKrcuKaiSEKdrri S u v a a r s i a AioonoXiTtbv (3aaiXcov iS' cbv npdJTOc, 'Apicooic, Tf| K E ' .

year.

A c c o r d i n g t o Eusebius: 1 8 * dynasty o f 14 k i n g s o f D i o s p o l i s . T h e first o f t h e m was A m o s i s , f o r 2 5 years.

1-7

F46.131-141

8 cf. Eus., c h r o n . 68,3s (= Manetho FGrHist 609 F3b, p. 37) [AB] 2 Te9|Koo-tc, B TESUCOOTJC, A 4s yeyvr|Tai A yEyEvvnrai B 5 cbc B cl) A | r 6 B rci A 6 rov Kai

A Kai B 8 (3aoiAeu)v A BamAeuc, B

122 ITpo
TOUTOU

Iulius Africanus

F46 Dynasties of Egypt

123

xou Aud>0u>c TETapTov Kal T\ei>Taiov Tfjc


ETCPV TUJV

SuvaaTEtac 'Acpco-

Before this A m o s i s , Eusebius erroneously m a d e A p h o p h i s the f o u r t h a n d last r u l e r o f the 1 7


th

cpiv E u a s B i o c ; nap0To napaAoycuc, K a 9 ' 6v ndvTEC o p o A o y o v o i TOV'Iojarjcp ap-

dynasty, d u r i n g whose r e i g n there is u n i v e r s a l agreement

i,ai AlyuTtTou, o v
TOV

16' cprjai BaoiXeuaat, ndvTtov ca' Tn o p o X o y o u v T t o v aun p o Euae|3iou. 6 0 a y o u v noaoic


ECJOSOU EKTOV ETEOI TOV

that Joseph was r u l e r i n E g y p t . A c c o r d i n g to h i m , he was k i n g for 14 years, even t h o u g h a l l Eusebius' predecessors a f f i r m that he r e i g n e d f o r 6 1 years. For b y h i s illogical t h i n k i n g I dare n o t call i t ' l o g i c ' A m o s i s preceded Moses a n d the Exodus b y as m a n y years. A n d Africanus also attests that A p h o p h i s , the s i x t h k i n g i n the 1 5 dynasty, r e i g n e d over Egypt for 6 1 years. N o w i f there is a n ap parent excess o f years f r o m A p h o p h i s u p to A m o s i s , t h i s is the fault o f disagre e m e n t a m o n g the E g y p t i a n s , since t h i s is the w a y I f o u n d t h e m i n M a n e t h o : f o r 80 years are m o r e t h a n t h e years f r o m Joseph to Moses. The remaining kings o f the 18 the first k i n g , i n A f r i c a n u s .
th th

PeBaaiXeuKEvai

Apa>cxiv n p o ETT]

yEyoyEvai

JVICOUOECOC,

Kai Tfjc,

napEXoyiaaTo, i'va pf] Ayu> auvEXoyiaaTo.


KOTO, TIJV IE'

p a p r u p E i Se K a i AcppiKavdc <pu)c, em ' A p c o a t v ,


TOUTO

(3aaiXea 'Acpcocpiv
TOIC,

SuvaaTEiav
S O K E ! GOTO OUTCD

h\a' Tfjc, AiyuTCTou BaaiAEuaai. E i S E

v p o v o i c nEnAEovaKsvai
ETUJV ETII

Acpcbnapa

n a p a Tfjc AiyuTtTicov sna0ev daupcpcoviac,

MaveBcb K e i p e v a supciiv- nAEico y a p re' Tcbv dnd'Iu)af|cp piKavcI) Apebe;.

Mtouasa.

O i XoiTtoi BaoiXEic AiyvmTOU Tfjc i n ' SuvaaTEtac pTa Tdv nptTrrov Ttapd Acp-

dynasty o f E g y p t w h o succeeded A h m o s e

U s -< T46b,3

15s - > F46.126; T46b

10s cf. Ios., c. A p . 1,80 [AB] 10 rcpo T O U T O U B rtpcoTouA 17 dpouaiv B 12 6vTci)vB iivTd)vA I err| Di. eroc,AB 12s aiirov G o a r
m

auTciv A B

TOUTO B TOUTCJ) A [ drjupeptuviac, A dcpuivlac, B

18 Eupcbv A Eupov B

20 Apcoc.

T46f,2 dpuiaiv A

T 4 6 d G e o r g i u s Syncellus ( 6 9 , 1 3 - 1 7 M o s s h a m m e r )
<Kcrra E U O E B I O V . > OKTCOKUiSEKdrrj d u v a o T e i a AiocmoXiTtbv fiaoiX^cov i S \ cbv nptbtoq Apcoau; ETT]

T46d
< According to Eusebius:> 18
th

dynasty of 14 kings of Diospolis. The first of them was Amosis, for

KE'. K d v T a u G a EUOE(3IOC Suo (3aaiXic TtpiKpu\]/v, ETT) S E npoa0r|K T I E ' , Tpr|' TTapaGsic d v x i a t y
TOJV

25 years. Here as w e l l Eusebius, w h i l e suppressing t w o kings, a d d e d o n 85 years, p r o v i d i n g 348 years i n s t e a d o f Africanus' 263 years.

n a p ' AcppiKavio.

3^F46,156;

T46e

1 Eus., chron. 6 8 , 3 (= Manetho FGrHist 609 F3b, p. 37)


[AB] 1 K a r a EUOETJIOV s u p p l . G o a r < A B | BCI0IXEU>V 16' B PCKJIXEICOVA | dpoioic, B dppu>ar|c,A

2 EUOEBIOC 8do

BaaiXac, 7tpiKpu\|/v B Suo BOOIXEIC, 6 EUOEPIOC, 7iapKpu\|/v A

T 4 6 e G e o r g i u s Syncellus ( 8 1 , 1 6 - 1 8 M o s s h a m m e r ) [ d y n a s t i a 1 8 s e c u n d u m Eus.] d p o b fern Tpr|'. npoa0r]Ksv unsp T 6 V A 9 p i K a v 6 v Tr] itz' E u a e f h o c K a r a Ttjv in' SuvaoTEiav.

T46e [18
t h

dynasty a c c o r d i n g t o Eus.] Total, 348 years. A t the 1 8

t h

dynasty, Eusebius

adds 85 years more t h a n A f r i c a n u s .

->F46,156;T46d

124

Iulius Africanus

F46 Dynasties of Egypt

125

T 4 6 f G e o r g i u s Syncellus ( 7 6 , 2 2 - 2 6 M o s s h a m m e r ) TeT&xQcocrav Se f|ptv e9ei;fjc a i X o m a i Suvaaretai


TCOV

T46f A i y u n r o u BaaiXecov d u o N o w let us a r r a n g e i n sequence the r e m a i n i n g dynasties o f the k i n g s o f E g y p t f r o m the same 1 8


th

Tfjc, auxfjc i n ' K a i T O U n p c o t o u BaaiXetoc auTijc Apcbc uev K a r a Acppucavov, KaTa 6 e E v a e B i o v A u t o o i o c , KaTa 5e T O n a p o v xpovoypacpeiov Kai etepa dKpiBfj, tbc 5eix6r|oeTai, Seurepou Tfjc auTfjc i n ' SuvaaTeiac Apcbatoc.
2-+F46.132; T47.21-24

dynasty and its first k i n g , called A m o s a c c o r d i n g t o A f r i c a

nus a n d A m o s i s a c c o r d i n g to Eusebius. B u t i n the present chronography, a n d i n other accurate ones, as w i l l be shown, the sequence w i l l be arranged f r o m A m o sis as the s e c o n d k i n g o f this 1 8
th

dynasty.

2s Eus., chron. 68,3s; Sync. 69,14s

T 4 6 g G e o r g i u s Syncellus (79,29 - 80,2 M o s s h a m m e r ) 'OuoO d n o Aucbaecoc T O U n p a r r o u Tfjc n p o r a p e v t i c i n ' SuvaoTeiac ecoc Miacppay-

T46g A l t o g e t h e r f r o m A m o s i s , the first k i n g o f t h i s 1 8


th

uou9cboeu>c

ctpxfjc

dynasty, d o w n t o the r u l e o f mentioned

Kara EuaeBiov ern y i v o v r a i o a ' . (3aaiXeic nevTe dvTi

TWV

et;.

M i s p h r a g m u t h o s i s , there are, a c c o r d i n g t o Eusebius, 71 years. A n d t h e r e are five k i n g s i n s t e a d o f six. For b y o m i t t i n g the f o u r t h k i n g Amenses, reign. T h o s e r e m a i n i n g o f the 1 8
th

T O V yap r e T a p T o v A p e v a f j v napaSpapcbv, ou AcppiKavoc, cbc a i oi Xotnoi, pepv n r a i , ern K ( 3 ' O U T O U eKoXoBcoaev. O i X o i n o l Tfjc in' S u v a a T e i a c peTd T O V M i a 9 p a y p o u 9 c o a i v K a r a AcppiKavov
OUTCOC-

by A f r i c a n u s , as w e l l as everyone else, he thereby cut out the 22 years o f h i s dynasty after M i s p h r a g m u t h o s i s , a c c o r d i n g t o

... ( F 4 6 , 1 4 4 - 1 5 5 )

Africanus, as f o l l o w s : . . . ( F46,144-155).
3-*F46,139 1 - 4 Eus., chron. 68,4s; Sync. 79,23-28

[AB]

1 Auwaeojc, Di. ucouaeiuc, A B 3 oi Moss. 6 AB 3s ueirvnrai A usuvnvrai B

T47 T47 G e o r g i u s Syncellus (69,18 - 71,7 M o s s h a m m e r )

King Amosis

and

Moses
th

N o w n o t i c e t h a t A f r i c a n u s w o u l d set A m o s i s i n the 8 0 I S o u Sq 6 p e v A 9 p i K a v 6 c BouXt|9eic K a r a T O n ' iroc, Mcouoecoc t o v Aptoatv eKGeaGai Sid rf\v eXXei\(/iv T i i v p i ' eTcov fjv unearTi eK Tfjc ry' yevedc T O U SeuTepou
TCOV

year o f Moses. T h i s was


th

because o f h i s o m i s s i o n o f the 110 years b e l o n g i n g to the 1 3

g e n e r a t i o n o f the

second K e n a n , s o n o f Arpachshad, as w e have already said a n d shall say repea tedly. Nevertheless, Africanus, m o r e c o m m i t t e d to the t r u t h t h a n Eusebius, was aware o f the d o m i n a n t m a j o r i t y v i e w that, d u r i n g the reign o f A m o s i s , P h o r o neus was k i n g o f t h e Argives, as w e l l as I n a c h u s his predecessor a n d father, i n the 4 1
s t

K a i v a v uiofj Apcpai;dS, d c e i p q r a i rjulv Kai p*i9fjaeTai noXXdKic, nXfjv cpiXaXr|> 8eaTepoc l i v EuaeBiou K a i eiScbc Tf|v
TOU

noXXcbv 66c;av
TO

OUTCO

Kparouaav, "Ivaxoc 6

OTI

6ni Apcbaecoc; Oopcoveuc Apyeicov eBaaiXeuae, Kai n p o ye TtaTrjp, 9 ' ou Mcouafjc yevvdTai KaTa
TCOV

TOUTOU

TOU-

pa'

CTOC,

fivayKdo9r|, Kainep o u

year o f w h o s e reign Moses was b o r n . A n d i t was this t h a t constrained

cnjp9(ovouar|c Tfjc ToiauTrjc 9TJ90U reXeicoc r a l e dno5eii;EOiv a u r o u , nXf|v S i d T O ctXr|9ec Kai p a X X o v Tfl
1-3

h i m , e v e n t h o u g h such reckoning does n o t square entirely w i t h his o w n argu ments; b u t i t was because o f the t r u t h t h a t he preferred to align h i m s e l f w i t h the m a j o r i t y o p i n i o n . F o r all the historians o f the c i r c u m c i s i o n , Josephus and

noXXcbv el;r|KoXou9r)ae 66?n. o'i Te y a p EK nepiTopfjc


1-39 - F46.132-135 3s F45.7-11; T46a

-T16i,3-7;T16k,3s;T161,3s;T16o,4-7;T16q

4 - 1 3 - F34.75-87; F48a,4-6; T48b,3-6; F50.3-7 1 cf. Eus., chron. 68,3 (= Manetho FGrHist 609 F3) [AB] 1 d|iu)atv B aucocrnv A
cpopoiv

8-12 cf. Ios., c. Ap. 2,15-17; Iustus FGrHist 734 F2s


m

2 E K trie, A < B 5 Aucbaetoc G o a r

aucuc, etoc. A B | cpopcDvtuc, G o a r

cpopu)vea>c B

iu>c A I'lvaxoc, Goar ivdxcuoc, AB 6 ecp' B dep' A 8 66^ri A 6di;ei B

126

Iulius Africanus

T47 King Amosis and Moses

127

TtdvTECi/IwanTtTTOc, T S Kai'Iouaroc;, oi Te ki, 'EXXfjvcov, noXepcov 9nui Kai Amaru, 10 noaeiScbvioc, Kai'HpoSoxoc;, rryv it, AiyimTou ttopeiav TOU'Iapaf|X Kara Oopcovea Kai 'ArtiSa T O U C ; Apyeicov BaaiAeic; auvYpa\|/av, Apcoascoc; AiyuTtTicov BaaiAevJovToc,, ov T O U T O U , dXXd T O U per' auTov T O U Kai Mio^paYpouOtbaecoc; K O X O U pevou- 6icb.vv>poi yap Kai Tpicovupot 7ioXXav_ou TCOV AiyuTtTicov oi BaaiXelc, ei3pnvxai. dpeXei youv Kai ev Tfj 0eig ypaq>f\ Kara T O TtXeTaTov Oapacb Xeyovrai, onep 15 fjv T O I C ; rtdai K O I V O V T E Kai TtpoariyopiKov ovopa, KaGditEp 6 ETTI A(3padp Hpcoroc; ev T O I C ; Xoyoic; cpEpopsvoc; Oapaco, oi' T E pETerreiTa eTri'Itoaijcp Kai'IaKcoS Kai xfjc; oouXeiac, T C O V uicbv'IaparjX ev AiyuTrrcp Kai Tfjc; aurcbv em Mcouaecoc; e66ou- Kai oxe56v artavicoc, E O T I V Eupstv Kuptov aurcbv ovopa, 7tXf|v EouaaKEip Kai N E X O I O Kai Ouacppt, Ttap' 6Xnv Trjv 0iav ypa9fjv- si yap Kai fjoav dvopaTa Kupia, O U K 20 dv Td rtoXXd TtEpi auTou 8i9covfj0r). 'Iareov 8e Kai T O U T O V T O V Apcoorv T O V Ttpcbrov km Tfjc; in' SuvaaTEtac; AiytmT O U BaaiXeuaavTa 6 A9piKav6c; 'Apcoarv 6vopd(ei, O T I Sicovupoc; rjv Xpcoaic;, d auTOc; Kai TeGpcoaic; KaXoupevoc; uioc; AafjG- fjpeic; Se SeuTEpov auTov Tfjc; in' ouvaaTeiac; KaTETdt^apEV ev T E dXXoic; dvTiypd90ic; Kai E V T O I C ; Ttpoc; eXeyxov 25 Anfcovoc;'IojafJTiTiou 5uai Xoyoic; nepi Tfjc; et; AiyimTou Ttopeiac; T O U Xaou, OUTCOC; aurov eupovTEc;. Kai 7tpcbTov T 6 V mrrepa auTou AaafjG, ou pvtjpnv A9piKav6<; Kai Euaefkoc; ou TteTtoinvTai, ertei 6 pev A9piKav6c; T O U C ; tfjc; e^KaiSeKdTnc; Kai ETtTaKaiSeKaTnc; 5uvaaTeiac; dvcovvpcoc; ee6a>Kev, 6 Se Euap\oc; O U T E TCO AfpiKavco ovre T C O 'Icoafjrotcp ou5' aXXco Tivi aup9covcov, Ta pev T C O V dvopaTcov E K 30 Tfjc; napa T C O A9piKavcp I E ' SuvaaTEiac; eic; Tf|v i(' peTfJYaye, roue; 8k xpovouc; itepieKoye, auyxPvov Mcouaecoc; 6eT^ai KeKpoita T O V 5i9ufj ETtEiyopEvoc;, papTupebv Kai auToc, E V TCO T O U Kavovoc; auTou rcpoXoycp rove, TtpoXExQEVTac; 'IcbanTtTtov pev Kai'IouoTov eK Tteprtopfjt;, A9piKavdv Se Kai KAfjpEvra T O V XrpcopaTea Kai TaTiavov, T O U Ka0' f|pdc, Xoyou dvSpac, ev ttaiSeuaei yvcopipouc; rcdvTac;, Ka35 Td "Ivaxov K a i Oopcovea rov'Ivdxou TtpcoTouc, Apysicov pWiXeic, yEvsaGai Mcouaea, wv cruyxpovoc; rjv'nyuyoc. auT6x9cov Ttpcirroc; ftaaiXeuc; AKTfjc; Tfjc; vuv A T T I Kfjc;, Kai 6 Kax' auT6v "Dyuyov TtpcbToc; Kai TtaXaioc; ioTopoupEvoc; "EXXnai KaTaKXuapoc; K a r a T O n' eToq Mcouaecoc;, ve' 8E Oopcovecoc;, Kara T O V A9piKav6v CI)6E moq E T T I Aet;ecoc; ypa9evTa- . . . ( F 3 4 . 3 8 - 5 8 ) 21s->F46,132s;T46c 23s-*T46f 27s - F46,128-130 28-31 -+ T46b; T46d 37s-*T48a,6s 9s cf. Polemo FHG 3,119 F13; Apion FGrHist 616 F2; Posidonius FGrHist 87 F69; Hdt. 2,162 12s cf. Ios., c. Ap. 1,86 15s cf. Gen 12,15 16s cf. Gen 40,1; Exod 1,11 17 cf. Exod 13,17 18s cf. Ill Regn 14,25; IV Regn 23,29 23-25 cf. Ios., c. Ap. 1,94 (= Manetho FGrHist 609 F9); 2,16 (= Apion FGrHist 616 F4) 28-31 cf. Eus., chron. 67,28 - 68,2; Sync. 68,20 - 69,7 31-36 cf. Eus., can. 7,11 - 10,4; Sync. 73,12-18 32s cf. Ios., ant. Iud. 1,16; Iustus Tib. FGrHist 734 F3 33s cf. Clem. Alex., Strom. 1,21,101,5s; Tat., orat. 38s
m

Justus, a n d those o f t h e Greeks, I m e a n P o l e m o n a n d A p i o n , Posidonius a n d Herodotus, have r e c o r d e d the Exodus o f Israel f r o m Egypt at the t i m e o f Phoroneus and A p i s the k i n g s o f the Argives; this was w h e n Amosis was k i n g o f Egypt. B u t i t was n o t t h e above-mentioned A m o s i s , b u t rather the one w h o succeeded h i m , w h o was also k n o w n as M i s p h r a g m u t h o s i s . For the kings o f Egypt are often f o u n d t o have two or three names. For example, i n the d i v i n e Scripture they are g e n e r a l l y called 'Pharaoh, w h i c h was an appellation t h e y a l l shared. T h i s is true o f t h e 'Pharaoh' first m e n t i o n e d i n Scriptures at the t i m e o f A b r a h a m , a n d o f those w h o came afterwards d u r i n g the times o f Joseph, Jacob, the servitude o f the sons o f Israel i n Egypt, a n d t h e i r exodus at the t i m e o f Moses. A n d i t is o n l y r a r e l y that one finds their p r o p e r names (except for Sousakeim, Nechao, a n d O u a p h r i ) t h r o u g h o u t all Scripture. N o w i f there h a d b e e n proper names, there w o u l d n o t have been great disagreement about this matter.
1

It s h o u l d also be k n o w n that this Amosis, the first k i n g i n the 1 8 dynasty o f Egypt, Africanus calls A m o s . This was because A m o s i s h a d t w o names; he was also called Tethmosis, s o n o f Aseth. N o w i n o u r arrangement, we have m a d e h i m the second k i n g o f the 1 8 dynasty, since this is the order i n w h i c h w e f o u n d h i m i n other copies a n d i n Josephus' t w o - v o l u m e w o r k Against Apion c o n c e r n i n g the E x o d u s o f the people o f Israel f r o m Egypt. A n d we have put his father A s e t h first, o f w h o m neither Africanus n o r Eusebius has made any m e n t i o n ; for whereas A f r i c a n u s supplied the kings o f the 1 6 and 1 7 dynasty w i t h out names, Eusebius agreed neither w i t h Africanus n o r w i t h Josephus n o r w i t h anyone else. Instead, he transferred names f r o m the 1 5 dynasty i n Africanus t o the 1 7 dynasty, a n d i n h i s effort to prove that M o s e s was c o n t e m p o r a r y w i t h Cecrops the D o u b l e - N a t u r e d , he cut short the c h r o n o l o g y . But he h i m s e l f w i t nesses i n the prologue t o t h e Canons that these a f o r e m e n t i o n e d writersJose phus a n d Justus o f the c i r c u m c i s i o n , a n d A f r i c a n u s , Clement, author o f the Stromata a n d Tatian, m e n o f our doctrine all w e l l - k n o w n for their l e a r n i n g say that Moses l i v e d d u r i n g the time o f Inachus a n d his son Phoroneus, the first kings o f the Argives. A n d t h e i r contemporary the indigenous Ogygus, was the first k i n g o f Acte, n o w c a l l e d Attica. It was at the t i m e o f this Ogygus that w h a t the Greeks r e p o r t was t h e first flood o f ancient t i m e s o c c u r r e d i n the 8 0 year o f Moses, a n d the 5 5 year o f Phoroneus. I t is described b y Africanus just about w o r d for w o r d as follows: . . . ( > F34.38-58)
th th th th th t h t h

th

Hto

[AB] 9 7toAiKov A TCOXEUCO B 10 TtooEiScLYvioc A TiooiScivioc B 12 MiocppayiiOuGciiaecoc Goar uf| 9paypou6cbacoc A Lcr|cppaypou6d)aEa)C B 13s E u p n v r a i A piipr|vTai B 15 6B<A 16 7tiB<A 19 K a i A < B 21 cipcoaiv B apcoaiyv A 22 cipcooiv AB Apciic F46,132 23 oaurocdes. B 31s papTVipcov Goar paprupd) A 38 0opu)vU)c Goar cpopovEcoc A
2

For Africanus' mention of Herodotus, see F34,83-86.

128

Iulius Africanus

T48 Moses and Inachus

129

T48
T48a Eusebius, Canones (Georgius Syncellus [73,12-18 Mosshammer] =

T48 T48a

Moses

and

Inachus

Hieronymus [7,10-17 Helm]) Eusebius himself attests to this in the preface to his Canons, in something like the following words: (> F34,104) . . . d>c atrroc, EuaeSioc, ev T<I> npooiuicp tou Kavdvoc, cbSs ncoc, ypdcpcov auppaprupelMtovaea yevoc, 'EBpafov, TtpocpqTuiv dndvrwv nptotov, dptpl TOU aurrqpoc. npciv, Xiyio Sk TOU XpiOToO, dpcpi r e Tfjc, TCOV E9VCI>V S T ai>Tou Beoyvcuoiac, xpqououc. K a i Xoyia Qtia ypacpfj 7tapa6eScoKoxa, rote, xp6 S 5
yoi

Moses, a Hebrew by lineage, the first of all the prophets, who committed to Scripture oracles and divine precepts about our Savior, I mean the Christ, and the knowledge of God made possible to the gentiles through him, f l o u r i s h e d i n the same t i m e as I n a c h u s . T h i s is w h a t is said b y m e n Tatian, m e n who are w e l l k n o w n f o r t h e i r l e a r n i n g C l e m e n t , A f r i c a n u s
1

d-Kudaai Kara

" I v a x o v eipfJKaaiv dvSpEc. ev TtaiSeuaei yvcopifjpac, X o y o u , rcbv re E K nEptropfjc, icro-

and and

p o i , KArjpnc;, A c p p i K a v o c , T a r t a v o c ; r o u K a 0 '

o f o u r d o c t r i n e , as w e l l as those o f the c i r c u m c i s i o n , Josephus

Icbannnoc, K a i 'IovJaroc;, iSiax; EKaaroc, r r j v dn6Sic;tv E K naXaiac, vnoox&v piac.

Justus. E a c h o f t h e m separately p r o d u c e d p r o o f f r o m ancient h i s t o r y .

4s - > F34,26-31.54-56.77-83; T47.4-8; F50,3s; T55.12-14; ps. Eust., in hex. (1,1-9 Allatius = P G 18.708A) = G e o r g . M o n . (40,17-19 de Boor/Wirth) = Georg. Mon. cont. (29,10-13 Muralt = P G 110.84A) KXrjpric uev ovv, Kai Acppucavdc, Kai npdq rovroiq Tanavdc,, x(bv Se EK TteptTopqc/IcocmTcoc,, Kal'Iouaroc K a r a "Ivaxov aKpaoai TOV Beonemov Mtouoea loropnoav, iSiioc, EKaaroc, EK naXaidc. i a ropiac, UJIOOXUJV rrjv drc6SEic.iv. 4s cf. Sym. L o g . (Leo Gr. 26,10-12 = T h . Mel. 25,19s Iul. Pol. 96,7-9); ps. Sym. f. 34" ~ Cedr. 76,4s 5 cf. Clem. A l e x . , Strom. 1,21,101,5; 1,21,136,3s 6 Iustus Tib. F G r H i s t 734 F2 | cf. Tat., orat. 38 5s cf. Ios., c. Ap. 2,15-17

[AB] 2 'EBpafov Seal. eBpaicov A B | TOU acorqpoc; Seal, TOUC, 7tp6 et; A B Domini Salvatoris Hier. 3 Dela A 8eia B Geia G o a r divinas leges sacris Htteris Hier.

T 4 8 b G e o r g i u s Syncellus (140,9-15 M o s s h a m m e r ) AXX' rjplv Erci AucOoioc; EmXEXdyiaTai Erq SUO aurou K a r a "Ivaxov rtpclrrov Apyouq SaaiXEa, Ka6' ov K a i itdvTEC. ot r e EK rtEpirouqc, oi TE EK xdpiroc. iaropiKoi, 'Iciaqmioc; Kal'Iouoroc., KXrjpqc; 6 iEpoc. arptDLiaTEut;, T a r i a v 6 c . re K a i AcppiKavoc; c r o v o p o X o y o u a i K a r a I v a x o v yvvr|6fjvai

T48b

But we have ascertained that the second year of Amosis' rule was at the time of Inachus, the first king of Argos. A l l the historians, both those of the circumcision and those living under graceJose phus and Justus, the blessed Clement, author of the Stromata, and Tatian a n d i n a g r e e m e n t t h a t Moses was b o r n at the Africanusare in his the

M o j u o E a K a i K a r a <J>opa>vea r o v ' I v & x o u nai"6a K a i Ni6(3nc, dKpaiov, K a r a ' A m S a 5 8k Tfjc ih\ A L y u n r o u rtopEtac, r o u ' I a p a i j X fjyfjaaaOai, r d c dnoSeicEic, K a i n a p ' "EXXr|ai SoKOupEvcov unoaxovtEc, i a r o p i K c u v .
E K TCOV

t i m e o f Inachus, t h a t he was

p r i m e at the t i m e o f P h o r o n e u s , the s o n t i m e o f A p i s he was

o f Inachus and N i o b e , a n d t h a t at

i n c o m m a n d o f Israel's E x o d u s f r o m E g y p t ; the p r o o f for are h e l d i n r e p u t e a m o n g the

t h i s t h e y also f u r n i s h f r o m those h i s t o r i a n s w h o 3s - F34.26-31.54-56.79-83; T47.4-8; F50,3s; T55.12-14 2 cf. Ios., c . A p . 2,15-17 | cf. Iustus Tib. FGrHist 734 F3 2s cf. Clem. Alex., strom. 1,21,101,5; 1,21,136,3s 3 cf. Tat., orat. 38 3s cf. Sym. Log. (Leo Gr. 26,10-12 = Th. Mel. 25,19s = Iul. Pol. 96,7-9); ps. S y m . f. 3 4 = Cedr. 76,4s
v

Greeks.

1 2

I . e. Christians. This information probably goes back to Eusebius as well. It is Syncellus' free rendering of the quotation given in T48a above.

[AB]

4 viofiqc, A vnoBfjc. B | dKpaiov A dKpdc, B 6 UTCO<TX6VTEC, Di. UTtooxovn AB

130

Iulius Africanus

T49 Chronology of the Assyrian Kingdom

131

T49
T 4 9 a G e o r g i u s Syncellus ( 1 4 5 , 4 - 1 3 M o s s h a m m e r )

T49

Chronology

of the Assyrian

Kingdom

T49a Beginning of the Kingdom of the Argives

Apxn, paaiXeiaq ApyEitov


'QvrcpciToc,

BaoiXeuc; Tvaxoc, ETn vc,'. TOU 5 E Kocpou fjv ETOC. , Y X 9 P ' .

0 1

OOKeT KaXuJC, 6

Their first king was Inachus, for 56 years, A M 3692. I n m y o p i n i o n , A f r i c a n u s is r i g h t w h e n he states i n t h e t h i r d b o o k o f his Histories A r g i v e s began i n t h e 200
t h

not the

AcppiKavoq e v y ' Xoyco T C P V iaxopiKcbv a u r o u cpdvai r r j v Apyeicov (3aat\iav TOO O ' e r a xfjc, Aacnjpiojv fSaatXeiac; dp^aaSat em A p e i o u e' PaaiXewc Aaaupicov. EOTQI
5 yap KOTO TOUTO Maiuofjc, repoc, T U I TEXEI Tfjc, Cojfjc ABpaap TEXSEIC, EI ye TT&VTEC, opoXoyouoi TO

t h a t the k i n g d o m o f

y e a r of the A s s y r i a n k i n g d o m , d u r i n g the r e i g n o f

A r e i o s , the f i f t h A s s y r i a n k i n g . For according to this reasoning, Moses will have been born near the end of the life of Abraham, since there is universal agreement that Abraham's first year co incides with the 43
rd

npiirrov ETOC; A B p a a p K a T a TO p6' ETOC, Nivou TOU oeurepou paoiXeuovroc, p s r a BnXov Aooupicov. BrjXou y a p
v e

>

Nivou pS', A f p a d p p a ' . Earac apa Mcouafjc; K a T a TO pa' ETOC, ABpaap, bnep

year of Ninus who succeeded Belos as the second king of the Assyrians. Belos
th

ci8uvaTov. o p o X o y e i &k aurov Kaxd"Ivaxov.

ruled for 55 years, and Ninus for 44 years, and Abraham was 101 years old [in the 200 year of the Assyrian kingdom]. T h e n Moses will have been born in the 101 year of Abraham, which is impos sible. For he [ A f r i c a n u s ] a d m i t s that Moses was b o r n at the t i m e o f I n a c h u s .
2 st

2-4 - > F 3 4 . 4 9 - 5 1 ; F50,3s; T57 8 F34.53-58; T47.5-13; T48; T55.12-14 2 cf. E u s . , c h r o n . 83,28s (= Castor F G r H i s t 250 F3.30-33) 2-4 Eus., chron. 31,1; Eus., can.
Hi

27,10-13; C h r o n . Synt. 84,8; Sync. 117,20; E x c . Barb. 282,12

8 cf. app. ad F50.3-7 5 et infra constanter ABpa&p Goar

[ A B ] 2 ETT) VC'] 50 anni Eus., chron. | fjv < B | ETOC, A ETT] B &Bpap_ A ct^i|5pap B Di. 7 PqXou B pfjXov A

T49b T 4 9 b G e o r g i u s Syncellus ( 2 1 7 , 1 8 - 2 0 M o s s h a m m e r ) ABnvaitov KC' epaoiXeuaEv Apicpptuv CDEPEKXEOUC, Err| K', K a x d 6e A c p p l K O V O V ETT| Xa'. K a r a
TOUTOV

The

25

th

ruler of the Athenians was Pherecles' son Ariphron, for 20 years, a c c o r d i n g


3

to was

A f r i c a n u s 31 years. D u r i n g t h e reign o f t h i s A r i p h r o n , the A s s y r i a n e m p i r e dissolved, as e v e r y o n e agrees. This was A M 4651.

xov Apicppova

f| T U J V

Aacrupicov KaTeXuGn

dpxr], cbc,

TtdvTEC,

cnjpcpcovouai.

TOU Sk K o o r p o u f\v ETOC , 0 Y y a ' .

1 =T54e 1

1-3 = app. ad F54a,41 1-3 Eus., c a n . " 8 l . 8 3 - . 83,7-10; Chron. 1 The various witnesses to Africanus' treatment of Assyrian chronology are not entirely con sistent. According to F34.49-53 (following Ctesias), Ninus was the first king of Assyria, followed by Semiramis; but cf. F24.27-31, which makes Thuras the first king of Assyria. A l though the list of Assyrian kings in the Excerpta Barbari (282,4 - 284,25 Frick) may include data from Africanus, it is mingled with material from other sources. For discussion, see Gelzer 1,209-215; Schwartz 1895,6-8. 2 3 For discussion of the chronological relationship between Moses and Inachus, see Adler/Tuffin 2002,182, n. 2. The explicit reference to Africanus concerns the Athenians, and the text is given again below (see F54, especially F54e). However, the context suggests that "everyone (Ttavrec,)" in the following sentence includes Africanus.
c b

cf. E u s . , c h r o n . 88,7 (= Castor F G r H i s t 250 F4)

Synt. 84,48;Sync. 104,7-12; 193,20 - 194,2; Exc. Barb. 284,21-24


[ A B ] 2 r 6 v < B | n d v T E C trupcptovouoi B r c d v r a a u p i p a j v u i m A

132

Iulius Africanus

F50 The Kings of the Argives

133

F50

E x c e r p t a B a r b a r i (288,18 - 292,3 F r i c k )

F50

The Kings

of the

Argives

De regna autem, que in ceteris gentibus facta sunt et paulatim creuerunt, proferamus temporibus regni A r g i u o r u m .

From the Kingdoms that came into being in the remaining nations and gradually grew in size, let us set forth the chronology of the kingdom of the Argives.

I . P r i m u s isargus Inachus regnauit a n n . L . Quo 5 t e m p o r e Moyses natus est.

1. T h e first to be k i n g i n A r g o s was Inachus, for 50 years. A t t h a t t i m e , M o s e s was b o r n . 2. A f t e r h i m , P h o r o n e u s was k i n g for 60 years. I n his 5 5
t h

I I . Post h u n c Foroneus regnauit ann. L X . Quo a n n o q u i n q u a g e s i m o q u i n t o ex A e g y p t o egressio I u d e o r u m

year, t h e E x o d u s o f the Jews t h r o u g h Moses t o o k place.

p e r M o y s e n facta est. I I I . P o s t h u n c A p i u s regnauit ann. X X X V . I I I I . P o s t h u n c A r g i u s regnauit ann. L X X . io V. P o s t h u n c C r i a s s u s r e g n a u i t a n n . L V I . V I . P o s t h u n c Forbas r e g n a u i t a n n . X X X V . V I I . P o s t h u n c Triopas regnauit ann. L X V I .

3. A f t e r h i m , A p i s was k i n g f o r 35 years. 4. A f t e r h i m , A r g u s was k i n g f o r 70 years. 5. A f t e r h i m , Criassus was k i n g f o r 56 years. 6. A f t e r h i m , P h o r b a s was k i n g f o r 35 years. 7. A f t e r h i m , T r i o p a s was k i n g f o r 66 years.

Sync. (145,4s Moss. = T49a,ls), cf. Eus., chron. (83,28 Karst) (= Castor FGrHist 250 F3) et can. Apyeiwv. fjv ETOC ,yvp/?'. (~* T49a)

(Hier. 27,10-13 H e l m ) Apxr) BamXeiaq 'Ov rtpdrroc, BaaiAeuc, "Ivcvvoc. zir\ vc' (50 Eus.). rov Si Kocpov 5

3s - F.34,53-56.80-83; T47b,5-13; T48a,4-6; T48b,3s; T55.12-14; T57 Sync. (145,14 Moss.), cf. Eus., chron. (83,31s Karst) (= Castor FGrHist 250 F3) et can. (Hier. 29, (60 Eus.). rov Se Koopov 8 fjv iroq,yfurj'. 17s Helm) Apyeiwv P'slJaoiXeuae <t>optoveuc, irr\ 5-7 > F34.26-31.77-80; F46.132-135; T48b,4-6 Sync. (173,12 Moss.), cf. Eus., chron. (83,33

Karst) ( = Castor F G r H i s t 250 F3) et can. (Hier. 32,7s H e l m ) Apyeiwv y'e|5aoiXuoev 9s Amc, Srq Xe' (= Eus.). rov Si KOOUOV fjv ETOC,ywr\'. Sync. (174,19s Moss.),cf. Eus., chron. (84,1-3 Karst) (= Castor FGrHist 250 F3) et can. (armen.

156-158 Karst; H i e r . 33,25s; 37,9s Helm) Apyeiwv 6'ePacriXeuaev Apyoc. ern, o' (= Eus.). rov Si Koopov f\v iroc,ywpy'. Apyeiwv e' ePaaiXeuae Kplaaoc, zrr\ ve' (54 Eus.). roti Si Koopov fjv hoc ,y^)iy'. 11-14 S y n c . (178,5-9 Moss.), cf. Eus., chron. (84,4-9 Karst) (= Castor FGrHist 250 F3) et can. rov (armen. 158-162 Karst; Hier. 39,25s; 41,14s; 43,25s; 45,5s H e l m ) 'Apyeiwv c' ePaoiXeucre <t>6ppac rr\ tee' (35 chron., can.", 34 can.""). oiroq'PdSov iKparrjoe. Si KOOUOV fjv 'Apyeiwv iroq,y^n'.
arme

(3acr(Xuo Tpidnac. tn Ac' (46 chron., can.", 48 can.

"). rov Si KOOUOV fjv eroc, 1 For Africanus' treatment of Argive chronology, see also T49a. Several chronological notices in the unattributed list of Argive kings found in the Excerpta Barbari reveal its dependence on Africanus. The synchronism of the birth of Moses with the rule of Inachus and the dating of the Exodus to the 55
th

,y^<?y'Apyeiwv q'ePaaiXeuoE Kp6rtonoc irr\ KS' (21 Eus.). rot) Si Koopov Apyeiwv 9'paaCXua ZSEVEXOC. err\ ta' (= Eus.). roti Se Koopov 3 cf. Sync. 1 4 4 , 5 - 1 2 3-7 fjveroq,SK6'. fjvIroc,Svy'.

year of Phoroneus

are distinctive features of Africanus' chronology

cf.Sym. Log. (Leo Gr. 26,10-12 = Th. Mel.25,19s = Iul. Pol. 96,7-9); 3 - 1 4 cf. Eus., chron. 84,10-13; Io. Mai. 4,1; Sync. 144,12-14; cf. Eus., reg. ser."" '" 148; Eus., reg. ser.
1 Hier

(F34,53-58; T48). According to Exc. Barb., 1125 years elapsed from 1 Inachus to 01. 1.1 (see below 11. 26-28). The Exodus, which occurred 105 years after the beginning of the Argive kingdom (50 Inachus + 55 Phoroneus, 11. 6f), would thus have preceded OI. 1,1 by 1020 years. Boeck 1845,199 first observed that this is also the sum of years calculated by Africanus (F34,40f.96-98; T47.36-39). For reconstruction of Africanus' chronology of the individual Argive kings on the basis of the list in Exc. Barb., see Frick 1880,8; Gelzer 1,137-141.143. 2 Gr. (Frick); eic; Apyoc..

ps. Sym. f. 34" = Cedr. 76,4s; Ios., c. Ap. 2,15-17; Iustus Tib. FGrHist 734 F2s; Clem. Alex., strom. 1,21,101,5; 1,21,136,3s; Tat., orat. 38 ps. Sym. f. 37" = C e d r . 143,3-6 3 - 2 5 cf. Tat., orat. 39,1s 3 isargus] eic. 'Apyoc, 3-21 29; Sync. 144,15s

3 - 3 6 cf. Chron. Synt. 86,38 - 87,9

134

Iulius Africanus

F50 The Kings of the Argives

135

V I I I . Post h u n c C r o t o p u s r e g n a u i t a n n . X X I . V i l l i . Post h u n c Sthenelus r e g n a u i t a n n . X I . X . P o s t h u n c D a n a u s r e g n a u i t q u i illas filias L a n n . [ . . . ] . X I . Post hunc Lyggeus A e g y p t i u s X L I . A quo C a d a m u s A g i n o r u s ascendit B i o t i a E u r o p i s s a a d e x q u i r e n dum. X I I . Post h u n c A b a s r e g n a u i t a n n . X X I I I . Post h u n c Prytus regnauit a n n . X X V I I . Post h u n c Acrisius regnauit ann. X X X I . P o s t h u n c Pelops r e g n a u i t c u m N o m a u m a n n . X X X V I I I . A quo P e l o p o n i s s u s u o c a t u r . P o s t h u n c A t r e u s et T h y e s t u s a n n . X L V .

8. A f t e r h i m , C r o t o p u s was k i n g f o r 2 1 years. 9. A f t e r h i m , Sthenelus was k i n g f o r 11 years. 10. A f t e r h i m , D a n a u s was k i n g , w h o h a d 50 daughters, for [ . ] years. 11. A f t e r h i m , L y n c e u s , s o n o f A e g y p t u s , f o r 4 1 years. D u r i n g h i s r e i g n , Cadmus, s o n o f A g e n o r , w e n t u p t o B o e o t i a i n search f o r E u r o p a .
5 4 3

12. A f t e r h i m , A b a s w a s k i n g for 23 years. A f t e r h i m , P r o e t u s was k i n g for 27 years. A f t e r h i m , A c r i s i u s was k i n g for 31 years. A f t e r h i m , Pelops was k i n g after O e n o m a u s
6

f o r 38 years.

F r o m h i m , t h e Peloponnesus receives its n a m e . A f t e r h i m , A t r e u s a n d Thyestes, f o r 45 years.

15 Sync. (178,13-16 Moss.) = Eus., can. (Hler. 460 'O avrbq Acivadq 8ia rebv Xeyopivcov AavatSaiv (avrai Si r\oav avrat Ouyatepec, v'J rovq v' viovq rov ccSeXcpoi avrov 15- 21 Aiyvnrov Siexpfjoaro x P w tc

^vdq rov Avytciuiq, dq Kai iBaoiXevoe per' avrdv.

OVK ocmrcov Se iv BapBapoiq f) noXvreKvia Sia rd nXfjdoq rS>v naXXaK&v. Sync. (182,13-20 Moss.), cf. Eus., chron. (84,14-18 Karst) (= Castor FGrHist 250 F3) et can. r)v eroq ,Sq"S'. f)veroq <,8pKB'. fjv 'eroq,8pp8'. (armen. 1 6 2 - 1 6 7 Karst; Hier. 45,22s; 48,8s; 50,9s; 51,13s; 52,9s Helm) Apyeicov i ' efaotX-euoe Aavadc, em, vn' (50 Eus.). roC Si Koapov Apyeicov ict'tBaaiXsuoe AuyKtuc, ern Xe' (41 Eus.). roO <5E Koapov

Apyeicov iP'tBaaiXeuaEvABac, ixr\ Af'(23 Eus.). rov Si Kdopov t)veroq> ,SpvCApyeicov iy'tBao-iXeuo'E EtpolToc, d Kai Iiepoevq ern i f (= Eus.). rofi Si Kdopov Apyeicov (5'tBaaiXeuaev Aicpicnoc err| Xa' (= Eus.). TO0 Si Kdopov fjv iroq ,8ma'.

22-24
MvKnvuv Tov

Sync. (188,9-17 Moss.), cf. Eus., chron. (84,23-27 Karst) (= Castor FGrHist 250 F3) et can. Apyeiaiv ie' EpVaiXEuaE n e X o y lrr\ Xe' (59 can."; - chron.). rod" Si Kdopov TliXona fjv iroq ,8<jp8'.

(Hier. 54,1-6; 56,9-11 Helm) riviq oi pdvov Apyeicov Kai MvKnvav iaropovai BamXevoai, aXXa Kai naanq rfjq
H i e r

ITeXoTzwvfjoov. ovroq 'OXvpniwv npoeorn Kai orparevaaq ini "IXwv f\rrfjdn vnd AapSdvov. arc' atrroo neXortovvnooc. cbvopda6r|. OUTOC 'InnoSapeiav iynpe. (cf. c a n . Tiviq Sivy'ern MvKnvCbv Apyeiaiv iq' ipaaiXeuoav Arpeuc, K a i u e o T n c , Sri} Xy' Kara Se Kocjpov fjv iroq ,8ooB'. 14s cf. Eus., c a n . " 45
m h

49 ; 52"; 53 ).

Kai aXXoi qy' Xeyovoiv avrdv BaoiXevoat, Kai erepoi Xe'. Si dvUouc ern qe' (= Eus.), roC

15

cf. Eus., chron. 84,11-13; 86,24s; Eus., can." 45 ; Sync. 144,14s


5

16- 18 cf. Eas., chron. 87,3-5; Eus., c a n . ^ ; Eel. Hist. 193,31; Io.Ant.fr. 10,15-19 Mai. 4,13-14; Cedr. 212,16-18:213,10 Io. Mai. 4,16; Cedr. 214,3-7 13 X X I c o r r m a n . prim, ex X X X I

19-23 cf.Io.

22 cf. Sync.

144,17-24

24s

cf. Sync. 144,25-27

24-32

cf.

Frick supplies 50 years for Danaus' reign; cf. Eusebius (50) and Syncellus (55). Gr. (Frick): AuyKEuc, AiyurtTou. Gr. (Frick): ecp' ou KdSpoc, Aynvopoc.dvepin Boioiriav xf\q EupcoTmc, era (rjrr|aiv. Gr. (Frick): per' Oivdpaov.

136

Iulius Africanus

F50 The Kings of the Argives

137

25

Post h o s A g a m e m n u s A t r e u s a n n . X X X I I I .

A f t e r t h e m , A g a m e m n o n , s o n o f A t r e u s , f o r 33 years.

C o l l i g u n t u r n u n c ab I c h a n o rege u s q u e a d d e s o l a t i o n e m solis q u o d est o c t a u o d e c i m o A g a m e m n o n i s a n n i septingenti X V I I I . A solis d e u a s t a t i o n e u s q u e ad p r i m a m o l y m p i a d a m a n n i C C C C V I I : et Porfyrius autem in historia philosofiae sic dixit. 30 Post a u t e m XV. solis d e u a s t a t i o n e m Agamemnonus reliquos annos

F r o m k i n g Inachus up t o the d e s t r u c t i o n o f I l i u m , A g a m e m n o n , there are, t h e n , 718 years i n a l l . F r o m t h e sack o f I l i u m


1 1 9 1 0

w h i c h was i n t h e 1 8

th

year o f

u p t o t h e f i r s t O l y m p i a d there are 4 0 7 years: this is also History}


2

what Porphyry says in his Philosophic

A f t e r the sack o f I l i u m , years.

1 3

A g a m e m n o n was k i n g f o r a n o t h e r

15

Post h u n c Egesthus r e g n a u i t a n n . V I I . Post h u n c O r e s t h u s regnauit a n n . X X V I I I . Post h u n c P e n t h i l u s r e g n a u i t a n n . X X I I .

A f t e r h i m , A e g i s t h u s was k i n g f o r 7 years. A f t e r h i m , Orestes was k i n g f o r 2 8 years. A f t e r h i m , Pe n t h i l u s was k i n g f o r 22 years.

35

Et A r g i o r u m

r e g n u m d i s s i p a t u m est. C o l l i g u n t u r u e r o A r g i o r u m r e g n a

simul

A n d t h e k i n g d o m o f the A r g i v e s c a m e t o a n e n d . A l t o g e t h e r t h e r e are 790 years for t h e r e i g n s o f the A r g i v e s .

anni septingenti X C .

2 5 - 27

S y n c . (198,27 - 199,4 Moss.), cf. Eus., chron. (84,28s Karst) (= Castor FGrHist 250 F3) et
Hle

can. (Hier. 59,25s; 59 Helm) Apyeitov iC,' eBaoiXeuaev AyapEpvwv etn in' (30 chron., 3 5 can. ')> Kara Si aXXovq Irn XE'. rov Si K6CUOV f)v eroq ,SriB'. 6 Kara rfjq Tpoiaq fjpiaro noXspoq Sid rf)v "EXivnq iino AXE^dvSpov rov 77aAyauepvovoq Apyeiwv Kai MvKnvwv Tlplapoq vlbc AaouiSovroq flaoiXzvovrfjq Tpoiaq Tip r\' era Ayauiuvovoq KEipivip roc

piSoc xXonfiv viov flpidfdov fiaoiXitxiqTXiov, Kai SirjpKEOEV Irn t' luq dXtboeuq'IXiov, fjriq rCb vnoi f ETEI (18 Eus.) Ayapiuvovoq yiyovEV. MeveXaov Si rov aSeXtpov airov AaKeSaiuoviwv,

Kai 'IXlov efiaoiXEvoe. 2 6 - 31 F 3 4 , 3 8 - 4 1 ; T 5 7 32s Sync. (199,27 - 200,2 Moss.), cf. Eus., chron. (84,30-32 Karst) (= Castor FGrHist 250 F 3 ) et can. (Hier. 62 ; 62 H e l m ) MvKnviov Apyeiwv in' eBaoiXeuOEv AiyioQoc, err] e' (17 chron., - can.), TOU Si KOOJIOV r)v eroq ,SrX'. MvKnvwv Apyeiwv 18' paoi\uovOpaTnc, zrr\ Ky' (15 c a n . ,oW. 26s cf. Clem. A l e x . , strom. 1,21,104,1 = Tat., orat. 39,1 28 cf. Clem. Alex., strom. 1,21,138,1s (=
Hicr Hier d f

7 8 9 10 11 12 , - chron.). rot* Si KOOUOV f)v iroq

G r . (Frick): Aya|iu.voiv ArpEioc. G r . (Frick): ecoc, epripcuaeajc,TXiou. G r . (Frick): toivuv. T h e years of the reigns of the individual Argive kings come to only 677 (assuming 50 years for Danaus). Gr. (Frick): dno Tf]c'I\iou eKrcopBrjaecoq. T h e chronological information given here shows that Africanus is in keeping with the mainstream chronology established by Eratosthenes. Gr. (Frick): EV tfj 91X00690) iotopia. This must be a later gloss. Obviously, Porphyry cannot be the author of the whole list, see the reference to Moses in 11. 4 and 7, and Porphyry's divergent dating, Eus., c a n . " 8,1-5; see also Gelzer l,138f.
H]

Eratosthenes F G r H i s t 241 F l ) ; cf. Eus., praep. ev. 10,9,6; E u s . , c a n . 188,27s Sync. 144,27 33s cf. Sync. 144,27s 26 solis] TXiou

60 ; Sync. 211,16; E e l . Hist. 32 cf.

28s cf. Eus., chron. 89,4-8 = Exc. Eus. 140,5-16 (= Porphyrius FGrHist 260 F4)

13

Gr. (Frick): Mera 6ETXiou EKn6p6r|aiv.

138

Iulius Africanus

F51 The Rulers of the Sicyonians

139

F 5 1

F51

The Rulers

of the

Sicyonians

F 5 1 a E x c e r p t a B a r b a r i ( 2 9 2 , 4 - 296,2 F r i c k )

F51a The Icings and chronology of the Sicyonians who are now called Helladici.

Siciniorum qui nunc Elladicorum uocantur reges et tempora

P r o f e r a m u s i t e r u m et S y c i n i o r u m q u i n u n c E l l a d i c i u o c a n t u r . Disponamus regna a quibus initiata sunt temporibus, et in quibus diffinierunt manifestemus. Africanus quidem dixit sic t e n e r e eis o m n e s a n n o s m i l l e V I I : a m i n u e t a t e a u t e m 5 e o r u m in p r i m a m olympiadam anni C C C X X V I I I I , s i c u t n u m e r a t u r ab i n i t i o CCCXXXVI.

Let us set f o r t h a g a i n the Sicyonians w h o are n o w c a l l e d H e l l a d i c i . Let us arrange their reigns from the time when they began, and let us explain when they came to a n end. Africanus in fact said the following, that t h e y lasted f o r a t o t a l o f 1007 years, a n d t h a t f r o m t h e i r d i s s o l u t i o n u p t o the first O l y m p i a d t h e r e are 329 years. F r o m t h e b e g i n n i n g o f t h e r e i g n s o f the Sicyonians u p t o t h e first O l y m p i a d , t h e n u m b e r o f years is t h u s 1 3 3 6 . I n the 2 9
t h 2

S i c y o n i o r u m regna i n p r i m a m o l y m p i a d a m o m n e s a n n i m i l l e Vicesimo n o n o num sic: a u t e m a n n o p a t r i a r c h a e Iacob i l i u m

S y c i n i o r u m i n i t i a u i t reg-

total

year o f t h e p a t r i a r c h Jacob, t h e k i n g d o m o f the Sicyonians b e g a n , as

I . Egialeus ann. L I I . io A n n i a u t e m I a c o b X X V I I I I , a n n i Isaac L X X X V I I I I , a n n i A b r a h a m C X I I I I E l l a d a i n i t i a u e r u n t regna. I I . E u r o p s ann. XLV. I I I . Telchus ann. X X . I I I I . A m f u s ann. X X V . 15 V. T h e l x i u s a n n . L I I .

follows:

1. A e g i a l e u s , 52 years. I n the 2 9
t h

year o f Jacob, t h e 8 9

t h

year o f Isaac, a n d t h e 1 1 4
3

t h

year

o f A b r a h a m , the Helladic r e i g n s b e g a n . 2. E u r o p s , 4 5 years. 3. T e l c h i n , 2 0 years. 4. A p i s , 25 years. 5. T h e l x i o n , 52 years.

1 4 - 6 - * F64 9 S y n c . (110,20s Moss.), cf. Eus., chron. (81,25 Karst) (= Castor FGrHist 250 F2) EiKvioviwvTTpci-roc, 12-15 iBaoiXevocv AtyiaXeuc, exq v(3' (= chron.). TOO Si KSOUOV fjv ETOC ,yo\d'. 10s F16d,5s; T 2 8 a , l Sync. (116,8-16 Moss.), cf. Eus., chron. (81,30 - 82,1 Karst) (= Castor FGrHist 250 F2) et can. (Hier. 20,1-5; 21,7s; 22,3s; 23,8s Helm) ZiKvojviwv SeuTEpoc, iBaoiXtvotv Eupcui|/ STT| ps' (= Eus.). TOV SE KOOUOV fjv ETOC, , yooa'. KOCTCC TO K' ( = chron., 22 c a n . " ) ETOC Evpunoq TOVTOV TOV SEvripov BaoiXiwq ZtKvwviwv, fpoi YlEAonownoiuv, ZIKVOJVICOV
ZIKVWVLWV
Hl

Although Malalas and the Excerpta Barbari report the duration of Sicyonian rule differently, both sources identify Africanus as their authority. T h e structure of the list in the Exc. Barb, exemplifies Africanus' historical method, as outlined in F34, see introduction, p. X X X V I I . Sicyon was an ancient Greek kingdom belonging to the period that Africanus calls "mythical" (that is, pre-Olympiad) history. To secure the chronology of Sicyon, Africanus establishes the years of the beginning and end of the kingdom in relationship to Ol. 1,1 (11. 5f.52f), and inserts into the list synchronistic notices from biblical history (II. 7f.10f.19f).

2 3

The year of the beginning of the Sicyonian kingdom would therefore be A M 3391 (3391 + 1336 = A M 4727 = 01. 1,1). Lit.: "the 29 years of Jacob, 89 years of Isaac, 114 years of Abraham." In the manuscript text, these biblical synchronisms are arranged as a separate column. Since Abraham was 189 years of age when Isaac was 89, the number '114' must have been calculated from the date of Abra ham's migration to the land of Canaan at age 75 ( G e n 12,5). According to the reckoning of Africanus, this occurred in 3277 (F16d,5f), thereby confirming A M 3391 as the date of the beginning of the Sicyonian kingdom (AM 3277 + 114 + 1007 + 329 = A M 4727 = O l . 1,1); see Routh 444, n. ad l o c ; Gelzer 1,144.

yzvvaTca

b nap' 'EBpaioiq 'ABpaau. (...)

LiKvwvicov y' iBaaiXcvoz

7zky\v ETq K6' (20 Eus.). TOV Si KOOUOV fjv ETOC , yrXq'.

6' iBaaiXEvocv Amc Erq KE' (= Eus.). TOV SE KOOUOV fjv ixoq ,yT,z'.
E' EBCCOIXEVOE OEXCJCOV tq vP' (= Eus.). TOV Si KOOUOV fjv ETOC ,yrp'.

4-8

cf. Sync. 110,1-7

9 cf. Sync. 109,23-28; Eus., chron. 81,25-29 (= Castor F G r H i s t 250 F2); ps. 9-39 cf. Eus., reg. ser." " 146; Eus., reg. s e r . " 26; Clem. Alex., strom.
mc Hi

Sym. f. 30"~ C e d r . 144,5

l,21,102,5;Cyr., c. Iul. 1,10; Chron. Synt. 86 9 - 5 0 cf. Exc. Eus. 134,12 - 135,28

140
V I . E g y d r u s ann. X X X I I I I .

Iulius Africanus

F51 The Rulers of the Sicyonians

141

6. A e g y d r u s , 34 years. 7. T h u r i m a c h u s , 45 years. 8. L e u c i p p u s , 53 years. I n the 4 3


r d

V I I . T u r i m a c h u s ann. X I V . V I I I . Leucippus ann. LIII. A n n o q u a d r a g e s i m o t e r t i o L e u c i p p i egressio I u d e o r u m e x 20 " Aegypto.

y e a r o f L e u c i p p u s , the E x o d u s o f t h e Jews f r o m E g y p t .

9. Mesappus, 47 years. 10. Erastus, 46 years. 1 1 . Plemnaeus, 49 years. 12. O r t h o p o l i s , 65 years. 13. M a r a t h o n i u s , 30 years. 14. M a r a f h i u s , 20 years. 15. Echyreus, 55 years. 16. C o r a x , 20 years. 17. Epopeus, 35 years. 18. L a o m e d o n , 43 years.

V E I L Mesapfus ann. X L V I I . X. Eratus ann. X L V I . X I . P l a m m e u s ann. X L V I I I I . X I I . O r t o p o l u s ann.L X V 25 X I I I . Marathus ann. X X X . X I I I I . Maratheus ann. X X . X V . E c h y r u s a n n . LV. XVI. C o r a x ann. X X .

X V I I . Epopeus ann. X X X V . 30 X V I I I . Laomedus ann. X L I I I .

16-22

Sync. (119,14-23 Moss.), cf. Eus., chron. ( 8 2 2 - 8 Karst) (= Castor FGrHist 250 F2) etcan. Aiyuopoc Tr| X5' (= chron., c a n .
Hier

(armen. 156 K a r s t ; Hier. 25,18s; 27,2s; 29,5s; 31,12s; 33,18s Helm) ZiKvwviwv c' i/iaoiXevoev ,yvuB'. ZiKvwvtwv (,' efZaolXevoe oupipaxoc err| pe' (= chron., c a n . ,yvoc'. ZiKvioviav r\' ifiaoiXevoe ,y<pKa'ZiKvwviwv 8' ifSaoiXevoe ,ycpoS'.
m m

, - can. <"). , - can. mm)


1L M T

TOV Si Koopov

f\v

hoc

Hler

r 0

Koapov

fjv

hoc

AeuKircrcoc; ern, vy' (= chron., c a n . " , - can. Meocmrtoc ern pC (= chron., c a n .


Hler

Hi

" ) . TOV Si Koopov

fjv

hoc

, - can.' " " " " ) . TOV Si Koopov


) . roti Si K&apov

fjv

hoc

fjv

hoc

ZiKViuviav i' i/SaalXevoev 19s - F34.68-70.76-83 23s

"Epaaroc, em pc' (= chron., c a n .

Hler

, 43 can.

Sync. (125,25-28 Moss.), cf. Eus., chron. (82,9s Karst) (= Castor FGrHist 250 F2) et can. (ar ITXripvaioc irr\ V, Kara Si aXXovc un' (= chron., can. "; 45 can.""""), rov
,ypCHi

men. 156-159 K a r s t ; Hier. 35,21s; 38,8s Helm) Ztxvwviwv ia' ijiaoiXevoe


ZIKVIVVIWV

Si KOOUOV fjv hoc ,yx%CiP' ^ao"i2u<rev'Op86noXic hr\ cy' (= Eus.). roO Si KOOUOV fjv hoc,

25s Sync. ( 1 4 3 , 2 2 - 2 4 Moss.), cf. Eus., chron. (82,11-13 Karst) (= Castor FGrHist 250 F2) et can. (armen. 160s K a r s t ; Hier. 41,5s; 42,16s Helm) ZiKvaiviav iS' ifiaoiXevoe ,yajXe'. XiKvwviav ie' ifSaalXevoe MapctSioc ivc\ K' (= Eus.). rov Si Koopov fjv 27 161-163 Karst; H i e r . 43,20s Helm) ZiKvivvitvv iy' ePaoiXevoev"Eyypti>e etr\ ve' (= Eus.). rov Si KOOUOV fjv can. (armen. 1 6 3 - 1 6 5 Karst; Hier. 46,21s; 48,8s; 50,1s Helm) LiKvaiviwv ic' ifiaaiXevoe EiKvwviav in' ifiaoiXevoe Kopai; hr\ X' (= Eus.). roti Se KOOUOV fjv hoc ,y<vne'. Aaope6u;v ern py' (40 Eus.). roO Si KOOUOV fjv hoc fy^ipCEiKvuiviav iC ifiacriXevoevTiTicmevc ern Xp" (35 Eus.). roti Si Koopov fjv hoc ,y^ie'. hocyy/Tf. The date of the Exodus in 43 Leucippus accurately represents Africanus' chronology. Exc. Barb, numbers 316 years from 1 Aegilaeus to 43 Leucippus, and 1336 years from 1 Aegialeus to 011.1 (see 11. 5f and 52f). There are thus 1020 years from 43 Leucippus to 01. 1.1 (1336 - 316= 1020). For Africanus' reckoning of 1020 years from the Exodus to OI. 1,1, see F34.68-70. 2 8 - 3 0 Sync. (143,25 - 144,3 Moss.), cf. Eus., chron. (82,18-20 Karst) (= Castor FGrHist 250 F2) et hocya^e'. Sync. (125,29s Moss.), cf. Eus., chron. (82,16 Karst) (= Castor FGrHist 250 F2) et can. (armen. Mapa6d>vioc erq X' (= chron., c a n .
Hier

, 28 can.

arn,

' ). roti Si Koopov fjv hoc

142

Iulius Africanus

F51 The Rulers of the Sicyonians

143

< l K l ) d ) V Tn pB'.> < P o l y b u s annos X L V . > X V I I I I . Inachus annos X L V . X X . F e s t u s annos L . 55 X X I . A d r a s t u s annos I I I I . X X I I . Polifidus annos X X X I . X X I I I . Pelastus a n n o s X X . X X I I I I . Zeuxippus annos X X X V . {XXV. Polybus annos X L V . }

<Sicyon, 42 years.>

<Polybus, 45 y e a r s . >

19. I n a c h u s , 45 years. 20. H e p h a e s t u s , 50 years. 2 1 . A d r a s t u s , 4 years. 22. P o l y p h e i d e s , 3 1 years. 23. Pelasgus, 20 years. 24. Z e u x i p p u s , 35 years. {25. P o l y b u s , 45 years.} U p t o Z e u x i p p u s , t h e k i n g d o m of the S i c y o n i a n s w a s i n p o w e r , l a s t i n g f o r 5 8 1 years.
7

10

Usque

Z e u x i p p u m tenuit S i c y o n i o r u m regnum permanens annos quingentos

L X X X I . P o s t Z e u x i p p u m a u t e m reges q u i d e m n o n f u e r u n t , sed p r a e i b a n t eis s a c e r d o t e s C a r n i i annos X X V I I I .

After
8

Zeuxippus,

however, there

were

not

kings; r a t h e r

priests o f

C a r n i u s were t h e i r leaders, for 28 years. O f t h e m , t h e f i r s t was Archelaus, 1 year. A f t e r h i m , A u t o m e d o n , 1 year. A f t e r h i m , M e t h u d u t u s , 1 year. A f t e r h i m , E u n e u s , 4 years. A f t e r h i m , T h e o n o m u s , 1 year.
1 0 9

Q u e m p r i m u s sacerdos A r c h e l a u s a n n u m I . Post h u n c A u t o m i d u s a n n u m I . 15 Post h u n c M e t h u d u t u s a n n u m I . Post h u n c Euneus a n n o s I I I I . Post h u n c T h e o n o m u s a n n u m I .

3 1 - 37 Sync. (172,24 - 173,10 Moss.), cf. Eus., chron. (82,21-29 Karst) (= Castor FGrHist 250 F2) et can. (armen. 166-172 Karst; Hier. 51,26s; 54,7s; 56,4s; 58,11s; 58,23s; 59,3s; 62,6s Helm) Zmviovicov iff ifiaoiXevoe SiKudiv err| uB' (44 can. " ,45 can."'", - chron.). TOU Se KOOUOV f]v eroq
1 1

ZiKvavicov ,Soe'.

K eBaoiXevoe IloXuBoc. ivr\ uy' (40 Eus.). rou Se KOOUOV fjv eroq ,5Ap".
1 1 raa

ZiKVioviwv Ktx' ifiaoiXevoev "Ivcvvoc erp ue' (40 chron., 42 can. *", can." "). TOU Se KOOUOV fjv eroq ZtKvwvicov KB' ifiaoiXevoev "Hcpcuoroc, lrr\ t' (8 E u s J . rov Se KOOUOV fjv eroq ,SpK'. ZiKVioviwv Ky' ejiaoiXevoev A6paoToc,'irr\C (4 Eus.). rou Se KOOUOV fjv eroq ,SpX'. ZiKvcoviuiv KS' ifiaoiXevoe rioAucpd5r|c rr\ Xa' (= Eus.). TOU Se KOOUOV fjv eroq ,SpX('. ZiKV<oviu>v Ke' ifiaoiXevoe YltXaaybq irr\ K ' (= Eus.). rov Se KSOUOV fjv Eroq ,Spfy\'. 38 S y n c . (177,21s Moss.), cf. Eus., chron. (82,31 Karst) (= Castor FGrHist 250 F2) et can. (armen. 172s Karst; Hier. 63,8-10 Helm) ZiKviavioov KC' ifiaoiXevoe Zeucmroc'irr\X' (31 Eus.). r o u Si KOOUOV fjv eroq ,Spnn'. 40s Sync. (178,3 Moss.), cf. Eus., chron. (82,32s Karst) et can. (Hier. 65,1-6 Helm) 'Opou TO. Ti&VTa Tfjc XiKuurviujv apxfjc exr\ ^('Aia (959 chron., 962 can. "). 3 2 - 38 cf. Sync. 110,4s (= ps. Apollodorus FGrHist 244 F86) (1000 anni regum); Sync. 110,8-13 (= 41s cf. Eus., chron. 82,33s
H

5 6 7

The name and years of Sicyon are supplied from the parallel lists in Eusebius and Syncellus. Transposed from 1. 39, following Eusebius and Syncellus. Both errors (Sicyon and Polybius) might be explained by the fact that at this point the page in the manuscript changes. Although the number is corrupt, it is difficult to restore the correct number of years from Aegialeus to Zeuxippus. According to 1. 7, the combined rules of the kings and priests of Sicyon lasted 1007 years. Subtracting the 28 years of priestly rule (1. 42) from this total would leave 979 years for the kings. Frick emends accordingly. However, this corresponds neither to the sum of the reigns of the individual kings (1008 years including the 42-year reign of Sicyon) nor to the numbers transmitted in Malalas (see below n. 16).

Castor F G r H i s t 2 5 0 F2) = Eus., chron. 81,15-23 (959 anni regum / 33 anni sacerdotum); Exc. Eus. 135,16-19 (959 a n n i ) ; ps. Sym f. 38' = Cedr. 144,5-8 (980 anni regum) (= C a s t o r F G r H i s t 250 F2); Eus., can." 65,7-9; Sync. 178,1s 83,1-9 ( = Castor F G r H i s t 250 F2) 8 31 supplevimus e E u s . et Sync. F51b,4) 32 transposuimus e 1. 39 cf. Sync, et Eus. 38 X X X V ] 31 Io. Mai (= 9 10 39 vide 1. 32 40s quingentos L X X X I ] noningentos LXXIX Frick 985 Io. Mai. (= F51b,6) 4 3 - 5 1 cf. Eus., chron. 82,33s; 83,1-9

(= Castor F G r H i s t 250 F2); Eus., can." 65,7-9; Exc. Eus. 135,20-26; Sync. 178,1s; Eus., chron.

Carneus, one of the epithets of Apollo. Gr. (Frick): div rtpdVroc. The name is unattested elsewhere; cf. Eus., chron.; Theoclitus.

144

Iulius Africanus

F51 The Rulers of the Sicyonians

145

Post h u n c A m f i c y u s annos V i l l i . Post h u n c C h a r i d u s a n n u m I . 50 O s u c h sustinens cibaria fugiit. A q u o i n p r i m a o l i m p i a d a u t fertur scriptura a n n i C C C X X V I I I I .

A f t e r h i m , Amphigyes, 9 years. A f t e r h i m , C h a r i d e m u s , 1 year.

11

U n a b l e to bear the expense, he

fled.

12

F r o m h i m u p t o the first O l y m p i a d , as is r e p o r t e d i n the w r i t t e n r e c o r d , F i u n t uero o m n e s S i c i o n i o r u m regna ab Egialeo u s q u e i n p r i m a o l y m p i a d a a n n i mille C C C X X X V I . years.


14

13

329

A l t o g e t h e r , t h e n , the years o f the reigns o f the Sicyonians f r o m Egialeus u p t o the first O l y m p i a d come to a total o f 1336.

51 C C C X X V I I I I F r i c k (vide 1. 5) CCCXXVII

cod.

F 5 1 b Ioannes Malalas 4,1 ( 4 8 , 1 2 - 1 6 Thurn) F51b Tcov 5 E


ILKUCUVICOV

rcbv vuvi XEyopEvwv TXXaStKcov O f t h e Sicyonians, w h o are n o w called H e l l a d i c i , A e g i a l e u s was t h e i r first k i n g , for 52 years. A n d t h e n the r e m a i n i n g 26 k i n g s
1 5

EfJaaiXEuaev rtpcoroc, 6 AiyiaXEuc, rn v(3', Kai Xomov aXXoi PaaiXEic, KC,'


ECOC.

Zfiui;tTt7tou rofj |3aaiXuaavxoc, auxtov Erq Xa'.

K a i XoiTt6v o i iEpEic, auxcov E S L O I K O U V xqv vuipav,

u p t o Z e u x i p p u s w h o was t h e i r k i n g f o r 31 years. A n d t h e n t h e i r priests managed t h e r e g i o n . A n d t h e i r k i n g d o m was i n p o w e r f o r 985 years,


as Africanus, the most wise, has recorded.
16

Kai KarEcrvEV f] PaorXeia auxcbv xq ?)Tt',


Ka8(i)C Acppucavbc, 6 oo9U)xaToc, oweyp&\]/aTO.

1-7 cf. ps. S y m . f. 38 = Cedr. 144,5-8; Chron. Synt. 86,5-34; Exc. Eus. 135,16-19; Sync. (app. ad F51a) (omnes 26 reges) 6 cf. Io. Ant. fr. 23.3 [ O S l ] 4 Act'Sips. S y m . C e d r . E x c . E u s . X B ' O 3 0 S y n c . 3 5 E x c . Barb. (= F51a,38) 381 SI 581 Exc. B a r b . (= Fa,40s) 6 ^ne' O Io. Ant.

11 12 13 14 15 16

To produce a total of 28 years, Gelzer 1,146 emends 9 to 19. Gr. (Frick): 6c, oi>x (= Lat. Osuch) imopeivac, rrjv 6andvr|v eipuyev. G r . (Frick): cix; cpeperai ypacpfj. C o d . 327; Frick's emendation is well-founded since the number transmitted in 1. 5 is confirmed by the correct overall calculation (see U. 4-6 and n. 2). A l l other sources confirm the total number of kings as 26 (including Aegialeus and Zeuxippus). 985 is the number transmitted in Malalas' Greek text, cf. Slavonic: 381, Exc. Barb: 581 (in F51a,40f). The figure arrived at by collating the transmitted numbers would be 981, leaving 26 years for the priests (1007 - 981 = 26; see 1. 4), but cf. the 28 years of priestly rule in F51a,42. Attempts at restoring the arithmetic of the whole list by means of single emendations (like Frick, see n. 7, or Gelzer, see n. 11) therefore seem problematic.

146

Iulius Africanus T52 From Aeneas

T52 From Aeneas to the Foundation of Rome

147

T52

I o a n n e s L y d u s , D e m a g i s t r a t i b u s p o p u l i R o m a n i 1,2 ( 1 0 , 8 - 1 2 B a n d y )

to the Foundation

of

Rome

AVUOVTCU ToiyapoOv EK xfjc, Aiveiou erti TnvTraXiav Ttapdoou ecoc tou rtoXtapou Tfjc'Pii>pr|C E v i a u r o i svvea K a i T p i d K o v r a K a i rerpaKooioi K a r a Kdrcova rdv repcorov Kal Bdppcuva, roue; 'Piupaiouc' Kara S E AcppiKCtvov Kai KdoTopa < K a i EucreBiov> TOV IlapcpiXou ETn (' Kai i'

Now, from the arrival of Aeneas in Italy to the founding of Rome 439 years elapsed according to the Romans Cato the Elder and Varro, b u t 417 years a c c o r d i n g to A f r i c a n u s , Castor, a n d <Eusebius>, [pupil] o f Pamphilus.

Kai u'.

3s - F53,2s; F 6 5 . 5 3 3s cf. Eus., c h r o n . 131,22-28; Eus., can." 62,1-10; Sync. 230,8-13; 230,18; 200,25 - 201,3; Exc.

Barb. 302,14-17 3 K a i EUOE(3IOV scripsimus K a i Bandy

F53

S y m e o n L o g o t h e t e s i n c o d i c e V a t i c a n o gr. 163, f. 9 - 1 0

( = Leo G r a m m a -

F53

The Kings of

Rome

t i c u s [ 3 5 , 1 1 - 1 6 B e k k e r ] et T h e o d o s i u s M e l i t e n u s [31,30 - 32,2 T a f e l ] ) In the first year of his (sc. Ahaz) reign, Iphitus instituted the Olympic games. In that same first Si rip npcoTO) e r e i Tfjc, TOUTOU (sc. Achaz) BaoiXEiac, "Icpiroc, rdc. OXupmdSac auvEcrrriaEv. EV SE Tfj adTfj npciiTfi 'OXuu.Ttid6i'PcI)poc KaiTcupuXoc EyevvtiSriaav, oirivec ev Tfj Epdopr] OXupradSi TfivTiopr)v fjpcavro KTiiJeiv. AcppiKavdc S cpr|Oiv d oocpciraTOC, o n ClTtO Olympiad, Remus and Romulus were born; they started to build Rome in the seventh Olympiad. T h e most learned Africanus says that f r o m R o m u l u s t h e r e were < k i n g s > , a n d t h e y ceased t o exist < f r o m > t h e consuls to t h e m o n a r c h y o f I u l i u s Caesar, after a

PtupuXoU

<|3aO"iAlc;> K a i <&Tt6>

TC0V

d u r a t i o n o f 245 years.

undTcov K a r e T c a u a a v people;'IouAiou K a i o a p o c ; Tfjc; povapxtac;, SiapKEaavTEc; ETU

ETn

StciKooia

xeaoEpdKovTa

TTEVTE.

1 F64a

1-3 F65,47.53;T52

2s Sync. (230,8-10 Moss.) Oiroq oPauvXoc. aveXdivPiuov rdv Kara Kal ra> ,SfvB' ersi rov Kdopov. 4s F54d,8s >

aSsXipdv avrov

fiacnXevci udvoq Kal KTI(EI Kal reixi&i 'Pcupnv Kara rrjv (' OXupmdSa fj ti3c TIVEC

rtjv n', ifriq roic. xpovoiq "AxaC, svvrpixii 1-3 cf. Iul. Pol. 114,16-20

2s cf. Dion. Hal. 1,71,5; Eus., chron. 131,22-25; 136,30s (= Diod. Sic. 1 This tiny fragment is all that remains of Africanus' account of the early history of Rome. How ever, it is likely that he dealt with the matter in a more detailed way, probably giving a table of kings as he does with the other important monarchies (see the preceding and following frag ments). In one preserved fragment, Africanus explicitly mentions the end of the early monarchy at the time of Brutus and the foundation of the consulship (F54d,8f).

7,5,1s); C h r o n . P a s c h . 204,2-5; Cedr. 189,12-19 1 Si < L e o Gr. T h . Mel. 2 Ttptimi < T h . Mel. | 'Pfjpoc T h . Mel. | Tfj < Th. Mel. 4 AcppiKavdc.. .OTI < T h . Mel. lj 6E dpiaTOKparia Leo Gr. | fiaaiXEic scripsimus | d7td scripsimus
2 1

KaTErcaucav]

dpcapvr| KaTErcauae Leo Gr. |'IouXiou...povapxiac ~ ( T . ' I . K. p.) Leo Gr. | diapKeoaoa Leo Gr.

148

Iulius Africanus

F54 The Rulers of the Athenians

149

F54
F 5 4 a E x c e r p t a B a r b a r i ( 2 9 6 , 3 - 300,12 F r i c k )

F54

The Rulers

of the

Athenians

F54a*

Athineorum reges N o n d u m m u l t o t r a n s a c t o t e m p o r e A e t h i n e o r u m r e g n u m < . . . > ab A e g y p t o p o p u l i egressio. A n n o enim ducentesimo o c t a u o egressionis p r i m u s i n A t h i n a s r e g n a u i t Cec-

Kings of the Athenians

W h e n n o t m u c h t i m e h a d yet elapsed, t h e k i n g d o m o f the A t h e n i a n s < . . . > t h e Exodus o f t h e people f r o m Egypt. For i n t h e 2 0 6


t h 2

year f r o m the E x o d u s ,

C e c r o p s "the large" was t h e first t o

r o p s p r o c e r u s et q u i p o s t e u m , s i c u t m a n i f e s t a n t u r , sic. I . Cecrops procerus a n n . L. A n n o trecesimo q u i n t o Cecropus Promi-

r e i g n as k i n g i n A t h e n s . Those w h o s u c c e e d e d h i m t o r u l e are the f o l l o w i n g , as they are s h o w n b e l o w :

t h e u s et E p i m i t h e u s et A t l a s s c r i b u n t u r , q u i et D i u s c r i b u n t u r . < D i f y i s a u t e m u o c a t u s est Cecrops, q u o n i a m procer staturae f u i t prae o m n i b u s . >

1. C e c r o p s "the large," 50 years. I n t h e 3 5

t h

year ( o f C e c r o p s ) , t h e r e are
4

w r i t t e n records for C e c r o p s , P r o m e t h e u s , w h o are also recorded f o r a l o n g t i m e .


5

Epimethius and Atlas,

< N o w C e c r o p s was c a l l e d " D o u b l e - n a t u r e d , " since he was l a r g e r i n s t a t u r e t h a n everyone e l s e . >


6

Parallel witnesses with reference to Africanus point to the Chronographiae as being the likely source of this unattributed list of Athenian kings. According to Malalas (T54f,6), Africanus ascribed 907 years to the duration of Athenian rule (up to Creon), in agreement with the total years of the Athenian kingdom reported in the Excerpta (11. 59f). Parts of the list also correspond with material credited to Africanus by Syncellus (F54b-e) and Eusebius (F64c). For further discussion, see Gelzer 1,152-155; De Sanctis 1912,99-106. Information about the Athenian kingdom preserved in Syncellus' chronicle and unattested in Eusebius is provided i n the third apparatus as a possible additional witness to Africanus.

4 s - F54c,4s (206 anni); F54b,2s (189 anni); T57 10-13; T56a 6-9

4s et 47s - F34,40s

6s - F34,103s; F56.2-5.

Sync. (179,7-16 Moss.) (= Philochorus FGrHist 328 F93), cf. Eus., chron. (86,15s Karst) (= Castor Kexpoiy o Supvrjq ITT\ v' (= can., 5 c h r o n . ) . TOV Se KOOUOV f/v ETOC,y^ue'. 2

F G r H i s t 250 F 4 ) et can. (armen. 160 Karst; Hier. 41,6-9 Helm) Adnv<xi<ova' ejiaoiXevoe
XOUUEVOC,,

KKpo\|/ 6 oicpuqc, Tjjc TOTE AKTfjq, vvv Se'ATTiKffq,ifiaoiXevoev err) v', Sid prjKOc. aajpatoc. OUTIU K a <Zq (pnoiv d 1>iX6xopoq, rj drt Aiyvmioq &v raq Svo yXwooaq rmioroao. oimq and Tf/q avTOV AOrjvdq Tfjv noXiv ABrjvaq ojvouaoev. tni avTOv tj ev Tfj ccKponoXei iXaia npdmoq ifvn. an avrov ini npoJTnv UXvumaSa TCC nap' "EXXr/oi Bavpaord 6-10 * F54b,4s
peyEooc ...

The Latin text is either lacunose or a misunderstanding of the Greek original. Gr. (Frick): OUTKO rtoXXoO Sie\riXu86Toc, xpovou Tf|c EC, AiyuTtrou TOU XOOU E^66OU f| A8nvaitov PaaiAEid. ("When not much time had yet elapsed from the Exodus of the people from Egypt, the kingdom of the Athenians <arose>.")

Si KeKponia f) v w p a iKXrjdn. ovToq npwwq flow iBvoiaoe Kai Zfjva npoonyopevoev, wq Tiveq. an' BaoiXeiq iq', dpxovreq St Sid Biov ia', irn Si y'. KOTO TOI5TOI>C 3 SoKovvTa fivBoXoyeiTai.

Text: 208, emended to 206 (= John of Antioch). The Excerpta (see 11. 47f) numbers 814 years from 1 Cecrops to O l . 1,1. The addition of 206 years from the Exodus to 1 Cecrops yields a total of 1020 years from the Exodus and the flood of Ogygus to Ol. 1,1. This sum corresponds precisely with Africanus' reckoning, see F34,40f.

8s Io. Ant. fr. 24.3,2s (58 Ro.) ... KeKpo\^, 6c EKXr|0n 6i(puT]<; 5id TO TOU adipatoq

4 1-60 can. 6-60


H i e r

Gr. (Frick): " E T E I X E ' K^Kponoc, npopnOeuc ("in the 3 5 year of Cecrops"). Gr. (Frick): ol K a i Aide; ypacpopevoi ("who are also recorded as sons of Zeus"). According to F34.102-104, Africanus dated Prometheus 94 years after the flood o f Ogygus, much earlier than the date given here. Africanus was aware of divergent traditions about the dates of Prometheus, Epimetheus and Atlas (see F56.10-13 and n. 1 ad loc). The Greek text underlying the enigmatic Latin "qui et Diu scribuntur" may thus have meant: "who are also ascribed to a m u c h earlier period."

th

cf. E u s . , chron. 85,3 - 88,24; Eus., c a n . 9 , 1 9 - 10,4; 14,6-15; 41=


m n

ffier

41 ; Chron. Synt. 87,24 - 88,12


H i

2-5
Hi

cf.Eus.,
Hier

6 (cum 27 et 45) cf. Eus., c a n . " 4 1


Hi

6 - 9 cf.Eus., c a n .
m e n

41"-'
h

cf. Eus., reg. ser." ' 148s; Eus., reg. ser. " 30s

8s cf. Eus., c a n . "

159; Eus., c a n . " 41 ; Io.

Mai. 4,5; Io. A n t . 24.3,2-4; Sym. Log. (Leo Gr. 28,3s = T h . Mel. 26,27 - 27,1); Cedr. 144,22- 145,2

ducentesimo octauo] recte 206 cf. T54c,4s

8s

transposuimus a 1. 29s (cf. S y n c , Eus., Io. Ant. 6

supra in app.)

The notice about Cecrops in angle-brackets has been transferred from 11.29f of the Excerpta.

150

Iulius Africanus

F54 T h e Rulers of the Athenians

151

10

<Kpavaoc,

OUT6X9U)V

p e t a K e K p o r t a exn

0'.>

< C r a n a u s , n a t i v e - b o r n , r e i g n e d after C e c r o p s , 9 y e a r s . > 2. A m p h i c t y o n , 4 0 years. 3. E r i c h t h o n i u s , 10 years. 4. P a n d i o n , 50 years. 5. Erechtheus, 40 years. 6. Cecrops, s o n o f E r e c h t h e u s , 53 years. 7. P a n d i o n , s o n o f C e c r o p s , 43 years.

I I . A m i f i c t r y u s ann. X L . I I I . E r i c t h o n i u s ann. X . I I I I . P a n d i u s ann. L. V. E r e c t h e u s a n n . X L . 15 V I . C e c r o p s Erectheus a n n . L I I I . V I I . P a n d i u s Cecropus a n n . X L I I I . { V I I I . } Temporibus Pandii C e c r o p i Cadmus A g i n o r i l i t t e r a r u m uersos p r i m u s d u x i t a d G r e c o s . V i l l i . Egeus P a n d i o n u s a n n o s X L V I I I .

I n the t i m e o f P a n d i o n son o f C e c r o p s , C a d m u s , s o n o f A g e n o r , first i n t r o d u c e d t h e Greeks t o r o w s o f l e t t e r s . 9. Aigeus, son o f P a n d i o n , 48 years.


9

10-13

S y n c . (184,6-24 Moss.) (= Philochorus FGrHist 328 F93), cf. Eus., chron. (86,23-29 Karst) Kpcrvaoc. aurdx9(ov exn 9' (= Eus.). rov Si Koopov fjv etoc,y^O'.
a

(= Castor F G r H i s t 250 F4) et can. (armen. 160-165 Karst; Hier. 43,25s; 44,12s; 45,1s; 47,17s Helm) ABnvociiovfi' ifiaoiXevoe Kpavaov paodn, nporepov TOVTOV Sevripov BamXewc Tfjc, 'ArriKfjq Bvydrnp fjv ArBiq, KCC8' fjv ArriKf] rj x&P &vo-

AKifj Xeyopevn. (card TOVTOV TOV Kpavaov d eni AevKaXicovoq KaraxXvopoq ev epnpnopdq ev AiBionia. noXXai Se Kai aXXai v Tiuaiw. and Se "EXXnvoq TOV AevKaXiivvoq Kpavaov. (pBopai, wq nXdrwv

>eoaaXia (+ T55,10-14) Kai 6 eni 0a8ovroq yeydvaoiv "EXXnoi ToniKai 'ABnvaiwv y' ifiaoiXevoev KaTa Ap<piKrvwva "EXXnveq oi Fpamoi KaXovvrai.

Ap^ucrdtov erp i' (= can., 9 chron.), vide. AevKaXiwvoq, yapBpbq

TOV Se Koapiov fjv iroq ,SS'. rdv AevKaXiwvoq vidv rtveq cpaot Aidvvoov eiq rfjv 'ArriKtjv eXBdvra fevwBfjtrr\ v' (= can., - chron.). roti Se Koopov fjv eroq,SiS'. npwroq'EXXnoiv vai Xnpayco Kai rfj BvyaTpi avrov veBpiSa SwpfjoaoBai. frepoq S' fjv OUTOC K ZepiXnq. ABnvocicov 8'ef}aoiXevoev"Epr$bvioq Oiroq ecpevpev. f\v yap napc\ ABnvaiwv e'ifiaoiXevoe TOVTOV Bvyarepeq 14-19 Bapfiapwv. 'EpiyQdvioq 'Hcpaiorov d nap' 'Opfjpw 'EpexBevq eoriv. 'Epixddvioq appa FlavSicov irr\ p' (= Eus.). TO0 Si Koopov fjv iroq,8t;S'. UpdKvn Kai OiXopijXa rov TlavSiovoq.

Sync. (188,24 - 189,6 Moss.), cf. Eus., chron. (86,30 - 87,8 Karst) (= Castor FGrHist 250 F4) f\v eroq ,SpS'. fjpqdvro. (cf. fjv

et can. (armen. 165-169 Karst; Hier. 49,17s; 52,3s; 54,2s; 55,9-11 Helm) ABnvaiwv q' efiaoiXevoev'Epsffievq 'ixr\ v' (= Eus.). roti Se Koopov 'EpexBecoq rovrov
H i b

Bvyarepa Bopeaq vidq Aarpaiov

9pd( fjpnaoev TlpiBviav. d Si pvBoq rov avt-

pov, wq <t>iXdxopoq ev Sevrepq <pnoiv. eni TOVTOV Si Kai rd Xeydpeva pvorfjpia c a n . " 5 0 ; ps. Io. Ant.fr.6*) ABnvaiwv eroq f ifiaoiXevoe ,SpvS'.

KeKpoi)/ ern. u' (= Eus.), 6 Sevrepoq 'EpexBewq dSeXcpdq. TOV Se Koopov fjv e'roc ,SppS'.

ABnvaiiov n' efiaoiXevoe navSitov 'EpexBewq ern Ke' (= Eus.). TOO Si Koopov ABnvaiwv 9' ifiaoiXevoev

Aiyeuc, ilavSiovoc, ern pn/ (= Eus.). TOV Si Koopov fjv eroq,Said'. 7 The missing name of Cranaus and the nine years of his reign have been supplied from Syn cellus, see also the other parallels i n the app. 8 Gr. (Frick): xpovoic, nav6tovoc, KeKponoc.. T h e Latin translator may have confused ypappdrcov crtoixouc, with ypapudtcov OToix"a, "letters of the alphabet" (Seal.). 9

10 cf. Io. M a i . 4,6 12 cf. Eus., can." 12,19

17s cf. Eus., can." 48"

10

restituimus e Sync. (78,21 Moss. = F54b,4), cf. etiam Sync, et Eus. supra in app., necnon Io. Mai.

in app. ad F 5 4 b , 4 s

152

Iulius Africanus

F54 The Rulers o f the Athenians

153

20

X . T h i s e u s Egei ann. X X X I . X I . Menestheus ann. X V I I I I . X I I . D i m o f u s ann. X X X V . X I I I . O x y n t u s ann. X I I I I . X I H I , A f y d u s ann. I .

10. Theseus, son o f A i g e u s , 31 years. 1 1 . M e n e s t h e u s , 19 years. 12. D e m o p h o n , 35 years. 13. O x y n t e s , 14 years. 14. A p h i d a s , 1 year. 15. T h y m o i t e s , 9 years. 16. M e l a n t h u s , 37 years. 17. C o d r u s , 21 years.

25

XV. T h y m y t u s ann. V i l l i . X V I . M e l a n t h u s ann. X X X V I I . X V I I . C o d r u s ann. X X I . A C e c r o p o p r o c e r o usque C o d r u m a n n i q u a d r i n g e n t i X C I I . Post C o d r u m a u t e m f u e r u n t s i c u t u i x e r u n t p r i n c i p e s . { D i f y i s a u t e m u o c a t u s est C e c r o p s , q u o n -

F r o m C e c r o p s "the large" u p t o C o d r u s , there are 492 years. A f t e r C o d r u s , h o w ever, t h e r e w e r e archons, j u s t as t h e y l i v e d .


1 0

30

i a m p r o c e r s t a t u r a e fuit prae omnibus.}

20 - 24

Sync. (201,22 - 202,20 Moss.), cf. Eus., chron. (87,8-18 Karst) (= Castor FGrHist 250 F4) et &r\oevq Aiyscoc, exr\ Xa' (30 Eus.). TO0 Si Koopov fjv hoc ,So(,C.

can. (armen. 1 7 0 - 1 7 3 Karst; Hier. 57,21s; 59,13s; 62,1-3; 63,23s; 64,14s Helm) AOnvaicov i' iBaaiXevoe r\owc"EXivr\v fjpnaoev, fjv aidiq aneXxBov oi aSeXfol avrfjq Kdortop Kai UoXvSevKrjq, rfjv undnoSnpovvxoq rov &rjoewq. Qnoevq A6r\vaiovq Kara x&pav Sieofjroi eiq uiav ndXiv, npcoroq i^ioorpaKiodrj, aiirdq npcoroq deiq rdv

ripa 0r\oeu>q aixpaXwrioavreq napftevovq eiq ev ovvayaywv 'Adrjvaiwv Koapov ice' ifiaoiXevoe fjv eroq ,Sogn'.

vdiiov. &rjo~evq ecpvyev and Adrjvtov. M E V E O O E U C l i e r E a i roti 'Opvewq rov EpexBicoq exr\ Xy' (23 Eus.). TOO Se yvvaiKcdv

'Eni rovrov

6 TpwtKdq ndXeuoq ovveorr\ SveKa ufjXov xpvoov, 6 KdXXovq enadXov rjv

xpicdv, iind fiiaq avnov nporeOeiarjq'EXtvrjq xa> Kpirfj. fiovKdXoq S'oiroq fjv'IXievq, wq fj KuiuaSia. Meveodevq oiroq "EXXrjoi Kara rdv Tptlxov ovveudxnoe. rovrov rco Xy' Irei IXiov fjXa inaviwv reXevra. Ar|uo<pu>v Qnoewq ixr\ Ky' (33 Eus.). TOO Si Koopov fjv eroq ,SrXa'. Se and Tpoiaq ev MfjXw rfj vfjota ABtjvaicvv i3' ifiaoiXevoe

Eni rovrov ra nepi 'OSvooia Kai 'Opiorrjv. Aiveiaq re ifiaoiXevoe AaBiviov. ra Kara 'OSvooea Kai ZKvXXav Kai XdpvBSiv Kai Zeipfjvaq. (cf. ps. Io.Ant. fr. 18*) AQnvalaiv iy'/3acrAEtvav'Oct3vTr|c. Ar\uo<pG>vroq lxr\i'(12 Eus.). rov Si KOOUOV fjv exoq.SrvS'. Adnvaiaiv iS'ifiaoiXevoev 25-27 AcpiSac exoq ev (= Eus.). rov Se Koopov fjv iroq ,Sr^S'. Sync. (208,6-22 Moss.), cf. Eus., chron. (87,19-23 Karst) (= Castor FGrHist 250 F4) et can. 0uuoirr|c Etn 8' (8 Eus.), AfeiSavroq dSeXcpdq. rov Si KOOUOV fjv eroq, Srt^e'. vnaKoioavviKfjoaq

(armen. 173-175 Karst; Hier. 64,17s; 65,3s; 66,23-25 Helm) Adrjvaicov IE' ifiaoiXevoe 8ev dq Irepov ifiaoiXevoev. Eni rovrov f\ rCbv EpexdeiSwv BaoiXeia KareXvdn napa Adrjvaioiq 'ArriKtdv Xeyouevrj, Kai uerfjXyevoq. vuoixr\v yap npoOKaXeoauevov EavBov rov Boiwriov Kai ur\ MiXavBoq AvSpondpnov TlvXioq avaSet,autvoq iuovou&xrjoe Kai evdev Adfjvtjoiv fj rtdv Anarovpiwv eoprfj ayerai roq rov 0v/Aoirov,

Sid rd ovv dndrn yeveodai rf\v

viKfjv. (cf. p s . Io.Ant. fr. 20*) AOrjvaiaiv iq' ifiaoiXevoe MEACIVSOC, AvSpondunov TlvXioq exr\ X(' (= Eus.). roti Si KOOUOV f\v Eroq ,SroS'. AQnvaicov i(' ifiaoiXevoe iKTteodvreq 'Axaiaq. KoSpoc. MeXavdov ern KO.' (= Eus.). rot) Si Koopov fjv eroq ,Svia'. Karecpvyov TleXonovvfjoioi iorpxrevoav en' Adfjvaq, olq eavrdv i&ScoKe Std xprjopdv Eni rovrov f) rcov 'HpatcXeiSQv KadoSoq eiq TleXonovvnoov yeyovev'Iwveq re eiq Adrjvaq KdSpoq MeXavdov,

Kai omen BaoiXeiq, apxovreq Si Std fiiov roiq Adrjvaioiq KaBioravro.

25 - 28 cf. Eus., c a n .

H i c r

64

29s transposuimus post 1. 7 (cf. Sync, et Eus. supra in app.)

10

Gr. (Frick): EIOC, (r|oav ("for as long as they lived").

154

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F54 The Rulers of the Athenians

155

Principes diabii. P o s t C o d r u m a u t e m p r i m u s f i l m s eius diabius factus est p r i n c e p s A t h i n e o r u m .

Archons for l i f e .

1 1

A f t e r C o d r u s , h i s s o n was the first to b e c a m e a r c h o n o f the A t h e n i a n s f o r life.

I . M e d r u s Codri ann. X X . I I . Acastus ann. X X X V I I I I . 35 III. Archippus ann. X I X . <Thersippus ann. X L . > I I I I . Forbus ann. X X X I I I . V. M e g a c l u s a n n . X X V I I I . VI. Diognitus ann. X X V I I I . 40 V I I . Fereclus ann. X V . V I I I . Arifrus ann. X X X .

1. M e d o n , s o n o f C o d r u s , 20 years. 2. A c a s t u s , 39 years. 3. A r c h i p p u s , 19 years. < T h e r s i p p u s , 40 years.> 4. P h o r b a s , 33 years. 5. M e g a c l e s , 28 years. 6. D i o g n e t u s , 28 years. 7. Pherecles, 15 years. 8. A r i p h r o n , 30 y e a r s .
12

33s

Sync. (208,23-29 Moss.), cf. Eus., chron. (87,27s Karst) (= Castor FGrHist 250 F4) et can.

(armen. 175-177 Karst; Hier. 68,1-4; 69,7s Helm) ABnvaicov it}' ifictaiXevoe MeScuv KoSpou irr\ K' (= Eus.). OUTOC npuroq icm rwv Sid Biou Xeyopivcov dpxovraiv nap' Adnvaioiq. rov Si KOOUOV t)v hoc, ,Sv\fi'. ABnvaicov 0ap\iov&' Axcta-roc Meoovroc err| Xe' (36 Eus.). rov Si KOOUOV r)v iroq,SvvB'. 'Eni 'Andorov Iwvwv anomia. Kai'Opnpoq iaropeixai yeyoviiic nap' "EXXnoiv, dq riviq, oi Si SXiyio nporepov Kai aXXoi vorepov. 35-41 Sync. (217,6-20 Moss.), cf. Eus., chron. (87,32 - 88,7 Karst) (= Castor FGrHist 250 F4) et can. (armen. 177-179 Karst; Hier. 71,8s; 72,8s; 74,22s; 76,25s; 80,15s; 81,18s Helm) ABnvaicov K'iBacriXevoev Apxntrcoc, AKdorov ixr\ id' (= Eus.). TOO Si Kdopov fjv eroq,Svn('. Adrjvaicov Ka' ifiaoiXevoe eponmoc. 'Apxinnov irr\ p' (41 c a n . r]v iroq ,8<pq'. Adnvaicov KB' ipaoiXevoe <D6pSac, Qepoinnov ern X' (= chron., 31 can. "). rov Si Koopov fjv eroq ,Scppq'. ABrp/aicov Ky' ejiaaiXevoe MeyaicXfjc <t>6pBavroq ernray"(30 Eus.). rov Si mopov fjv eroq ,S<poq'. A&nvalwv KS'efiaoiXevoe Ai6yvr|Toc, MeyaKXeovq erpraV(= Eus.). roC Si Kdopov fjv iroq ,SxS'. ABnvaiiov KE'ipaoiXevoe Adnvaiuv OepeicXiic, Aioyvrjrov trn id' (= Eus.). roii Si Koopov fjv eroq,SxXB'. Apicppuiv OepeKXiovq irr\ K' (= chron., c a n . " , can."" " ), (> T54e) Kara rov Apiippova r) rwv Aoovpiwv KareXvBn dpxrj, <i>q ndvreq
H r 1 1 Hl ,rme

" , - chron., can."*')- rov Si Kdopov

Kq' ijiaoiXevoev

Si AippiKavov ern Xa'. Kara rovrov 41 T49b; T 5 4 e

ovptfiovovoi. rov Si Koopov fjv eroq ,Sxva'.

31s
35

cf. Eus., c a n . " 68,1-4

33-45

Io. Mai. 4,5 transposuimus a 1. 44 (cf. numerum annorum in Sync, et Eus.)

X I X Sync. Eus. X L cod.

36

11 Gr. (Frick): Sid Biou. 12 Cf. Sync. (T54e), who states that Africanus assigned 31 years to Ariphron.

41 X X X ] 31 Sync. (T54e,2)

156

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F54 The Rulers o f the Athenians

157

V i l l i . Thispeus ann. X L . X . A g a m i s t o r ann. X X V I . { X I . T h e r s i p p u s ann. X X I I I . } 45 X I I . Eschylus ann. < X I I I L > E s c h y l o a n n o s e c u n d o p r i m a o l y m p i a d a a d d u c t a est a Grecis. C o l l i g u n t u r u e r o ab i n i t i o r e g n i C e c r o p i i n p r i m a o l y m p i a d a a n n i o c t i n g e n t i XIIII. Post E s c h y l u m autem illi: 50 X I I I . A l m e u s ann. X . X I I I I . Corops ann. X . X V . E s i m i d u s ann. X . XVI. C e l d i c u s ann. X .

9. Thespieus, 40 years. 10. A g a m e s t o r , 26 years. 12. Aeschylus, < 1 4 >


1 3

years.

I n t h e s e c o n d year o f Aeschylus, the first O l y m p i c games w e r e celebrated b y the Greeks.


14

F r o m the b e g i n n i n g o f t h e r e i g n o f Cecrops u p t o t h e first O l y m p i c games, t h e r e are therefore 8 1 4 years i n a l l .


1 5

A f t e r Aeschylus are t h e f o l l o w i n g : 13. A l c m a i o n , 10 years. 14. C h a r o p s , 10 years. 15. A e s i m i d u s , 10 years. 16. C l e o d i c u s , 10 years. 17. H i p p o m e n e s , 10 years. 18. Leocrates, 10 years.

X V I I . Ippomenus ann. X . 55 X V I I I . Leocratis ann. X .

42-46 Adnvxiwv Adrjvaiwv

Sync. (230,20 - 231,4 Moss.), cf. Eus., chron. (88,9-17 Karst) (= Castor FGrHist 250 F4) et K(' sBaoiXEVOE SeomEuc, Apicppovoq etn x ' (= can.", - chron., can."""), Kara St aXXovq
r

can. (armen. 1 8 0 - 1 8 2 Karst; Hier. 82,24-26; 84,15s; 85,24s Helm) irn u'. rov St KOOUOV fjv Kn' ijiaoiXzvoEV iwq,Sxoa'.
Hl 1

AyapioTcop Beomiwc, err) <("' (= chron., 20 c a n . " , can.*" ), Kara Si

aXXovq Tt] K('. TOV Si KOOUOV fjv iToq,8x<?n'. (de Thersippo v i d e supra ad 1. 36) AStjvocicov K8' ifiaoiXEVOEv AioYiiXoc, srr| iS' (23 Eus.). TOV Si KOOUOV fjv iroq ,8yiE'. AioxvAov rip p7' ETEI nAnpovuivw Kai apxouivw TW y'avToi ETEI, oc fjv K8' BaoiAEiic Adnvaiiov and TOV a' avrwv KcKponoq rov Supvovq, iB' Si TOJV Sid Biov apxdvToiv, f| 7tpd>Tn 'OXup/mac. fjx8n Kara TO SfKa' Iroq and ASdu, A(apiov Si BaoiXiuiq lovSa ETEI X8', liq npoKEnai. 50-57 4 5 s F64c.d Sync. (250,21 - 251,16 Moss.), cf. Eus., chron. (88,20-24 Karst) (= Castor FGrHist 250 F4) et

can. (armen. 1 8 2 - 1 8 4 Karst; Hier. 88,3s; 88,7s; 89,5s; 90,1s; 90,14s; 91,7s; 92,3s; 92,19s Helm) Adnvociwv X' ifiocoiXEVOEV AXKpaitov ern p" (= Eus.). TOO Si KOOUOV fpi Iroq ,S\jnc8'. 'Eni TOVTOV A8fjvr\mv fj Sid Biov KartXvOn dpxfj. uErd AXKuaiwva rov X' BaoiXia ABrpiaioiv KMTEcjTd8r\oa.v apxovTsq SeKasrEiq f'. T3v npoiiroq apxcov SEKazTfjq A8r\vaiiov Xa' Xdpo\(/ AicxiiXou ern i' (= Eus.). OVTOC npwroq ScKaETfjq. rov Si Koapov fjv imq ,SfXa'. Adnvtxiujv A/?' ijiccoiXEVozv AioipiSnq etn i' (= Eus.). TOU Si KOOUOV f\v iroq Adfjvalwv\y' ijiaoiXzvoE KXeoSucoc, err] t' (= Eus.). TOV Si KOOUOV f\v iroq ,Si\iua'. ,Syva'. ,Sfoa'. ,Sfna'. 13 The years of Aeschylus' reign are supplied from Sync, (see third app.); but cf. Eus. (F64c), who states that Africanus assigned 23 years to Aeschylus' reign. The figure of Syncellus is better suited to the overall chronology of the Excerpta's list. O f the 907 total years of the Athenian kingdom (1. 59f and T54f), 814 belong to the period before the Olympiads (1. 47f). 80 of the 93 remaining years belong to the rule of the 10-year-archons, leaving 13 years for the reign of Aeschylus after the introduction of the Olympic games. 14 4 5 - 4 8 cf. E u s . , c a n . " 85,24s; 86
H i b

Adrjvaiojv XS' Ep3aoiXEvOEv'bxnov.ivr\q 5TT| I ' (= Eus.). rot) Si KOOUOV fjv iwq ,Sy/^a'. Adrjvaiiov XE' ifiaoiXEVOE AecoKparnc, etn i' (= Eus.). TOV Si KOOUOV fjv iroq AOwvaiwv Ac' ifSaoiXEVoev Av|/av5poc etn i' (= Eus.). TOV Si KOOUOV fjv iroq A0nvaio)vX(' ifiaoiXEVOEv'Epvqiaq etn i' (= Eus.). Tot; Si KOOUOV fjv iroq

,Sypa'.

Latin literally: "... were introduced by the Greeks"; cf. Gr. (Frick): ... TtpioTn OXupmac, fjx9n Tcapa TOIC "EXXnatv. The number 814 does not correspond exactly to the sum of the single figures. However, it fits well with Africanus' system, see above n. 3.

15 4 4 transposuimus post 1. 35 45 X I I I I restituimus e Sync.

158 X V I I I I . Apsandrus ann. X . X X . E r y g i u s ann. X .

Iulius Africanus

F54 T h e Rulers o f the Athenians

159

19. A p s a n d r u s , 10 years. 20. E r y x i a s , 10 years.


t h

Et cessauit r e g n u m A t h i n e o r u m i n o l y m p i a d a u i c e s i m a quarta. F i u n t u e r o o m n e m A t h i n e o r u m f o r t i t u d i n e m a C e c r o p o u s q u e O x y r i u m a n n . n o n i n g e n t i sep60 tern.

T h e k i n g d o m o f the A t h e n i a n s came t o a n e n d i n the 2 4 the entire r u l e years.


1 6

O l y m p i a d . T h u s , for
1 7

o f the A t h e n i a n s f r o m Cecrops u p t o E r y x i a s ,

there are 907

58 - F54d,4s 5 8 - 60 - T54f,5-7 58 cf. Ens., c a n . " 93,12-16 (01.24)

F 5 4 b G e o r g i u s Syncellus ( 7 8 , 1 8 - 2 5

Mosshammer)

F54b

1 8

'He; aiiToc, A9pu<av6c pEpap-nipnKEv ev dpxn xou r p h o u Xdyou eiraiv-

This Africanus himself has attested in the beginning of his third book: F r o m t h e t i m e o f O g y g u s , because o f the great d e s t r u c t i o n w r o u g h t b y the f l o o d , w h a t is n o w A t t i c a r e m a i n e d w i t h o u t a k i n g f o r 189 years. T h e n Cecrops the D o u b l e - N a t u r e d , 50 years. A f t e r Cecrops, i n d i g e n o u s C r a n a u s , 9 years. Altogether from the flood at the time of Ogygus up to Cecrops the first king of Athens and Cra naus the second king after him, there are 248 years. ' This same interval is also from the Exodus of Moses and Israel from Egypt up to the flood in Thessaly at the time of Deucalion.
1

Arto
TOC;

' i l y u y o u S i d T T J V ctTto T O O KaxaicXuapou TtoAAqv cpGopdv dBaaiAEu|iive-v f| vuv A T T I K T ) E T E O I V pTt6'.


UEV

E l r a K f i K p o y 6 Supurjc; ETT) v'.

Kp'avaoc, auTOvOcov psTd KfiKpoTta E T T | 0'.


O p o u y i v o v x a i dnd TOO eni 'fiyuyou KaraKXuapoO ertl KsKporca irpfiiTov fSaoiXea A9ijvr|Oi K a i rov p E t ' aurov 8euTepov Kpavadv ETT| opr|'. r d 5' a u r a K a i and Tfjc, etpSou MtouaEcoc, KaiTopaf|X E!; AiyurcTou Ecoc, rov eni AeuKaXitovoc KaraKAuapoO EV ETraXia.

1- 8 =T55,15-23

2s = F34,71s

2 - 5 - * F54a,2-11; T 5 7

2s Eus., chron. (85,15-17 Karst) Und

nach Ogigos s e i v o n wegen der groGen Verwustung durch die Sintflut ohne Konigtum, sagen sie, gewesen das j e t z t Attika genannte bis zu Kekrops, 190 (109 codd.) Jahre lang. F54a,4s (206 anni) 4s Io. M a i . 4,5 ( 5 1 , 7 0 - 7 2 Thurn) 'EBaoiXevoev Se 6 KEKpov]/ rav A9nvaiwv ETTJ V', Kai ^ E T ' avrdv tBaaiXevae K p a v a o q ETr| 9'. 16 2- 8 cf. Eus., c h r o n . 85,15 - 86,23 (= Castor F G r H i s t 250 F4); Eel. Hist. 176,14-18; Io. Ant. fr. 23.1;
r

Gr. (Frick): ... yivovrai ouv redone rfje A9nvaia>v SuvaoTEiac. . Emended from Oxyrius. This passage constitutes part of a longer discussion by Syncellus about the differing chrono logies of the floods in Greece (T55). It is difficult to explain why the first two lines of this excerpt (11. 2f) are identical to F34, 71f, even though they appear in a completely different con

17 18

Io. Nic. 29; ps. S y m . f. 38 = Cedr. 143,10-14


v

6 - 8 cf. Sym. Log. (Leo Gr. 28,2-5 = T h . Mel. 26,27 -

27,2 = I u l . Pol. 98,13s); ps. Sym. f. 2 5 = Cedr. 26,15 - 27,2 [AB] 2 M e r d Sfe "flyuyov F34.71
B | [3aoiXa + ETCI A

3 ATTiKf[ + pfyp KeKponoe F34.72 | ETEOIV] lrr\ F34.72

6 TOU <

text. The text in F34, which precedes a refutation of Philochorus, is independently supported by Eusebius and thus can be considered reliable. In the present text, Syncellus may have combined notices from two separate places in the Chronographiae (i.e. from the preface at the beginning of book 3, and then from the list of the Athenian rulers). It is also possible that the same notice about the 189 years without a king appeared twice in Africanus (in both instances based on the same source). In that case, one would have to assume that Syncellus' ascription of the notice to the beginning of his third book is erroneous. Since Africanus' treatment of the whole of Greek history came after Moses (F34,53-58), and hence after F34, it is hardly conceivable that the list of the Athenians preceded the material on the Argives, Sicyonians etc. 19 See below n. 1 t o F 5 4 c a n d n . 1 to T 5 5 .

160

Iulius Africanus

F54 The Rulers of the Athenians

161

T 5 4 c I o a n n e s M a l a l a s 3,11

( 4 4 , 9 1 - 9 6 T h u r n , ex q u o

Ioannes A n t i o c h e n u s , fr.

T54c

2 3 . 1 [ 5 2 R o b e r t o ] et Ioannes N i c i e n s i s 29 [ 2 7 , 1 6 - 2 1 C h a r l e s ] ) In the time of Joshua, the son of N u n , a man of the tribe of Japhet, named Ogygus, an original 'Ev 5E TOIC. xpdvoicltioou TOU Nouf| 4K Tfjc; cpuXfjc, Tou'I&cpeS e^aolXEuOE Tfjc; ATTiKfjc x c P ; rtc,
A< o v

inhabitant of the country, reigned over the land of Attica for 32 years. I n his reign a great flood occurred and Ogygus and all that land were destroyed, as was every soul living in that land of Attica, but only there. From that time the land remained barren and uninhabited for 206 years,

pcm 'fiyuync, O.UT6X9IDV, ETr| XP'. K a i y r y o v E KaraKXuapdc pyac EV Tfj aurou PaaiXEiq, K a i dmbXETo airrdc K a i n d o a f| \ihpa EKEIVTI Kai rcdoa "t/uxT o i K o u a a rf)v xcipav EKEivqv Tfjc ATTiKfjc; K a i pdvpc. Kai SU.EIVEV 5 e; E K E I V O U Epnpoc, K a i d o i K t y r o c , fj a u T f |

x&pa. im

Tq oc;', KaGcbc;

iv
as is r e l a t e d i n the w r i t i n g s o f A f r i c a n u s .
1

T O I C ; A c p p i K a v o f j EpcpEpETai r j u y y p d p p a a i v .

2 - 4 - > F34,71s; F54b,2s; T55,16s 4 ETn oc,' - F54a,4s F54d 2 -5 cf. Eus., c h r o n . 85,15-17; Sym. Log. ( T h . Mel. 26,27 - 27,2 = Leo Gr. 28,2-5); ps. Sym. f. 38 = Up to this year 4801 from Adam, the first kings of the Athenians numbered 17. After them came the 13 so-called archons for life, and then seven 10-year archons. Altogether there were 37 rulers, who [OS1] 2 'fiyuync C h i l m . Io. Ant. ruyoiync O roiyuync SI ruync Cedr. 4 ac' Io. Ant. Io. Nic. oo' O ceased their rule after controlling the government of the Athenians from A M 3945, and lasting a total of 856 years. After them, archons of one-year term were appointed from the aristocracy, and a government of nine archons was established at Athens. The government of annual archons was initiated in A M 4804, when Creon began his rule as the first archon in the 19 Olympiad. But some say it was in the 25
th th r 2

Cedr. 143,10-14; E e l . Hist. 176,14-18

ai,' SI a ' Cedr.

Olympiad. F r o m h i m

up

to

the

250

t h

Olympiad,

t h e r e w e r e 903

archons
3

e x t e n d i n g t o P h i l i n u s . A r o u n d his t i m e , Gratus S a b i n i a n u s a n d s e r v i n g as consuls o f t h e Romans. Beginning f r o m those w h o

Seleucus

were time AM as

a r o u n d the

o f B r u t u s served as c o n s u l s a f t e r the k i n g s , 725 o f t h e m are c o u n t e d u p t o 5 7 2 3 , according to Africanus. T h i s was F 5 4 d G e o r g i u s Syncellus ( 2 5 1 , 1 7 - 2 9 Mosshammer) A v i t u s , e m p e r o r o f the R o m a n s .
5 6 4

the t h i r d year o f A n t o n i n u s , also k n o w n

"Eu>c Tou6e T O U ,6cua' ETOUC ti, A6dp o i AOnvaicov |3aoiXElc Ttpcoroi iC K a i p E T ' aurouc oi did piou XEydpevoi dpxovTEC iy', ETCEITO deKaETEic

The 189 years that F54b (= F34,71f) numbers from Ogygus to Cecrops probably begin with the death of Ogygus, and not with the flood in his time (according to F34,38f Ogygus did not die in the flood). If Malalas accurately adheres to Africanus' chronology, Ogygus would have survived the flood by 17 years.

C>

dpou rcdvra

XC,

Kparf|oavTEC Tfjc A9r|vaicov

dpxfjc

and

TOU ,y?)p' Koau-iKou ETOUC E T t a u a a v r o , d i a p K E a a v r e c erci irr\ 8Xa ,cuvc'. M e r d T O U T O U C dpxovrsc E v i a u o i a t o i i>p9r|aav tf, Eurtarpidciv, ivvsa TE dpxdvrcov A9f|vr|Oiv 5 2

Syncellus' account of Athenian rule from its inception up to the archonship of Philinus (prece ding text in the 3
rd

apxn,

icaTEcrrd9r|- fj Si TCOV E v i a u o i a i u i v fjpx9n TCI> ,5u)6' ETEI TOO K d a p o u , Kptovroc rtpcoTOu dpxovTfjc i9' OXupmadoc, oi Sk im KE'. dtp' O U

app. to F54a) is a composite of Africanus and other sources. Africanus as

TOC liynaap^vou im

im ov' 'OXupnidSa

dpxovTEc;

signed 907 years to the Athenian kings and archons who ruled up to the time of Creon (= A M 3913 to A M 4820), see F54a,59f. According to 11. 1-6, the rule of the 37 Athenian kings and ar chons up to the archonship of C r e o n lasted 856 years, from A M 3945 to A M 4801. The ensuing description (11. 6-10) of the rule of 903 one-year archons from Creon up to the third year of the reign of Antoninus Elagabalus (= A M 4820 to A M 5723) better reflects Africanus' reckoning. 3 4 C . Vettius Gratus Sabinianus and M . Flavius Vitellius Seleucus ( A D 221). Therefore, the rule of the consuls began in A M 4998. With the addition of the prior 245 years of the kings (F53), the founding of Rome would have occurred in A M 4753; for confirmation of this date, see F65.53, which states that Rome was founded in OI. 7 = A M 4751-4754. Although Varro's (divergent) dating of the founding of Rome was widely accepted as a standard, Afri canus did not follow it (see also T52). 5 Elagabalus, called M. Aurelius Antoninus, born as Varius Avitus ( A D 218 May - A D 222 March). The dates and names in 11. 6-10 are consistent with each other and with A D 221 (the year in which Africanus' Chronographiae duction, p. X V I I ) . ended and probably the date of its composition, see intro 6

^ y ' piexpi O i X i v o u , K a 9 '

6v undTEvov T p d r o c ; Za|3iviav6c;'Pci)paia)v K a i Z E X E U K O C ;

drto xcov T I E p i BpofjTTOv p s r a Touq (3aaiXlc; uTtaTEuaavrcov , U / K E ' KaTapiGpoupEVOt ETtl TO , \ | / K y ' E T O C ; T O U KOOpOU K a r d TOV AcppiKavdv, OTtEp rjv AvTOJVlVOU T O U 10 K a i A p i T o u TcopaicDv paaiXEcoc; E T O C ; y ' .

2s - > F54a,59s; T 5 4 f , 5 - 7 (ambo 907 anni)

5s

F54a,58 (24olym.)

6 - 1 0 > T I 1,5-7; F93,109s

5s cf. Eus., c a n . " 93,12-21 (01.24); Eus., chron. 88,25-28 (= Castor FGrHist 250 F4) (OI. 24) [AB] 4 Gelzer eviaucnaloi Moss. Eviauaiaicuv D i . Eviauaiaiv A B 7 ?)y'] ^ K y ' Goar
m

fjpx9r| B rjpx9ai A 8 ,VJKE'] ,i|n<C Gelzer

,6a)6'] ,6cua' 9 TO B TCI> A

| Ia|3ivLavdc B aaPiviavou A

10 Ap (TOU s c r i p s i m u s AuyEvrou A B Moss. A u y o u a T o u Goar Aueirou Seal. Routh Gelzer

162

Iulius Africanus

F54 The Rulers of the Athenians

163

T 5 4 e G e o r g i u s S y n c e l l u s (217,18s M o s s h a m m e r )

T54e

A 6 n v a i t o v KC,' Xa'.

epaoiAeuaev Apicppcov ctJepEKAeouc. Exr)

K',

Kara

6e

AcpptKavov Etr|

The 2 6

t h

r u l e r o f the A t h e n i a n s was Pherecles' s o n A r i p h r o n , f o r 20 years, b u t


1

a c c o r d i n g to Africanus 31 years.

= T49b * F54a,41 (20 anni in Eus., cit. in app. ad F54a) 2\a'] 30 F54a,41

T 5 4 f I o a n n e s M a l a l a s 4,6 ( 5 1 , 7 6 - 8 4 T h u r n )

T54f

E v Se role x p

v o l c

Ta

>v dpxovriov evopo9erei AGnvaiouc rtpdrroc dvopari ApdKcov, K a i per' aurov

In the time of the archons, a man named Draco first enacted laws for the Athenians. Solon, who came after him, abolished Draco's laws. Thales the Milesian enacted laws once more, and Aeschylus was the first king to rule over them again, for 21 years. After Aeschylus, Acmaeon was their king, for two years. The most learned Euripides published a drama about him. After Acmaeon there were 18 others kings, up to Arexion, who was their king for 12 years. T h e k i n g d o m o f t h e A t h e n i ans w a s a b o l i s h e d after l a s t i n g f o r 9 0 7 years, a c c o r d i n g t o t h e e x p o s i t i o n o f

I6X<ov, K a i SXuae TOUC, vopouc A p d K O v r o c Z6Xu>v. K a i rcdXiv evopoSernae 0aXfjc 6 MfXnoioc. K a i 7tctXiv eBaaiXEucrev aurcov rcpiiroc AiavuXoc, irr\ Ka', K a i perd AicrvuXov e|3aoiXeuaev aimSv A K p a l cuv ern 6uo- nepi o u EupmiSnc, 6 aocpuiraroc Spdpa e^eGero. K a i perd AKpaiovra e|3aaiXeuoav aurtov dXXoi irj' EOJC, ApeEitovoc,, 6c e|3aoiXuoev aurdjv Tn AOnvaicov, KpaTrjoaaa
EC;E9ETO.

K a i K a T E X u 9 r | f| PacTlXfiia T t u V

tr| ?)C, KaGcbc, A 9 p t K a v o c , 6 aocpcu-ratoc, v p o v o y p a 9 0 c ,

Africanus, the most learned chronographer.

2-5

F64c

5 - 7 F54d,2s; Io. Ant. fr. 24.4,4 (60 Ro.) K a i eKparnoe >

(sc. regnum Athenensium)

ra 7 t d v r a Irrj 3)nB' Is cf. C l e m . Alex., S t r o m . 1,16,79,6; Eus., c a n . " 978; 998; Cyr., c. Iul. 1,15; Sync. 253,29; Suda 1-4 cf. Exc. Eus. 139,12-18; Cedr. 145,17 - 146,1 3s AKpaiuiv OS1
H i

A p d K c u v A 1495; ZdXcuv Z 776 [OS1]

2 aXfjc D i . dXXnc O 3 ern Chilm. ETOC O | Kai O ev Kai pqvac i<7 Cedr. 4 aoipunraTOC + rtoir|Tf|c SI 6 ?)C] ^rif,' Io. Ant.

AXKpaiaiv Sync, ( i n app. ad F54a,50) 'EpuEjou Gelzer | iB' O t' SI

5 ApeE,uuvoc O Z a p o K a o v SI

T h e reference to Ariphron and the total years of his rule suggests that Africanus' chronicle included a complete list of Athenian rulers, see F54a, n. 1.

164 T55

Iulius Africanus

T55 The Chronology of the Floods among the Greeks

165

G e o r g i u s Syncellus ( 7 8 4 - 79,22 M o s s h a m m e r )

T55

The Chronology of the Floods

among the Greeks

( * F46,143s) ... 'OpoO drc' Apcbc Su>c MiccppaypouScuaecuc, dpxfjc K a r a AcppiKavov yivovrai err] ^8', T O U yap Apd>c ouS' 6XOJC elnev err].

Ei 5 ' a p a . y e K a r a rrjv EuoeBiou OTOixEicoorv ScbpEV K E ' ern T O U Apcbc K a i KC;' T O U MtocppaypouGcbaecoc, fj KaTa AcppiKavov K a i EuaeBiov s a o v r a i dno 5 dpxfjq Tfjc ei, Apcbc ecoc r e X o u c MiacppaypouOcboecoc fern pK', o a a K a i Tfjc, c'cofjc Mcouaecoc ne-

( F46,143f) ... Total from Amos to the rule of Misphragmuthosis according to Africanus 69 years. O f the length of Amos' rule, he said nothing at all.

L e t us, t h e n following Eusebius' calculation, ascribe 25 years to A m o s ' r e i g n a n d 2 6 years t o Misphragmuthosis'. F o l l o w i n g b o t h A f r i c a n u s a n d Eusebius, there w i l l thus be 120 years f r o m the b e g i n n i n g o f A m o s ' r u l e u p t o the e n d o f M i s p h r a g m u t h o s i s ' ; this we are assured was the length o f Moses' life. N o w h o w can i t be that f r o m t h e b e g i n n i n g o f Moses' rulethat is, f r o m the Exodus out o f E g y p t , i f we grant A f r i c a n u s ' o p i n i o n t h a t he left d u r i n g t h e reign o f A m o s , o r f r o m his y o u t h (this is also a d i l e m m a f o r A f r i c a n u s ) u p t o the death o f this same Moses, there o c c u r r e d t w o famous floods a m o n g t h e Greeks? I m e a n , o f course, the first f l o o d at the t i m e o f Ogygus i n A t t i c a a n d the one d u r i n g t h e t i m e o f D e u c a l i o n i n Thessaly, 248 years l a t e r t h i s later f l o o d u n q u e s t i o n a b l y o c c u r r i n g d u r i n g t h e r e i g n o f the indigenous Cranaus, the second k i n g o f A t h e n s . Let us grant t h a t Moses was b o r n at the t i m e o f A m o s , w h i c h is r o u g h l y c o n t e m p o r a r y w i t h t h e t i m e o f Inachus, a n d d i e d at the t i m e o f M i s p h r a g m u t h o s i s ; then the elapsed p e r i o d t u r n s o u t t o be m o r e t h a n double [his age at d e a t h ] .
This Africanus himself has attested in the beginning of his third book: From the time of Ogygus, because of the great destruction wrought by the flood, what is now Attica remained without a king for 189 years. Then Cecrops the Double-Natured, 50 years. After Cecrops, indigenous Cranaus, 9 years.

TtioTEUTai e l v a t . Kai ncbc e a r i S u v a r o v d n o Tfjc, dpvfjc Mcouaecoc,

EITOUV

A i y u n r o u nopeiac,, eav K a r a T 6 V Apcbc ScbpEV a u r o v ec,eXnXu0evai, cbc, AcppiKa-

vtp 6oiceI, fj a n d
10

Tfjc, veoTtyroc, cbc, auroc, SianopeT,

ECOC, T E X E U T T J C

auTou Mcouae
EV

coc; Toix; 6uo KaxaKXuapouc, nap' "EXXpai Beporipsvouc yeyovevai;

Aiyw 5f|

T O V

npcorov EntDyuYOU ev Tfj

ATTIKTJ

Kai

TOV

E n i AeuKaXicovoq

0TTaAia x p o v o i c , uaTepov apr|', dvapcpiXeKTcoc a u p B d v r a E n i K p a v a o u auTo^Govoc S e u r e p o u BaaiXecoc A9fjvr|aiv. iva yap 0 a i , orcep p & A A o v crupcpcovEi TTXV)Tr]Kvai, SmXouc 6
15
TOIC

im Apcbc, 6copv auTdv yEYEvfjaKai

'Ivdxou

xpdvoic,

ni Miacppa7pou0cbacoc

TCOV

xpovcov nXfiicov nscpuKEv dpi0poc.

'flq aur6<; AcppiKavoc pepap-rtpriKev ev dpxfl rou rpirou X6you eincovAnd pev 'flyuyoo 6 i a rpv drcd rou Karaio\uopou rco\Xf|v cpSopdv d(3aoiXeuroc, epeivev fj vuv ArrtKf) ereoiv p7t9'. EiTa KeKpof 6 5icpuijc erp v'. Kpavaoc. aiiroxQcov perd KeKporta err| 8'.

20

D p . o u yivovTai dno T O U E n i Xi-yuYOu KaTaKXuapou Eni K E K p o n a n p c o r o v


BaaiXea A O r j v n a i Kai
TOV

P E T ' a u r o v SsuTEpov K p a v a o v

exr\ apx\ . xa 8' ai>xa


Eni

Kai

dno

Tfjc e c p S o u

McouoEcoc K a i 'Iapaf|X ii A i y v n T o u

ECOC T O U

AEUKOXICOVOC

KaraKAuapofj ev eTTaXia.

A l t o g e t h e r f r o m the f l o o d at t h e t i m e o f Ogygus u p t o Cecrops the first k i n g o f A t h e n s a n d Cranaus the second k i n g after h i m , there are 248 years. T h i s same i n t e r v a l is also f r o m t h e E x o d u s o f Moses and Israel f r o m Egypt up to the f l o o d i n Thessaly at the t i m e o f D e u c a l i o n .
3-46 16s - F 3 4 ; F46.131-144; T47 =F34,71s 16-19 4-9 F34.75-86.96-102 10-14 T48; F50,3s; F54a,2-10 = F54b; -> F54a,2-10; Eus., chron. (85,15-17 Karst) Und nach Ogigos sei
1

von wegen der grofien Verwustung durch die Sintflut ohne Kdnigtum, sagen sie, gewesen das jetzt Attika genannte bis zu Kekrops, 190 (109 codd.) Jahre lang. 10-12 cf. M a r m . Par. FGrHist 239 A3s; Clem. Alex., strom. 1,21,136,4; Tat., orat. 39,2; Eus., can." 15-23 cf. Eus., chron. 85,15 - 86,23 (= Castor F G r H i s t 250 16s cf. Eel. Hist. 176,14-18; ps. Sym. f. 38' = Cedr. 143,10-14 2 0 - 23 cf. Sym. Log.

42; ps. Sym. f. 25" = Cedr. 26,15-27,2 F4); Io. Nic. 29

(Th. Mel. 26,27 - 27,2 = Leo Gr. 28,2-5 - Iul. Pol. 98,13s) [AB] 1 drc' Apicbc, ecuc. Moss, drcd pcuofaoc, AB erci Apcooecoc, rou Kai Di. 2 elrcev Goar" eirceiv A B
1

T h i s statement is not from Africanus, but from Syncellus. The sum of 248 years from the flood of Ogygus to the end of Cranaus does not fit with the information we have in F54a,4f, in T54c,4f (206 years from the flood of Ogygus to Cecrops + 50 years Cecrops + 9 years Cranaus = 267 years) and in F34,40f; see n. 3 to F54a and n. 1 to T54c. Syncellus may have arrived at the total of 248 years by confusing the date of the flood of Ogygus with the death of Ogygus 17 years later (189+ 50 + 9).

3 TOU A rep B 4 T O U A Tci) B | MiocppaypouSdioecuc, D i . piacppaypouSecoc; A B 5 MiacppaypouScoaecuc; Di. piocppaypou6eoc A piocppaypoOSecoc, B | pK' B K ' A TIDCAB OeiDC. B 11 K p a v a o u B Kpavdo A 6 enouv Di. rjrouv AB 8 aurdc, Goar a i i 1

13 MiocppaypouScOaecuc. Goar" acppaypouSecoc A piacppaypou20 drcd

16 A n o pevHyuyou] Merd Se "flyuyov F34.71 | ArriKr) + pexpi KeKponoc, F34.72

rou A 6:716 B 2 1 d9rjvr|ai B eni d6rjvr|Oi A

166

Iulius Africanus

T55 The Chronology of the Floods among the Greeks

167

"O te yap

eni

'QYUY

KaraKAuapdc, em opa>veu>c Kal Tfjc; an' AiyunTou TTO-

I t is r e c o r d e d b y this same A f r i c a n u s that the f l o o d at t h e t i m e o f O g y g u s oc c u r r e d d u r i n g t h e reign o f Phoroneus a n d the Exodus o f the people f r o m E g y p t . A n d Deucalion's flood, he says, o c c u r r e d d u r i n g the r e i g n o f Cranaus, the se c o n d k i n g o f A t h e n s , as has b e e n s h o w n f r o m his o w n w r i t i n g s . Therefore, he is n o t c o r r e c t i n saying that Deucalion's f l o o d o c c u r r e d d u r i n g the r e i g n o f M i s phragmufhosis. F o r after A m o s i s , w h o a c c o r d i n g t o b o t h Africanus a n d Eusebius was the first k i n g o f the 1 8
t h

peiac; TOU AaoO iaTopelTai TCO auTcu AcppiKavcb, K a l 6 km AEUKaAicovoc; eici K p a vaoii SeuTepou (3aaiAecoc; ASrjvnaiv, cbc; &K TCOV auTou auyypappdTcov dno6eSeiKTai. O U K dpa KaAtbc; em MiacppaypouGcbaecoc; T O V em AeuKaAicovoc; Xeyti KaTaKAuapov. 'O yap MiacppaypouBcoaic; psTd TOV 'Apcoaiv nparrov (3aaiAea KaT' auTOv K a i KaTa TOV EuaeBiov Tfjc; in' 6uvaaTtac; poXic, ns' xpdvoic, uarepov KaTaArjyEi. unoAeineTai 6rj Aomdv fjplv AoyifeaGai T6V em 'Oyuyou KaTaKAuapov im dKpifkaxepouc; eKTrertopeuTai Tfjc; AiyunTou ouv TCO Aacb. "Onep Acppucavoc;, auyyvcoTco poi, SiaTtopijaac; dvTi TOU em 'flyuyou T O V em AeuKaAicovoc; eipnKev eauTcb avTinintcov. Kai OUTCO pev ev TOUTCO SifjpapTev ou auAAoyiadpevoc; dKpiBcbc; O T I KeKpo\)/ 6 6icpuf)c; Kai Kpavaoc; oi rtpcbToi BaaiAeic; AGnvaicuv \iexa
"OYUYOV,

Mia-

dynasty, M i s p h r a g m u t h o s i s ended his r u l e scarcely 85 years

cppaypouOcbaecoc; yeyovEvai paAAov, ecp' ou K a i Mcouafjc; Ka9' f|pdc; Kai aAAouc;

later. T h e l o g i c a l r e m a i n i n g c o n c l u s i o n , t h e n , that we reach f r o m this is t h a t i t was r a t h e r O g y g u s ' flood t h a t o c c u r r e d d u r i n g the r e i g n o f M i s p h r a g m u t h o s i s ; a n d i n o u r o p i n i o n and t h a t o f o t h e r m o r e accurate h i s t o r i a n s , i t was d u r i n g his r e i g n t h a t Moses left Egypt w i t h his p e o p l e . T h u s , A f r i c a n u s m a y he excuse m e for saying t h i s f o u n d h i m s e l f i n a d i l e m m a a n d i n a s e l f - c o n t r a d i c t i o n asserted t h a t i t was Deucalion's f l o o d instead o f Ogygus'. A n d i n this p a r t i c u l a r matter, he thereby c o m m i t t e d an e r r o r ; for he d i d n o t d r a w the proper c o n c l u s i o n f r o m the fact t h a t Cecrops the D o u b l e - N a t u r e d a n d Cranaus, the first k i n g s after O g y g u s o f the A t h e n i a n s , i n w h o s e t i m e Deucalion's f l o o d d i d i n fact o c c u r i n Thessaly, were, as he h i m s e l f has attested, at least 150 years after M i s p h r a g m u t h o s i s .
2

ecp' cbv Kai 6 em AeuKaAicovoc; Y E Y

KaraKAuapdc; ev

eTTaAig, peTd MiacppaYpouGcoaiv ijoav xpovoic; uarepov TouAdxiaTov pv', cbq auToc, papTupcbv dTioSeSeiKTai. Za9ibc; 5f| EK Te TCOV Euaepiou TtapaAoYiapcbv Ttpoc; TOUC; PeArlovai; auTou, ok; avTirtiTtTcov dpaprupcoc; Td SoKouvTa aurcb auveYpa^ev, EK re TCOV AcppiKavcp AeAfiYpevcov, opOcbc; psv ev olc; eppapTupcoc; ei'pnKE Kara "Ivaxov Kai (&opcovea Yvea6ai Mcouaea, 6inTtopr|pevcoc; 6e ev olc; fj VEOV aurov em Aptbaioc; elvai KaTqvaYKaaGn Ttapd Tfjc; dAqGeiac; cpdvai ij TTJC; AIYUTTTOU eKTtopeuSfjvai, TtapeaTT] qptv O T I Eni MiacppaYpouGcbaEcuc; f)YijaaTO TOU Aaou, TOU Kai Apcbaioc;, Kai oti en' auTou Kai 6 Eni ' Q Y Y
V 0 1 )

So t h i s is clear: (i) c o m p a r e d w i t h h i s superiors, Eusebius' r e a s o n i n g was de fective, a n d i n c o n t r a d i c t i n g t h e m he r e c o r d e d o p i n i o n s w i t h o u t evidence; ( i i ) w h a t A f r i c a n u s said is accurate, i n t h a t he has evidence i n s u p p o r t o f h i s state m e n t t h a t Moses was c o n t e m p o r a r y w i t h Inachus a n d P h o r o n e u s . B u t he f o u n d h i m s e l f i n a d i l e m m a , i n t h a t he was f o r c e d b y the t r u t h t o say t h a t d u r i n g the r e i g n o f A m o s i s , Moses was either s t i l l a y o u t h , o r t h a t he left f r o m E g y p t . F r o m these t w o p o i n t s , we have d e m o n s t r a t e d t h a t Moses was leader o f his people d u r i n g the r e i g n o f M i s p h r a g m u t h o s i s , also k n o w n as A m o s i s , a n d t h a t i t was d u r i n g h i s r e i g n that Ogygus' f l o o d o c c u r r e d .

YY

KaraKAuapoc;.

24s

->F34,26-29.38-40.96-102;T48;F50a,5-7 4 1 - 4 4 F46.132-135

27s

et 34s F46,141s

29s

- F46.I31-144

40-42-T46a.b

45s - T47.21-23

24s cf. Sync. 1 7 3 , 1 3 - 1 7

2 4 - 2 8 cf. Eus., chron. 86,15-22; Eus., can." 12,17s; Sync. 184,10s 2 O n the synchronism of Deucalion's flood with the reign of Misphragmuthosis, see Africanus' version of Manetho (F46,141f). But cf. T36, where Syncellus states that Africanus dated Deuca lion's flood in the 70
th

27 uic9payu.ou9u)CTeu)c, A uia9pcryuou8eiD<; B 30 rte' xpovoic, B KZ' xpovouq A B SeuKoAicovoc; A 38 rjacrv B p y o u v A


m

34s erti SeuKaAiaivoq 37 <Lv B 6v A

35 eipnKev G o a r eipnKevai A B | avTinircTcov A dvTi7tir(Tov B 40 aurou B auriliv A 42 XeAeypEvajv B Xeyopevcuv A

year of Ehud. For discussion of Africanus' dating of the flood of

Deucalion, see above T36, n. 1; Gelzer l,120.127f; Adler/Tuffin 2002,101, n. 1.

168 F56

Iulius Africanus

F56 Atlas and Prometheus F56 Atlas and Prometheus

169

G e o r g i u s Syncellus ( 1 7 5 , 3 - 1 5 M o s s h a m m e r )

AcppiKavoOKaXXiGuia neipavtoc;
EV

From Africanus: 'Apyet

Ttpctrrov

iepdreuae Tfjc/'Hpac,.

T O U T O I C , TOIC,

Peiras' d a u g h t e r C a l l i t h u i a began t h e p r i e s t h o o d o f H e r a i n A r g o s . A t t h i s time, A t l a s the b r o t h e r o f Prometheus a c h i e v e d w i d e n o t i c e as a n o u t s t a n d i n g astrologer, so t h a t o n a c c o u n t o f his k n o w l e d g e i t was r e p o r t e d t h a t he c a r r i e d the heaven itself. B u t E u r i p i d e s states t h a t M o u n t A t l a s rises above the c l o u d s . This man was flourishing at the time of Gothoniel, as all the historians who belong to our d o c trine attest, including Africanus, who says: T h e Curetes f r o m Cureteia ( n o w k n o w n as Acarnania) a n d t h e C o r y b a n t e s i n h a b i t e d C n o s s u s , a n d they discovered t h e a r t of c o - o r d i n a t i n g t h e m o v e m e n t o f m e n u n d e r a r m s . A t t h i s t i m e , Syrus is r e p o r t e d t o have b e e n i n d i g e n o u s l y b o r n , after w h o m Syria is n a m e d . O t h e r s s a y that i t was 100 years earlier. There are s i m i l a r l y d i v e r g e n t reports a b o u t b o t h Prometheus a n d E p i m e t h e u s , i n a d d i t i o n t o A t l a s , as w e l l as b o t h a l l - s e e i n g

Xpovoic, A x X a c , 6 npounfjeux; d6e\96c, apiaToc, daTpoXoyoc, 6ieXa|iTtev, eic, ETUcjTi](j.nc, 5


EVEKEV TOV

o u p a v d v a u T o v cpepeiv TtecprjpioTai. Eupim5r|c, Se

TOV

ArXav-

Ta 6 poc, e l v a i cpijoiv u7iepv9ec,. OUTOC. K a x d roue xpdvouc ro8ovif|X fJKpaCev, cue, paprupouai TtdvTEC oi E K TOU Ka9' ijpdc Xdyou iaropiKoi,
tv

ole

Kai

AcppiKavoc. cpnoiv o i

dno Tfjc;

KoupiytEiac, Tfjc, vOv AKapvaviac,

Koupfjxsc; K a i KopuBavrec, K v c o a a o v WKiaav, o i Eupovrec..


10 T O U T O I C , TOIC, SE

xpovoic, Supoc, ioTopeirai

xryv ev orcXoic, d3pu9pov Kivr)aiv yEyovEvai yriyEvrjc,, o u ETCCOVUSE

poc, rj S u p i a . dXXoi

TtpoTEpov E T E O I V

p'. K a i nspi Ilpopr|6u)c,

Kai'ETTipnBEtoc,

T O auTo Sia9opcoc; i c r r o p o u a i Kai A T X a v r o c ; A p y o u T E T O U FlavoTTTOu Kai lout; Tfjc, IlpopriGecoc, 9uyaTpoc,. oi pv ydp O T I Katd K f i K p o n a T O V Sitpufj y E y o v a a i v , 01 S '

OTI TtpOTEpOV E T E O I V

i ; ' , dXXoi

SE

p'.

Argus a n d I o , t h e d a u g h t e r o f Prometheus. S o m e say t h a t t h e y w e r e c o n t e m p o r a r y w i t h C e c r o p s t h e D o u b l e - N a t u r e d ; o t h e r s t h a t t h e y were 60 years e a r l i e r , others 90 years e a r l i e r .


1

2 Eus., c a n .
Hi d

H i e r

(37 Helm) In Argis primus sacerdotio functus est Callithias, PirantisyJ/ius.

2 - 5 Eus.,

c a n . " (37 H e l m ) Allans, frater Promethei, praecipuus astrologus fuit. Q u i ob eruditionem disciplinae etiam caelum sustinere dictus est. Euripides autem montem esse altissimum adfirmat, qui Atlans v o c e t u r . Exc. Barb. (228,12-15 Frick) Atlas autem, Promitheus frater, amabilis astrologus fulgebat: per disciplinam eius et caelum illi fertur deponi. Euripidus autem poeta super nubes dixit Atlatum esse. E e l . Hist. (188,7-9 Cramer) A r X a c Se peyiaroq dorpoAo-yoc Sie(pnuiC,ero- e7tiaTijpr|c Si eveKCL cpepeiv CCUT6V ijzi Tfjc. KE<paXfjq TOV oupavdv ioropovciv. armis saltationem repperere. 6s = T 5 6 a 7 - 9 Eus., c a n . " (428
Hl

H e l m ) Curetes et Corybantes Cnosson condiderunt, qui modulatam et inter se concinentem in 9s Eel. Hist. (187,28 Cramer) Kara TOVTOV (SC. Iosue) i o T o p e i r a i yeHier

yovevai Zupoc, ou ij l u p i a encivupoc. Eus., c a n .


e

(38 Helm, ante Moysis tempora) His regnan1 0 - 1 3 > F34,

tibus Syrus fuisse perhibetur indigena, ex cuius vocabulo Syria nomen accepit.

89.103s; Eus., can." (40 Helm, in tempore infantiae Moysis) Q u i d a m scribunt Prometheum et Epimetheum et Adantem fratrem Promethei et Argum cuncta cernentem et Io filiam Promethei his fuisse temporibus, alii uero aetate Cecropis, nonnulli ante Cecropem annis L X siue nonaginta. 12 F54a,6s 2 - 4 cf. Diod. Sic. 3,60,2; Io. Mai. 4,3; Io. Ant. fr. 1 0 - 1 3 cf. Io. Mai. 4,3; Io. Ant. fr. 24.1; 1 Africanus reports conflicting traditions about the date of Prometheus. For Prometheus as a contemporary of Cecrops, see F54a,6f (with n. 5 ad l o c ) ; the same notice puts the beginning of Cecrops' rule 206 years after the Exodus (= A M 3913). Elsewhere (F34,103f), Africanus mentions an opposing tradition dating Prometheus 94 years after the Exodus (= A M 3801). This date is consistent with 1. 6f above, according to which Prometheus' brother Atlas was a contemporary of Gothoniel, the judge of Israel about 100 years after the Exodus.

2 cf. Eus., praep. ev. 3,8,1 (= Plut., de Daed. Plat.) 24.1 4s E u r i p i d e s T G F r 1116

7 - 9 cf. Diod. Sic. 5,65,2-4

Eel. Hist. 188,3s (ambo in tempore presbyterorum); Exc. Barb. 228,6-9; A n o n . Matr. 14,8-11 [A B
( l 7

1 3 )

] 2 KaXXiOuia rieipavTOC G o a r KaXXiOuoia ondpavroc A cf. Callithias Hier. | iepdrEUOE 5 cpqoiv Seal, cpaoiv A 6 roSovrnX Di. ya6ovuiX A 7 ev ole incipit B post 11 Apyou Seal, d p 8 Kvcuerodv D i . K v c i o o v AB | ciKioav Seal. t p K n o a v A B

Seal. k p a T E u a a i A

unum folium omissum

yoc A d p y o u c B l i s Apyou... fluyarpoc Routh - (A. TE Kai'I. T. n . 9. K a i n . ) A B 13 o l d ' B odd' A

170

Iulius Africanus

F56 Atlas and Prometheus

171

T 5 6 a G e o r g i u s Syncellus (175,7s M o s s h a m m e r ) [* F56,5) . . . Ouroc, (sc. Atlas) Kcvrd o-iv F56,7)


TOUC,

T56a (* F56.5) . . . T h i s m a n (sc. Atlas) was f l o u r i s h i n g at the t i m e o f G o t h o n i e l , as all t h e h i s t o r i a n s w h o b e l o n g to o u r d o c t r i n e attest, i n c l u d i n g A f r i c a n u s , w h o says: . . . ( * F56,7)

xpovouc, roGoviqA fJKuatev, cbc, pap-

rupouai TtavTec, oi E K T O U Ka0' tjudc; Xoyou iaropiKoi, ev olc, Kai AcppiKavoc, cpn. . . ( -

F34,103s [AB *] 1 ToGoviqA. D i . ya9ovin\ A 2 ev olc incipit B post unum folium omissum
2

T57

The Years from Inachus to

Cecrops

N o w a c c o r d i n g to Eusebius' o w n system, Inachus preceded Cecrops b y 300 years a n d i n this calculation he r o u g h l y approximates A f r i c a n u s . T57 G e o r g i u s Syncellus (75,13-15 M o s s h a m m e r )
SE
1

"Ivaxoc,

Kaxd rf|v EuoEpUou

CTOVGEOIV E T E O T

rptaKoaioic, TtpoTEpEust KEKportoc,-

F58 F58a
2

The Kings of the

Lacedaemonians

ourco S E axeSdv K a i Kara T O V AcpptKavov.

- > F34.53-56; F50,3s.26-31; F54a,4s.47 2 cf. E x c . Eus. 134,6-10; Eus., c a n .


H i e t

The chronology of the kingdom of the Lacedaemonians

27,10-13; 41,6-9; Eel. Hist. 175,17-23

T h e Lacedaemonians r e i g n e d for 325 years, and came to a n e n d i n the


3

first with

O l y m p i a d , w h i c h o c c u r r e d d u r i n g the r e i g n o f Ahaz, k i n g o f Judah, i n the days of Isaiah the


4

prophet. O n e

can

t h u s k n o w that

t h e i r r u l e began

Eurystheus.

I n the 2 0

t h

year o f Saul, t h e k i n g s o f the Lacedaemonians began t h e i r rule,


5

a n d c a m e t o an e n d i n the first year o f A h a z , k i n g o f Judah, at w h i c h t i m e the first O l y m p i a d was i n t r o d u c e d b y the Greeks.

F58
F 5 8 a E x c e r p t a B a r b a r i ( 3 0 4 , 1 - 2 4 Frick)

From the preserved material the time-span from Inachus to Cecrops can be calculated with precision: 105 years from 1 Inachus to 55 Phoroneus (= the date of the Exodus, F50.3-7) + 206 years from 55 Phoroneus to 1 Cecrops (F54a,4f) = 311 years.

2 Tempora regni Lacedemoniorum

T h i s excerpt contains the characteristic elements of Africanus' system. For Africanus' synchro nization of 1 Ahaz with Ol. 1.1 (1. 2), see also F64a.b. The 325-year duration of the Lacedaemo nian kingdom found in 1. 2 also reflects Africanus' reckoning, as it is reported in Malalas (F58b,6f). For other features of this list consistent with Africanus' chronology, see n. 5 below. For the attribution of this list to Africanus, see also Frick 1880,8f; Gelzer 1,141-144.

R e g n a u e r u n t et L a c e d e m o n i i per annos C C C X X V et defecerunt i n p r i m a o l y m p i a d a quae f a c t a est sub A c h a z regem I u d a e i n diebus Esaiae p r o p h e t a e , sicut s c i r e n t e o r u m i n i t i u m ab E r y s t h e u m i n i t i a t u m . 5 A n n o u i s e s i m o Sahul initiauerunt L a c e d e m o n i o r u m reges, et defecerunt i n anno p r i m o A c h a z r e g i I u d e , i n q u o tempore p r i m a o l y m p i a d a a Grecis adducta est.
5 3 4

Since O l . 1,1 is A M 4727, the date of the beginning of the Lacedaemonian kingdom 325 years earlier would be A M 4402. T h e meaning of the Latin text is unclear. Cf. Gr. (Frick): cbc; eiSevcu auxiBv dp^nv dno Eiipua9eu>c dpcripevnv. T h i s information reflects Africanus' chronology: From the Exodus, Africanus counts 675 years to the first year of the reign of Saul (40 years for Moses after the Exodus + 25 years for Joshua + 30 years for the elders after Joshua + 490 years for the judges + 90 years for Eli and Samuel, F34.61-65), therefore 695 years to 20 Saul. O n the other hand, there are 1020 years from the Exodus to 1 Ahaz (= Ol. 1,1), F34,68f. The difference of 325 is the number given here for the duration of the Lacedaemonian kingdom.

2 - 4 - F59a,5-7

2s et 6 - F64a.b 5 F34.66; F35.1; F59a,20s; F59b,ls


Hier

5s cf. Eus., c h r o n . 105,30s; 106,17s; Eus., c a n .

86

172

Iulius Africanus

F58 The Kings of the Lacedaemonians

173

{ I . } I l i a a u t e m s i n g i l l a t i m r e g n o r u m haec. I I . E r y s t h e u s ann. X L I I . I I I . E g e u s ann. I I . 10 I I I I . Echestratus ann. X X X I I I I . L a b o t u s ann. X X X V I I . "V. D o r y s t h e u s a n n . X X V I I I I . V I . A g i s i l a u s ann. X X X . V I I . Cemenelaus ann. X L I I I I . 15 V I I I . Archelaus ann. L X . V i l l i . Celeclus a n n . X L . X . Alcamanus ann. X X V I I . { X I . A u t o m e d u s ann. X X V . }

{1.} T h e i r r e i g n s o n e after the o t h e r are t h e f o l l o w i n g : 2. E u r y s t h e u s , 42 years. 3. A g i s , 2 years. 4. Echestratus, 34 years. Labotes, 37 y e a r s .


6

5. D o r y s t h e u s , 2 9 years. 6. Agesilaus, 30 years. 7. A n d M e n e l a u s , 4 4 years. 8. A r c h e l a u s , 60 years. 9. Teleclus, 4 0 years. 10. A l c a m e n e s , 27 years. { 1 1 . A u t o m e d u s , 25 years.}
8 7

Simul reges Lacedemioniorum permanserunt in regno annos C C C L . Et Lacedemoniorum regnum 20 dissipatum est.

Altogether the kings of the Lacedaemonians remained in power for 350 years. And the kingdom o f the Lacedaemonians was destroyed.

8-12

Sync. (209,2-12 Moss.), cf. Eus., chron. (105,24-27 Karst) et can. (armen. 174-176 Karst; a' iBaoiXevcrev EupuoOeuc, erq up" (= Eus.). rov Si Kdopov Kai TlpoKXfjq Znaprnq ixparrjoav. irr\ Xe' (= can.*"", 31 chron., can. "). rov Se tcoopov fjv
Hl

Hier. 66,9-11; 68,19s; 68,22s; 70,22s; 72,22s Helm) AaKeSaipoviiov Evpvcrfovq AaKeSaipoviiov AaKeSaipoviiov eroq ,Sv(,q'. AaKeSoupovicov 8' iBaoiXevoe AaBdVrnc, err\ XC (= Eus.). rov Se Kdopov fjv eroq ,S<pa'. AaKeSaipoviiov ,8cpXrj'. 13-17 Sync. (217,22 - 218,7 Moss.), cf. Eus., chron. (105,28s Karst) et can. (armen. 178-180 Karst; c' iBaoiXevoev Ayr|oiXaoc, err\ pS'{= Eus.). roti Si Kdopov fjv eroq ,Sf^('. f' eBaoiXevoev ApxeXaoc'irr\q' (= Eus.). roO Si Kdopov fjv eroq ,Sxia'. rj' iBaoiXevoe TfjAeKAoc, ern p' (= Eus.).TOUSi Kdopov fjv eroq ,(5voa'.
5

fjv eroq ,SvKy'.

p" i/tooiXevoev Ayic, iroq a' (= Eus.). rod Se Kdopov fjv eroq ,Sv(,e'. y' i&aaiXevaev'Ey^orparoq

e' iBaoiXevoe A6puo6oc, err| K0' (= chron., can. ",- can." "), rov St Kdopov fjv eroq

Hi

Hier. 74,16s; 77,14s; 81,8s; 83,21-23 Helm) AaKeSaipoviiov AaKeSaipoviiov AaKeSaipoviiov AaKeSaipoviwv reXevraioq

8' eBaoiXevoev AXicapevnc, ern XC (= can."; 38 chron.; 37 can." "), ovroq eon rfjq npiiirnq o'wiaq. rfjq Si Sevrepaq okiaq Kara roiiq avroiiq xpdvovq iBaoiXev6 7 8 The omission of a number for the reign of Labotus was probably intended to correct the error committed at the beginning of the list. Cemenelaus is a misunderstanding of Kai MeveXaoq. The name Automedus, unknown in parallel lists of Lacedaemonian kings, has probably been mistakenly transferred from the list of the kings of Corinth (Automenus in F59a,10). 9 The number of 350 years can also be found i n Eusebius (can."" 181,1) and Syncellus (218,19f). However, it presupposes that the reign of the Lacedaemonians continued under king Alcamenes some time after Ol. 1,1, which is i n contrast with Africanus' opinion (11.2f).

oocv Sk; fiamXeiq. rov Si Koopov fjv eroq ,Stjna'. AnoXXoScopoq AvKOvpyov vdpipa ev rib n' 'AXKapevovq. ev AaKeSaipovia np&roq efopoq Karzoradf]. 8-18 cf. E u s . , reg. s e r . "
men

150; Eus., reg. ser. " 26s; Eus., chron. 106,7-16; Chron. Synt. 88; Diod.

Hi

Sic. 7,8,1 = Apollodorus FGrHist 244 F62; Cedr. 215,23 - 216,2 19 cf. Mich. Syr. 4,15 14 Cemenelaus] K a i MeveXaoc, Gelzer 1,142 18 delevimus, cf. Gelzer 1,141.146

174

Iulius Africanus

F58 The Kings of the Lacedaemonians

175

F 5 8 b I o a n n e s M a l a l a s 4,20 ( 6 5 , 3 7 - 4 0 T h u r n ) 'Ev auToic, 5e


TOIC;

F58b
TU>V

xpovoic, eBaaiXeuoev

AaKsSaipovitov

npcbToc; E u -

I n these times, Eurystheus was t h e first k i n g o f the L a c e d a e m o n i a n s , for 4 2 years. A n d there were another eight k i n g s after h i m . A l t o g e t h e r t h e y r e i g n e d f o r 246 years. A n d A l c a m e n e s was k i n g for 37 years.

puaSsuc; err] pp", K a i dXXot BaaiXeic; p e t ' a u t o v n ' , o p o u EpaaiXsuaav sxn ape;', Kal'6 AXKapevnc; Etn X('. K a i KatEavEv fj B a a i X e i a AaKsSatpovitov t d 7tdvxa Etn T K E ' ,
cbc AcppiKavoc 6 oocpebxatoe auveypd\|/aTO.

T h e k i n g d o m o f the Lacedaemonians lasted a t o t a l o f 325 years,


as Africanus the most wise has recorded.

1-5

Iul. Pol. (102,10s Hardt) To> id' era <t>v\i<maiiov rjp&v fj AaKe5aipovicov SaaiAtia im ttr\ TKS',

f)q 7tpd)Toc /iao"iAt>crv'Epua8uc. 1 - 5 cf. Cedr. 215,23 - 216,2; Mich. Syr. 4,15 [OS1] 1 - 2 Eiipuaeeuc Cedr. Di.'Epuo6uc OS1 3 r f O S l C Di. 4 AAxapEvnc Chilm. Gelzer 'AXxpaivoc 0 AAKEPECOV SI 5 T K E ' OS1 Exc. Barb. (= F58a,2) 350 Exc. Barb. (= F58a,20)

F59

The Kings of the


1

Corinthians

F59
F 5 9 a E x c e r p t a B a r b a r i (304,25 - 306,22 F r i c k )
Corinthinorum reges et tempora

F593

The kings and chronology of the Corinthians

T h e k i n g d o m o f the C o r i n t h i a n s was established i n the s e c o n d year o f Eurys t h e u s , k i n g o f the Lacedaemonians. I t lasted for 323 years. Since, t h e n , the Lace d a e m o n i a n s were c o n t e m p o r a n e o u s w i t h t h e m , they c o m p l e t e d the passage o f these 323 years d u r i n g the years w h e n the C o r i n t h i a n k i n g s h e l d p o w e r . W h e n E u r y s t h e u s was i n the second year o f his reign over the L a c e d a e m o n i a n s , Aletes was t h e first t o b e c o m e k i n g o f the C o r i n t h i a n s . A n d those w h o succeeded h i m t o r u l e w e r e the f o l l o w i n g :
1 T h e attribution to Africanus is not as certain as the previous list. However, the synchronization with Hebrew history at the end gives good reasons to think that it goes back to him as well, see below notes 3-5, cf. also Frick 1880,9f and Gelzer 1,146-150. Gr. (Frick): rcb ai>T<j>... X P ^ ouyxpoviaavTEc. In Africanus' chronology there are 696 years from the Exodus to 2 Eurystheus (see above F58, n. 5). Together with the 323 years of the Corinthians' kingdom, the end of their reign would be 1019 years after the Exodusexactly one year before Ol. 1,1 (1020 years from the Exodus to Ol. 1,1, F34,68f), which was the last year of Jotham's reign, see below n. 5.
0

Corinthinorum

r e g n u m s t a b i l i t u m est s e c u n d o a n n o E r y s t h e i regi L a c e d e m o -

n i o r u m . P e r m a n s i t a u t e m per annos C C C X X I I I . E o d e m uero t e m p o r a e L a c e d e m o n i i c o n g r e g a n t e s c o n m u t a u e r u n t illos t r i c e n t o s X X I I I annos, quos o b t i n u erunt C o r i n t h i n o r u m regnauerunt. reges. Erystheo r e g n a n t e L a c e d e m o n i o r u m a n n o s e c u n d o p r i m u s A l i t u s , et q u i s e q u u n t u r post h a e c sic regnauit a u t e m C o r i n t h i n o r u m

2-7-+

F58a,2-4.9
1 Hier

2 3 30; Chron. Synt. 88; Cedr. 216,6-8; Mich. Syr. 4,15

1-22 cf. Eus., reg. s e r . " 150; Eus., reg. ser. 3 C C C X X I I I ] 313 Io. Mai. (= F59b,7)

176 I . A l i t u s ann. X X X V . I I . E x i u s ann. X X X V I I . 10 I I I . A g e l a u s ann. X X X I I I . I I I I . P r y m n u s ann. X X X V . V. B a c c h u s a n n . X X X V . V I . A g e l a s ann. X X X I I I I . V I I . E u m i d u s ann. X X V . 15

Iulius Africanus

F59 The Kings of the Corinthians

177

1. A l e t e s , 35 years. 2. I x i o n , 37 years. 3. Agelas, 33 years. 4. P r y m n e s , 35 years. 5. B a c c h i s , 35 years. 6. Agelas, 3 4 years. 7. E u d e m u s , 25 years. 8. A r i s t o m e d e s , 35 years. 9. A g e m o n , 16 years. 10. A l e x a n d e r , 25 years. 11. Telestes, 9 years. 12. A u t o m e n e s , 4 years.

V I I I . Aristomidus ann. X X X V . V i l l i . Igemonius ann. X V I . X. A l e x a n d e r ann. X X V . X I . Telestus ann. V i l l i . X I I . A u t o m e n u s ann. I I I I .

20

H i i C o r i n t h i n o r u m reges sub a n n o t r i c e s i m o p r i m o S a h u l i s r e g i I u d a e i n i t i a u e r u n t , et d e f e c e r u n t a n n o q u i n t o d e c i m o r e g n i I o a t h a m f i l l O z i a e , p a t r i autem A c h a z regis I u d a e .

These C o r i n t h i a n k i n g s b e g i n their r e i g n i n t h e 3 1 A n d they ceased t h e i r r u l e i n the 1 5 a n d father o f A h a z , k i n g o f Judah.


th 5

s t

y e a r o f Saul, k i n g o f J u d a h .

y e a r o f t h e r e i g n o f Jotham, son o f U z z i a h

8-13

Sync. (210,25 - 211,5 Moss.), cf. etiam Eus., chron. (104,6-18; 104,35 - 105,4 Karst = Sync.

209,20-29; 2 1 0 , 1 0 - 1 6 Moss.) (= Diod. Sic. 7,9 = Apollodorus FGrHist 244 F331) et can. (armen. 174-178 Karst; Hier. 66,9-11; 68,8s; 70,10s; 72,12s; 74,16s; 76,25s Helm) Kopivdicov o' tBueiAzvazv AXqtqc ETq An' (= chron.; 35 can.), rov Si KOOUOV fjv ETOC,SvKy''.
Hler

Kopivdicov B' iBaaiAzvozvlqictiv ETT| An' (= chron., c a n .

, 37 can." " ), rov Si KOOUOV fjv iroq,Sv(ft'.


Hier

Kopivdicov y' iBccaiAzvozv AytXaq trr\ Ac' (37 Eus.). roO Si Kooitov fjv iroq ,Svo8'. Kopivdicov 5' iBacriAevoe ripuuvnc, ivr\ X E ' ( = chron., c a n . Kopivdicov e' iBcxoiAzvoz B&KXIC. ETT) X E ' ( = chron., c a n . , 37can. ""), rot) Si KOOUOV fjv iroq,S<pAS'.
armen 1 H,er

, - can.

) . ap' ov oi uzrd avrbv BaoiAziq

iKAfjdnoav BctKxiScu. rov Si KOOUOV fjv iroq ,8cpt;d'. Kopivdicov q' zBaoiAzvozv kyiXaq ETq A' (= Eus.). rov Si KOOUOV fjv iroq ,SxS'. 14-19 S y n c . (218,9-22 Moss.), cf. Eus. (Sync. [209,29 - 210,4 Moss.] Eus., chron. [104,19-26 Karst]) (= D i o d . Sic. 7,9 = Apollodorus F G r H i s t 244 F331) et can. (armen. 178-184 Karst; Hier. 79,1s; 80,10s; 82,15s; 83,16s; 85,3s; 85,21-23 Helm) Kopivdicov ' iBccaiAzvozv Ei55qpoc, I r q K E ' (= Eus.). rov Si KOOUOV fjv iroq ,c5vA5'. Kopivdicov q' iBocaiAzvazv ApioropqSqc. ETq AC' (= Eus.). rov Si KOOUOV fjv iroq ,Sxvd'. Kopivdicov 8' iBccaiAzvozv Ayrjpcov ETT| IC/ ( = chron., c a n . Kopivdicov i' iBaaiAtvotv Kopivdicov id' iBaoiAtvai Kopivdicov iB' iBaoiAtvazv avoioi npvrdveiq,
Mer

, - can."" ). roO Si KOOUOV f\v iroq ,SXQ&'. ,Sfi'. iroq,8yAz'. 4 Emended by Frick to 21 Saul. According to 1. 2, the kingdom of the Corinthians began in the second year of the reign of the Lacedaemonian king Eurystheus. If 1 Eurysfheus = 20 Saul (see F58.4), the Lacedaemonian kingdom would have begun in the 21 year of Saul's reign. 5 20 tricesimo primo] uicesimo primo More precisely, 16 Jotham. According to F 58a,2-6, the Lacedaemonian kingdom lasted 325 years from 20 Saul to 1 Ahaz (= Ol. 1,1). Beginning in 21 Saul, the 323 years of the Corinthian kingdom would thus have ended one year before the beginning of Ahaz' reign (= 16 Jotham, I V Regn 15,33), cf. Frick 1880,9.
st

AXE^avSpoc, 2rn KE' (= Eus.). TOU Si KOOUOV fjv iroq TEX^ornq 2rr| ifi' (= Eus.). TOO Si KSOUOV fjv

AuTopevr|c 'iroq v (= Eus.). Toti St KSOUOV fjv iroq,Syu(,'.

Oi AaKzScauovicov BaoiAzlq Kai oi Kopivdicov icoq rovSz rov xpovov SifjpKzoav irzoi T V ' , uzd' oiq ivicbq uzv rivzq, ini AioxvAov dpxovroq Kai rfjq npcornq 'OAvumaSoq, cbq Si. zrzpoi, uzra ravra, cbq npoKZirai. 20s -> F34.66; F35.1; F58a,5 21 - > T64d,ls; T64e,ls 19 I I I I ] 1 Sync. Io. Mai. (= F59b,6) 25 Exc. Barb. (= F58a,18) Frick 21 quinto decimo] an sexto decimo legendum?

178

Iulius Africanus

F59 The Kings of the Corinthians

179

F 5 9 b I o a n n e s M a l a l a s 4,20

(65,41 - 66,46 T h u r n )

F59b

M s r d S E ' H X E I T O V rcpocpfJTnv Tciv'Ioudaicov rtpiiToc. E(3a0iXUCEV rav'Ioudaiuiv EaouX, 6 ToO K i c , EK ouAfjc Bsviapiv, ETT) K', EV ra(3au)v xf\ TTOXEL.

After Eli the prophet of the Jews, the first to reign over the Jews was Saul, the son of Kish, from the tribe of Benjamin; he reigned for 20 years in the city of Gabaon.

Tcl>v 6e K o p t v O i t o v u e t a TOUC; ActKESatpoviouc; eBaaiAsuae T O T S AArJTTji; Kai 5 Kai a X X o i BaaiAElc; i a ' ETtj aoC,

exr\

AE',

A f t e r the

L a c e d a e m o n i a n s , A l e t e s was

at that t i m e k i n g o f the

Corinthians,

f o r 35 years. T h e r e w e r e a n o t h e r 11 k i n g s f o r 277 years. S u b s e q u e n t l y , A u t o m e d o n was k i n g for one year. T h e k i n g d o m o f the C o r i n t h i a n s l a s t e d a t o t a l o f 313 years.

uoTEpov

eBaaiXeuoev <AuTopeSu>v> ETOC; a'. Tiy'.

KaT0"xev 6e rj BaoLAeia KoptvOicov T d TtdvTa ETq

I s F34.66; F 3 5 , l ; F 5 8 a , 5 Is cf. C h r o n . Pasch. 155,20s; Georg. Mon. 165,15 - 166,4; Sym. Log. (Leo Gr. 30,4-8 = T h . Mel. 3 - 6 cf. Cedr. 216,7s; Mich. Syr. 4,15 5 AUTopSu>v SI < O Airfopevric C h i l m . (sicut i n F60 The First Festival of Olympian Zeus

28,12-16 = Iul. P o l . 104,2-5) [OS1] 2 K' O p' S I

3 AXnrric SI C h i l m . AXETnc O

Sync.) | a ' OS1 S y n c . 4 Exc.

Barb. (= F59a,19) 6 try' OS1323 E x c . Barb. (= F59a,3)

F60

I o a n n e s M a l a l a s 4,20 ( 6 6 , 4 7 - 5 3 T h u r n )

I n the

t i m e o f Saul, the

p e o p l e o f Pisa devised the

first

contest o f the

Olympic

f e s t i v a l , c e l e b r a t i n g at t h a t t i m e the u n i v e r s a l festival o f O l y m p i a n Zeus. The most 'Ev roic, x p o v o i c , xov T 6 T E TT\\I ZaovX ETtEvonoav rtpcoTov dycova oi L l i a a l o i 'OXupnicov, learned Africanus wrote about this in his chronicle. At that time Samuel the prophet became priest of the Jews. At God's command he appointed David, the son of Jesse, king of the Jewish people.

Eopxrjv

ETCITEAEoavrEC; Tf)v KoapiKr)v TCO Aii'OAuuTucp, mpi u>v 6 aocpiiTaroc

AippiKavdc ExpovoypdqjnoEV. 'Ev auTcp 6e TO) Kaip<I) EYEVETO tEpEuc, TtiJv'IouSauuv ZapoufjX 6 Ttpo9fJTr](;- Kai 7ipop\xX.TO Kard 5 KEXEUOIV 6EO0 p a o i X E a rdv Aa|3i6 TOU 'Ioudai'KoO gflvouc., T6V uldv TOU 'IEOCOI.

l - 3 - * F 3 4 , 9 1 s ; F65.11-13 I s cf. Cedr. 2 1 6 , 3 - 6 fe Malala) [OS1] 1 ITiaaaToi O corr. D i . 2 KoopiKf]v O ' P u p a i K i i v SI 4 TCpoe|3dXXTO O corr. D i . So the kingdom of Thebes, or the Boeotians, which had lasted for 369 years, came to an end. A l l that has been mentioned above the most learned Palaephatus has described truthfully. The most T61 I o a n n e s M a l a l a s 2,17 (38,1-6 T h u r n ) learned Euripides wrote a play in poetry about Oedipus, Jocaste and the Sphinx. A f r i c a n u s , l e a r n e d c h r o n o g r a p h e r , has Kai EXUOT) rj PaaiXEfa TOIV cSnfJcov, fJTOi BOIIUTIDV, K a t a a x o u a a ern, xifi'. xa Si 7 t p o y y p a p p v a r a u r a rcdvra d oo9d>TaTOC I l a X a t i p a T O C aXnOfj ECE8ETO. d y d p aocpuTaTOc, Eupi7tidqi; noir|TiKU)c. ECESETO 8pdpa TIE pi T O U OiSiTtoSoc, K a i Tf|C, 'IoKdaTtic K a i Tfjc. Ecpiyyoc. Acppixavdc; 6 aocpoc; x p o v o y p d 9 o c ; E ^ E G E T O . 1 3 s - * F 3 4 , 8 9 s ; F50,17s; F54a,17s 1 -4 cf. ps. S y m . f. 3 0 = Cedr. 46,17-18; Sym. Log. (Leo Gr. 28,8-12 = Th. Mel. 27,6-9); Io. Ant. fr. 2
v 1

T61

The

Kings

of

Thebes

the

also w r i t t e n a b o u t the k i n g d o m o f T h e b e s .

Td ydp TCOV

@r)|3cbv B a a i A f i i a

T h i s phrase could also originate in Africanus, although the mention of his name is separated by the notice on the Theban myth (summarized previously, r d rcpoyeypappeva); for this myth in Malalas see D'Alfbnso 2006,25-31. Apart from a few small notices about Cadmus and Europa (see app.), Malalas is the only witness to Africanus' treatment of Theban chronology. For Africanus as the source of the 369-year chronology of the Theban kingdom, see Gelzer l,140f and Huxley 1987.

14-16; ps.Io. A n t . f r . 9 M 2 * [OS1] 3'IaiKdoTn.c, O corr. D i . 4 aotpdc. < O

180 F62

Iulius Africanus

F62 The Kings of the Medes

181

Excerpta Barbari ( 3 1 2 , 1 8 - 3 1 4 , 1 8

Frick)

F62

The Kings of the

Medes

M i d o r u m regna et tempora The reigns and chronology of the Medes

M i d o r u m a u t e m r e g n u m o b t i n u i t p e r a n n o s C C L X V I I I I . et haec C y r u s Persus destruens r e g n u m e o r u m i n Persida d u x i t i n principio quinquagensimae quinNow the k i n g d o m o f t h e M e d e s lasted for 269 years. C y r u s the Persian d e s t r o y 55
t h t h

tae o l y m p i a d a e . i n ipsa n u n c q u i n q u a g e n s i m a q u a r t a o l y m p i a d a fiunt C C X V I , 5 sicut p r i d e m t r i u m a n n o r u m p r i m a e olympiadae M i d o r u m i n i t i u m inuenimus esse r e g n u m , q u o d est q u i n t o d e c i m o a n n o O z i a e regis Iudae. Q u o d u e r o C C L X V I I I I a n n o r u m M i d o r u m o b t i n u e r u n t t e m p o r a sic a p r i n c i p i o A b b a c i , q u i p r i m u s r e g n a u i t i n M i d i a , usque A r t y a g u m , q u e r n C i r u s exterm i n a n s i n Persida regnum migrauit. 10 I . A r b a c u s ann. X X V I I I . I I . Sosarmus ann. I I I I . I I I . M a m y t h u s ann. X L . I I I I . Cardyceus ann. X X I I I . V. D i y c u s ann. L I I I I . 15 V I . Fraortus ann. X X I I I I . V I I . Cyaxarus ann. X X X I I .

ed t h e m a n d b r o u g h t t h e i r k i n g d o m t o Persia i n the b e g i n n i n g o f t h e O l y m p i a d . I n the 5 4


2

O l y m p i a d , there were 216 <years>. We thus f i n d t h a t t h e


3

b e g i n n i n g o f the k i n g d o m o f the Medes was t h r e e O l y m p i a d , w h i c h is i n t h e 1 5


th

years before

the

first

year o f Ozias the k i n g o f fudah.

T h u s there are 269 years for the Medes f r o m t h e b e g i n n i n g o f the r e i g n o f Arbacus, w h o was t h e f i r s t k i n g i n M e d i a , u p t o Astyages. Cyrus e l i m i n a t e d h i m a n d transferred the k i n g d o m t o Persia. 1. A r b a c u s , 2 8 years. 2. Sosarmus, 4 years. 3. M a m y t h u s , 4 0 years. 4. Cardyceus, 23 years. 5. Deioces, 5 4 years. 6. A p h r a a r t e s , 2 4 years. 7. Cyaxarus, 32 years.

2-4

F34,19s.40-47.67s; F65.133; F73,2s; F74; Sym. Log. (Leo Gr. [46,15-17 Bekker] = Th. Mel. re Tfjc (< Th. Mel.) Aoiaq dndonq, ifiaoiXevoev irn

[39,23s Tafel] = Iul. Pol. [140,10-12 Hardt] = Cedr. [257,7s Bekker]) Kvpoq b Ileponq KaraXvoaq rfjv MrjSwv nai 'Aaovp'uav Svvaoreiav, Kparf/oaq Xa'. 10-14 4-6etl8s>F64 S y n c . (233,19-27; 252,11s; 275,22s Moss.), cf. Eus., chron. (32,21-25 Karst), can. (armen.
Hier

183s Karst; Hier. 83,11s; 85,3s; 87,16s; 90,18s; 91,21s Helm) et Chron. Synt. (89 Schoene) MfjSwv a' ifiaoiXevoev Ap(3dKnc, b KaraXvoaq rfjv rwv Aoavpiwv apxfjv, errj K T | ' (= chron., can. C h r o n . Synt., - c a n . fjv eroq,SyrS'. MfjSwv y' iBaaiXevae Ziooappoc Urn X' (= c a n .
Hier armen

) . TOV Si Koopov

fjv iroq ,S%oc.'.


Hler

MfjSwv B' iBaoiXevae MavSaUKnc, ern K ' (= chron., c a n .

, Chron. Synt, - c a n .

arale

) . rov Si KOOUOV

, 20 chron., 38 Chron. Synt., - can.""). TO0 Si


H l n n m

KOOUOV fjv eroq ,8\J/KS'. MfjSwv 8' ifiaoiXevoev AptuKar, ern X' (= chron., Chron. Synt, 13 can. "", - c a n . pov fjv eroq MfjSwv 15s ,SfvS'. AioiKqc irn v8' (= Eus., Chron. Synt.). AioiKfjq b MfjSwv BaotXevq eKrwev ,SfnS'. 1 fjv eroq ,SwXn'. The chronological notices about the beginning and the end of the Median kingdom reflect Africanus' system. According to U. 4f and 18f, Arbacus (= 15 Ozias) began his rule 53 years before Ol. 1,1 (= 1 Ahaz). This is also the sum of the years that Africanus reckoned from 15 Ozias to 1 Ahaz (37 years remaining for Ozias + 16 years for fotham). Africanus' dating of the 2-17 cf. Eus., reg. ser. ' 152; Eus., reg. s e r .
arm 1 Hier

) . TOU Si KOO-

e' ifiaoiXevoe

'EtcBdrava rf\v noXiv peydXrjv Kai Suxfiorjrov. rov Se Koopov fjv eroq 96,21s Helm) et Chron. Synt. (90 Schoene)

Sync. (252,1 I s Moss.), cf. Eus., chron. (32,26s Karst), can. (armen. 185-187 Karst; Hier. 95,8s;

MfjSwv c/ ifiaoiXevoev Acppadprnq ern va' (24 Eus., Chron. Synt). tot) Se Koopov

MfjSwv C ifiaoiXevoe Kval,dpnq irn \$' (= Eus., Chron. Synt). rov Si Koopov fjv eroq ,Swnd'. 28; Annianus apud Eliam Nisib. 16,27-35 6 cf. I V 2 5 post pridem spatium vacuum 4 versuum cod. | trium] L ante trium excidisse iam censuit Gelzer 3 11 I I I I ] X X X F r i c k

beginning of Cyrus' rule in O l . 55,1 (11. 2-4) is also attested in F34,42f. For Africanus as the origin of this list, see also Frick 1880,11; Gelzer 1,215-219. That is, from Ol. 1,1. Cf. below, 1. 19, w h i c h states more accurately that the kingdom of the Medes began 53 years be fore the first Olympiad; see Gelzer 1,216.

Regn 15,1; S y m . Log. (Leo Gr. 35,1s = T h . Mel. 31,16s = Iul. Pol. 112,16s)

182

Iulius Africanus

F62 The Kings of the Medes

183

V I I I . Astyagus ann. X X X V I I I . H a e c M i d o r u m r e g n a p e r m a n s e r u n t per a n n o s C C L X V I I I I , a q u i n t o d e c i m o a n n o Oziae r e g i s I u d a , h o c est L I I I a n n o r u m p r i m a e olympiadae. F i n i i t a u t e m 20 q u i n q u a g e n s i m a q u a r t a o l y m p i a d a , a n n o t r i c e n s i m o o c t a u o regnante A s t u a g o , q u e m e x t e r m i n a u i t C y r u s Persus i n q u i n q u a g e n s i m a q u a r t a o l y m p i a d a . E t L y d o r u m et M i d o r u m regna dissipata s u n t sub C y r o Persarum.

8. Astyagus 38 years. These reigns o f the Medians lasted for 269 years, f r o m the 1 5 the 5 4 And
t h th

year o f Ozias, the

k i n g o f Judah, t h a t is 53 years before the first O l y m p i a d . I t came to a n e n d i n O l y m p i a d , i n the 3 8


t h t h

year o f the r e i g n o f Astyages, w h o m C y r u s the

Persian e l i m i n a t e d i n the 5 4 k i n g o f the Persians.

Olympiad.

the k i n g d o m s o f the Lydians a n d the Medes were destroyed b y C y r u s ,

17 Sync. (275,22s Moss.), cf. Eus., chron. (32,28 Karst) et can. (armen. 187 Karst; Hier. 99,9s Helm) MrjSiov n' iBaoiXevoEV Ao~rudyr|c Aapeioq ern An' (= Eus., Chron. Synt.). rov Si KOOUOV fjv hoc, ,Sna'. 19 primae] npo Tfjc, a' Frick 22 post Persarum spatium vacuum 5 versuum cod.

F63
F 6 3 a E x c e r p t a B a r b a r i (310,25 - 312,17 F r i c k )
Lydiorum regna et tempora

F63 F63a

The Kings of the

Lydians

The reigns and chronology of the Lydians

Et L y d i o r u m r e g n u m t e n u i t per annos C C X X X I I . i n c i p i e n s ab A r d i o regem L y d i o r u m 5 sub Cryssum ilium a Cyro Persarum dissipatum

primum finiit in

And

t h e k i n g d o m o f the Lydians lasted f o r 232 years. B e g i n n i n g f r o m Ardysus,


t h

the first k i n g o f the Lydians, i t came to a n e n d i n the 5 8

Olympiad, when it

o l y m p i a d a q u i n q u a g e n s i m a octaua. i n i t i u m u e r o p r i m a e o l y m p i a d a e i n u e n i t u r e x o r d i u m r e g n i L y d i o r u m i n a n n o p r i m o A c h a z . r e g n a u i t q u i d e m et L y d i o r u m p r i n c i p a t u s p e r a n n o s C C X X X I I sic.

was d i s s o l v e d b y C y r u s o f the Persians d u r i n g the reign o f Croesus. T h e begin n i n g o f t h e first O l y m p i a d is thus f o u n d t o c o i n c i d e w i t h the b e g i n n i n g o f the k i n g d o m o f the Lydians i n the first y e a r o f A h a z . T h e k i n g d o m o f the Lydians thus h e l d r u l e for 232 years, as f o l l o w s :
2

1 2 - 6 Sync. (287,21-26 Moss.), cf. Eus., can. (Hier. 103,13-18 Helm) Kpofooc Kara K d p o u arpareuoac ry\oi ouv rfl Av8d>v BaaiAeia 6iapKeadoT| err] o\p' (= can."), oiroq 8' BaoiXevq AvScbv yeyovibq irn ie' eBaoiXevoev ewq rov iS' irovq Kvpov. r) AvSaiv BaoiXeia dp^apivr\ rw ,SifrXE' Srei rov Koapov KareXvdn rw ,S^q', fjroi Kvpov rov IlepaQv era id', SiopKeoaaa treat aXB' (= c a n . ) iv BaoiXsvoi 8'. 3s et 15 - F74.1-6 4s et 16s F64a
H e r

The lists of the Lydian kings found in the Excerpta Barbara and Malalas, which agree in all chronological particulars, independently attest the same tradition. Dependence on the Chrono graphiae is suggested by the correlation of 1 Ardysus with Africanus' foundational synchronism of 1 Ahaz with Ol. 1,1 (F63a,4f). For Malalas and Exc. Barb, as witnesses to Africanus' chrono logy of the Lydian kingdom, see also Frick 1880,11; Gelzer 1,219-222. 232 years from Ol. 1,1 would correspond to Ol. 59,1, but Cyrus actually defeated Croesus in Ol. 58,3, in the 14 year of Cyrus' rule. Gelzer 1,220 therefore suggests that Africanus dated the first year of the Lydian kingdom to A M 4725, two years before Ol. 1,1.
th

3s cf. Io. Mai. 6,6.8-10; Cedr. 242,7-16; Georg. Mon. 20,6-17

5s et 17s cf. Georg. Mon. 20,19s

184 I . A r d i r u s ann. X X X V I . I I . A y a t u s ann. X I I I I . III. Midusann.XII. 10 I I I L C a u d a l u s ann. X V I I . V. G / g u s ann. X X X V I .

Iulius Africanus

F63 The Kings of the Lydians

185

1. Ardysus, 36 years. 2. Alyates, 14 years. 3. Miles, 12 years. 4. Candaules, 17 years. 5. Gyges, 36 years. 6. Ardysus, 38 years. 7. Sadyates, 15 years. 8. A n o t h e r A l y a t e s , 49 years. 9. Croesus, 15 years. in primo fiunt T h i s is the k i n g d o m o f t h e Lydians, s t a r t i n g f r o m the b e g i n n i n g o f the O l y m p i a d . A l t o g e t h e r t h e r e are 232 years. first
t h

V I . Aj-dyssus ann. X X X V I I I . V I L S a l y a t u s ann. X V . V I I I A l i a t u s alius a n n . X L V I I I I . 15 V I I K . Cryssus ann. X V . Haec L y d i c r u m r e g n u m , i n c i p i e n s a p r i n c i p i o p r i m a e o l y m p i a d a e anni C C X X X I L

a n n o A c t i a i , regis Iudae. et cessauit i n o l y m p i a d a q u i n q u a g e n s i m a o c t a u a .

O l y m p i a d i n the first y e a r o f Ahaz, k i n g o f Judah. I t came to an end i n the 5 8

7-15

Sync. (287,11-20 Moss.), cf. Eus., chron. (32,35 - 33,7 Karst) et can. (armen. 181-189 Karst; err] Xc' (= Eus.)

Hier. 85,24s; 89,8s; 90,7; 90,26; 92,10s; 94,16s; 97,2s; 98,8s; 102,9s Helm) a' ApSuooc; X.vcirov 8' AXudxqc; e q i S ' (= Eus.) y' MiXnc, e r n i j ' ( = Eus.) 5' Kav5au\.i-|C,gTri iC (= Eus.) e' ruync, exr) Xc.' ( = c a n . "
mm

, 35 chron., 3 7 0 8 X 1 . " )
mi!n

c/'ApSoooc, err) \ n ' (= c a n . "


H1

, 37 chron., c a n .
1

Hler

C aSudxr|<; irr\ ie' (= can. ", can.*'' ,5 chron.) n/ AXudrnc; e r | p.9' (= Eus.) 9' Kpolooc, exi| te' (= Eus.). 7 - 1 5 cf. E u s . , r e g . ser.""" 151; Eus., reg. s e r .
Hier

3 0 ; Chron. Synt. 92

F 6 3 b I o a n n e s Malalas 6,2.5 (117,14-17; 119,54-58 T h u r n )


'Ev Se xolc, curolc; xpdvotc, oi Auodi eXa|3ov xdc, BaaiXeiac,, qroi roitapxiac, 6uvupei dn6 TUJV nXnoiov ovxcov fiXVcov 8vcov.

F63b
At this same time the Lydians took by force the kingdoms, that is toparchies, from the other neighboring peoples.

K a i ifiaOlhEVOe

TtOV Au6<I)V Ttptbroc; 6 ApSsuc,

ETq Xc;'. SOTIC, K a i imexa^e xd rtXiiaiov

And

the first k i n g o f t h e Lydians was A r d e u s , f o r 3 6 years. He made subjects of the


neighboring peoples and kingdoms, and lived a life of arrogance. [...]

fflvn icai ^aaiXeia, Kai Sifiyev ev i)7iepr|cpavia. [...] 5

M s r d 5e r i j v fSacTiXeiav r o u ApSetoc; e(3aaiXuaav Au6tov aXXot o o u TOi> UTtepqcpdvou. e(3aoiXuae 6 E 6 auxoc, Kpoiaoc, r q I E ' . KaTEcrxev o u v rj (3aaiXsia Au6tbv r d r r a v r a exr\ aX(3'.

OKTOJ

ewe, K p o i -

A f t e r the reign o f A r d e u s , there were another e i g h t k i n g s o f the Lydians u n t i l Croesus the P r o u d . T h i s same Croesus was k i n g f o r 15 years. T h e k i n g d o m o f the L y d i a n s lasted, therefore, 232 years i n all.

5-7-< F63a, -18 5 - 7 cf. C e d r . 2 3 9 , 1 2 - 1 5 7 cf. Georg. Mon. 20,19s 5s Kpoioou + xoii xpuoou SI 6 Kpolooc,] 6 xpucouc, SI 7 oXS'

[OS1] 1 n\.r|obv Chilm. TtXqoiojv O O oXc,' SI

186

Iulius Africanus

F64 The Date of the First Olympiad

187

F64
F 6 4 a G e o r g i u s Syncellus ( 2 3 3 , 1 1 - 1 5 M o s s h a m m e r )

F64

The Date of the First

Olympiad

F64a'

( T64e) ... O Sk A9piKO.v6c pdAXov evavTioutai xw EdoEBicp, K a r a TO a' ETOC. "A\a(, TUV Tcpdnnv 'OXuunidda (pdaKu>v fjpxQcu EV T E T<I> y ' K a i ev T<I> &' Xoyw x&v IcxropiKiBv auroO rpaviic,, EV ole, UISE
ypdcpEi-

(> T64e) . . . But Africanus contradicts Eusebius, and states clearly in both the third and fourth books of his Histories that the 1" Olympiad was begun in the first year of Ahaz. There he states the following: The 14
t h

A v a y p a c p f j v a t 6 E Ttpcoxtyv xf|v XEaaapEOKatSEKdxriv, fjv EviKa KopoiBoc, axd5iov TOXE

O l y m p i a d was the first o n e t h a t was registered, w h e n

Coroebus

Ba.aiAuav

Axac, e m

'iEpouaaAtjp ETOC,

Ttpcbxov. . . . ( - > F64b)

w o n t h e s i n g l e - c o u r s e race. A t that t i m e A h a z was i n the first year o f h i s r e i g n in J e r u s a l e m . . . . ( F 6 4 b )

1-5

=T64e,2-7

4s

- F58a,2s.5s; F63a,4s.l6s; F64b; F65.35-37; Eus., praep. ev. 10,14,5 (610s

Mras) . . . Med'ov A^af

lxr\ ic'- K a r a TOVTOV r) rtpu>Tn 'OXvumac ffx^n, r\v EVIKO a r d d i o v Kdpoi|5oc; 'OXvpmdSaq ovveoolympiada milia septin-

'HXctoc. Sym. L o g . (Th. Mel. [31,27s Tafel] = Iul. Pol. [114,14s Hardt])'Ev tip npdixw ETEI T^C Totirou (sc. Achaz; false Ioatham a p u d Leo. Gr. [35,10s Bekker]) BaoiXetaq l<pnoq r d c uenit ad Grecis. Fiunt uero simul ab Adam usque initium olympiadae genti XLV. Est autem olympiada anni IUL 4s cf. Callimachus fr. 433; Strabo 8,3,30; Paus. 5,8,5s; 8,26,3s; Phleg. Trail. FGrHist 257 F l ; Mich. rrjosv. Exc. Barb. (254,3-6 Frick) Sub istius (sc. Achaz) regno anno undecimo ilia prima omnes anni

Syr. 4,20
[AB] 4 T E O o a p e o x a i d E K d r n v B T E a a a p t O K a i d E K d r n y A | p v E v i K a s c r i p s i m u s (cf. Exc. Eus. 189,13)

q v l K a K a i A l j v i K a K a i B | K6poi(3oc, D i . Kdpu(3oc AB

F 6 4 b G e o r g i u s Syncellus ( 2 3 3 , 1 5 - 1 7 M o s s h a m m e r )

F64b

( F64a) ... E i r a iv T<I> xexapxw Tiv

<pr\aiv (sc. Africanus)-

( F64a) . . . T h e n in the fourth book he [sc. Africanus] says: T h i s t h e n was t h e first year o f t h e r e i g n o f A h a z , w i t h w h i c h w e have s h o w n the 1
s t

6' a p a T O U 'Axac, PaatXetac, hoc, Ttpajtov, <I) a u v x p e x e t v dn6ii;apv tr\v

nptoxr|v'OXupTtid5a.

O l y m p i a d coincides.

2s cf. supra app. a d F64a [AB] 2 5' dpa B idpa A | u> G o a r


ra

d)c, AB | auvtpExeiv B crovrpEXEi A

In the quotation by Syncellus the two texts given on this page follow each other directly. However, in Africanus they certainly were at different places because the first belonged to the third book, and the second to the fourth. Therefore, they have to be considered as separate fragments.

188

Iulius Africanus

F64 The Date of the First Olympiad

189

F 6 4 c E u s e b i u s , Canones ( C h r o n i c o n Paschale [193,10-12 D i n d o r f ] = H i e r o n y m u s [ 8 6 H e l m ] = armeniace [ 1 8 1 K a r s t ] = M i c h a e l Syrus 4,15 [1,79 C h a b o t ] )


rpdcpei Si 6 XcppiKcivdc. &Se npbc, Xe^iV'
k

F64c

This is what Africanus writes in the following words:

A i a x v i o c , 6 A y a p f | 0 T o p o c q p t e v AGnvaicov 5 i d Biou ern Ky', ecp' ou'IcoaOdp eSaaiXeucEv evlepouaaXqp.

Aeschylus, son o f A g a m e s t o r , r u l e d the A t h e n i a n s for life. D u r i n g his r e i g n , J o t h a m was k i n g i n J e r u s a l e m .


2

1 - 3 = T 6 4 4 1 2 - 1 4 ; - F54a,45s; T64e,ls 2 616: Biou < H i e r .

T 6 4 d E u s e b i u s , Canones ( H i e r o n y m u s [ 8 6 ~ Dindorf]) S e c u n d o a n n o Aeschyli Atheniensium C o r o e b u s E l i e n s i s e x t i t i t uictor. Elii 5

d , h , k

H e l m ] = a r m e n i a c e [ 1 8 1 Karst]

T64d

= M i c h a e l S y r u s 4,15 [1,79 C h a b o t ] , a l i n e a 8 = C h r o n i c o n Paschale [ 1 9 3 , 8 - 2 0

iudicis prima Olympias

acta, i n expletis,

qua in

I n t h e second year o f Aeschylus, a r c h o n o f the A t h e n i a n s , the first O l y m p i c games were celebrated, i n w h i c h Coroebus o f Elis was the v i c t o r . T h e Eleans celebrate t h e games every five years, after a n i n t e r v a l o f f o u r years, d u r i n g w h i c h f o u r a n n u a l rulers are elected. I p h i t u s , son o f Praxonides, also called H e m o n , was t h e f i r s t to establish the O l y m p i a d . F r o m this t i m e , t h e dates of Greek c h r o n o g r a p h y c a n be considered v i d u a l preference. A f r i c a n u s puts the f i r s t O l y m p i a d d u r i n g the t i m e o f Jotham, k i n g o f t h e H e b r e w s o f Judah. O u r c a n o n presents i t d u r i n g t h e t i m e o f the same k i n g . I n the f o l l o w i n g words, t h i s is w h a t Africanus writes:
Aeschylus, son of Agamestor, ruled the Athenians for life. During his reign, Jotham was king in Jerusalem.
3

a g u n t q u i n q u e n n a l e c e r t a m e n q u a t t u o r annis i n m e d i o

q u i b u s p r i n c i p e s a n n u l c o n s t i t u u n t u r q u a t t u o r . Q u a m O l y m p i a d e m I f i t u s , filius Praxonidis siue <H>aemonis, primus constituit. Ab Tqv


10

hoc

t e m p o r e Graeca de t e m p o r i b u s

h i s t o r i a uera c r e d i t u r . N a m

ante

as

h o c , u t c u i q u e u i s u m est, diuersas sententias p r o t u l e r u n t . a ' O X u p m d 8 a 6 AcppiKavoc; Kara 'IcoaOdp 'E|3paiu>v rov ' I o u S a |3aaiAa o u v d y e i . K C U 6 qprrepoc; 6e Kavcbv Kara T O V auTOv TtapiaTqaiv. ypdcpei Se 6
AcppiKavoc; CI)5E Ttpoc; Aet;ivAiaxuAoc 6 Ayapf|OTopoc rjp^sv A8r|vaia>v 6id Biou 'ixr\ icy', 9' oi 'Iu>a6dp spaaiAeuaev ev 'IepouoaArip

reliable. For before t h i s t i m e , dates were variable, s u p p l i e d according t o i n d i

Kai

6 rjpeTepoc, Se Kavcbv {Xeyei} e m Ttjc; TtpcbTqc; 'OAupmdSoc; T O V TcuaSap

BaotAea ' I o u S a cruvetXqcpev.

O u r canon l i k e w i s e p u t s Jotham, k i n g o f Judah, at the t i m e o f the Olympiad.

first

l-T64e,U

6s->T65,3s

l l = F64c

Although Eusebius inserts this brief note into his discussion of Olympiad chronology (T64d), the excerpt has no direct bearing on this subject. For that reason, the citation from Africanus and its broader context in Eusebius' chronicle are provided separately as both a fragment and testimonium.

8 - 1 4 cf. supra app. ad F64a 1 secundum annum Hier.:0 | aescili Hier.:L aeschili Hier.:BP aescyli Hier.:M 2 coebus Hier.:M | | iudicis] apYovroc, | uictor + 3

Eusebius misleadingly suggests that this quotation from Africanus confirms his own syn chronism of the first Olympiad with the reign of Jotham. In Africanus' system, 01. 1,1 coincides with the first year of Ahaz's reign and not the reign of his immediate predecessor Jotham. The second year of Aeschylus' archonship also occurred in Ol. 1,1 (F54a,45f); Aeschylus would thus have begun his rule one year before 01. 1,1, during the final and 16 year of Jotham's reign (cf. I V Regn 15,33). See also F64e below, where Syncellus accuses Eusebius of misrepresenting Afri canus for self-serving purposes.
th

armen. M i d i . Syr. saxonides Hier.:OB Hier.

elius Hier.:OL selius Hier.:B heliensis Hier.:M

ordScov a r m e n . Mich. Syr. 3 aelii H i e r . A P N

4 quattuor < armen. Mich. Syr. 5 saxonidis H i e r . A Haemonis Helm | constituitposuit | primum Hier.:L

H e r . : P praxonides Hier.:Bpaxonidis Hier.:M Prach<s>ion armen. 11 S i d (3iou < Hier.

aemonis codd. des Dimon (probabiliter ex A'ipovoc) armen. 14 pcaiAeei'Iouda < armen. Hier.

13 d fiperepoc, de K a v u v ] nos Hier. | Xeyei Chron. Pasch. < armen.

190

Iulius Africanus

F64 The Date of the First Olympiad

191

T 6 4 e G e o r g i u s Syncellus ( 2 3 3 , 9 - 1 7 M o s s h a m m e r )

T64e

Eiiatfiioc. 8e rf]-v npuVnyv OXuprtidSa rri'Iu>d8ap crovdyEi tou pETd r\' ETT| BaoiAEuoavToc rou'IouSa

Eusebius computes the first Olympiad at the time of Jotham, who became king of Judah eight years later, a n d he cites A f r i c a n u s as agreeing w i t h h i m o n t h i s . B u t A f r i c a n u s c o n t r a dicts h i m , a n d states c l e a r l y i n b o t h the t h i r d a n d f o u r t h b o o k s o f h i s Histories

icai
X.OV

T O V A 9 p t K a v 6 v npocpepet cruvdSovTa

avx& ev

T O U T C U . 6 6e AcppiKavoc, paA-

evavTiouxai

TCO Euaepicp, K O T C I T O a' ETOC, A y a

cpdcTKcov r j p x B c u E V T E TCO y ' 5 olc, cl)6e ypdcpei-

Kai

E V TCO 8' Aoycp TCOV

Tijv 7tpcbTr|v ' O X u p m a S a laropiKcbv aurou Tpavcbc, ev

that the f i r s t O l y m p i a d was b e g u n i n t h e f i r s t year o f A h a z . T h e r e he states t h e following: The 14 Olympiad was the first one that was registered, when Coroebus won the single-course race. At that time Ahaz was in the first year of his reign in Jerusalem. T h e n i n t h e f o u r t h b o o k he says: This then was the first year of the reign of Ahaz, with which we have shown the I ' Olympiad coincides.
s th

Avaypacpf] v a i SE rcpu>Tr|v r f | V T E a o a p E O K a i S E K d r r y v , fjv Evuca Kai KopotBoc ardSiov. TOTE E B a c i Xeuaev Axac. Erci'lpouaaXf)p ETOC, rtpdirov.

ElTa

ev

xcp

TETdpTcp i p q a i v -

H v 6' dpa T O U A^ac, BaadEiac, iroq rrpaJTOv, il> auvrpExeiv d7tE6Ei^apv rfjv npiirriv OXupmdSa.

ls->T64c;F64d

2 - 7 = F64a 8s = F64b

6s cf. supra app. ad F64a [AB] 1 iu>d8au A iii6ap B | T O U < A


1 2

6 TooapE0KaiOKdTqv B TaaapiaKaiSKdTr|v A | r)v EVIKO 9 S'dpaB

s c r i p s i m u s (cf. E x c . Eus. 189,13) p v i K a K a i A f|viKa K a i B | Kopoipoc. D i . K o p u B o c A B idpa A | ( i Goar cue, A B | o u v r p E X E i v B o u v r p E X E i A

192

Iulius Africanus

F65 Victors in the Olympic Games

193

F 6 5 E u s e b i u s , C h r o n i c a (Excerpta E u s e b i a n a [ c o d . Paris, gr. 2 6 0 0 , f. 2 0 4 - 2 1 0 = 140,17- 153,21 Cramer = 1 9 0 , 3 3 - 2 2 0 , 8 Schoene] = armeniace [1,277-313

Material from Book 4/5: From the First Olympiad to the End of the Chronographiae

Aucher = 8 9 , 9 - 1 0 3 , 2 8 Karst])

' E v r a u G d p o i S O K E ! KOAOX; EXEIV X6yco. Ar(6

K C U

T a c

N A

P ' "EXXqaiv dvaypacpopevac. OXupmdSac; emauvd\|/ai tcu F65 Victors in the Olympic Games
1

y a p TOUTCOV r d tfjc, 'EXXqvcov xpovoypacpiac,, dKpi(3ouc. dvaypacpqc, TETEUXEVOI 6OKEI, r d

Ttpd a u r c b v , cbc, KdoTU) cpiXov qv, dTCEcpqvavm Here I think it would be good also to append to this discussion the Olympic games recorded by the Greeks. [ O J X i y a 5 e dvayKaiov TTEpl T O U dywvoc, einelv'Qc, oi p e v rcoppcuTdrco role, ypovoic, t f j v For starting from them it is thought that the dates of Greek chronography have received accu GEOTV a u r o u rate documentation, whereas before them dates were supplied according to individual preference. C o n c e r n i n g t h e i n s t i t u t i o n o f the O l y m p i c contest.
3 2

LTepi Tfjc, 6eaeu)q [ T ] O U dyojvoc. [ T ] w v O X u p m a > v .

' H p a K A s o u c , a u r o v T0fjvai cpaaiv, AEOXIOU 10

6ia7teipa rcl>v a u r o u i<Xf|6T| aav- p0' ov r o v u i o v a u r o u


erci

TtpodyovrEc; rtp6 u n d EVOC, TCOV 'ISaiurv AaKTuXojv- e i t a U T I O TtaiSarv- dtp' 06 Kai o i dyaiviarat dSXiyrai
E I C E I O V , E l r a ' E v S u p i t o v a , ECJJC. S E A X E C T V O V ,

Elxa O i v o u a o v Ttpoarfjvai rfjc, Buaiac,- p s S ' ov ITiXoTta Etc, ripf|v x& Ttarpico A u

It i s necessary t o say a few t h i n g s a b o u t t h e contest: T h o s e w h o trace its e s t a b l i s h m e n t t o a v e r y r e m o t e p o i n t i n t i m e say t h a t i t was e s t a b l i s h e d before H e r a c l e s b y o n e o f the I d a e a n D a c t y l s , a n d t h e n h e l d b y

dyayEtv6' Tourov 15

E W ' H p a K X s a T O V AXKpijvr|c K a i

Aioc;, dcp' ou yEVEdc,

SEKO

ruyxdvEiv- ol

Eoprdc, TEXsiac, xpEic, (paoiv, inl y a p 'HXEIOV ovra,

"Icpirov rov dvavEcoadpsvov r o v dyibva.

Ttauaai { T E }

TtoXspcov rdc,

TI6XEIC;, E K

Kai TtpovooupEvov rfjc; 'EXXdSoc;, (SouXopEvov T E rieXoTtovvrjaou Ttdanc; OTEiXat BEujpouc;

A e t h l i u s as a test f o r h i s sons. F r o m t h a t p o i n t , t h e contestants were c a l l e d " a t h letes." A f t e r h i m , h i s s o n Epeius, t h e n E n d y m i o n , t h e n A l e x i n u s , a n d t h e n O e n o m a e u s p r e s i d e d over t h e o f f e r i n g . A f t e r h i m , Pelops b r o u g h t the o f f e r i n g i n h o n o r o f his father Zeus, a n d t h e n Heracles t h e s o n o f A l c m e n e a n d Zeus; f r o m

3s - > F 3 4 , l - 4 ; T 6 4 d , 6 s 'EvSupicov, enena narpiSi npoiorrj rov rdc

5s F34.92

8 - 3 7 Sync. (231,10 - 232,10 Moss.)"AXXoiSi imb AEGXIOU Eic, Tipfjv rfj

him

t h e r e w e r e 1 0 g e n e r a t i o n s ( a l t h o u g h some say there w e r e three c o m p l e t e

reBfjvai r o v dcyuva Kavrevdev

dGXqrdc; dvouafcaBca roiiq dyiovioTdc pe6' OV'ETCEIOC; nalq OUTOU- elra re and rov AXKpfjvnq "HpaKXiovq iioq rovSe itoXEpcov

festivals) u p t o t h e t i m e o f I p h i t u s w h o r e n e w e d t h e contest. Since, as a n Elean, he w a s m i n d f u l o f t h e s i t u a t i o n i n Hellas a n d w a n t e d t o r i d t h e cities o f warfare, he s e n t envoys f r o m all t h e P e l o p o n n e s e t o i n q u i r e a b o u t p u t t i n g a n e n d t o t h e

AXECIVOC; Kai uerd rovrov Oivopaoc, K1 ^ETO: rovrov, &q <pam, UEXO^I rov aycdvoq Kai Tfjc dvoiaq. apidpovoi

xpdvov ytveaq Sera- aAAoi TpEic; TEXEIOC, cpaolv 'OXvpmaSaq im "Icprrov T6V d v a v E t o o d p E v o v T6V TTOXECC; ix. redone; iTeXoTtownaou nipfai re XaBeiv FIvBiKdv rovrov GECopouc; TOUC; jiEuaopEvouc; riEpi rfjq TCOV rcoXfipcov u> nEXonovvqoou v a E r a i , rcspl Bcopov IOVTEC; GUETE

dycova. T O U T O V yap H X E I O V o v r a , Kai TtpovooupEvov rfjc; 'EXXdSoc;, rcaucai TE onevSovra drtaXXayfjc;, xpnoudv

KCII nEiGeaSe, r d K E V pdvtEic; EVErccuaiv.'HXEloi rtporcoXoi naTEpcov vopov iGuvovTEC,- TOIC, SEHXEIOIC. rdSe T t p o a y o p e O a a i . Tqv auTcbv puEoGe ndrpav, noXspou 6' dnExecGe, KorvoSiKou cpiXiac; n y o u p E v o i <'EXXnvEOCTi>, E O T ' a v EVI cvrvdfioic; SX8n 9iX6cppcuv EVIOUTOC;. TOUTOU XC*P Icpiroc; K a r n y y E i X E rqv E K E X E i p i a v ETC! rjpipep rpoepji xPHo6ai imo 'HPOKXEOUC;. Kai x^ipac, dXXr]Xou<; OUK 7tEcppov. T6V Si d y c i v a T E T E A E K E V Tcpiroc; 'HpaKXEiSnc ouv A u K o u p y c p a u y y E v E i - hcartpoi dyebv a r a S i o u p d v o v i j v Kai oiiSelc, dvEypdcpETo viKnfdpoq, ETdxGn- dcp' f\q "EXXnvEC api8us.lv ri SOKOVOIV IS' KopoiBov 'HAEfov viKf|oai. 8-10 Si 'HpaKXeiSai. TOTE C5E aueXovvrwv rcdv rr/viKaSe. 6y66r| SE Kai 2
,v

Scholars since Scaliger 1606 have for the most part traced this unattributed list of Olympic vic tors to Africanus, see infer alia Rutgers 1863, Gilbert 1875, Gelzer 1,167-169. For recent dis cussion and arguments in favor of this origin, see introduction, p. X X X I I I , and Wallraff 2006, 50-53. These two lines express Africanus' opinion about Greek historiography for the archaic period (see F34.1-8). However, the word TOUTCOV cannot come directly from Africanus, because it refers to the Olympiads previously mentioned by Eusebius. A similar formulation is used by Eusebius in T64d,6f.

ElKoorfj 'OXupmdSt K6poi|3oc;'HXToc; dvEypdcpr) ardSiov vtKfjoaq, Kai r] Kar' a u r o v OXupmdc; 7Tpci)Tr| ccKpiBcdq xpovmdv. raura ApiaroSripoc; ioTopEi Kai auvcpSd T o u r c u TIoXu(3ioc;. KaXXipaxoc; SE cpqoiv 'OXupmdSac; iy' rcapEloGai pf| dvaypacpEioac;. Tf| SE ps. Io. Ant. fr. 22* (568 Ro.) And rfjq auiXXr/q r c i v AEGXIOU rtaiScov d 0 \ r | T a i KXiiGr|oav oi dycuviorai.

3 6 - 2 9 cf. S t r a b o 8,3,30; Diod. Sic. 4,14,1s; Phleg. Trail. FGrHist 257 F l . 1 - 1 0 2 Xdycp + Olympiaden der Griechen. Erste Olompias: in weicher siegte im Stadion Kuribos der Helier 4 Ttpd armen. rcEpt P 5 rebv 'OXupnitov + das ist des Wettkampfes Obung

For material similar to Eusebius' preliminary discussion of the Olympic games, see ps. John of Antioch and Syncellus. Since the latter two authors are both independent of Eusebius and in some cases reflect a better text (see below app. to II. 25-27), all three writers probably drew on a common older source. Verbal similarities with material known to belong to Africanus'

armen. v i d e infra 1.41.44 armen.

chronicle (cf. 11. 35-37 and F64a above) and the consistency of the discussion with Africanus' approach to disputed questions suggest that it originated in his chronicle.

1 0 S v Seal, cbv P 11 ov Seal, cbv P 15 TE del. Gutschmid

194

Iulius Africanus

F65 Victors in the Olympic Games

195

T O U C ; TtEoaouEvouc; rcepi dHaXXayfjc, TCOV K O T E X O V T C O V TCOX.SU.COV- T O V SE 0E6V TOIC, uev neloTtovvnaioic, 'O

wars o c c u p y i n g t h e m . T h e g o d delivered the f o l l o w i n g oracle to the P e l o p o n n e sians: Inhabitants o f t h e Peloponnese, w h e n y o u gather a r o u n d the altar, make an o f f e r i n g , a n d f o l l o w whatever i n s t r u c t i o n s the oracles give y o u . And t o the Eleans, t h e oracle p r o c l a i m e d the f o l l o w i n g :
4

XPn

CTCtl

taura-

I f e X o r o v v f j a o u vaerai, Tcspl Bcopov LOVTEC;

@V3ere Kai TCi9o8e, r d K E V pdvTEic; EVETCCOOTV. [ T ] O I C ; & ' H X E I O I C ; xdSfi TcpoaYopsuaai' H A t ' o i TCpOTCoXoi, TcaTspcov vopov IGUVOVTEC;[T]rrv auTcbv pua0 rtdTpav, noXEpou 6' drcEXo9, K O I I O 6 L K O U (ptXiac, f]YOupvoi'EXXfjvaai, f E c r ' a v ] E V I cuvoSotc, X6n cpiXocppcov EviauToc-. T O U T O U vdpiv "ICOITOC, KaTfjyYEiXE
T 1

Eleans as d e v o t e d m i n i s t e r s , overseeing ancestral law: Rescue t h i s c o u n t r y o f y o u r fathers, r e f r a i n f r o m war, as leaders o f a m u t u a l alliance a m o n g the Greeks, [ u n t i l ] there c o m e s a year o f friendship at the festivals. For on this reason, I p h i t u s a n n o u n c e d that an a r m i s t i c e < h a d been decreed i n a n one a n o t h e r . > A n d <Iphitus, a descendant o f Heracles,> celebrated L y c u r g u s the L a c e d a e m o n i a n , w h o happened to be the his

KXipiav <Tti f|ppcp Tpocpfj xpfjaGat UTCO

' H p a i c A i o u c ; - Kai x^'pac dAArjAouc; O U K E T I TCscppov>. Kai T O V dYcova ETCETEXEOE <"Icptxoc 'HpaKXEi8n<;> o u v AuKOupyco TCO AaKESatpovico O U Y Y E V E T Tuyxdvovrtd p 9 0 T 8 o o i y a p dcn"HpaKXouc;. Kai T O T E povov fjv araSiou 6 dycbv- i3oTspov SE Td aXAo a 8 X a K a r a pEpoc; TcpoaT9n. ' I c m p o u a i SE o i rcspl ApiaToSnpov T O V ' H X E I O V , cbc; arc' EiKoatfjc; Kai EBSdpnc, OAup.TtctSoc, <dn'4cpiTou> fjpt;avTo oi d9XnTai dvaYpdcpa9ai, 6001 SnXaSf] vtKncpopci- Ttp6 T O U yap OUSE'IC; dvEYpdcpn, duEXnodvTcov TCOV npoxEpov- Tfj S E EiKocTTfj o y S o n T O o T a S i o v vLKcbv KopoiBoc; 'HXEIOC;, dveYpdcpT) TcpcbToc;. Kai f| DAup-Tiac; ai3Tr| TtpcoTn Tdx8n- dcp' rjc; "EXXnvEc; dpt9pouai TOUC; xpovouc;. Td S' auTa T( ApicrroSfjpcp Kai rioXuBioc; iaTopEi. KaXXipaxoc; S E SeKaTpEic;'OXupTtidSac; cxTci IcpiTou rcapela9ai cpnai pf] dvaYpacpEiaac;- Tfl S E TeaaapEOKaiSEKaTTi K 6 poiBov^tKfjcraL. I T o l X o t Ss X E Y O U O I V dno Tfjc; UTCO 'HpaKXEOUc; T O U AXKpfjvnc; T O U dycbvoc; 9eoeco<;Tti tf)v TtpcbTnv dpi9poupvnv'OXupTCid5a, YVEo9ai err\ uv9'. &Y0uai SE 'HAElonevTaeTnpiKov T O V dycova, Tsaadpcov ETCOV peTal;u auvtEXoupevcov. ['E] XAijvcuv'OXupTtidSec; d r t o Ttj; TtpcbTT)c; ETC! T T ) V a p C . K a 9 ' fjv 'Pcopaicov e(3aa(XU0Ev A V T C O V I V O C ; uioc; Ze(3fjpa'.

oracle by Heracles t o p r o m o t e civilized c o n d u c t ; a n d they no longer l a i d h a n d s contest, a l o n g w i t h

k i n s m a n ; for b o t h w e r e descended f r o m Heracles. A t that t i m e there was o n l y a single-course race. B u t later other contests were a d d e d o n i n t u r n . Aristodemus o f Elis
5

a n d his followers r e p o r t that after the 2 7

t h

Olympics

< f r o m I p h i t u s > , t h e n a m e s o f athletes began t o be registered, whoever, t h a t is, that were p r i z e - w i n n e r s . Before that t i m e , n o - o n e was registered, since t h e y were p r e v i o u s l y n e g l i g e n t about these matters. So at the 2 8
t h

Olympics, Coroe-

bus o f Elis, t h e v i c t o r i n t h e stadion race, was the first t o be registered. A n d t h i s was established as t h e f i r s t Olympics. F r o m i t the Greeks count t h e i r years. A n d w h a t Polybius r e p o r t s is i n agreement w i t h A r i s t o d e m u s . But C a l l i m a c h u s says that 13 O l y m p i c s passed b y unrecorded after I p h i t u s , a n d Coroebus was v i c t o r in the 1 4
th

Olympics.

M a n y say t h a t f r o m the establishment o f the contest b y Heracles, son o f A l c m e n e , u p t o t h e f i r s t n u m b e r e d O l y m p i c s , there are 459 years. A n d t h e Eleans celebrate t h e contest o n every f i f t h year, w h e n four i n t e r v e n i n g years have elapsed. T h e Greek O l y m p i c s F r o m the first u p t o t h e 2 4 7 , at w h i c h t i m e A n t o n i n u s son o f Severus was R o man 4 5 19 Ttei6ef6 Sync, armen. rru6eo6e P | everccooiv Sync, evenouoiv P 20 et 21 - P Sync, recte armen. 22 av-cw Sync. OUTIBV P | o.nixeo'Qe Sync. erCEX 8 P 24 "EOT' dv Sync, armen., lacuna P "Ear ... {;uv6Soi<; eur' d v n E v r a E r f K Phleg. Trail. 25s supplevimuse Sync. cf. etiam armen. 27 "fyrroc. 'HpciKAEijnc, supplevimuse Sync. Iphitos armen. 31 dTc'ltpirou armen. 31s vucncoopoi iteravit P 36 rfj.. .TEoaapeoKaidEKdrp Sync. Tfjc ... -Tfjc P
OT t h

2 6 - 2 8 -* F 6 0 , l s 35-37 - F64a 3 8 - 4 0 Sync. (231,5-10 Moss.) 'OXvumac Sii<m nap"EUnm rerpaerrpiKdc xpovoq, oi Kara rrjv ovunXrjpcooiv apxouivov rov grove, 6 'OXvpniaKoe ayav fjyero. TOVTOV IXXrjvwv naiSec aavuipiovaq ioropovoi KaraStSdx&ai. nviq yap avriiiv d u o Tfjc, i m d 'HpaKXecoc, r o i i AAKufjviK TOU dyd)voc. ecaecoq TO npcorov r)px8ai rd rfjq 'OXvpmaKijq adXrjoeaq elSoq ipaoi Ttpipr' irdv rr)oSt rfjq npwrnq 'OXvumaSoq. 34s cf. Aistodemus FGrHist 414 F l ; Polybius FGrHist 254 F2 35s Callimachus fr. 433

emperor.

The order of this and the following line, which is reversed in the Greek witnesses, has been corrected according to the Armenian version. Cf. Harpocration, Lexicon, s.v. 'EAAavoStxai, who attributes to Aristodemus of Elis a report about the appointment of 10 head judges in the Olympic games. If this is the same Aristodemus mentioned here, he would have written sometime after the 108 Olympic games (= 348 BC), when the selection of 10 judges became accepted practice. Aristodemus of Elis could also be the one named below (1.191) as the winner in wrestling at the 98 Olympic games (= 388 BC). I.e. Caracalla. The actual list continues up to 01. 249, see introduction, p. XVIII.
th th

196

Iulius Africanus

F65 Victors in the Olympic Games

197

45

50

npuVrrfOXiJumdc,, fjv evika KopoiBoc, 'HXeioc ToviTO yap fjycovi^ovTO povov em 'OXupmd5a)v ry'. Aeuxepa. Avxipaxoc'HXeioc Ttbpoc Kai'PiopuAoc eyevvfj6r|aav. TpiTn.'AvSpOKAoc; Meafjvioc Texdpxn. LToXuxdpr|c Meafjvioc rTep-TtTT]. Aiaxivnc'HXeloc;
"EKTI].

atdSiov. atdSiov. atdSiov. axd5iov. axd8iov. axdSiov. axd8iov. axd8iov. axdSiov. axdSiov. axdSiov. axdSiov. axdSiov. axdSiov. axdSiov. axd6iov. axd5iov. axdSiov.

55

60

OiBuVrac Aupaioc 'EfSSopn. A I O K X T J C ; Meafjvioc; Tcopi3Xoc,'Pd)pnv ekxiae. OySdn. AvTiicXfjc Meafjvioc, 'Evvdrn. EevoicXfjc Meafjvioc, AeKdTr|. Au>xdSr|c Meafjvioc, 'EvSeKdrn. Aetoxaprjc Meafjvioc, Au>SeKdxr|. 'OcuSepic Koptovaioc T p i o x a i 6 e K d T n . AioKXfjc KopivGioc TeaaapeaKaiSeKdxr). Aeapcov KopivGioc 7rpoaeTe6r| Kai SiauXoc, K a i eviKa'Ynqvoc'HXeioc. nevTeKai6eKdTr)."OpaiTt7toc Meyapeuc TtpoaefeOq 66Aixoc- Kai yupvoi eopapov- evika A K O V G O C AdKtov. E K K a i 8 e K d T r | . lluGayopac AdKcov

65

ETtTaKai8eKdxr). ntoXoc'Em8aupioc

70

'OKTu)Kai5eKdTr|. TeXXic Z I K D C U V I O C TtpoaereBr) TtdXr|, K a i e v i K a EupuBaToc AdKcov. TtpoaexeBq K a i rcevTaGXoc, K a i eviKa Adpmc AdKtov. 'EweaKaiSeKaxn. Mevoc Meyapeuc EiKoaTfj. A 8 r i p d 8 a c AdKcov EiKoaxf| a'. navraKXfjc A9r|vaioc E'lKoaTfi B'. 6 auxoc T O Seurepov.

axdSiov. axd8iov. axd5iov. {axd6iov}

1 O l y m p i c s , i n w h i c h Coroebus o f Elis was the victor stadion race. For 13 O l y m p i c s , this was t h e o n l y event that they contested. 2 . A n t i m a c h u s o f Elis stadion race. R o m u l u s a n d Remus were b o m . 3 . A n d r o c l u s o f Messenia stadion race. 4 . Polichares o f Messenia stadion race. 5 . Aeschines o f Elis stadion race. 6 . Oebotas o f D y m e stadion race. 7 . D i o c l e s o f Messenia stadion race. R o m u l u s f o u n d e d Rome. 8 . A n t i c l e s o f Messenia stadion race. 9 . Xenocles o f Messenia stadion race. 10 . D o t a d e s o f Messenia stadion race. 1 1 . Leochares o f Messenia stadion race. 1 2 . O x y t h e m i s o f Coronea stadion race. 13 . Diocles o f C o r i n t h stadion race. 14 . D e s m o n o f Corinth stadion race. A double-course race was added, a n d H y p e n u s o f Elis was the v i c t o r . 15 . O r s i p p u s o f M e g a r a stadion race. A l o n g - c o u r s e race was added, a n d t h e y r a n naked. Acanthus o f Laconia was the v i c t o r . 1 6 . Pythagoras o f Laconia stadion race. 17 . Polus o f Epidauris stadion race. 18 . Tellis o f Sicyon stadion race. W r e s t l i n g was added, a n d E u r y b a t u s o f Laconia was the victor. T h e p e n t a t h l o n was also added, a n d L a m p i s o f Laconia was the victor. 19 . M e n o s o f M e g a r a stadion race. 2 0 . A t h e r a d a s o f Laconia stadion race. 2 1 . Pantacles o f Athens stadion race. 2 2 . T h e same m a n , for a second t i m e .
n d rd th th th th th th th th th th th th th th th th th st n d

s t

44^-F64a

4 7 -> F53,ls 53 - > T52; F53,2s

44 cf. Strabo 8,3,30; Paus. 5,8,5s; 8,26,3s; Phleg. Trail. FGrHist 257 F l ; Philostr., gym. 12 (142,14-19 Ju.); Mich. Syr. 4,20 46 cf. Phleg. Trail. FGrHist 257 F4 49 cf. Paus. 4,4,5 51 cf. Paus. 6,3,8; 7,17,6.13 52 cf. Dion. Hal. 1,71,5; Phleg. Trail. F G r H i s t 257 Fl,11 59 cf. Arist., Pol. 1274a,34 60 cf. Paus. 4,13,7 61 cf. Paus. 5,8,6; Philostr., gym. 12 (142,19s Ju.) 62 cf. Paus. 1,44,1 63 cf. Dion. Hal. 7,72,3; Paus. 5,8,6; Philostr., gym. 12 (142,20s Ju.) 64 cf. Plut., Numa 1,3; Dion. Hal. 2,58,3 67s cf. Paus. 5,8,7; Philostr., gym. 12 (142,21-24 Ju.) 72 S I G 1056,17s
3

7 45 'OAuum&Scov iy' armen. -maiI)-v cryajvuv P Daikles armen. 51 OipiOrac, armen. Paus. OiSioXac, P 52 SioKAfjc, P 61 SiauAov P corr. Rutgers 67 EupOpaToc] ibaton armen.

Unfinished rubrication is responsible for the frequent omission of the initial letter in the numbering of the Olympic games in the Paris manuscript of the Excerpta Eusebiana. The missing letters have been tacitly restored in this edition.

198 EiKoaxf] Y'.'lKdpioc'YTtnpeCTieiJc; 75 9^pevoc.

Iulius Africanus

F65 Victors in the Olympic Games

199 s t a d i o n race.

ardStov.

2 3 . Icarius o f H y p e r e s i a lished rules for boxing.

rd

TTpoaeTeGr) Ttuypfj, K a l 'Ovopaaroc; Epupvaloc, Evuca, 6 Kai rfj TtuYpfj vopouc, EiKoarrj 6'. KAEOTrroAepoc, AdKcov EiKoaxf] E ' . OdArnc, AdKcov rtpoffETeBri T0pi7tTtov, Kai EvtKa ndycov OnBaioc;. EiKoaxfi c/. KaXXta0vr|c; AdKcov 80 cpiXopBpoToc; EiKoorrj
EIKOCTTIJ

B o x i n g was a d d e d , a n d Onomastus o f S m y r n a was the victor. H e also estab 2 4 . C l e o p t o l e m u s o f Laconia 25 . Thalpis o f Laconia 2 6 . Callisthenes o f L a c o n i a
th th th

OTdSiov. OTdSiov. OTdSiov.


EVIKTIOE.

s t a d i o n race. s t a d i o n race. s t a d i o n race.

A f o u r - h o r s e c h a r i o t race was added, a n d Pagon o f Thebes was the victor. P h i l o m b r o t u s o f Laconia, a pentathlete, was the v i c t o r i n three O l y m p i c s . T h e C a r n e a n games, a contest for c i t h a r a players, were first established i n OTdSiov. OTdSiov.
th th

SE

AdKcov TrivTaGXoc; Tptaiv 'OXupmdoTv

KdpvEia Ts0n Ttpcbrov E V AaKsSaipovt Ki0apcp5cbv dycov. EupuBoc, A 0 n v a t o c ; n'. Xdpptc; AdKcov dcrvoXoupEvcov 6 i d rtpdc; Aupaiouc; n o X s p o v . OTdSiov.
th th

Lacedaemonia. 27 . Eurybus of Athens 28 . Charmis o f Laconia s t a d i o n race. s t a d i o n race.

Sc, auKoic; Er|poIc, rjaKEi. Tauxnv fjcav Eliaaloi, 85


'HXEICOV
TOV

He used t o t r a i n o n a diet o f dried figs. T h e people o f Pisa h e l d these games, since t h e Eleans were occupied w i t h t h e w a r w i t h the Dymaeans. 2 9 . C h i o n i s o f L a c o n i a , whose leap was 52 feet, 3 0 . T h e same m a n , for a second time. OTd6tov. crrdSiov.
st 8

EiKOorrj 0'. Xiovtc, AaKoiv, ou T O dXpa TtoScov rjv v(3', TpiaKoaTq. 6 auTocTo SsuTEpov. nioaloi'HXEicov dnoaTdvTEc; TauTnv T E fjt^av, K a i Tac, s^fjc K(3'. TpiaKoaTr) a'. Xiovic, AdKOJv, T O TptTov, 90 TpiaKoaTf] P'. KpaTlvoc; MEyapEuq 6 T K a i TtuYpijv Kopaioc; TpiToc; adeXy&iv dYcoviadpEvoc; sviKa. TptaKoaTTJ y'- EUXIC; AdKOJv

s t a d i o n race.

T h e p e o p l e o f Pisa revolted from t h e Eleans, a n d held these a n d the n e x t 2 2 games. 3 1 . C h i o n i s o f L a c o n i a , for the t h i r d t i m e s t a d i o n race. s t a d i o n race. s t a d i o n race. 32 . Cratinus of Megara 3 3 . Gylis o f L a c o n i a
rd nd

OTdSiov.

7tpoaTe6n naYKpaTiov K a i EviKa AtJYSapic, ZupaKouaioc; uTtppY0nc;, 6c; OTaSiov E^EpETpnaE TOTC; auTou Ttoai, povac; Et;aKoaiac; napa0ai<; Ttoinad95 UEVOC;.

A t these games, Comaeus was the t h i r d o f b r o t h e r s to w i n i n b o x i n g . A p a n c r a t i o n was added, and the v i c t o r was Lygdamis o f Syracuse, a n e n o r m o u s m a n w h o measured out the s t a d i o n w i t h his feet i n o n l y 600 paces.

TcpooETeGn KEXnc; Kai EvtKa Kpat;i\ac; EaaaAoc;. TpiaKoaTf] 6 ' . ETopac; AOnvaToc; TpiaKoaTr) E ' . E9atpoc; AdKcov Kai S i a u X o v KuXcov AGnvatoc; 6 7Ti0Epvoc, TupavviSi. 100 TpiaKOOTfj c;'. Opuvcov ABrivatoc;, 6c; IliTTaKci) povopaxcdv dvnpeGn, OTdSiov.
th

OTdSiov. OTdSiov.
th th

A horse race was added, and the v i c t o r was Craxilas of Thessaly. 3 4 . Stomas o f A t h e n s 3 5 . Sphaerus o f L a c o n i a v i c t o r i n t h e double-course race. 36 . P h r y n o n o f Athens,
9

s t a d i o n race. s t a d i o n race.

C y l o n o f A t h e n s , w h o later attempted to set h i m s e l f up as t y r a n t , was the

w h o was k i l l e d i n single combat w i t h Pittacus,

s t a d i o n race.

86 ps. Io. Ant. fr. 34* (574 Ro.) Xiovou toij ACIKWVOC T6 aAua TtoSuVv f\v v(3'. 73 lii.) cf.Paus. 4,15,1; Phleg. Trail. F G r H i s t 257 F5 78 cf. Paus. 5,8,7 82 74s cf. Paus. 5,8,7; Philostr., gym. 12 (142,24-32 83 cf. Paus. 3,14,3; 4,23,4.10; 8,39,3 98 cf. Dion. Hal. 3,36,1 8 Cf. armen.: 22 feet. The number 52, while implausibly high, is attested in both P and ps. John of Antioch, and is thus to be preferred to the Armenian text. The Armenian translator either intentionally reduced the number to a more credible 22 feet or mistakenly copied this numeral from the succeeding entry (1. 88 of the Greek text); see also Moretti 1953,27f. 76 KAeorfToAspoc,] Kleoptilomeos armen. armen. 86 v(3' P ps. Io. Ant. K B ' armen. 85 Aupaiouc, Seal. Suopaiouc P Westldnder (SuopiKodc) 100 TpiaKoorij e' + Apu101 fliTxaKU)] aufder 9 O n the basis of parallel notices from Hippys of Rhegium and Diogenes Laertius, Rutgers' emendation names Arytamas as the stadion victor and Phrynon as the victor in the pancration (see app.). Although this restoration is plausible, it is uncertain whether it represents Africanus' original text. 96 KeAnq armen. K a i et lacuna P

cf. Dion. Hal. 3,1,3; Paus. 2,24,7

93 - 9 5

cf. Paus. 5,8,8; Philostr., gym. 12(142,32- 144,2 Ju.); Sol. 1,74

99 cf. Hdt. 5,71; Thuc. 1,126,3

100s cf. Hipp. Rheg. FGrHist 554 F3; Diog. Laert. 1,74

rdpae AdKtov ordSiov nayKpdriov Rutgers ex Hipp. Rheg. et Diog. Laert. lnsel Kos (eni xf] Kip) armen. | crrddiov < Rutgers

200

Iulius Africanus

F65 Victors in the Olympic Games

201 stadion race.

TpiaKOorij

EupuKXeiSac; AdKtov

axd6iov.

3 7 . Eurycleidas o f L a c o n i a

t h

TtpoaeTeGn a x d S i o v TtaiStov, Kai EVIKCX noXuviKnc'HAEiocTtpoaeTeGn xai Ttaiocov TtaXn K a i viKa'lTmoa0vr|c; AdKtov, 6c, 8iaXiTtcbv piav Tdc. E^fjc, rtevTE'OXupmdSac, dvSpcbv TtdXnv EviKnaE. TpiaKoorr] n ' . ' O X U V G E U C AdKcov TtpoaExeGn rtaiScov rtvxa0Xoc, Kai f j y t o v i a a v x o X O X E povoveviKa AevxEXiSac AdKcov. TpictKoaxfj G'. 'Pi\)/6Xaoc AdKtov TeacapaKoaxfj. 'OXUVGEUC, AdKtov xo OEOXEpov TeaaapaKoaTTJ a'. KXECovSac, nBaioc, TcpooExeGn 7tai6tov mrypfj, Kai EviKa OtXtoxac, Zu(3apixnc,. T a o a p a K o a x f | |3'. AuKcoxac, AdKcov T a o a p a K o a x f | y ' . KXEcov'Era8aupioc TfiaoapaKoaxf) 6'.
TEXCOV

A stadion race for boys was added, and the v i c t o r was Polynices o f Elis. A w r e s t l i n g contest f o r b o y s was also added. T h e v i c t o r was Hipposthenes o f Laconia, w h o s t a r t i n g w i t h the O l y m p i c s after the next one, was the v i c t o r i n axdSiov.
th

the men's w r e s t l i n g contest five times i n a row. 3 8 . Olyntheus of Laconia stadion race. A p e n t a t h l o n f o r boys was added, but this was the o n l y t i m e that they c o m

axd6iov. axdSiov. axdSiov. axd6iov. axdSiov. axd6iov. axdSiov. axdSiov, axd6iov. axd6iov.
t h t h t h

peted i n the contest. T h e v i c t o r was Deutelidas o f Laconia. 3 9 . Rhipsolaus o f L a c o n i a 4 0 . O l y n t h e u s o f L a c o n i a f o r a second t i m e 4 1 . Cleondas o f Thebes 4 2 . Lycotas o f Laconia 4 3 . Cleon of Epidaurus 4 4 . Gelon o f Laconia 4 5 . Anticrates o f E p i d a u r u s 4 6 . Chrysomaxus o f Laconia t e n d i n g goats, he caught a hare. 4 7 . Eurycles o f L a c o n i a 48 . Glycon of Croton
t h t h t h t h r d n d s t

stadion race. stadion race. stadion race. stadion race. stadion race. stadion race. stadion race. stadion race.

B o x i n g for boys was a d d e d , a n d the victor was Philotas o f Sybaris.

AdKtov

TEOoapaKoaxf] E'. AvxiKpdxnc'EmSaupioc TEaoapaKoaxfi c'- X p u a 6 p a c p c AdKtov TEOoapaKoaxij TEaoapaKoaxfi n'. EupuKXfjc AdKcov
TXUKCOV

K a i n o A u p f j a x c o p MiXrjaioc, Ttai6cov axdSiov, 6c, airtoXcov Xaytbv KaxEXaBs. Kpoxcovidxric,

Polymestor o f M i l e t u s was the v i c t o r i n the boys' s t a d i o n race. W h i l e he was stadion race. stadion race.

n u O a y o p a c , Zdpioc, KKpi0ic rcai6cov Ttuypfjv, Kai cbc, 0fjXuc xAfiuaCopEvoc,, Ttpo6dc, eic, xoi>c av6pac,, aTtavxac, E^fjc, EviKnae. TEaoapaKoaxrj 0'.
AUKIVOC,

Kpoxcovidxric,

axdSiov. oxd8iov. axd6iov. oxd6iov. axdSiov. axdSiov.


s t t h

Pythagoras o f Samos, after he was rejected f r o m boys' b o x i n g and m o c k e d for b e i n g w o m a n i s h , a d v a n c e d to men's b o x i n g a n d defeated everyone one after the other. 4 9 . Lycinus o f C r o t o n 5 0 . Epitelidas o f L a c o n i a T h e seven sages were designated. 5 1 . Eratosthenes o f C r o t o n 5 2 . Agis o f Elis 5 3 . H a g n o n o f Peparethus 5 4 . Hippostratus o f C r o t o n
t h r d n d t h

riVTr|KoaTr|.'EmxXi6ac; AdKtov o i 71x6; aotpoi cbvopda0r|aav. riVTr|KoaTr] a'.'Epaxoa0^vr|c, Kpoxcovidxric, IlVTr|KoaTrj 3'. 'Ayic, 'HXEIOC, IlEVTqKoaTr] y'. A y v t o v nTtaprj0ioc, IlVTr|Kotrxr] 5'.'iTUTtooxpaxoc. Kpoxcovidxric Aprjxtcov cpiyaXfiuc xo x p i x o v TO(3 7 l o 6 6 c UTt' EKEivOU.
VIKCOV

stadion race. stadion race. stadion race. stadion race. stadion race. stadion race.

rcayKpdxiov \|/iXco0ic drteGavE, K a i V E K -

poc aT<p0r|, cp0daavxoc dTTEinaaOai xoC dvxaycoviaxou, KXcopfivou auxcp

A r i c h i o n o f Phigaleia, t h e v i c t o r i n the p a n c r a t i o n for t h e t h i r d t i m e , d i e d


H8 ps. Io. A n t . fr. 35* (574 Ro.) noXuurjcrrcop 6 MiAjjaioc Xaycijv in noStiv Kantkafie. 130-132 121s Sync.

defenseless. Even t h o u g h he was dead, he was c r o w n e d as the victor, because his o p p o n e n t h a d a l r e a d y g i v e n up after his foot was b r o k e n by h i m .

(287,1s Moss.) rtoBayopac 6 Idpioc. VXvuniaaiv KKpi6eic, TtaiSuw nuyptjv wq anaXdq npotrBaq rovq avSpac. evixa. Sync. (287,2-5 Moss.) K a r a r f | v v5'OXupmdSa Appixia>v <I>iyaXeuc. TO rpirov VIKCJJV TtayKpatiov yiXiodeiq d7re8ave, veKpoc. te eare<p9r|, q)9doavToc, dneircaoGai TOU dvrayioviCTroO, KXcouievou TOU izoSbq im auroO. 103-105 Ju.) cf. Paus. 3,13,9; 5,8,9; Philostr., gym. 1 (134,14-16 Ju.)
3 3

107s

cf. Paus. 5,9,1; 6,15,8;

Philostr., gym. 13 (144,3-5 Ju.); S I G 1056,1s 112 cf. Paus. 5,8,9; S I G 1056,5s 120 cf. Paus. 10,7,4 121s Sol. 1,97

111 cf. Dion. Hal. 3,46,1; Philostr., gym. 13 (144,8-11 124 cf. Diod. Sic. 5,9,2;

118 cf. Philostr., gym. 13 (144,5-8 Ju.); 43 (168,18-24 Jii.); cf. Eratosthenes FGrHist 241 F l la

Dion. Hal. 4,1,1

1 3 0 - 1 3 2 cf. Paus. 8,40,1; Philostr., gym. 21 (150,5-9 Ju.); Philostr., imag. 2,6,1

112 XuPapirr|c, armen. auKctpirnc P

202

Iulius Africanus
th

F65 Victors in the Olympic Games

203 s t a d i o n race. s t a d i o n race. s t a d i o n race. s t a d i o n race. s t a d i o n race. s t a d i o n race. s t a d i o n race. s t a d i o n race.

nevrnKooTr] '.'ITCTCO0Tpa-roc, 6 avndc, T O 6eijTpov. OTE K u p o c . sBaaiXfiUE n s p a u v .


135

5 5 . T h e same H i p p o s t r a t u s for a s e c o n d t i m e A t t h a t t i m e C y r u s became k i n g o f t h e Persians. ardSiov. ardSiov. ardStov. ardSiov. ardSio-v. ardSiov. ardStov. 5 6 . P h a e d r u s o f Pharsalus 57 . L a d r o m u s o f Laconia 58 . Diognetus o f Croton 59 . A r c h i l o c h u s o f Corcyra 60 . Apellaeus o f Elis 61 . Agatharchus o f Corcyra 6 2 . E r y x i a s o f Chalcis
n d st th th th th th

IlVTT)KoaTr| <;'. OaiSpoc, OapodXtoc, riVTr|KOOTri A d S p o p o c , AdKcov nVTqKOOT-ri n ' . Atoyvtyroc, KpoTOj-vidTnc n V T T | K O O T f | 6'. A p x i X o x o c , KfipKUpaiOC, EcT|KOOTf|. ATtEXXaloc/HXEioc,

140 'E^r|KoaTr| a ' . A y d B a p x o c , KEpKupaioc.

E^r|KoaTr| P'.'Epu^iac, XaXKiSsuc.


MIXUJV

K p o T u i v t d r n c , TtdXnv- 6c,

VIKCI

O X u p m a <;dKic;, l l u t l i a E^dKic,,"Ia6pia ardSiov. crrdSiov. ardSiov. ardSiov.


th rd th

M i l o n o f C r o t o n was the v i c t o r i n w r e s t l i n g . H e was the v i c t o r six t i m e s at t h e O l y m p i c games, six times at t h e P y t h i a n games , ten t i m e s at the I s t h m i an games, a n d n i n e times at the N e m e a n games. 63 . Parmenides o f Camarina 6 4 . M e n a n d e r o f Thessaly 65 . Anochas o f Tarentum victor.
th

SEKaKLC,, N p a EWdKlC,. Ecr]KoaTr| y'. nappEvtSnc, K a p a p i v a i o c ,


145 Ei;r|KoaTr| 5 ' . M E v a v f i p o c , EaaaXEvc,

s t a d i o n race. s t a d i o n race. s t a d i o n race.

Ei;r|Korrrr| e'. A v o x a c , T a p a v r l v o c , n p o a T 0 r | onXiTric,, K a i Evbca Aapapryroc/HpaiEuc,. Ec;r|KoaTr| c;'. l a x u p o c T p E p a i o c , Ei;r|KoaTr|


150

A race o f m e n i n f u l l a r m o r was a d d e d , a n d Damaretus o f H e r a e a was t h e 66 . Ischyrus o f H i m e r a s t a d i o n race.

Oavdc, IlXXr|VucOTTXOV.

Ttpc&Toc, ETpiaaEOOEV, a r d S t o v , 6iauXov, Ei;r|KoaTr| n ' . ' I a o p a x o c , KpoTcovidrnc. Ecr|KoaTf| 0 ' . 6 auroc, T 6 SsurEpov. Ep6o-pqKoaTr|. NiKEac,
OTTOUVTIOC,

ordSiov. ardSiov. ardSiov. ardSiov.

6 7 . P h a n a s o f Pellene. H e w a s the first t o be the v i c t o r i n t h r e e races: the stadion race, the d o u b l e course race a n d the race i n f u l l a r m o r . 68 . Isomachus of Croton 6 9 . T h e same m a n , for a second t i m e 70 . Niceas o f Opus 71 . Tisicrates o f C r o t o n 7 2 . T h e same m a n , for a second t i m e .
n d st th th th

th

E | 3 6 o p r | K o a T r | a'. T i a i K p d r r | c . KpoTu>vidrr|c.
155 'E(38opr|Koo-Tri f3'. 6 a u r i c , T O SEurspov.

s t a d i o n race. s t a d i o n race. s t a d i o n race. s t a d i o n race.

E | 3 6 o p r | K o a T t i y'. A a r u a X o c , KpoTcovidxric, E(3SopnKocrtf] 6', 6 auroc, T O SfiurEpov. E|36opr|KOCTTr| e'. 6 aur6c, T O r p i r o v . 'E|36opriKoaTri <;'. ZKdpavSpoc, MiTuXiyvatoc,
160

ardSiov. ardSiov. ardSiov.

73 . Astyalus o f Croton 7 4 . T h e same m a n , for a second t i m e . 7 5 . T h e same m a n , for a t h i r d t i m e . 76 . Scamander o f Mytilene 77 . Dandes o f Argos
th th th th

r d

Ep6opnKocrTf) C. AdvSnc, Apysioc, 'E(3SourKocrrf| n ' . nappEviSnc, nociScovidrr|c.

s t a d i o n race. s t a d i o n race. s t a d i o n race.

134

F34,19s.41-48.67s; F62.2-4; F73,5s; F74 142s p s . Io. Ant. fr. 36* (574 Ro.) MiXwv 6 KpoTto-

7 8 . P a r m e n i d e s o f Poseidonia

th

vidTnc, evknoev 'OXupma E.dKic "IaGpia SEK&KIC,, NEpsa Evvdiac,. 137 cf. Paus. 10,5,13 140 cf. Dion. Hal. 4,41,1 141 cf. I a m b i , vit. Pythag. 7,35 142 cf. Simonides

in Anth. Graeca 16,24; Diod. Sic. 12,9,5; Strabo 6,1,12; Paus. 6,14,5; Philostr., gym. 1 (134,14-19 Ju.) 144 cf. Diod. S i c . 1,68,6 146 cf. Paus. 6,14,11 147 cf. Paus. 5,8,10; 6,10,4; 8,26,2;10,7,7; Philostr., gym. 13 (144,11-13 Jii.); S I G 1056,7s 151 cf. Dion. Hal. 5,1,1 152 cf. Dion. Hal. 5,37,1 153 cf. Dion. Hal. 5,50,1 154 cf. Dion. Hal. 6,1,1 155 cf. Dion. Hal. 6,34,1; Paus. 6,9,5 156 cf. Dion. Hal. 8,1,1; Plin., nat. hist. 34,8,19; Paus. 6,13,1; Clem. Alex., Strom. 3,6,50 157 cf. Dion. Hal. 8,77,1 158 cf. Diod. S i c . 11,1,2; Dion. Hal. 9,1,1 159 cf. Diod. Sic. 11,48,1; Dion. Hal. 9,18,1 160 cf. Simonides in A n t h . Graeca 13,14; Diod. Sic. 11,53,1; Dion. Hal. 9,37,1 161 cf. Diod. Sic. 11,65,1; Dion. Hal. 9,56,1
3

145 Mvov6poc, armen. EuavSpoc, P 147 TipaiEuc. armen. Paus. f|pcuo\eiSr|C P 153 NiKEac, armen. Dion. Hal. viKCtkrrac, P 159 icdpo.v5poc, armen. Dion. Hal. CKapdvSpioc, P Diod. Sic.

204

Iulius Africanus

F65 Victors in the Olympic Games

205 stadion race. stadion race.

'EBSopnKOcrxf] 0'. Sgvocpdv KopivGioc, XDySonKocrrf]. Topuppac, e a a a X o c , T t d X r | v A u n a t v d c ; BapKaloc, 6c; a a v cqa.y(j)v auvyupvda0r|.
BOUKOXWV

axdSiov. oxdSiov. xaupto eyupvd(exo- 6v Kai eic,


ITL-

79 . Xenophon o f C o r i n t h 80 . Torymmas o f Thessaly


th

th

Amesinas o f Barce w a s t h e v i c t o r i n w r e s t l i n g . H e t r a i n e d w i t h a b u l l w h i l e he was t e n d i n g cattle. H e even b r o u g h t it to Pisa a n d t r a i n e d w i t h i t . 8 1 . Polymnastus o f C y r e n e 8 2 . Lycus o f Larissa 8 3 . Crisson o f H i m e r a 8 4 . T h e same m a n , f o r a second t i m e . 8 5 . T h e same m a n , f o r a t h i r d t i m e .
th th rd n d st

'Oy6or|KO<rrr| a'. noXupvaaxoc, K u p n v a l o c , ' O y 6 o r | K o c x r i 6'. A U K O C . Aapiaaaioc, 'Oy6or|KC>cTxr| y'. Kpiaaojv'Ipepaioc, 'OySonKOOxfi 5'. 6 auxoc, T O 6euxepov. X>ySor|Kocrrr| s'. 6 auxoc, T 6 x p i x o v . ' O y 5 o r | K O 0 T r | c/. eoTcoprtoc, e a a a X o c , X)y8or|Kocrrr| C. Ecocpptov ApBpaKtd)xr|c, ev el) 6QeXonovvncriaK6c, noXepoc, auveKpoxfj0r|. *Oy6or]KO0Trj n ' . Zuppavoc, Meaafivioc, 'Oy6or|Kooxr| 6'. 6 auxoc, x6 Seuxepov. "EvvevnvcotrTfj.TTtepPioc, EupaKouaioc, ' E v v e v n i c o r r r i a'. EcAyevxoc, A K p a y a v x i v o c , " E w e v n K o i r r r i B'. 6 auTOc, T O S e u t e p o v . 'EvvevnicofrTfi y'. EuBaroc, K u p n v a l o c ,

oxd5iov. axdSiov. CTTd8iov.

stadion race. stadion race. stadion race.

axd8iov. axdSiov. axd6iov. OTd8iov. axdiov. axd5iov.


YUUVOC,

86 . Theopompus o f Thessaly 8 7 . Sophron o f A m b r a c i a A t this t i m e , t h e P e l o p o n n e s i a n war broke o u t . 8 8 . Symmachus o f M e s s e n i a 8 9 . T h e same m a n , f o r a second t i m e . 9 0 . Hyperbius o f Syracuse 9 1 . Exagentus o f Acragas 9 2 . T h e same m a n , f o r a second t i m e . 9 3 . Eubatus o f C y r e n e
rd n d st th th th th

th

stadion race. stadion race. s t a d i o n race. s t a d i o n race. s t a d i o n race. s t a d i o n race.

Ttay<pTiov rioXuSapac, Z K O t o u a a a i o c , uTtepiiEYeGnc, 6c, ev riepaaic, n a p d

Polydamas o f Scotussa, a huge man, was the v i c t o r i n the pancration. W h e n he was at the c o u r t o f O c h u s among the Persians, he k i l l e d lions a n d f o u g h t u n a r m e d against a r m e d m e n ; he even stopped chariots advancing at t o p speed.

" x> Qa

)v6pevoc, Xeovrac, dvfjpei, K a i coTcXiapevouc,

KaTnYOJviaato-

'iertT] 8i K a i a p p a x a eXauvopeva Kaxd Kpdxoc,. TCpooeTeGn cruvojpic,, Kai eviKa EuaY6pac,'HXeioc,. ' E v v e v n K O J x f ] 8'. KpoKivac, A a p i a a a i o c , ' E v v e v n K O i r x r i e'. Mivcov ABnvaioc, ' E v v e v q K O i r x r i c/. Eu7t6Xepoc,'HXeioc, TtpooeTeOn aaXmYKTric;, Kai eviKa Tipaioc,'HXeioc,. 7tpooeTe9r| Kai Kfjpui;, K a i e v i K a Kpdxnc,'HXeioc,. axdSiov. axdSiov. axdSiov.
th th

A race was a d d e d f o r chariots d r a w n by a p a i r o f horses, and Evagoras o f Elis was the v i c t o r . 9 4 . Crocinas o f Larissa 9 5 . M i n o n of A t h e n s 9 6 . Eupolemus o f Elis A herald contest was a d d e d , and Crates o f Elis was the victor.
th

s t a d i o n race. s t a d i o n race. s t a d i o n race.

A t r u m p e t contest was a d d e d , and Timaeus o f Elis was the victor.


172s -> r8la,2-5 180-182 Sync. (306,15-17 Moss.) TOTE Sr) Kai noXu6duac, iKoxouaaloc, naY187 Sync. (310,15 Moss.)

Kpdxiov vwroaq

n a p TIYII) TO Tlepowv BaoiXei yeyove perd xpovovq, Xeovxac, Staxpwpevoc, Kai

(iTtXiCTpevoicyuu-vdc. noXepav, nappv/tQnc. vndpxwv Kai aXKipiinaToq. aXniYKTtI>v<Kai> KnpuKiov dyuv TtpoaexeBri ev 'OXupnlq. 162

cf. P i i d . , Olymp. 13; Diod. Sic. 11,70,1; Dion. Hal. 9,61,1; Paus. 4,24,5 164s cf. Philostr., gym. 43 (168,18-23 Jil.) 166 167 cf. Dion. Hal. 10,53,1 172 cf. Diod. Sic. 12,37,1

163

cf. Diod. Sic.

11,77,1; DiOL. H a l . 10,1,1 Dion. H a l . 10,26,1 Diod. Sic. 1233,1

cf. Diod. Sic. 11,84,1; 171 cf.

168 cf. Diod. Sic. 12,5,1; Dion. Hal. 11,1,1; 10,61,1; 174 cf. Diod. Sic. 12,49,1; Paus. 6,2,10 175 cf. Diod.

Paus. 5 , 2 3 , 4 ; C l e m . Alex., Strom. 3,6,50 Sic. 12,65, l;Paus. 6,2,10

169 cf. Diod. Sic. 12,23,1 170 cf. Diod. Sic. 12,29,1

176 cf. Diod. Sic. 12,77,1


3

177 cf. Diod. Sic. 12,82,1; Aelian., varia hist. 2,8 1 8 0 - 1 8 2 cf. Paus. 6,5,1s 185 cf. Diod. Sic. 184 cf. Diod. Sic. 14,3,1

178 cf. Diod. S i c . 13,34,1; 13,82,7 14,35,1

179 cf. Diod. Sic. 13,68,1; Paus. 6,8,3

183 cf. D i o c . S i c . 13,75,1; Paus. 5,8,10; S I G 1056,10s 186 cf. Diod. Sic. 14,54,1; Paus. 6,3,7; 8,45,4

174 MeooTjvLoc, armen. pepXijvioc, P 179 Efj(3axoc. Diod. Sic. Eurotos armen. euKatoc, P armen. p6vuv P Mivioc, Diod. Sic.

185 Miva>v

206 'Evve"vr|KOOTf|

Iulius Africanus

F65 Victors in the Olympic Games

207 stadion race. s t a d i o n race.

TEpivaloc'HXetoc

crrdSiov. cnrdSiov. axdSiov.

9 7 . Terinaeus o f Elis 9 8 . Sosippus o f D e l p h i a r o u n d the m i d d l e . 9 9 . D i c o n o f Syracuse


th th

th

'EvvEvr|KO0Tf] n'. EtbaiTmoc, AeXcpoc, XpiOToSnpoc/HAeloc, itdAnv- ou peoa ouSelc, eAa|38v. EvvevnKOOTf] 0'. AiKcuv EupaKOuaioc, Ttpo0TE9n xeOpiTtnov
EKOTOOTT] TIUJXIKOV,

A r i s t o d e m u s o f Elis was the v i c t o r i n wrestling. N o - o n e c o u l d h o l d h i m s t a d i o n race.

Kai Evbxa EupupVroc, AdKcov.


ardSiov. crrdSiov. aTaStov. ardSiov. ordSiov. atd6iov. ard6iov. otdSiov. aTa5iov.> ordSiov. ardSiov. ardSiov.
VIKIIV

'EKaToarrj. AiovuaoScopoc, T a p a v t i v o c , a'. Adpaiv oupioc


SEUTEPOV.

A f o u r - h o r s e chariot race was a d d e d , a n d Eurybatus o f Laconia was the v i c tor. 100 . D i o n y s o d o r u s o f T a r e n t u m 101 . D a m o n of T h u r i i 1 0 2 . T h e same m a n , for a second t i m e .
nd st th

E K a T o a t f ] S ' . 6 auxoc; T 6

s t a d i o n race. s t a d i o n race. s t a d i o n race. s t a d i o n race. stadion race. s t a d i o n race. s t a d i o n race. s t a d i o n race. s t a d i o n race.> s t a d i o n race. s t a d i o n race. stadion race.

E K a T o a t f ] y'. nuOooTpatoc'Ecpeoioc; E K a T o a r f ] 5 ' . OtoKtSqc, A 0 q v a i o c ai3TT| UTto r i i a a i a i v T 0 n . 'EKarooTT] E ' . ntbpoc. KupqvaToc, E K a T o a r r j c,'. 6 auroc, T O SeutEpov. EKaTOOtfi C- MtKpivac, T a p a v t i v o c , E K a r o o T i i r\'. lloAuKAf|c; Kupnvaloc, E K a r o a T i j 9 ' . A p i a t o X o x o c ; AOnvatoc, <EKaTO0Tf| i ' . AvtiKXfjc; A O n v a i o c EKaTootf] i a ' . KXEopavtic; KAEttdpioc E K a T o a t r j i(3'. EupuXac; XaXKiSeuc,

1 0 3 . P y t h o s t r a t u s o f Ephesus 1 0 4 . P h o c i d e s o f Athens T h e contest was h e l d b y the people o f Pisa. 105 . P o r u s o f Cyrene 106 . T h e same m a n , for a second t i m e . 107 . M i c r i n a s o f T a r e n t u m 1 0 8 . Polycles o f Cyrene 1 0 9 . A r i s t o l o c h u s o f Athens < 1 1 0 . A n t i c l e s o f Athens 11 I . C l e o m a n t i s o f Cleitor 112 . E u r y l a s o f C h a l c i s A l e x a n d e r captured B a b y l o n a n d k i l l e d D a r i u s . 113 . C l i t o n o f Macedonia atdSiov. p e r s o n a l l y a n n o u n c e d his v i c t o r y i n A r g o s . 1 1 4 . M i c i n a s o f Rhodes axdSiov. atd5iov. axdSiov. P t o l e m y became k i n g o f Egypt a n d A l e x a n d r i a . 115 . D a m a s i a s o f A m p h i p o l i s 1 1 6 . D e m o s t h e n e s o f Laconia 117 . P a r m e n i d e s o f M y t i l e n e
th th th th th th t h th th th th th th th

rd

AXt;av6poc; Ba(3uXcova
'EKOTOOTTJ

K a t t o x E , AapEtov Ka0Xd)v.

iy'.

K X i t a i v MaKfiStbv

AyEuc; ApYEioc; S o X i x o v , 6c, ev A p y e t xrjv e a u t o u a u 0 r ) p e p 6 v dvrJYYeiXev. E K a T o o t f ] i 5 ' . MiKivac'PoSioc, T O U Kai AXe^av6peiac, epaoiXeuoe IlToXepaioc,. 'EKaxoaTfj I E ' . Aapaaiac, ApcpmoXiTnc, 'EKaToaxf] ic;'. Ar]poa0vr|c, AdKtov EKaxooTrj iC,'. n a p p v i 6 n c , M i T u X n v a i o i ;

Ageus o f A r g o s was the v i c t o r i n t h e l o n g race. O n the v e r y same day, he stadion race.

AAe^avSpoc, exeXedTnae- pe0' 6v eic, noXXouc, 6iaipe0eianc, tfjc, dpvjjc,, ALYUTC-

A l e x a n d e r died, and his k i n g d o m was subsequently d i v i d e d a m o n g many. stadion race. stadion race. stadion race.

208 - > F73.22-24; F82,34

213s -> F82.35; F86.1-3

189 cf. Diod. S i c . 14,94,1 190 cf. Diod. Sic. 14,107,1 191 cf. Paus. 6,3,4 192 cf. Diod. Sic. 15,14,1; Paus. 6,3,1 l ; A n t h . Graec. 13,15 193 cf. Paus. 5,8,10; S I G 1056,12s 194 cf. Diod. Sic. 15,23,1 195 cf. Diod. S i c . 15,36,1; Paus. 7,25,4 196 cf. Diod. Sic. 15,50,1; Paus. 4,27,9; 6,5,3; 8,27,8 197 cf. Diod. Sic. 15,71,1 198s cf. Diod. Sic. 15,78,1; Paus. 6,22,3 200 cf. Diod. Sic. 16,2,1; Paus. 10,2,3 201 cf. Diod. S i c . 16,15,1 202 cf. Diod. Sic. 16,37,1 203 cf. Diod. Sic. 16,53,1; Paus. 10,3,1 204 cf. Diod. Sic. 16,69,1 205 cf. Diod. Sic. 16,77,1 206 cf. Diod. Sic. 16,91,1 207 cf. Diod. Sic. 17,40,1
3

209 cf. Diod. S i c . 17,82,1 212 cf. Diod. Sic. 17,113,1 1069 217 cf. D i o d . Sic. 19,77,1 190 AE\(fbq a r m e n . doEAipoc, P 15,78,1) rcdXn P rtdAnv Seal. 200 191

216

cf. Diod. Sic. 19,17,1; Paus. 6,16,8

SIG

\xzoa Seal, utaac, P

198

crrdSiov armen. (cf. etiam Diod. Sic. 205 restituimus ex

Ilcopoe armen. Paus. Diod. Sic. rcaupoe P

armen. | AvtiicXf|e Diod. Sic. Anikles armen.

208

Iulius Africanus OTd6iov. TtayKpdTiov,


CIKOVTIOV,
th

F65 Victors in the Olympic Games 118 . A n d r o m e n e s o f C o r i n t h v i c t o r i n a l l t h e m a j o r games i n three age g r o u p s . OTdSiov. OTd6iov. 119 . A n d r o m e n e s o f C o r i n t h 120 . Pythagoras o f M a g n e s i a < o n the M a e a n d e r > 1 2 1 . Pythagoras, f o r a second t i m e . OTdSiov. OTdoiov. 0Td6iov. 0Td6lOV. OTdSiov. OTdSiov. 0Td6iov. ardSiov. OTdSiov. OTdSiov. ApadKnc;, 60ev OTdSiov. ardSiov. OTdSiov. OTdSiov. OTdSiov. OTdSiov. OTdSiov. cndSiov. OTdSiov. 122 . Antigonus o f Macedonia 1 2 3 . The same m a n , f o r a second t i m e . 124 . P h i l o m e l u s o f Pharsalus 125 . Ladas o f A e g i u m 1 2 6 . Idaeus o r N i c a t o r o f Cyrene 1 2 7 . Perigenes o f A l e x a n d r i a 1 2 8 . Seleucus o f M a c e d o n i a 1 2 9 . Philinus o f C o s 1 3 0 . T h e same m a n , f o r a second t i m e . 131 . A m m o n i u s o f Alexandria 1 3 2 . Xenophanes o f A e t o l i a < f r o m A m p h i s s a > 1 3 3 . Simylus o f N e a p o l i s was Arsaces, w h e n c e the Arsacids. 1 3 4 . Alcidas o f L a c o n i a 135 . Eraton o f A e t o l i a the v i c t o r i n b o x i n g . 1 3 6 . Pythocles o f S i c y o n 1 3 7 . Menestheus o f B a r c y l a 138 . Demetrius o f Alexandria 1 3 9 . Iolaidas o f A r g o s 1 4 0 . Z o p y r u s o f Syracuse 141 . Dorotheus o f Rhodes 1 4 2 . Crates o f A l e x a n d r i a Heracles; a n d he w a s registered as "second after Heracles". 1 4 3 . Heracleitus o f Samos
rd nd st th th th th th th th rd nd st th th th th th th th rd nd st th th

209 stadion race.

"EKaTOOTf) in'. AvSpopevrjc, K o p i v S i o c Avrrjvcop 220 A0r]vaioc r\ MtXrjaioc, dAeiTtToc; ev talc tpiaiv rjAiKiaic;. 'EKaToorf] 10'. AvSpopevnc; K o p i v 0 i o c 'EKaTooT-fj K ' . n u 0 a y 6 p a c M d y v r ] c , <dTto M a i d v 6 p o u > TtdXnv K e p d c Apyeioc, oc, x Ade, dTt07ta (3ooc. 'EKaTooxfi Ka'. Iiu0ay6pac, T O Setrtepov. 225 "EKaToaTrj K(3'. AvTtyovoc, MaKeStbv 'EKaTOOTfi K y ' . 6 avxoc, T O Sefrrepov. EKCiTOOTr| K 6 ' . OiXopnXoc <PapadXioc, EKaTOOTf] Ke'. AdSac, Aiyieuc, 'EKaTOOTf] Kq'.'ISaloc fj NiKdTtop KupnvaToc; 230 'EKaTOOTf] K ( ' . neptyevr]c, AAecavSpeuc 'EKaToaTf) Kn'. SeXeoKoc; MaKe6cbv 'EKaTOOTf] K0'. OiAtvoc, Ktboc, 'EKaToaTf] X ' . 6 auToc T 6 Sefrrepov. "EKaTOOTf] Xa'. Apptuvioc, AAeEavSpeuc, 235 EKaTOOTf] X(3'. Hevo9dvnc; AirujAoc, <ii\ Ap<piaoT]c;> 'EKaToaTf] X y ' . ZipuAoc. NeaTtoXiTnc n d p 9 o i MaKeSovcov dneaTnaav, Kai npcbToc e(3aoiXeuaev ApoaKiSai. 'EKaTOOTf] A 5 ' . AAKiSac. AdKOJv 2 10 'EKaTOOTf] Xe'.'EpdTtuv A I T O J X O C ; Truypf]v KAe6c;Evoc AXe^avSpeuc; TTepio5oviKT|c, aTpaupaTtoToc;. 'EKaTOOTf] Ac/. no0OKXf]C, ZlKUCOVlOC, 'EKaTOOTf] X ( ' . Mevea0euc, BapKuXiTnc "EKaToaTf] X n ' . AnpnTpioc, AAee.avSpei)c, 245 'EKaTOOTf] X0'.'IoXaT6ac, Apyeioc, EKaToaTf] p ' . ZcbiTupoc, SupaKouaioc, EKaTOOTf] pa'. Au>p60eoc,'P66ioc, "EKaTOOTf] p(3'. KpdTnc, AAe^avSpeuc Sevrrepoc, dcp"HpaKAecnx;. EKaTOOTf] py'.'HpdKAeiToc, Zdpioc,
n

TrepioSoviKiic,

A n t e n o r o f A t h e n s o r M i l e t u s , i n the p a n c r a t i o n , j a v e l i n , and u n d e f e a t e d stadion race. stadion race.

Ceras o f A r g o s w a s t h e v i c t o r i n w r e s t i i n g . H e tore the hooves o f f a cow. s t a d i o n race. s t a d i o n race. s t a d i o n race. s t a d i o n race. s t a d i o n race. s t a d i o n race. s t a d i o n race. s t a d i o n race. s t a d i o n race. s t a d i o n race.

The Parthians r e v o l t e d against the M a c e d o n i a n s ; the first to be t h e i r k i n g s t a d i o n race. s t a d i o n race.

Cleoxenus o f A l e x a n d r i a , w i n n e r i n a l l t h e m a j o r games w i t h o u t i n j u r y , w a s s t a d i o n race. s t a d i o n race. s t a d i o n race. s t a d i o n race. s t a d i o n race. s t a d i o n race. s t a d i o n race.

KdTtpoc'HAeioc; TtdXnv Kai TtayKpdTiov evhca p e 0 " H p a K A e a Kai dvaypdcpeTai 250 OTdoiov.

Caprus o f Elis was the v i c t o r b o t h i n w r e s t l i n g a n d the p a n c r a t i o n , n e x t after s t a d i o n race.

218 cf. D i o d . Sic. 20,37,1 221 cf. Diod. Sic. 20,91,1 228 cf. Paus. 3,21,1; 10,23,14 6,12,2 232s cf. Paus. 6,17,2 249s cf. Paus. 6,15,3.10; Lucian., verae hist. 2,22

229 cf. Paus.

219 CVK6VTIOV] cucoviri Rutgers dywvicmjc (?) armen. 222 cra6 MoidvSpou armen. 223 TtdXnv < armen. 2 3 2 Kffioc, + hinziigefugt ward das Fullen-Zweigespann, und es siegte Philiasticos des Maketos armen. 234 AXeceivdpeue + hinzugefiigt ward das Fallen-Einpferd, und es siegte Ippokrates des Ordthesalosaxmen. 235 E Aucpiocmc, armen. 240 AiroiXde Seal. airioXioc P 249 Kdrtpoe Paus. Kdpoe P Kdrtoe armen.

210

Iulius Africanus

F65 Victors in the Olympic Games

211 s t a d i o n race. s t a d i o n race.

'EKaxoaxf] p S ' . ' H p a K X E i o n c , Z a X a p i v t o c , 'EKaxoaxf) pe'. I l u p p i a c ; A i x t o X o c ,

<EK

KuTtpou>

axdStov. axdStov.

1 4 4 . Heracleides o f Salamis < f r o m C y p r u s > 145 . Pyrrhias of Aetolia who


th

th

Tta[8a)v Ta>ypf|v M o o x o c ; K o X o 9 t b v t o c , - p o v o c , 7taL6iKf|v T t p l o 6 o v . 255

M o s c h u s o f C o l o p h o n was the v i c t o r i n boys' b o x i n g . H e was the o n l y b o y was the v i c t o r i n a l l the m a j o r games. A boys' p a n c r a t i o n was i n t r o s t a d i o n race. s t a d i o n race.
axdoiov.

TTpooexeGn rtaiScov rcayKpdxiov, Kai e v i K a <t>ai5ipoc, A X e c a v o p e u c , . 'EKaxoaxf) pc;'.


MIKICOV

Botdmoc,

d u c e d , a n d P h a e d i m u s o f A l e x a n d r i a was the victor. 146 . M i c i o n o f Boeotia 1 4 7 . A g e m a c h u s o f Cyzicus


th th

'EKaToaifj pC'. A y e p a x o c , K u C t K r | v 6 c ,
nctXr|v K A e i x o a x p a x o c / P o S t o c , - 6c, x p a x n X i t l a r v dTteXdp(5avev.

aTd8tov.
axdoiov. axdSiov. axdSiov. axdSiov. axdSiov. axdSiov. axdSiov.

'EKaxoaxf) p n ' . A p K s a i X a o c , M E y a X o r t o X i x r ] c ,
260 'EKaxoaxf] p G ' . ' l T m o a x p a x o c , Z E X E U K E U C , < E K iliEpiac,>

C l e i t o s t r a t u s o f Rhodes was the v i c t o r i n w r e s t l i n g . B y t w i s t i n g t h e i r necks, he o v e r c a m e his opponents. 148 . Arcesilaus o f Megalopolis 1 4 9 . H i p p o s t r a t u s o f Seleucia < i n P i e r i a > 1 5 0 . O n e s i c r i t u s o f Salamis 1 5 1 . T h y m i l u s o f Aspendus 1 5 2 . D e m o c r i t u s o f Megara 1 5 3 . A r i s t a n d e r o f Lesbos < f f o m A n t i s s a > 1 5 4 . L e o n i d a s o f Rhodes, three t i m e s v i c t o r 1 5 5 . T h e same m a n , for a second t i m e . 1 5 6 . T h e same m a n , for a t h i r d t i m e . < A r i s t o m e n e s > o f Rhodes was t h e t h i r d f r o m Heracles t o be the v i c t o r b o t h
th th th rd nd st th th th

'EKaxoaxf] v ' . ' O v n a i K p t x o c , Z a X a p i v t o c , 'EKaxoaxf] v a ' . u p t X o c , 'EKaxoaxf) vy'.


ACTTCEVSIOC,

s t a d i o n race, s t a d i o n race, s t a d i o n race, s t a d i o n race, s t a d i o n race, s t a d i o n race, s t a d i o n race.

'EKaxoaxf) vpV. A n p o K p t x o c , M E y a p s u c ,
A p i a x a v S p o c , A e a f h o c , <EC, A v x i a c m c , > 265 'EKaxoaxf) v 5 ' . A c o v i 8 a c , ' P 6 5 t o c , xptaaxf]c,

"EKaxoaxf) v e ' . 6 a u x o c . x o S s u x e p o v .
TiKaxoaTfj v c / . 6 auxoc, x d xpixov. < A p t a x o p e v r | c , > ' P 6 5 i o c , xpixoc, d c p " H p a K X s o u c , TtdXqv o p o u Kai TtayKpdxtov.

'EKaxoatfj v t 7 . A s a j v i S a c ,
270

TO

XExapxov a x d S i o v , p o v o c ,

SE

K a i Ttpcoxoc, e n i

x e a o a p a c ; ' O X u p m d S a c , oxecpdvouc, ' O X u p m a K o u c , exei 6 t o 8 e K a .

'EKaxoaxf) v n ' . " O p 9 c o v Z u p a K o u a t o c .


E K a x o a x f ) v 9 ' . A X K i p o c , KuCtKiyvoc, ' E K a x o a x f ) ;'. A y v o S c o p o c , Ku(iKqvoc,

axdSiov. axdSiov. axdSiov. axdSiov. axdSiov. axdStov. axdSiov. axdSiov. axdSiov.

i n w r e s d i n g a n d the p a n c r a t i o n . 1 5 7 . L e o n i d a s , v i c t o r for the f o u r t h t i m e Olympics. 1 5 8 . O r t h o n o f Syracuse 1 5 9 . A l c i m u s o f Cyzicus 1 6 0 . H a g n o d o r u s o f Cyzicus 1 6 1 . A n t i p a t e r o f Epirus 162 . D a m o n o f Delphi 1 6 3 . T i m o t h e u s o f Tralles
rd nd st th th th th

s t a d i o n race.

H e w a s t h e first a n d o n l y m a n t o o b t a i n 12 O l y m p i c c r o w n s over f o u r s t a d i o n race. s t a d i o n race. s t a d i o n race. s t a d i o n race. s t a d i o n race. s t a d i o n race. s t a d i o n race. s t a d i o n race. s t a d i o n race. s t a d i o n race. s t a d i o n race. s t a d i o n race. s t a d i o n race.

'EKaxoaxf| c j a ' . A v x i n a x p o c , ' H n e i p t u x r | c ,


275 E K a x o a x f ) ;($'. A d p a r v AeXcpoc, E K a x o a x f ) ivy'. T t p o G e o c , T p a X X t a v o c , E K a x o a x f ) t ; S ' . Bottoxdc, Z I K U O J V I O C , ' E K a x o a x f ] cje'. A K O u a i X a o c , K u p n v a i o c ,

'EKaxoaxf) cjc/. X p u a o y o v o c , N t K a e u c ,
280 'EKaxoaxf) ' 6 a u x o c , x d S s u x e p o v . ' E K a x o a x f ) fyr\'. N t K o p a x o c , OiXaSeXcpeuc, E K a x o a x f ) c;9'. N t K o S n p o c , A a K e S a i i i o v i o c ,

axdSiov. axdSiov. axdSiov. axdSiov.

1 6 4 . B o e o t u s o f Sicyon 1 6 5 . A c u s i l a u s o f Cyrene 1 6 6 . C h r y s o g o n u s o f Nicaea 1 6 7 . T h e same m a n , for a second t i m e . 168 . Nicomachus o f Philadelphia 1 6 9 . N i c o d e m u s o f Lacedaemon
th th th th th

th

'EKaxoatij o ' . Z t p p i a c ,

ZEXEUKEUC,

dno T i y p i o c ,

'EKaxoaxf) o a ' . L l a p p e v i a K o c , KepKupatoc,

269s ps. Io. A n t . fr. 33* (572 Ro.) AewviSr|C povoc. Kai npaVroc, im TEcrcrapac OXupmddac, aTEcpdvouc,
ECXVE 5u)8EKa.

1 7 0 . S i m m i a s o f Seleuceia o n the T i g r i s 171 . Parmeniscus o f Corcyra


st

th

255 cf.Paus. 5,8,11; Philostr., gym. 13 (144,13-17 Jii.) Xl<u)V T 921 Paus. 7,16,10 2 6 8 cf. Paus. 5,21,10

257 cf. Paus. 6,13,7

258 cf. Suda xpaxn-

269s cf. Paus. 6,13,4; Philostr., gym. 33 (158,18-20 lii.) 273 cf.

252 E K KuTtpou armen. 253 AirajXdc, Seal. alruAioc. P 254 TCaiSiKqv Seal. TtatSi Tny P 259 ApKEaiAaoc, armen. dKeoiXaoc, P 260 EK LTiEpiac, armen. 264 it, Avxioor|C, armen. 268 ApiOTopevnc, Paus. Aristosenes a r m e n . 273 AyvoSopoc, Gutschmid Andddros armen. dv<i5u)Koq P

212

Iulius Africanus

F65 Victors in the Olympic Games


nd

213 stadion r a c e .

285

'EKaTocrtf] 0 6 ' . EfjSauoc, Kcboc dcp"HpaKX80ui;. ' E K a T o a r f ) o y ' . IlappeviaKOc; KspKupaloc; T O devxepov <!EKaToarf) 0 8 ' . A a p o a r p a r o c A a p i a a l o c

ard8iov.

1 7 2 . Eudamus o f C o s a n d the p a n c r a t i o n , t h e f o u r t h f r o m Heracles t o d o so.

npcoT09dvnc; M d y v t j c <drto M a i d v 6 p o u > TtdAnv Kai nayKpdnov, TEraproc ardoiov. ard6'iov.> peraTtEpH'apEvou. ardSiov. ardSiov. ard6iov. i j p s p a Tta(6cov K a i dyEveicov T E a a a p a c ardSiov. ardSiov. ard8iov. ardSiov. crd5iov.

Protophanes o f M a g n e s i a < o n the M a e a n d e r > was the v i c t o r i n w r e s t l i n g 173 . Parmeniscus o f C o r c y r a , for a second t i m e < 1 7 4 . D a m o s t r a t u s o f Larissa 175 . Epaenetus o f A r g o s , boys' m o n e d all o f t h e m t o R o m e . 176 . D i o n o f Cyparissus 177 . Hecatomnos o f Elis 178 . Diocles H y p e p e n u s
th th th th th rd

stadion r a c e . stadion race.> stadion race.

290

' E K a r o a r f ) o e ' . O T d 5 i o v T i a i 6 u ) v . ' E n a i v T 6 c ; ApyEibcd v 8 p c y a p O U K fjycoviaavro, E u X X a Ttdvrac Eic'Pcbpnv ' E K a r o a r f ) o c / . Aicov KuTtapiaaEuc ' E K a r o a T f ) oC.'EKardpvcoc'HXEioc ' E K a r o a t f ) o r | ' . AioKAfjc;'YTt7tr|v6c,

M a l e athletes d i d n o t compete i n the s t a d i o n race, because Sulla h a d s u m s t a d i o n race. s t a d i o n race. stadion race.

295

Z r p a r o v i K O C K o p p d y o u A X e c a v 8 p U C , rcdXr|V Kai TtayKpdriov TtEpTtroc dcp' ' H p a K X e o u c - 6c. NEpEa rfj a u r f j


a r e c p a v o d c EOXEV t . . . t .

Stratonicus o f A l e x a n d r i a , son o f Corragus, was t h e v i c t o r i n wrestling a n d t h e p a n c r a t i o n , t h e f i f t h f r o m Heracles to d o so; at the N e m e a n games, he o b t a i n e d four c r o w n s o n the same day i n the contests for boys a n d youths t . . - t 179 . Andreas o f L a c e d a e m o n 180 . Andromachus o f A m b r a c i a 1 8 1 . Lamachus o f T a u r o m e n i u m 182 . Anthestion o f Argos p a n c r a t i o n , the s i x t h f r o m Heracles to d o so. 183 . Theodorus o f Messenia Iulius Caesar b e c a m e sole ruler o f the R o m a n s .
rd nd st th th 1 0

' E K a r o a r f ) o 9 ' . AvSpsac A a K f i S a i p o v i o c ' E K a r o a r f ) n ' . A v 8 p 6 p a x o c ApBpaKicbrr|c 300 ' E K a r o a r f ) 7 t a ' . A d p a x o c T a u p o p v i r r | c ' E K a r o a r f ) rt(5'. Av0aricov A p y E l o c E K a r o a r f ) n y ' . E65ojpoc MEafjvioc ' I o u X i o c K a l a a p EpovdpxnaE'Ptopaicov. 305 ' E K a r o a r f ) rcS'. 6 a u r 6 c r o SEOTEpov. A u y o u a r o c ' P c o p a t u j v EBaaiXfiUE. ' E K a r o a r f j rce'. Apiarcov o u p i o c E K a r o a r f ) rcc;'. l K d p a v 5 p o c AXE^avSpeuc <Tfjc Tpa)d8oc> ' E K a r o a r f ) T T C - Apiarcov o u p i o c 310 ' E K a r o a r f ) T i n ' . Zcbitarpoc A p y E l o c ' E K a r o a r f ) T T 9 ' . AaKXr|rad8r|c SiScbvioc ' E K a r o a r f ) 9'. Af>9i6ioc r i a r p E u c E K a r o a r f ) 9a'. A i o S o r o c TuavEuc ' E K a r o a r f ) 9B'. A i o 9 d v r ) c AioXfiuc 315 ' E K a r o a r f ) p y ' . AprepiScopoc u a r s i p i o c ' E K a r o a r f j 96'. AnpdpaTOc'E9aioc E K a r o a r f ) Q E ' . 6 a u r o c ro S E U T E P O V . ' E K a r o a r f ] 9c'- riappvr|c M d y v r ) c d n o M a i d v 8 p o u

s t a d i o n race. s t a d i o n race. s t a d i o n race. s t a d i o n race.

M a p i c o v M a p i a i v o c AXEcavSpeuc TtdA.nv Kai TTayKpdriov E K T O C dcp"HpaKAouc-

M a r i o n o f A l e x a n d r i a , son o f M a r i o n , was t h e v i c t o r i n w r e s t l i n g a n d t h e s t a d i o n race.

ardSiov. ard6iov. ardSiov. ardSiov. ardSiov. ard6iov. ard8iov. ardSiov. ard8iov. ard8iov. ardSiov.

1 8 4 . T h e same m a n , f o r a second t i m e . Augustus b e c a m e R o m a n emperor. 185 . A r i s t o n o f T h u r i i 186 . Scamander o f A l e x a n d r i a < o f Troas> 187 . Ariston o f T h u r i i 188 . Sopater o f A r g o s 189 . Asclepiades o f S i d o n 1 9 0 . A u p h i d i u s o f Patrae 191 . Diodotus o f Tyana 1 9 2 . Diophanes o f A e o l i a 193 . A r t e m i d o r u s o f Thyateira 1 9 4 . Demaratus o f Ephesus 195 . T h e same m a n , f o r a second t i m e . 196 . Pammenes o f M a g n e s i a on the M a e a n d e r
th th th rd nd st th th th th th th

th

s t a d i o n race. s t a d i o n race. s t a d i o n race. s t a d i o n race. s t a d i o n race. s t a d i o n race. s t a d i o n race. s t a d i o n race. s t a d i o n race. s t a d i o n race. s t a d i o n race.

306 - F89,56s; F93.51-53

286-288 cf. Paus. 1,35,6; 5,21,10 291 cf. App., bell. civ. 1,99 293 cf. Phleg. Trail. F12,l 295-297 cf. Paus. 5,21,9; 723,5; Aelian., varia hist. 4,15 302 cf. Paus. 5,21,10

FGrHist 257

10 The text of Eus., chron."""" is insufficiently clear to enable a restoration of the lacunose Greek text. It could be rendered as follows: "... for winning (lit. 'conducting') the gymnastic combats without horse, and by the grace it happened that this was attributed (lit. 'written') either to friends or to kings, so [those deeds] were not even considered to have taken place (lit. 'conducted')" (transl. courtesy of Aram Topchyan). O n the problems in the Armenian text, see Karst, p. 257, n. 165.

286 a-nb Mcu&vSpou armen. | ndXr|v Kai < armen. 289 restituimus ex armen. 297 eaxev + tun., t^iHrpiftihirj-iutT iltujiuuili mn ui'lnj ifinj tfutpb^nj. U. uijli pum ^bnpCuig i; [m/hijuu . Iftutf ft pwnklfuitlu, l^tutT'fi pluiq.tiii.npu q-pbi- nLuwh U. iftupb[_puL ^CunTuipb^uiti: armen. duipaKicbxr|q P der Lakeddmonier a r m e n . 308 Tfjc, Tp<od5oc a r m e n . 299 AuSpaKicutnc, Seal.

214

Iulius Africanus

F65 Victors in the Olympic Games

215 s t a d i o n race. s t a d i o n race.

'EKaTooTT] o C . AaictTiKoc, AXtKapvaaeuc, 320 EKatoatf) o n ' . Aiocpdvnc, IipouaaEuc, <d7t' 'OXupTtou> "HpaKXeouc,. Ti|3pLOc;'Pa)paiu)v EpaaiXEuoEv. EKaToatf] 96'. A i a x i v n c , MiXqaioc, 6 rXauKtac.
325

ardSiov. ordStov.

197 . A s i a t i c u s o f Halicarnassus 198 . D i o p h a n e s o f Prusa <by M t . 0 1 y m p u s > p a n c r a t i o n , the seventh f r o m Heracles to do so. T i b e r i u s became R o m a n emperor.
th

th

Apiaxeac; ZrparoviKEUc, q MaidvSptoc,, TtdXqv K a i n a y K p d r i o v (35opoc, dcp'

Aristeas o f Stratoniceia or M a e a n d e r was the victor i n w r e s d i n g a n d t h e

ordStov.
KCUXUBEIC.

199 . Aeschines Glaucias o f M i l e t u s

th

s t a d i o n race.

d7TS60n

TCOV

iTT7Tcov 6

Spopoc, itdXai

Kai EviKa

<rppavu<dc, ardSiov. ordStov. ordStov. ardSiov. ordStov.

T h e h o r s e race, w h i c h h a d been s t o p p e d a l o n g t i m e ago, was reinstated, a n d < G e r m a n i c u s Caesar, the son o f > T i b e r i u s Caesar, was the v i c t o r i n the f o u r - h o r s e c h a r i o t race. 2 0 0 . P o l e m o n o f Petra 2 0 1 . Damasias o f C y d o n i a 202 . Hermogenes o f Pergamum 2 0 3 . A p o l l o n i u s o f Epidaurus 204 . Sarapion o f Alexandria
th rd nd st th 11

Kataap 6 > Ttfteptou Kaiaapoc, r0pnrrtov. AiaKoaiooTr|. noXfipcov llETpaloc; AiaKoaioorf] a'. Aapaaiac, KuSwviaTqc, AiaKoatoorr] (3'.'Eppoyvqc, nEpyapqvdc, 330 AiaKoaiooxf] y'. A7ioXXcuvioc,'Em5aupioc, AiaKoaiooTr] xexdpxr\. Sapamcov AXsi;av5puc,

s t a d i o n race. s t a d i o n race. s t a d i o n race. s t a d i o n race. s t a d i o n race.

[ N i K o ] a T p a T o c ; AiyEdrqc, TtdXnv K a i TtayKpartov oySooc, <dcp' 'HpaKXfiouc,, U E 0 ' o v pxpt f\\i<i>v ovSeic; EysvETO d9"HpaKXouc; E T I , napap^ajkuovTcov Tcov'HXeicov 335
TOUC;

N i c o s t r a t u s o f Aegae was the v i c t o r i n w r e s t l i n g and the p a n c r a t i o n , the e i g h t h < f r o m Heracles> to do so. F r o m Heracles <up t o o u r t i m e , there was n o o n e > else to d o so <after h i m > , because the Eleans w r o n g l y d e n i e d the

5uvapvouc. OTd6iov. crrdStov. ardStov.

<rdioc,'Pwpaitov | 3 a a t X U E . > AiaKoaioaTt] E ' . EuPouXi6ac; Aao6iKuc; KXau6toc'Pcopata)v (3aatXEU. AiaKoaiooxri c/. OuaXfipioc; MiTuXnvaioc; AtaKoaioarii C. A0nv66a>poc; AiyiEUC,

c r o w n t o those qualified to receive i t . < G a i u s became R o m a n emperor.> 2 0 5 . E u b u l i d a s o f Laodicea C l a u d i u s became R o m a n emperor. 206 . Valerius o f Mytilene 207 . Athenodorus of Aegium
th th th

s t a d i o n race. s t a d i o n race. s t a d i o n race. time s t a d i o n race. s t a d i o n race. s t a d i o n race.

340

AiaKoatoarf] q'. 6 a u T 6 < ;

TO SEUTEPOV.

NEpcov'Pcopaicov ESaaiXEUE. AiaxoaioaTT) 0'. KaXXiKXfjc; ZtScovioc. AtaKoaioarri i'. ABnvoScopoc. AiytEuc, AiaKoaioaTf] ia'. 345
OUK TO SEUTEPOV

ordSiov. OTdStov. EmSnptav.

2 0 8 . T h e same m a n , for a second N e r o b e c a m e R o m a n emperor. 2 0 9 . Callicles o f S i d o n


th

th

f]x0n> NEpcovoc, dva|3aXXopEvou

EIC;

xr\v

EOUTOU

2 1 0 . A t h e n o d o r u s o f A e g i u m , for a second t i m e
t h

th

(iETd S E E T T ] Suo axOsiaqc; auTfjc, ardSiov psv Tpucpcov <I>iXaSX(puc, EviKa, NEpcov 6 E KnpuKcov dycova EOTEcpavouro, TpaycuSouc, KiGapcpSouc;, a p p a ncuXIKOV, K a i TO

2 1 1 . T h i s contest was n o t held, because N e r o postponed i t u n t i l the t i m e o f his v i s i t . I t was h e l d t w o years later, a n d T r y p h o n o f Philadelphia was t h e v i c t o r i n t h e s t a d i o n race. N e r o was a w a r d e d the c r o w n i n the contests f o r heralds, p e r f o r m e r s o f tragedy a n d cithara-players; a n d also i n the races f o r chariots d r a w n b y foals, f u l l - g r o w n horses a n d 10 foals. 2 1 2 . Polites o f Ceramus Vespasian became R o m a n emperor. 2 1 3 . R h o d o n o f C y m e , or T h e o d o t u s
th th

TfiXEtov K a i SeKdTtcoXov. OTdStov. ardSiov.

AiaKoatoarfi t(3'. noXixqc; KEpapiTnc, 350 OuEonaaiavbcPcopaicov spaaiXEUE. AiaKoaiooTr] ty'.'PoScov Kupaioc,
f\ Q E O S O T O C ,

s t a d i o n race. s t a d i o n race.

323 - > F93,57s 321s cf. Paus. 5,21,10 3 3 2 - 3 3 4 cf. Paus. 5,21,9; T a c , dial. 10,5; Quintil., instit. orat. 2,8,14 344s cf. Paus. 10,36,9; Philostr., V A 5,7; Suet., Nero 23,1 346 - 348 cf. Philostr., VA 4,24; Cass. Dio 63,14; Zon. 11,12; Suet., Nero 23,1; 24,4 349 cf. Paus. 6,13,3 320 a n "OXdurtou armen. 321 McudvSpioc, Seal. usvavSpoc, P 325 dTCe666r|] dvevetbSn Rutgers ex armen. 325s TepuaviKOc, Kafoap 6 Gelzer 332 NeiKOOTpaToc. armen. 332s dtp' ...iyevexo suppl. Rutgers ex a r m e n . 335 Tdux;.. .eBaoiXeue armen. 347 EOTecpavoOto Seal, eorecpavou P 11 The text is emended by Gelzer 1,168 on the basis of an inscription in Olympia (reppaviKov K a i a a p a , auTOKpatopoc, Ti(3epidu Kaioapoc. ZEBOOTOU uidv, viKr|aavxa OXupma Te9pi7ntip TEXi[tp]..., Dittenberger/Purgold 1896, no. 221).

216

Iulius Africanus

F65 Victors in the Olympic Games

217 s t a d i o n race. s t a d i o n race. s t a d i o n race. s t a d i o n race. stadion race. s t a d i o n race. stadion race. stadion race. stadion race. stadion race. stadion race. stadion race. stadion race. stadion race. s t a d i o n race. stadion race. stadion race.

A i a K o a i o c r r f j iS'. Expdxcov A\et;av5peuc T i x o c / P c o p a i c o v efiaoiXeve. A i a K o a i o a x f j lE'.'EppoyEvnc; HdvOioc; A o p i T i a v o c ' P c o p a i o j v eSaaiXeug. A i a K o a i o a x f j ic'. ArtoXXocpavnc, 6 Kdt n d i t i c , Tapaeuc A i a K o a i o a x f j ^'.'Eppoyevnc; HdvGtoc, T O Sedxepov A t a K o a i o a x f j i n ' . AnoXXtbvioc; A\et;av5peuc; rj'HXtoSojpoc; A i a K o a i o a x f j i9'. ZxEcpavoc; KaTtTtdSoi; N e p o u a c ' P u j p a t o j v (3aaiXEU, psG' 6 v <Tpai'av6c;>. A i a K o m o a x f i K ' . AVJXXEUC; AXS;av6puc; A i a K o r n o a x f ] Ka'. scovdc, 6 K a i ZpdpaySoc;, AXEcavSpEuc, A i a K o a i o a x f j K|3'. KdXXtaxoc; ZiSfjxnc; < d v V u ) 0 r | xd>v iTtTtiov 6 6p6poc;.> A i a K o c r i o a x f ] Ky'. EuaxoXoc, ItSijxnc; A i a K o a i o a t f j KS'.'Iaapicov A\crav5pi>c; ASpiav6c'Pu>paituv EpaaiXeuE. A i a K o c n o a t f j K E ' . Apiaxeac; MiXfjaioc; A i a K o c r i o a x f ) KC,'. Aiovuaioc; 6 ZapEupuc; AXt;av8puc; A i a K o c r i o a x f ] K ( ' . 6 auxdc; xo 6edxpov. A i a K o a i o a t f j KT)'. AouKdc; AAEcdvSpEdc A i a K o a i o a t f j K0'.'ETti8aupoc; 6 K a i Appcuvioc,, AXsijavSpEuc, A v T o j v i v o c EuaE^rjcTupaicov ESaaiXeuE. A i a K o a i o a t f j X ' . Ai6upoc; < K X I 5 E U C ; > AX^av6puc A i a K o a i o a t f j Xa'. Kpavaoc,
ZIKUUJVIOC;

axdSiov. axd8iov. axd8tov. axdSiov. axddtov. axd6iov. axd5iov. axd6iov. axdSiov. axddiov. axdSiov. axddiov. axdSiov. atddiov. atddiov. atddiov. axddiov. axddiov.
UTT.6 ' H X E I O J V

2 1 4 . Straton o f A l e x a n d r i a T i t u s became R o m a n emperor. 2 1 5 . Hermogenes o f X a n t h u s D o m i t i a n became R o m a n emperor. 2 1 6 . Apollophanes, also k n o w n as Papis, o f Tarsus 2 1 7 . Hermogenes o f X a n t h u s , for a second t i m e 218 . Apollonius o f Alexandria, or Heliodorus 2 1 9 . Stephanus o f C a p p a d o c i a N e r v a became R o m a n emperor, and after h i m <Trajan>. 2 2 0 . Achilleus o f A l e x a n d r i a 2 2 1 . Theonas, also k n o w n as Smaragdus, o f A l e x a n d r i a 222 . CallistusofSide < T h e horse race was reinstated.> 2 2 3 . Eustolus o f Side 2 2 4 . Isarion o f A l e x a n d r i a H a d r i a n became R o m a n emperor. 2 2 5 . Aristeas o f M i l e t u s 2 2 6 . Dionysius S a m e u m y s o f A l e x a n d r i a 2 2 7 . T h e same m a n , for a second time. 2 2 8 . Lucas o f A l e x a n d r i a 2 2 9 . Epidaurus, also k n o w n as A m m o n i u s , o f A l e x a n d r i a A n t o n i n u s Pius b e c a m e R o m a n emperor. 2 3 0 . D i d y m u s < C l y d e u s > o f Alexandria 2 3 1 . Cranaus o f S i c y o n 2 3 2 . Atticus o f Sardis
n d st th th th th th th th rd n d st th th th th th th

th

A i a K o a i o a t f | X(3'. AxxiKdc, ZapSiavdc; Z o j K p d x r i c ; TtdXnv Kai TtayKpdxiov dTtoypaij/dpEVOc;, PEU0n UTtEp Aiovuoioi)
ZEXEUKECJC.

Tiap|3paaxddiov. axdSiov. axd5iov.

stadion race. Socrates was registered as the v i c t o r i n b o t h w r e s t l i n g a n d the p a n c r a t i o n ,

A i a K o a t o a x f ) Xy'. Anpfjxpioc; XIoc; A i a K o a i o o x f j X5'.'Hpdc XIoc; A i a K o a i o a x f j X E ' . Mvaoi(3ouXoc,'EXaxi)c


AVTOJVIVOC;

b u t he was u n f a i r l y d e n i e d the c r o w n b y the Eleans, i n favor o f D i o n y s i u s son o f Seleucus. 2 3 3 . Demetrius o f C h i o s 2 3 4 . Eras o f Chios 2 3 5 . M n a s i b u l u s o f Elateia
th th th rd

s t a d i o n race. s t a d i o n race.

M d p K o c nioc, Kai

AOUKIOC,

Bfjpoc'Pcopaitov EpaaiXsuov. axddiov. axddiov. axddiov.

A i a K o a i o a x f j Xc/. AsiQaXfjc; AXE^avSpsdc; A i a K o a i o a x f j X('. Eu5aipcov AXscjavdpEuc; A i a K o a i o a x f j Xr)'. A y a 9 6 n o u c A i y i v f j x r | c A i a K o a i o a x r j X0'. 6 auxdc; xo deuxEpov. K o u o S o c ' P t o p a i t o v (3aciXUv. A i a K o a i o a x f j p'. Avou(3icov 6 Kai <I>i5o<;, AXt;av6puc;

stadion race. Marcus A n t o n i n u s Pius a n d Lucius Verus became R o m a n emperors. 2 3 6 . Aeithales o f A l e x a n d r i a stadion race. 2 3 7 . Eudaemon o f A l e x a n d r i a stadion race. 2 3 8 . Agathopus o f A e g i n a stadion race.
th th

2 3 9 . The same m a n , f o r a second t i m e . axddiov. C o m m o d u s became R o m a n emperor. 2 4 0 . A n u b i o n , also k n o w n o f Pheidus, o f A l e x a n d r i a


th

th

s t a d i o n race.

354 cf. P a u s . 6,13,3 375 cf. Paus. 2,11,8 381 cf. Paus. 10,34,5 360 T p a i a v o c armen. 362 AXeEcwdpeuc, armen. dAs^av8poc, P 364 dvEVU)6n...op6poc armen. 388 Avoupiurv...

374 KAiSeuc armen.

378 Oitep Gutschmid uno P

381 'EAOTEUC, armen. Epareuc, P

<J>EI5OC, a r m e n . avoupi... q>i6ouc, P

218

Iulius Africanus

F65 Victors in the Olympic Games

219 stadion race. s t a d i o n race. s t a d i o n race.

A i a K o o i o o T f j u a ' . " H p o j v AAxcjavSpEuc; A i a K o c i o a T f ) p(3'. M d y v o c ; <Atpuc;> Kupnvaioc, A i a x o a i o a T f j py'.'Ia^ojpoc; < 6 Kai ApTpiSojpoc,> AAE^avSpsuc; IlepTivai;, elxa Zepfjpoc.'Ptopaicov AiaKpaiOGTr) p 5 ' . 6 auxoc; T O 6eOTpov. AiaKoaioarf] pe'. AAxJ;av5poc; A\^av8puc; AiaKootoarf) pg'.'EmviKioc; Ku^LKnvoc;, 6 Kai Kuvdc;, AiaKoaioaTrj p ( ' . Z a r o p v i A o c ; Kpf|c, TopTUVioc; A v T o j v t v o c ; , 6 Kai KapdKaWoc'Pojpaicov sBaaiXEUE. AiaKoaioaxfj pn'.'HA.t66a)poc;, 6 Kai TpwaiSapac;, AAcav5puc, AiaKOOLoaTr] p 6 ' . 6 auTdc; T O 5 U T p o v .
TEAOC;.

OTdSlOV. aTdSiov. OTdStov.

241 . H e r o n o f Alexandria 2 4 2 . M a g n u s < t h e L i b y a n > o f Cyrene 2 4 3 . I s i d o r u s , <also k n o w n as A r t e m i d o r u s , > o f A l e x a n d r i a P e r t i n a x , a n d t h e n Severus, became R o m a n emperors. 2 4 4 . T h e s a m e m a n , f o r a second t i m e
t h rd n d

st

k^aaiXevaav.

s t a d i o n race. s t a d i o n race. s t a d i o n race. s t a d i o n race.

aTdSiov. OTdSiov. OTdStov.

245 . Alexander o f Alexandria 2 4 6 . E p i n i c i u s o f C y z i c u s , also k n o w n as Cynas 2 4 7 . S a t o r n i l u s o f Crete, f r o m G o r t y n , A n t o n i n u s , also k n o w n as Caracalla, b e c a m e R o m a n emperor.


th th

th

OTdSiov.

2 4 8 . H e l i o d o r u s , also k n o w n as T r o s i d a m a s , o f A l e x a n d r i a 2 4 9 . T h e s a m e m a n , f o r a second t i m e The end. This is the end point of the registry of the Olympic games that we have found.
th

th

s t a d i o n race. s t a d i o n race.

MtXP' TOUTOD T f | V rcov 'OXuumdSaiv dvaypacpr)v eiipopev.

390 AiSuc, a r m e n . 391 6 Kai AprepiSopoc armen.

F66

G e o r g i u s Syncellus (238,21-24 M o s s h a m m e r )

F66

The Prophet

Jonah

Toiixoic. role, xpo^oi? tpoE9rJTeuoev 'Clor\i, Apu>c, Icovdc, Naoiip, fjviKa Kai'Icovdc, EKrcep<p8etc. eic. Niveui eic a p a e l c cpeii-yei K a i vnb Kf|Touc KaTa7to6eic Tpifjpepoc dvepeirai. apOfiic; 5E ' P 6 6 O V K a i K u T t p o v AcppiKavoc Aeyei e l v a i .

At this time, Hosea, Amos, Jonah, and Nahum began to prophesy, at which time Jonah, upon being sent out to Nineveh, fled to Tarshish. Swallowed by a huge fish, he was disgorged on the third day. Africanus states that T a r s h i s h is Rhodes o r C y p r u s .

2s

ps. Sym. f. 5 l

"On r) a p a i c Asyouivn x&pa. iv fj 'Icovac. Scpvyev r) 'P66oc Kai r\ Kiinpoc e a r i v , ac

AcppiKavoc. \iyzi. Is cf. Ion 1,1-3; 2,1; Ios., ant. Iud. 9,208-214; Eus., praep. ev. 10,14,5; Eus., can. "84"; Chron. Pasch.
T Hi

190,12; A n o n . Matr. 22,14s; Georg. Mon. 251,4; Io. Anag. f. 115 ; Sym. Log. (Leo Gr. 35,3-6 = T h . Mel. 31,18-20); Iul. Pol. 114,2-4; 118,9s; Cedr. 186,2s; 187,4s; 189,9s; Mich. Syr. 4,16 [AB ] I s K a i . . . cpeuyei < B 2 KaTarto8eic B KataTtcuSek; A 3 K a i A B r\ Goar

T67

G e o r g i u s S y n c e l l u s (239,8s M o s s h a m m e r )

T67

Pekahiah,

King

of

Israel

Toi)Topaf|\ ic' eSaoiXeuae Ct>aKeaiac uioc Mavafip em, i'. AcppiKavoc; 5 E Tr| B'. rou 8e K d a p o u
f\v STOC , 6 Y K 5 ' .

The 16 king of Israel was Menahem's son Pekahiah, for 10 years. B u t A f r i c a n u s says i t was t w o years, A M 4724.

th

Sym. L o g . (Leo Gr. [42,6s Bekker] = Th. Mel. [36,23s Tafel] = Iul. Pol. [132,2s Hardt] = Cedr. vibe, rov naripa SiaSet;auevoc; eSaot-

[187,9s Bekker]) <t>a\Ki'ac, (0aXKeiac. Iul. Pol.) b rov Mavaciu Xeuaev err) P' (+ iv cxXXcv ('Iul. Pol.)

1 cf. I V Regn 15,23 (ann. 10 cod. A , ann. 2 cett. et textushebraicus); Georg. Mon. 262,12-14 [AB] 2 ,6V|/KS' Gelzer ,S\|Ay' A B

It is not possible to decide whether the whole text belongs to Africanus. The evidence provided by ps. Symeon is too scanty to resolve the problem. Probably, there was some chronological and biographical information about the prophets in the Chronographiae.

220

Iulius Africanus

T68Pekah King of Israel

221

T68

G e o r g i u s Syncellus ( 2 3 9 , 1 2 - 1 9 M o s s h a m m e r )

T68
th

Pekah,

King of

Israel

ToO'Icpat|\ i C EJJaaiXeuoe O O K E E uioc, 'PcoueXiou STn Kr|' K a r a TOV aKpiSfj Xoyov. TOU Se Koapou f^v ETOC. ,S\|/XS'. OOTCU y a p EupsSnaETai T6 8' ETOC, T O U ir)' K a i TeXeuTaiou (JaaiXeuic. TILV i ' cpuXcov 'flane ouvTpexov r e p c/ ETEI'ECEKLOU paaiXtcuc,'IouSa K a r a rf|v ypacpnv K a i {ou} KaXiic,, Ka6' 6 yryovev t] n p u T n TOU l a p a q X aixpaXaioia. e i a l U E V T O I r i v e t TCOV dvriypd(pcov K ' E x o v r a e r n rofj 5 <J>aK, cbc; K a i A 9 p i K a v 6 c , K a i EuOEplOC,, pevtyv d v a y K a i a v alriav. 4s Sym. L o g . (Leo Gr. [42,7s Bekker] = T h . Mel. [36,25 Tafel] = Iul. Pol. [132,3-5 Hardt] = Cedr.
Kai ETEpa

The 17 king of Israel was Remaliah's son Pekah, for 28 years, based on an accurate calculation. A M 4734. In this way we shall find that the ninth year of Hoshea, the 18 and final king of the 10 tribes of Israel, corresponds with the sixth year of Hezekiah, king of Judah. This is both reasonable and in accordance with the Scripture. I n that year Israel's first captivity occurred. T h e r e are, however, s o m e m a n u s c r i p t s t h a t a s s i g n 20 years for Pekah,
1 th

in', dXX' ov xpf| 7tEi9ea8ai Sid rfiv

eipp-

as d o A f r i c a n u s a n d

Euse

b i u s , wheras others assign 18 years. But there is no need to heed them, based on the compelling reason already cited.

[187,10s B e k k e r ] ) CDOKEE 6 tou TopeXidu T6V OaXKiav dveXtbv epaaiXeuae lrr\ K' (n' Cedr.). 4s cf. I V R e g n 15,27; Eus., c a n .
Hier

86,22; Georg. M o n . 262,16-18; Sync. 240,2-31 T69 The End of the Northern Kingdom 2 ,5\|/X5' Gelzer ,6\(/py' A B 3 ouvrpexov Goar cruvrpexiuv AB The kingdom of the 10 tribes in Samaria extended from their first king Jeroboam, servant of Salo mon, over a period of 18 kings and 260 years. It began in A M 4513 and ended in the year demon strated, A M 4771. A c c o r d i n g t o A f r i c a n u s , t h i s was the y e a r 4 7 5 0 ,
2

[AB] 1 pojpeXiou A pcopeXeiou B

oil del. D i . | o u KaXiDc. A B EiKdrtoq Moss.

and according to

T69

G e o r g i u s Syncellus (241,28 - 242,3 M o s s h a m m e r ) TCOV I' tpuXtbv |3aaiXia EV EauapEia dro TOU a' (JaaiXewc, aurcliv 'lpo|3a)dp

Eusebius, the year 4455.

AinpKEae 5 E r\ aini)

SouXou SoXoptovTOc ev SaaiXeuai in', ETEOI S E aE'. drcd ydp TOU KOOUIKOU ,8<piy' dpEapEvq Eiq T6 imoTETaypevov ,6>|/oa' Xn,Ee, K a r a 6fi A c p p t K a v o v ,6\|/v',
Kard

SeEuoe(3iov ,5uve'. F70 Manasseh's Supplication and Liberation


3

cf. I l l R e g n 14,20; Sync. 221,16s

cf. I V Regn 18,9-12; Hipp., chron. 668; Eus., can." 88'; It is stated by Africanus that w h i l e Manasseh was r e c i t i n g his song, his b o n d s , w h i c h w e r e m a d e o f i r o n , w e r e b r o k e n and he escaped.
4

Chron. Pasch. 200,13 - 201,10; Sync. 241,15-25; Chron. Synt. 94,30 [AB] 1 iepoj3o)dp B iepuiBodp A

1 F70 Ioannes Damascenus, Sacra parallela (recensio secundum alphabeti gr. 2

While the majority of manuscript witnesses to the Greek text of I V Regn 15,27 supply "20" years for Pekah's reign, the numbers "28" and "30" are also attested, see Brooke/McLean 1917, ad loc. According to Africanus, 1 Ahaz = Ol. 1,1, corresponding to A M 4727 (F64). After the 16 years of his rule ( I V Regn 16,2), the Northern Kingdom ended in the sixth year of the reign of his successor Hezekiah (TV Regn 18,10). This would correspond with A M 4748 (4727 + 15 + 6 = 4748). A M 4750 can, however, be independently verified from Africanus' dating of the completion of Solomon's temple. Africanus dated the completion of the Temple in A M 4457 (= 8 Solomon, T42.4), meaning that Solomon's 40-year reign ended in A M 4489. Beginning in the following year ( = A M 4490), the kingdom of Israel lasted 260 years up to A M 4750. The transmission of John of Damacus' Hi'era is complex and much of it is not yet published. For the florilegium of Vat. gr. 1236, see Richard 1964,480f. In the two consulted Vatican codices this text has a marginal note in red ink saying "oxoXiov". However, this does not necessarily mean that the text is a scholion to John of Damascus. It seems more plausible to assume that it is an explanation of the preceding biblical texts (immediately preceding is II Par 33,11-13); it may well go back to John of Damascus. Cf. also Routh 463, n. ad loc. A n apparent reference to the Prayer of Manasseh, a work recounting Manasseh's prayer of contrition after his imprisonment by the Assyrians. It is included in some manuscripts of the Septuagint in a section called Odes.

l i t t e r a s d i s p o s i t a , quae tres l i b r o s c o n f l a t ) , s e c u n d u m c o d i c e m V a t i c a n u m 1236, f. 1 5 8


r

( 4 6 3 C Lequien = PG 95.1436C)

'IoTdpnrai rcapd AcppiKavcu, S T I ev TCU XfiyEiv r q v cl)6r]v rov M a v a o a f j , r d Sfiapd 5lpp d y n a u 5 n p a o v r a , Kai q>uyv.

Iul. Pol. (116,22 - 118,8 Hardt) Mavdaanq vide 'EfeKiou eBaailsvcrev ht\ ve'. oiroq napavoucbraroq vnip navroq yzvouzvoq, iv eiSwXopavia Kai aiuaroxvoia StKaluv aipdruv, Seaptoq Kara ddav 6pyt]v naptXfjfBt] napd MapoS&x rov Aocwpicov BaoiXicoq, Kai SEOpoiq neneSripevoq 0"i5r|poTc Kai ev dy&Xuari XOXKCO eipypevoq, Ser/mv dvereive ueravoiaq, Si' rjq 6 8edq iKerevBeiq, SiEppnEfiv TOUC SEopouq atlroii, Kai rfj iSia yfj Kai BamXeia dnoKareorrjoev. cf. I V Regn 21,18; I I Par 33,11-13; OrMan; Ios., ant. Iud. 10,39-43; Io. Ant. fr. 50; Chron. Pasch. 220,8s; Georg. M o n . 235,10 - 237,2; Sync. 254,7-20; Sym. Log. (Leo Gr. 36,10-12 = T h . Mel. 32,13-15); A n o n . Matr. 25,4-15

222

Iulius Africanus

T71 The High Priest Hilkiah

223

T71

M i c h a e l Syrus 4,15 ( 4 , 5 3 c , 2 0 - 54a,15 C h a b o t ) iCDCX=3r< ^ I T ire* ^ x s o r ' n \jy*r? ocVurtf*.! r O c i x k r<"tn\i rdlcn
/

T71 As. rCliiTDinC'.i

The High Priest

Hilkiah

This priest Hilkiah, who according to some was the father of the prophet Jeremiah, lived in the time of Amon, Josiah and Jehoiakim, kings of Judah, as we have stated above. He administered his office for 30 years. Concerning h i m there exist numerous witnesses in the sacred Scriptures, as w e l l as what these c h r o n i c l e r s w h o i n f o r m us a b o u t t h e h i s t o r y o f t i m e have r e v e a l e d about h i m . F o r t h e y speak at l e n g t h a b o u t t h e h i g h priest H i l k i a h , a r i g h t e o u s and f a m o u s m a n t h i s a c c o r d i n g to t h e r e p o r t o f A n d r o n i c u s , A f r i c a n u s John, w h o [ f o l l o w s ] Eusebius. and

nr*-A~73:r

^ l \ m - T l i n i C U Q ^ i T . t b O ^.QJSJn^.l nr* 1 -|y=3.1 am nc'Cicn r e ' a c o ,_>cr\AcV\ 1

r< |-|\

^'isors'i vyre* rt'.-iacnu.-i ^-*)inr> r g ' o - M - ^ i ^ > . T rc'chci.icnLCao

.cncV\\\ '7l
J

r c j ^ - i -i v^a.t A I - I rdlst

OTJ^Jre'.i ,CTJL= ^A C U C L U -i^Q rf*n.n i V i \ n i rdlca

\ N . .1 rdL=c\\JL=o ^ l A c n ^ r t f ' . i

r d J c r j L i T->i A s .1 i c n nr'cVAj^j ,cb r c ' r i i i ^ f i o . i


1

a c n ^Aucua q p o i n . i g > c t

c p o n i i o i r U r - f " 'cVAjao v y K

^79 ^lAcoa

i < a i j ^

I s cf. I V Regn 22,4; Ier 1,1s; Sus 2 8; Hipp., chron. 741; Eus., can. " 96 ; Sync. 255,8; Sym. Log. (Leo Gr. 36,22s = T h . Mel. 32,24s) 32,23 - 33,4) 4 v y a i scripsimus pro v y o 4-8 cf. I V Regn 22,8-13; 23,4-24; I I Par 34,9ss; 35,8.19; Chron. Pasch. 224,11-13; Sync. 255,18s; 256,16s; 260,23-25; Sym. Log. (Leo G r . 36,20 - 37,7 = T h . Mel.

F72 F72 G e o r g i u s Syncellus ( 2 5 7 , 1 3 - 1 8 M o s s h a m m e r )

King Jehoahaz

and the first

Tribute

Then the people of the land received Josiah's son Jehoahaz and anointed him and make him king i n Efra K a i eXafSev 6 Xadc Tfjc. yfjc T 6 V 'IojcrvaC uidv 'Iuxriou, K a i expiaav a u r d v Kai K a T e o r n a a v a i r r d v tic, faaiXea ccvrl TOU rcaTpoc. auTou. EIKOXTI rpuBv eTdiv'Iuidxaij ev Tip paaiAeueiv a d t d v Kai Tpipryvov ePaaCXeuaev evTepouaaXfjp. K a i eSnaev a i i r d v <J>apaii) Nexaco i v Ae|3Xa8a ev yfl Aipd9 TOU pq (3aaiXeueiv EV 'IepouaaXfjp. K a i fjyayev aurdv eic, AtyuTcrov, Kai ercepaXe cpdpov eni TT)V yrjv p' rdXavra 5 dpyupiou K a i TaAavTov xpuofou. Nota marginalis: A t t h a t t i m e , the l a n d w a s f o r t h e f i r s t t i m e subject t o t r i b u t e , as Nota marginalis ad place of his father. Jehoahaz was 23 years old when he began to reign, and ruled for three months in Jerusalem. Pharaoh Neco bound him in Deblatha in the land of Aemath that he might not reign in Jerusalem, led him to Egypt, and imposed a tribute on the land of 100 talents of silver and one talent of gold.

1. 4s

[AB]:

TOTE

7Tpti)TOV

l)T[6(pOpOC, EyEVETO f|

yfj (Sc. <pr|aiv AcppiKavdc.

Africanus says.

- > F46,204s; F 8 4 1-5 [AB] cf. II Par 36,1-4; I Esdr 1,32-35; Eus., c a n . ' 186; Sync. 258,2-6; 259,25-29 3 aipde I I P a r
A 1

epd9 A B iepd9 I I P a r

224

Iulius Africanus

F73 The Kings of the Persians

225

F73

E x c e r p t a B a r b a r i (314,19 - 316,18 F r i c k )

F73

The

Kings

of the

Persians

Tempera r e g n i Persarum

Chronology of the kingdom of the Persians regnauit O l y m p i a -

C y r u s P e r s a r u m r e x dissipans regna L y d o r u m et M i d o r u m das

After

d i s s o l v i n g the k i n g d o m s o f t h e

Lydians and

Medes, C y r u s , k i n g o f

the

V I I et d i m i d i a m . I n a n n o a u t e m p r i m o r e g n i ipsius, i n quo c o n t i g i t c o n s u -

Persians, r e i g n e d for 7 Vi O l y m p i a d s . I n the first year o f his r e i g n , w h e n i t c a m e to pass t h a t the 70 years o f t h e c a p t i v i t y o f the Jewish people w e r e c o m p l e t e d , he a l l o w e d t h e host o f the sons o f Israel t o r e t u r n to t h e i r o w n h o m e l a n d . I n t h i s year, i t was the b e g i n n i n g o f t h e 5 5
t h

m a r i s e p t u a g i n t a a n n o s d e p r e d i c a t i o n i g e n t i I u d e o r u m , relaxauit m u l t i t u d i n e m f i l i o r u m I s r a h e l r e m e a r e a d p r o p r i a m h a b i t a t i o n e m . I n quo anno fuit initium usque

q u i n q u a g e n s i m a e quintae Olympiade. T e n u i t a u t e m Persarum r e g n u m D a r i u m , q u e r n o c c i d i t A l e x a n d e r M a c e d o et c o n d i t o r , annos C C X X X sic:

Olympiad.

Up u n t i l Darius, w h o m Alex 230

a n d e r o f M a c e d o n , the F o u n d e r , slew, the k i n g d o m o f the Persians lasted years, as follows:

I . C i r u s Persus a n n . X X X . I I . C a m b y s u s ann. Villi. I . C y r u s the Persian, f o r 30 years. I I . Cambyses, for 9 years. 2- 6 Mel. - F34,19s.41-47.67s; F62,3s.21s; F65,133s; F74; Sym. Log. (Leo Gr. [46,15-20 Bekker] = Th. [39,23-28 Tafel] = Iul. Pol. [140,10-12.17-21 Hardt] = Cedr. [252,7-12 Bekker]) Suvacrreiav, Kparrfoaq re rfjq (< T h . Mel.) Aoiaq anaonq, TaeTije x.povoe Cedr.) irei iBaoiXevoev ern Xa'. TOUTOU (TOUTU) T h . Mel.) T<j> npwrw evtauTtp e(56opr|KovT r

Kupoe 6 nepoT|e KaxaXucae Tnv Mrjdwv Kai Aoovpiwv

K peroiKEoiae ca)pr(XppouTai. iv Si rw ixopivw

{ipxopivw Leo Gr. inopivw

auyxtopet rovq Svvapivovq rwv'EBpaiwv 6s vide infra app. ad 1.22-24

oiKitJEiv dve\86vTae ra (eiq C e d r J 'Iepooo-

Xvpa, Kai rdv vadv avoiKoSopnBfjvai npooera^e. 3- 5'->F34,12-18;F77 9-14 144,4 Hardt]) KapPucrqe d Kal Apra^ip^nq (6 avrbq Si icmv b Kai iv rw "EoSpa Xeyopevoq Apdaoaodd) b vibq SiaSe^dpevoq Pol.). SipevSdriq Kai KtpapSioq (ZcpevSdrnq Kal KtpipSioq T h . Mel. cmipSioq pdyoq ovv rw dSeXcpw avrov Iul. Pol.) aSeXcpoi pdyoi (< Iul. Pol.), MijSm rw yivei, Pol.) pfjvae enrd. ptv d7rdyovoc, Y<rrda7rou de vibq, roiq pdyoiq tmdipevoq Kai Kpartjoaq iBaoiXevoe wore BeBaoiXevKivai ireXevrnae 1 "EoSpa Apnaoao&d [Apdaoaodd T h . Mel. d T h e fragment should be attributed to Africanus for the following reasons: a) At 1. 2-6 there is a mention of the synchronism 1 Cyrus = O l . 55,1 = last year of the Babylonian Captivity. This synchronism is well-attested in Africanus (F34,19f.41-47.67f). b) 230 years for the total of the Persian reign correspond to Africanus' system (T6.14; F93.51). c) The name conditor Nehemiah was allowed to rebuild Jerusalem in the 20
th th

9->T75

S y m . L o g . (Leo Gr. [47,8-20 Bekker] = T h . Mel. [40,5-18 Tafel] = Iul. Pol. [142,10s; 142,15 rdv Kvpov

iBaoiXevoev ern 6KV1> (K b Kai NaBovxoSovdoop vibq Kvpov i. . n' Iul.

imdipevot

BaoiXevovoi {BaoiXevcn Iul.

Aapeioe d Kvpov

pexpi ovunXrtpwoewq iepovoaXt)p ern el, Kai npbq rovroiq aXXa rpiaKOvra, Kai 'InnoKpdrnq b (< Iul. Pol.) iarpbq Hep^rie b Aapeiov vibq iBaoiXevoev irr\ K'. pfjvae Cb paKpbxeip {mi oiroq iv rw Aprd(5avoe iBaoiXevoe ApTa^ep^ne b Sip^ov aurde Si ion irn 9 - 21 pa'. F46.212-222.236-241 (e Manethone) 4s cf. Georg. Mon. 20,18s cf. Sync. 278,20 - 283,24 iyvwpi(ero.

err\ \q' (id. B. i. Xq' < Iul. Pol.). Kard rovrovq rovq xpbvovq Tlvdayopaq b yiXooofoq

6 iv T(I)"Ea6pa Xeydpevoe A p a a a 8 d Iul. Pol.] KEKXnrai [< Iul. Pol.]) iBaoiXevoev

('the

Founder') for Alexander is attested elsewhere in Africanus (F84.2). d) F93,40f states that year of Artaxerxes Longarm; this was the 115 year from the beginning of the Persian reign. I f Africanus' dates of the single Persian

2 - 6 cf.Io. M a i . 6,11 Sync. 314,16-24 10- 29; 8

7 et 22s cf. Hipp., Dan. 4,3.24; Eus., c a n . 8-21

H i e r

124 ;

kings are summed up to 20 Artaxerxes, the total is exactly 115 years: 30 (Cyrus) + 8 (Cambyses, emended) + 7 months (Smerdes) + 36 (Darius) + 20 (Xerxes) + 7 months (Artabanus) = 95 years and 2 months + 20 Artaxerxes = 115. e) The list gives 22 years for king Ochus, which is peculiar to Africanus, see F46.237. The communis also Gelzer 1,103-105. opinio (including Eusebius) assigns 26 years to this king, see the chronicle material given in Helm 1956,362, note on p. 120, 11. 19-21. See

cf. Hipp., chron. 702-715; Eus., chron. 33,

Eus., reg. ser."" 152; Io. Mai. 6,13.28; E x c . Barb. 261,27 - 268,23; Sync. 247,16-28; 278,

9-18; 288,24 - 289,10; 295,15; 300,28 - 302,6; 306,7 - 308,6; Chron. Synt. 92s; 99; Anon. Matr. 29,14 - 30,9; 35,5 - 38,11; Cedr. 243,7-12; 249,20 - 252,6; 252,21 - 256,20; Sulp. Sev., chron. 2,8,1 - 17,1 9 V i l l i ] VIII G e l z e r e Sym. Log. 2

O n Africanus' dating of the end of the Babylonian captivity in Ol. 55,1, see the previous note.

226

Iulius Africanus

F73 The Kings of the Persians

227

10

I I I . Serdius < m e n s . > V I I . I I I I . D a r i u s iuuenis a n n . X X X V I . V. X e r x e s m a i o r a n n . X X . V I . Artabanus <mens.> V I I . V I I . Artaxerxes m i n o r ann. X L .

I I I . Smerdes, f o r 7 < m o n t h s > . I I I I . D a r i u s t h e y o u t h , for 36 years. V. Xerxes t h e Great, f o r 20 years. V I . Artabanus, for 7 <months>. V I I . A r t a x e r x e s t h e lesser, for 40 years. V I I I . X e r x e s t h e y o u n g e r , for 2 m o n t h s . < V I I I I > . S o g d i a n u s , for 7 m o n t h s . < X > . D a r i u s t h e f o o l , f o r 19 years. < X I > . A r t a x e r x e s M n e m o n , for 42 years. < X I I > . O c h u s , s o n o f Artaxerxes, f o r 22 years. < X I I I > . A r s e s , s o n o f Ochus, for 4 years. < X I I I I . D a r i u s , son o f Arsamus, for 6 years.>
4 3

15

V I I I . Xerxes i u n i o r m e n s . I I . < V I I I I > . Sogdianus m e n s . V I I . < X > . D a r i u s Stultus a n n . X V I I I I . < X I > . Artaxerxes M e m o r a t u s ann. X L I I . < X I I > . Ochus f i l i u s A r t a x e r x i a n n . X X I I .

20

< X I I I > . Alsus filius O c h i a n n . I I I I . < i 5 ' AapEioc. 6 A p a d u o u sxn c/>.

14 - * T78b,3s; F79; F81b; F93.31-43.54-58 (annus 20 Artaxerxis = 115 a primo anno Cyri).79s 15-24 S y m . Log. (Leo Gr. [48,15 - 49,4 Bekker] = Th. Mel. [41,4-19 Tafel] = Iul. Pol. [144,22 vide; rf\v o\pyf\v StaSet^dpevoq BaoiXeiiei pfjvac Suo. Leo Gr. ZoySiavdq rdv Sepfyjv SiaSet;dpevoq Iul. Pol.) BaoiXevei ufjvac eriTd. (louySiavdv 146,16 Hardt]) EpE,T)c 6 Aprat;ip(ov E o y S i a v d c (ZovySiavdq

Aapeloc 6 Eep^ov (< Iul. Pol.) 6 erciKAr|9eic N60oq aveXuv rov (< Iul. Pol.) ZoySiavdv naTipa

Leo Gr.) ifiaoiXevoe Hepo&v (< Iul. Pol.) etn i9'. Apra^ep^nc, d Aapeiov Kai TlapvodnSoq rdv 8ia8e(,auevoc iBaaiXevoev err| pP'. Kara TOVTOVC roue xpdvovq IlXdrwv 6 tpiXdootpoq Kai iyvtopi^ero (ini rovrov ZaiKpdrnq d rpiX6oo<poq, die ipavXioaq rovqEXXfjvwv vopovq, Ktoveiov nivtov iv Tip Seopcornpiu. ini avrov QovKvSiSnq, Kai Sevocpaiv loropimi,
0

'ApiororeXt\q davaroinai,

Kai TIXaTwv 6 (piXoooipoq, padnrfjq ZuiKpdrovq Kai Apiorinnoq Iul. Pol.). Apracepcqc 6 enncXpGeicIlx ^ ifiaoiXevoev err\ KP' (< Iul. Pol.). Napofjc (Naafjc Iul. Pol.) TOUTOV SiaSet\dpevoq ifiaoiXevoev 'ixr\ 6'. Aapeloc 6 Apadpou ifiaoiXevoe fierd TOV Napofjv irr\ cf (Aapeioq ifiaoiXevoe p. r. N. e. it], d Apoapov T h . Mel.). AXe^dvSpou Se TOU MaKeSdvoc, Ilipoaiq iniKeipivov, Aapeiov oi nepi TOV Bfjooov avaipovoiv iv B&KAAecavopoc, 6 Gr. (Frick): Aapeloc 6 N69oc ("Darius, the illegitimate"). The missing reign of Darius III has been restored from the text of Symeon Logothete, which, following the generally accepted tradition, assigns six years to his reign (= 336-331 B C ) . With the addition of these years, the sum of the years of the reigns of the individual Persian kings naiq ern e', Kara Si nvdq K'. (...) Ovroq o flxoq Kpar

rpoic,, Kai KaraXveTai rj riepadv paoiAeia, i<p' oAoic napaTeivaoa ereoi rptaKooioiq, Td pev Tfjc pieTotKeoiaq o', rd Si i^fjc oA', Kai peTardrrrei eic, MaKeSdvac. f| PaoiAeia (rovrov QtXinnov Kai VXvpmdSoc vide, BaoiXevc, MaKeSovwv xeipoodpevoq KaBeiXev rfjq dpxfjq, Kai Ka-

TaXverai f| Ilepadiv 6uvaoreia Kai peTaTtircTei eiq MaKeSdvat; fj PaoiAeia Iul. Pol.). 19 -> F46.237; Sync. (307,12s.l8s Moss.) Tlepodv iP' iflaoiXevoev'Q.ypq d Kai Apra^ip^ov Tfjoaq Aiyvnrov A n o n . Matr. (37,8 Bauer) Tlxoc; 6 Kai ApTa^ep^ric ern KP'. 10 mens, scripsimus V i m cod. supra 1. 7 11 A c ' Sym. Log. Gelzer Frick V7 cod. 16 V i l l i ] X cod. 13 mens, scripsimus 14 ante V I I in B' ern avaipeirat vnd Baytbov nvdq Tlipoov rwv ev reXet.

comes to 230 (see 1. 7, cf. T6.15). It is possible, however, that Africanus counted only the four years of Darius' reign in Egypt and excluded his remaining two years as king of Persia. For the four years of Darius' rule in Egypt, see Africanus' version of Manetho's list of Egyptian kings (F46.240 and n. 14 ad l o c ) . According to Africanus' chronology, the beginning of the Persian kingdom began in A M 4942, 70 years after the Babylonian captivity (= A M 4872; see F76,3f). The end of the Persian kingdom 230 years later would thus have occurred in A M 5172. Since, by Africanus' calculations, the 300-year reign of the Ptolemies ended in A M 5472 (see T6.16 and F89,56f), the Ptolemaic kingdom began in the same year; this would mean that, for Africanus, Alexander's conquest of Egypt marked the end of the Persian kingdom.

cod. v o c a b u l u m erasum ut vidit Schoene 18 X I ] XII cod.

17 X] X I cod. | XV7J77 Sym. Log. Frick 21 supplevimus e Sym. Log., cf.

19 X I I ] XIII cod. 20 X I I I ] XIIII cod.

228

Iulius Africanus

F73 The Kings of the Persians

229

A l e x a n d e r M a c e d o et c o n d i t o r e x t e r m i n a n s P e r s a r u m r e g n u m t r a d u x i t i n M a cedonia r e g n u m p e r m a n e n t e m decima. annos C C X X X , sub O l y m p i a d a centesima duo-

After

a n n i h i l a t i n g the k i n g d o m o f t h e Persians, A l e x a n d e r o f M a c e d o n ,

the

'Founder,' t r a n s f e r r e d p o w e r t o M a c e d o n i a , w h i c h lasted for 230 years, u p t o the 1 1 2


t h

Olympiad.

22s

F93.47-54; T6.15; Sym. Log. (Leo Gr. [49,12s Bekker] = T h . Mel. [42,1s Tafel]) AXecav6poc, 6 KaB'f/v Aapeioc utv imd

MaxeSiov xr\\ TIepCTu>v KaraXuoac dpxqv rtepiqyev eic, MaKeSoviav (MaKeddvac. T h . Mel.); Sync. (314,21-24 Moss.) Tip airco irei r) ev ApBfjXoiq Tfjc, MnSiKfjc, fjxdtj udxi, ridv ntp\ Bfjooov BvXcdvi Kai Zovodv oaic imKauevov npoonydyero, SiapKioaoav and Kvpov dvnpiQn TCOV BaKrpiavcov, AXe!;av6poc Si rfjv YlepoiKfjv BaoiXdav ovv rfj Baicoc, Aapdov ern aX'. Cedr. (256,20 Uip-

257,1 Bekker) AXc^dvSpov Si TOV MaKcSovoq, nepi ov iv rafc BaoiXdaic eiptjoerai nXarvrcpov, Xeia, icp' oAoic napaTeivaoa ITCOI rpiaKocn'oic, civ r d ^ev Tfjc: usToiKeolac; o', rd St itifjc o \ \ 2 2 - 2 4 -+ F65,207s; F82.34

Aapdov oi nzpi TOV Bfjooov dvaipovoiv iv BdKTpoiq. Kai KaTaXveTai r] Utpocbv Ram-

F74

I o a n n e s M a l a l a s 6,12 (122,65 - 123,72 T h u r n )

F 7 4 Cyrus and the Samians

oi Z d u t o t 9a\aaaoKpaTfjaavKai dKOuaac, pTd xpovouc, KOpoc, 6 |3aaiX E I X ; JTepacbv viKr|aac, K p o T o o v EHEorpaTEuaE K a r ' auTcov, Kai crup(JaXcbv auTotc, v a u p a x i a 7toXpr|aac; r)TTr]0r| K a i scpuyE, Kai E X G O J V EIC, Tqv xcbpav auTou E a 9 d y n M S T C X 6k T O dTtoXeoOai T T ] V (3aaiX.iav TCOV Au8c&v

A f t e r t h e k i n g d o m o f the L y d i a n s w a s d e s t r o y e d , the people o f Samos g a i n e d c o n t r o l o f t h e sea a n d r e i g n e d over t h o s e parts. A f t e r a w h i l e , C y r u s , k i n g o f t h e Persians, h e a r d a b o u t this a n d u p o n d e f e a t i n g Croesus w e n t t o w a r t h e m . H e engaged w i t h t h e m , f o u g h t a b a t d e w i t h t h e m at sea, b u t w a s against defeated

Tec,

E|3aaiXuaav rcbv pepciv E K E I V C O V .

itepi oi 7io\epou Kupou K a i rciv Zapicov 6 oocpiiraroc. TluOayopac. 6 Zdpioc ouveypd\);aTO. 6 a r i c . Kai ehtev a i i r d v K u p o v xeSvdvai eic. rdv noXepov. r a u r a Si Ttavra K a i 6 0096c, A 9 p i K a v 6 c expovoypdcpqoev.

a n d f l e d ; u p o n r e a c h i n g his o w n l a n d h e was m u r d e r e d . The most learned Pythagoras of Samos composed an account of the war between Cyrus and the people of Samos. He was the one who also stated that Cyrus himself died in the conflict. Also the learned Africanus has recorded the chronology of all these events.

1-6 - F62.22; F63a,2-4; F63b,5s; F73,2s 1 cf.Hdt. 3,36; Eus., chron. 33,8s; 189; Eus., c a n . " 103,13-18; Sync. 281,13s; 287,21-26 Cedr. 242,24 - 243,6 (e Malala) regni Cyri) I s cf. Eus., chron. 107,9 (e Diodoro Siculo); c a n . "
1 b m e n Hi

1 - 6 cf.

189 (anno 30

4 cf. Hdt. 1,214; Eus., chron. 189; Eus., can. *" 104 ; Sync. 282,18s

[OS1] 3 v i K q a a c , KpoToov SI < O 4 vaupaxia O auv itoXXatc, vauoiv SI 6 00961; O ox^unmoc, SI

The historical information given in the first four lines of this fragment is probably derived from Africanus. It should be noted that Eusebius (chron. 106f) has a list of Greek thalassocracies taken f r o m Diodorus Siculus and that the Samians are mentioned there. The technical term 8aXaaaoKpaTT|oavTec. also suggests that Malalas took it from a source, which would have to be Africanus, since the mention of Pythagoras i n this context does not seem to be helpful. We have no evidence that Pythagoras dealt with the history of Samos. The notice for him could originate in either Malalas or Africanus.

230

Iulius Africanus

T75 The Identification of Cambyses and Nebuchadnezzar I I

231

T75
T 7 5 a G e o r g i u s Syncellus (282,18 - 283,2 M o s s h a m m e r )
Kupoc; o t p c i T e u a a c . Era MaaoayEtac im6 Topupidoc vuvaiKdc paaiXiSoc aurcuv Siecp9&pn. pe9' 5v Kau.puaT|C nalq Kpcnrel FlEpociv ETT| n'. TOUTOV OtOVTOU Tivec; elvai NaBoUYpSovOOCOp 6'
TOV

T75 T75a

The Identification of Cambyses and Nebuchadnezzar II

When Cyrus launched a campaign against the Massagetae, he was killed by a woman named Tomyris, their queen. After him, his son Cambyses ruled the Persians for eight years. Some, S u c h as

KaTa 'OXocpepvnv K a i TIJV'IouSfjS, cbc, K a i AcppiKavoc;, dmp dduvarov, npdvrov p

E V

Africanus, t h i n k t h a t h e w a s Nebuchadnezzar I I , w h o was at t h e t i m e o f H o l o fernes a n d J u d i t h .


1

o n 6KTa)Kai6eKaTa) etei airrou yeypa7rTai ev Tfj'Iouo"f|9 caTTOTdX9ai 'OXocpepvrjc. K a r a Xupiac Kai 5 naXaiOTivtic, K a i Aiyurcrou, OUTOC Si n ' pdva e t n ePaoiXEuae Kai mic Til) OKTCDKaidEKdra) ETEI aurou et;Ttpv(/ev OXocpEpvr|v; ETCEITO 6TI ETC! 'IcuaKEip TOU pEydXou dpxipu>c> 6c, fjv uioc Ir|oou TOU 'ICOOESK,
Tqv

But this is impossible, first because it is written in Judith that in his 1 8

t h

year, Holofernes was sent out against Syria, Palestine and Egypt. But this Cambyses was king for only eight years, so how did he dispatch Holofernes in his 1 8 year? Secondly, it is written that it was during the time of Joiakim the great high priest, who was son of Jeshua, the son of Jozadak, that the events involving Judith and Holofernes occurred. Now Joiakim began his service as high priest 20 years after the death of Cambyses.
th

y e y p a T C T a i 7t7tpax9ai r d KaTd'Iou6f|9 K a i 'OXocppvr|v- d 6E'IcuaKEip psrd Tf|v KapPuoou TEXEUd p x i p d . T E u 0 E V EIC STT| K'.

2s

> F 7 3 . 9 ; ps. Io. Ant. fr. 37* (574 Ro.) 'O 'OXocpepvrjc TOU 5EUTpou NaPouxoSovdaop, Sv "EXXt]ravra

VEC K a p P u a r | v KaXouoiv, rjv OTpaTnydc. Sync. (289,5s Moss.) Tdv KapPucmv T I V E C NaPouxoSovdacop vopicbuai TOV Kard rnv 'Iou5f|6- oi>K EOTC CSE, ac npoSeSeiKxai Kai v rofc uerd SaxdrjcreTai. Georg. Mon. 274,20s M E T O 5 E Kupov iPaoiXEUOE KapPuar|c Na(3ou6ov6aa>p KXqflEic ETq in'. uioc auTou d K a i

T75b
1 c f . H d t . 1,214; Eus., can."'" 104 Hdt. 3,66 ( a n n . 7, menses 5)
b

I s cf. Eus., c h r o n . 15,13; 33,12 (ann. 8, ita astr. can. et eccl. can.); c h r o n . ( C h r o n . Pasch. 270,2 = Eus., c a n . " 104 ); Io. Mai. Judith: During the reign of Xerxes the king of the Persians, the kings of the Ethiopians rose up i n rebellion against the Persians. W h e n the king went to war against them, the Jews turned their attention to revolt and in their contempt for him returned to Jerusalem. When Xerxes arrived from
H i c

2s cf. Eus.,

6,13s; G e o r g . M o n . 20,21-22; Suda'Iou5ij9 I 431; A n o n . Matr. 30,4-6; Sym. Log. (Leo Gr. 47,8-10 = Th. Mel. 4 0 , 5 - 7 = Iul. Pol. 142,10s); Sulp.Sev., c h r o n . 2,14,1 4cf. Idt 2,1 [AB] 1 T o p u p i d o c Di. TOU pupidoc A t o u p u p i d o c B | 6v B civ A 4 6s cf. Idt4,8 y E y p a r c T a i B EyEypaxcTo A

the Ethiopians, he went to war against the Jews, entrusting the battle against them to Holofernes. And so as Holofernes was setting siege to Jerusalem, a certain woman named Judith feigned affec

scd7TcrrdX9cu A EcartEOTdX9r| B 7 r d < B

tion for him, and while he was sleeping cut off his head at night. After impaling his head on the city-wall, she put the Persians to flight. When the siege was lifted, the Jews were in this way relieved of their fear. Now Nehemiah, the priest of the Jews, dealt boldly with him and persuaded him to

T 7 5 b S u d a ' I o u S f j e I 430 (2,641 A d l e r )


'IouSfj9' 6TI eni HEp^ou, TOU POOIXECOC riEpociv, o i TCOV Ai6i6Ttcov POOIXEIC E n a v i a T a v T a i TlEpaaic, Kai TOU paaiXa>c K O T ' EKEIVCOV OTpaTEUoavtoc, oi'Ioudaioi npdc drtdoTaaiv etdov K a i KaTacppovijaavTEC auTOfi Eni T T I V 'IepouoaXf|p dvf]X9ov. OUTOC S E r t E p i y e v d p E v o c rcbv Ai9i67tu)v ETC! TOUC 'Ioudaiouc O T p a t e u E i 'OXocpepvf| r d v KOT' a u T f i v ndXspov E n i T p ^ a c . rtoXiopKouvTOC TOIVUV 'OXocpEpvou Tijv 5 'IepouCTaXfjp, y u v f ] TIC, dvopa 1ou6ij9, Ttpoartoir|aapEvr| Tf|v cpiXouoav aurdv, cue Kd9EudE, vuKTdc
drcETEpEv a i ) T o u Tf|v KcpaXf|v K a i dvaaKoXomoaaa T a u r r | v eni TOU TEIXOUC cpuyEiv rcapEOKEuaoE

conclude a peace with them and allow them to rebuild Jerusalem, with Ezra as their leader. I u l i u s

A f r i c a n u s states t h a t Nebuchadnezzar, w h o was also k n o w n as Cambyses, was k i l l e d b y her.


2

O n this identification i n Africanus, see Gelzer 1,109-111. It should be noted that Eusebius re ports this information and attributes it to 'Hebrew authors', Eus., can.
H l

TOUC; riEpoac;- OUTCU TE Tfjc rcoXiopKiac Xu9tar|c drcr)XXdyriaav oi'Ioudaioi TOU cpdpou. d 8E T U V ' I O U daicov iEpEuc; NepEoiac rcapppoiav EXCUV npoc aurdv ETCEIOEV aurdv dpfjvqv OTCiaao9ai repde aurouc
Kai cvyxaJpfjcrcu auroic dvaKTiaaa9ai Tf|v'lpouaaXf|p,"Ea6pa r t p o p y o u p E v o u aurciv.

" 104 (ab Hebraeis);

Chron. Pasch. 270,2 (nap' 'Eppaiotc). O n the other hand, it is interesting to observe that ps. John of Antioch, fr. 37*, mentions this information through a perspective which is not Greek: 'OXocppvr|c . . dv "EXXn,vec KapPuonv KaXoDaiv (i.e. the author does not consider himself as "EXXnv); on the text see also Roberto 2005b,287f. 2 Cf. Idt 13,6-8, according to which Judith slew Holofernes, Nebuchadnezzar's general. The sentence i n its present form must be a misunderstanding of Africanus, either by the lexicogra pher or his source. About Africanus it does not provide more than the identification o f Cambyses (therefore considered testimonium).

IouXlOc; 6e

io

A9ptKav6c; Aeyei, O T I Na(3ouxo6ov6aop, 6 K a i Kap(5i3ar|c;, dvaipeixai 671' auTfjc;.

[AGIFVM] 1
2

rou<A

6-10

Kal...auTf)c < F

TEexVMsolis

Nepeoiac Wolf

8s Ttpdc . . . c t v a K T i a a a O a i < V 9 dvaKTfjoao9ai G I M

232

Iulius Africanus

T76 The Chronology from Adam to the Babylonian Captivity

233

F76

S y m e o n Logothetes (Leo Grammaticus [ 3 8 , 1 7 - 2 2 Bekker] = Theodosius

F76

The Chronology

from

Adam

to the Babylonian

Captivity

M e l i t e n u s [ 3 4 , 4 - 8 Tafel] = G e o r g i u s M o n a c h u s c o n t i n u a t u s [ 1 8 0 , 1 - 6 M u r a l t = PG110,3O4BC]) From t h e first y e a r o f A h a z and t h e


2

first

O l y m p i a d up to this captivity, there are,


3

therefore, 144 years in all; from Saul the first king of the Hebrews, 490 years; from the death of SuvdyeTai.Toivuv CXTtd TtpuJTOU 8TOUC,

Axa(

K a i TtptbTnC,

'OAUpmaOOC,
l

pEvpi

TfiaSe Tfjc,

Joshua, son of Nun, 1100 years, from Noah and the Flood, 2610 years; from Adam, 4 8 7 2 years.
6

UETOCKf|Osu)c Tr| pu6', drco Si EaouX roti rcpiirou SamXeiiovToc, 'EBpaiuiv err) u p ' , euro 6e Tf)q T E XeuTf]c/Ir|o-oO TOU Naur] ZXT] ,ap', arto Si Nii) K a i TOU KaraicXuopou ETt] , p>X'> cd Si A6au Tr| ,6coo|3'.

1 *F64 ETEOIV oiv

2 ->F34,66

F34.63-66

3s -> T40,ls + F34,65s

4 Sym. Log. (Leo Gr. [43,16-20 Toiq iv rote, o' rfjq aixpaXuioiaq

Bekker] = T h . Mel. [37,24-27 Tafel]) AKOXOVQOV Xomdv imSpauEiv rjyrioauivoiq. &xpt TOUTOU TOV TEXEVTMOV roiiq itpeZfjq xpbvovq and TOV npwTov irovq ZESEKI'OV

'IwotKEiu ouvdyovrai drc6 ASdp ,6u>op" ETn. Xomdv SEI qn<piq"Eiv.

2 piTOLKEO"ictc Leo Gr. | pp6' T h . Mel. (cod.) Georg. Mon. ppa' Leo Gr. sed lege ppe' | vo' Th. Mel. (cod.) vq' L e o Gr. uC Georg. Mon. cont. (Muralt) 3 ,Px ' Th- Mel. ,Px' Leo Gr.
1

T77 T77a

Daniel

and

the

Captivity

Daniel, together with his companions Ananias, Azarias and Mizael, was part of this captivity. Welleducated, this Daniel proved pleasing to King Nebuchadnezzar. T h i s is w h a t A f r i c a n u s also

The chronological information found in this unattributed text is for the most part an accurate representation of Africanus' reckoning. See also Gelzer 1,94 and Schwartz 1895,32. More precisely, 145 years. Africanus numbered 215 years from Ol. 1,1 to the end of the 70 years of the Babylonian captivity in 1 Cyrus (= O l . 55,1), see F34.41-43. The subtraction of 70 years from this total would produce 145 years for the period of time from Ol. 1,1 to the beginning of

T77
T77a S y n c . : G e o r g i u s Syncellus ( 2 6 5 , 2 9 - 266,8 M o s s h a m m e r ) S y n c . : G e o r g i u s Syncellus ( 2 6 1 , 1 4 - 1 9 M o s s h a m m e r )
2 1

the captivity (or 147 with the variant reading of 217 years, see F34, n. 6). 3 4 For the 490 year chronology from Saul to the captivity, see F34.66. For Africanus' calculation of this sum, see F34.63-66: 30 (the years of the elders) + 490 (the judges) + 90 (Eli and Samuel) + 490 (the kings) = 1100 years. According to T40,lf, Africanus counted 4292 years from Adam to the end of the rule of the judges. Since the period of time from the end of the judges to the captivity lasted 580 years (F34, 6 65f), the years from Adam to the captivity total 4872. The number of years from the Flood (= A M 2262, T45.10) to the captivity would thus come to 2610 (4872 - 2262 = 2610). See previous note. The repetition of 11. 5-7 of this text in two differing contexts and in identical wording suggests either that his knowledge of Africanus was indirect or that he was drawing upon previously recorded notes.

"EK Taurnc, Tfjc aixpaXaiaiac, f\v AavifjX dpa role, ouv a u r a A v a v i a , Ai^apia, Mif,afjX. OUTOC; d Aavif|X rtaiSeuSEic,
TT)V

rcaidEiav E u d p E o r o c , EyevEro

TCO

(5aaiXsI NaPouxoSovdacup.

TaiJTa

K a i 6 Acppi-

test.: l i n e . S y n c . ' [ A B ] 1 cf. E u s , c a n .


H i s r

7 2 - 4 cf. Hipp., Dan. 1,6,1s; Hipp., chron. 679; Sync. 260,20s

98

I s cf. D a n 4,1-5

234

Iulius Africanus E K Tfjc; (3' aiyuaXcoaiac. l o u 6 a f\v 6 T E A a v i r j X K a i o l rpElc,

T77 Daniel and the Captivity

235 were f r o m the s e c o n d c a p

Kavoc, u a p r u p c o v , o n

attests, namely t h a t D a n i e l and the three y o u n g m e n

TICXISEC. navoScopoc. SE Kai erepoi r<Dv i a r o p i K d i v EK tfjc ev Zapapeia uno ZaXpavaadp aixpaXw5 ciac,. r o O T o u S a
TOU
K'

t i v i t y o f Judah. But Panodorus and other historians say that they belonged to the captivity of Sa maria under Salmanasar. The twentieth king of Judah was Sedekias, 11 years, A M 4896. A f r i c a nus n u m b e r s the s e v e n t y years o f the c a p t i v i t y f r o m the first year o f S e d e k i a s .
8

e|3aoiXeuae SeSeKiac, etn i a ' . rd


O ' ETT]

TOU S E K o a p o u

i^v

ETOC,

,5cooc/. AcpptKavdc, ClTtO


E ' ETEI I E S E K I O U ,

a'

ETOUC; ZE5EKIOU

Tfjc, aixpaXcoaiac, dpiBpEl. rep

Koopou

In the fifth year of Sedekias, A M 4900, the great prophet Ezekiel began to prophesy.
64 ,5^', r j p f c d r o npocpntEUEiv 6 pryac, TtpocpqTqc/lECEKiqX.

test.:Sync. 3s

5 TouTouSa inc. Sync. [AB] Tpi-

Sym. L o g . (Leo Gr. [45,1-12 Bekker] = T h . Mel. [38,21-30 Tafel]) OiVoc b NaBovxoSovooop

TOV inbpdrjce

TCX lepoobXvua, nputzov pev ore iv rep Tpfru) trei 'EXiaiceiu avfjXde Kai iXaBev aurov re

'/e^ovi'av Kai rfjv TOVTOV prrxipa Kai ovv Tip aXXco nXfjdet rov npoffJTriv'Ie(exifjX, ETOC ayiov Tfjc BaoiXeiaq npibrov- SEUTEPOV SE OTE ev rep rpiTtp pnvi Texoviou, TOU Kai 'IcoaKeip, dvqX6 Kai e\a(3e ouv eTEpoic. T 6 V AavinX Kai Avaviav Kai MiaaqX K a i Acdpiav (A(drov T h . Mel.), ETOC, ayiov auroc. 6y8oov rqc; BaoiXaac. (< T h . Mel.), TO St rphov ore iv rip ivSeKarw itu rbv TOV ZeSeKiov dvfjXde, Kai Exc. uiv vadv ivinpnae, TOV Si ZeSzKiav iqeTvcpXiooe, Kai TOVC vloiiq avTov ovv iripoiq KaTiapafc, Kai

TO Aoirrdv nXfjQoq anf/yayev eiq aixuaXwoiav, ITOC ayiov ambq Tfjq BaoiXeiaq ivveaKaiSexaTov.

Barb. ( 2 5 8 , 1 - 5 Frick) Et hunc iterum adduxit Nabugodonosor rex Babyllonis ad se ligatum catenis et multitudinem populi filiorum Israhel, in quibus et Danihelem et qui cum eo erant Annaniam et Hiezechielem captiuos duxit i n Babylonia. Cedr. (198,7-17 Bekker) AdeTtjoavToq Si Tnv popoXoyiav 'IioxKeiu fjXde naXiv eiq 'IepovoaXfju Na&ovxoSovboop, Kai TOVTOV xeipiooauevoq Kai dveXibv Kai dno TOU Teixovq ptipfjvai KeXevoaq ciTatpov era TTOAUV KaTiXme xpbvov, BaoiXevoavTa iTn ivSeKa. nepi ov fnaiv 'Iepeuiaq TdSe Xeyei Kiipioq ini 'lioaKeip vibv 'Iiooiov- ovai ini TOV avSpa TOVTOV. OV un Kbyovrai
avTov,

lb dSeXcpi, ovSi ufj KXavoovrai avTov,

oi" uot, Kvpie, Kai oi uoi, aSeXcpi- aXXa Ta<pfjv ovov

TapfjoeTai, Kai ovpfncpiodeiq biipfjoeTai ijteKeiva

Tfjq nvXnq'lepovoaXfju. TOTE K a i Aavif^X dTtqxBq Kai 5s >

oi TpElc T r a f f i c , K a i dXXoi TOU Xaou TCXEIOTOI Kai pspoc, rcov OKEUUIV Kupiou etc, Ba|3uX<i)va. Tafel])
TOU

T6,14; F34.19-24.67; F46,207s; F76; Sym. Log. (Leo Gr. [43,16-20 Bekker] = T h . Mel. [37,24-27
AKOXOVOOV

Aoi7rdv imSpaueiv miq iv roiq o' Tfjq aixpaXcooiaq eTeoiv fjynaauevoiq. &xpi TOV yqcpicEiv. T77b The sum of years from the burning of the Temple to its reconstruction is 70 years, and from the first

TOV TOV TeXevTaiov lioaKeiu ovvdyovrai dnb ASdp ,SiooB' ern. Xoindv ouv roue. cpE,nc. xpdvouc, dn6 TtpcoTou
ETOUC, Z E S E K I O U SEI

3s c f . D a n 1,1-6 5s cf. I V Regn 24,18 - 25,21; I I Par 36,11-21;I Esdr 1,44; Clem. Alex., strom. 1,21,127,1s; H i p p . , Dan. 1,3,4-8; Sym. Log. (Leo Gr. 44,22 - 46,18 = T h . Mel. 38,18-27); Iul. Pol. 134,16- 140,19 6 s c f . E z l , 2 4 K B EV A 5 K' Sync. K E ' Sync. | f\v ETOC < Sync.':A 6 ru> o' ETEI Sync. :A | dpi6pl rqc aixpaXtoalac. S y n c . : A
2 2 1 2

year of Cyrus who returned the captives, 44 years. If someone asks why the Hebrews say that it was built in 46 years, this difference of two years arises from the fact that some reckon from the begin ning of the prophecy of Jeremiah, others from the third year of Joachim, others from the burning of

T 7 7 b M i c h a e l Syrus 4,21 ( 4 , 6 5 a , 1 5 - 2 6 re'cKix. - L . rt'in, calAlaj

Chabot) rdiii. Jla

the Temple. A f r i c a n u s c o u n t s f r o m the b e g i n n i n g o f the r e i g n o f Sedekias; Daniel, from Jeremiah; Clement, from the time of the burning of the Temple.

r ^ 3 3 V k . r q a cpa oxa.Tn

ISOJC ^SJ.T i u K

fVilr\

cK.rc' 3

lArjcnre' OJPli.-i Q ' i s o K ' i

rd'in^.

rpi~7>i\n

fVi-TjiiV

^T73 ArdkJ.i

r-r'inri^. , i c \ J L

c p o \ in.-t^r-r"

ndijcD.i 8 For Africanus' division of these 70 years according to the years of individual rulers, see Sym. Log. (Leo Gr. [44,22 - 46,18 Bekker] = T h . Mel. [38,18-27 Tafel]); 11 years Zedekiah + 25 years Nebuchadnezzar + 12 years Marodach + 4 years Baltasar + 17 Darius + 1 Cyrus. O n the pro blem, see also Gelzer l,100f. For the Logothete group as a witness to Africanus, see more generally Wallraff 2006,56-58.

5 Barhebr. ( 2 6 - 2 7 Wallis Budge) And Clemens reckons from the burning [of the temple] the seventy years of the Captivity until the second year of Darius ... and Africanus from the beginning [of the reign of] Z e d e k i a h .

236

Iulius Africanus

F78 The Seventy Weeks of Daniel

237

F 7 8 C h r o n i c o n Paschale (307,15 - 308,9 D i n d o r f )


[praecedit D a n 9,24-27 6] 'EvTEuBfiV OUV AcppiKavoc ^ a p i 6 | i l TOV EV Tfj aUTfj 7tpOCpr|Tia

F 7 8 The Seventy Weeks of


2

Daniel

F r o m t h i s p o i n t o n , therefore, Africanus enumerates the n u m b e r o f years i n t h e

ouvTEivovTa o u p o v o v km Tf]v T O U atoTr|p(ou KripuypaTOc; rtapouaiav, aXXa y a p Kai EIC, ert] vo', di napd rep AaviqA rcpocpn,TCOV

| 3 8 o p . r J K o v T a (3Sopd6cov dpi9pov,

same p r o p h e c y o f the 70 'weeks,' a n u m b e r w h i c h extends n o t o n l y u p t o t h e


parousia o f t h e p r o c l a m a t i o n o f s a l v a t i o n , b u t also for 490 years.
3

From this point,


nd

TeuOeToai o' TCOV ETCOV eBSopdSec; rnv dpxqv eXaBov, K a i crupnXqpouvrai eic TO K(3' ETOC, Tfjc r j v E p o v i a c 5 TiBepiou Kaiaapoc,, fjyouv 6' ETOC, aa' 'OXupmd6oc, Kai TCOV pEV 9' EpViopdScov riXqpoupEvcov sic, TO IS' eroc. Tfjc fjyp.ovtac TiBepiou Kaiaapoc Kai rcpcorov ETOC a(3' 'OXupmd6oc, EV ci fj Ttapouaia f| i m TO Bdrcriapa Kai fj apxfj TOU ccoTr|piou K r i p u y p a r o c TOU pEydXou 9EOU K a i acuTfjpoc fjpcbv'Iriaou XpioroO. Tfjc 6E Xomfjc piac Ep6opd5oc, fjric SuvapcbcTEi 6ia9rJKr|v rtoXAoic, rcXr|poupEvr|c> cbc i'pr|Tai, K a r a TO K B ' ETOC Tfjc TipEplou Kaioapoc povapxiac. TO 6E fjpiau Tfjc EpSopdSoc, EV cl> cpr|cnv 6 rcpocprjirric, 10 ApBijoerai poo 0ooia, cp6dvi K a r a r d i9' ETOC Tfjc Tipepiou povapxiac, fjyouv T t r a p T o v ETOC OP' 'OXupradfjoc, K a 8 ' 6 rdv EKOUOIOV Kai cuxmoidv i m i p E i v E crraupdv Xpiordc 6 dXri9iv6c 8sdc rjpcov.

the 'weeks' of 70 years prophesied in Daniel took their beginning and are completed in the 2 2
st 4

year

of the rule of Tiberius Caesar, that is the fourth year of the 201 Olympiad. For the 69 weeks are completed in the 14 year of the rule of Tiberius Caesar and the first year of the 2 0 2
th nd

Olympiad, at

the time of the parousia at his baptism, and the beginning of the proclamation of salvation of the great G o d and our Savior Jesus Christ. A n d the remaining one week, which 'will strengthen a covenant for many,' is completed, as has been said, in the 2 2 And
nd

year of the reign of Tiberius Caesar.

the half of the week, in which the prophet says, 'My offering will be taken away,' is completed
th nd

in the 1 9 year of the reign of Tiberius, that is the fourth year of the 202

Olympiad, at which time .

Christ, our true God, underwent of his own will the life-giving Crucifixion. 1-3 - F93,19s.22-25.31-33.54-69.78-83.100-103; Exc. Barb. (264,16-18 Frick) ( - cf. app. ad

F79.2-4) Post h a e c et Africanus dinumerans ipsam prophetiam septem ebdomadarum et septuagesimum n u m e r u m extendens ad Christi aduentum. 3s cf. Dan 9 , 2 4 - 2 7 9 cf. D a n 9,27 9

T78a
[V] 4 o' TCOV transposuimus TCOV o' V 5 aa' V recte probabiliter cry' 10 oP' V corr. Di.

F r o m t h a t p o i n t , Africanus n u m b e r s t h e 70 'weeks' according t o t h e p r o p h e c y T 7 8 a E u s e b i u s , C h r o n i c a ( C h r o n i c o n Paschale [ 3 1 1 , 3 - 9 D i n d o r f ] )


'EVTEUSEV

o f D a n i e l , e x t e n d i n g t o 490 years. A n d one would find them completed after the Re surrection of Christ during the reign of the Roman emperor Nero. During his reign the city began

AcppiKavoc, dpi9pi K a r a Tf|v

TOU

A a v u j A TtpocprpEidv

T O V TCOV

o ' S(3-

to be besieged, and endured the final capture, that is the captivity, in the second year of Vespasian, the emperor who succeeded him, and the second year of the 212 Olympiad.
lh

OOpd8cOV d p t Q p o V , CTUVTELVOVTa Eic; Tr| U p ' . Kai eupoi TIC aurdc rtEpaioupEvac psrd rfjv TOU Xpiatou dv&Xryyiv ETC! rfjv dpxfiv NEpcuvoc'Pcopaicov auTOKpdropoc, Ka9' ov fj TtdXic dpcapevr| noXiopKEiaflai SeuTipci) ETEI TOO pT' aurdv paaiXEuaavroc OuEonaaiavoO Kai 5Euripco aiP' 'OXuu5 mdSoc rfjv E a x d x r | v aXcooiv, fjyouv aixpaXcooiav, UTCEPEIVE.

1 Is cf. supra app. ad F78.1-3 1 - 5 Eus., can.


Hier

For a parallel text in Latin independent o f the Chronicon Paschale, see the Excerpta Barbari (in app. to 11. 1-3). Close verbal similarities between the two witnesses and terminology typical of Africanus suggest that this is a direct quotation from his chronicle. See, for example, the use of T t a p o u a i a (1. 5) (= aduentus); for Africanus' use of the word in connection with the beginning of Jesus' ministry, see F93.24.29.83.108 (and n. 18 ad loc); F94,lf. Note also the use of ef,api9pco (= very literally dinumerans). Because the reference from Eusebius that follows (T78a) is more of a paraphrase, it has been classified as testimonium.

(114 Helm) Neemiam, qui muros Hierusalem con-

struxit, consummasse opus X X X I I anno Artaxerxis regis Persarum Ezras memorat. Si quis autem ab hoc tempore L X X <h>ebdomadas a Danihelo scriptas numeret, quae faciunt annos C C C C X C , repperiet eas in regno Neronis expletas, sub quo obsideri Hierusalem coepta secundo postea Vespasiani anno capitur. E u s . , can.""" (194 Karst) Und wenn man v o n da an zahlt die 70 Wochen, die bei Daniel vorkommenden, welche ausmachen 490 Jahre, so wird m a n finden, daC unter Neron d e m Selbstherrscher vollendet worden sind die Wochen, unter welchem d e r Beginn d e r Belagerung d e r Stadt ward; n a c h Neron, i m zweiten Jahre des Vespianos, erlitt s i e dann vollends d i e letzte Zerstorung. S y n c . (299,25-30 Moss.) (-> T80d) Tdc pfivroi o ' eP5opd5ac n a p a TCO AavujX gcoc X p i aroO f j y o u p E v o o EVTEUBEV dpi9pia8ai 6EI K a r a rdv AcppiKav6v irrj up'. Euaepioc 6E d KaioapEuc cpnaiv OTI ei T I C EVTEUSEV dpi8prjai r d napa TCO AaviqX o' Ep8opd8ac, < a i > yivovrai irr\ vo', E u p o i dv autdc Ercl Nepcova "Pcopaicov a u T O K p d r o p a TtEpaioupEvac, Ka8'6v rtoXiopKEioSai dpc;apEvr| rj ndXic pTd NEpcuva ETOUC P' OuEarcaaiavou rf|v eaxdrqv dXcoaiv urcEpEivEv. Mich. Syr. 5,1 (1,108,3s Chabot) Cest d e cette epoque d'Artaxerxes qu'Africanus commence a compter les semaines indiquees par Daniel (cf. etiam 1. 5-10 Chabot). 6 [V] 5 urcopeivai V corr. D i . 5 4 3 2

That is, in the context of the Chronicon Paschale, Ol. 81,3. Cf. F93,57, according to which the starting point of the prophecy in Africanus was O l . 83,4. The explanation of the chronology of the 70 weeks in Daniel that follows differs from Africa nus' own interpretation. Africanus assigned only one year to the period between Christ's bap tism and the Crucifixion. The endpoint of Daniel's prophecy by his reckoning was 16 Tiberius = O l . 202,2; see F93,57f. Text; aa' (201). The more accurate Olympiad number would be ay' (203). 490 years from Ol. 81,3 would be O l . 203,4 (reckoning inclusively). In the Chronicon Paschale, the text is not explicitly attributed to Eusebius; see, however, the parallels in the apparatus of secondary witnesses, in particular Syncellus. In O l . 90,1, according to the Chronicon Paschale. Cf. Eus., can."" 194: O l . 87,1; Eus., c a n . " 114 : 01.86,4.
f Hi

238

Iulius Africanus

T78 The Seventy Weeks of Daniel

239

T78b

G e o r g i u s Syncellus ( 2 7 7 , 1 2 - 1 9

Mosshammer)

T78b

Mapooxcuoc. o e did xfjc 'EaGfjp TOV PaoiXea grcaoev dvaipcOfjvai TOV Apdv. TIVEC p v odv Tdc o' E(36op.dSac d-rcd TOUSE TOU X P U pouXovrai dpi8plo6ai, E T E p o i 6 E , OJC, cxTto N e s p i o u
V

But through Esther, Mordecai persuaded the king to kill Haman. There are those, then, who would reckon the 70 weeks from this date, whereas others, s u c h as A f r i c a n u s , r e c k o n them

ra
5

TO

Kai reXeiac, dvoiKoSopfjc; T O U v a o u Kai Tfj<; K ' E T O C , ApTai;pc;Ol) T O U K a i MaKp6j(ipoc;, d r o p tjv

Kai AcppiKavoc,, TtdXecoc;, fJTic, yeyovE K a


K o o p o u ,Ecn'. ETEpoi dred Tpc

f r o m N e h e m i a h a n d t h e final b u i l d i n g o f t h e T e m p l e a n d t h e city, w h i c h o c c u r r e d i n the 2 0


t h

year o f A r t a x e r x e s , also k n o w n as ' L o n g a r m . ' This was A M 5068. A n d

oiKodopfjc TOO vaou Tpc did Zopo|5d|3\ Kai'Iqaou TOU u i o u ' I u o E d E K , Tip (3' ETEI A a p E i o u , dpi6pouoi Tdc auTac o' ep6opd6ac.

still others count the 70 weeks from the building of the Temple under Zorobabel and Jeshua the s o n of Josedek in the second year of Darius.

2 - 4 F93,33-45.54-57.79s 1 cf. E s t 7,1-10 I s cf. Hipp., chron. 685 2 - 4 cf. II Par 36,22s; I Esdr 2; 5,1 - 7,5; II Esdr 12,17 a

13,37; 15,14; H i p p . , chron. 684; Eus., can." 160

F79

G e o r g i u s Syncellus ( 2 9 8 , 1 2 - 1 9

Mosshammer)

F 7 9 Ezra the Priest


A9ptKavou Ttspl TOU "Eodpa ETtTaKaidEKdxou and Aapdiv TOU rtpurrou [ipiwqZuYXCupqaavTOc; ApTac;pi;ou fjGpoioev "EaSpac, i d T E Xijp K a i T O V 5 T O U C ; urroXoinouc;

Tfjc;

'IouSaicov

atXpaXcoaiac,

From Africanus, concerning Ezra, the 17 priest from Aaron, the first priest: W i t h the p e r m i s s i o n o f Artaxerxes, Ezra c o l l e c t e d the r e m n a n t o f t h e Jewish c a p t i v i t y a n d w i t h w h a t was left o f the T e m p l e vessels came t o Jerusalem a n d t a u g h t the law. W h e n h e l e a r n e d that they h a d m i x e d w i t h the gentiles t h r o u g h i n t e r m a r r i a g e , h e f o r c e d each o f the m e n m a r r i e d t o f o r e i g n w o m e n to get r i d o f his w i f e . T h e y c o m p l i e d , a n d the matter was c o m p l e t e d w i t h the a p p r o a c h o f winter.

th

Xei\|/ava

T U > V O K E U W V T O U v a o u rjX0Ev excuv E I C , ' I s p o u o a -

ETtiyapiac, auTOUC, d v a p e p i x 9 a i T O I C , gGvEOiv, r ) v d y K a ( TOUC; O U X opofiGvEic; E X O V T O C , EC,d>aai g K a c r r o v rf)v yuvaiKa xryv kavxov. o i 6' u r t r J K o u o v K a i T O U X < C > ' . ETtEiyopEvou T O Epyov ETtETeXetTO.
ESiSaoKEV. cbc; S E ETCUBETO K O T '
E I U v o c

vopov

2-4

F93.31-45; Sym. Log. (Leo Gr. [47,22 - 48,1 Bekker] = T h . Mel. [40,20s Tafel] = Iul. Pol. eic

[144,6-8 Hardt]) Zuyxioprjoavroc Apracspcbu "Eodpac 6 iepevq roue imoXoinouc dvayayuv Frick) Eo tempore

lepouaaXf|p (Tcrpaf|X Leo Gr.) rdv v o p o v e^enaideuev (ecerraideuaev Iul. Pol.). Exc. Barb. (264,13s Hesdras ascendens in Hierusalem legem docebat ... ( F78, app. ad 1. 1-3). Io. rfjq ovyKlfjrov avrov, Mai. 6,15 (124,25-30 Thurn) '0 Se avrbq Apra^ep^nq napaKXndeiq inb rivwv

Kai TOUC unoXoiTtouc Toudaiouc uniXvoev, Kai eiriq tdv f)fSov\rj8ri rbre dveXOetv eic Trjv 'IepouaaXijp, dvfjXSE p e r d "Eo6pa rot) npo(pr)rov Kai r)yovuevov- dmvi Kai rd iepd OKEur| ESIVKEV Kai rac BiBXovq raq iepariKaq avrov ypd(peo8ai 2-4 rac, evpedeioaq- b Se avrbq "EoSpaq rwv pr) evpedevrcov fiifiXiivv dno vnopvrjoewq rd imopvrjpara enoinaev. 2-7 cf. II Esdr 7-10; 23,23-31; Ios., ant. Iud.

cf. E u s . , can." 1118; Sync. 298,21-26

11,121-153 [AB] 1 d c p p i K a v o u rtspi TOU eodpa habet in margine A ut 7tTaKai6eKaToc . iepEiuc ad textum praecedentem pertinere uideatur. Moss, transposuit auctore B et I I Esdr 7,1-5, et corr. i n ETtTaxatSfiKdrou

240

Iulius Africanus

T80 Africanus as a Source for post-biblical Jewish History

241

T80
T 8 0 a Eusebius, Canones (Hieronymus [113 Helm])
Hucusque Hebraeorum diuinae scripturae an nates temporum continent. Ea uero, quae
a

T80 T80b Eusebius, Canones (armeniace T80a

Africanus

as a Source for post-biblical

Jewish T80b

History

[ 2 , 1 2 0 , 1 6 - 1 9 A u c h e r = 193 K a r s t ] ) \J'/jUUt giVjUlfliyp nilijili Lj'juiijhiji m/ dujptJMjptwt/ufli


q-frpgli: \yL np fili^jhut ft 'hntjufhfc, jt q-pniju IfnjJiU' Ipuptf t.ijluj. uijim/il/ ipnjn)f,ijitn mj U. 5 np iliii/piipiiijl.ip It, ft jntfubufutj The divine Scriptures of the Hebrews contain chronological records up to this point. Events, The prophetic books of the Hebrews have [pas sed down the tradition] to this point. And

p o s t haec a p u t eos gesta s u n t , exhibeb i m u s de l i b r o M a c c h a b a e o r u m et I o 5 u n i u e r s a m h i s t o r i a m usque ad R o m a na t e m p o r a p e r s e c u t i sunt.

however, t h a t h a p p e n e d a m o n g t h e m afterwards, we w i l l set f o r t h f r o m b o o k o f the Maccabees, a n d the tings o f Josephus and Africanus, t h a t u p t o R o m a n times. the wri who

w h a t has which and are from

been d o n e b y t h e m c a l l e d ' o f the Josephus and

after

wards, I w i l l arrange f r o m the w r i t i n g s Maccabees', Africanus,

s e p h i et A f r i c a n i s c r i p t i s , q u i deinceps jutifipftljujltnj,
Jiiiiliiihittlpib

np qp.u jturutu^

niuillyhujjh mj

tifUJUttfriLfcffiLbub

Jftb^U. fi ~n iitlui/l.iji

p^nLtjftU:

have c o n t i n u e d universal h i s t o r y after

w h o have c o n t i n u e d u n i v e r s a l h i s t o r y after that up to R o m a n t i m e s .

5-7^T6,17-21;Tll,4-7

1-7 Mich. Syr. 5,2 (1,109 Chabot; cf. Barhebr. 35 Wallis Budge) A partir d'ici, nous pouvons trouver la serie des annees et les evenements qui s'y passerent dans les livres des Macchabees, dans ceux de Josephe et d u chroniqueur Africanus.

T 8 0 c E u s e b i u s , C h r o n i c a (armeniace [ 1 , 1 0 6 , 1 4 - 1 9 A u c h e r = 3 4 , 1 0 - 1 3 K a r s t ] ) T80c
Qkpputjkgi.n[jlj Chpftiiijiiji nit lutLpthfdbp if jipp l[pftlt. Ipnpif l.ipup ft Jhifufiut, It- np jhut *unpuj np ft tlh^_

U. ft ijiijiui Jinn jmful,iit/.itij diiiili'iiliuiliinii pin

ft Cphtul{wh

'Vtupjubwiju

I n w h a t follows we have a r r a n g e d the h i m , a n d f r o m the Jewish Chronographiae. Antiquities

c h r o n o g r a p h y o f the

Hebrews

from

uiuiuiJriLfcJlFUt,

It- piitfipfilpti'iiiiufi

/Jhiiilnfli:

M o s e s a n d f r o m those b o o k s that are h a n d e d d o w n a m o n g the H e b r e w s after o f Flavius Josephus, a n d f r o m Africanus'

T 8 0 d G e o r g i u s Syncellus ( 2 9 9 , 1 9 - 2 4 M o s s h a m m e r )
"Ewe, piev ouv "EoSpa K a l Neeuiou ai evSidQerot'EBpatKai ypaipai EKKAnoidCeoSai napeo66r|aav urtd Tfflv p.aKapiu>v drcooToXaiv Kai paStyrffiv TOU Kupiou Kai 6eou Kai ocoTfjpoc, rjpiI>vTr|aou Xpiarou Kai
K a i didaaKdXuiv fjpcliv, TCt 6e pETCX TcvOTa 0"Up|3aVTa f) Ttpax9eVTa SOJC, Tfjc, 6iac, aapKtuaeojc, tote, 'Iou5aioic 'IwanTCTtoc, E V TOIC, MaKKa(3aiKOic, iaTopei

T80d
The canonical Hebrew books up to Ezra and Nehemiah, then, were handed down for use in the churches by the blessed apostles and disciples of the Lord God, our Savior Jesus Christ, and the holy fathers and our teachers; b u t as t o w h a t subsequendy h a p p e n e d to or was done b y

Tfiiv dryicov 7tctTe>u>v

Kai AcppiKavoc, pet' aiitov ev emToptp . . . (> T 7 8 a , app.)

the Jews u p u n t i l the d i v i n e I n c a r n a t i o n , Josephus recounts t h i s i n his Macca3-5 - T 6 . 1 7 - 2 1 ; T l 1,4-7; F89; T92,3s

baean h i s t o r i e s , a n d after h i m A f r i c a n u s i n s u m m a r y f o r m .

242

Iulius Africanus

F81 The Beginning of the Peloponnesian War

243

F81
F 8 1 a G e o r g i u s Syncellus ( 3 0 9 , 8 - 1 9 M o s s h a m m e r )
FlXdriov Ttpdc, XcuKpdTr|v ecpolta- Sipiac, Kai Kepqc Kai oi Xomol ZcoKpariKoi. AcppiKavou-

F 8 1 The Beginning of the Peloponnesian War


F81a
Plato studied with Socrates. Simias and Cebes and the remaining Socratics. From Africanus.

OXufiTcidc; r t f 6 LTeXoTtovvnaicov Kai AOnvaicov rtoXsuoc, ( ' Kai eiKoaaexijc;, 6v ouKudionc; cruveypa\|/e, 6 i ' Aairaaiac; TOpvac; p" Kai axijXac; K a r a M e y a p e t o v 5 v o j v A 9 r ) v a t o i c ; cruveaxr|.
O X u p . m d c . Ttr)'-

The 87

t h

Olympiad. 27-year-long w a r between the Peloponnesians a n d the Athenians,

The

doxuyeixo-

w h i c h T h u c y d i d e s w r o t e about, broke o u t because o f t w o o f Aspasia's p r o s titutes and c o l u m n s erected against the M e g a r i a n s , neighbors to the A t h e n i ans. The 88
th

B a K v u X i 5 r | c , peXonoidc; eyvcopt(eTO. A 6 r | v a i o u c , enieaev 6 Xoipoc,. E t o K p d x n c ; cpiXoaoipot; KaGapxiKOc, fjvGei. 10 ECTTOXIC, K a i Apiaxoq)dvr|c; KcopiKoi, SocpOKXfjc xe 6 xpaya^OTtoioc; eyvcopi(e-ro. Topyiac, K a i dronac, K a i IIpoSiKoc,, cbc, 5e Kaxd
XOTJTOUC,
TIVEC,,

Olympiad.

Bacchylides, t h e l y r i c poet, was b e c o m i n g k n o w n . T h e plague o p p r e s s e d the Athenians. Socrates, the c a t h a r t i c philosopher, was f l o u r i s h i n g . Eupolis a n d A r i s t o p h a n e s , comic poets, a n d Sophocles the tragic p o e t w e r e Kai Zijvcov K a i FIappevi5r|c; eppdyr|. becoming k n o w n . Gorgias, H i p p i a s a n d Prodicus, according to some, and Z e n o a n d P a r m e n i
XOTTOIC,

fJKpatpv.

Ylvp IK Tfjc, A'(xvr|c; ev xoic. K a x d SiKeXiav

des as well, w e r e f l o u r i s h i n g at this t i m e . Fire f r o m M o u n t E t n a burst f o r t h over the r e g i o n s o f S i c i l y


1

3-5 F65,172s; Sync. (304,10-13 Moss.) Tore Kai 6 FleXoTtovvnaiaKdc. auvearn, rcoXepoc, Sid TO yeyovbq into HepiKXeovq yrjcpiopa pn Koivcoveiv Meyapevoi rovq Adrjvaiovq, uiq vftpioaoiv Aonaoiav xr)v yafierfjv avrov, Kai Sid rrjv roiavrnv alriav npooSepeviov rciiv Meyapetov roiq AaKeSaipovioiq. Eus., c a n . " (1148 Helm) tnitium belli Peloponnesiaci 7s Eus., c a n . " ( 1 1 4 - l 15 Helm; sed Ol. 87) Bacchylides c a r m i n u m scriptor agnoscitur. Athenienses pestilentia laborant. Eus., can."" (194 Karst) O l o m i o s uberzeugte die Athener. 9-13 >F81b,7s 10s Eus., can." (115 Helm) Eupolis et Aristofanes scriptores comoediarum agnoscuntur. 12s Eus., c a n . " (114 Helm; sed Ol. 86) Democritus Abderites et Empedocles et Hippocrates medicus Gorgias Hippiasque et Prodicus et Zeno et Parmenides philosophi insignes habentur. 14 Eus., can. " (115' Helm) Ex Aetna monte ignis erupit. Cedr. (255,13s Bekker) 'Ev rovroiq roiq xpbvoiq eppdyn ev ZLKeXict T6 Airvaiov 6poq Kai ,fj\8e nvp.
H i h 1 1 d Hl d Hi

1 cf. S u d a ZoiKpctTnc 1829 3-5 cf. Thuc. 2,2,1; Diod. Sic. 12,37,2; Iul. Afr., cest. I 2,55 4 s c f . A r . , Ach. 5 1 9 - 5 2 7 6s cf. Suda Aidyopac. 6 MrjXioc. A 523 (Ol. 78) 8 cf. Thuc. 2,47,3; Diod. Sic. 12,45,2 9 cf. Plut., Plat, quaest. 1.999 E , 1000 C [AB] 1 Eipiac, D i . aqpiac. A ar|peia B | non liquet ex libris manuscriptis utrum AcppiKavou solum ad lemmata sequentia pertineat an etiam ad praecedentia; in duobus codicibus scriptum est in fine lineae post couKpatiKoi 3 6v B civ A 4 arrjAac. B areiXac, A 4s doTuyeiTovcuv Seal. daTuyeiTiov A B 8 erceiatv 6 Xipoc, A B corr. Moss.

Routh gives only 11. 2 - 5 as Africanus' text. However, the list in the Excerpta Barbari (F81b) gives some of the names in 11. 7-14. Therefore, the whole text should be attributed to Africanus, see also Gelzer l,180f.

244

Iulius Africanus

F81 The Beginning of the Peloponnesian War F81b'

245

F81b E x c e r p t a B a r b a r i (266,1-14 Frick) Post Darium a u t e m regnauit filius eius Artarxerxis secundus qui uocatur Memoratus annos X L I I : Sunt simul anni V milia X C V I I I . Fuit autem sub istum princeps sacerdotum in Hierusalem Heliasibus. F i l o s o f i . a u t e m cognoscebantur t e m p o r i b u s A r t a r x e r s i s Sofoclus, et Tra-

After Darius, his son Artaxerxes II, called Mnemon, was king for 42 years. Altogether there are 5098 years. During his reign, the high priest in Jerusalem was Eliashib. I n t h e time o f A r t a x e r x e s , t h e r e w e r e b e c o m i n g k n o w n the p h i l o s o p h e r s Sophocles, H e r a c l i t u s , A n a x a g o ras, H e r o d o t u s , Melissus, E u r i p i d e s the tragic p o e t , rhetor,
4 3 2

clitus, et A n a x a g o r u s , et H i r o d o t u s , et M e l i s s u s , et E u r i p i d u s c a n t o c o n p o s i t o r , 5 et P r o t a g o r u s , et S o c r a t o r r i t o r , et Fideas s t a t u a s c o n p o s i t o r , et T h e e t i t u s a r t i f e x , et D i m o c r i t u s A b d e r i t u s , et I p p o c r a t i s m e d i c u s , et T h u c u d i d u s r i t o r , et E m p e d o c l u s , et G o r g i a s , et Z i n o n , et P a r m e n i d u s , et Socratus A t h i n e u s , et P e r i c l u s , et E u p o l u s , et A r i s t o f a n u s architector. H i i o m n e s c o g n o s c e b a n t u r : sub Artarxerxe rege dinumerat filosofos. unde et Africanus

Protagoras, Isocrates t h e
6

Phidias the s c u l p t o r ,

Theatetus t h e g r a m m a r i a n ,

Democritus o f A b Gorgias,

d e r a , H i p p o c r a t e s the p h y s i c i a n , T h u c y d i d e s the rhetor, E m p e d o c l e s , Z e n o , Parmenides,


7

Socrates the A t h e n i a n , Pericles, E u p o l i s a n d

Aristophanes

t h e c o m i c p o e t . A l l these m e n w e r e b e c o m i n g k n o w n , whence Africanus reckons the dates of the philosophers during the time of king Artaxerxes.

4-7 Eus., c a n . " (113 -114 Helm) Herodotus cum Athenis libros suos in conciiio legisset, honoratus est. Melissus physicus agnoscitur. Euripides tragoediarum scriptor clarus habetur et Protagoras sophista, cuius libros decreto publico Athenienses combusserunt. Romae rursum consules creati. F i dias eburneam Mineruam facit. Fidenates contra Romanos rebellant. Theaetetus mathematicus ag noscitur, Aristofanes clarus habetur et Sofocles poeta tragicus. Gens Campanorum in Italia constituta. Democritus Abderites et Empedocles et Hippocrates medicus Gorgias Hippiasque et Prodicus et Zeno et Parmenides philosophi insignes habentur. Socratesplurimo sermone celebratur. 4 - 6 Sync. (297, 11-15 Moss.)'Hp66oToc, ioropiKoq eripfjBn napa rr/c ABnvaiwv fSovXijc, enavayvoiiq avroiq rac, fiifSXovc. Ev>ptniSn,c. TpaytpSortoibc, eyvcopi(ero. npuiraydpac, 6 oofiort]c rjtcpa(s. TOVTOV Adnvaioi rac, SifiXovq. ifrjXacptjoav rov Kaiioai. Sync. (297,18 - 298,3 Moss.) MeXioooq ipvoimq yvo)pi(ero. <J>eidiac. nXdartjq Kai dyaXpcrroTtoidc eyvcopi(ero, oc rfjv iXeipavrivnv Adnvav tnoinoe. EahrtToc. pa8qpcrriKOC. ijvSei. v 'IraXia Kapnavuiv edvoq ovviorn. Ar|poKpiToc A(56qpixr|q (pvaimq fiXdoofoq >}Kpafev. ...'InrcoKpctTnc, KQoq i^xpuiv apiaroq eyvwpifyro AoKXnmaSnqrd yevoq. 6 - 8 F81a,9-13; Eus., Hitr ( n 5 H e l m ) Pericles moritur. Eupolis et Aristofanes scriptores comoediarum agnoscuntur.
c d c a n

H i

F 8 2 The Kings of the Macedonians'

The kings and chronology of the Macedonians B u t w e s h o u l d n o t fail t o m e n t i o n t h e k i n g d o m o f the M a c e d o n i a n s . F o r seeing t h a t t h e R o m a n s d i d n o t b e c o m e p o w e r f u l f o r a l o n g t i m e y e t , w e have l e a r n e d t h a t t h i s k i n g d o m was established at t h e t i m e o f k i n g U z z i a h , i n h i s 3 3 And their k i n g d o m
1 1 1 0 r d 9

year. 153
r d

lasted

647 years, a n d

came to a n

end

i n the
12

Olympiad.

N o w U z z i a h was k i n g i n Jerusalem a n d Judah for 52 y e a r s .

3-9

cf. E u s . , c a n . " 115 ; Eus., praep. ev. 10,14,15; Io. Mai. 6,27s; Sync. 304,18-23; A n o n . Matr.

1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8

For discussion, see Gelzer 1,177f. Gr. (Frick):'HpdKAeiToc.. Gr. (Frick): Evipimo'nc. 6 rpayu)6onoi6q. Gr. (Frick): 'IooKpdrqq d pfjraip. Gr. (Frick): Oeidiaq d dyaXparonotdc,. Gr. (Frick): eairqroc d reYyiKdc,. Gr. (Frick): Aptorotpdvqc, d KtopcpSdc, Africanus must be the source of this list for two reasons: a) The chronological data (see below n. 12) is consistent with Africanus' system, b) The synchronization with Hebrew kings is typical of his historical method. For further discussion, see also Frick 1880,10; Gelzer 1,155-160; Trieber 1892,334f; Schwartz 1895, 75-92. Although obscure, the statement may mean that in the succession of world empires, the Romans achieved supremacy only after the end of Macedonian rule. Gr. (Frick): cturfjv, in reference to paoiXeia (1. 2). Gr. (Frick): EV rfj EKarocnfl 7TEVTn,KOOTf) tpirri 'OXupmddt. I f Uzziah was king of Judah for 52 years and his successor Jotham ruled for 16 years (cf. I V Regn 15,2.33), a total of 35 years would have elapsed from 33 Uzziah (= 1 Cranaus) to 1 Ahaz (= A M 4727 = 01. 1,1; cf. F64). From 01. 1,1, the Macedonian kingdom would thus have lasted 612 years (647-35). Translated into Olympiad dating, the last year of the Macedonian kingdom would be OI. 154,1 (not 01. 153 as given here and below, 11. 54f). Converted into uni versal years, the entire 647-year duration of the Macedonian kingdom would have extended from A M 4692 (= 33 Uzziah) to A M 5339 (= OI. 154,1). O n this problem, see Gelzer 1,158.

36,15 - 37,7; M i c h . Syr. 5,1; Iul. Pol. 147,2-8

F82

E x c e r p t a B a r b a r i (306,23 - 310,24 F r i c k )

Macedoniorum reges et tempora M a c e d o n i o r u m a u t e m r e g n u m n o n s i l e n d u m est. et e n i m Romeis o b t i n e n t i b u s f o r t i t u d i n e m n o n d u m l o n g i n q u o tempore sub O z i a regem I u d e o r u m a n n o t r i c e n s i m o t e r t i o n o u i m u s earn sustentare. et r e g n a u i t p e r annos D C X L V I I , cessa5 u i t a u t e m a n n o s u n u s q u i s q u e i n q u i n q u a g e s i m a t e r t i a O l y m p i a d a . r e g n a u i t au t e m Ozias i n H i e r u s a l e m et i n I u d a annos L I I . 9 10 11 12

4 c f . I o . Mai. 7,19

246

Iulius Africanus

F82 The Kings of the Macedonians


r d

247

Sub t r i c e n s i m o t e r t i o a u t e m a n n o Oziae M a c e d o n o r u m r e g n u m o r d i n a t u m est, C r a n a u s p r i m u s i n M a c e d o n i a r e g n a n s , sicut n u m e r u s m a n i f e s t a t , sic. I . C r a n a u s ann. X X V I I I . to I I . C y n u s ann. X I I . - I I I . ' T y r i m m u s ann. XXXVIII. I I I I . Perdicus a n n . L I . V. A r g e u s ann. X X X V I I I . V I . Filippus ann. X X V I . 15 V I I . Aeropus ann. XXXVIII. V I I I . Alcetus ann. X X V I I I I . V i l l i . A m y n t u s ann. L. X. A l e x a n d e r ann. X L I I I . X L Perdicus ann. X X V I I I . 20 X I I . Arcelaus ann. X X I I I I . X I I I . Orestus a n n . I I I . X I I I I . Arceclaus alius a n n . u n u m et d i m i d i u m . X V . A m y n t u s ann. I I I . X V I . Pausanius a n n . I et d i m i d i u m . 25 < X X I I I . A m y n t u s alius a n n . V L > X V I I . Argeus a n n . I I I .

D u r i n g the 3 3 demonstrates:

year o f U z z i a h , the k i n g d o m o f the Macedonians was e s t a b l i

shed. Cranaus was the f i r s t t o be k i n g i n M a c e d o n i a , as the f o l l o w i n g sequence

1. Cranaus, 28 years. 2. Coenus, 12 years. 3. T y r i m m a s , 38 years. 4. Perdiccas, 6. P h i l i p ,


14 13

5 1 years.

5. Argaeus, 38 years. 26 years.


15

7. A e r o p a s ,

38 years. 50 years.
17

8. Alcetas, 29 years. 9. A m y n t a s ,
1 6

10. A l e x a n d e r , 43 years. 11. P e r d i c c a s , 28 years. 12. A r c h e l a u s , 2 4 years. 13. Orestes, 3 years. 14. A n o t h e r A r c h e l a u s , 15. A m y n t a s ,
1 9 1 8

1 Vi years.

3 years.
2 0

16. Pausanias, 1 V2 years. <23. A n o t h e r A m y n t a s , 17. Argaeus, 3 years.


Hto

6 years.>

9 - 2 6 Eus., reg. ser. "- (150s Karst) = Eus., reg. s e r . 1. Karanos Jahre 28 (= Hier., Chron. Synt.) 2. Koindos Jahre 12 (= Hier., Chron. Synt.) 3. Tirimmas Jahre 38 (= Hier., Chron. Synt.) 4. Perdikas Jahre 51 (= Hier., Chron. Synt.) 5. Argeos Jahre 38 (= Hier., Chron. Synt.) 6. Philipos Jahre 38 (= Hier., 39 Chron. Synt.) 7. Aeropos Jahre 26 (= Hier., 25 Chron. Synt.) 8. Alketas Jahre 29 (= Hier., 22 Chron. Synt.) 9. Amintas Jahre 50 (= Hier., Chron. Synt.) 10. Alexandras Jahre 43 (= Hier., Chron. Synt.) 11. Perdikas Jahre 28 (= Hier., Chron. Synt.) 12. Archelaos Jahre 23 (24 Hier. = C h r o n . Synt.) 13. Orestes Jahre 3 (= Hier., Chron. Synt.) 14. Archelaos Jahre 6 (4 Hier. = Chron. Synt.) 15. Amintas Jahre 1 (= Hier., Chron. Synt.) 16. Pausanias Jahre 1 (= Hier., Chron. Synt.) 17. Amintas Jahre 6 (= Hier., Chron. Synt.) 18. Argeos Jahre 2 (1 Hier., - Chron. Synt.) 9-52

(27 Schoene), cf. Chron. Synt (90 Schoene)

Im dritten Jahre der Regierung Alexanders des Korintherkdnigs regiert iiber die Makedonier als erster:

13 14 15 16 17 18 19 26 III] 17 Frick 20

Perdiccas I. Philip I. Aeropas I. Amyntas I. Perdiccas II. Archelaus I I . Amyntas II. Amyntas III.

cf. E u s . , chron. 107,17 - 109,7 (= Diod. Sic. 7,15,1s); 109,8 - 114,17 (= Porphyrius FGrHist

260 F 3 ) ; Exc. E u s . 133,11-28; Sync. 234,1-18; 252,14-20; 285,25 - 286,4; 296,1-13; 304,25-28; 313,9 - 324,28; 325,17 - 327,6; 340,20 - 341,10 25 transposuimus e 1. 32 (cf. Eus., reg. ser. supra in app.)

248

Iulius Africanus X V I I I . A m y n t u s alius a n n . X V I I I . X V I I I I . A l e x a n d e r alius ann. I I . XX. P t o l e m e u s ann. I I I .

F82 The Kings of the Macedonians 18. A n o t h e r A m y n t a s , 18 years. 19. A n o t h e r A l e x a n d e r , 2 years. 20. Ptolemy, 3 years. 2 1 . A n o t h e r Perdiccas, 22. P h i l i p p u s ,
22 21

249

30

X X I . P e r d i c u s alius a n n . V I . . X X I I . F i l i p p u s ann. X X V I . { X X I I I . A m y n t u s alius a n n . V I . } X X I I I I . A l e x a n d e r alius ann. X I I I . A l e x a n d e r o m n i a r e g n a tenens M a c e d o n o r u m r e g n o c o n i u n x i t .

6 years.

26 years.

2 4 . A n o t h e r A l e x a n d e r , 1 3 years. A l e x a n d e r , i n c o n t r o l o f a l l t h e k i n g d o m s , j o i n e d t h e m t o the M a c e d o n i a n k i n g dom. A f t e r A l e x a n d e r , the Founder, affairs o f state fell t o his g o v e r n o r s . A l e x a n d e r s b r o t h e r P h i l i p succeeded t o the r u l e o f the M a c e d o n i a n s , a n d t h e s u c c e s s i o n o f rulers is as f o l l o w s :

2 3

35

Post A l e x a n d r u m a u t e m c o n d i t o r e m i n p r i n c i p e s eius rebus u e n e r u n t . Et M a c e d o n o r u m dum ordinem. XXV. F i l i p p u s frater a n n . V I I . p r i n c i p a t o successit F i l i p p u s frater A l e x a n d r i , et sic secun

X X V I . Casandrus ann. X V I I I I . 40 X X V I I . Pedes C a s a n d r u s ann. I I I I . X X V I I I . D i m i t r i u s a n n . V. X X V I I I I . P y r r u s mens. X I . XXX. L y s i m a c h u s a n n . V.

25. P h i l i p ,

2 4

his b r o t h e r , 7 years.

2 6 . Casander, 19 years. 27. T h e sons o f C a s a n d e r , 28. D e m e t r i u s ,


2 6 25

4 years.

5 years.

29. P y r r h u s , 11 m o n t h s . 30. Lysimachus, 5 years.

2 7 - 3 3 Eus, reg. sen""- (151 Karst) Eus, reg. ser."(27 Schoene),cf. Chron. Synt. (90 Schoene) 19. Amintas Jahre 18 (= Hier., Chron. Synt.) 20. Alexandras Jahre 1 (4 Hier, Chron. Synt.) 21. Ptlomeos d e r Alorite Jahre 3 (= Hier, Chron. Synt.) 22. Perdikas Jahre 6 (= H i e r , Chron. Synt.) 23. Philipos Jahre 25 (26 Hier, 27 Chron. Synt.) 24. Alexandras des Philipos Jahre 12 Monate 6 (12 Hier. = Chron. Synt.) 34 - * F65.208; F 7 3 . 2 2 - 2 4 ; T6,16 35 - F65.213 35-52 Io. M a i . 8,5 (148,71-82 Thurn) Mem ovv rt)v reXevrfjv AXe^dvSpov rov MaKeSovoq ipepioBrjoav eic riooapaq ronapxiaq, fjrot BaoiXeiaq, ai x&pca aq vnira^ev 6 airdq AXifcvSpoq ctpa rolq ovppaxoiq avrovKai iBaoiXevoav avrwv oi MaKeSoveq oi ovvaomorai rov avrov AXe^dv8pov nadibq Sterafcro ovrioq. rfjq MaxeSoviaq Kai rfjq Evpamnq naonq Kpareiv Kai BamXeveiv <t>iXutnov T6V dSeXqjov conou TOV IStov rov pei(.ova. Kai iBaoiXevoev 6 <t>i\iTmo<;, Kai peril 1>iXinnov iBaoiXevoe KdooavSpog Kai peril Kaoaav&pov iBaoiXevoav oi itaiSec, TOU CUITOU KaoodvSpou, Kai per' avrovq iBaoiXevoe Ar\ ur^rpioc., Kai perd Anpfjrpiov iBaoiXevoev 6 'Hneipwrnq ntippoc,, Kai perd Uvppov rov Hneipibrrjv iBaoiXevoe MeAeaypoc, Kai aXXoi BaoiXeiq St; iBaoiXevoav lac, rrjq BaoiXeiaq nepaeuic TOU Uneipibrov. Kai iKpdrnoev rj BaaiXeia ahrGsv perd rrjv reXevrfjv AXe^dvSpov irn pvC3 8 - 4 3 Eus, reg. ser.""*" (151 Karst) Eus, reg. ser." (27Schoene), cf. Chron. Synt. (90 Schoene) 25. 26. 27. 28. 29. 30. Philipos, B r i i d e r Alexanders Jahre 7 (= Hier, Chron. Synt.) Kassandros l a h r e 19 (= Hier, Chron. Synt.) Sdhne Kassanders Jahre 4 (= Hier, Chron. Synt.) Demetrios Jahre 6 (= Hier, Chron. Synt.) Phireus M o n a t e 7 (- H i e r , Chron. Synt.) Lysimachos Jahre 5 (= Hier, 6 Chron. Synt.)

31 X X I I Frick XII cod. 33 XIII] XII Frick

21 22 23 24 25 26

Perdiccas III. Philip I I . Alexander III. Philip III. Gr. (Frick): rcaidec Kaodvdpou. Demetrius I .

250

Iulius Africanus

F82 The Kings of the Macedonians

251

X X X I . Ptolomeus Ceraunus ann. I I . 45 X X X I I . Meleagrus mens. V I I . X X X I I I . Antipatrus mens. I I . X X X I I I I . Sosthenus a n n . I I . _ X X X V . Antigonus Gonata ann. XXXV. X X X V I . Dimitrius ann. X . 50 X X X V I I . A n t i g o n u s alius ann. XV. X X X V I I I . Filippus alius ann. XLV. X X X V I I I I . Perseus a n n . X . Haec M a c e d o n o r u m regna regnantes ab a n n o O z i a e regis I u d a e t r i c e n s i m o

3 1 . P t o l e m y C e r a u n u s , 2 years. 32. M e l e a g e r , 7 m o n t h s . 33. A n t i p a t e r , 2 m o n t h s . 34. Sosthenes, 2 years. 35. A n t i g o n u s


2 7

Gonatas, 35 years. 10 years.


2 9

36. D e m e t r i u s ,

2 8

37. A n o t h e r A n t i g o n u s , 1 5 years. 38. A n o t h e r P h i l i p , 45 years. 39. Perseus, 10 years.


r d 3 0

These reigns o f t h e M a c e d o n i a n s , w h i c h b e g a n i n t h e 3 3

year o f U z z i a h , k i n g
rd

t e r t i o o b t i n u e r u n t p e r a n n o s D C X L V I I et cessauerunt i n O l y m p i a d a centesima 55 LIII. 4 4 - 5 5 Eus., reg. s e n (151 Karst) = Eus., reg. sen" (27 Schoene), cf. Chron. Synt. (90s Schoene) 31. Ptlomeos Keraunos Jahre I (= Hier., Chron. Synt.) 32. Mel<e>agros Monate 2 (- Hier., C h r o n . Synt.) 33. Antipatros Tage 45 (- Hier., C h r o n . Synt.) 34. Sosthenes Jahre 2 (= Hier., C h r o n . Synt.) 35. Antigonos Gonatos Jahre 36 (= Hier. 15 Chron. Synt.) 36. Demetrios Jahre 10 (= Hier., C h r o n . Synt.) 37. Antigonos Jahre 15 (= Hier., C h r o n . Synt.) 38. Philipos J a h r e 42 (= Hier., C h r o n . Synt.) 39. Perseus Jahre 10 (= Hier., C h r o n . Synt.)
1

o f Judah, l a s t e d f o r 6 4 7 years and came to an e n d i n the 1 5 3

Olympiad.

T83

From Adam

to Seleucus

31

S t a r t i n g w i t h t h e f i r s t year o f his [sc. Seleucus' I ] r e i g n , i n w h i c h he f o u n d e d A n t i o c h , t h e r e c k o n i n g o f the years o f t h e G r e e k s begins, o f w h i c h w e also m a k e use. F r o m A d a m t o Seleucus, Eusebius c o u n t s 4 8 8 9 years; years; A n n i a n u s 5 1 8 1 years; Africanus 5083 y e a r s ;
33 32

A n d r o n i c u s 5072

George 5085 years; s o m e

a m o n g the G r e e k s 5 1 9 7 years; Jacob [ o f Edessa] 5149 years. T h e Syrians are a c c u s t o m e d t o a c c e p t 5 1 8 0 years.

Jahre 647, Monate

3, Tage 45. Anhebend

im Jahre 1204 haben sie aufgehort in der 150. Olympiade.

51 X L V ] XLII

Frick

27 28 29 T83 M i c h a e l Syrus 5,4 ( 4 , 7 4 a , 2 1 - 75b,3 C h a b o t ) i - f ^ T ~73 V y A ^ J r C ^ r<U_3 rr'cKi^rO.-lO rC'oMX. ^ 7 9 31 C p Q - l r V m . - i S y r ^ - ^ n CTJ Cp CO r-CjJ r<" '. rcniar<' j p n s \ r < ^ . n CD Cp CUUU CI S .TJ r< ./ilT, \t*V"t 32 5 30

Antigonus I I . Demetrius I I . Antigonus I I I . Philip V. Frick emends his years from 45 to 42 (following Eusebius), in order to arrive at the correct sum, as given below. Along with his other emendations (11. 26 and 33), the sum of the individual reigns would come to 646years and 8 months (489 years + 157 years, 8 months). Africanus probably had some information on the Seleucid era. Almost nothing else of his treatment of Seleucid chronology survives, see F84, n. 2. The calculation of Michael is based on the following dates in Eusebius: 2242 years from Adam to the Flood, 942 from the Flood to the birth of Abraham (Hier., can. 15,2-5); 1705 years from the birth of Abraham to 1 Seleucus (Hier., can. 126,21). Therefore, from Adam to 1 Seleucus in Eusebius there are 2242 + 942 + 1705 = 4889 years. This calculation confirms that Michael's information is accurate.

r< i \ T .1 r<'\*p

cn r ^ i J C U ^ 3 3 ^ I T W craven -. i n r o Q \ - A V i

O r O ^ -. -V>C" r d u i C L C Q . \ ~ r i n c n

33 3s Barhebr. (40 Wallis Budge) F r o m A d a m to Seleucus, according to Africanus, is 5083 years. 1 cf. Eus., chron. ( c a n . " 126 = C h r o n . Pasch. 323,17); Sync. 330,1-8
M h

In the case of Africanus the number is corrupt. Because of the lack of clear information in the preserved fragments, it is difficult to suggest a correct number; it must have been at least 100 years more than the figure in the text (according to F65,213f Alexander's death occurred in Ol. 114, i.e. in A M 5179-82).

252

Iulius Africanus

F84 The Jews under Greek Domination

253

F84

G e o r g i u s Syncellus ( 3 3 4 , 1 - 1 5 M o s s h a m m e r )

F 8 4 The Jews under Greek Domination


<The 1 4 high priest of the Jews was Simon's son Onias, for 7 years.> A M 5308. U7Io6uVTEC, According to Africanus, b e g i n n i n g f r o m
1 th

clouSaitov i ' dpxiepdrEucEv Oveiac, uioc Zipcuvoc, Srq ('.> TOU Si Koopou f|v (hoc, ,rq'. Kara 'Iou6aioi.
ETEAOUV

Acpptxavov

dno

TCOV

A\.qav6pOU
TOTE
TOU UEV

TOU K T L O T O U

X P

the time o f Alexander, t h e Founder,

the the

Tfj M a K e 8 6 v u ) v dpxfj UTTOCpopOl, ECOC, OvEtOU

nToAEpatoic,, TTOTE 6 E TOLC, A V T I O V O I C , dpXIEpECOC, dVTi (3aOl\uJV U T O TUJV d p x i E p E TOU

Jews, h a v i n g s u b m i t t e d t o M a c e d o n i a n rule, at one t i m e p a i d taxes t o

P t o l e m i e s a n d t h e n t o the A n t i o c h i d s ; u p t o the h i g h p r i e s t O n e i a s , t h e y w e r e p e a c e f u l l y g u i d e d for the m o s t p a r t b y h i g h priests instead o f k i n g s . But at the time of the 1 4 high priest, the aforementioned Onias, a certain Simon, captain of the Temple in Jerusa lem, fled to Apollonius, the governor of Phoenicia, claiming the high priesthood for himself and promising to hand over the Temple treasury. Upon learning of this through Apollonius, Seleucus sent Heliodorus, who was in charge of administrative affairs; but after having been disciplined by the scourges of God, he returned empty-handed. And Onias, the high priest, arranged to have Simon banished. During this time, Seleucus, also known as Philopator, died after a reign of 12 years. His successor was Antiochus Epiphanes. H e was brother of this Seleucus, and son of Antiochus the
th

O V 8l7T.6pVOl T d TtoXAd pT' eipr)Vr|C;. im Si J

I5' O V E I O U roOSe Zipiov TIC, rcpoorTdrqc,

row ev lepoaoXupoic vaou rcpoa<puyi ArcoXXtovicp C T p a T q y u ) OoiviKnc,, rf)V d p x i E p c u a u v q v sauriS jiepijtoioupevoc, Kai r d
TOO TOU i E p o u

xpqpara rcpoSiSEiv umaxvoupEvoc;- a r i v a pa9cbv 6 ZEXEUKOC, Sid


ETTA

ArtoXXojviou TtEpTtEi 'HXidScopov T6V

rtov 7TpaypdTu>v, 5c SEiaic. pdoniJL 7taiSu9eic KEV6C.

iTa-vfjX9v- 'OvEiac, Si 6 dpxipuc. SiaitpdrtETai (puya6Eu9q'vai rov Zipiova. Kai EV TOUTOIC. 9vqoKei 10 IEXEUKOC; 6 K a i OiXoTcdTtop BaoiXsuoaq irr] iB', p9' ov A V T I O X O C dTircicpavfn; dSEXcpdc TOU a u r o u ZEXEUKOU, uioc. Si Avrioxou TOU pEydXou, 6c Kai q v o p q p E u o j v Ev'Pdipq. POOIXEUEI 6E Zupiac, E T q ia'.

2-4-*F72 1 cf. C h r o n . Pasch. 357,16s; 390,20s; Chron. Synt. 95,28 can. [AB]
Hier

Great, and was serving as a hostage in Rome. He reigned over Syria for 11 years. 5-9 cf. II Mac 3,4-7.22-28; 4,4-6; Eus.,

137 ( h i n c C h r o n . Pasch. 336,2)

9 - 1 1 cf. I Mac 1,10; I I Mac 4,7 4 et infra 6VELOU et OVEIOC, B ovidu et

1 s u p p l . Moss.

2 K a r a dcppiKavov in textu B marg. A

6v(acA 4s rou...'Oviou < B 6 dpxiEpcoouvqv A dpxiepocruvqv B

F 8 5 Jonathan, Simon's son, the High Priest


F85 Eusebius, C h r o n i c a (Excerpta Eusebiana [ c o d . Paris, gr. 2600, f. 2 1 3
r

= After S i m o n , Jonathan, also k n o w n as H y r c a n u s , r u l e d the H e b r e w s f o r 26

159,10s C r a m e r = 1 3 0 , 1 1 - 1 3 Schoene] = a r m e n i a c e mus [145,25s H e l m ] )

[61,11s K a r s t ] = H i e r o n y -

years, according to Africanus and Josephus.

M e r d 6 E Z i u c o v a 'IouSaicov l i y E i r a t , Ka9uc AcppiKav6c Kai 'iuoqrmoc, i a r o p E i , l a ) v d 0 r ] c 6 Kai

TpKavoc,

ETTJ K C , ' .

T85a Is cf. Ios., ant. Iud. 12,249-299 (31 anni); Eus., c a n . " 204 (19 anni); Eus., dem. ev. 8,2,73 (29 anni) 1 Ka6d>c Seal. Ka9to P |'Icovd9qc, armen. 1u>avd9qc P
mt

Simon's son John was truly extraordinary, leading the Jewish nation in the office of priest. Through wars and riches (having removed 30,000 talents from the tombs of his forefathers David and Solo mon), he gained honor for his many other achievements, but especially for his trophies of war

T 8 5 a G e o r g i u s S y n c e l l u s (348,29 - 349,4 M o s s h a m m e r )

against the neighboring peoples and Samaria. A casualty of the internecine turmoil caused by the two Antiochid kings, Grypus and Cyzicenus, he died after holding the high-priesthood for 30 years.

Itodvvqc u i 6 c Zipwvoc, acpoSpa SiarcpEraov, n y q a d p E v o c , r o u 29vouc; 'Ioufiaitov EV tEptoouvq, Kai A c c o r d i n g t o A f r i c a n u s , i t was 27 years. 7toXepoi(; K a i rtXouTtu, Tpiapupicov raXavruiv EK r t i v rtarpqicuv Aa|3i6 Kai ZoXopcbvoc rdeptov dveXop E v o c , dXXoic T E rcoXXoIc, KaropGiipaoi K a i Tportafoiq K a r a TCTJV rcXqoioxci>p<ov Kai Z a p a p E i a c . EufioKipqoac;, ev r i p 9opuBcu Tdiv S' paoiXEcov Avrtoxcuv np6c; dXXrjXouc. TOU TpuTtou Kai TOU K U ( I 5
K q v o u d v a i p e Q E i c , T E X E U T O d p x i E p a r E u o a q r q X ' , K a r a 6fi

AcppiKavov

K('.

1 5 cf. Chron. P a s c h . 346,9; 358,1; 391,7 (27 anni) [AB] 2 rdcpojv B rdipov A 2 3

T h e material from Africanus may extend beyond the single sentence designated in large print. According to Gelzer 1,275,11. 9-11 are the only surviving parts of Africanus' list of the Seleucid kings. Gelzer 1,256 attributes the whole text to Africanus.

254

Iulius Africanus

F86 The Ptolemies

255

F86

I o a n n e s Malalas 8,6-8 (148,83 - 149,14 T h u r n )

F 8 6 The

Ptolemies

Tf\q St Afyurcrou Ttdcfnc. K a i Tfjc AiSunc. fjv diaraJidpEvoc d aurdc, AXet;av6poc, K p a T E i v K a i paaiXEuerv

This Alexander appointed Ptolemy son of Lagus, the astronomer, to take possession of all of Egypt and Libya and reign over it. H e was k i n g o f the E g y p t i a n s in the dominion of the Macedoni

nToXejiaiov

TOV

Adyou

TOV d o r p o v d p o v -

dc.

eBaaiX-Euaev AiyuTTTicov

ev TO> TU>V M O -

K s d d v c o v K p d r e i 8Tr]

u6'.

ans f o r 42 years.
OUTOU.

Aeurepoc;
5

SE

BaaiXEUc, IlTOAEuaioc; 6 uioc;

T h e second k i n g was h i s s o n Ptolemy.

"Erri 6 E rfjt; a r k o u paoiXeiac, TOO auroo ITToXepaiou TOO uioO Adyou f|ppr|vu0r|aav ai (3i|3Xoi Tdiv 'Iovjdaiu)v'EXXr|VioTi n a p d T i i v o(3' SidaoKdXurv did ijppu>v of/', fjoav y d p y E y p a p pevai'EPpaiari- oia TOU aiiTou riToXepalou PouXr|9VToc, dvavvcuvai 6 i ' 'E\Xr|viKf|C, <ppdccoc, rf|v Suvapiv Tii)v'Iou6a'iKd>v 6iSXtuv. M e r d Si T T | V (SaoiXeiav a i i T o u e|3aoiXEUoe Tpiroc,

During the reign of this Ptolemy son of Lagus, the Scriptures of the Jews were translated into Greek by the 72 teachers over the course of 72 days. For they had been composed i n Hebrew and this Ptolemy wanted to read the meaning of the Jewish Scriptures expressed i n Greek.

IlToXEUalOC, 6 C>lXd5X(pOC, ETT) X('.

After his reign, the third to be king was P t o l e m y P h i l a d e l p h u s , for 37 years. And after him, the fourth to be king was P t o l e m y Euergetes, for 25 years. And after him, the fifth to be king was P t o l e m y P h i l o p a t o r , for 17 years. And after him, the sixth to be king was P t o l e m y E p i p h a n e s , for 25 years.
3

10

K a i p e r ' a u r d v ePaoiXeuae T s r a p T O c .
Kai peT' aurdv
E

riToXEUaiOC, 6 EuEpyETqC, Tr| Kfi',


K',

|3aaiXeucE e' IlToXEuaToc, 6 <t>iXoTtdTu)p'XT\l C , IlToXEpaiOC, 6'ETClC|)avf]C; Tr|


ETT)

K a i pex' a u r d v (Jao-LXEu<jv c/ K a i U E T ' a u r d v EpaaftEUOE

C IlToXEpaiOC, 6 <t>iXouf|TO)p
ipaaiXEuaEV

la',
K 0 ' . 6c, SOXEV 9uyaT-

And after him, the seventh to be king was P t o l e m y P h i l o m e t o r , for 11 years. And five other Ptolemaic kings reigned for 92 y e a r s .
5

K a i E r e p o i riToXEpaioi POOIXETC. TCEVTE (3aoiXEuoav ETT] o(3', 15


A C O S E K O T O I ; St

IlToXEUaloc,

OVOpaTl AlOVUOOC, Tr|

The twelfth to be king was P t o l e m y n a m e d D i o n y s u s , f o r 2 9 years. He had a daughter named Cleopatra and a son named Ptolemy. And then the thirteenth to be put to the test was D i o n y s u s .
6

p a 6v6p.ari KXEOTtdrpav K a i uidv dvdpari FlToXEpaiov. K a i XotTtdv T p i O K a i d E K a r o q TtEipdCETai

AlOVUOOC,. KXEOTldTpa
T]

' E V E V E T O St P a a a i a a a KXEortdrpa- epaofXEuoE 8E f) amr\

GuydTrip TOU au-

Cleopatra became queen. T h i s C l e o p a t r a , the d a u g h t e r o f D i o n y s u s , was q u e e n f o r

T O U A i o v u o o u itxr] K(3'.

22 years.

Portions of Malalas' account of the Ptolemaic dynasty are unique to the Africanus tradition, including his 300-year chronology of the Ptolemies (see 1. 22). While the rules of individual kings are also dependent o n Africanus (see n. 4), Malalas' enumeration is confused and contradictory in places (see nn. 2 and 5-7). For reconstruction of Africanus' chronology of the

1 - 3 ^ - F 6 5 , 2 1 3 s ; F84,2s 1 -22 120,3 -

13->T86a,3 2

Ptolemaic dynasty, see Gelzer 1,272-274. Contra Frick 1880,13f, the list of Ptolemaic kings found in the Exc. Barb, draws upon Eusebius, not Africanus, see Gelzer 1,274, n. 2. That is, Ptolemy I I Philadelphus. But cf. 1 9, where Malalas also identifies Ptolemy I I I as . Philadelphus. Because of confusion in Malalas' enumeration o f the Ptolemies, the numbering of the reigns beginning with Ptolemy HI is given in small print. 3 4 The 25 years of the reign of Ptolemy Epiphanes, lacking in the Greek text, have been supplied from the Slavonic version of Malalas. For Africanus' attribution of 11 years to the reign of Ptolemy Philometor see T86a,3. With the addition of these five unnamed kings, the succeeding king should be number 13, not 12. 6 The sense of this sentence (TtEipd^Etai) is unclear. It is missing i n codex Baroccianus (O).

cf. Hipp., chron. 742-756; Eus., chron. 75,19 - 80,6 (= Porphyrius F G r H i s t 260 F2); Exc. Eus. 125,29; Eus., reg. ser." " 152s; E u s . , reg. s e r .
me Hier

29; Exc. Barb. 276-280; Sync. 321,23-31;

327,7 - 329,10; 341,11 - 342,33; 349,10 - 350,6; Sym. Log. (Leo Gr. 49,21 - 52,17; 54,20 - 55,13 = T h . Mel. 42,9 - 45,30); Iul. Pol. 148,9 - 156,27; Chron. Synt. 100; Cedr. 284,14; 289,17-23; 290,12 292,7; 2 9 1 , 1 - 3 [OS1] 3 p(3'0 p'Gelzer OS1 (cf. Cedr. 284,22) 12 ETT| KE' T h u r n e x S l < O 17s 14oP'Opo'Sl 15 Aidvuooc, D i . Aiovuoioc. 5

rpioKaidEKaroc.... EyEVETo SE SI (cf. Cedr. 292,2s) TpioKaideKdrri 19 Aiovuaou D i . Aiovuoiou OS11 KP' O K6' SI

PaoiXiCToa T i i v nroXepaiiov O

256

Iulius Africanus

F86 The Ptolemies

257 the

20 ' E B a a i X e u a a v ar|c

drco
T'

TOO

fern

ECOC;

ouv oi iy' IlToAEpaloi oi MaK.e66vec Tfjc AiyuTCTiaKfjc; x^pac, dTtdiiroAEpaiou T O U Adyou iwc, KAeoTtdTpac Tfjc; Aiovuaou OuyaTpdc; T O U I E ' E T O U C , Tfjc; BaotAsiac; AuyouaTou Kaiaapoc; TOU K a i ' O K T a p i a v o O

T h u s , t h e 13 M a c e d o n i a n P t o l e m i e s r e i g n e d o v e r a l l the l a n d o f E g y p t f r o m

t i m e o f P t o l e m y s o n o f Lagus u p t o C l e o p a t r a , daughter o f D i o n y s u s , f o r 3 0 0 years, u n t i l t h e 1 5


t h

year o f t h e r e i g n o f A u g u s t u s Caesar, also known as Octavian

SePacrroO iprcepdropoc, TOU vtKfjaavToc. T6V Avrciviov Kai Tf|v a u r f i v KXeondTpav EV Tfj Uneipco Xcopa vaupaxia eic, r6v A E U K d r n v rdrtov K a i cpovEuaavTOc, a u T O u c K a i unord^avToc, rf|v AIVUTITOV 25 T t d a a v , Ka8ibq EUOEPIOC d IlapcpiAou Kai llauoaviaq oi xpovoypdcpoi ouv,pd\|ravro.

Augustus Imperator. In a naval battle at Epirus in the place known as Leucates, he defeated Antony and this Cleopatra, slew them and subjugated all of Egypt, just as the chronographers Eusebius [disciple] of Pamphilus and Pausanias have recorded.
8

20

F 4 6 . 2 4 5 (15 reges); Cedr. (284,19-22 Bekker) Aiaipovvrai

Se rfjv BaoiXeiav oi peyioraveq av

rov, Kai BaoiXevovoi TlroXepaioq pev 6 Aayov Aiyvmov Kai Kade^fjq TlroXepaiot iy' ewq KXeondrpaq BvyarpoqAiovvoiov. (' erovq AXe^dvSpov AXe&vSpov Avyovorov 22 - > T6,16; F89,53-57 (ann. 14 Augusti); F93,52s; Sync. (314,16 Moss.) And ecvq Kp' KXeondrpaq ern T'. Sync. (375,4-6 Moss.) Aiayeydvaoi Se and rfjq oe', in\ Se ovveyyvq r'.

rov <S>(Xinnov reXevrf\q, fjriq yeyove Kara rd po(' eroq rfjq rdiv vndriov dpjrfjq, peXP'
Kai Avrwviov

BaoiXeiaq'OXvpmdSeq
mc

23-25 >

F89.39-52

25 Eus., can." 163 ; 163,17-19; Eus.,can." " 210 20 iy' O K' SI s e d legendum I E ' (cf. F46.245) 23'H7ieipo> SI eni O 25 Ka6tbc, + cocpuVraToc, SI

T 8 6 a G e o r g i u s Syncellus (349,10-18 M o s s h a m m e r )

T86a

AiyuTtrou Kai A\ecav6peiac; PaoiXElcAiydiiTou K a l AAeljavSpeiac q' epaafAeuae riToXepaloc, d CnXoprJTiop rr| \e'. TOU Se K d o p o u fjv eroc, ,ETL6'. AcppiKavdc; ETn i a ' p d v a Xeysi T O U OiXopfJTopoc,. FlroXepaioc. d OiXoprjTcop Ttpurrov AXe;dvSpu) Tf|v Suyarepa KXeoTtdrpav douc. npdc; ydpov, crceiTa did rryv Appcoviou TOU 5 a T p a T r i y o u a u T o u 7tipouXr)v ouppaxei AnpnTpiip KOT' aurou. K a l d pev Kara rr\v pdxr|v EKTOOOIV TOU irrnou TiTpcoOKETai, AXe;dv6pou SE rf|v KE9aXrjv E K K o r t E i a a v vfuxoppaytov SEXETOI.

Kings of Egypt and Alexandria The sixth to be king of Egypt and Alexandria was Ptolemy Philometor, for 35 years. This was AM 5314. A f r i c a n u s states that the years o f P h i l o m e t o r were o n l y 1 1 . Ptolemy Philo metor initially gave his daughter Cleopatra to Alexander i n marriage; but because of the plot of A m monius his general, he then allied with Demetrius against him. He fell from his horse i n battle and was wounded; but as he was breathing his last, he received the decapitated head of Alexander.

3-*F86,13 2 cf. Eus., c h r o n . 76,2 (= Porphyrius FGrHist 260 F2) 3 cf. Eus., chron. 75,18 (= Porphyrias

FGrHist 260 F 2 )

3 - 6 1 Mac 10,58; 11,9-18; Ios., ant. Iud. 13,82.106-108.116-118


m

[AB] 1 titulus marg. A | aiyurrrou A

aiyurrriuiv B 2s fjv ETOC, < A 3 XryEi TOU B ~ A 4 dXEcavSpip

B dXE^avdpov A | dppaiviou A dptoviou B

With the inclusion of "Ptolemy III Philadelphus" and "Ptolemy XII Dionysius", Malalas' actual list names 15, not 13, rulers from Ptolemy I to Cleopatra. Africanus' own chronology of the 300 years of Macedonian rule in Egypt also enumerated 15 rulers, but unlike Malalas included the six-year reign of Alexander, see F46.245, F89,53-55 and F93.53.

The story i n this form is found neither in Eusebius nor in Africanus (their versions of the story are completely different, cf. Eus, c a n . " 163 ; Africanus, F89,39-49). Since little is known about the historian Pausanias apart from Malalas' references to h i m (see Jeffreys 1990,188f), the source of Malalas' own embellishments of the tradition cannot be determined.
Hl f

258

Iulius Africanus

F87 The Father of Herod F 8 7 ' T h e Father of 'Herod


1

259

F87
F87a Eus. :
1

Eusebius, Historia

eccle

F87b

Georgius

Syncellus

(356,23

F87a

F87b

s i a s t i c a 1,6,2s ( 4 8 , 1 2 - 1 9 Schwartz) Eus. : E u s e b i u s , Eclogae p r o p h e t i c a e 3, 26 (cod. Vind. t h e o l . gr. 29, f. 4 1


r 2

357,4 M o s s h a m m e r )

158,5-8 G a i s f o r d ) 'EVTEU9EV 6eoc. K a i Xurcq role, "YpKavou cpiXoic; ETtiTtirtTEi n a p ' eXuiSa KpatrjoavToc; ApiarofiouXou, K a i pdXiara AvtindTpcp Ttvi, 'HpcbSou n a r p i TOO PaaiXeuoavToc; EnerraTouSaicov, 6q qv $>ao~iv ol AvTinarpov naripa) rtov rex KCLT' aiirov (TOVTOV aKpifSovvxec, 8' elvai avrcd dXXdcpuXoc; 'ISoupaToc; Kara. 'IcbaqnTtov, K a t d Se
AcppiKavdv

Thus as a result of Aristobulus' unexpected vic tory, fear and grief descended upon the allies of Hyrcanus, especially a certain Antipater, the fa ther of the Herod who subsequently became Those with an accurate knowledge (he He who the king of the Jews. Antipater was a foreigner, an Idumean according to Josephus. But according to Africanus, he son was an A s h k e l o n i t e , one of the the

AoKaXtovixric,,

vioq

TIVOC,

c o n c e r n i n g h i m say t h a t A n t i p a t e r was his father) was s o n o f a c e r t a i n rod are a n A s h k e l o n i t e , one known as o f those

' H p c p 5 o u TIVOC; T O V veto

AaKaAtoviTou

iepoSouXou KctAoupevou ' H p c b S o u TCOV Ttepi T O V veojv T O U A T C O X A O J V O C , r e r a y -

Ttepi

T O U ATtoXAuivoc;

o f H e r o d , k n o w n as

temple-servants in

t e m p l e slaves a p p o i n t e d i n A s h k e l o n i n the t e m p l e o f A p o l l o . I d u m e a n b a n d i t s

t e m p l e o f A p o l l o ; c a p t u r e d as test.: 1 inc. Sync.[AB] 5 inc. E u s . ' E u s . [ A T E R B D M L A ] : ATEXrj ye TOI r d Tfjc, npoppriaetoc, t)v Ka9'
2

a child

ov UTC6 toic, o i K E i o i c . TOO ESVOUC, dpxouai SidyEiv auToii; Ecjfjv xpdvov, dvw6Ev Et; aurou MCOUOECOC; KaTapE,apvoic, K a i eic, Tiiv Auyouarou (JaoiXEiav SiapKEaaaiv, Ka9' ov nptoroc, dAXocpuXoq'HpcbSqc, t q v Ka-rd'IouSaicuv ETTixpETTETai u n d 'Piupaiiov dpxqv, (be, pv 'Iibaqnoc, napaSiStoaiv,'ISoupaloc, u>v K a r a 7TaTEpa T 6 yevoc, ApdBioc, Se K a t d pqrepa, cbc, 6' AcppiKavoc; (oi>x 6 ruxcbv 6 E K a i OUTOC; yeyove ovyvpacpEiic,) et Eus. : cbq 5' 6 AcppiKavoc;, ou pucpeb np6o9ev epvqc9ripv 5-12 Iul. Afr., ep.Arist. (60,15-61,1 Reichardt = Eus., h.e. l,7,ll[l,58,15-22 Schwartz]) Kai ravra, ciic'ISoupaioi Xqarai, 'AOKOAWVI nbXei rijq IJaAaiorivriq Tovyovv
2

awrfjpoq ol Kara

oapKa ovyyevelq, eir'obv cpavrjricdvreq, eid'anXcbq EKSiSdOKOvreq, ndvrcoq Si dXtjETTEASOVTEC;,

Sevovrsq, napiSoaav

il; eiSioXeiov ArtoXXcovoc;, o Ttpbc; rofc; TEI^EOTV iSpvro, Avtircatpov HpcbSou rivdc; iEpoSouXou naiSa npbq role aXXoiq ovXoiq aixpdXcoTov anfjyov- TCB S E Xurpa imEp TOU uiou KaTa9Ec9ai pf| SuvaoGai r d v lepia 6 Avrinarpoq rote, tcbv'ISoupaicuv EDEOIV svTpacpsic uoTEpov'YpKavcb cpiXourai Tib Tfjc'IouSaiac, dpxiepei. p s . Ath. fr. ( P G 26.1253A) D Se AcppiKavbq Kai oi KOT' aurdv dKpiBouvTEc; AvTircdTpou pev ehai vidv- rdv Se Avrinarpov ecrvnKEvai ;ra:Tpa'HpcuSqv AaKaXa)viTr|v, UpdSouXov TOU VEUI TOU ArtoXXcovoc;. rdv Se Avrinarpov rov vlbv aiirov, naiSiov ovra, aixpaXcoTio9fivai rcapd TCOV XnaTcov'ISoupaicov T O V Se naripa aiirov 'HpibSnv pf) 5uvq9qvai Souvai Xurpa urtEp aurou- Evrpacpdc; ouv Toic; Tc5v'I6ouu.aitov e9eoiv, 'ISovpaioq ivouiaBn elvai, cbv AoKaXcovirnq. 8,1,44 (360,4-8 Heikel)'Hv yovv b'HpcbSrjq Avrinarpov e^Apapiaq, yvvalna 7-9 Eus., dem. ev. EK TJVOC nalq, 6 8' Avrinarpoc, AoKaXaivirnq, noiehai.
f

TCOV rcepi TOV vecbv TOU ArtoXXcovoc; iepoSouXcov KaXoupevcov, be Sr) Kvnpivnv bvbiiari, rd yevoq rtov npbq yapov ayaybpevoq rbv'HpwSnv 6-9

1 - 6 cf. Ios., bell. Iud. 1,123 324,11-13


v

cf. lust., dial. 52,3,1-12; Eus., chron. 61,25-27; E u s . , can." 153 ; 1 For discussion of this fragment, see Gelzer 1,258-60. Elsewhere, the excerpts from Africanus' chronicle preserved independently in both Syncellus and Eusebius represent fairly faithful witnesses to the text of his chronicle, see F34 and F93. Pronounced differences between the two versions found here, however, suggest that neither author is quoting verbatim from Africanus. 6 a: A v T i n a r p o v ] dvTircdTpou Eus':A | aurcp E u s ' : B D M Z Eus
1 1 1 2

Sulp. Sev., c h r o n . 2,27,1; Chron. Pasch. 358,13-15; 362,2-4; Anon. Matr. 46,4-6; E x c . Barb. 6-16 cf. Epiph., haer. 1,224,17 - 225,13 (ordo narrationis valde similis); Exp. off. 1,8;
r

Sym. Log. (Leo G r . 52,23 - 53,6 = T h . Mel. 44,14-19 = Iul. Pol. 152,11-18) = ps. Sym. f. 74 ,39 74 ,5 = Cedr. 2 9 3 , 1 1 - 1 8 5 a: Oaoiv] cbc; cpaoiv E u s ' A T E Z aurov E u s ' : T E R
2

A parallel account of Herod's background reported in Epiph., haer. 1,224,17-225,13 may also have drawn either upon Africanus or his source; on the influence of Africanus' chronicle on Epiphanius, see Adler 1990.

7-9

b: Ttbv...TeTaypevcov Goar * r i b . . . T E t a y p E v c o AB

8 a+b: VECO E u s Sync.:B

VEIOV E u s S y n c : A Gelzer

260

Iulius Africanus

F 8 7 T h e Father of Herod

261

iepooouAcov KaXoupevtov yeyovivat10 AvTirtaTpoc, {mo TtcuSiov f\v, did aixpaXamaSeic, TO pit) Svvaodai 8s ovv TOV vnkp

bq

UEVCOV EV AoKaX&vt. Xnatai BEIV


TOV

TOVTOV ' I S o u p a t o i

by I d u m e a n bandits, A n t i p a t e r stayed io w i t h t h e m because his father for being p o o r , was unable to p a y t h e r a m s o m h i m . Raised i n t h e i r customs, he was later befriended b y H y r c a n u s , t h e h i g h p r i e s t o f the Jews. 15

captured this A n t i p a t e r and were keep ing h i m as a b a n d i t a m o n g t h e m , h o p i n g t o receive a r a n s o m f r o m his fa ther H e r o d . B u t because his father was poor a n d unable t o pay ransom, h e grew up as one o f t h e i r accomplices, and was b r o u g h t u p i n their customs.
Later b e f r i e n d e d b y H y r c a n u s , he assu med a role of leadership over the populace by means of his wealth and honor, and by virtue of his aptitude and acuity in public affairs. He per

'I5oupaiojv XnoTrtbv EKEivotq naripa

AvTiTtcrrpov EIXOV EK TOV narpbq

aixpaXaavrov

XtOTiaavTEc; iv avrotq XtjorEvovra, iXm(ovTc;

TtTarvpy 6vx-a Kara9ia8ai evrpatpeic, 15 (piXofJTcu.

TOIC; EKEIVWV

aiirov, 'Hpwdov Xvrpa. Std Se T O TTTCOXOV elvat Sovvai eOeotv r d v aiirov TtctTepa Kai Xvrpa apxtepei dnopEiv avrwv ixpovtoE ovXXnorzvwv fjGeoiv.
a

u o T e p o v T p K a v c p TW lovSaiwv

Kai roiq ovroq


t v K a

evTpe9opevoc,

C a r e p o v T p K a v c o cpiXcoGelc, n X o u K a i 66^n Td>v rtoXXiiv TtpoeixEv evrpexeiac, x P i

rfjc, nepi r a Koivd TTpdypaTa SeivoTr|TOC/ 6c, dvarteiOei TOV TpKavdv Aperq rcl) TUJV ApdfSuiv rtpoocpuyovTa dvaxTrjaaaOai. BaaiXeT rf|v 'IouSaiaiv dpxf|V 20

suaded Hyrcanus to flee to Aretas, king of the Arabs, and recover the kingdom of the Jews.

test.: E u s . E u s . S y n c . 9 yeyovevai- d - E tpiXouTat des. Eus. : TOUTOU yiveTai 6 eni TOU awTfjpoc. fipu)v'Hpcu6qc. post 'Hpu>8n,c, addidit Rufinus: haec Africanus 22 dvaicrijaaaSai des. Sync. 9 a: KaXoupevtov < Eus
2

e s

u s

11 14

b: aixpaXamaavTec. A aixpaAiorrjaavrec, B

13

a: Trnoxdv

E u s ^ T E R B D M Tcevn,Ta E u s ' A Eus^TERBDM b: e x P


o v l a

a: eSeoiv Eus':A (cf. Iul. Afr., ep. Arist., supra in app.) fj6emv

15 a: Tip E u s ' : T E R M TO) TUJV Eus':A TOJV Eus':BD | 'Iou6a(cuv] iSoupauov Eus':M

T88 We

Africanus and the Archive of

Edessa

A expdvnae B

s h a l l begin o u r n a r r a t i v e for y o u f r o m the

fifth

b o o k o f Africanus, the

c h r o n o g r a p h e r , to w h i c h Josephus a n d H i p p o l y t u s a n d m a n y other Greeks l e n d [ c o r r o b o r a t i v e ] witness. F o r he t r a n s c r i b e d e v e r y t h i n g f r o m the charters o f the T88 M o s e s Chorenensis, H i s t o r i a A r m e n i o r u m 2,10 ( 1 2 0 , 3 - 1 6 A b e l e a n / Y a r u archive o f Edessa, t h a t is, U r h a , w h i c h concerned the h i s t o r y o f o u r kings. These b o o k s had been t r a n s p o r t e d there f r o m N i s i b i s a n d f r o m the temple h i s t o r i e s o f Sinope i n Pontus. L e t n o one d o u b t this, for we have seen t h a t
\]lfpHpu
2

t'iwnean)

uipuiugnig
pji,

ufuiuiJk^ ^hg_

Cftbtf-bpnpn. L . ^JiLUfnnJiutujj

tj.png'u L.

\\inpplfuilinup

a r c h i v e w i t h our o w n eyes. A n d as a closer witness the Ecclesiastical [History] of Eusebius of

10

Caesarea is a guarantee, which our blessed teacher Mashtots' had had translated into Armenian. I f uijip puigni ifp ft you search in Gelark'uni in the province of Siunik' you will find i n book one, chapter 13, that he QnLbwg: ^^uhitfji uw pnihvun.uiIf ipnfuiurpphmg np fiu^ ft ^mpmhuu rpftLufuffh bears witness that in the Edessene archive are to be found all the acts of our first kings down to \yq.kupiuj, lift t [\LHJCUIJ, np jmnmtpu jiliuq..mi npiugu Jkpng ufiuutilkp. np Abgar and from Abgar down to Eruand. I think that these are preserved today in the same city. Jiiimhuil^oU 'ft \yipuuij tfih lftnfuhuii^ uuLij.p L ft \}fiunigujj ^rfumnut ft ilkCihjuitfuhi njinmil'nL[()hiiilnjh: yfft ng uiuCujLuiinujugp, _ptuuqjt U_ Jkqlflj ftulf mtpiilimiiil.il irqujfy lUJUlT tJ-pLufup: \yL '/V'.'/ JS^I A Jbutnj bput^juuit-ttpbugb \ylffbupujuuib qjtpj* ^ytubpp IfbuuipiugLnj, qttp but fdutpu-Jufhbf bpuAibfft tfujpn-utujbuuj Jbp \J"tu^mng ft CUJJ fbanu 1 \\jurj-hp utpuiugbu 'ft ^bnuip/jnLup 'ft q.utLutn.fAi \JftLubutg, U. q.utgbu juiTL.u3$ftu Cuiqhibpa.nt.fBbuiu'u The translation is taken from Thomson 1978,145f. For Africanus' well-documented connection with the Edessene court see his Cesti 1,20, which describes his experiences in the court of Abgar jbpbgtrtuiuuihkpnpn- fhtifti. qp tfbwjb jOtfbuftiuj n-fiLUiufht lftubf_ IUUVULUJU qjtp&ng uin.ui^ling V I I I (176-213), also F29 (on the preservation of Jacob's tent in Edessa). On the basis of this text fduia.tiMLnpuigu dhpng tlfht^U. n\\pn.uip, b. qlfuft \Jlptf-iupnt. tlfhi^b. g\ypnLuflin-: [\p b tuja^iT qtupabu it has been claimed that much of the following material in Moses comes from Africanus qjnuhtp UjtuChui[_ ft 'unjll f>uinuij>ft: (Topchyan 2001). However, this cannot be proved and the hypothesis has been rightly cfwifiiiluiiliiuif nprtLtT i[t{Wjt Qnifubufnu
r

criticized (Terian 2001/02). T h e material of Moses should be considered only where Greek parallels are available (e. g. F89), see also Topchyan 2006 and Wallraff 2O06,49f. 3 - 6 cf. Mos. C h o r e n . 2,38 9s cf. Eus., h.e. 1,13 2 O n the archive of Edessa, see Inglebert 2001,185-187.

262 F89

Iulius Africanus

F89 Herod and Cleopatra

263

G e o r g i u s Syncellus (371,1 - 373,10 M o s s h a m m e r )

F89

Herod

and

Cleopatra

AcppiKavoO Tiept TCJJvYpKavcp Kai Avrrydvcu oup|3dvTcuv Kai nepi'Hpcbdou TOU T E EEfSacrrou Kai Avrcoviou K a i KAeort&Tpac; EV EniTopcu'

From Africanus, on Hyrcanus and Antigonus' fate, and on Herod, Augustus, Antony and Cleopa tra, in summary form:
1

'OKTaQuioc, 6 ZeBaoToc;, 6v AuyouoTov KaXouai 'Pcouaioi, B E T O C ; a>v uioc;


a u r o u (sc. C a e s a r ) , drto ArcoXXcovidSoc; rfjc;'H7ieipou, ev9a ertaiSeueTO, eiq'Pcb5 p r | v e T c a v e \ 0 c b v TCOV ev reXei Tfjc, qyepoviac; ei'xeTO. A V T O J V I O C , Se OaTepov Tf|v

As his (sc. Caesars) a d o p t e d son, Octavius Sebastus, w h o m the Romans call A u g u s t u s , r e t u r n e d to R o m e f r o m A p o l l o n i a s o f E p i r u s , w h e r e he was b e i n g educated, a n d t o o k over the p r i n c i p a t e f r o m those i n power. Subsequendy A n t o n y o b t a i n e d as his p o r t i o n r u l e o f Asia and the regions b e y o n d . D u r i n g his r u l e , the Jews b r o u g h t charges against H e r o d . But A n t o n y k i l l e d t h e i r envoys a n d restored H e r o d t o r u l e . L a t e r he, as w e l l as H y r c a n u s a n d his b r o t h e r Phasael, were ousted and r e t u r n e d i n flight to A n t o n y for refuge. B u t since the Jews w o u l d n o t accept h i m , t h e r e arose a v i o l e n t struggle. N o t l o n g thereafter he also b a n i s h e d A n t i g o n u s , w h o w a s o n his w a y back, after defeating h i m i n battle. N o w A n t i g o n u s fled to the P a r t h i a n k i n g O r o d e s a n d r e t u r n e d to Judaea w i t h the a i d o f Orodes' son P a c o r u s , w h i c h he got i n exchange for 1000 talents o f g o l d . So n o w H e r o d t o o k f l i g h t , and Phasael was k i l l e d i n battle. H y r c a n u s was d e l i v e r e d up alive to A n t i g o n u s , and after c u t t i n g o f f his ears to disqualify h i m f r o m the p r i e s t h o o d , he gave h i m to the Parthians t o take h i m w i t h t h e m . For insofar as he was a relative, A n t i g o n u s recoiled f r o m e x e c u t i n g h i m . H e r o d es c a p e d a n d first sought refuge w i t h M a l i c h u s , k i n g o f the A r a b s . But w h e n he w o u l d n o t receive h i m for fear o f the Parthians, H e r o d d e p a r t e d for Cleopatra in Alexandria.
2

xfjc,

Aaiac;

K a i ertsKeiva

dpxf|v

eXaxev.

em

T O U T O U 'HpcbSou K a r n y o p o u v dpxfjv.

T o u S a i o i . 6 6 e T O U C ; rcpeaBeic; dnoKTeivac;'HpcbSr|v e m Tfjv a u r o u KaTfjt;ev

u o r e p o v 5s

a p a ' Y p K a v c p K a i OaaatXcp TCO dSeXcpcb e^ecbBn K a i Trpoacpuycbv

AvTcovico K a r r j X G e . uf| Ssxopevcov Se a u T o v ' I o u S a i t o v pdxn y i v e r a i K a p T e p d . per' io o u rcoXu 5k K a i A v r i y o v o v K a n o v r a K5ici>Kei p d x n , A v r i y o v o c ; Se rrpoacpuycbv 'Opd)8r| rep T i i v ndpOcov BaaiXel S i d IlaKOpou T O U u i o u KaTfjXoev km 'YpKavoc; Se
15 d n o K T e l v a i .

xpuaofj

TaXdvToic, YjAioic,. Kai 6 pev'Hpcb5r|c; cpeuyet, cDaadiXoc; Se ev rfj p d x r i d v a i p e i T a i ,


AvTiyovcp Ttape566r) (,u>\- 6 5k 'HpcbSqc; Se eKTtecrcbv T O pev cbc; 6' ou ndpQoic; a u r d v eScuKev dyeiv,

drtoTepcbv a u r o u r d coxa, cbc; p t i K e n ieparro- f|5ea6q y d p a u r d v cue, obceiov


TtpcoTov MaXixco Tib TCOV ApdBcov aurov cpo(3co T i i v IldpOcov, eic, pamXei rtpoo9euysiTtpoafJKaTO

A X e E d v S p e i a v rcapd KXeondTpav aTrfjXBev.

7 - 1 6 Sync. (367,23 - 368,5 Moss.) AiwxBeiq Se rnxXiv rfjq dpxfjq ouvTOYpKavcp rtpoacpEuyEi Avrcovicp, K a i pf| 8 e x 9 k rcapd rciiv 'IouSaitov KapTEpcoc; p d x E r a i , auTov CSE EKSICOKEI Avriyovov. d 6E Avriyovoc; drroyvouc Tfjc, 'Pwpaiwv Bondeiaq 'HpwSn rtpoacpeuyEi TIepawv |3aoiXei paxopevw 'Pwpaioiq, xal Karayerai did FlaKOpou rcaiddc, 'HpwSov eiq rf\v 'IovSaiav, vnooxbpevoq xpuaou xiXia TdXavTa lJepcrouq. 'YpKavdv TE (covra napaXapfSdvev TOIC, oSovoiv iKKbfaq a u T o u T d coxa, cue; pnKETi iepaTeueiv- K a i TOVTOV npovSwKev aidiq Tlepaaiq d y E i v ^Et9 'eavrCiv. Hpcodqc; 6E <pvydq fJKe npbq MdXixov ApdjJcuv (SaaiAEa. 13-17 Sync. (369,14-23 Moss.) Tw ydp Xa'erei 'YpKavov Karaxdeiq vnb TIapdwv eiq Tfjv apyf]v rcBv 'lovSaitov, Kparel pev avrfjq (jcovra Tdv 'YpKavdv xe'pwodpevoq Kai TOIC oSovoiv d n o T E p c b v aurou T d cI>Ta, cbc, dv pf\ Td Xoinbv lEpareuoi, Kai LtdpOoic, kKSiSwoiv dyEiv eiq Tfjv LTepoiKfjv. dvaipei Sk OaodiXov dSeX<pdv 'HpwSov Kai <pvyaSevei TOVTO, 7roAAd KaTaSpapovrmv avTov ndpdcov ini Trjv 'IovSaiav perd prjTpdq Kai Tfjq ovyyeveiaq. (pevyovToq 'HpwSov Kai mvwvq noXXcKKiq noXifiio Tpcnopivov, Kai KaTaoiparcopevoq, bq rfoAAarac repde, MdXixov ApdBcov (3aoi\Ea Qappuiv Karacpevyei, fj$n npoevepyeTnpevov, ou npoadExOEic, 5E cpd|3ui TCOV ndpOcuv EIC, AX.El;dv6pEia v SpxeTai rcp6c KAEondTpav.

3 - 5 7 cf. S y m . Log. (Leo Gr. 54,20 - 55,13 = T h . Mel. 45,17-30); Iul. Pol. 155,15 - 157,27 5 - 7 cf. Ios.,bell. Iud. 1,242-247; Ios., ant. Iud. 14,302s.326s 1 0 - 1 2 cf. Ios.,bell. Iud. 1,248; Ios., ant. Iud. 14,331 1 2 - 1 7 cf. Ios., bell. Iud. 1,269-278; Ios., ant. Iud. 14,366-370 13s cf. Leu 21,18 [ABt = x (= C O T V ) + z (= MPQRS)] 1 TE < B I s dvxcoviou A B V P Q M R S dvrtovicp C O T et ante corr. P 5 T U J V ev A B V TCJ> C O T Z | TIJV < O T z 8 e^eoj6r) Bt ECEIOOEI A 9 aurdv At aurcov B 11 'Opcodn scripsimus'Ypcodp Gelzer 'Hpcb6r] codd. | jtaKdpou C V rcaKcbpou A B O T raxKOupou z 13 aurdv < A 14 iepcuro ABx l E p a r s u E i PRMS l E p a r E u o i Q
ms C

For the use of the word Eroropfj in connection with the Chronographiae, see also F100. While Syncellus' characterization of this excerpt as EV Enirdpcp may be intended as a general description of the abbreviated style of Africanus' chronicle, it more likely points to the editorial work of a later epitomator. T h e excerpt that follows is either an abridgement of a longer passage (see Gelzer 1,264) or a composite of material culled from various places in Africanus' chronicle. For further discussion, see introduction, p. X I X . The spellingHpcbdnc; in Syncellus is corrupt for Opcodnc, (see also Sync. 367,26 - 368,1). For this latter spelling see Cass. D i o 40,28,3; Iustin. 42,4,1-5.

264

Iulius Africanus T h i s was t h e 1 8 5


th

F89 Herod and Cleopatra

265

'Hv 'OAiMTTidc, pne'. KAeorrdrpa T O V aupSaaiXEuaavTa auTfj dSeAcpov drtoKTEtvaaa Ttpoc; dTtoXo20 yiav urt' Anrcoviou EIC; KiXuciav pETamucpOeiaa Tfjv Tfjc; dpxfjc; ETiipEXEiav ETTETpE\|/v'Hpi>6n, K a i cbc; ou5sv rjt;iou m a T e u e a 9 a i E O T ' dv KaTax9fj EIC; Trjv eauTou dpxijv, sxoicra auTdv rjsi Ttapd A V T C O V I O V . cbc, 6E dXcoKEi Tfjc; yuvaiKdc; Epam, T O V 'HpcbSnv ctnEaTeiXEv sic, 'Pcbpnv KaTa T O V ZsBaaTov 'OKTaouiov, oc; did T E A V T I TtaTpov ToVJipcbdoo TtaTEpa Kai 25

Olympiad.

N o w since Cleopatra h a d k i l l e d her brother, w h o h a d shared t h e t h r o n e w i t h her, A n t o n y s u m m o n e d h e r t o C i l i c i a t o defend her actions. For this reason, she c o n s i g n e d the s u p e r v i s i o n o f h e r r e a l m t o H e r o d . B u t because he w o u l d not

c o n s e n t t o be entrusted w i t h a n y t h i n g u n t i l he was restored t o his o w n r u l e , she t o o k h i m w i t h her t o A n t o n y . A n d since he h a d been o v e r c o m e b y passionate love f o r t h e w o m a n , A n t o n y sent H e r o d o f f t o O c t a v i u s A u g u s t u s i n R o m e . For t h e sake o f Herod's father A n t i p a t e r a n d o f H e r o d h i m s e l f , a n d because i t was t h e P a r t h i a n s w h o h a d i n s t a l l e d A n t i g o n u s as k i n g , A u g u s t u s o r d e r e d the go v e r n o r s i n Palestine a n d S y r i a t o restore h i m (sc. H e r o d ) t o power. A l o n g s i d e Sosius, he c a r r i e d o n the w a r against A n t i g o n u s for a l o n g t i m e a n d i n m a n i f o l d batdes. A t t h a t t i m e t o o , H e r o d ' s b r o t h e r Josephus, a general i n his c o m m a n d , d i e d . A n d after H e r o d c a m e t o A n t o n y < . . . > , years and took h i m alive as a captive
3

81

auTov'Hpcbdnv did T E T O OTTO TldpGcov K a 9 -

O T d a 9 a i T C V AvTiyovov ftaaiXEa ETTEOTEIXE T O I C ; E V naXaiaTivn Kai Z u p i a a T p a TTyyolc; KaTtryEiv afrrdv erti Trjv dpxrjv. K a i apa Ztoaico diEitoXspEi rcpoc; T O V A v r i yovov x p o ^ TtoXXcb K a i TtavToiaic; pdxaic,. T O T E Kai'IcbonTtTtoc; d8Xcpd<;'Hpcb8ou d7to9vfjaKEi OTpaTnycbv.'Hpcbdoo 6E Ttpoc; A V T C O V I O V EXGOVTOC; < . . . > Tpia exr\ T O V A v T i y o v o v E^ETtoXidpKnaav Kai C<bvTa dnEKopiaav AvTcovicp. A V T C O V I O C , 6E

30 'HpcbSnv

\jub

K a i auTdc; d v r j y d p E u o E BaaiXsa, Ttpoo"9r|K 8E aura) TCOXEIC; 'ITCTTOV,

besieged A n t i g o n u s f o r three Antony himself also

TdSapa, Tci^av, 'I6TtTtr)v, Av9r|S6va K a i Tfjc; Apa|3iac; T O V T E Tpdxcova K a i Trjv A u p a v m v t a i ZaKiav K a i raoXdvrjv, Ttpde; 6 E K a i Tfjc; Zupiac; ETtiTpoTtfjv. HpcbSnc, U T T O Tfjc; auyKArJTOu K a i 'OKTaouiou T O U ZEBaarou BaorXsuc; 'Iou8aicov dvryppeu9r| K a i EBaaiXsucTEv E T n X6'. 35 A V T I O V W C ; ETti rtdpBouc; orpaTEUEiv psXXcov A v r i y o v o v T O V 'Ioudaicov aTtEKT E I V E PacTiAsa K a i ApaBiav KXsoTidTpa napEdcoKE, Sia(3dc T E ETti ndp9ouc, ETtTaiO E pEydXcoc; T O TtXeiaTov dTto(3aXcbv T O U O T p a T o u .

to A n t o n y .

p r o c l a i m e d H e r o d k i n g , a n d d e l i v e r e d t o h i m t h e cities o f H i p p o s , Gadara, Gaza, Joppe, A n t h e d o n , a n d i n A r a b i a T r a c h o n , A u r a n i t e s , Sacia, a n d Gaulane, a n d i n a d d i t i o n t o this, t h e p r o c u r a t o r s h i p o f Syria. H e r o d was declared k i n g o f the Jews b y the Senate a n d O c t a v i u s Augustus, a n d he r e i g n e d f o r 34 years. W h e n A n t o n y was a b o u t t o l a u n c h a n invasion against t h e Parthians, he ex e c u t e d A n t i g o n u s , the k i n g o f t h e Jews, a n d h a n d e d over A r a b i a t o Cleopatra. A n d w h e n he crossed o v e r t o t h e Parthians, he suffered a m a j o r setback, l o s i n g

18-22 Sync (375,12-16 Moss.) TVjc otiv prce''OXupmdSoc. nepieXdovorjq Avrwvioq iKorparevei pev tni Uepoatq, HpcoSov rov Uepocbv BaoiXeioq ipovevOevroq vnd <t>padprov TOV per' avrdv BaoiXevoavTO, avvavrfjoaq Si rfj KXeondrpa npdq Tfj KIXI'KCOV Tapoco Kai TCO KdXXei ravrrjq dXouc, ovSiv dqidXopv npdrrei Kara Uepocbv. Sync. (369,6-9 Moss.) Ouroc iXdcbv iv KiXiKia Kai KXeo ndTpav peraoreiXapevoq aAioxtrai rcB raurnc; s p a m . 20 - 29 Sync. (369,23 - 370,5 Moss.) Ae^icodeiq ov nap ' avrif; Kai rf]v ErcipeXeiav Tfjc in' airfjv exeiv dpxfjc. avefidXXero Siartjv npdq AVTCOVIOV ini 'Pcoprjv Kal AiyovcTTOv nopeiav, cbq Icbotjnnoq, cbq Si AcppiKavdq, ovv avrfj rtpdc. AvTumov fjXOe, K&Keivoq rcapc T 6 V EeBaardv 'OKTOOUIOV EicTcipnv avrdv ioreiXev. 6 Si did r d rdv Avriyovov i>rcd ndp8a)v i^6pi>v dvrcov 'Piopaioiq Kparfjoai rfjq dpxfjq, did re rdv auraO rcarepa AvxiTcaTpov ovppaxrjoavTi 'Pcouaioiq K a l aurov'Hpiidnv, ypdipei TOIC, K a r d Eupiav OTparr|yoI<; Kardyeiv'HpujSqv tni rfjv fiacriXuav 'IovSaicov, Iiooiov TOV rcpdc Avriyovov ndXepov imrpanivroq ind rov Kaioapoq, dq ereoi TpiohtneKparnoev. 23s - > F87 33s T89a; Anon. Matr. (34,3s Bauer; cf. etiam 46,2) 'Hpuidnc. dXXbvvXoq exr| \6', i7rd Popaiwv rf\v TWV 'IovSaicov BaoiXeiav iyxeipi(,erai. 36 Sync. (365,12 Moss.! AvTiivioc. Apafiiav KXeoTcdrpa npoilScoKe. 2 0 - 22 cf. I O L , bell. Iud. 1,279; Ios., ant. Iud. 14,376 2 2 - 2 6 cf. Ios bell. Iud. 1,282-284; Ios., ant. Iud. 14,379-319 27s cf. Ios, bell. Iud. 1,323s; I o s , ant. Iud. 14,448s 28s cf. Ios, bell. Iud. 1,343; Ios, ant. I u d . 14,449s; Mos.Choren. 2,21 29 cf. I o s , bell. Iud. 1,357; Ios, ant. Iud. 14,481 33s cf. Ios, bell. I u d . l , 2 8 4 s ; I o s , ant. Iud. 14,388s; Mos. Choren. 2,20 35-37 cf. Ios, bell. Iud. 1,357. 361-363; I o s , a n t . Iud. 14,490; 15,8s.88 36 cf. Ios., ant. Iud. 15,92-94; E u s , can. 162*
Hler

t h e greater p a r t o f his a r m y .

19 auTfj A B C cuVrf]v O T V z 20 Tfjc, dpyfjc, Bt rauTr|c, d p Y i j v A 22 fjei A O T z in B C V 2 4 T d v < t 25 Zupia] cnoiac Oz 28 post eXBdvroc, Routh lacunam coniecit sicut iam Goar 31 dv6n6dva A B C d v 9 i 6 d \ a C V avSiduiva O T z 32 aupavtriv A aupavixnv Bt 35 avriyovov Bt d v T i i v i o v A 36 TE A B St t
C

At this point, Goar suggests a lacuna; see also Routh 469, ad loc. losephus states that after Anti gonus had killed Herod's brother, Antony appointed Sosius as governor of Syria and ordered him to assist Herod in the war against Antigonus.

266

Iulius Africanus

F89 Herod and Cleopatra

267

' H V O A i ' u m & c , pro;'. 'O ZEPLOTOC; O K r a o u i o c , Tf|v it, ' I r a X i a c , K a i Ttdcrqc. EOTtepac; S u v a p t v 40 A v r w v i o - v \yev, raiapevojv en' tn-

T h i s was i n the 1 8 6

th

Olympiad.

O c t a v i u s Augustus l e d h i s a r m y f r o m I t a l y a n d the e n t i r e W e s t against A n tony, w h o , o u t o f fear r e s u l t i n g f r o m h i s failures i n Parthia a n d because o f h i s l o v e f o r C l e o p a t r a , was u n w i l l i n g t o r e t u r n t o R o m e . A n t o n y i n t u r n b e g a n m o v i n g t o m e e t h i m w i t h his a r m y f r o m A s i a . B u t H e r o d , as clever as he was, a n d as one w h o w a i t e d o n the p o w e r f u l , sent o u t b o t h a d o u b l e set o f letters a n d h i s a r m y b y s h i p , o r d e r i n g his c o m m a n d e r s t o w a i t a n d see the w a y t h i n g s w o u l d t u r n o u t . W h e n the v i c t o r y was d e c i d e d , a n d A n t o n y , defeated i n t w o n a v a l b a t tles, f l e d t o E g y p t w i t h C l e o p a t r a , t h o s e c a r r y i n g t h e letters d e l i v e r e d t h e ones for A u g u s t u s , b u t h i d those t h e y w e r e h o l d i n g for A n t o n y . A n d H e r o d attacked C l e o p a t r a . She k i l l e d h e r s e l f i n the m a u s o l e u m , u s i n g a w i l d asp as t h e i n s t r u m e n t o f d e a t h . T h e n A u g u s t u s a r r e s t e d Cleopatra's c h i l d r e n H e l i o s a n d Selene,

oi)

p o u X o p e v o v Eic'Ptbpnv TtaveX9etv 6 E S I rdrv ev ndpGoic;


AVTOJVIOC;

Kai

KXeondTpac; spurn.

8e cw Tf]v
TUJV

EK

-rfjc; Actac; excov S u v a -

utv unnv-riccjev. 6 S E 'HpuiSqc; o l a 5eivoc, K a i E^ETiepil/evETtiaToXac; K a i


SOKEIV T O

iovtiovTojv

vni T O V

a r p a r o v , EVTEiXdpevoc;

TOIC,

9paneuTf|c, SmXdc, qyoupEVOtc; K a p a -

orcoPnaopevov.

obc, 6' Kpi9n

Te

f] v t K q K a i 6 u o i vaupaxiaic, r)TTn9ic, 6

45

AVTOJVIOC,

k p u y e v eic, A i y u T r r o v d p a Tf| K X e o T t d r p a , o i Kopi(ovrc. d n E S o a a v rdc, l e p a o T o v eraaToXdc,, ac, npoc,


AVTUJVIOV

npoc.

TOV

e l x o v dTtOKpi3\|/avTc;.

mime

S ' E u T I p t o S n . KXeoTtdTpa v ra> pauaioXsiuj E a u r q v StEXpqoaTO daraSt T<I> 9npicp Ka9' Eau-rfji; ortAu) xpqoxtpEvn.
T T

KXEOTtdrpac; viovq

" H X i o v Kai Z s X q v q v ETC!

T ] P a t 6 a (puyovxac, cruvsXaPEV 6 ZePaaTOC,. 50


NIKOTTOVIC

q K a r a A K T I O V KTta9q

siXr|ppEvr|i; Ttpunroc; fiyspcbv

Kai A K T U X AiyuTtTou nEpKETai


TCOXEIC,.

6 d y u j v ETeGn. AXt;av6piac, TdXXoc, Kopvf|Xtoc,, 6c,


TUJV

w h o h a d f l e d t o the T h e b a i d . N i c o p o l i s was f o u n d e d n e a r A c t i a a n d the A c t i a n games w e r e i n s t i t u t e d . W h e n A l e x a n d r i a was c a p t u r e d , G a l l u s C o r n e l i u s was sent as t h e first prefect o f

a n o o x a v T a v AiyuTtTiujv Ka9iX tdc,

M E X P I I O U 5 E o i A a y i S a i , K a i < 6 > aupTtac,

Tfjc,

MaKESoviKfjc, qyEpoviac, {peTd}

E g y p t ; he d e s t r o y e d the cities o f the E g y p t i a n s that were i n r e v o l t . U p t o t h i s t i m e , the L a g i d s were i n c o n t r o l , a n d the e n t i r e d u r a t i o n o f t h e M a c e d o n i a n e m p i r e after t h e c o n q u e s t o f the Persians was 300 years {less two].
4

'ixx\
55 xP
TT]V

r'
a

<dio> ^
v

Tfjc,
T r c

ElEpacuv Ka9aip0a>c, {Suoiv Seovra}- o-uvdyovrai r o i v u v o i


EOJC,

0 V O 1

l . MaK86vcov dpxqc,

KaraXuaEUJC,

Kara

nroXEpaiouc. Kai
ETOC,

TeXEUTaiav

KXEorrarpav, 6
ETOC,

i6','OXu|aTtd5oc, 8 E p i t C

6'.

yivETai Tfjc, T a i p a u u v Td cnJpTtavTa erq cmo

povapxiac, qyepoviac, A 6 d p ,EUOP'.

So t h e n , t h i s is t h e e n t i r e c h r o n o l o g y f r o m t h e b e g i n n i n g o f t h e M a c e d o n i a n s t o t h e i r d i s s o l u t i o n d u r i n g t h e t i m e o f t h e Ptolemies a n d C l e o p a t r a t h e i r last r u l e r , w h i c h o c c u r r e d i n the 1 4 f o u r t h y e a r o f the 1 8 7


th t h

year

o f t h e supremacy o f t h e R o m a n e m p i r e , t h e
6

O l y m p i a d . A l t o g e t h e r there are 5472 years f r o m A d a m .

4 4 - 4 9 L e o Cr. (55,8-13 Bekker) Avrcovioc; Kai cpeuyei psrd Tfjq KXeorcdrpac; eic Afyurcrov. Kai 6 uiv Avrcovioc; iairov Siaxsipi(,si, r) Si KXeondrpa svXaRovuivn TOV iv Tfj 'Pcourj BpiauBov Kai ovojedcioa, a a n i S a T6 Grpiov eaurfj npooevzyKauivn rtXsvra. "HXioc, Kai SeXqvq r d ravrr\c riKva ovoxsBivra npor\x&r\ iv ri> OpidpBio'Pcopriq. 4 7 - 5 4 Sync. (365,13-15 Moss.) KXeondrpa r) rsXsvraia rwvAayiScov drtoyova ini ru> cpovcu rov dSeXcpov, Avrwiov poixsvBstoa, rovrip Kai avri] yiyovsv dncoXsiaq ahtoq, darclSiKaG' eaurqc; onXcp davdwv xpqaapevq. 48s Sync. (375,24-26 Moss.) Touc Se KXeo rcdTpac, TtouSac, cpeuyovrac, Xapcbv "HXiov Kai SeXqvqv Karfjfcv sic, 'Pibprjv, BpiauBov in' aiiroiq ijSiorov'Pcofiaoiq ivSc^duevoq. 5 3 - 5 7 - F46.245; F86.20-25; F93,51s; T6.16; F65.306 5 0 - 5 2 cf. Eus., c a n . " 163 ; 162 53s cf. Sync. 314,16; 375,4-6 5 4 - 5 7 cf. Eus., c a n . " 163 (Ol. 187,4, a n n . 15 Augusti; sed post annos 295 Lagidarum regni); Eus., c a n . 210
a r m t n H i f h Hi

For Africanus' 300-year chronology of the Macedonian kingdom, see app. to 1. 54. The words "less two (Suoiv Seovra)" are an addition by Syncellus who intended to harmonize the text of Africanus with his own 298-year chronology of the Macedonian kingdom, cf. Sync. 365,15: drcd AXef,dv5pou erq ooq'. For discussion, see further Routh 471f ad loc. and Gelzer l,268f. The numeral "11" (ia') in the manuscripts of Syncellus is corrupt. Scaliger, Routh and Gelzer emended it to "14" (iS', but cf., differently, Gelzer l,277f, n. 5). This emendation is both necessary and probably correct. Necessary, because 11 years before the death of Cleopatra (30 B C ) no historical event is attested which is fundamental for the beginnings of the Roman mon archy, whereas 14 years lead to the death of Caesar (44 BC) and the events immediately thereafter. Correct, because 14 years align with Africanus' system: Africanus counted 74 years from 1 Augustus to the Resurrection of Christ (= 16 Tiberius, T6,17f) and 60 years from the death o f Cleopatra to 16 Tiberius (F93,52f). The date of Cleopatra's death would thus be 14 Augustus. The equation Ol. 187,4 with A M 5472 is inconsistent with other witnesses to Africanus' chro nology. Probably the text ought to be corrected to Ol. 187,2. If A M 5723 = O l . 250,1 (F54d), then A M 5472 would equate to Ol. 187,2, see Mosshammer 2006,84-86. This would also be compatible with the dating of the Resurrection in A M 5532 = Ol. 202,2, see F93, n. 18. Cf. also Trieber 1880,66, Gelzer 1,46, Adler/Tuffm 2002,444, n. 6, who opt for an emendation to Ol. 187,3.

41 ah Triv Di. auTf)v ABt 43 vqi TOV] vnTTT|v Gelzer " 44 T6 drcojJnoopevov Bt r d drtopnadpeva A 6 < t 46s ejiTtre S'eu'HpcuSr| KXeondtpa Gelzer eTtirciTCTei Se npcuSn KXeoTtdrpa ABt ertmircTei Se 'Hpcb6i"|c; KAecitdTpq Moss. 47 pauacoXeiu) Gelzer (cf. Plut., de proverbis Alexandrinorum 45,10 npd TOU pvr^uaToc, rqc KXeoTtdrpac, o KaXeirai MauociXeiov) peaaioXicu ABt | SiEXpnoaro Seal. Se expqoaroABt 48 u i o u c B t u i d c A 49 GqfJaioa B 9q|3ai5[ A GqBaiSoc; t 53 6 Gelzer 53s p e r d . . .K9aipeoecuc] perd rfjv Tlepocbv Ka9aipeoiv erq T ' Routh 54 Suoiv Seovra < Routh, cf. F86.20-23; F?3,52; T6.16; Sync. (314,16 Moss., textus supra in app. ad F86,22s), aliter Sync. (365,15 Moss.) | S e n v r a T V z Se o v r a A B C O 55 ecoc; G o a r Kai A B t 56 povapxiac] povapxiKqc Seal. 57 iS' Seal. Rcuth Gelzer ia' ABt IE' F86.22
m

268

Iulius Africanus

F89 Herod and Cleopatra

269

M E T C X A A e f c i v S p E i a c ; d X c u o r v O X u p m d c ; fjx6n

pnr\'.

A f t e r t h e c o n q u e s t o f A l e x a n d r i a , the 1 8 8 H e r o d r e - e s t a b l i s h e d the city o f the

t h

O l y m p i a d began. formerly called

' H p c o 6 q c ; eitiKTiaac; T W V r a B i v i c o v TTOXIV Tf|v TCOTE Z a u d p s i a v , E e B a a T f i v a u rryv TtpoonyopeijOE- T O Se E T I I V E I O V auTfjc; T O V ZTpdrcovoc, Ttupyov rtoXiaac, and

G a b i n i a n s , w h i c h was

Samaria, g i v i n g i t the n a m e Sebaste. A f t e r b u i l d i n g its seaport, Straton's Tower, i n t o a city, he c a l l e d i t Caesarea after t h e same p e r s o n , and erected i n each c i t y a t e m p l e t o O c t a v i u s . Later, he b u i l t A n t i p a t r i s i n the L y d i a n p l a i n , n a m e d after his father; t h o s e d w e l l i n g a r o u n d Sebaste, w h o s e l a n d he h a d t a k e n , h e r e s e t d e d i n this c i t y H e also b u i l t o t h e r cities, a n d w h i l e oppressive to the Jews, he was

T O U auTou KaiadpEiav EKdXEOEv, Ecp' EKdTEpa vadv syEipac; O K T a o u i c u . uaTEpov 5 e Kai A v T i T t a r p i S a K T I ( E I E V TO> A u S i i nsSiw T t E p i Tf|v cmb xov EauTou Ttarpoc;, Kai TOUC;

( 3 a c n : r | v oiKouvrac;, <I)v dcpdXaTO Tf|v Y f j v , EyKaTcpKiasv E V airrfj. E K -

Tiae 6 E K a ifextpac,TCOXEIC,, Kai TOIC, p v i o u 6 a i o i c , B a p u c , fjv, TOIC, Se dXXoic, E B V E O I 5t;iciVTaToc;. 'Hv O X u p u i l d c ; p7t6', fjrie rcpd SI; KaXavScDv Mapricov, K a r a AvTioxeic, K6', fjx9n, 61' ijc, im

e x t r e m e l y b e n e v o l e n t to the o t h e r n a t i o n s . The 189


t h

O l y m p i a d began, which included the additional sixth day before the Calends

TCOV idiurv 6p<ov krr\ 6 e v i a u T d c .

of March, in the 2 4 * year according to the Antiochenes. Through this means, the course of the year was established with fixed limits.
7

59s

Sync. (379,24s Moss.) 'HpcoSnq rr/v mxXai Zauapetav epnpov oioav 60s TOV Kaiaapoq emtcrioaq cbvdpaoev.

ix BepeXiwv fjyeipe, Ze|3aaineKTioev AvrinarpiSa

Tf]v <c npfiv TOV Kat'oapoq ovouaoaq. rrupyov Kaio&peiav /'c npryv Aypinmvav covdpaoe. 59s perovopaoaq,

Sync. (380,2-5 Moss.) 'HptiSnq rov naXat ZTpdrcuvoc, 6 avrbq Av$nS6va TOV narpbq avrov

en Te riapoavdBav eiq ripf\v Avrmarpov

cf. Ios., b e l l . Iud. 1,403; Ios., ant. Iud. 15,292.296.363; Eus., c a n . " 166"
1 d

H i

60s

cf. Ios., ant. Iud.

15,293.331; I o s . , b e l l . Iud. 1,408; Eus., can." " 167 1,417; Eus., c a n .


H i , r

61s

cf. Ios., ant. Iud. 16,142s; Ios., bell. Iud.

167' 62s cf. Ios., ant. Iud. 15,296


m s

59

ra(3nvcl)v G e h e r

60 erciveiov A niviov C emvnov B O T V z

| r d v ] TOO A Tfflv C | rcoXiaac. A

rtoXfjaac; Bt

63 i v Bt 6v A | e y K a t u i K t a e v Di. EyKaTU>Kr|av A B e y K a r c p K n a a c , t

T 8 9 a G e o r g i u s Syncellus (373,11-16 M o s s h a m m e r )

T89a A f r i c a n u s fails to say h o w m a n y years H y r c a n u s was r u l e r o f the Jews, because

AcppiKavoc, eaaac, EiTtEtv noaa err) TpKavoc, fjyfjaaTO ' I o u S a i c o v 6 i d T O avTirciTtT E I V Tfj E K 5 6 O I auToO r d X 5 ' ETq'YpKavou, rcpoc; T O U T O I C ; exrj y' Tfjc;'Hpd)5ou (3a-

the 34 years o f H y r c a n u s ' r u l e c o n t r a d i c t s his e x p o s i t i o n . I n a d d i t i o n t o this, he cut o f f t h r e e years f r o m H e r o d ' s r u l e , a s s i g n i n g h i m o n l y 34 years i n s t e a d o f 37. Now if we grant this as true, Herod will be found to have died in the first year of the Incarnation of the Lord and G o d , our Savior Jesus Christ, which is totally at odds with the teachings of the gospels.

aiXeiac; KoA.63a>av, d v T i X(' ETCUV pova X 6 ' OTOtxeicbaaq- drcep el 6<l>pev dXr|9edeiv, eupeGrjoerai 9vfjoKa>v'Hpa>6r|c K a r a TO npioTov eroq Tfjc evavGpcunfjaeaic, TOU Kupiou K a i 9eou K a i oaiTfjpoc. fjpiiv'Irpou Xpiorou, 6nep arorcov Kara tdc. eiiayyeXiKdc, rcapaddoeic..

Since Africanus' Chronographiae

does not as a rule use the Antiochene era, Unger 1867,36f

suggests that the words given here in small print were a later insertion by a Syrian chronicler, see further Adler/Tuffin 2002,445, n. 2.

270

Iulius Africanus

F90 Omissions in Jesus' Genealogy

271

F90
F 9 0 a I o a n n e s C h r y s o s t o m u s , i n : C a t e n a i n M a t t h a e u m 1,17 (9,6-16 Cramer)

F90

Omissions

in Jesus'

Genealogy

F90a'

Flepi TOUTCDV ovv TUYV rpicov BaoiAecov (sc. OxoCiac, Inac, A(aplac) ifr\a\v 6 AcppiKavoc, ev mymrw Bi|3Xiu)
TCOV

XpoviKcov aurou, 6TI


0C

5ta
1

xrjv a y a v SuaoEBfitav auxcbv, TtapeSpaue TOUTOTJC, .


T

Concerning these three kings (Ahaziah, Joash, Azariah), then, Africanus states in the fifth book of his Chronkae that because o f t h e i r e x t r e m e i m p i e t y the evangelist o m i t t e d them.

si)aYYA.icrTf]c;- &Q .

YP W ^>

fi

YP pn

a <

T 0 U C

dcjtouc,

P-vfjpnc,

TtapaXipnd-

v s r v , <cbc;> T O V ZupEcbv, K a i O A A O T E dXXcoc; aXkajoQev

TTOAAOUC;' TOUTOUC, pev ouv

For i t is c u s t o m a r y o f S c r i p t u r e , he says, t o o m i t those w h o are n o t w o r t h y o f m e n t i o n , < s u c h as> S y m e o n and m a n y o t h e r s elsewhere i n d i f f e r e n t places. A s

T O U C r p e t c BaciXelc 6id TOUTO r t a p e d p a p e v 6 eiiaYYeXiorric,' ev 5e Tfj eoxdrri pepidi KafMc yevedc deKCtreocrapac a u T d c elvai ecpqcev, OTI TOV xpovov Tfjq aixpaXuiaiac. eic y e v e d v eracEv- in Si Kai aurov r d v Xpicrrov, rcavraxd8ev o u v d n r u v i j p i v a i i r d v .

for these three kings, then, this is why the evangelist omitted them. But as he proceeded down in the last part, he said that these were 14 generations, because he arranged the period of the captivity as a generation, as well as Christ himself, in this way joining him to us in every way.

2-4

Barhebr., H o r . Myst. (105 Carr) Africanus reckons fifty persons from Abraham to Christ. And in

all the codices of Luke, which are read in the holy Church, there are fifty and six, and so from Adam to our Lord seventy and six. And as the natural genealogy of the Gospel of Matthew from Abraham to Joseph is forty persons, Joash and Amaziah quomodo so the book of the Kings has forty and four, that is to say, when Ahaziah and and Eliakim who is the same as Jehoiakim are added. Dionysius Bar Salibi, Sedlacek) Africanus et Eusebius tertium ponunt Melchi; tertius sit ante Iosephum? scriptum est: 'Iosephi, filii Heli, filii Melchi.' in eum: 'Iosephi, filii Heli, filii

Commentarii in Evangelia (44,7-26 etiam Matthan autem exemplaribus

syriacis Lucae quae habemus, quintum ponunt

Mathat, filii Levi, filii Melchi.' et rursus Africanus quinquaginta personas ponit in Luca ab Abrahamo ad Iosephum; in exemplaribus inquiramus. Christum, Gregorius secundum autem syriacis Lucae quinquaginta sex sunt, et opus est ut verum esse ab Adamo usque ad dicit in epistula exemplaria unum, h.e. 1 For this type of the Catena on Mt and its manuscript tradition, see Reuss 1941,42-45 (die "auf der Grundform aufgebaute Katene"), in particular pp. 43f for cod. Coisl. gr. 23, and pp. 46f on the quality of Cramer's edition of the codex ("Unter Beriicksichtigung der genannten Fehler ist die Ausgabe Cramers immerhin wissenschaftlich verwendbar"). Chrysostom's citation of the fifth book of the Chronographiae makes it clear that he is not referring to Africanus' discussion 1 cf. III Regn 22,52-54; I V Regn 1,1-16; 12,20-22; 15,1-7; 24; I I Par 20,35; 26,16-23; Sync. 220,20 221,6:224,16-23; 235,18-20 3,10-12 2-4 Io. Chrys., horn. 4 in Mt. ( P G 57,39,33-41) 3 cf. Mt 1,8; I Par 4 cf. D e u t 33,6-25; G e n 34,15-31 4 cbc. scripsimus (oorcep dpeXei K a i d Seorceaioc Mujuofjc rtercoir|Kv ev rale of Jesus' genealogy in the fragmentarily preserved Epistle to Aristides. It is difficult to know, however, whether Syriac excerpts from Africanus' treatment of Jesus' genealogy that are not attributed to a specific work refer to the Chronographiae or to a part of the epistle that does not survive elsewhere. Citations bearing close resemblances to Chrysostom's notice are provided in [CB] 1 TCep7iTU)] eKTU) B the third apparatus. Excerpts from Africanus' treatment of Jesus' genealogy that are not attested in the surviving portions of the epistle are given here as separate fragments (F90b.c). euXoyiaic, napaXircdiv B | noXXouc Routh noXXoi C B Theologus dicit septuaginta et septem generationes

genealogiam Lucae, qui retrograditur. et Iacobus Batnanensis si vero secundum verbum praedictorum doctorum, generationes

ad Maronem: ab Abrahamo secundum Lucam LVII. Evangelii LVII Christum, posuit. ab Abrahamo remanent

usque ad Christum XLII generationes sunt, sicut scripsit Matthaeus, et et secundum e LVII sunt ab Adamo usque ad Christum, restant nobis

quae habebant, LXXVII ad Christum,

sicut dixit Mar Iacobus. et si detrahimus

LVI ab Abrahamo ad Iosephum, non autem L , sicut dixit Africanus; et genuina quae sunt apud nos, et non est verax Africanus eo quod L tantum personas

sunt exemplaria syriaca,

272

Iulius Africanus

F90 Omissions in fesus' Genealogy

273

F 9 0 b Gregorius Barhebraeus, H o r r e u m M y s t e r i o r u m (3,9-12 Carr)


.T=J

F90b' And Africanus of Emmaus and Saint Severus say that these three the Evangelist o m i t t e d because t h e y derived t h e i r descent f r o m A t h a l i a h the sister o f A h a b , w h o also for h e r wickedness was called t h e d a u g h t e r o f Jezebel. But if it be so, why does he
mention A h a z and Manasseh who were more wicked?

rVcrAcn ^-lAcnA.i ^i)r<' iVioriflO nT*T i.xnQ


/

OPOIV-*IN

a CDC\Oo-i2ir'ci

CVUTJOCVM-<

en

X T CIVJ

A i - m i V chvo ^rC'.'i cn ^ w V . i cncrui rcliicK^.


1 u <

VMPC^

r-r"11,tr-g* Qcn rdlacn oAre'a ,nr'\ m\\ iQr<' ^OJrS' ,riT, ^i\-iA\J?3 icrii.cnrc' ^ I T 1-1 i.cru.1 rr*Tl^a^o

F70

F 9 0 c Gregorius Barhebraeus, H o r r e u m M y s t e r i o r u m (134,13-18; 136,4-6 C a r r ) v > j o n v Q cVicVvA^S) =


/

F90c
And Africanus, a compiler of genealogies, says that EH the Son o f M a t t h a t and Jacob the

lAcni Ti^nr K'^vaHx..! rtM\-ii**> OOP^int-t^rtf'o


^CKTTD

^OcrijcV-r< TjAuaorC r 6 u i ^ : 0 i-fcKOOrt' crlax.:i r i i a r ^ ^=> riiirS' J* t^b A O O . r - ^ i c r i ^rao. >mcuA m i a

son o f M a t h a n were brothers o n the side o f the m o t h e r whose n a m e was Estha, and i n o n e codex Esther. W h e n E l i d i e d w i t h o u t sons, Jacob his b r o t h e r t o o k her t o w i f e according to the l a w f o r t h e p r o v i s i o n o f sons, a n d begot f r o m h e r Joseph. H e n c e Joseph was t h e n a t u r a l son o f Jacob, as M a t t h e w says, and the legal s o n o f E l i , as Luke says. [ . . . ]
Africanus says that according to the tradition which he received from the Hebrew genealogists, E l i ,

v^rc* oncncKlr-eli jonojurt' j c n \ ro-iml rr*i 1 -i rtfi.i iAcn eh-i^z) .v^o oo.cn .-uaiVo rVi \ -i oVynm\ ricocLSai a o n s .i rr*i 11 > even ... .r<lnoA -CJOK'.i vype* >Acn.i riuaocLiJaJ i V i a o icK^o iisors'.T

M a t t h a t a n d Levi were b r o t h e r s , sons o f M e l c h i , a n d not, as L u k e saysEli t h e .,oA i = <^<^\ ~73Q T 3 >Acn riooA son o f M a t t h a t , a n d M a t t h a t t h e son o f L e v i .

1-9

cf. ep. Arist. ( 5 9 - 6 2 Reichardt); Dionys. Sal., comm. E v . (37,5-26 Sedlacek); Exp. off. 1,8

2 cf.

Aug., retract. 2,7,2

T h e translations are taken from C a r r 1925.

274

Iulius Africanus T91 The Arrival of the Magi

T91 The Arrival of the Magi

275

T91

Agapius

M a b b u g e n s i s , H i s t o r i a universalis ( P O

11/1,

132,10 -

133,3

Vasiliev) As to the king of the Persians who had sent the Magi, he was named Faransun. In the 4 4
1 th

^jtyk\

dLJjl

l_)jl=*i dy^iji

<uH j l T <0l ( j - y k \ ILJU

cJUi ^ d l i

L.lj

year of

Augustus, these Magi came to Christ, who, according to the statement of some, was already two years of age. B u t C y r i l a n d A f r i c a n u s t o g e t h e r w i t h s o m e others r e p o r t t h a t C h r i s t was seven days o l d w h e n the M a g i a r r i v e d . T h i s o p i n i o n seems to be m o r e p r o bable, since i n t h e **l l_jUs- , J | ^jyOLA SipjJlj ^ j ^ l p i c t u r e s and images i n m a n y churches, we have f o u n d the

M a g i and the s h e p h e r d s d e p i c t e d at the side o f C h r i s t a n d his m o t h e r M a r y .

1 cf. C y r . , Os.-Mal. 2,133s; Cyr., fr. Mt. 12 [ A B C ] 2 Desgens racontent que le Christ etait age de deux arts. Quant aux savants, auxphilosophies et a Vauteur de ce livre, Us disentqu'au moment de I'arrivee des Mages, le Christ avait sept jours A

T92

The Date

of the

Incarnation

T92.

Paschale C a m p a n u m a n n o 4 6 4 - 5 9 9 , E p i t o m a t e m p o r u m et

indiculum

Josephus, then, who published the Antiquities in 20 books, recorded 5605 years from the beginning of the world up to the 14 year of Domitian Caesar. I u l i u s A f r i c a n u s , w h o s e five volumes o n c h r o n o l o g y are first man i n c i r c u l a t i o n , estab
th

Pascae ( 7 4 5 , 7 - 1 8 M o m m s e n ) Iosephus igitur, q u i X X antiquitatum edidit libros, ab exordio mundi usque ad quartum decimum annum D o m i t i a n i Caesaris annos V D C V scribsit. Iulius Africanus, cuius quinque de temporibus extant volumina, a primo

lished i n h i s w r i t i n g 5500 years f r o m t h e Lord.


2

to the I n c a r n a t i o n o f t h e

Prosper the presbyter sets forth 5228 years up to the 15

th

year of Tiberius Caesar, that is in the con

h o m i n e u s q u e ad d o m i n i i n c a r n a t i o n e m annos V D s t i l o t e r m i n a v i t . 5 Prosper presbyter usque ad annum X V Tiberi Caesaris, id est duobus Geminis, quo dominus Iesus Christus passus est, annos V C C X X V I I I exponit. In chronica Eusebi Caesariensis episcopi, quam beafus Hieronymus i n Latinam linguam vertit et nonnulla quae omissa videbantur, adiecit, a principio mundi usque ad X I I I I Valentis annum, id est usque ad consulatum eius sextum et Valentiniani iterum, annos V D L X X V I I I I legimus. 10 Orosius presbyter in septimo ad Augustinum libro ab initio mundi usque ad tempora Honori annos V D C X V I I I adserit. 1 3s - * T l l , 4 s ; T 1 3 a , 2 s ; F14; F15.12-15; T80d,3-5; T93c,8-10 Is Ios., ant. Iud. 20,267 3s cf. Hipp., Dan. 4,23,3 250,24-26 10s Oros., hist. 7,43,19 5s Prosp., chron. 386-388 7 - 9 Eus., c a n . " 2 [ V W ] 1 Iosephus V iosippus W 2 annum...annos V Domitiani Caesaris ann. W 3 quinque V cumque W 4 incarnationem W incarnatione V | annos M o m . < V anni W 5 Prosper W Prosperius V | quo V quod W 7 Eusebi] eusevi V eusebii W 8 adiecit M o m . adiecta V W 9 iterum V tercium W
Hi

sulship of the two Gemini, at which time the Lord Jesus Christ underwent the Passion. In the chronicle of Eusebius bishop of Caesarea, which blessed Jerome translated into the Latin language and to which he added some material that appeared to be left out, we read 5579 years from the beginning of the world up to the 14 year of Valens, that is up to his sixth consulship and the second of Valentinian. In his seventh book to Augustine, Orosius the presbyter affirms 5618 years from the beginning of the world up to the times of Honorius.
,h

For 42 Augustus as the date of Jesus' birth, see inter alia Eus., h.e. 1,5,2; Eus., c a n . 169 ; Epiph., haer. 2,288,19-23. Africanus' chronology also presupposes this date (and he seems to be the first to establish it). According to F89,56f, 14 Augustus corresponds to A M 5472; hence, 42 Augustus = A M 5500. For the visitation of the magi two years after Jesus' birth, see Epiph., haer. 2,288,7-9. The fact that the description of the other chronicles and histories encompasses their entire chronological scope may mean that the author believed that Africanus' Chronographiae exten ded only as far as the Incarnation in A M 5500. Although the Incarnation does mark an important event in Africanus' reckoning, the Chronographiae continued well beyond this point, to the reign of Elagabalus, see introduction, p. X V I I .

Hltc

276

Iulius Africanus

F93 The Passion and Resurrection of the Savior

277

F93
Eus. : E u s e t i u s , Eclogae propheticae 3,26 ( c o d . V i n d . t h e o l . gr. 29, f. 3 9 - 4 0 151,
2 1 v r

F93 =

The Passion and Resurrection

of the

Savior

0 - 153,11 Gaisford) Demonstratio evangelica 8,2,46-54 ( 3 7 4 , 2 8 - 3 7 7 , 9 Heikel),

Eus. : E u s o i u s ,

l i n d t H i e r o n y m u s , C o m m e n t a r i a i n D a n i e l e m 3,9,24 ( 1 4 5 - 2 2 3 G l o r i e ) S y n c : G e o r g i u s Syncellus (391,1 - 393,30 To 5e K u 9 ' Mosshammer) C o n c e r n i n g each o f his deeds a n d his cures, b o t h o f bodies a n d souls, a n d the E K a o t o v T U J V Ttpd^EUJv aurou K a i SspaTteiujv auipdTwv Kai \ ) / U X U J V dnoKpucnajv, dvaoTdaecbc T E Tfjc E K VEKpuJv Kai secrets o f k n o w l e d g e , a n d h i s r e s u r r e c t i o n f r o m the dead, t h i s has been explain ed w i t h complete adequacy t o his disciples a n d apostles before us. A m o s t ter r i b l e darkness fell over a l l t h e w o r l d , the rocks were t o r n a p a r t b y an earth quake, a n d m a n y places b o t h i n Judaea a n d the rest o f the w o r l d were t h r o w n down. I n t h e t h i r d b o o k o f h i s Histories, In m y o p i n i o n , this is nonsense.
2

T U J V rfjc. yxbaeaq

aurapKEarara

rote, Ttpo T ^ G J V uaGqraic T E K a i dTCoaroXotc aurou SEoqXtoTai. K a 8 ' 6 X o u T O U


K o a p o u CJK(>TOC ETtrjyETo (po(3pujTaTov, asiopcp T E ai TtErpai 5ippqyvuvTO K a i

xit T t o \ X d T ( T ) 6 a i a c T E Kai rfjc XoiTtfjc yqc; K a T p p i 9 q .


TOUTO I O O K O T O C EKXEUJ/LV T O U qXiou O d X X o c dTCOKaXa E V rpiTn T U J V i a r o -

T h a l l u s calls t h i s darkness a solar eclipse. For the Hebrews celebrate the Passover o n

ptciv, cbc e|toi 5 O K E T , dXoyoJC. 'E|3paToi yap dyouor T O ndaxa K a r a aEXfyvqv i 5 ' , npo Se pia< T O O 10 ndaxa T d rapi T O V oujTfipa crup(kuvt. EKXEUJ/IC 5 E q X i o u qXiov yiverai- dSuvarov 6 E E V aXXto X P
0 V t

oe\r\-

L u n a 14, a n d w h a t h a p p e n e d to the Savior o c c u r r e d one d a y before the Pas sover. B u t an eclipse o f t h e s u n takes place w h e n t h e m o o n passes u n d e r the s u n . T h e o n l y t i m e w h e n t h i s can h a p p e n is i n the i n t e r v a l b e t w e e n the first day [of t h e n e w m o o n ] a n d t h e p r e c e d i n g day, w h e n t h e y are i n c o n j u n c t i o n . H o w t h e n c o u l d one believe a n eclipse t o o k place w h e n the m o o n was almost i n o p p o s i t i o n to the sun? So b e i t . Let w h a t h a d h a p p e n e d beguile the masses, a n d let t h i s w o n d e r f u l sign a l l o v e r the w o r l d be considered a solar eclipse t h r o u g h a n < e r r o r > due t o the o p t i c a l i l l u s i o n .

vric, t)TteX9ci3anc T 6 V

P TtXqv E V T U J

peTai;u picif K a i rfjc 7tp6 auTqc, K a r a rqv crdvoSov aurqv dno(3fjvat. nuJc ouv E K Xenjnc vo[aio"9eiq K a r a StdpETpov O X E S O V unapxouaqc Tfjc aEXqvqc f|Xiu>; E O T U J 6rj, auvapraCeTuj T O U C TTOXXOUC T O ysyEvqpEvov K a i T O KoapiKOv TEpac q X i o u <Xi\j/ic UTDVoeiaQuj E V rfj K a r a rqv ovj/iv <nXdvn>.

test: 1 i n c . S y n c . [AB x = C O T V Par. 1336]: AcppiKavou Ttepi ttliv K a r a r d a a i r q p i o v rtctSoc, K a i Ciooitoidv d v d r r a a i v 3-19 Cecil (331,16 - 332,8 Bekker) Kai AcppiKavoc; Se ioropelKar'

rqv

ahrny rr\v r\uepav rov ncxdovq

OKOTOC; Ka9"

<\ov rov K d o p o u cpo|3epuYraTov yeveoOai. oeiapcp r e a i Tterpai Sieppqyvuvro, K a i rcoX-

Xit rfjc yfjc. K<reppiq>q. TOUTO T6 oxdroc, KXen)nv f|Xiou oi 'IovSaioi KaXovoiv, dXdycuc cbc, epoi Kai rfj cWrjOeia SOICE! 'Eppaioi y a p dyouoi TO Ttdoxa K a r a OEXqvqv, rcpd 6e rfjq pidc. tou rcdcrxa r d Ttepi Tdv otorfjpa ouveJT], JSKXEIXJ/TC Se qXiou n j c aeXf|vr|c aiirov UTTEX9OUOT|C yiverai, d6uvarov 6e ev dXXai Xpdvu) itXf)v 4r rtp peracu vovpnviaq Kai Tf|c n p d aurfjc K a r d r q v caivoSov aurnv dTtoPqvai- TKSC, ovv EKXEI\|/IC. voLii<0Eiq K a r a 8idperpov oyeSbv uTcapxouaqc, r q c oeXnvnc f|Xfip; Ecru) Se ovvapu6(ov noXXoiq ro y e y e v i pievov, K a i KoapiKdv repac, rjXiou EKXEIXJ/IC, U7tovoeia9a) ex y e rfjc; K a r a rf|V 6\|/iv rtXdvr\q. Tic, Se r\ otvurvia aeiapu) K a i eKXei\(;ei Tterpaic, r e p q y v u p E v a i q Ka't dvaordoei veKpiov, r o a a u T n r e Kivncnc. K.o<|iiKq; ev youv TU> paKpcp xpovw TOIOUTOV TI oupBdv o u pepvnrai TIC. dXX' 9Eonoir|rov, 6 6 n rrjSe rfj fjuipa xbv Kupiov ouvEBn rtaSEiv. 2cf.Col2,3 >-5 c f . M t 27,45.51 6s Thallus FGrHist 256 F l 7 c f . E x o d l 2 , 6 8 c f . I o 19,31 2 yvcoceurc] yvtopnq T 2s a u r a p K E o r a r a roic,x a u r a p K E o r d r o i c , A B | TEBXSEA 7 6OKEI<C 5 r e < AB 1 T h e central parts of this fragment are very well attested by the two independent witnesses Eusebius and Syncellus. It therefore seems likely that the quality of the transmission is high also in the initial and final parts of the text which are known from one source only (mostly Syncellus). 2 For discussion of early Christian and non-Christian accounts of the darkness during Jesus' passion, see Xeres 1989. 6 rou < x 8 Ttdoxa + l i s earto... fjv OKOTOC

1 eepaTteui-vvx eeparaffiv B 4

ETtnyETO ( E T t e i y e r o A B O T V EyEvero Paris. 1336 yevEo9ai Cedr.

KatEppicpr] A s C e d r . KarEppi99r| B Karppf|tp9ei Paris. 1336 f|upac, P a r i s . . 3 3 6 rf]v auvoSovcurfic, Paris. 1336 eadem m a n u i
m

10 pidq ABxParis. 1336 vouptyviac, Cedr. | Ttpo...auTf]v A B x C e d r . Ttpurrnc, K a r a 11 imapxouar|c, A B x Cedr. unoxiopoucmc Paris. 1336 13s UTtovoEio0ci>.. .KXEI\|TIV < A , +

?io\Xouq A B X i O r a ) 6e ouvappo(ov itoXXoiq Cedr. < Paris. 1336

13 EV rfl Bx EV r i A17tXdvr| cf. Cedr. ( t e x t u s s u p r a i n app.)

278

Iulius Africanus

F93 The Passion and Resurrection of the Savior

279

<J>\,eycov i o x o p e i km T i ( 3 e p i o u K a i o a p o c ; 15 vtvai TsXeiav ano Kai EKXEIVI/EOI,

ev 7tavaeA.fjva) K X E U | / I V r j X i o u yeyocbpac c' pEXpic. 6', 8fjAov cbc; TauTnv. TIC; 5 ' rj KOivcovia a s i a p c p nerpaic; Te p n y v u p e v a i c ; K a i dvaaTdaei v e K p c b v , ToaauTri Te Kivrj0 V C

P h l e g o n records t h a t d u r i n g the r e i g n o f T i b e r i u s Caesar t h e r e was a c o m plete solar eclipse at f u l l m o o n f r o m the s i x t h t o t h e n i n t h h o u r ; i t is o b v i o u s that he is t a l k i n g a b o u t t h i s o n e .


3

B u t w h a t have eclipses t o d o w i t h an e a r t h

crei K o a p i K f j ; 'Ev CTKOTOC, 20

quake, r o c k s b r e a k i n g a p a r t w i t h the r e s u r r e c t i o n o f the dead, a n d a u n i v e r s a l TCO paKpcb X P P T O I O U T O V T I crup(5av o u

yodv.

pvnpoveueTai,

d X X ' rjv

disturbance o f t h i s n a t u r e ? C e r t a i n l y a n e v e n t o f such m a g n i t u d e has n o t b e e n recalled f o r a l o n g t i m e . But i t was a darkness c r e a t e d b y G o d , because i t h a p p e n e d t h a t t h e L o r d e x p e r i enced h i s passion at t h a t t i m e . A n d reason proves t h a t the 70 h e b d o m a d s m e n

0 e o 7 t o i r ) T o v , didTL T O V K u p i o v auve(3q TtaBeTv, K a i X o y o c , a i p e l O T I o ' e S -

d o p d S e c ; etc; T O U T O V a u v a i p o u v T a t T O V [...] 'H

vpdvov

ev

Tcb

AavirjX.

p e v ouv TtepiKonrj OUTCO ncbc; e x o u a a i c o X X d Te Kai 7 T . a p d d o a


a n

d ' cbv X P ^

p(

T 0 V C

- XP

0 V 0 V

">

p e 9 a . O T I pev 25

ovv

rcepi

Tfjc;

TOU

arypaivEi- v u v touToic; auvTEivovTa T O V X d y o v n o m a d X p i a T o v itapouaiac; X r y E T a i TadTa p e T d e ( 3 6 o p d K c t L r a

t i o n e d i n D a n i e l w e r e c o m p l e t e d i n this t i m e .

[...]
W h a t the s e c t i o n t h u s expressed means is b o t h a b u n d a n t a n d o u t o f t h e o r d i n a r y . B u t here w e w i l l m a k e the necessary e x a m i n a t i o n o f t h e t i m e s a n d t h e matters c o n n e c t e d w i t h t h e m . I t is clear t h a t c o n c e r n i n g the parousia o f the

d a c ; o ' p ^ X X O V T O C ; eTttcpatveaOai, S f j X o v ' im x

ydp T O U a a r r f j p o c ; fj d u d T O U T O U

xa

30

dpaprtat o u v T e X o u v T a i d i d Trjv dcpeaiv a'i T E d v o p i c u e J j i X a a p c b pTa TCOV ddiKicbv E c a X d c p o v T a i , 6iKaiocruvn T E aicbvioc; K O T a Y Y E X X e T a t n a p a Trjv E K v d p o u - dpdoEic; T E K a i npocpnTEiai pEXpic, ' I c o d w o u X p i e T a i d e ayioc; dyicov. n p d y a p Tfjc; xov acorfjpoc; rjpcbv n a p o u a i a c ; O U K o v r a TaiJTa T t p o a e d o K d T o pdvov. ' A p ^ a c r 9 a i 5rj rcbv d p i 0 p c b v , T O U T ' eaTiv TCOV O ' e(3obpd6cov, a eaTiv exr\ u p ' , 6 a Y y e X o c ; \jnoTi6eTai cmb ei;65oi) X d y o u T O U ditoKpi6fjvai K a i T O U oiKodopfjaai TcapaTt-rcbpaTa
rtaXaiouTai, K a i a i

C h r i s t i t states t h i s , t h a t i t is d u e to appear after 70 h e b d o m a d s . F o r i n t h e t i m e o f o u r Savior, o r after h i m , transgressions are a n n u l l e d a n d sins e n d e d b y r e m i s s i o n , i n i q u i t i e s are b l o t t e d o u t by a p r o p i t i a t i o n together w i t h u n r i g h t e o u s ness, eternal r i g h t e o u s n e s s is p r o c l a i m e d s u r p a s s i n g that o f t h e l a w v i s i o n s

a n d prophecies u n t i l J o h n , a n d the H o l y o f h o l i e s is a n o i n t e d . For before o u r Savior's parousia, And t h e s e t h i n g s d i d n o t exist b u t w e r e o n l y expected.

the angel e x p l a i n s we must b e g i n c o u n t i n g , t h a t is t o say the 7 0 h e b

d o m a d s , w h i c h are 4 9 0 years, f r o m the g o i n g f o r t h o f the w o r d o f answer a n d test.: Sync. 20 des. Sync, ( s e q u i t u r 1. 54) 22 inc. Eus. : raiv eic rdc 7tpoKEiuevac EpVSopddac emBe1

BAqKdrcov pxdvov i'aucv Acppiicavdv dKpiBearaxa KOI pdAXov rtapd TOUC Xoirtouc ETtiTETEuypEvux; T E 9eu)pq<dTa- Kai 6rj poi SOKE! d v a y K a t o v E l v a i rcpiirov aurou rijv eic TOUC TOTTOUC difjytiaiv eic paov AyayEiv, e I 9 ' OUTCDC 7tiaK\j/aa8ai, st TI dpa K a l auroi 6uvaip9a avp(3aXea9ai T<I) Xdycu. ypdtpei 8f| ouv ev TceprtTai TCOV xpovoypa9icov Kard XE^IV oihxoc- et Eus. : K a l ertEidq TtpoaiJKei ouyxpfio9ai pev Euyvtou.ovo'OvTac TOIC KOXUJC U9' E T E p w v eipqpevoic, pq prjv drtocrrepelv TOUC narEpac TUJV E K y d v w v pqSe roue rtptirouc 9u<oa>vTac Tfi>v oiKeiuiv cmEppdrcov, rdc aurou rtapaSfjaopai XECEIC. 9Epovrai 6e a u r a l AcppiKavoD iv Tip rcEprcru) TUJV Xpovoypa9id)v, TOUTOV EXOUOCU rdv Tpdrtov14s T 9 3 a 22 - 25 - * F 7 8 2 5 - 2 9 Leo Gr. (46,11-14 Bekker) oreTtaXaiourai TO itapdriTiupa K a i dpapa Kai npoftjTeva Kai xpierai dyia dyiaiv, r o u r a r n v ini 3 1 - 3 4 F78; F79 i&Taoai BovXndein 3 1 - 3 5 Leo Gr. TOV Xdyov Kai SiapiB2

auvTEXeirat f| dpapria Kai ocppayi(eTat

Trjv T O U JCpicrov rcapouoiav Kai Ttjv Xoinrjv npayuaTeiav. (46,4-9 Bekker) Kai a Tiq aKpt/Scbq Tibv iBSouaSwv prjoao9ai iniTpandq Toiiq

vpovot)c, dpt;dpevoc a n d e^ddou Xdyou K a r a rov npo(ff\Tnv TOU oiKodopqBfjvat

'IepouaaXrjpi, rouretrnv and Neepiou viov AveA/j, TOU dpxioivoxdou Apra^Ep^ou, dq a^iiboaq Kai datiotv oiKodopfjocov TdTepoodXupa. 28 cf. L c 16,16 par 3 1 - 3 3 Dan 9,25 9 3 14 cpXE-ycov Bx 9Xeyov A 15 ptxptc A B dxpic x 16 nerpaic TE Cedr. K a l TtETpaic Paris. 1336 rterpaic ABx 16s Kivqoei Routh Kivqoic Sync. 19 OKOTOC OeoTroiqrov AB Cedr. Paris. 1336 - x 23 T E < E u s .
2

14s Phleg. Trail. FGrHist 257 F16 2 6 - 29 cf. Dan 9,24

Contra Routh, ad l o c , the identification of Phlegon's eclipse with the darkness at noon at the time of the Crucifixion (Mt 27,45-54) need not be treated as a later gloss. Africanus accepts the idea, commonly held by early Christian writers (see, for example, Origen, Cels. 2,33), that Phlegon and Matthew's gospel described the same event. But he rejects Phlegon's characteri zation of it as a naturally recurring phenomenon.

19s EB6O| did + 6e 4

pddEc eic < C Eus.


2

22 TtEpiKOTtf).. .Exouoa capitulum, quod in Daniele de septuaginta hebdomadibus legi26 T E < Eus.'
1 2

mus Hier. | a q p a i v E i + quae nunc longum est dicere Hier.

2 7 fe^tXeicpovrai Eus. d n a X i 9 0 V T a i Eus.'(cf. Dan. 9,24 drtaXi\(/ai) 31 dq] 6E Eus.


2

28 rtapd < Eus.' | dpd-

The continuation of the analysis of Dan 9,24-27 after the lacuna suggests that the portion of Africanus' text apparently lost in the gap between Syncellus' excerpt (11. 1-20) and Eusebius' (11.22-53) could not have been substantial.

<TtC...'Iodv-vou] et impleta est uisio et prophetia quia lex et prophetae usque ad Ioannis baptisma Hier. 2 9 6 e < Eus.' | ijpdiv < Eus.'

280 'IepouaaXfjp35

Iulius Africanus cruveBn Se r a u r a eni Aptai;epc;ou T O U Uepow\ BaatXeuovToc; eiTOUTOU

F93 The Passion and Resurrection of the Savior f r o m t h e b u i l d i n g o f Jerusalem. T h i s t o o k place i n the 2 0
t h

281 year o f A r t a x e r x e s ,

Koatcp etei. N e e p i a c , y d p 6

oivoxooc, SeqGeic, dnoKpiaecbc; r e

etu^ev

OIKO-

k i n g o f Persia. For N e h e m i a h h i s cup-bearer made the request, a n d received t h e answer t h a t Jerusalem s h o u l d be r e b u i l t , a n d the o r d e r w e n t f o r t h t o c a r r y i t out. F o r u n t i l t h a t date t h e c i t y lay desolate. For w h e n C y r u s after the 7 0
t h

SopqGfjvai I e p o u a a X f j p , Kai Xoyoc; ecflXGev KeXeucov TauTapaXcoaiac,

pexpi

y a p eKeivou aix-

T O U x p o v o u x] rcoXic; fjpfjpcuTo. K u p o u y d p p e t d Tqv eBSopqKOVTaeTiav xfjc;


TC&V

year

BouXopevcuv e K a a t o v EKOuoracrri Karanepij/avToc;, o i p e t d ' I n o o u

o f t h e C a p t i v i t y allowed e v e r y one w h o w i s h e d to r e t u r n v o l u n t a r i l y , those w i t h Jeshua t h e h i g h priest a n d Z e r u b b a b e l w e n t back, a n d those afterwards w i t h E z r a , a n d were at first p r e v e n t e d f r o m b u i l d i n g the T e m p l e , a n d f r o m s u r r o u n d i n g t h e c i t y w i t h a w a l l , as n o order h a d been g i v e n for i t ; a n d so there was a d e l a y u n t i l N e h e m i a h a n d the 2 0 lem.
t h

T O U p e y d X o u iepecoc, K a i ZopoBdSeX KaTeXGovrec;, K a i o i era T O U T O I C ; a p a " E t p a , T 6 V vecbv o i K o 5 o p e t v eKCuXuovro t d n p d r r a , K a i Telxoc, Tfj noXei nepi(3aXeiv, cbc, 40 oil K e K e X e u o u e v o u T O U T O U . epeivev ouv ecoc; N e e p i o u K a i (3aatXeiac; Aprai;epc;ou etKoaaeTouc;, I l e p a c b v Se f|yepoviac; erouc; nevreKaiSeKdTou K a i EKaToaTou, d n o Se Tfjc; dXcbaecoc; I e p o u a a X f j p pne' txr\. K a i
TOTE

year o f the reign o f A r t a x e r x e s a n d t h e 1 1 5

th

BaaiXeuc, ApTat;epc;nc, eKeXeuaev epyou npoaTr|, rj Se

year o f the Persian E m p i r e . A n d t h i s was 185 years f r o m the t a k i n g o f Jerusa I t was t h e n that K i n g A r t a x e r x e s gave the order for t h e city t o be b u i l t . A n d N e h e m i a h was sent t o take charge o f the w o r k , a n d the b u i l d i n g was i n large scale a n d s u r r o u n d e d b y w a l l s , as i t h a d been prophesied. A n d f r o m t h a t date t o [the c o m i n g o f ] Christ, the 70 h e b d o m a d s are c o m p l e t e d i n o u r n u m b e r i n g . For i f w e b e g i n to c o u n t f r o m any o t h e r p o i n t b u t t h i s , n o t o n l y the dates

OLKoSopnOfjvat Tf|v n o X i v . Neepiac, Se KaTanepcpGeic; xov 45 e(3Sopd5ec; eic; T 6 V X p i a T o v auvTeXoOvrai.

oiKoSopfj T t X a x e i a K a i neprreixoc;, cbc; npoecpnTeufJn. KdKeiGev dpiGpouaiv fjpiv o '

Ei y a p a X X o G e v noGev dpiGpeiv dpc;aipe6a K a i O U K evTeuGev, oi5Te 6 xpovoc; a u v S p a p e i r a i , K a i nXeiaTa aTorca drcavTrjaei- edv Te y d p dno K u p o u K a i Tfjc;

npcoTnc; KaTanopTtfjc; Tfjv


50

dpxfjv nomacbpeGa

Tfjc, dpiGpfjaecoc;

TCOV

O ' e(35opd-

w i l l n o t agree, b u t very m a n y absurdities arise. If, for instance, w e b e g i n c o u n t i n g t h e 70 hebdomads f r o m C y r u s a n d the first M i s s i o n , t h e p e r i o d w i l l be t o o l o n g b y m o r e t h a n a century, i f f r o m the day the angel p r o p h e s i e d t o D a n i e l still l o n g e r , a n d l o n g e r still i f w e start f r o m t h e b e g i n n i n g o f the captivity. For w e f i n d t h e l e n g t h o f the Persian E m p i r e t o be 230 years, a n d o f t h e M a c e d o n i a n s 300, a n d f r o m t h e n t o the 1 6
t h

Scov, eTt| p ' K a i T t p o a e n Tteptaaeuei, TtXsicuv Se xpovoc,, ei dcp' fjc; fjpepac; Tcp A a vifjX 6 ayyeX,oc, TtpoecpfJTeuoev, TtoXXtb Se rtXeicov, ei a n ' dpxfjc; Tfjc; aixpaXcoaiac;. euptcncopev yap xryv Flepacbv |3aoiXeiav e r e a i v aX' Tteptypacpopevriv, Tfjv Te M a KeSovcov eic; sxr\ x' TtapaTeivouoav, KdKeiGev e n i T O T i B e p i o u Kataapoc; TOC; B K KaiSeKaTov {eic;} err] A r t o 6e A p T a t ; e p i ; o u a i o' e(3SopdSec; eic; T O V eni XpioToC auvTeXouvTai 55 xpov o v K a r a Toucj'IouSaiaiv dpiGpouc,. d n o y d p N e e p i o u , 6c; u n ' ApTai;ept;ou Tf]v'Ie-

year o f T i b e r i u s Caesar 60 years.

A c c o r d i n g t o the c a l c u l a t i o n s o f t h e Jews, the 70 h e b d o m a d s are c o m p l e t e d f r o m A r t a x e r x e s up t o t h e t i m e o f C h r i s t . For f r o m N e h e m i a h , w h o was sent b y

test.: Eus. Eus.

5 4 inc. Sync. [AB x = C O T V z< ->=PQMRS t=xz]: K a i ue6' ixepa-

us

43s Sync. (299,13s Moss.)'H 8k d)Ko8oufj9r| itXaTeia Kai TtepiTeixoc, Kcrra rr)v npopprjaiv Aavtr)\ rod npo<prjrov. 51 > T6.15 51s - > T6.16; F86,22s; F89,53s 33s cf. I I Esdr 12,1 3 4 - 3 6 cf. I I Esdr 12,5-9 3 6 - 4 0 cf. II Par 36,22s; I Esdr 2; 5,1-7,5 4 2 - 4 4 cf. II Esdr 12,5s 43s cf. D a n 9,25 47s cf. I Esdr 2,1-11 51s Sync. 314,16-24 54-66 cf. Aldhelmus Malmesbiriensis, de metris 69,19-24 33 TOU < Eus. 3 4 oivoxdoc + sicut in Ezrae libro legimus Hier. | re < Eus. 35 pexP + ^ ^ s. 36 rjpfjpairo] vicinarum gentium patebat incursibus Hier. 40 epeivev + imperfectum opus Hier. o5v + dreXec H e i k e l (cf. Eus., dem. ev. 8,2,62), + oiiroic Routh 41 dKoaaerouc] K a i Tfjc Eus. 1 Se < Eus. [ erouc- E K a r o o r o u ] TtevTEKaideKdrcp Kai e K a r o a r a ) Eus. 42 ETT| + yiverai Eus. 43 de ] TE Eus. 44 oiKoSopij] cpKo6opfj8r| Eus. | TtEpiTEixoc] rtEpiTEixoc Eus. | die npoe<prrru&Y| < Hier. 47s K a i . . .Karanoprifjc] et prima eius indulgentia, qua Iudaeorum est laxata captiuitas Hier. 48s 0dopddiov + EIC E u s . 52 T'] TpiaKdoia E|36opfJKovTa Eus. | rcaparEivoucrav] n a p a T E f v a a a v Eus. 52s Ti(3epiou. ..EKKaidEKarov + quandopassus est Christus Hier. 52s ETOC EKKaidEKarov - Eus. , annum quintum decimum Hier. 53 eic delevimus (sicut Heikel) eioi Routh | err)!;' + qui simulfaciunt annos quingentos nonaginta, ita ut centum supersint anni Hier. 54 ai < Sync.:A Eus. 55 Ka r a . . . dpiSuouc] iuxta lunarem Hebraeorum supputationem, qui menses non iuxta solis sed iuxta lunae cursum numerant Hier. 55s dnd...|3aaiXiac] nam a centesimo et quinto decimo anno regni Persarum Hier.
2 2 1 2 1 1 2 1 2 2 2 1 2 1 1 2 1 v u 2

This calculation shows that the time-span from the proposed terminus a quo is roughly correct: 115 years Persians (230-115) + 300 Macedonians + 60 Romans = 475 years. In what follows, Africanus explains the difference between these 475 years and the number 490 ("70 hebdo mads") which one would expect from the prophecy. On this problem and the intricate calcu lations deriving from it, see Fraidl 1883; Schwartz 1895,25-27; Burgess 2006,39-42; Mossham mer 2006,86-89.

282

Iulius Africanus

F93 The Passion and Resurrection of the Savior

283
t h

poucraAijp. dvoiKurcov 7Tpcp0r| ApTa^ep^ov


K ' ETEI,

E T E I TCO I E '

Kai p ' Tfjc; IlEpacuv (3aoiXiac;, auTou 5' 8',


ETU T O U T O V T O V

Artaxerxes t o resettle Jerusalem i n the 1 1 5 year o f t h e Persian empire, the 2 0 year o f Artaxerxes, t h e f o u r t h year o f the 8 3 was the second year o f t h e 2 0 2
n d 6 r d t h

th

OXuprcidSoc; ny'

ETEI

yjxrvov, 6c; fjv


ETOC

O l y m p i a d , u n t i l this t i m e , w h i c h

'OXup7tid5oc; a(3' hoc; SEUTEpov, T i B s p i o u


50

SE

Kaiaapoc; fjvEpoviac;

iq', ETn
K0' U OE-

O l y m p i a d , t h e 1 6 year o f the reign o f T i b e r i u s

auvdyeTaL UOE', dnep'E|3paiKd u o ' exr\ yivETat, K a r a TOV o s X q v i a t o v pfjva roue; sviauTouc; EKEivcov el;api0poupvcov, 6c;
TOU KUKXIKOU ECTTI,

Caesar, there is a t o t a l o f 475 years. T h i s represents 490 H e b r e w years, since they n u m b e r t h e i r years according to the l u n a r m o n t h , w h i c h is c o m m o n l y said to be 29 Vi. days. F o r t h e cycle of the solar year is 365 % days, a n d the t w e l v e - m o n t h l u n a r cycle is 11 Vt days less.
7

cbc; 7tp6)(ipov EircElv, fjpEpcbv


TE'

eviairrou

TOU

Ka0'

fjXiov uTtdpxovroc; fjpEpcbv

6', Trjv Kara


ETEOIV

Xr|vr|v 6co5eKdpnvov TtapaXXdaaEiv fjpspac; ta' Kai 8'. A i d ToiJTO Kai "EXXnvEc; Kai ' I o u S a i o i TpElc; pfjvac; EpBoXipouc; E p B d X A o u c n v . OKtdKic; yap Td ta' 8' 65 ETn cruvdyeTai ie'- tauTa Mr) 8f\
TIC; SE TCOIEI

n' rcap-

For this reason, b o t h the Greeks a n d the Jews insert three intercalary m o n t h s every eight years. F o r 11 Vt m u l t i p l i e d b y 8 makes a p e r i o d o f three m o n t h s .
9 8

Tpipiyvov. Ta Toivuv u o e ' ETn oKTasTiai


ETEOIV,

pv y i v o v - r a i v 0 ' Kai {pfjvEt;} y ' , cbc; Tpipfjvou EpftoXipou Tfj OKTaeTia yivopsvr|c;, Ttpoc;
TOIC; UOE'

Therefore, 475 years c o m e t o 59 eight-year p e r i o d s , r e m a i n d e r t h r e e ; since there are three i n t e r c a l a r y months i n an octaeteris, this adds u p t o 15 y e a r s . A d d e d to the 475 years, t h e y make 70 h e b d o m a d s . So let n o - o n e c o n s i d e r us unversed i n a s t r o n o m i c a l calculation f o r h a v i n g postulated a c a l c u l a t i o n o f 365 V* days. A n d i t is n o t out o f i g n o r a n c e o f the t r u t h , b u t because o f t h e c o m p l e x i t y o f the a r g u m e n t , that we have c o n d e n s e d the calculation. For those w h o seek t o examine e v e r y t h i n g i n rigorous detail, the f o l l o w i n g
1 1 10

ai o ' (35opd5c, auvTEXouvrai.

fjtiac

TCOV K O T '

daTpovopiav dpiGpcbv dTCEipouc. d v a i vopi(Tco,

T ^ E ' f|UpcDv K a i 6' TcpoTETaxsvai auTfjv. ovSe y a p d y v o i a TdXnOouc;, Sid SE tfjv XertToXoy Cav T O \|/r|cpi(6pvov auvETEpopEV. 70 Tote; S e in' a.Kpi(3ec; rtdvTa rtEipcopEvoic; E^ETd^Eiv K a i xovQ' cbc; EV Bpaxei rtapaKEiCT0co.
TO

pev

ETOC;

ETtinav

EKOOTOV EOTIV

fjpEpcbv TC,E', Kai fjpEpac. Kai r a E'. pETacu


S E TOU

VUKTOC; TOV

Etc; EWEaKaiSsKaTov 6iaip0i0r|c; ppr|

TOUTCOV

Xrjysiv

EViauTdv fjpEpcb-v T^E' S' K a i T 6 V a n d 10' Tfjc; vuv0tippou ppcov e' eic Td UOE' fjuEpai T O TtapdXXr]X6v Eiaiv c;' K a i S'. ETI y prjv t 6 v Tfjc; 0Xfjvr|e; pfjva K a r a
75

w i l l serve as a b r i e f s u m m a r y . additional / 475 365


5 1 9

Each year consists o f a total o f 365 days, a n d a n

o f a day, i f w e divide day a n d n i g h t i n t o 19 parts. O v e r a p e r i o d o f


12

Tf]v dKptB>fj XETtToXoyiav EupioxopEV K0' U , qpepac; Kai pepn a X e ' .


TOUTCOV

VUKTOC;

SiaipeGeianc; Eic;

years, the difference between the year o f 365 V* days i n l e n g t h a n d t h a t o f V19 days comes t o 6 V* days. W e find f u r t h e r t h a t a lunar m o n t h , accor
13

Td ( ' u , a yiveTai EVEVI]KOOTOTETapTa r p i a . Kai TafiTa rcepi

oAiycov x.p6vcov KatayivETai.

d i n g t o the m o s t m i n u t e c o m p u t a t i o n , is 29 i days a n d an a d d i t i o n a l f r a c t i o n o f 7 Vi d i v i d e d b y 235 w h i c h represents % o f a d a y .


4

A n d this is a m a t t e r o f a

short d u r a t i o n o f t i m e .

6 test.: E u s . E u s . Sync. 66 des. Eus. : t a u r a u e v 6 TCpo8qXu)8eic dvfip eic rode T6TCOUC em&e(3\r|Kev et Eus. : r a O r a p e v ouv AcppiKavoc.
2 1 2 1

There would be 474 years from Ol. 83,4 to O l . 202,2. T h e difference is usually explained by the hypothesis that Africanus is counting "inclusively", i.e. including the first and the last year. However, this is not normally Africanus' way of calculating. It seems more plausible to assume that he did his calculations on the basis of years from Adam rather than Olympiads: A M 5532 AM 5057 = 475. For the year A M 5057 as the date of the rebuilding of Jerusalem, see the chro

59-64 cf.
56

p s . Sym. f. 61" = Cedr. 343,18-23


1 2

nological system in the appendix and the introduction, p. X X I X . d v o i K i c c o v E u s . sic Di. dvoiKo6opijoci)v E u s . dvoiKijacov Sync.:Bx evoiKijacov S y n c . A | etei rep]
1

Africanus tries to explain the difference between 475 and 490 with the hypothesis that the prophet uses a Hebrew lunar year for his calculation. This year is shorter than the usual solar year. It con sists of 12 months, 29 Vi days each, i.e. 354 days; that is 11 V4 days less than the solar year of 365 Vt,

erd rep ( T O A . B ) Sync. | TCO < Eus.

Eus.

| 6'] re Eus. Eus.


1 1

57 ApTacepcou + |JaaiAeiac Eus. Eus.


2

K' Tei S y n c . : B O T V K' irr\ S y n c . A C | e r e i + Kai Eus. Eus. | TOOTOIV TCOV xpdvcov Sync. 58 of>'] o|}' Sync. | ero<;'...fjyepoviac < Sync.:T | Tu3eptou 5e - Sync. | ic'] quintum decimum Hier. Eus.
2 2 1

59 ern <
2

8 9

11 Vt x 8 = 90 days = 3 months. The word pfjvec, attested in all witnesses, must be an early corruption. The original had either nothing (as suggested in the text) or ixr\ (as suggested by Routh). The sense must be that 475 years + 8 = 59, remainder 3 (sc. years).

| y i y v o v T a i Sync.:C | aeAnvialov E u s . Sync.:AB aeX.nvaIov Eus. Sync.ac | pfjva] 5pdpov Eus.


1 2 2

60 6c e o r i cue E u s . Eus. cbc ecrn Sync. | K9' CJ ] TpiaKooicuv TtVTf|K0VTa reaadpeov Eus.
1 1 2

61

TOU ]

OUTCOC r o u E u s . | KUK\iKOo...ijAiov Sync, TOU KUKXOU EUS. TOU IJAIOKOO KUKAOU Eus. 1 5'rfjv] S i d r d r f j v Syric.:T | Tf|v + ydp Eus. n v Sync.:C
2 2

62 fjpepaic E u s .
1 1 2

63 K a i < Eus. | epSoXiuouc ereaiv] epBdXipdc e o


1

10

The precise calculation would be: 59 leap years with 3 additional months each = 177 months, which are 14.75 years. I n addition, there would be 33.75 days of the remaining three years, which would lead to ca. 14.85 years.

64

dKtdKi Eus.
1 2

| rcoiei rpippvov cf. Hier.: nonaginta dies, hoc est tres menses, efficies
1 2

dicraETripiSec E u s . Eus. Eus.


1

65 pev < Eus. E u s . | pfjvec y'] pfjvec delevimus pfjvec y' Eus. pfjvec rpelc | yivopevr|c] yivovrai E u s .
1 1

E u s . S y n c . e T n , r p i a Routh | Tpiprjvou + 6e E u s . Eus. Eus.


2 2

66 auvdyerai <

11 12 13

In what follows, Africanus confirms his finding by repeating the same calculation, this time on the basis of the 19-year Metonic cycle. For the specifics, see Adler/Tuffin 2002,468f, n. 2. The calculation is correct: / i - Vt = V , and V
9 76 7 5 2 7 5 7S

ie' + oXiyaiv ijpepcov d n o d e o v T a yiverai Eus.


1

dXiycov fjpepcbv dnoSedvTcov yiyvovrai

E u s . plus minusve

Hier. | 8e] TE Sync. | uoe'] OE' Eus. | ai < Sync. | ouvTEAouvTai < Sync. 70 en' d K 72 eic Ax K a i eic B | XrjyEiv Moss. AiyEiv ABx

x 475 = 6 Vi.

piPec] ciKpi|3tbc C | ppax^t B C O V Ppaxi) T ypacpjj A

The (correct) equation ' / 3s = %t presupposes Schwartz' emendations (see app.; the manuscripts read %as for the first fraction). Over 475 years this would lead to a difference of about 15 days.

73 TOV M o s s , TCOV ABx 76 oXe' Schwartz oe' ABx | C Schwartz o' A B x | d < x

284

Iulius Africanus

F93 The Passion and Resurrection of the Savior

285

Z u u ( 3 a i v e i Se r o i v u v drcd Aprac;pE;ou (3aaiAe!ac; E T O U C K ' , cbc; ev rep "EaSpa nap' 'EPpaiotc, 80 o r a p Ka9' "EXXqvac fjv O X u p m d S o c oyodqKoaTfjc <Tptrqc> aP' r e r a p T o v E T O C , people; c' Kai i ' TipEpiou K a i a a p o c , o r a p rjv O X u p m d S o c

T h e r e f o r e , i t t u r n s out that f r o m the 2 0 f o u r t h y e a r o f the 8 3


t h 1 4

t h

year o f A r t a x e r x e s r e i g n , as i t is
th

d e s c r i b e d i n the Hebrews' b o o k o f E z r a ( w h i c h according t o t h e Greeks was t h e O l y m p i a d ) u n t i l the 1 6


n d

year o f T i b e r i u s Caesar ( w h i c h

ETOC, p>', m o " u v d y a 8 a i Td rcpoeipnpeva U O E ' , a yivETai K a 6 " E P p a i o u c ETT| U O ' , cbc, Ttpoipr|Tai,.TouT' E G T I V spSopdSfic o', KaGd TtpoecpqTsuGq rep A a v t q X U7i6 T O U raPpir|A. q X p i c r r o u 7tapouo(a. Ei S E Tcp 5 O K E I T d I E ' Erq Td'Eppa'iKd rcXdvqv EyyEvvav, pT' EKElva E'IC, q p a c
85

was t h e s e c o n d year o f the 2 0 2

O l y m p i a d ) , there are altogether the a f o r e m e n o f C h r i s t as i t

t i o n e d 4 7 5 years. As we stated previously, these are 490 years a c c o r d i n g to t h e H e b r e w s , that is 70 h e b d o m a d s , i n accordance w i t h the parousia was p r o p h e s i e d t o D a n i e l b y G a b r i e l . But i f i t is someone's o p i n i o n that these 15 Hebrew years p r o d u c e a n error, after these events up to o u r t i m e , nearly 200 years have elapsed a n d n o t h i n g o u t o f t h e o r d i n a r y has been r e c o r d e d i n the i n t e r i m . However, t h e one as w e l l as the h a l f - w e e k , w h i c h we suppose m u s t be added o n to c o m p l e t e t h e c o u l d also resolve and allay the c h r o n o l o g i c a l p r o b l e m o f the 15 y e a r s .
15

ETrj a' Eyyuc K a i O U S E V E V pfeco TtapdSocpv ioTopqrai. S u v a r a t S E Kai q p i a K a i


<r)>

rjpioEia

fepSopdc,

qv ETTI auvTEXetg TtapaXapPdveaflat

SEIV

imovooupEv,

n a p q y o p E l v T O V eTTicqroupEvov rcov is' E T U J V K a i Koucpifciv x p o v o v . O T I T E a u p PoXiKcoTEpov a i Tcpornqretai ecEvqvEypEvat T u y x d v o u a t SfjXov. O T I O O O V Se Ecp' fjpiv, 6p0ci>c o l p a t r q v ypacpqv 5c,dpe9a, e r a i K a i auvatpetaGai rtcoc, < f ] > q y o u 90

number, F o r i t is

pevn rfjc, 67tTaaiac, TtpiKOTtf|

S O K E I , fjc, q d p x q - ev E T E I Tpircp Tfjc PaaiXeiac B a X -

clear t h a t the prophecies are p u t f o r t h i n a somewhat s y m b o l i c way. As far as w e are c o n c e r n e d , however, I believe t h a t we have correctly grasped the S c r i p t u r e , especially since the preceding section o f t h e v i s i o n seems s o m e h o w to fit t o gether, t h e b e g i n n i n g o f w h i c h is: ' I n the t h i r d year o f the r e i g n o f Baltasar', w h e r e h e foretells the subjugation o f the Persian empire b y t h e Greeks, w h i c h he c l e a r l y alludes to b y the r a m a n d the goat: ' T h e offering', he says, ' h a v i n g b e e n r e m o v e d , a n d the h o l y places shall be made desolate, so as to be t r o d d e n u n d e r f o o t , w h i c h events w i l l be d e t e r m i n e d i n 2300 days' N o w i f we r e c k o n e d the d a y as a m o n t h (since elsewhere i n p r o p h e c y days are t a k e n as years, a n d elsewhere i n a different w a y ) , a n d i f we converted the days t o H e b r e w m o n t h s i n l i k e m a n n e r as we have d o n e before, we s h o u l d discover t h a t the p e r i o d was c o m p l e t e d i n the 2 0
t h

T d a a p , ev9a rcepi Tfjc Ka9aipOEcoc Tfjc IlEpacov dpxfjc ucp' 'EXXf|vcov TtpoSnXoI, fjv 6ict T O U K p t o C K a i T O U Tpdyou TtpoSnXoI- fj 0 u o i a , (pnaiv, f| d p 0 i a a K a i Td a ^ i a epnpcoQfjaeTai Etc KarandTripa, dnEp Etc ,PT' r)pfipac 7tptypaff|aTai. E I y a p Etc pfjva T f | v fjpspav Xoyiaatp0a, cbc d X X a x o u K a r a npocpnTEiav Etc E v i a u 95 T O U C a i r j p E p a i rcapaXapPdvovTai Kai dXXcuc d X X a x 6 9 i , dvaXuaavTEC

opoicoc

T O I C Ttpo T O U T O U E t c pfjvac TOUC'EPpa'tKOUC, u p o i p V dv K ' Tfjc ApTac;Epi;ou Pa-

oiXfiiac drto Tfjc dXcbacoc'lpouaaXfip auvTEXoupEvov T O V x p d v o v . ETn y a p a u v d y o v r a t pTt' K a i evtauToc eic. E V W Thy T T O X I V E T E I X I O E V 6 NEEptac. T O U C o u v pm;' ivtauTouc p f j v a c 00 UpiaKopv , p r ' 'Eppai'KOUC, Tfjc OKTasTtac dKoXou9coc T O U C npdc r o u T O t c e p P o X t p o u c TpEic pfjvac TtpoaXapPavouatiC- drto 6e ApTai;pi;ou, 8 0 E V 6 Xoyoc. ei;fjX9ev otKo6opt]9fjvat'lpou0aXfjp, o ' fepSopdSfic auvTEXouvTat.

year o f t h e r e i g n o f Artaxerxes f r o m the conquest o f Jeru

I5ia 6e rtEpi

T O U T C O V Kai dKptpEOTEpov E V TCO rapt Ep5opd5cov Kai TTJOSE Tfjc 7tpo-

salem. A l t o g e t h e r the years c o m e t o 185 a n d one a d d i t i o n a l year, i n w h i c h year N e h e m i a h b u i l t the w a l l o f t h e city. Therefore, we discover t h a t these 186 years are 2 3 0 0 H e b r e w m o n t h s , since the eight-year p e r i o d consistendy receives an a d d i t i o n a l three intercalary m o n t h s .
1 6

cpnTEiac d r a S e i ^ a p E V . . aupd^co 5 E ' I o u 6 a i a ) v pfev pfjnco cpacncovTcov eAnXuGevai T O V Kuptov, T O U C


05 dTtd M a p K t c o v o c 6e drro TCOV TtpocpnTEitov pf| TtporiyopeuaGai, OTJTCO yupveoc i m '

T h e n f r o m the t i m e o f A r t a x e r x e s , w h e n

6\(/iv TCOV y p a ^ c o v 6eiKvuouacbv.

the decree w e n t out that Jerusalem was t o be rebuilt, t h e 70 h e b d o m a d s are c o m p l e t e d . W e have p r o v e d t h i s separately i n more detail i n w h a t we have w r i t t e n a b o u t the h e b d o m a d s a n d t h i s p r o p h e c y . But
17

I a m amazed at the Jews w h o c l a i m that the L o r d has n o t yet a r r i v e d ,

a n d t h a t t h e followers o f M a r c i o n d e n y that he was f o r e t o l d b y the prophecies,


test.: Sync. 7 8 s c f . I I E s d r 11,1 8 1 - 8 3 cf. Dan 9,24-27 8 5 - 8 7 cf. D a n 9,27 (?) 9 0 - 9 3 cf. D a n 8,1.5-7.11-14 14 15 T h e manuscripts read Ol. 80,4, which must be emended to 83,4, see above 1. 57. This passage remains somewhat obscure (possibly even for Africanus himself: see the remark on the symbolic understanding). Probably, he is dealing with competing explanations where Dan 9,27 (one week, then half a week) played some role. 2300 months would be 191.66 years. However, if 69 of them were considered additional months in leap years (23 periods of 8 years, 3 months each), the remaining 2231 months would come almost exactly to 186 years. T h i s could refer to a separate work that Africanus wrote on Dan 9,24-27.

seeing t h a t the Scriptures p o i n t t o t h i s i n a w a y that is obvious t o the eyes.

78 roivirv Moss. T<I>V A B X 79 r p i r n q scripsimus 6y6or|KOcrrfjq r e T a p r o v Seal. oySoriKoaTiIi TETdpTtp AB 6ySonKocrTOTeTap-rov C T bySonKOOTov reraprov (6' V ) O V 80s 00' STOC, B' AB aB' eroc, x 82 6avif]X A B T C 6a6 O V et ante corr. C 84 eyyevvdv Bx evyevvav A 87 xpdvov Kupiou A B EupopEv At TOIC, A O T z
C

85 a' Bx i' A 85s f\ pia Kai 16

r) npioeia |36opdc, scripsimus rj pia Kai qpioeia A B a' K a i u O V a ' K a i K' T ia' K a i fjptcru C
A B C xpdvouq O T V z 89 f\ Moss. 91 i>cp' Bt tcp' A 92 f]v...r(po6nXoi < Oz | Kpiou C T V 93 T t e p i y p a c p i i o e T a i A rcepiypd9eTai Bt 95 dWux; T V z dXXoc. A B C O 96 e i i p o i p E v Seal. E t i p u j u E v B | K ' A B C K a r a O T V z 98 EV (I) post rasuram C EV tip Eic. ABt 99 roue B C V 105 TCOV < At | npor|yopE0o9at Bt TtponyopteSai A | yupveic. B T V yupvde. A C O z

17

286

Iulius Africanus

F93 T h e Passion and Resurrection of the Savior

287

K a l p e r ' dliyaE v v & y c n T c u 6e T O I V U V ol xpovot em trjv rov

And after a few words:

Kupiou napoucnav

artd A 8 d p

Therefore, f r o m A d a m t h e r e are altogether 5 5 3 1 years u p to the parousia the L o r d [ a n d o f t h e R e s u r r e c t i o n ] , there are 192 y e a r s ,
19 1 8

of

t x a l Tfjc;
o

dvciaTdtTu>c,t err\

(be, E V T O I C ; T D O O O E V rjplv

,cp\a'. dcp' drtodedeiKTai.

ov xpdvou ETTA ' O X u p m d d a av' 'irr\

ppj}',

f r o m w h i c h t i m e t o the 2 5 0

t h

Olympiad

as has b e e n d e m o n s t r a t e d b y us above.

test.: Sync.

I l l des. Sync.

108s - * T i l ,7;F54d,9; T93b.c; F94.1-3 108 Si < t 109 Kai Tfjc dvaoTdoEcoc sive delendum quia glossa, sive scribendum K a i rf|v dvdoTaorv (cf. Routh e t FS4) T93a

Phlegon the Greek chronographer also mentioned this eclipse in the 13 book of his Chronogra phiae, in the 203
rd

th

Olympiad, saying that it did not occur in the usual way, though he did not record Chrono

in what respect this was so. M o r e o v e r , our A f r i c a n u s i n t h e f i f t h b o o k o f h i s graphiae

r e c o r d e d t h i s eclipse, as also d i d Eusebius [ d i s c i p l e ] o f P a m p h i l u s .

T 9 3 a I o a x i n e s S c y t h o p o l i t a n u s (ps. M a x i m u s Confessor), S c h o l i o n i n D i o n y s i i A r e o p a g i t a e e p . 7 (97 C o r d i e r = P G 4 . 5 4 4 B )

M e u v q r a i t i e v K a l OXeyaiv d'EXXqviKdc xpovoypdepoe ev TpiOKaioEKdTtp xpovoypatpiaiv ev Tfj ay' 'OAupmctdi, Tfjc ei<Aeit)(eu)c Taurqc, napa r d eiu)0dc aurnv Xeytov yeveaGai- o u pqv rdv rpdrtov dveypau/E. K a i T93b

AcppiKavdc, 5 E 6 fjpETEpoc, E V TtEpTtTO) xpovoypamitbv, Kai 6 riapcpiXot) ev Taic, auTalc, pEpvtirat Tfjc, auTfjc, EKXEixf/Eujc,.

EUOEBIOC,

Flaccus Asylaeus was dispatched by Tiberius as governor of Alexandria and Egypt. He devised many intrigues against the Jewish nation. I n asserting t h a t i t was 5531 a n d n o t 5 5 3 3 , A f r i c a n u s c o m m i t s a n e r r o r o f t w o years, a c c o r d i n g t o the i n e r r a n t g u i d a n c e o f the gospels. F o r i t is a b u n d a n t l y clear t h a t s t a r t i n g a b o u t the b e g i n n i n g o f h i s 30
t h

year - m o r e o r less, because of the s t a t e m e n t b y the great evangelist L u k e ,

T 9 3 b G e o r g i u s Syncellus ( 3 9 4 , 2 3 - 395,2 M o s s h a m m e r )

'Jesus was a b o u t 30 y e a r s o f age' - he was b a p t i z e d a n d began to teach a n d treat e v e r y disease a n d e v e r y i n f i r m i t y over a p e r i o d o f t h r e e y e a r s .


20

<DXdKKOc A c r u i a i o c Tfjc AXEcavdpeiac K a i Aiyunrou ErciTpoTtoc into Ti|3epiou EKTtEpTtETai. noXXd 6E TOU 'iouSaiujv tOvouc E7te|3ouXeucFEv. O T I pev ,ecp\a', ouxi de ,ecp\y'd AmpiKavdc, Xeywv d u o acpaX-Atrat err| K a r a Tijv d\|/udfj Ttbv suayyEXituv dcpfjyr|aiv. TtpodtiXov ydp 18 The words K a i Tfjc d v a o T a o E u i c have to be either emended o r deleted; in the transmitted form they do not fit i n grammatically. If they are not to be corrected i n the way suggested by Routh, they might have been a marginal gloss, in an attempt at explaining the word parousia, which is K a i 0 e p d 7 t u a e n a a a v v d a o v K a i Ttdoav paXaKtav E m r p i a E T T ) . typical for Africanus but whose sense was obscure to later generations. Note that "advent" (parousia) does not necessarily imply Crucifixion and Resurrection (as Syncellus understood it, see also T93b.c, similarly F94); rather it might mean the beginning of Jesus' public ministry. [AB t = x (= C O T V ) + z (= P Q M R S ) ] 2 TOO...6VOUC A B rd ... Bvoc, t Goar" io V oi A B C O z diaKoatoordv d ^ K a r o v T
1

dTt

TO)

X' em

d p x o p E v c o rtou fj piKpco

Ttpdc, fj

EXOTTOV

d i d T O tpnpvov,'Ir|aouc,

5 fie fjv c b a e i hrebv X' n a p d Tip pEydXto EfjayyEXtaTfj A o u K a Ba7tTia0r| K a i 6iSac

3s rtpddqXov...rtpdc < V, +

The Resurrection would then have been one year later (see T93b), that is in A M 5532 = O l . 202,2 (as attested i n T93d, and accepted by most modern scholars, see introduction, p. X X V I ) . 19 20 5531 + 192 = A M 5723 (= O l . 250,1), which is the final year o f the Chronographiae, attested also elsewhere (see app.), probably the time of its writing. The "short" chronology o f Jesus' life (one year o f public ministry, according to the synoptic tradition) is also indirectly attested in F22.

altera m a n u V " 4 TU) A B C T TO O Z | dpxopEvu) Bt dpxopEvou A | Eipqpivov] Eipqpevtp Oz |'Iqoouc

288

Iulius Africanus

F93

The Passion and Resurrection of the Savior

289

T 9 3 c G e o r g i u s Syncellus (395,8 - 396,4 M o s s h a m m e r )


Ei Si TIC, draoret rote Xeyopevoic npi Tfjc aurfjc noXXaxoO XEvopsvqc, OTI ev aurfj rov Sdvarov narfjcac 6 Kupioc fjpiuv npurroKTioTtp l j p E p a (coqv f|plv ex VEKpaiv e m j y a o e , OKorteiTco eic Tijv i a ' nepiodov rd)v cpAp' KUKXIKIUV ETCOV K a r a rd aiy' ETOC Tfjc aurfjc n s p i d d o u rf|V id' TOU nap' 'EPpaioic nctaxa, Kai E u p f j o e i K a r a Tqv Ky' TOU aurou Mapriou pqvdc EV fjpspa napaoKEufj Karavriooav km TO 5 ocDTfjpiov nd9oc, 6 vnp fjpujv Kouoiu>c u n E o r q , K a i TacpElc und 'Itocrqcp rod ki, ApipaSaiac K a i NiKodfjpou d v e a r q rfj perd r f | v a u r f j v n a p a o x E u f | v emcpooKOuaq Tpirr| fjpEpa, pua aaPPdruiv, nptorr| 6E TOU reap' 'EPpaioic Niadv npcorou pr|vdc, fjric dsi rfj K E ' Mapriou pqvdc pia Kai fj aurfj

T93c
Now there may be those who do not believe what we have said about this day in our frequent dis cussions about it: that on it our Lord trampled upon death, and on the first-begotten day brought forth life for us from the dead. I f so, let them examine the 11 revolution of the 532-year cycle i n the 2 1 3
th th

year of this same cycle, and consider Luna 14 of the Hebrew Passover. A n d they will dis
rd

cover that o n the 2 3

of this month of March, on this day of preparation, it corresponds with the

Passion of the Savior, which he willingly endured on our behalf. And after his burial by Joseph of Arimathea and Nicodemus, he arose from the dead at dawn of the third day after this day of prepa ration, on the first day of the week, on the 1" day of the first Hebrew month of Nisan, which is forever one and the same day as 25 March. So A f r i c a n u s , i n c o n f o r m i t y w i t h a p o s t o l i c

Ecrriv. 6 uev ovv AcppiKavoc, aupcpcbvcoc; xfj drtoaxoAiKfj 7 t a p a 5 6 a e i tco ,ecp' exei
T i j v 6 e i a v x p o v o X o y f j a a c ; a d p K c o a i v , rtepi x d rtdGoc; K a i xrjv acoxf|piov dvdaxaaiv

10

5 u a i v exeat Sifjpapxe, K a x d x d ,ecpXa' exoc; xotj K d a p o u xauxr)v auvayaycov.


Euaepioc de d riapcpiAou r d and Addp ECUC Appadp YEVEOECUC, fj K a r a roue xpovouc Nivou K a i Zepipd(ju>c ruYv Aaoupiuiv PaoiAecov ibpoXdynTai, ouvTepuiv krr\ ,ypnd' CTOixia>0 Tib 'Eppa'iKu) ei;aKoXot)6fjoac K a i rdv d E U T E p o v Ka'ivav etq pX' (fjoavra npd Tfjc TEKVUIOECOC pij oroixeiaiaac, o u d Setoc EVJayyeXioTf|c AouKdc pepvtirai ev rfj Kar' aurdv yeveaXoyia, cbc Kai dXAaxou XEXEKTOI. r d Sk

t r a d i t i o n , r e c k o n e d the d i v i n e I n c a r n a t i o n i n the 5 5 0 0

th

year, b u t h e was i n

e r r o r b y t w o years i n d a t i n g t h e Passion a n d the R e s u r r e c t i o n o f t h e Savior,


calculating this i n A M 5531.
2 1

But Eusebius, [pupil of] Pamphilus cut short the years from

Adam up to the birth of Abraham, which, as he allows, was at the time of Ninus and Semiramis. I n concert with the Hebrew tradition, he computed 3184 years, and did not include in his calculation the second K e n a n who lived 130 years before begetting a child; of him, Luke the divine evangelist makes mention in his genealogy, as has been stated elsewhere. But our chronography encompasses 3032 years from Adam up to the birth of Abraham, in harmony with the divine writing of Moses

15

KaO'

fjpidc TOUTO xpovoypdcpiov and Addp EOJC YEVEOEOJC APpadp Err; ,yXP' nEpiexei ouptparvcoc xfj
a< K a

Beta Mtouoa>c YP Pfj

' i rate yEveatc rou K a r d A O U K O V euayyeAtou.

8s-F15,10-14

8-I0->T92,3s 2 fjplv

and

the generations recorded in the gospel according to Luke.

[AB t = x (= C O T V ) + z (= P Q M R S ) ] 1 nepi.. .Aeyopevqc < Q et Scorialensis 233 | Tfjc < z < A 5 CT 3 cpXp't ,eXP' A B | id'] iy' C 6 4 dpiiiaGaiac A B dpipaSsiac t

etipfjoei post rasuram C euprjoEic A B C O V z Eupfjaqc T 10 r d Bt r<I> A

nicpu)OKOucrr|...pici A B O V z EnicpcooKouoricTptTric fjpspac pidc 7 Niadv D i . vioodv A vr|oadv B vqodv t


m

| oappdraiv A B T oaPpdra) C O V z 13ETT|<AB

,e<pXa'] ,E(pa' O | ETOC Bt ETEI A 11 5fe < A B | fj D i . fj A B t ,ypna'z

12 POOIXECOV AB [3aaiXea>c 11 ,ypnd' A B x

14 aurdv Bt aurciv A 15 ,yXp'] , y T i P ' G o a r cf. p. 105,6 Moss.

T93d

T 9 3 d M i c h a e l Syrus 5,10 ( 4 , 9 0 b , 1 4 - 3 8 C h a b o t , cf. Barhebraeus Budge])


WJQ , \ , \ l Q C D f-OCliSl, T_u CRLS.-I rfcVl > T \ r<li73.1^. ^oirc* ^y) r<"\\ ^S.cViSon cn.xLiA li-IQ \ rf'i\T\ c V u r ^ poire* ^ i T j %jre/ - I T n

[49 Wallis

From A d a m up to the year in which our Savior suffered, there is a total o f 5539 years. That year began on a Sunday. I f one counts the years from Adam, there are different calculations of which we

pf*iiT

^TS-> rtlaia

are aware, and which are neither in agreement among themselves, nor with the years transmitted by the prophets and the Maccabees. Some assign 5500 years from Adam up to the birth of our Savior. Hippolytus, John and Mar Jacob agree with this number of years. And indeed we find that Eusebius accepts it. I n another place, he says that there were 5232 years from Adam up to the Passion of our

c V A ^ _ i r^xx^cVuLro

rcA^re/O

PC'I.-UILI

^I*TI\T.

reA.i

.J^cnA W

^ U N TJ.I r C W i ^ m rr'i-nTTl-iO rC*.-|cnAo


K ' I H I - I

r 2 m x "o.iiV ^ S o ^ . * - n . c w ^ J a
poll nr\"tcnA:t

CO ^ I T

3 9 n a - lisoo i j m w n . r ^ n
r'cVvTir<' r c ^ a u a .vyr_ era r i l v i K '

cpo\, i \ C L S L J ^ . * | I \ T .a i-Sfr>Qr^ r - d 5 0 T ^ - ~pxr<

.j^TOn r^ayc

Savior. Others say 5320; A f r i c a n u s 5532; the Hebrews 4000; the Samaritans 4365; the Syrians 4156; and according to the chronological order accepted by many, 5519. Andronicus says that Christ suffered the Passion i n the 3 4 2 the first year of the 203
rd nd

co .'-OOre' cpoUn.is^rC

. J C T 3 1 criTi\

^iocra .^3J era

year

22

of the Greeks; according to others i n the 19 year,

th

Olympiad.

i^9rC* r V i l C u l -2^T.l

, - l - ^ l X . Q \ m CpClXLiJCli.x3r< ^D-UJ

. \,T^O

CD n r ' n i l ^ - C O rtfi'iurV

^ 11 | - l \ . T % 10 21 22 F o r an explanation of Syncellus' apparently imprecise statement that Africanus dated the Re surrection in A M 5531 (and not 5532), see n. 18 above. T h e manuscript reads 340, which must be a scribal error (see Chabot 1,142, n. 3). 342 is confir med by Bar Hebraeus; Michael himself uses the number 342 a few lines later.

re'erUiS cpcui-ii\,.i Ay ' c K l U

.r^ii IT

9 a ^ I , scripsimus pro ^ a x

290

Iulius Africanus F 9 4 The Millennialist

F94 T h e Millennialist Framework of History

291

F94

ps. E u s t a t h i u s A n t i o c h e n u s , C o m m e n t a r i u s i n H e x a e m e r o n

(55,17-34

Framework

of

History

A l l a t i u s = P G 18,757D) F r o m A d a m t o t h e d e a t h o f Peleg there are, t h e n , 3000 years. U p t o the rivETcu o u v parousia

dno

A 6 d p eni x f | v

T\EUTT)V

O O X E K xn x p i a x i X i a . e m S E Trjv

xov

KV-

o f t h e L o r d a n d h i s r e s u r r e c t i o n there are 5531 years; 459 years thus remain of this sixth millennium. The Sabbath is a sign of the consummation of the world. And fittingly the Lord, who came into the world in the final days, suffered the Passion on the day of preparation, which is the sixth day. And it was around the sixth hour when he was crucified, with Scripture signifying by this half of the sixth millennium. Hence, it did not say 'sixth hour' exactly, Scripture indicating that it exceeds the number by a little more.

piov r t a p o u c j i a v Kai d v d a x a a i v Exn TtEvxaKiaxiXia Kai TtEvxaKoaia x p i d K o v x a ev, cbc


XEITCEIV T E T p a x d a i a TtEvTiJKOvTa i v v E a EXr|

xfjc &cxr|c xiXiddoc. icm Si xfjc

TOU K6OUOU

ouvTeXelac

orjueiov r d a d p p a r o v K a i eiKdrcoc ETC' eaxdraiv TCOV ijpEpcov d Kupioq sradnpfjaac TCO Kdapco EV
5 napacncEufj TCETCOVOEV, fjnc EOT'IV f | p p a E K r r ) , Kai raurric Tfjc fjpEpac ciopa fjv COOE'I EKTT|, f|viKa

c r r a u p a ) 8 r | , T O O \ 6 y o o o r i p a i v o v T O C d i d T O U Tfjc KTT|C x^-idooc TO fjpiou' Kai d i d TOUTO cbpiopEvcoc OUK EITCEV cbpa K T I I , uicEpcpalvovTOc TOU Adyou dXiyiu TCXEICO TOU dpiOpou UTtEprcaiEiv.

l-F16c,8

1 - 3 -*F93,108s 1 - 3 cf.Io.

1 cf. Io. Mai. 2,10; Cat. Gen. 860,1; P r o c . G . , i n Gen. 11 ( P G 87/1.315C); Cedr. 28,4-7 Mai. 10,2 5 cf. M t 27,62; Mc 15,42; Lc 23,54 | cf. L c 23,44

F 9 5 John the Apostle F95 I o a n n e s M a l a l a s 11,2 ( 2 0 4 , 7 - 1 1 T h u r n )

in

Ephesus

U n t i l t h e second year o f h i s (Trajan's) reign, Saint J o h n , t h e apostle a n d t h e o l o 'Etoc, Se xofj S e u x E p o u xouc, xfjc, BaaiXeiac, auxofj (sc. T r a i a n u s ) fyv 9aiv6pEvoc, K a i SiSdoKcov ev 'E9E0OJ, ETtioKortoc, K a i Ttaxpidpxnc; cov, 6 aytoc, 'Icodvvr|c, 6
OUKEXI

g i a n , w a s seen t e a c h i n g i n Ephesus, serving as b i s h o p a n d p a t r i a r c h . A n d

after

dTcoaxoXoc; K a i SEoXoyoc,- Kai d 9 a v f j e a u x o v Ttoirjaac, OuSfiic, EyvuJ, XI EyEVEXO, E O , Xfjc; CC 5 xP


0V0

w<pQr\

r e m o v i n g h i m s e l f f r o m s i g h t , he n o longer a p p e a r e d t o anyone a n d u p t o t h i s day n o - o n e k n o w s w h a t h a p p e n e d , just as Africanus and Irenaeus, the most learned chro nographers, have written.

x i v i Kai

VIJV,

Ka8cbc AcppiKavoc Kai Eipnvaloc oi oocpcoraroi

TP' '!'

01

cruveypdi);avTO.

1 - 5 cf. Eus., h.e. 3,23,3s; Chron. Pasch. 470,2-19; Sync. 424,15s; Niceph., chron. syn. 93,12-14; Iul. Pol. 204,5-17; A n o n . Matr. 49,10 4s Iren., haer. 2,22,5; 3,3,4 [O] 5 xpovoypdcpoi O < Chilm. Di.

F 9 6 Abgar F 9 6 G e o r g i u s Syncellus (439,21s M o s s h a m m e r )

VIII,

King

ofEdessa

Africanus says t h a t A b g a r , a h o l y m a n , AcppiKavoc A u y a p o v cppoiv iEpov d v S p a xov Ttptur|v A u y d p o u o p t o v u p o v (5aaiXUiv 'ESfiacnc; Kaxct xouxouc, xouc, xpovouc,. gar, w a s k i n g i n Edessa a t t h i s t i m e .

w h o b o r e t h e same n a m e as the earlier A b

Is

Eus., c a n . '

r m e n

(224,971 Karst) Uber Urrha regierte Abgarios, ein ausgezeichneter Mann, wieAphHi c

ricanos berichtet. E u s . , c a n . " (214 Helm; hinc Anon. Matr. 52,3s) Abgarus uir sanctus regnauit Edessae, ut unit Africanus. Mich. Syr. 5,6 (1,120,20s Chabot) Eusibe ne fait point mention de ces choses, mais il dit en abrige ceci: A Edesse regna Abgar, homme probe, comme dit Africanus. Is cf. Cass. Dio 79,16,2 [At = x ( = C O T V ) + z (= MPQRS)] 2
7toir|oev t

The present text is not directly attributed to Africanus. The specific use of the term parousia indicates that the text belongs to the tradition which goes back to Africanus (see F93, 24.29.83. 108). The death of Peleg i n A M 3000 and the dating of the parousia in A M 5531 are part of Africanus' chronological system (F16c; F25; F93,109f), see Gelzer l,24f.66f.280; Adler/Tuffin 2002,471, n. 2; Mosshammer 2006,86. Whether the millennialist interpretation of the chronolo gy of the Crucifixion i n the final part of the passage (11. 3-7) originated in Africanus' chronicle is uncertain. Obviously this should read 469. Abgar VIII ( A D 177-212).

sdEOonc post corr. C

E6EOT|C

ATV

ai6OT|C

COz

xP

v o u i

2 3

292

Iulius Africanus

F97 Clement of Alexandria

293

F97

S y m e o n L o g o t h e t e s ( c o d . Vat. gr. 163, f. 2 0

= Leo Grammaticus [71,2-11 ps. S y m e o n f. 7 9 - 8 0


v r

F97

Clement

of

Alexandria

B e k k e r ] = T h e o d o s i u s M e l i t e n u s [ 5 4 , 6 - 1 4 T a f e l ] ) et Georgius Cedrenus (441,3-12 Bekker)

KopoSoc; uioc MdpKou eSaoiXEUcre ETH I B ' pfjvac e'. [...] tic cpqaiv AcppiKavoc 6 oocpcoraroc- ETti
TOUTOU

Commodus, son of Marcus, reigned for 12 years, 5 months says: D u r i n g his r e i g n , C l e m e n t , a u t h o r o f t h e


2

[...] As the most learned Africanus was b e c o m i n g k n o w n

KXf|pnc, 6

arpcopaTEuc;

EV

AXs^avSpEig Eyvtoptfero-

KXrjpEVToc S E 9oirnTf|c

Stromata,

'D.piyEvr|c eysvETO. dXXd Kai M o v r a v o c aipEordpxnc TOTE r)v, 6c E O U T 6 V rcapdKXnTov SXEVEV EIVOI.

i n A l e x a n d r i a . Origen became a pupil of Clement. Montanus, the heresiarch, was also living at that time. He claimed that he himself was [the] paraclete.

1-3

Iul. Pol. (226,19 - 228,3 Hardt) Kara mvrovq rove, xpovovc. KXfjpnc 6 orpcopaTEUC in' AXe6 uiooKaXXoq Kai cpiXonovnpoc Eaurdv rcapdKXr|Tov. Kara oi aipeoidpxai, F98 Africanus' Journey to Alexandria

cavSpEici Eyvcoplc'eTO. Kara Si rffv $>pvytav aipioeic, cevdc aidic

Saipiov emepveodcu rfj iKKXnoia ivtpyti. Movravdv yap nva infjyeipev \tytw TIxvXov rdv Zafwoaria Kai Neoropiov nXdvnc, ap^duevoq, Kai

Georg. Mon. cont. (PG 110, S32B) "Ecp' ou (sc. Commodus) edcSoroc, d Kai npiisroc rrjq QeoSoriwv,

e y v c o p i c o v T O . K a i KXrjpr|c 6 ErpcopaTeuc Ev AXEC.avSpig fjv. KXr|pVToc Se cpoiTnri]c 'D.ptyvr|c EyevETO. dXXd Kai Movravdc aipEOidpxnc TOTE fjv, 6c Eaurov rcapdKXnTov iXeyev Elvai. 1 KdpoSoc + 6 V | MdpKou + (|naac ETT] Xn' ps. Sym. | E ' V Leo Gr. T h . Mel. 8' ps. Sym. Cedr. | cue cpnotv AcppiKavdc 6 oocptoTaroc marg. Leo Gr. cue cpioi 6E A. 6 o. 6TI V A. S E cpnoiv o n ps. Sym. A. SE cpnoiv 6 xpovoypdepoe 6TI Cedr. < T h . Mel. Mel. | S E < ps. S y m . 3 JXEyev Elvai ~ V 2 TOUTOU V ps. Sym. Cedr. KopoSou Leo Gr. T h .

From the same Africanus, there has also come to us the Chronographiae, five books in number, a project that was pursued with painstaking accuracy. In this work, he states that he himself set o n a j o u r n e y t o A l e x a n d r i a because o f t h e
3

Out

g r e a t fame o f Heraclas. As we stated,

Heraclas, very welUcnown for his discourses in philosophy and other branches of Greek learning, was entrusted with the oversight of the church there.

F98

E u s e b i u s , H i s t o r i a ecclesiastica 6,31,2 ( 5 8 6 , 2 - 7 S c h w a r t z )

Tou S' aurou AcpptKavou Kai dXXa T6V dpiGpdv TIEVTE Xpovoypacpiciv r|X0v eic f|pdc n' aKpi^Ec rtTtovnpEva cmouSdapaTa- EV ole cpnaiv Eaurov TtopElCtV

OTEtXaaSat

ETli r f | V AAEc;dv6piav

T99

The End

of the

Chronographiae

TOV

HpctlcXd (pnpnv, ov im Xoyoic 91X006901C K a i TOIC aXXoic EXXnvcov pa0rjThe shepherd's tent of Jacob preserved in Edessa was destroyed by a thunderbolt around the time of Antoninus the emperor of the Romans, as Africanus states, w h o has w r i t t e n his h i s t o r y u p

paoiv e6 pdXa SiartpexpavTa, Tf|v EraOK07tf|V Tfjc ai)T68i EKKXnaiac eyxEipca0f|vai Sr|XcboapEV.

l - 4 = T3a,5-9

2sF46,54s
h

to the t i m e o f t h i s A n t o n i n u s .

4 cf. Eus., h.e. 6,26; 6,29,4; 6,35; Eus., can." 215 (sub anno 231 p. Chr. n.) [ATERBDMS
a m

1 2

Lucius Aurelius Commodus (17 March 180 - 31 December 192). It is unlikely that this phrase in Sym. Log., starting with cbc, refers to the preceding text rather than to the notice on Clement. The previous sentence is different in both relevant witnesses (Leo Gr.: hardships i n Rome under Commodus; V : violent death of Commodus). This and the position of the marginal note in the Paris manuscript that was used for the Leo Gr. edition (Paris, gr. 854, fol. 352"), leaves no doubt that the reference is to Clement (contra Bekker). Ps.

A ] 17imompva M 3 EXXTJVCUV A T E R M TCOV EXXTJVCOV T E R Graecorum A < P

T99

G e o r g i u s Syncellus ( 1 2 3 , 1 0 - 1 2 M o s s h a m m e r ) 3
0 V 0 U C

Symeon and Cedrenus also understood the text in this sense (continuing with 8 T I ) . Africanus' visit to Heraclas preceded the latter's service as bishop of Alexandria (232-248), see also introduction, p. XIV, n. 14. 4 5 This text is both a fragment with information about the tent of Jacob (F29) and a testimonium about the end of the Chronographiae (given here). For the reign of Elagabalus (218-222) as the endpoint of Africanus' chronicle, see introduction, p. X V I I . Since Africanus spent time in Edessa during the reign of Abgar V I I I (the Great, see T88, n. 1), it is possible that his original reference to Antoninus was to Caracalla (211-217); both emperors were officially called Marcus Aurelius Antoninus. . Avtcovfvou'Pcopaicov |3aotXcoc

'H TToipeviKf) OKrivf) Tou'IaKtbS CT'ESECTTJ acp^opEvn Kara TOUC X P 6iecp0dpri KEpauvcp, cue cprjoiv 6 AcppiKavoc,

Etoc; T(I)V XpOVOJV

aUTOU

AvTOJVlVOU iaTOpf|aaC,.

Is = F29.2-4 [AB]

T6,20s; T l 1,5-7

1 l?topaicov pamXEcoc B ~ A

294 F100
AAA'

Iulius Africanus

F100 Final Doxology

295

B a s i l i u s Caesariensis, De s p i r i t u sancto 29,73 ( 5 0 8 , 2 0 - 2 7 P r u c h e )


TOIOUTOV

F100

Final

Doxology

O U 6 E A 9 p i K a v 6 v rdv ioTopioypdcpov rd

EISOC, rfjq oof;o\oyiac. TtapeAaSs. 9 a i v r a i

But this form of the doxology was not unknown to Africanus, the historian. For it appears in the fifth book of his chronological epitome, where he states the following:

yap E V r i p rteprtTU) Tfjc TCBV xpovcov EraTopfjc, oiira) Kai a u r d c AEyuiv-

'Hpieic; y a p oi KdKEivcov
OUK
A LV

TOJV

pripdrcov

TO

perpov ETCiardpsvot Kai Tfjc; rciaTEcoc; rep TtapaaxopEvco


TOIC,

T h o s e o f us w h o k n o w t h e w e i g h t o f those w o r d s a n d are n o t i g n o r a n t o f the grace o f faith, give thanks t o t h e Father, w h o g r a n t e d t o us w h o b e l o n g to h i m fesus C h r i s t the Savior o f the universe a n d o u r L o r d , to w h o m be the g l o r y a n d majesty w i t h the H o l y Spirit, f o r ever.

dyvoouvTsc, rr\v x P > vxapiaxov\iey


EIC; TOUC;

iSibtc, fjptv

5 Ttarpi T O V xcov oXcov ocoTfjpa Kai Kuptov f|pcbv'lr|0ouv Xpiorov- co rj 56c,a, peyaXcooovr| cruv ayicp TtvsupaTt aicovac,.

[ A C F G K M ] 4 euxctptoroupEV + rci irarpi K M 5 rtarpi < K M

INDICES 1. Index textuum adhibitorum et locorum citatorurn


= textus e q u i b u s f r a g m e n t a vel t e s t i m o n i a hausta sunt = textus q u i i n t e r t i o apparatu a d h i b e n t u r ( v i d e p. L V I )

1.1. Biblia

sacra 12,11-17 12,15 13,1-11 F14a F14a F14a F22 F18 F19 F18 F16a T16f T22a T22a F22 F23,ls F23.11-14 F16b F23.15-18 F23,18s F23.20-23 F44 F44 F16d F24,2s F16c,5s T161; T 4 5 F16c,2-12 T16n F30 F26,2s Leu 21,18 F89,13s 14,1-10 14,13 18,1-15 20,1 29,30 33,18-20 34,15-31 34,30-35,5 35,28 35,29 40,1 41,46 41,46s 41,46-49 45,6 47,8s 47,9 47,28 50,25 50,26 50,26a Exod 1,11 12,6 13,17 13,19 T47,16s F93.7 T47.17 F30 F26.3-5 T47,15s F26.5-10 F26J0-13 F16d F30 T27 T28c F30 F90a F30 F29 F29 T47,16s T28b T32 T28c T 2 8 b ; T28c; T 3 2 T28b; T28c T32 T41a,28s F30 T32;T41a,27s T33a

Vetus T e s t a m e n t u m (secundum o r d i n e m LXX) Gen 1,1-23 1,26s 2,7 4,17-19 4,25 4,26 5,3 5,3-29 5,9 5,21 5,25 5,27 6,1s 6,3 7,6 7,6-16 8,4 8,13-19 10,6 10,13 10,21 10,21s 10,25 11,10-13 11,10-26 11,12 12,6s 12,10

298 Deut 31,2 33,6-25 34,7 Ios Iud 2,7 2,16-19 3,15-30 3,31 8,29 8,30s 8,35-9.2 9,1s 9,5 9,24 9,28 12,13 II Regn 11,21 I I I Regn 6,1 14,20 14,25 22,52-54 I V Regn 1,1-16 12,20-12 15,1 15,1-7 15,23 15,27 18,9-12 21,18 22,4 22,8-1J 23,4-21 23,29 23,33-35 25,1-11 F90a F90a F62,6 F90a T67 T68 T69 F70 T71 T71 T71 T47,18s F46,204s F46,207s T42 T69 T47,18s F90a T37 T39a T39a T36 T40 T37 T37 T37 T37 T37 T37 T37 T38 24,32 " F30 T41a,26s F90a T41a,26s

Indices

1. Index textuum adhibitorum et locorum citatoram

299

25,25s I Par 3,10-12 I I Par 20,35 26,16-23 33,11-13 34,9ss 35,8 35,19 36,1-4 36,2-4 36,11-21 36,22s IEsdr 1,32-35 1,44 2 2,1-11 5,1-62 5,1-7,5 I I Esdr 7-10 11,1 12,1 12,5s 12,5-9 12,17-13,37 15,14 23,23-31 Est 7,1-10 Idt 2,1 4,8 I Mac 1,10 10,58 11,9-18 I I Mac 3,4-7 3,22-28

F46,207s F90a F90a F90a f70 T71 T71 T71 F72 F46,204s T77a,5s T 7 8 b ; F93.36-40 F72 T77a,5s T 7 8 b ; F93,36-40 F 3 4 . 1 9 - 2 2 ; F93,47s F34.19-22 T 7 8 b ; F93,36-40 F79 F93,78s F93,33s F93.42-44 F93.34-36 T78b T78b F79 T78b T75a T75a F84 T86a T86a F84 F84 Sus Ez Ier Ion

4.4-6 4.7 1,1-3 2.1 1,1s 25,11 1.2 29 Dan 1,1-6 4,1-5 8,1 8.5- 7 8,11-14 9.24 9,24-27 9.25 9,25 9 9,27 0

F84 F84 F66 F66 T71 F34.12-14 T77a,6s T71 T77a,3s T77a,ls F93.90-93 F93.90-93 F93,90-93 F93.26-29 F 7 8 ; F93.81-83 F93,43s F93.31-33 F78 Io Mc

1,16 27,45 27,51 27,62 15,42 Lc 3,23-38 3,35s 3,36 16,16 23,44 23,54 24,13 19,31 Act 7,16 7,45-47 13,16-23 I Cor 15,47 Col 2,3 2,9

T7b F93.3-5 F933-5 F94 F94 T2b T16n T16i; T16k; T 1 6 m ; T16o; T45 F93,28 F94 F94 T2d F93,8 F30 T41a T41b F14a F93,2 F20

Novum Testamentum Mt 1,1-17 1.8 T2b F90a

1.2. Textus

antiquitatis

et medii aevi A g a p i u s Mabbugensis, H i s t o r i a u n i versalis, ed. Vasiliev ( P O 5/4, 587,8s V . ) . . F18 ( P O 7/4,526,1s V . ) T3b ( P O 1 1 / 1 , 1 3 2 , 1 0 - 133,3 V . ) . . T91

Acusilaus ( F G r H i s t 2 ) F23b F23c 12,3 2,8 4,15 F34.26-29 F34.53-56 F46,192 F65.177 F65.295-297

Aelianus, nat. a n i m a l . Aelianus, varia hist.

2 4 , 1 8 - 2 5 , 2 1 T77a,5s

300

Indices

1. Index textuum adhibitorum et locorum citatorum

301

A l d h e l m u s vlalmesbiriensis, D e metris 69,19-2i F19a F101 F93.54-67 T28a; T 2 8 b ; T 2 8 c ; F31 F34.26-33 A n a x i m e n e Lampsacenus p s . T i e o p o m p u s Annianus (eSync... T39b 17 A n o n y m u s v l a t r i t e n s i s , ed. B a u e r 2,12s 3,6-4,4.. 9,4 14.3-5 14,8-11 14,8-11. 22,14s 25.4- 15 2 9 . 1 4 - :0,9 30.4- 6 34,3s. 35.5- 3,11 3 6 . 1 5 - :7,7 37,8 46,2 46,4-6 49,10 52,3s 13.14 13.15 16,24 F2 F4 F33 F62 F16b T16m T28b T36 F34.103-105; F56 T36 F66 F70 F73.8-21 T75a F89,33s F73.8-21 F81b F73.19 F89,33s F87.6-9 F95 F96 F65.160 F65.192 F65.142 F34.80-83; T47,9s T47,23-25 F59a,8-13 F58a,8-18 (e E l i a M s i b . ) T16f; T 1 6 i ; F 6 2 . 2 A l e x a n d e r l o l y h i s t o r ( F G r H i s t 273)

F331 F86 1,99 Fl Fl 519-527 Aristoteles, P o l . 2,1274a,34 1257) 1253A 208,5-8 2,7,2 20,1 Barhebraeus

F59a,14-19 F51a,32-38 F65.291

Castor ( F G r H i s t 2 5 0 ) F2 F51a,9.12-15.1622.23s.25s.27.2830.31-37.32-38.38. 41s.43-51 F3 F50,3.5.8.9s.ll-14. 15-21.22-24.2527.32s F3.30-33 F4 T49a T 4 9 b ; F54a,6-9. 10-13.14-19.2024.25-27.33s.3541.42-46.50-57; F 5 4 b ; F 5 4 d ; T55, 15-23 F6 F7 574 699 860,1 865 F34.15-18 F34.26-33 F19 F16b F16c,8; F94 F16b

68,1-11 80,1-10 80,11-16 86,18 - 8 7 , 5 107,14s 109,16s 109,17s 114,6-11 155,20s 190,12 193,8-20 . .

F24.27-31 F24.24-26 F24.32-37 F16c,2-12 T28b; T 2 8 c T33b T28c F33 F59b F66 T64d

ps. A p o l l o d o r u s ( F G r H i s t 244) Appianus, bell. civ. Aristeas ( F G r H i s t 725) F31 F65,34s F81a F65.59 A r i s t o d e m u s ( F G r H i s t 414) Aristophanes, A c h .

82,12 - 84,14 F43 106,21 - 107,3 T28a

ps. A t h a n a s i u s f r . ( P G 2 8 , 1 2 5 2 F87.5-12 T17 T 7 b ; F90c Tla

1 9 3 , 1 0 - 1 2 " F64c 200,13 - 2 0 1 , 1 0 T69 204,2-5 220,8s 224,11-13 270,2 F53 F70 T71 T75a F78 311,3-9 323,17 336,2 346,9 357,16s 358,1 358,13-15 362,2-4 390,20s 391,7 403,13 470,2-19 499,5-7 . . 526,7 T78a T83 F84 T85a F84 T85a F87.6-9 F87.6-9 F84 T85a F16b;T16g F95 T2a F16b

ps. A t h a n a s i u s , pass. Augustinus, retract. A u r e l i u s V i c t o r , Caes.

Catena i n G e n e s i m , e d . Petit

3 0 7 , 1 5 - 308,9

Catena i n M a t t h a e u m , ed. C r a m e r > Ioannes C h r y s o s t o m u s Catena i n I o a n n e m i n codice Parisino gr. 209 2,105 M o n t f a u c o n = P G 26, F14b F22 1321B T17 Cedrenus * G e o r g i u s Cedrenus C h r o n i c o n E p i t o m o n , ed. Pusch 10,16-26.. T17 F23.19 F34.14 F64a; F65,35s F65.346-348 Tla F96 11,1-4 34,17-35,10 36,10-16 36,17-21 43,3-13 64,19-65,16 65,19 - 66,3 66,5-11 66,11-13 66,15 - 67,3 T16n F16c,5s F16a F16a T16g F16c,2-12 F24,2-10 F24.15-20 F24,10-14 F24.38-43 F24.21-26

G r e g o r i u s Barhebraeus Basilius, D e s p i r i t u sancto 29,73 . . Basilius, hex. 1,5 2,8 Isaiam 5,141,13 F4c F8 Callimachus fr. 433 Cassius D i o 63,14 74,1,1s 79,16,2 Berossus B a b y l o n i u s ( F G r H i s t 680) F100

ps. Basilius, e n a r r a t i o i n p r o p h .

AnthologiaGraeca

C h r o n i c o n Paschale, ed. D i n d o r f

A p i o n (FGrHhst616)

T16g 526,7 Chronographeion Syntomor Schoene 84,8 84,48 86 49a T49b F51a,9-39

A p o l l o d o r u ( F G r H i s t 244)

302 86,38 - 8 7 , 9 86,5-34 87,24-88,12 88 89 90 92 92s 94,30 95,30 99 100 Cicero, div. 1,19 F15 C l e m e n s A l e x a n d r i n u s , p a e d . , ed. Marcovich/van Winden 1,12,98,2s F14a C l e m e n s A l e x a n d r i n u s , s t r o m . , ed. Stahlin/Friichtel/Treu 1,16,79,6 1,21,101,5 1,21,101,5s 1,21,102,5 1,21,104,1 1,21,127,1s 1,21,136,3s 1,21,136,4 1,21,138,1s 2,22,131,6 3,6,50 4854-4858 Fl.li C y r i l l u s , c. I u l . 1,10 1,15 F51a,9-39 T54f T54f T48a; T 4 8 b ; F 5 0 . 3 7 T47,33s F51a,9-39 F50,26s F46,207s; T77a,5s T48a; T 4 8 b ; F 5 0 , 3 7 T55.10-12 F50.28 F14a F65.156.168 F46.192 F34.51-53

Indices

1. Index textuum adhibitorum et locorum citatorum

303 F65.124 F65.140 F65.151 F65.152 F65.153 F65,154 F65,155 F65.63 F65.156 F65,157 F65.158 F65.159 F65.160 F65.161 F65.162 F65.163 F65,166 F65.167 F65,168

F50.3-36 F51b T54a,l-60 F58a,8-18; F 5 9 a , l 22 F62.10-14 F62,15s; F 8 2 , 9 - 2 6 . 27-33.38-43.44-55 F63a,7-15 F73.8-21 T69 F84 F73.8-21 F86.1-22

Cyrillus, fr. M t 12 2,133s Fl.l Fl.1-3 Fl.1-5 Nautin 59,2-5 F14a F19 D i o d o r u s Siculus, ed. V o g e l 1,26,1-5 1,68,6 3,60,2 4,14,1s 5,9,2 5,65,2-4 7,5,1s 7,8,1 7,9 7,15,1s 9,21,1 11,1,2 11,48,1 11,53,1 11,65,1 11,70,1 11,77,1 11,84,1 12,5,1 12,9,5 12,23,1 12,29,1 12,33,1 12,37,1 12,37,2 12,45,2 12,49,1 12,77,1 F15 F65.144 F56 F65.6-29 F65.124 F56 F53 F58a,8-18 F59a,8-13.14-19 F82,9-52 F34.15-18 F65,158 F65,159 F65.160 F65.161.175 F65.162 F65,163 F65.166 F65.168 F65,142 F65.169 F65.170 F65.171 F65.172 F81a F81a F65.174 F65.176 144,27 - 145, 8 . T91 T91 T28a T28b T28c Cyrillus, O s . - M a l . D e m e t r i u s ( F G r H i s t 722)

12,82,1 13,34,1 13,68,1 13,75,1 13,82,7 14,3,1 14,35,1 14,54,1 14,94,1 14,107,1 15,14,1 15,23,1 15,36,1 15,50,1 15,71,1 15,78,1 16,2,1 16,15,1 16,37,1 16,53,1 16,69,1 16,77,1 16,91,1 17,40,1 17,82,1 17,113,1 19,17,1 19,77,1 20,37,1 20,91,1 1,74

F65J77 F65,178 F65.179 F65,183 F65.178 F65.184 F65.185 F65,186 F65,189 F65.190 F65.192 F65.194 F65.195 F65.196 F65.197 F65,198s F65.200 F65.201 F65.202 F65.203 F65.204 F65.205 F65.206 F65,207 F65.209 F65.212 F65.216 F65.217 F65.218 F65.221 F65,100s

4,1,1 4,41,1 5,1,1 5,37,1 5,50,1 6,1,1 6,34,1 7,72,3 8,1,1 8,77,1 9,1,1 9,18,1 9,37,1 9,56,1 9,61,1 10,1,1 10,26,1 10,53,1 10,61,1

D i d y m u s Caecus, i n Gen., ed.

F65.168 11,1,1 Ecloga C h r o n i c a r u m , ed. C r a m e r 233,9-11 170,17s 174,22s 174,27 174,30-32 175,17-23 176,14-18 F23.18-20 F16b T28c T32 T32 T57 F34,71s; F54b; T54c; T55,16s 177,12 - 1 7 8 , 1 9 " T41a 187,28 F56 T39a 188,3s 188,4-6 188,27s 189,9-17 193,31 7,35 F56 F34.103-105 F50,28 T36 F50,16-18 T16f 187,29 - 188,2 Ecloga H i s t o r i a r u m , ed. C r a m e r

Diogenes L a e r t i u s Dionysius Bar Salibi, C o m m e n t a r i i i n Evangelia, ed. Sedlacek 37,5-26 44,7-26 . 1,71,5 2,58,3 3,1,3 3,36,1 3,46,1 F90c F90a F 5 3 ; F65,52 F65,64 F65,82 F65.98 F65,lll

Constantinus Manasses, c h r o n . Ctesias C n i d i u s ( F G r H i s t 6 8 8 )

Dionysius Halicarnassensis

Elias Nisibenus, ed. B r o o k s

304 8,7-16 16,27-35 110,5

Indices

1. Index textuum adhibitorum et locorum citatorum

305 T54a,17s F50.15-21; F51a,28-30 F54a,14-19 F54a,14-19 F51a,28-30 F50,15-21 F50.15-21 F51a,31-37 F54a,14-19 F50,15-21 F50,22-24 F54a,14-19 F51a,31-37 F50,16-18 F54a,14-19 F51a,31-37 F50.22-24 F54a,20-24 F51a,31-37 F51a,31-37 F50.25-27 F51a,31-37 F54a,20-24 F50.25-27 F50.28 F50,32s F50,32s F54a,20-24 T52 F51a,31-37 F51a,38 F54a,20-24 T54a,25-28 F54a,20-24 F54a,25-27 F51a,40s F54a,25-27 F51a,41s.43-51 F58a,8-12;F59a,813 F54a,25-27

Tl6i F62.2-17 T28b

174-178 175-177 177-179 178-180 178-184 180 180-182 181 181-189 182-184 183s 185-187 186 186 187 189 193 194. 194. 204 210 210 224 . . 224,971 Eusebius, c a n . 7,10-17 7,11 - 10,4 9,19 - 10,4 12,17s 12,19 14,6-15 15,2-5 15,4s 20-124 20,1-5 21,7s 22,3s 23,8s 25,18s 27,2s 27,10-13 27,10-15
H i e r

F59a,8-13 F54a,33s F54a,35-41 F58a,13-17 F59a,14-19 F46.192 F54a,42-46 F64c; T 6 4 d F63a,7-15 F54a,50-57 F62,10-14 F62,15s F72 F46,204s F46,207s; F62.17 F74 T80b T78a F81a F85 F86,25 F89.54-57 T2a F96 , ed. H e l m T48a T47,31-36 T54a,2-5 T55.24-28 T54a,12 T54a,2-5 T45 F16b; T 1 6 h F46.2-242 F51a,12-15 F51a,12-15 F51a,12-15 F51a,12-15 F51a,16-22 F51a,16-22 T 4 9 a ; F50.3; T 5 7 F34,55s

29,5s 29,17s 30 31 31
e a

F51a,16-22 F50,5 T28a T28b T28c F51a,16-22 F50,8 T32 T32 F51a,16-22 F50,9s F34,103-105 F51a,23s T32 F56 F56 F50,9s F56 F51a,23s F50.11-14 T54a,l-60.2-5 T54a,6.27.45 T54a,6-9.8s T54a,6-9 F51a,25s F54a,6-9; T57 F50.11-14 F56 T55.10-12 F51a,25s F51a,27 F50.11-14; F54a,10-13 F54a,10-13 F50,14s F50,15 F54a,10-13 F50,ll-14 F50,15-21 F50.15 F51a,28-30 F54a,10-13

48' 48,8s 49,17s 50" 50,1s 50,9s 51,13s 51,26s 52,3s 52,9s 54,1-6 54,2s 54,7s 55' 55,9-11 56,4s 56,9-11 57,21s 58,11s 58,23s 59
m

E p i p h a n i u s , a n c , ed. H o l l E p i p h a n i u s , " h a e r . , ed. H o U / D u m m e r 1,224,17 - 225,13 F87.6-16 1,173,16s 1,175,18 F16b F23.19 F31 2,208,15 - 209,10 T17 E r a t o s t h e n e s ( F G r H i s t 241) Fl Flla Euripides T G F r 1116 F56 T2a; T 4 8 a ; F64c; T64d; T80a; T80b, v i d e l o c o s s i n g u l o s sub can."" '" et c a n . 156 156-158 156-159 156-197 158-162 159 160 160s 160-165 161-163 162-167 163-165 165-169 166-172 170-173 172s 173-175 174-176
H i e r 1

31,12s 32,7s 33 33
d d

1 , 1 8 0 , 1 9 - 181,2

33,18s 33,25s 35 . 35,21s 36


c e

F50,28 F65.121

37 . 37 . 37,9s 38 38,8s 39,25s 41 41


c c d

Eusebius, Canones

41
h

59,3s 59,13s 59,25s 60 62 62


c d

Eusebius, can

a r m e n

, ed. K a r s t F51a,16-22 F50,9s F51a,23s F46,2-242 F50.11-14 T54a,8s T36; F54a,6-9 F51a,25s F54a,10-13 F51a,27 F50,15-21 F51a,28-30 F54a,14-19 F51a,31-37 F54a,20-24 F51a,38 F54a,25-27 F58a,8-12

41' 41,5s 41,6-9 41,14s 428. 42 42,16s 43,20s 43,25s 44,12s 45


h

62,1-3 62,1-10 62,6s 63,8-10 63,23s 64


f

64,14s 64,17s 65,1-6 65,3s 65,7-9 66,9-11 66,23-25

45' 45,1s 45,5s 45,22s 46


f

46,21s 47,17s

306 68,1-4 68,8s 68,19 68,22 69,7s 70


a

Indices

1. Index textuum adhibitorum et locorum citatorum

307
F62.17 F63a,7-15 F74 F73.8-21 T75a T80c T36 F16a F22 F16b F22 T16h F16a F22 T16h T16i;T16k;T16l; T16m T16i T45 T16o F16c,2-12 T16i;T16k;T161; T16m

T54a,31s; F54a,33s F59a,8-13 F58a,8-12 F58a,8-12 F54a,33s F16b; T 4 0 ; T 4 2 F59a,8-13 T16h F58a,8-12 F54a,35-41 F54a,35-41 F59a,8-13 F58a,8-12 F58a,13-17; F59a,8-13 F54a,35-41 F54a,35-41; F59a,8-13 F58a,13-17 F59a,14-19 F59a,14-19 F54a,35-41 T49b F58a,13-17 F54a,35-41 F59a,14-19 F54a,42-46 T49b T49b F62.10-14 F59a,14-19 F58a,13-17 F66 F54a,42-46 F59a,14-19; F62,10-14 F59a,14-19 F63a,7-15 F54a,42-46.45-48 T54a,45-48 T64d F58a,5s

86' 86 . 86,22 87,16s 88


e k

F46.192 F64c; T 6 4 d T68 F62.10-14 T69 F54a,50-57 F54a,50-57 F54a,50-57 F63a,7-15 F54a,50-57 F62.10-14 F54a,50-57 F63a,7-15 F63a,7-15 F54a,50-57 F62.10-14 F54a,50-57 F63a,7-15 F54a,50-57 F54a,58; F 5 4 d F63a,7-15 F62,15s T71 F62,15s T54f F63a,7-15 T77a,l F63a,7-15 T54f F62.17 F63a,7-15 F 6 3 a , 2 - 6 ; F74 F74; T 7 5 a T75a F79 T80a
c

115 . 115 . 115 . 124 126 137 153 160 162 162 163 163 166 167 167
a h e d

F81b F81a; F 8 1 b F81a F73.7.22 T83 F84 F85 F87.6-9 T78b F89.36 F89.50-52 F86,25 F89.54-57 F86.25; F 8 9 . 5 0 - 5 2 F89,59s F89,60s F89,61s F16b T16h Tla Tla Tla Tla F96 T2a T3a; F98 T16h F16b T92 T 4 1 a ; F 6 5 ; T78a; T 8 0 c ; F85,

32,28 32,35 - 33,7 33,8s 33,10-29 33,12 34,10-13 34,27 - 35,4 38,7-39,21 38,22-26 38,31-34 39,18s 39,28 40,21 - 41,4 41,1s 41,10 42,1 42,1s 42,32s 42,33 43,4-22 43,6

88,3s 88,7s 89,5s 89,8s 90,14s 90,18s 90,1s 90,7 90,26 91,7s 91,21s 92,3s 92,10s 92,19s 93,12-21 94,16s 95,8s 96
a

70,10s 70,15s 70,22 71,8s 72,8s 72,12s 72,22 74,16s 74,22s 76,25s 77,14s 79,1s 80,10s 80,15s 81
c

145,25s
f a

163,17-19
a f

41,33 - 42,28 F16c,2-12

174,5 174,5 211 212


a c

2128 212' 214'. 214 215


h h

81,8s 81,18s 82,15s 82,24-26 a-b


83

96,21 978 97,2s 98


b

43,29 - 44,13 F16c,2-12 43,31 45,20-22 45,20-28 46,29 47,22 - 48,8 52,12 53,25-31 61,11s.. 61,25-27 63,23-27 63,31 - 64,7 64,11-14 65-69 67,28 - 68,2 T 1 6 i ; T 1 6 k ; T161; T16m T16o F16d;T16h T28b T16k T39a T40 F85 F87.6-9 F43 F43c F44 F46.2-242; T46a T46b; T47,28-31

250,23 250,23s 250,24-26

98,8s 99e 99,9s 102,9s 103,13-18 104 104 113


b c

83,7-10 83,11s 83,16s 83,21-23 84


a

sebius, C h r o n i c a

..

46,38-48,8 ..T41a 48,24 - 49,29 T 4 1 b

v i d e locos singulos s u b c h r o n . , ed. K a r s t , n e c n o n E e l . H i s t . , Exc. Eus., C h r o n . Pasch. sebius, c h r o n . , ed. K a r s t 4,8-6,12 11,35-12,2 15,13 31,1 32,21-25 32,26s F15 F23.19 T75a 49a F62.10-14 F62,15s

84,15s 85,3s 85,21-23 85,24 85,24s 86 86


b

111*
a

113 -114'. U4 . 114 . 1148. 114 -115 . 115


b h a f d

F81b F81a T78a F81a F81a F81b

86 " ' ..
f

308

Indices

1. Index textuum adhibitorum et locorum citatorum

309 F82,27-33.38-43. 44-55 F62.2-17; F73,821 F86.1-22


H,er

68,3 68,3s 68,4s 68,34s 75,18 75,19 - 80,6 76,2 81,15-23 81,25 81,25-29 81,30-82,1 82,2-8 82,9s 82,11-13 82,16 82,18-20 82,21-29 82,31 82,32s 82,33s 83,i-9 83,28 83,28s 83,31s 83,33 84,1-3 84,4-9 84,10-13 84,11-13 84,14-18 84,23-27 84,28s 84,30-32 85,3 - 88,24 85,15-17. 85,15-17 86,15s 86,15-22 86,20-22 86,23-29

T46d; T47,l T46c; T 4 6 f T46g F46,192 T86a F86.1-22 T86a F51a,32-38 F51a,9 F51a,9 F51a,12-15 F51a,16-22 F51a,23s F51a,25s F51a,27 F51a,28-30 F51a,31-37 F51a,38 F51a,40s F51a,41s43-51 F51a,43-51 F50,3 49a F50,5 F50.8 F50,9s F50.11-14 F50.3-14 F50,15 F50.15-21 F50.22-24 F50.25-27 F50,32s T54a,l-60 F34.68-70; F54b; T55,16-23 T54c F54a,6-9 T55,24-28 T36 F54a,10-13

86,24s 86,30 - 87,8 87,3-5 87,8-18 87,19-23 87,27s 87,32 - 88,7 88,7 88,9-17 88,20-24 88,25-28 89,4-8 89,9 - 103,28

F50,15 F54a,14-19 F50.16-18 F54a,20-24 F54a,25-27 F54a,33s F54a,35-41 T49b F54a,42-46 F54a,50-57 F54d F50,28s F65

Eusebius, fr. L c . ( P G 24,529-606) 540D 1,6,2s 1,7 1,7,1 1,7,11 1,13,5 3,23,3s 6,16,4 - 1 7 6,26 6,29,4 6,31,1-3 6,31,2 6,35 mann 1,1 237 Places 3,8,1 9,11 9,21,1-3 9,21,1-5 9,21,1s 9,25,1 10,9,6 F56 F23.19 T28b T28c T28a F31 F50.28 F34 10,14,5 10,14,5 10,14,15 146 148 148s 150 150s. 151 F66 F64a F81b
armen

151. 152 152s 26 26s 27 28 29 30 30s Eusebius, v. C. 3,53

F31 F87a T7b T2c F87,5-12 T88 F95 Tib T 3 a ; F98 T 3 a ; F98 T3a F98 T 3 a ; F98

Eusebius, h.e., e d . Schwartz

Eusebius, reg. s e r .

, ed. Schoene

F51a,9-39 F58a,8-18 F82.9-26.27-33. 38-43.44-55 F62.2-17 F50.3-21; F 8 6 , l - 2 2 F59a,l-22; F63a,715 T54a,6-60 F30 F19

104,6-18 104,19-26

F59a,8-13 F59a,14-19 F59a,8-13

Eusebius, o n o m a s t i c o n , ed. KlosterF23.19 F30

104,35 - 105,4 105,24-27 105,28s 105,30s 106,7-16 106,17s 107,9 F58a,8-12 F58a,13-17 F58a,5s F58a,8-18 F58a,5s F74 F82,9-52 109,8 - 114,17 F82,9-52 131,22-25 131,22-28 136,30s 5,9,7 . 8,1,44 . 8,2,46-54 . . 8,2,73 F53 T52 F53 F30 F87.7-9 F93 F85

Eusebius Emesenus ps. Eustathius, i n hex., ed. A l l a t i u s ( = P G 18,708-793) 708A. 757D.. 761B-D 761C 777D-780A F30b E x c e r p t a Barbari, ed. F r i c k 191,13-15 205,24 222,17-19 228,6-9 228,6-9 228,12-15 . 234,13sF16c,5s F16d T28b F 3 4 . 1 0 3 - 1 0 5 ; F56 T36 F56 T39b F24.15-20 236,4-22 238,3-5 254,3-6. 258, 1 - 5 . F24.21-26 F24,32-37 F64a T77a,3s T48a F94 F26.7-22 F26.13-15

Eusebius, p r a e p . ev., ed. Mras/des

107,17 - 109,7

10,10,1-10,23,6..

Eusebius, d e m . ev., ed. H e i k e l

Eusebius, reg. s e r .

, ed. Karst

F51a,9-39 F50.3-21 T54a,6-60 F58a,8-18; F 5 9 a , l 22 F82,9-26 F63a,7-15

234,25 - 236,3

Eusebius, eel. p r o p h . , ed. Gais 3 , 2 6 ( 1 5 1 , 1 0 - 153,11 G . ) . F93 3,26 ( 1 5 8 , 5 - 8 G . ) . . F87a

8 5 , 1 5 - 8 6 , 2 3 F54b; T 5 5 , 1 5 - 2 3

261,27-268,23

310 F73.8-21 264,13s 264,16-IB. 266,1-14-276-280 " 282,12 284,21-24 F79 F78 F81b F86.1-22 49a T49b F43a 286,10- - 0 . . 286,20s 286,22 286,23 286,24 286,26 288,3 . F43c F 4 6 , 2 - 15 F46,17 -32 F46,34 -48 F46.62 F46.76 -85 F46,91 F50 292,4 - 9 6 , 2 . . F51a 296,3 - DO, 1 2 . . F54a 302,14- -17 3 0 4 , 1 - 24 T52 T58a F59a 306,23 - 3 1 0 , 2 4 F82 310,25 - 3 1 2 , 1 7 . . F63a 312,18 -314,18 F62 314,19 -316,18 F73 324,11-13 120,3 125,29 F86.1-22 133,11-18 F82,9-52 F51a,9-50 134,6-It T57 134,12 - 1 3 5 , 2 8 F87.6-9 E x c e r p t a Eusebiana, ed. C r a m e r

Indices

1. Index textuum adhibitorum et locorum citatorum

311

135.16- 19 135,20-26 139,12-18 140,5-16

F51a,32-38;F51b F51a,43-51 T54f F50,28s F65

62,12-14 62,16 62,16s 76,4s

T32 T32 T33a T 4 8 a ; T 4 8 b ; F50,37

252,21 - 256,20 F73.8-21 255,13s. 257,7s 284,14 284,19-22 . 289,17-23 F81a F62.2-4 F86.1-22 F86,20 F86.1-22 F86.1-22 291,1-3 293,11-18 F86.1-22 F87.6-16 F933-19 343,18-23 441,3-12 . . F93.59-64 F97

140.17- 153,21 159,10s F85 126,8-11 143,3-6 143,10-14 144,5 144,5-8

76,23 - 77,3 . . F 3 1 F31 F50.3-14 F34,71s; F54b; T 5 4 c ; T55,16s F51a,9 F 5 1 a , 3 2 - 3 8 ; F51b T54a,8s

284,26 - 2 8 6 , 9 . .

Excerptor a n o n y m u s i n c a k e chronici H i e r o n y m i a n i T6 Expositio o f f i c i o r u m ecclesiae 1,8 Parisino gr. 1115 f. 2 2 4 - 2 2 5 7,2-21. 16,16 17,9-12 18,11-13 20,18s 21,14-17 22,4 23,2 26,15 - 2 7 , 2 27,1s 27,21 27,21-23 28,4-6. 28.4-7
v r

290,12 - 2 9 2 , 7

F87,6-16;F90c

331,16-332, 3 .

F l o r i l e g i u m a n o n y m u m i n codice F14a F14b F18 F19 T17 F23.18-20 F44 F16c,8 F44 F54b;T55,10-12 F44 T16h F16b F16c,8 F94 F24b 36,1-10 46,17-18 49,11-13. 51,1s 51.5- 1 4 . 51,14-23 59,15 - 60,3 59,17-19 59,20 - 60,3 62,8-10 F43 T61 F16d T27 F26.7-15 F26,16-22 T28c T28a T33b F29

144,22 - 145,2 145,17 - 146,1 T54f 146,17s 149,1s 149,1-5 186,2s 187,4s 187,9s 187,10s. 189,9s 189,12-19 198,7-17 . 212,16-18 213,10 214,3-7 T36 T40 T39a F66 F66 T67 T68 F66 F53 T77a,3s F50.19-23 F50.19-23 F50.24-32 F 5 8 a , 8 - 1 8 ; F58b 216,3-6 216,6-8 216,7s 239,12-15 242,7-16 F60 F59a,l-22 F59b F63b F63a,3s F74 243,7-12 249,20 - 252,i i F73.8-21 252,7-12 . F73.2-6 F73.8-21 251,4 262,12-14 262,16-18 274,20s. Muralt

Georgius C e d r e n u s , ed. Bekker

441,17-21 . . T i b G e o r g i u s M o n a c h u s , ed. de B o o r / Wirrh 10,5 11,17 - 12,8 13,4-10 20,6-17 20,18s 20,19s 20,21-22 40,17-19 . 43,16s 47,15-18 112,11s 115,17 F18 F24.2-10 F24,27-31 F63a,3s F73,4s F63a,5s.l7s; F 6 3 b T75a T48a T17 F23.19 T28a T28b F59b 235,10 - 237,2 F70 F66 T67 T68 T75a

288,18 - 2 9 2 , 3 . .

304,25 - 3 0 6 , 2 2

215,23 - 216,2

28,20 - 29,12 . .

165,15 - 166,4

242,24 - 243,6

G e o r g i u s M o n a c h u s c o n t i n u a t u s , ed. 29,10-13 = P G 1 1 0 , 8 4 A . T48a

312 180,1-6 = P G 1 1 0 . 3 0 4 B C F76 PG 110.532B . F97 PG 110.545B . T3a 3 6 0 , 4 - 6 = P G 110, 5 5 2 C T4a G e o r g i u s S y n c e l l u s , ed. M o s s h a m mer 3,1-18 10,7-11 F14b F19 17,28 - 1 8 , 1 0 F15 18,11-20 19,1-8 19,9-17 20,5-13 F15 F43 F43c T22a F21 21,1-8 F22 21,27-22,10 F23 31,28-32,1 36,29s 37,8-15 38,21-25 40,26-31 56,24-26 56,26s 58,10-19 59,6-26 59,27-69,12 F46 64,5s 65,18-20 68,20 - 6 9 , 7 68,21-30 69,1-7 . . 69,13-17.. 69,14s F46,54s T46a T47,28-31 T46b T46b T46d T46f F23.19 Tl6k T39b F44 F15 F43 F43c F44 T45

Indices

1. Index textuum adhibitorum et locorum citatorum

313

69,18-71,7 . . T 4 7 71,7-73,11 ..F34 73,12-18.. 73,12-18 75,13-15.. 76,22-26 . . 7 7 , 1 - 2 3 78,18-25 . . 78,19s 79,23-28 81,16-18 . . 91,1-11.. 92,8-26 92,22s 93,13s 93,17-34 93,31s 94,4-14.. 94,15-17.. 94,20-23 96,13-18.. 97,4-15.. 97,16-18.. 97,22 97,22s 98,17 98,20 - 99,6 98,22 99,12-30 99,14 100,32-34 T48a T 4 7 , 3 1 - -36 T57 T46f T46c F54b F34 T46g T46e

102,17 104,7-12 105,3-5 109,23-28 109,24-26 109,24-26 110,1-7 110,4s 110,8-13 110,20s. 112,16-21

F44 T49b

143,25 - 144,3 . F51a,28-30 144,5-12 144,12-14 144,14s 144,15s 144,17-24 144,25-27 144,27 144,27s 145,1-3 145,4s 145,4-13 145,14. F50,3 F50.3-14 F50.15 F50.3-21 F50.22 F50,24s F50.32 F50,33s F34.92 F50,3 T49a F50,5 F51a,31-37 173,12 173,13-17 F50.8 T55,24s F34 174,19s . 174,22s 175,3-15 175,7-8 . . 176,4-6 177,21s 178,1s 178,3 178,5-9 . 178,13-16. 179,7-16 . 182,13-20. 184,6-24 184,10s 186,20-24 188,9-17 F50,9s F34.103-10 F56 T56a F30 F51a,38 F51a,41s;F 51 F51a,40s F50.11-14 F50.15 F54a,6-9 F50,15-21 F54a,10-13 T55,24-28 T37 F50,22-24 F54a,14-19 190,16-191,12 F34.92

104,16-23 . . T 1 6 o T16p F51a,9 F34,ls F34,ls F51a,4-8 F51a,32-38 F51a,32-38 F51a,9 F16d T16q 113,25s 114,1-24.. 116,8-16117,20 119,14-23. 120,22 121,8-13 . . 122,1-3 122,4-7 123,8-12 . . T27 F26 F51a,12-15 T49a F51a,16-22 T28a T28b F33 T33b F29

76,28 - 87,8 F46 78,4 - 79,22 . . T 5 5

79,29 - 80,2 T46g 89,28 - 90,7 T 1 6 k T16e F16a F22 F22 F16a F22 T16h F16b F16b T161 F16c F16d T16i;T16k T16m T16i T16o F16c,2- -12 T16i;T16k;T16l; T16m F16c,2-12 T16i;T16k;T161; T16m T16o 1 0 0 , 3 2 - 101,3 F 1 6 d ; T 1 6 h 91,23 - 92,4 . . F 1 6 a

112,22-113,2..

172,24- 173,10.

19,24 - 2 0 , 4 .F23 20,29s ( n o t . m a r g . )

173,15 - 1 7 4 , 1 0 . .

92,30 - 93,14 F16a

120,18-21 . . T28a

123,10-12.. T99 1 2 3 , 1 3 - 2 1 . . F30a 125,1-8 125,25-28 125,29s 127,24-28 128,1-3 131,7-16.. 132,15-22 T46b F51a,23s F51a,27 T33a F33 T22b T16i T28a 134,2-13 134,14-28 140,9-15143,22-24 T28c T28c T48b F51a,25s

97,20 - 98,13 F16c,2--12

126,10-17.. T32

1 8 0 , 2 0 - 2 4 T 3 6

133,23 - 134,28

188,24 - 189,6

314 193,9s 193,20 - 194,2 T49b 198,27 - 1 9 9 , 4 . ' F50.25-27 F50,32s 200,25 - 2 0 1 , 3 T52 201,22 - 2 0 2 , 2 0 . F54a,20-24 203,25 . 204,l-9 204,4-8 204,21-28 205,17-23 . . 208,6-22 . 208,23-29 209,2-12. 209,20-29 209,29-210,4 F59a,14-19 210,10-16 F59a,8-13 F59a,8-13 211,16 213,1-5.. 217,6-20 217,18s 217,18-20.. F50,28 T42 F54a,35-41 T54e T49b F58a,13-17 218,9-22 221,16s 224,16-23 230,8-10. 230,8-13 230,18 F59a,14-19 T69 F90a F53 T52 T52 F54a,42-46 231,5-10 F65,38-40 2 2 0 , 2 0 - 2 2 1 , 6 F90a 210,25-211,5. T39b T39a T41a,8-15 T41b T40 F54a,25-27 F54a,33s F58a,8-12 F59a,8-13 199,27 - 2 0 0 , 2 T38

Indices

1. Index textuum adhibitorum et locorum citatorum

315

2 3 1 , 1 0 - 232,10 . F65.8-37 233,9-17 . . T64e

282,18 - 2 8 3 , 2 . . T75a 282,18s 285,25 - 286,4 F82,9-52 287,1s. 287,1s 287,2-5 . 287,2-5 287,11-20 . 287,21-26 287,21-26 288,24 289,5s. 295,15 296,1-13 2 9 7 . 1 1 - 15 F65,121s F65.121 F65.130-132 F65.130-132 F63a,7-15 F63a,2-6 F74 F74

325,17 - 327,6 F82.9-52 327,7-329,10 F86.1-22 330,1-6 3 3 4 . 1 - 15 T83 F84 F82.9-52 341,11 - 342,33 F86,l-22 348,29 - 349,4 T85a 349.10- 1 8 " T86a 349,10 - 350,6 F 8 6 , 1 - 2 2 356,23 - 357,4 . . F87b 365,12. 3 6 5 . 1 3 - 15 F89.36 F89.47-54 F89,7-16 369,6-9 3 6 9 . 1 4 - 23 F89.18-22 F89.13-17 F89,20-29 371,1 - 3 7 3 , 1 0 . . F89 373.11- 1 6 . . T89a 375,4-6 375,4-6 375.12- 1 6 . 375,24-26. 379,24s 380.2- 5 . F89,53s F86,22s F89.18-22 F89,48s F89,59s F89,60s F93 394,23 - 395,2 T93b 395,8 - 396,4 T93c 424,15s 434,11-21 4 3 9 . 1 5 - 20 " F95 Tla T2d

2 3 3 , 1 1 - 1 5 . . F64a 2 3 3 , 1 5 - 1 7 . . F64b 233,19-27 234,1-18 235,18-20 239,8s 240,2-31 241,15-25 F62.10-14 F82.9-52 F90a T67 T68 T69 T69 247,16-28 249,20-24 F73.8-21 F44 F54a,50-57 251,17-29 F54d 252,11s. 252,14-20 253,29 254,7-20 255,8 255,18s 256,16s 257,13-18 258,2-6 259,25-29 260,20s 260,23-25 F62.10-14; F62,15s F82,9-52 T54f F70 T71 T71 T71 F72 F46,204s; F72 F46,204s; F72 T77a,2-4 T71

340,20 - 341,10

2 3 8 , 2 1 - 2 4 . . F66 239,12-19 . . T68

289,10 F73.8-21 T75a F73.8-21 F82.9-52 F81b F81b

241,28 - 242,3

250,21 - 251,16 .

297,18 - 298,3 . 298.12- 1 9 . . 298,21-26 299,13s 299,19-24.. 299,25-30 304,10-13 304,18-23 304,25-28 306,15-17 307,12s 307,18s 309,8-19 310,15 . 314,16 314,16. 314,16-24 314,21-24. 321,23-31 F79 F79 F93,43s T80d T78a F81a F81b F82,9-52 F65.180-182 F73.19 F73.19 F81a F65.187 F89,53s F86,22s F 7 3 . 7 2 2 ; F93,51s F73,22s F86,l-22

367,23 - 368,5

369,23 - 370,5 .

300,28-302,6 F73,8-21

306,7 - 308,6 F 7 3 . 8 - 2 1

217,22 - 2 1 8 , 7

2 6 1 , 1 4 - 1 9 . . T77a 265,29 - 266,8 T77a 268,18-25 275,22s 277,12-19 278,9-18 F46,207s F62.10-14; F62.17 T78b F73.8-21 F73.8 281,13s F74

391,1 - 393,30

313,9 - 324,28 F 8 2 , 9 - 5 2

230,20-231,4.

278,20 - 283,24

316 439,21sF96 T5 Gregorius Barhebraeus, Chronogra p h i a , ed. W a l l i s B u d g e 15 16s 26-27 35 40 49 59 T39a T39b T77b T80 T83 T93d T2a

Indices

1. Index textuum adhibitorum et locorum citatorum

317 F54a,20-24 F54a,25-27 F65.8-10 F43b F44 F46,22s F46,27s F46,80 F34.51-53 F46.104-107 F46.192-194 F65,269s F65,86 F65.il F65,142s T75a

Hieronymus, Commentaria i n D a n i e l e m , ed. G l o r i e 3,9,24 . . F93 Hieronymus, Commentaria i n M a t h e u m , ed. H u r s t 9,46-56 70,4 Ceresa-Gastaldo 63 787) F2 164,5s 23-32 34s 35 36-41 38s 616-619 621 668 679 684 685 698 702-715 741 742-756 Hippolytus, Dan. 1,3,4-8 1,6,1s 4,3 4,23,3 4,24 H i p p o l y t u s , haer. 285,11 F3 T28b F65,100s H i p p y s Rheginus ( F G r H i s t 554) T77a,5s T77a,2-4 F73,7; F73,22 F15; T 9 2 F73,7; F73.22 F23.19 T40 F16a F16b T16h F16c,2-6 T16i F16c,7-12 F16d T69 F46,207s; T 7 7 a , 2 - 4 T78b T78b F15 F73.8-21 T71 F86,l-22 H i l a r i a n u s , curs. t e m p . H i p p o l y t u s , c h r o n . , ed. B a u e r / H e l m T2b H i e r o n y m u s Aegyptius ( F G r H i s t T7b T7a H i e r o n y m u s , Epistulae, ed. H i l b e r g H i e r o n y m u s , D e u i r i s i l l u s t r i b u s , ed.

Homerus, Od. 4,126 7,35 F46.163 F65.141


v r

fr. 18* fr. 20* fr. 22* . fr. 23* fr. 24* . . fr. 25* fr. 26* fr. 27* fr. 28* fr. 29* . fr. 30* T10 F18 F23.18-20 F16b F24.2-10 F24,15-20 F24.10-14 F24.38-43 F24.21-26 F24.27-31 F24.24-26 F15; F43 F50.I6-18 T61 F16d T54c F54b F51b F 3 4 , 1 0 3 - 1 0 5 ; F56 T54a,8s F54a,8s T54f F70 F34,43 F34,97-101 F54a,14-19 T61 T61 fr. 33* fr. 34* fr. 35* . fr. 36* fr. 37*

445,27 - 4 4 6 , 7

I a m b l i c h , v i t . Pythag. I o a n n e s Anagnostes ( c o d . A t h e n . B i b l . N a t . 2492, f . l 0 8 - 1 1 6 ) f. 109 f. 115 f. 115


r

F14b T40 F16d; F66

Ioannes Antiochenus, H i s t o r i a chro n i c a , ed. Roberto fr. 1 (app.) fr. 1,13s fr. 2,17-23 fr. 2,18s fr. 4 , 1 - 1 9 fr. 4 , 2 0 - 2 2 fr. 4 , 2 2 - 2 6 fr. 4,26-28 fr. 4 , 2 9 - 3 2 fr. 6.1 fr. 6.2,4-13 fr. 7.1-2 fr. 10,15-19 fr. 1 4 - 1 6 fr. 18,8s fr.23.1.. fr. 23.1 fr. 23.3 fr. 24.1 fr. 24.3,2-4 fr. 24.3,2s . fr. 2 4 . 4 , 4 . fr. 50 fr. l * , l - 4 fr. l * , 5 - 9 fr.6* fr. 9* fr. 12*

G r e g o r i u s Barhebraeus, Historiae D y n a s t i a r u m , e d . Pococke 36 42 T39a T39b

Gregorius Barhebraeus, H o r r e u m M y s t e r i o r u m , e d . Carr 3,9-12 . . 105 134J3-18 . . 136,4-6 F90b F90a F90c F90c

Ioannes C h r y s o s t o m u s , i n : Catena i n M a t t h a e u m , ed. C r a m e r 1,17 ( 9 , 6 - 1 6 C . ) . . F90a Ioannes Chrysostomus, horn, i n G e n . 21 ( P G 53,181,23-25) T22a Ioannes C h r y s o s t o m u s , h o r n , i n M t . 4 ( P G 57,39,33-41) F90a Ioannes C h r y s o s t o m u s , h o r n , i n I o . 85 ( P G 59,459) T17 Ioannes Damascenus, Sacra parallela, recensio s e c u n d u m c o d . V a t . gr. 1236 P G 95.1436C F70 Ioannes L y d u s , D e magistratibus p o p u l i R o m a n i , ed. B a n d y 1,2.. 3,5 4,86 T52 F15 F43 Ioannes L y d u s , mens.

ps. G r e g o r i u s N y s s e n u s , h o r n . 1 de creatione h o m i n i s 28,13-31,5 1328BC Herodotus 1,214 2,41 2,102 2,104 2,124 2,162 3,36 3,66 5,71 F47 F74;T75a F34,56 F46,104-108 F34,83-86 F46,52s F34.83-86; T47,9s F74 T75a F65,99 F34.26-33 F14a F14a ps. G r e g o r i u s N y s s e n u s , imag.

fr. 6.2,14-24 F 2 4 , 3 2 - 3 7

ps. Ioannes A n t i o c h e n u s , ed. Robertc

H e l l a n i c u s L e s b i u s ( F G r H i s t 4) Hieronymus, Canones E u s e b i u s , C h r o n i c a et Canones

fr. 1 M 0 - 1 4 F 3 4 , 7 7 - 8 0

318 I o a n n e s M a l a l a s , ed. T h u r n pr. ( 3 , 4 - 1 1 T h . ) T10 1,1 1,4 1,4 1,5 1,7 1,8 . F18 F23.18-20 F16b F16d F24,2s F24.2-10 F24,15-20 1,9 ( 1 0 , 7 1 - 76 T h . ) . F24,10-14 1,9 ( 1 0 , 7 5 - 7 8 ; l l , 8 6 T h . ) . F24.38-43 1,10(11,89 - 9 7 T h . ) . F24.21-25 1 , 1 2 - 1 4 ( 1 2 , 1 9 - 14,56 T h . ) . F24,27-37 1,13 (13,45 - 14,52 T h . ) . F24,25s 1,15 2,1 2,1 2,2 2,10. 2,10 2,17.. 3,3 3,11 4,1 . . 4,1 4,3 4,5 4,5 4,6 4,6 4,13-14 4,16 F15; F 4 4 F43 F15 F43 F16c,7s F94 T61 F16d T54c F51b F50,3-14 F34,103-105;T36; F56 F54b T54a,8s.33-45 T54f T54a,10 F50,19-23 F50,24-32 F58b

Indices

1. Index textuum adhibitorum et loco rum citatorum

319 F89,35-37 F89,59s F89,60s F89,61s F30 T46b; T46c T47,12s T47.23-25 T 4 7 . 8 - 1 2 ; T48a; T48b; F50.3-7 T47,23-25 F95 F95

4,20 ( 6 5 , 4 1 - 6 6 , 4 6 T h . ) . . F59b 4,20 ( 6 6 , 4 7 - 5 3 T h . ) . . F60 6,2 6,5.. 6,6 6,8-10 6.11 6.12 . . 6.13 6,13s 6,15. 6,27s 6,28 7,19 8,5 8,6-8 10,2 11,2.. 6,1-3 29 29 F63b F63b F63a,3s F63a,3s F73.2-6 F74 F73.8-21 T75a F79 F81b F73.8-21 F82.4 F82.35-52 F86 F94 F95 F24.2-10 T54c F54b;T55,15-23

1,170 1,171-175 9,208-214 10,39-43 11,121-153 12,249-299 13,82 13,106-108 13,116-118 14,302s 14,326s 14,331 14,366-370 14,376 14,379-389 14,388s 14,448s 14,449s 14,481 14,490 15,8s 15,88 15,92-94 15,292 15,293 15,296 15,331 15,363 16,142s 20,267 Bauernfeind 1,123 1,242-247 1,248 1,269-278 1,279 1,282-284 1,284s 1,323s 1,343 1,357

F26.5-10 F26.10-13 F66 F70 F79 F85 T86a T86a T86a F89,5-7 F89,5-7 F89,10-12 F89.12-17 F89.20-22 F89.22-26 F89,33s F89,27s F89,28s F89.29 F89.35-37 F89.35-37 F8935-37 F89,36 F89,59s F89,60s F89,59s; F89,62s F89,60s F89,59s F89,61s T92

1,361-363 1,403 1,408 1,417 4,533 1,80 1,86 1,94 2,15-17 2,16 Irenaeus, haer. 2,22,5 3,3,4

Iosephus, c. A p . , ed. R e i n a c h

1,9 ( 1 0 , 6 6 - 7 1 T h . ) .

I s i d o r u s Hispalensis, c h r o n . 1 ( 4 2 4 , 1 - 4 ) . T 9 I s o d a d Mervensis, ed. E y n d e 103,17s. T41a,15s I t i n e r a r i u m Burdigalense 587,5 - 588,6 F30 I u b i l a e o r u m (liber) 2,2-23 13,10 13,13 13,14-17 13,22 29,13 F14b,5-13 F26,2s F26,3-5 F26.5-10 F26.10-13 T28a,l T3a,Tll;T12 12,55 Reichardt T3a; T 7 b ; T l l 59 - 62 F90c 60,15 - 61,1 F 8 7 . 5 - 1 2 I u l i u s Africanus, ep. O r i g . T3a;Tll;T12 I u l i u s Pollux, ed. H a r d t 5 8 , 2 - 6 0 , 1 8 F16a 58,6-9 58,13-15 T17 F19 F81a I u l i u s Africanus, ep. A r i s t . , ed.

I o a n n e s N i c i e n s i s , t r . Charles

I o a n n e s S c y t h o p o l i t a n u s (ps. M a x i m u s C o n f e s s o r ) , Scholia i n D i o n y s i A r e o p a g i t a e epistulas, ed. C o r d i e r ( PG 4,527-576) 531B 544B Ioannes Zonaras Z o n a r a s I o r d a n e s , R o m . , ed. M o m m s e n 279 (36 M o m m s e n ) T2a I o s e p h u s , a n t . I u d . , ed. Niese 1,16 1,73s 1,93-95 1,132 1,146 1,162-164 T47,32s F23.2-7 F23,19 F44 F16d F26.3-5 F20 T93a

I u l i u s Africanus, cest., ed. V i e i l l e f o n d

Iosephus, b e l l . I u d . , ed. M i c h e l / F87.1-6 F89.5-7 F89.10-12 F89.12-17 F89.20-22 F89.22-26 F89,33s F89,27s F89,28s F89.29; F 8 9 . 3 5 - 3 7

4,20 ( 6 5 , 3 7 - 4 0 T h . ) . .

320 60,18 - 62,4 F23.1-10 60,18 - 6 4 , 2 0 F23.1-23 62,7-22 66,1-80,-6. 68,7-11 68,17-20 86,9-11 92,2s 96,7-9 98,13s 102,17-21 102,10s 104,2-5 104,12-14. 106,5-9 112,16s 114,2-4 114,14s 114,16-20 F23.1-7 F16c,2-6 F16d F44 F16d T28b

Indices

1. Index textuum adhibitorum et locorum citatorum

321 F15 F97 Tib T3a T4a F30 F65,249s F46.2-242 T46c;T46d;T47 l
(

155,15 - 157,27 F89.3-57 164,6-21 . 204,5-17 F15 F95 F97 228,23 - 230,3 Tib 236,3s 52,3,1-12 T3a F87.6-9

26,10-12 27,3-5 27,7-9 27,17s 28,2-5 28,2-5 28,3s 28,8-12 29,10-16. 29,11s. 30,1-3 30,4-8 31,22-32,1 35,1s 35,3-6 35,11-16.. 36,10-12 36,20 - 37,7 36,22s 38,17-22 42,6s 42,7s 43,16-20. 44,12-15 45,1-12. 46,4-9. 46,11-14. 46,15-17 46,15-20 47,8-10 47,8-20

T 4 8 a ; T 4 8 b ; F50, 3-7 T39a F34,103-105 F44 T36 F34,71s; F54b; T54c; T55.20-23 T54a,8s T61 T39a T40 F35 F59b T42 F62.6 F66 F53 F70 T71 T71 F76 T67 T68 F76; T77a,5s F46,207s T77a,3s F93,31-35 F93,25-29 F62.2-4 F73.2-6 T75a F73,9-14

57,8-12 71,2-11 . . 71,16-18 75,17s. 76,14-77,1 L i b e r Genealogus 352s 2,22 F2 F3, p . 36s F3a, p . 12 F3a, p . 13 F3a, p . 14 F9 ps. M a n e t h o

64,18 - 6 6 , 1 F16b

226,19-228,3 .

80,11 - 82,20 .F16c,7-12

L u c i a n u s , verae hist. M a n e t h o ( F G r H i s t 609)

I u s t i n u s , dial., ed. M a r c o v i c h ps. I u s t i n u s , c o h . Gr., ed. M a r c o v i c h 9,2 ( 3 4 , 1 1 - 1 7 M . ) F34.76-87 9,2 (34,17s M . ) F34,86s 9,2 ( 3 4 , 1 9 - 2 3 M . ) . F34.31-34 12,2 ( 3 8 , 1 4 - 1 8 M . ) F34,ls Iustus Tiberiensis ( F G r H i s t 734) F2 F2s F3 T48a T47,8-12;F50,3-7 T47,32s; T 4 8 b

T48a; T48b; F 5 0 . 3 7 F54b; T 5 5 . 2 0 - 2 3 T39a F58b F59b F35 T42 F62.6 F66 F64a F53 F70

F43 F43c F44 T47.23-25 F43; F43c

M a r m o r P a r i u m ( F G r H i s t 239) A3s T55.10-12 ps. M a x i m u s Confessor I o a n n e s Scythopolitanus M i c h a e l Psellus, hist, synt., ed. A e r t s 34 44r u m , ed. C h a b o t p r . ( 2 , 4 - 1 5 Sawalaneanc' 1871) T13a 1,3 1,4 2,1 3,8. 4,7. 4,15 . . 4,15 . . 4,15 4,16 4,20 4,21 5,1 T16f F18 F23.18-20 T39a T39b F64c; T 6 4 d T71 F58a,19; F58b; F 5 9 a , l - 2 2 ; F59b F66 F64a; F65,44 T77b T78a Tib T4b

116,22 - 118, 8 . 118,9s 132,2s 132,3-5 . F66 T67 T68 T77a,5s 136,3s 140,10-12. 140,17-21. 142,10s 142,10s F46,207s F62,2-4; F 7 3 . 2 - 6 F73,2-6 T75a F73.9-14 F73.9-14 144,6-8 F79 F73,15-24 147,2-8 152,11-18 F81b F87.6-16 1 4 8 , 9 - 156,27 F86.1-22 144,22 - 146,16

L e o G r a m m a t i c u s , ed. B e k k e r 8,22 - 10,20 F16a 9,4-7. 9,13-15 9,22 - 1 0 , 1 . 10,21 - 12,5 12,3-5 13,4-7 15,5 - 16,3 20,16-20 20,18-20 21,16-18 23,3s 24,22-25,4 25,4s T17 F19 F18 F23.1-23 F16b F16d F24a F25 F16d T28a T28b T32 T32

M i c h a e l Syrus, D e s c r i p t i o t e m p o

4 4 , 2 2 - 4 6 , 1 8 T77a,5s

134,16 - 140,19

10,21 - 11,3 . F 2 3 . 1 - 1 0

12,6 - 14,12 . F 1 6 c , 2 - 6 1 4 , 4 - 19,10 . F 1 6 c , 7 - 1 2

142,15 - 1 4 4 , 4 .

47,22 - 4 8 , 1 . F79 48,15 - 4 9 , 4 F 7 3 . 1 5 - 2 4 49,12s 52,23 - 53,6 F73,22s F87.6-16 57 55,8-13 F89.44-49 49,21 - 5 2 , 1 7 F 8 6 , l - 2 2 54,20 - 55,13 F 8 6 . 1 - 2 2 ; F 8 9 , 3 -

322

Indices

1. Index textuum adhibitorum et locorum citatoram

323

5,1 5,2 . 5,4 5,6 5,10- 6,7 6,7 10,20 niorum 2,10 2,20 2,21 2,38 -

F81b T80 T83 F96 T93d T2a T3a T13b

Paschale C a m p a n u m . . . , ed. M o m m sen 745,7-18.. Pausanias 1,35,6 1,42,3 1,44,1 2,11,8 2,24,7 3,13,9 3,14,3 3,21,1 4,4,5 4,13,7 4,15,1 4,23,4 4,23,10 4,24,5 4,27,9 5,21,9 5,21,10 F65,286-288 F46,146s F65.62 F65,375 F65,82 F65,103-105 F65,83 F65.228 F65.49 F65,60 F65.73 F65,83 F65.83 F65.162 F65.196 F65,295-297; F65,332-334 F65.268; F 6 5 . 2 8 6 288; F65.302; F65,321s 5,23,4 5,8,5s 5,8,6 5,8,7 5,8,8 5,8,9 F65.168 F64a; F65.44 F65.61; F65,63 F65.67; F65,74s; F65,78 F65.93-95 F65.103-105; F65.112 5,8,10 F65,147; F65.183; F65.193; F65,255 5,9,1 6,2,10 6,3,4 6,3,7 6,3,8 6,3,11 6,5,1s 6,5,3 F65,107s F65.174; F65,175 F65.191 F65,186 F65.51 F65.192 F65,180-182 F65.196 T92

6,8,3 6,9,5 6,10,4 6,12,2 6,13,1 6,13,3 6,13,4 6,13,7 6,14,5 6,14,11 6,15,3 6,15,8 6,15,10 6,17,2 6,22,3 7,16,10 7,17,6 7,17,13 7,23,5 7,25,4 8,26,2 8,26,3s 8,27,8 8,39,3 8,40,1 8,45,4 10,2,3 10,3,1 10,5,13 10,7,4 10,7,7 10,23,14 10,34,5 10,36,9

F65,179 F65.155 F65,147 F65.229 F65.156 F65,349; F65,354 F65,269s F65.257 F65,142 F65,146 F65,249s F65,107s; F65,216 F65,249s F65,232s F65,198s F65.273 F65.51 F65.51 F65,295-297 F65.195 F65.147 F64a; F65.44 F65.196 F65,83 F65,130-132 F65.186 F65.200 F65,203 F65.137 F65,120 F65,147 F65,228 F65.381 F65,344s

P h i l o , post. 40s Philo, migr. Abr. 20 Philo, op. 29-33 F92 F93 F14b F34.26-33.71-73 F54a,6-9.10-13 P h i l o c h o r u s ( F G r H i s t 328) F16d F22

Moses Chorenensis, Historia A r m e T88 F89,33s F89,28s T88

Philostratus, g y m . , ed. J i i t h n e r 1 ( 1 3 4 , 1 4 - 1 6 Ju.) F65,103-105 1 (134,14-19 Ju.) F65.142 12 (142,14-19 Ju.) F65.44 12 (142,19s Ju.) F65.61 12 (142,20s Ju.) F65,63 1 2 ( 1 4 2 , 2 1 - 2 4 Ju.) F65.67 12 (142,24-32 Ju.) F65,74s 12 (142,32 - 144,2 Ju.) F65,93-95 1 3 ( 1 4 4 , 1 1 - 1 3 Ju.) F65.147 13 (144,13-17 Ju.) F65.255 13 (144,3-5 Ju.) F65,107s 13 (144,5-8 Ju.) F65.118 1 3 ( 1 4 4 , 8 - 1 1 Ju.) F65.111 2 1 ( 1 5 0 , 5 - 9 Ju.) F65.130-132 33 (158,18-20 Ju.) F65,269s 43 (168,18-23 Ju.) F65,164s

Nicephorus Callistus Xanthopulus, E x c e r p t a ex h i s t o r i a ecclesiastica i n c o d i c e B a r o c c i a n o 142 f. 2 1 2


r

T2c F16a F16c,2-12 T16i;Tl6m F16c,5s T28b0 F95 F23,19

N i c e p h o r u s , c h r o n . syn., ed. de B o o r 81,7 - 83,2 83,21-84,15 83,25-28 84,5-7 85,1 93,12-14 F72

N i c o l a u s D a m a s c e n u s ( F G r H i s t 90) N o t a i n m a r g i n e c o d i c i s P a r i s i n i gr. 1711 ( = S y n c , c o d . A ) p . 13 OrMan F70 O r i g e n e s , Cels. 5,55,1-9 F23,2-7 Origenes, c o m m . i n Gen. P G 12,113,9s F 1 6 d Origenes, c o m m . i n M t . 265 118,164 O r o s i u s , hist. 7,43,19 T92 T17 F22 O r i g e n e s , sel. i n ps. F21

Petrus A l e x a n d r i n u s , Ekthesis c h r o n o n , ed. S a m o d u r o v a 190,2s 190,26-31 190,34-39 T39a,3s T39a,5s F34.65

P h i l i p p u s Sidensis, C h r i s t i a n a h i s t o r i a , cf. H e y d e n 2006 frg.4.1 T2c

324

Indices

1. Index textuum adhibitorum et locorum citatorum

325

43 ( 1 6 8 , 1 8 - 2 4 Ju.) F65.118 Philostratus, imag. 2,6,1 4,24 5,7 Fl Fl.1-10 Fl.ll F4 F5 F8 F12.1 F16 Photius, bibl. 34,7a7-24 Pindarus, o l y m p . 13 Plato, T i . 23E 35C2-36A6 Plinius, nat, h i s t . 34,8,19 F65.156 F56 Plutarchus, N u m a 1,3 999 E 1000 C Polemo ( F H G ) 3 F13 3,119 F 1 3 F2 F3 F2 F3 F4 F34.77-80 T47,9s F65,34s F34.15-18 F86,l-22;T86a F82,9-52 F50,28s F65.64 F81a F81a P l u t a r c h u s , P l a t , quaest. P l u t a r c h u s . d e D a e d . Plat. F15 F14a F65,162 Til F65.130-132 F65,346-348 F65,344s F64a;F65,44 F65.6-29 F65.52 F65,46 F65.73 F34.15-18 F65.293 F93,14s Philostratus, "Vita Apollonii

P o s i d o n i u s ( F G r H i s t 87) F69 T47,9s P r o c o p i u s Gazaeus, i n G e n . , ed M a i (= P G 87/1,21-512) 6 (265C - 268C) F23.2-7 8 (285A) 11 (315C) 386-388 T2b 2,8,14 SIG
3

"H\ioc,H235 'IouSqe 1430

F43 T75b

42,11 42,11 42,20 44,17 44,18 45,1 45,8 46,1 46,1s . 46, 4 - 9 46,9 . 46,11-18. 47,1 50,8. 66,2 67,2 75,2. 77,2 163

F53 F64a F76 T67 T68 F76;T77a,5s T77a,3s F62.2-4 F73.2-6 F73.9-14 F79 F73,15-24 F73,22s F15 F97 Tib T3a T4a

'Iou6qei431

T75a T12

Keoroc, K 1428 M c o u o q c M 1348,15s T28b ZoAtov E 776 T 5 4 f

F23.19 F16c,8; F 9 4 T92 F34,86s F65.332-334 F65,107s F65.112 F65.147 F65.183 F65.193 F65.72 F65.216

P h l e g o n T r a l l i a n u s ( F G r H i s t 257)

Prosper T i r o , c h r o n . Ptolemaeus Mendesius ( F G r H i s t 611) Q u i n t i l i a n u s , instit. o r a t .

ZcoKpdTqc, Z 829
F81a Zcoadvva Z 856 T12 rpaxqX[(tuv T 9 2 1 F65.258 Suetonius, N e r o 23,1 24,4 ville-Grave 1,27,3. 2,8,1 - 17,1 2,14,1 2,27,1 T40 F73,8-21 T75a F87.6-9 F65,344s.346-348 F65.346-348

1056,1s 1056,5s 1056,7s 1056,10s 1056,12s 1056,17s 1069 Socrates, h . e. 2,34,10s Solinus 1,74 1,97 Sozomenus, h . e. 1,1,12.. 2,4 5,21,5 Strabo 6,1,12 8,3,30 Suda, ed. A d l e r

Sulpicius Severus, c h r o n . , ed. Senne-

S y m e o n Logothetes i n cod. V a t . gr. f. 9 - 1 0


v r

( = 42,11 W a h l g r e n ) F53

S i m o n i d e s A n t h o l o g i a Graeca T8a F65.93-95 F65.118 T8b F30 T2a F65.142 F64a; F 6 5 . 6 - 2 9 . 4 4

ps. S y m e o n ( c o d . Par. gr. 1712, f. 18 - f . 271) f. 1 9 . f. 2 0 f. 2 1 f. 2 2 f. 2 3 f.25


T r v r

S y m e o n Logothetes, v i d e l o c o s singulos sub Leo Gr., T h e o d . M e l . , Iul. Pol. n u n c ed. W a h l g r e n , v i d e s u p r a p . V I 24,3-10. 24,4. 24,7. 24,11 . 25,5. 26,1-32,5. 28,2-5 33,5 . . 33,5 . 37,2 . 37,3 37,4. 37,11 . 37,14F16a T17 F18 F23.1-10 F16b F16c,2-6.7-12 F24a F25 F16d F34,103-105 F44 T36 T40 F35

F14b F23.18-20 F18 F19 F44 F54b; T 5 5 . 1 0 - 1 2 F16c,8 F16b; T 1 6 h


r

f. 2 6 f. 2 6 f.27 f.30 f.31 f.32 f.32


r v

f. 2 6 - 2 7 . . F24b
v

F43
v

f. 3 0 .
v

F16d F51a,9; T 6 1 F26.7-15 T27


v

P o l y b i u s ( F G r H i s t 254)

AcppiKavoc, A 4 6 4 7 , 1 - 5 T12 Atdyopac. 6 MqAtot; A 523 F81a

f.3T
r

P o r p h y r i n s ( F G r H i s t 260)

f.31 -31 .
r v

F26,16-22 T28a; T28c; T 3 3 b F29; T 3 2 ; T 3 3 a

ApdKCOv A 1495
T54f

326 f. 3 4
v

Indices

1. Index textuum adhibitorum et locorum citatorum

327

T48a; T 4 8 b ; F50.3-7 F50.3-14 F34,71s; F51a,3238;F51b; F54b; T54c; T55,16s

23.20 24,23 - 2 5 , 1 25,1s 25,19s 26,8-10 26,11-13. 26.21 26,27 - 2 7 , 1 26,27-27,2 27,6-9 27,28 28,10s 28,12-16 29,17-20 31,16s 31,18-20 31,27s. 32,13-15 32,23 - 3 3 , 4 32,24s 34,4-8 36,23s 36,25 37,24-27 38,9-12 38,18 - 27 38,21-30 . 39,23-28 . 39,23s 40,5-7 40,5-18 . 40,20s . 41,4-19 42,1s 42,9 - 4 5 , 3 0 44,14-19 45,17-30

T28b T32 T32 T48a; T 4 8 b ; F50.3-7 T39a F34.103-105 F44 T54a,8s F34,71s; F54b; T54c; T 5 5 . 2 0 - 2 3 T61 T40 F35 F59b T42 F62,6 F66 F64a F70 T71 T71 F76 T67 T68 F76; T77a,5s F46,207s T77a,5s T77a,3s F73.2-6 F62.2-4 T75a F73.9-14 F79 F73.15-24 F73,22s F86.1-22 F87.6-16 F89,3-57

46,31-34 . 54,6-14.. 54,18-20.. 56,14.

F15 F97 Tib T3a

Thucydides I , 126,3 2,2,1 2,47,3 153a F2 I I , 12 12,17. F65.99 F81a F81a T39b F43; F43c F65.346-348 T3a

f. y r f. 3 8
r

56,25 - 57,2 T 4 a Theodorus Lector, epitome 1 1,10,12s 3,19,21s T8b F24,24-26 F23,19 Theophilus Antiochenus, Autol.

V a r d a n A r a w e l c ' i , ed. T h o m s o n Vetus Chronicon (FGrHist 610) Z o n a r a s , ed. D i n d o r f

f. 5 1 . f. 6 1 "
r

F66 F93,59-64
r

f. 7 4 , 3 9 - 7 4 \ 5 F87.6-16 f. 7 9 - 8 0 f. 8 0 r Syncellus G e o r g i u s Syncellus Tacitus, dial. 10,5 27,1 38 38s 39,1 39,1s 39,2 Fl F5 F7 14,2 - 1 5 , 7 . 14,5-7 14,11-14 14,20s . 15,8-13. 15,8 - 16,12 16,11s 17,5-7 F65.332-334 F24.24-26 F46.132-135; T48a; T48b; F 5 0 , 3 - 7 T47,33s F50,26s F50.3-25 T55.10-12 F93,6s F34,26-33 F34.15-18 F16a T17 F19 F18 F23.1-10 F23.1-23 F16b F16d Tatianus, orat., ed. Whittaker
v

26,27 - 27,2 . T 3 6

F97 Tib

ps. T h e o p o m p u s ( A n a x i m e n e s L a m psacenus), T r i c a r a n u s ( F G r H i s t 72) F20a F34.99-102

27,26 - 28,3 T 3 9 a

3 1 , 3 0 - 32,2 . . F 5 3

T h a l l u s ( F G r H i s t 256)

T h e o d o s i u s M e l i t e n u s , ed. T a f e l

16,13 - 17,31 . F 1 6 c , 2 - 6 1 8 , 1 5 - 19,2 . . F 2 4 a 2 0 , 1 3 - 2 1 , 7 . F16c,7-12 22,1-3 22,1-3 22,20-22 F25 F16d T28a

328

Indices

2. Index nominum propriorum

329

2. Index nominum propriorum


A-apcov F 7 9 . 1 'Apac, F50.19 v i d e Auyapoc;
T37.1

F54a,2; F54b,8; T55,7.22.24.33s; F65,213;F72,4;adF73,19; T75a,5; F86.1.24; T 8 6 a , l s ; F89,45.51;T93b,l AiGtOKEc AiGioma 13 F65.383 AiXdp(IXdp) AipdG Aiveiac F72.3 T 5 2 . 1 ; ad F54a,20-24 F54a,52 F65.50 F26.il F46,193;T75b,1.3 adT36,ls;adF54a,10-

AXE^avSpoc, rex C o r i n t h i o r u m F59a,17 AXt;avdpoc, I . rex M a c e d o n i a e F82.18 AXc;av6poc, I I . r e x M a c e d o n i a e F82,28 AXi;avdpo<; I I I . M a g n u s , rex Macedoniae F86.1
AXE<;IVOC F65.10

Adicd3nvoi AdpaaToc Adpiavdc


AEGXIOC.

adF23,18-20 F51a,35 F65.367

'A-PYapoc
A.P>EXEX

XpScbv T 3 8 . 1 AfiiTOC,- v i d e ' E X a y d p a A o c ; A(3padp T16d, T 6 , 5 ; F 1 5 . l l ; T16c,12; 1.3.5; T16e,4.9; T 1 6 o , l s . 4 ;

Adcovidr|c AGnvaloc. a d F 2 4 . 3 8 - 4 3
F65.9

AEiGaXrjc AXEcjavdpeuc, AEpOTtoc,


AETIOC,

F65.208.213;

F82.15

F73.7.22; F 8 2 . 3 3 - 3 6 ; F84.2;

T8,l

T 1 6 p , l ; F 2 5 . 1 ; F26.2.5.7; T 2 7 . 1 ; F 3 0 a , 1 4 . 1 6 ; F30b,3.16; F34.86; T41a,18;T45,13.19;T47,15; T 4 9 a , 5 - 7 ; F51a,10; a d F90a,2-4; T93c,11.15 A-YdQapxoc; KepKupaioc; F65.140 AYCI96TT.OUC, AiYivfJTnc; AYapepvcov AYapfjoxcop AYEXaoc AyeXaV; F54a,43 F65.385 F50,25.27.30

A f a p i a c (1) a d F54a,42-46; F 9 0 a , l Afapictc. (2) T 7 7 a , l A(oupd AGnvd AGfjvcu A6nvaIoi adT16a,2-13 ad F54a,6-9; a d F 8 1 b , 4 - 7 F54a,4;adF81b,4-7 F34,31; F34.100; T 4 9 b , l ; AGctvdoioc, T 1 7 . 2

Aiaipidr)c

Aiaxivnc'HXEioc; F65.324

AXijtric F59a,6.8; F59b,3 AXKapEvnc. F58a,17; F58b,4 AXKdv8pa AXKtac, F46,163 F82,16 F65,239 F65.272

A i a x i v n c ; MiXrjaioc, d rXctuKiac, A i a x p X o c (1) d AYapf|OTopoc, F54a.45s.49; a d F59a,14-19; F64c,2;F64d,l.ll AiaxuXoc(2) At-rvn


AKCIVGOC

AXKiSac. AdKtov AXKpaicov AXKprjvri AXudTnq(l) AXudTr)<;(2) Apdv T78b,l

AXKipoc, Ku^iKnvdc; F54a,50 F65.12 F63a,8 F63.14

F54a,1.2.32.58s; F54b,6; T54c,1.2.4; T 5 4 e , l ; T 5 4 f , 1 . 6 ; T55.12.21.26.37; F64c,2; F64d,l.ll;F81a,3.5.8;ad

T54f,3 F65.63

F81a,14 AdKtov F56,7 F54a,34 T54f,3s F34.29.56 F65,278

F59a,10 F59a,13 F65.257 F65,210

AKapvavia AKaaTOC, AKpaioov

AYEpaxoc; KuOKrp-dc, 'Ayevc, ApYEloc,


AYTJPUJV
n

F81b,4-7 AGnvodcopoc AiyiEuc, AGnpddac; AdKtov AGioGic. AiYedc F46.5 F54a,19.20 F51a,9.52;F51b,2 F50.32 F51a,16 F65.339.343 F65.70

Apct(ia<; a d F90a,2-4 Ap(5pap T 3 3 a , l ApEVEcpGqi; F46.160 ApEvaic. F46.139; T46g,3 ApEvtocpdG F46.155 F46.138 F46.173 Apvcocpe(c.(l) ApEvtocpGic; (2)

F59a,16 F58a,13 F65.127 F65.273 F65J28

AKOuaiXaoc AKpiaioc
AKTCUOC,

AY o-iAaoc, AYK F58a,9 AYiqUXEtoc


AYVOJV

AKOuaiXaoc, K u p n v a l o c F50.21
F34.72 ATTIKTJ

AIYIOXEUC Ai'YiaGoc AiYudpoc

A Y v o d c o p o c Ku^iKnvdc; nenctprjGioc,

AKTfj v i d e
AKTia T5.6; F98,2

F89.50 T l a , 2 . 6 . 8 ; T3a,7; F65.214; T 8 6 a , l s ;

A Y p n t x t i v a u r b s Palaestinae ad F 8 9 , 6 0 s Addp T6,4;T10,6;T13a;F14b,12; T 1 6 a , 2 . 4 ; T 1 6 b , 3 ; T16c,8; T 1 6 d , 6 ; T16e,2.8; T16h,1.7; T16i,6s; T16k,7; T16o,2-4; T16q,3;T17,l;F18;F19,l; F25.3; F 3 3 , 2 ; F35.2; T 4 0 . 1 ; T42.3; T45,10.15s; adF54a,4246; T 5 4 c , l j a d F64a,4s; F76.3; ad T 7 7 a , 5 s ; F83; F89.57; F93, 108; T 9 3 c , l 1.15; T 9 3 d ; F94.1 Adapa F26.9

AtYUTCTioi F14b,4; F15,ls.6; F26,4; F34,78.82.86.99s; F 4 3 a , l ; F43b,7; F43c,2; F46,35.38. 108.120.187; T46c,17; T 4 7 . l l . 13; ad F54a,6-9; F86.2; F89.52 Ai'YUTtTo<; F26.2; T 2 8 b , 3 ; T 2 8 c , 5 ; F 3 0 b , l ; T32.2.5; F34.39.45.59. 78.98; T41a,20; F43a,8; F 4 4 , l s ; T45.4.5; F46J.8.13.55.92.132. 205.214.237; T 4 6 b , 3 ; T 4 6 c , 6 . 12.16.19; T 4 6 f , l ; T 4 7 . 1 0 . 1 7 . 2 1 . 25; T48b,5; F50.6; F51a,20;

AXficjdvdpEia

Apsvcocpic; F46.146 Apepfjc. F46.111 F65.164 T41a,19 F46.102 F46.103 F46.97 F46.112 F65.234 T86a,4 Apnaivdc, BapKcfioc, ApivaSdp A p p a v s p n c (1)

F89,17.50.58; F97.2; T 9 3 b , l ; AXc;av6pic T6.2.16 AXE^avdpoc, AXEcjavdpEdc, T86a,4.6 AXficjavdpoc; i m p e r a t o r R o m a n u s T2d,2.5 AAicrxvdpoc, 6 fTdpic 27 AXt;av6poc d n o X u t a x t o p F34.33 ad F50.25F65.394 AXc,av6poc c o n i u x Cleopatrae

AppavEpnc (2) AppEvepijc (1) AppEvepnc, (2) AppEVEpvrjc

F46.162

Apptbvioc, AXt;avdpUc, Apptovioc; d u x A e g y p t i Apouoic. F43c,2

330 A p v v t a c I . rex Macedoniae F82.17 A p u v t a c I I . r e x Macedoniae F82.23 A p u v t a c I I I . r e x Macedoniae F82.25.32 A p u v t a c I V . r e x Macedoniae F82.27 A p u p t e o c SdiTnc, F46.224 Aucpiytjric Aucpiocm Apcbv F51a,48 F65.235 F66,l F46,132.143; ApcpiKruco-v F 5 4 a , l l T71

Indices

2. Index nominum propriorum

331

A v t i y o v o c MaKeScbv

F65.225

AnoXXcovidc urbs E p i r i F65358 ATioXXcbvioc'EmSaupioc AnoXXcbvioc a t p a t r y y o c

F89.4

Apiatocpdvric F81a,10; F81b,8 A p i a t c o v Goupioc


)

A v t i y o v o c rex I u d a e o r u m F89,1.10.13.25s.29.35 Avtiyovoc I. Gonata, rex Macedoniae F82,50 AvtiKXrjc AGn,vaioc, Avtnc\f|c; Meaf|vioc, Avtipaxoc.'HXeioc, Avtioxsia Avtioxeic. Avtioxoi F83 F89.66 F84,3;T85a,4 F84,11 F84,10 F65,274 F65,205 F65.54 F65.116 F65.46 F82.48 A v t i y o v o c ; I I . rex M a c e d o n i a e

AnoXXcbvioc AXec,av5peuc F65330 F84,6.8

F65307.309

Apicppcov T 4 9 b l s ; F 5 4 a , 4 1 ; T 5 4 e , l ApKeaiXaoc MeyaXorcoXitr|c F65.259 Appevia Appevioi Appeoic adF23,18-20 adF23,18-20 F46.153

AnoXXcov F87a,8; F87b,8 Apa(3ec F87b,20; F89.15 Apa|3ia Apapdt ApBdKtic F34.79; a d F 8 7 b , 7 - 9 ; F23.19 F62.8.10 F82.13 F82.26 F893136

AprcaoaoGd v i d e AptaE,ept;r|c 6 Kai M a K p o x e i p Appdv T16c,12 F65.237 F65.238 F46.109 F46,217;F73,13 ApadKr|c ApaaKiSai Aparjc Apaivottr|c Aptd(3avoc F50.9 F34.55.81;

AvTiKpaTric'EniSa-upioc,

Apyaloc(l) Apyaioc(2)

Apcbc p r o p h e t a

ApyeToi F34,28; T47.5.11.35; T49a,1.3; F50.2.35 Apyovautai F34.91 A p y o c rex A r g i v o r u m A p y o c urbs Graeciae

F46.239; F73,20

Apcbc. r e x A e g y p t i 7.12 Apcboioc.

Avtioxoc; I I I . 6 Meyac AvtiTcatpoc,'HTtipcbtr|C

T 4 6 c , l .20; T46f,2; T 5 5 . 1 - 3 . 5 . v i d e 'Apcoaic F34,82s;

A v t i o x o c , I V . 6'Emcpavr|c AvtiTtatpoc, pater H e r o d i s

Apta^ep^r|C 6 K a i M a K p o x e i p F46.218; F73.14; ad F 7 3 . 9 - 1 4 ; a d T 7 8 a , l - 5 ; T78b,4; F79.2; F93,33.40.42.54s.57.78.96.100 Apta^ept;nc MvTJpcov F73.18; F81b,1.3.9 AptepiScopoc u a t e i p i o c AptuKac F62.13 F65.315

Apcoaic; r e x A e g y p t i

F87a,6.10; F87b,3.10; F89.24.62 AvTiTcatpoc; r e x M a c e d o n i a e F82.46 Avtcovivoc vide'EXayd(3aXoc Avtcovivoc Euaejiiic ( P i u s ) F65.373 Avtcovivoc, MdpKoc, nioc, ( M a r c u s Aurelius) Elagabalus) F65.397 Avtcbvioc t r i u m v i r F86.23; ad F89,1.5.9.20.22.28s.35.40s.45s A n d p e i a (vide e t i a m K e X a i v a i ) F23,18-20 AneXXaioc'HXeioc A m c deus F46.20 F34.78; F65.139 F65.382; F97.1 T9,2;T99,1.2 Avtcovivoc, (Caracalla sive A v t c o v i v o c 6 Kai K a p d K a X X o c

T 4 8 b , l ; F56.2; F 6 5 . 2 1 0 A p y o c 6 n a v d r c t r i c a d T 3 6 , 1 s; F56.ll ApSevc F63a,2.7; F63b,3.5 Apduooc Apeioc Apetac F63a,12 T49a,4 F87b,20 F65.130 F65.264 F65.368

F 4 6 . 2 0 9 ; T46c,1.3.4.6.9s.l3.17; T 4 6 d , 1 ; T46f,3s; T 4 6 g , 1; T 4 7 , 1 . 5.11.21s; T 4 8 b , l ; T55.29.43.45 Avavia T77a, 1 F81b,4 F65.48 Avac,ayopac

A v S p e a c A a K e 6 a i p o v i o c F65,298 A v S p o x X o c Meorjvioc, F65.299 A v S p o u e v r | c KopivGioc. F65.218.221 Av6p6viKoc T13b;adT39b,l-3; ad F54a,25-27 T 7 1 ; F83; T 9 3 d Av6p67topTtoc AvGrjStbv Avviavoc. Avoufhc, A V G E O T I C O V Apyeloc, F65.301 F89.31 T 1 3 a ; T 1 3 b ; T39b,4; F83 F43c,2 F65,388 F65,146 A v S p d u a x o c ApPpaKicbTrjc

Apec,icov T54f,5 Apr|C F24a,28; F 2 4 b , 2 8 ; F43b,12 Apr)xicov O i y a X e u c Apiateac MiXrjoioc MaidvSpioc Til,12 ApiotiTCTioc adF73,15-24 F87b,2 F65.191 F65.204 F6530.35 F65.268 ApiatofiouXoc Api0t66r|poc ApiatavSpoc AeaBioc

ApcpatdS F16c,2s; T16i,1.3.6; T161.1; T16n,1.2.5; T16o,2.5; T45,14;T473 ApxeXaoc rex L a c e d a e m o n i o r u m F58a,15 ApxeXaoc I . rex Macedoniae F82,20 ApxeXaoc I I . r e x M a c e d o n i a e F82,22 ApxeXaoc sacerdos S i c y o n i o r u m F51a,43 ApxiXoxoc KepKupaloc F65.138 Apxirrnoc ApxXriC AafjG Aaia F54a35 F46.125

A p i a t e a c E t p a r o v i K e u c rj F65.321 A p i o t e i S n c T 2 b , 7 ; T 2 c , l ; T3a,10;

Artie rex S i c y o n i o r u m F5 l a , 14 Arac rex A r g i v o r u m ATtkov F43c,4;T47,9 F65,356 T 4 7 , l l ; T 4 8 b , 4 ; F50,8 AnoXXocpdvnc 6 K a i n a m e Tapaeuc

Apiat66r)poc'HXeioc

Avou(3icov 6 K a i (Deiooc, AXcav6peuc Avoxac, T a p a v t i v o c F65.219

ApiotoXoxoc AGrpaioc Apiatopevr|c'P66toc Apiatopij6r|C ApiotoxeXr|c F59a,15

T46c,2; T 4 7 2 3 . 2 6 F34,50; F46.104; a d F 6 2 . 2 - 4 ;

A v x r j v o j p AGiyvaloc f\ MiXrjaioc

F89.6; F89.41 A o i a t i K O C AXiKapvaaeuc F 6 5 3 1 9

ad F 7 3 , 1 5 - 2 4

332 AcncdXtuv T 2 7 , l ; F 8 7 b , 9 A a K \ n T t i d 6 r | c ; ZiSibvioc, AaKXnTtioc; Aarcaaia AaorjG Aacnjpioi F46,38 F81a,4 vide-Aafj6 F24a,6.18.21.27.30; F65.311

Indices

2. Index nominum propriorum

333 F46.215; F46.221;

AxaC

F53,l;F58a,3.6;F59a,22;

TaBacbv raBiviot raBprrjX Tdoapa rd(a

F59b,2 F89,59 F93,83 F89.31

AapEioc I . rex P e r s a r u m F73.ll AapEidc. I I . rex P e r s a r u m F73.17; F 8 1 b , l Aapeloc, I I I . rex P e r s a r u m

F63a,5.17; F 6 4 a d . 5 ; F64b,2; T64e,3.7.9; F 7 6 . 1 ; F90b AxeXf] Axppn<; Axn<; Ax66r|C Axcoptq adF93,31-35 F46.149.152 F46.92 F46.227 F54a,56 F46.45

F89,31

rdioc; C a l i g u l a F65,335 rdXXoc; Kopvr|Xioc, F89.51 TauXavri re6eojv F89.32 T37.1.2

F46.240; F65.208; F 7 3 . 7 . 2 1 ; T78b,5 AauiS vide AaBi5 AepXaGd


AEKIOC,

F24b,6.22.27.29; F34.85; F46.207; T 4 9 a , 4 . 6 ; T 4 9 b , 2 ; a d F 5 4 a , 3 5 - 4 1 ; a d F 6 2 . 2 - 4 ; a d F70; ad F 7 3 . 2 - 6 ; T 9 3 c , 1 2 A a x p d l o c , pq.h\ Aarudyric Acm>v6pn ArXac Arpeuc; Artucr) adF54a,14-19 F65J56 F62,8d7

AxiXXeuc AXei;av6pu(; F65.361 Av)/av6poc AcbS T 3 6 . 1 BdctX/BrjX BaBuXtbv T77a,3s Baycoac Bai9fjX BdKtpoi BdKxic adF73,19 F30a,8 ad F73,15-24 F59a,12 F81a,7 F93.90 F59b,2 adF24,21-25;T49a,6s adF73,15-24 F46J4 F46,22 F46.59 F46.122 F50.17 F24a,30; F24b,30 F34.13; F65.208; a d

F72.3
T4aJ;T4bJ

Gelark'uni T88 TeXcov AdKtov F 6 5 d 15 Tepapa T 2 7 . 1 reibpYioc, h i s t o r i o g r a p h u s T 1 3 b ; F83 rXuKcov KpoTU)vidTr|c; Topoppa ropyiac T3b,l rpdxoc, ZaBivictvoc; F54d,7 rptyyopioc, 6 G a u p a t o u p y o c rprrydpioc, v i d e 0e65u>poc, Fpunoc; rvjyr|c; T85a,4 F63adl F65.92 T4a,2 F26,9 F 8 1 a J 2 ; F81b,7 F65.120 roGovinX F 5 6 , 6 ; T 5 6 a , l

Aeapcov Kopiv9ioc,

F65,60

AeuKaXicov T 3 6 J ; F46.141; a d F54a,10-13; F54b,8; T 5 5 . 1 0 . 2 2 . 25.35.37 AEuteXiSac AdKcuv Anpdpaxoci'Ecpeoioc; F65.108 F65.316

A a r t j a A o c KpotcovidTnc; a d T 3 6 , l s ; F54a,7; F50.24

F 2 4 a , 1 3 ; F24b,13

F56.3.4.11; T 5 6 a , l F34.26.28.47.77.93.98; a d

Anprixpiot; AXe<;av6peuc F65.244 Ariprjxptoc; I . rex M a c e d o n i a e F82.41 Ariprjxpioi; I I . rex M a c e d o n i a e F82.49 Anprjxpioc; rex Syriae Ar|pr|xpto<; XIoc, T86a,5 F81b,6 F65.263 F65.379

T 3 6 , l s ; T 4 7 . 3 6 ; a d F54a,6-9; F54b,3; T 5 4 c J . 3 ; T55.10.16 A T X I K O C , I c t p 8 i a v 6 c . F65,376 Auyapoc T88; F96J adF15,12Auyoucxoc, ( K a l a a p )

TopSiavoc; Auyouaxoc, T 3 a d ;

BaKxvXi5r|c; BaXxdaap Bdppojv Beviapiv BfjXoc, Brjaaoc, Birivexqc Bivu)9pic, Bixeptc; Bvcbv BoicuTia

T52.2

14; F 6 5 , 3 0 6 ; F86.22; ad F87b,5 (test.); F89.3.24.33.39.46.49; T 9 1 Aopavlxic, F89.32 AuTope6ojv r e x C o r i n t h i o r u m F58a,18; F 5 9 b , 5 AuxopeSojv sacerdos S i c y o n i o r u m F51a,44 Auxopevnc, Acp[6ac, AcpoBic, F59aJ9 F65.312 AutpiSioc, n a x p e t x ; F54a,24 F46.126 F62,15

AqpoKpixoc AB6r|pixnc AqpoKpixoc, Meyapguc, Aqpocptuv F54a,22

Bqpcoo-ooc 6 Ba(3uXcovioc F34.14

ruXic;AdKU)v Aa8i6

Aqpoa0Evr|c, AdKCOV F65.216 Ai6upoc, T10,2s


A i 8 u p o c K X I S E U C , AXi;av5pVjc;

a d F 3 5 J s ; T41a,18.21.23; F65J47 F65,328

T 4 1 b , 3 ; F60.5; T85a,2 AapdpqToc/Hpaieuc; Aapaaiac, Ru5iuvidxr|c, Aapvtb adF24,2-10 F65.275 F65J95 Aapaaiac, ApcpiTcoXixr|c, F65,215

F65.374
AIKCUV

ZupaKouaioc. F54a,39

F65J92 F65J37

BoicoToi T 6 1 . 1 BoiuJToc ZiKUiuvioc, F65,277 Bopeac; a d F54a, 14-19 BouSaoxrxai BouBaaxoc, F46.178 F46.18

Aioyvr|xoc.

Ai6yvr)xoc, Kpoxcovidxr|(; At66oxoc, TuavEuc, F34.16.33 AioiKqc, (Diycus) AioKXric KopivGioc, AiOKXqc; MEOrjvtoc, AioKXfjc'YTCETmvoc, F62J4

Aapoaxpaxoc, Aapiaaloc, F65.289 Adpcov AeXcpoq Adpcuv oupioc; Aavaoc AavtfjX 49.82 Adp6avoc, ad F50.22-24 F50.15 T 3 a , 3 ; T 1 2 . 5 ; T77a,1.3;

F65.313

Acppadpxr|c F24b,38 Acppoi Acppoc Acpoxpic; Axad(3

Aioficopoc T 1 0 . 3 ; a d F24,25s;

A<ppooixr| F 2 4 a , 1 4 ; F24b,14; F24b,12 F24a,ll;F24bdls T46b,3s;T46c,10.15s F90b

Boxxtupic; SaTxric, F46,192.196 BocbC T 4 1 a , 2 2 BpoOxxoc, Bcoxoc; T54d,8 F46.18

F65.59 F65,52 F65.294

T 7 7 b ; F78,3; T 7 8 a , l ; F93.20.

Aiovuoioc; AXEt;av6ptac, T 5 , 5

334

Indices

2. Index nominum propriorum

335

AIOVUOTOC,

6 ZauEuuuc,
F65.369 F65.378

EXiaKip EXtdaiPoc, EXXdc 'EXXctSiKoi

adF90a,2-4 F81b,2 F51a,ls T3a,8;T6d; F 5 1 a , l l ; F65.14

Epociac, "EaSpa Ea0r|p

F54a,57.59 F65.141 F34.22; F 7 9 J . 3 ; T 8 0 d d T78b,l;F90c F65J83

F90a,2-4; T92.7; T93a,3; T93c,ll;T93d;adF96,ls EuordOioc. T 1 0 . 3 EuoroXoc, It6rjrr|c, Eucppd-mc, Ecppaip ExupEuc, Zdpnc F65.186 T16d,3 "EcpECjoc, F95.2 adT36,ls F58a,10 F51a,27 adF24,27-37 F51a,38.40s; F51b,4 ExEorparoc; F65.365

AAficavSpeuc.

Epuijiac, X O X K I S E U C ,

Aiovucrioc; Z E X E U K E U C , F65J94Aiovuaoc, d e u s F54a,10-13 Ai6vu0oc r e x A e g y p t i AioorcoXrrai

Aiovua65copoc, Tapavttvoc, F34,90; a d F86.17.19

"EXXnvEC, ( G r a e c i )

Euayopac/HXEioc,

T8b,4;F34,1.4.9s.29.54.76. 88.103; T 3 6 . 2 ; T47,9.37; T48b,6; a d F 5 0 . 2 5 - 2 7 ; a d F54a,6-9. 18.46; T 5 5 . 9 ; F58a,6; a d F64a,4s; F 6 5 J s . 2 3 . 3 4 . 4 1 ; ad F 7 3 . 1 5 - 2 4 ; ad T75a,2s; F83; T 8 8 ; F 9 3 . 6 3 . 9 1 ; T 9 3 d ; F98.3 Eupd adT16a,2-13 T 2 a , l ; T 2 b , 3 ; T2c,4; F81b,6 'Eppaouc, T2d,l EpTtESoKXfic EvSupiwv F65.10

EufSaroc, Kupnvaioc, F65.179 EvpouXiSac, AaoSiKeuc, F65.336 Eu6aipa)v AXEt;av6piJc; F65.384 Eu8apoc, Ktuoc, F65.285 EOSnpoc,
EUVEOC,

F46.96.101.115.129.
F65.314

1 3 1 . 1 5 7 . 1 6 8 ; T46c,8; T 4 6 d , l
Aiocndvnc AIOXEUC;

F59a,14
F51a,46

Aio<pavnc, I l p o u o a E u c . Aopmavoc, A6puo0oc, ApdKCOv Avpaloc,

F65,320

Eu7t6XEpoc,'HXioc, EwtoXic, EupmiSnc F81b,4 EupufJaroc, AdKtov EupuKAeiodc, AdKoiv EupuKXf|c, AdKcov EupuAac, X O A K I S E U C , Ei)pua0uc F59a,2.5 Eup6J7tr|(l) Eupcimri (2) 52 EOptovj/ F51a,12

Z a p 0 F31,2 Zevh\nmoc;
ZEUC, ZEUC; adF54a,6-9 F24a,9.16s.21.32;

Aicov KuxtapiaaeVjc; F65,292 F65.355; T 9 2 , 2 F58a,12 T54f,1.2 F65.85 F65.247 AouvTvoc, T 1 0 . 3

F81a,10;F81b,8 T 5 4 f , 4 ; F56.4; T61,2;

F65.67.193 F65,102 F65.207 Zf|T

F24b,9.16.21.32; F60,2; F 6 5 , l l s Zf|vo)v p h i l o s o p h u s F81b,7 Zr\vcuv i m p e r a t o r R o m a n u s T 1 0 , 6 F46.189 F93.38 Zopo|3d(3X F34,20; T 7 8 b , 5 ; Zci)7tupoc, ZupaKouoioc, 'HynautTtoc T 8 b , 2 ; T 1 3 a 'HXEi('HXi) T 1 6 k , 4 ; F34.65; F65.246 F81a,12;

Eupu(3oc, A 0 n v a i o c , F65.82 F65.119

Evdic, T 1 6 a , 4 - 6 ; T 1 6 f J ; F 1 9 J . 3

Au)p60oc'P66ioc;

Evd)x T 1 6 a 9 s ; F 2 1 , l ; F 2 2 7 ;
) )

AarrdSnc; M e a r j v i o c ; F65,56 "E(3EP T16c,4s;T16d,1.4

T22a,l; T22b,6 Ec,dyvroc, A K p a y a v r i v o i ; EnaiVETOc. ApyEioc.


'EJIEIOC, F65,10

F65.177

F58a,4.8; F 5 8 b , l ; F34,90;F50J7 F46.105; a d F82.35-

F65.290

'E(3paToi T l b . l ; T 6 J . 1 3 ; F 1 4 b , 3 ; T16d,2;T16e,6;T16h,6;ad F 1 9 . 1 - 4 ; F34.7.10.12.22.66.97; T 4 1 a , 3 ; T 4 8 a , 2 ; ad F 5 1 a , 4 - 6 ; F 6 4 d , 8 ; a d F73.2-6; F76.2; T77b; T 8 0 a d ; T80b; T80c; F93,7.79.81;T93c,3.7; T 9 3 d "ESsaaa F 2 9 . 2 ; T88; F96.2; T 9 9 . 1
adT16c,7s

EmSaupoc; 6 K a i Appcovioc., AXfifcvSpEuc; F56.10 Emvuaoc, KuCiKnvoc,, 6 Kai Kuvdc. F65.395 ETtiTfiXiSac, AdKcov ETto7tEU<; "Epaaroc, F51a,29 F51a,22 F65.124 F65.372 E7ripr|0i3c, a d T 3 6 J s ; F54a,7;

EuaEfkoc, ( 6 IlapcpiXou)

Tla,9;

T40,1.4;T41b,2; F 5 9 b , l 'HXEIOI 'HXi F64d,3; F65,20s.40.85. 88.334.377 T7b,2; ad F 9 0 a , 2 - 4 ; F90c F65.358 F84.8 F65.398 F89.48 'HXioSojpoq (1) 'HXi66u)poc; (2) AXE?av6pi3<;

T l b . l ; T 5 , l ; T 7 b , 6 ; T8b,4; T9.3; T10,2;T13a;T13b;T16c,8; T16e4s;T16h,1.7;T16i,1.4; T16k,2.6; T16l,3; T16m,2; T 1 6 o , 1 . 6 ; a d F 2 3 . 1 8 - 2 0 ; T28b,2; T28c,3; T39a,3s; T39b,2.4; T40.2; T41b,4; T42,4; T45,7.11.18; F46.16; T 4 6 a , l ; T 4 6 b J ; T46c,8.11.13;T46d,ls; T 4 6 e j s ; T 4 6 f , 3 ; T46g,2; T47,4.27s;T48a,l;T52 3;
)

"E5va
"Etpa

'ECsKiac;

T68,3;adF70 F95,4 F65,293

F93.38

E p a r o a 0 e v n c ; Kporcovidrric. F65.126 E p d r t o v AiraiXoc, 'Epx0i6ai EpEx0uc, Epix06vioc, Eppfjc. F65.240 a d F54a,25-27 F54a,14s F54a,12 F65.354.357 F65.329

'HXioStopoc;, 6 Kai Tpa)0i6dpac;, "HXioc; filius Cleopatrae 'HXiounoXic, F46.21 "HrtEipoc, "Hpa F86,24;F89,4 F24a,10; F24b,10; F56.2 F65.252

EipnvaToc,

'EKardpvcoc'HXetoc toninus) F65.42 'EXeuaic


'EXiaKEip

'EXayd(3aXoc; ( M a r c u s A u r e l i u s A n adT2a,l-3;T2b,2; T 6 . 1 6 ; T 9 , 2 ; F29,3s; T54c,9s; F34.47 F46.64


a d T77a,3s

"HXioq deus F43a,10; F43b,10.14

F24a,34; F24b,34

T55,3s.30.40; T 5 7 , l ; F64a,l; T64e,1.3; T 6 8 . 5 ; T69,3; T 7 1 ; ad T 7 8 a , l - 5 ; F83; F86,25; T88; ad

E p p o y s v n c . Sdv9ioc, Emand T 8 8

'HpaKXEiSai a d F 5 4 a , 2 5 - 2 7 'HpaicXEiSnc, ZaXapivioc, 'HpdKXEiroc. F81b,3

'EXecpavrivn

EpuoyEvnc; nEpyapnvoc,

336 'HpaKAxiToc, Z d p i o c , F65.251 'HpaKXeoTtoXlrai 'HpaK\.fjc, F46,91.95 T3a,7;adT39,5s;

Indices

2. Index nominum propriorum

337

npaloi 0r|(3atc, r]oevc

F46,129s F89.49 F54a,20 a d F 7 3 . 1 5 - 2 4 ; F81a,3;

'Irioouc, 6 uidc/IcooEdEK T75a,6; T78b,5 'Inaodc, 6 T O U N a u f j T 1 6 k , 4 ; ad F93.37 F35,ls; F 3 9 a , l ; T 5 4 c , l ; F76.3 'lT)aou<; d peyac, iEpEdc, 'lKdpioc,"YTtnpaid(; TXiov 24 'Ivaxoc. F34,55.81;F43c,4; T47.5.35; T 4 8 a , 4 ; T48b,1.3s; T49a,2.8; F50.3.26; F51a,33; F65,262 T55.13.42; T 5 7 . 1 'Ivdoi 'I^itov F34,50 F59a,9 F65.245 F65,73

'iTTTtOKpdTTK ad F 7 3 . 9 - 1 4 ; F 8 1 b , 6 'InndXuToc. T5,5; T 8 8 ; T 9 3 d 'lTtTCopvr|C


ITCTCOC.

F54a,54 F65.104

F46,187; F65,8.12.26.28.38.249s. 268.287.296.302.322.332s; F98,3 'HpctcXtoc 'HpddoToc, F81b,4 'Hpcbdnc, a d F 1 5 . 1 2 - 1 4 ; F87a,7; F 8 7 b , 3 . 5 . 7 . 1 3 ; F89,1.6s.l2.15. 21.23s.28.30.33.42.47.59; T89a,2.4 "Hpcov A X s ^ a v S p e u c 'Haaiac, 'Head F58a,3 F 2 9 . 2 ; F31.1 F65.389 F65.380 F 3 4 . 8 3 ; F46,52; T47.10;

ouKudidnc, F81b,6 ouXic,

F89.30

'lTi7toa0vnc AdKUV F65.129.133

adF43a,12-17

'iTtTtdoTpaToc, KpoTu>viaTr]c
'iTTTtdaTpaToc, E E X E U K E U C , F65,260

oupac. ( v i d e e t i a m Apr]c) F24a,28; F24b,28 oupipaxoc, odcopic, pdKn 0U0Tr|<; F51a,17 F46,163 F46.105 F50.24

F34,92; F46.164; a d F50,22-

24; a d F 5 0 , 2 5 - 2 7 ; a d F54a,20-

ToadK

F29,l;F30a,14;F51a,10 F65.366

' I o a p i t u v AXE^avdpEuc, AXEtavdpEfJc. Tore F34.56

'Iaidojpoc, d Kai AptEpidaipoc, F65,391 F81b,5 F65,151

vpiXoc, AoTCEvdioc, upoiTnc, F54a,25

'IaoKpd-rr|c, d pfjrcup

Tadpaxoc, KpoTtovidTr|C,

"H<paicrroc, r e x S i c y o n i o r u m F51a,34 "Hcpataxoc d e u s F43b,7.10; aXfjc,' 6 MiAfjaioc; oAAoc dXmc; dpa apaic, eivirat
EXCJLOV AOKOJV

'IaKco(3 Edessenus F 8 3 'IaKd)(3 T 7 b , l s ; F14b,12; T28a,1.3; T28b,2s; T28c,3s.6; F 2 9 , l s ; FSOa.ljFSOb.S; T 3 2 . 1 - 3 . 5 ; T33b,2s; T 4 1 a , 2 8 ; T47.16;

'IoKdoTr| T 6 1 , 3
'IoXaTdac, ApyEioc, 'Iomrn Touda F89.31 F26,19 a d T39,3s; T 4 1 a , 2 0 ; T41b,5; 'IopSdvnc,

"IapaijX (1) T6,7; F34.46; T 3 8 , 1 ; a d T 3 9 b , l - 3 ; T40.6; T 4 5 . 5 ; T 4 7 . 1 0 ; T 4 8 b , 5 ; F54b,7; T 5 5 . 2 2 ; T 6 7 , l ; T68.1.4; F73.5 'IopafjX (2) (vide etiam'IaKU>(3) T28c,6; T41a,28 'Icrxupdc/Ipspaioc, 'iToXia F65,148 F24a.20.24; F24b.17.24;

F43a,7.10;

T54f,2

F51a,7.10; F90c; T 9 9 . 1 TdpeS Tdcpee TSaloc. T16a,8s; T 2 2 b , l adT16a,2-13;T54c,l F65.229 F87a,10; F87b,9 T77a,7

ad F54a,42-46; F58a,3.6; F59a,20.22; F62.6.19; F63a,17; F64d,8.14; T 6 4 e , l ; T 6 8 . 3 ; T 7 1 ; T77a,3.5; F82.6.53 ' I o u 6 a i o i T13a; F15.10; F34.81.82.84; a d F 3 4 . 3 1 - 3 4 ; T41a,28; F46.208; F50.6; F51a,19; F 5 9 , 1 ; F 6 0 , 4 ; F73.4; T75b,2s.7; F79.2; F82,3; F84.1.3; F85.1; T 8 5 a , l ; F86.6; F87a,15; F87b,4.21; F89,7.9.33.35.64; T 8 9 a , l ; F93.55.63.104; T93b,2 Toufirje T75a,3s.7; T 7 5 b , 1 . 5 'IouXiavoc, ( I u l i a n u s A u g u s t u s ) T7b,l 'IOUXLOC, K a l o a p F89.4 'Iouatoc, h i s t o r i o g r a p h u s a d F34,38; T 4 7 . 9 . 3 3 ; T48a,6; T48b,2 'iTtTtiac. F81a,12 ad F50,22-24 'iTtrtoddpEia F53.5; F65,304; 'Id)

F 3 4 , 1 6 . 3 2 ; F93,6 F65.77 F46.61 F66,2 F 8 l b , 5 ; ad F8 l b , 4 - 7 F46.17 F51a,15 F65.351 F65.303

0ap99ic

T 5 2 , l ; a d F81b,4-7; F89.39 191TOC, F53.1; F64d,4; F65.13.25.27.31.36 F34.56.89; F 5 6 . l l F59a,21; ad F64a,4s; T 7 1 ; ad F76.4; F64c,2; F64d,8.11.13; T 6 4 e , l 'IcuaKEip rex Iudae ad T77a,3s; T 7 7 b ; a d F 9 0 a , 2 - 4 'IcuaKsip s u m m u s sacerdos T75a,6s
'Ia>dvvrjc A V T I O X E U C . ( 1 ) a d T 1 0 , 1 - 4 'Icudvvnc; A V T I O X E U C , ( 2 ) T13b

T16c,11.12

rSoupaloi 'l(Kif|X T77b 'Iepo(5adX,

'lE(d|3EX F 9 0 b 'IepEpiac, F34,14; T 7 1 ; a d T77a,3s; T37.2.3 T9,3; T92,7 T6.14; ad T17.1;

CUTX|TOC;

'IcodSap

Eodoxoc,

eddtopot; ( r p n y d p i o O T 7 a , l eddcopoq Mscrrjvioc, Edvopoc, F51a,47

'lpo(5codp T 6 9 . 1 Hieronymus 'IepowaXrjp

EdnopTtoc, EooaXdc; F65.171 EdcpiXoc, T 1 0 , 3 EpaiTtnoc; EaTtiedc, F54a,36.44 F54a,42

T41a,8; T 4 2 , l ; F46.204.207; F64a,5; F64c,3; F64d,12; T64e,7; F72.3.4; F 7 3 . 2 - 6 ; T75b,3.5.9; a d T77a,3s; a d T 7 8 a , l - 5 ; F79.3; F81b,2; F82.6; F84.6; F93,33.35. 42.55.97.101 'Ieoaai T41a,23; F60,5 a d T77a,3s 'kvoviac,

'Iojdvvr|c, d dTtooxoXoc, F95.2 'Icodwrjc, uidc, Zipcovoc, T 8 5 a , l 'Iojdc,


'IGJB

E T T o X i a a d T 3 6 , 1 s; a d F54a, 1 0 13; F 5 4 b , 8 ; T 5 5 . l l . 2 3 . 3 8 Eujvac, d Kai Xpdpaydoc., AXeciavdpeuc, @f)|3ai T61.1.4 F65.362

F90a,l F46.204; F 7 2 , l s F85.1


F31.2

'Iojdxa(

'IcovaGrjc, (TpKavdc.) 'Iwvdc, F66.1

338 "Iujvec, F 3 4 . 9 2 ; a d F54a,25-27 F34.20; T78b,5

Indices

2. Index nominum propriorum

339 T8a,5

Kdcrrtop ffater Pollucis a d F54a,20-24 Kdaxcup h i s t o r i o g r a p h u s F34.16.32; T52,3 Kdxojv T52.2 KeBr|C F81a,l F34.72; ad T 3 6 , l s ; KKpov|/(l)

Kvooaaoc K65poc Kotvoc. Kopatoc, KopaS. Koprj

F56,8 F54a,27s.32s

KcovoTdvTioc

'IcoaeSeK F89.27

KcoaravTivoc T 1 3 a
Kcoxtbpri F46.9 Ad(3av Aapivioc Aayi5ai Adyoc F30b,5 adF54a,20-24 F89.53 F86.2.5 F65.228 F65.136 a d F50.25-27;

IwcmTtTtoc; d5eXcp6c;'Hpoj5oi) 'I<bar|7T7TOC ( F l a v i u s Iosephus) T 1 3 a ; T 1 3 b ; a d F 2 3 . 1 8 - 2 0 ; ad F34.38; T 4 7 . 9 . 2 9 . 3 2 ; T48a,6; T 4 8 b , 2 ; F 7 9 . 4 ; T 8 0 b ; T80c; T 8 0 d , 4 ; F 8 5 . 1 ; F87b,5; T88; T92.1 'Ioj)orj9 (1) T 7 b , l s ; T28a,2; T28b,2.4; T 2 8 c , 4 ; F 3 0 b , l ; T32.2-4; F33,2;T33a,ls; T33b,2; T 4 1 a , 2 7 ; T45.4; T 4 6 b 3 ; T46c,11.18; T47.16 l ( o o % (2) a d F 9 0 a , 2 - 4 ; F90c l<uofj<p 6 si; A p i ( i a 8 a i a c T93c,5 'Iooaiag Kad9 T 7 1 ; F 7 2 , 1 ; a d T77a,3s T32.1.6 F50,17;F54a,17 F46,20 T16a,6s a d T16c,2-6; T16i3-5;

F82,10 F65,91 F51a,28 F34,90 F59a,ls.5s.20; F59b,3.6

KopoSoc. F65.387; F97.1

AaBarrnc F 5 8 a . l l

T 4 7 , 3 1 ; F54a,4s.8.10.28s.47.59; F 5 4 b , 4 - 6 ; T55.18-20.36; F56.12; T 5 7 . 1 KKpo\j/(2) KeXatvai KevKevrjc Kevtaupoi F54a,15s F46.7 F34.91 F23.19

KopivGioi

KopoiBoc;'HXeioc. F64a,4; F64d,2; F64e,6; F65.33.44 KopuBavtec Koupqteia KoupfjTec Kpavaoc F56.8 (vide e t i a m F56.8
ZIKUCOVIOC

Ad6acAiytet3c AaKeSaipovioi

A d S p o p o c AdKcov

A K a p v a v i a ) F56.7 F65.375 F82,8s

F58a,ls.5.19; F58b,1.5; F59a,2s.5; F59b,3; a d F81a,3-5 AaKe6aiptov AaKepia F65.81 adF24,10-14

K e p d c A p y e i o c F65.223 Kepcpepr|C F46,47 Kij(3 F43b,14 F89.20 adF73,9-14 F24b,40 F65337 F65.258 F65.206 KiXiKEC, ad F89,18-22 KiXiKia Kipdp8ioc Kivupoq Kic KXadStoc, F59b,l

K p a v a o c rex M a c e d o n i a e K p a v a o c rex A t h e n i e n s i u m F54a,10; F54b,5.7; T 5 5 . l l . 19.21.25.27.36 Kpac,iXac QeaaaXoc K p d r n c AXecavSpeuc Kpdrric'HXEIOC Kpetov Kprjrn Kpiaaoc Kpoiaoc Kpovoc T54c,5 F24a,26; F24b,26 F50.10 K p a x t v o c Msyapeuc

A d p a x o c T a u p o p e v i x r i c F65.300 Adpex T16a,12s; T16g,4; F22.8; T22a,2s A d p m c AdKojv AaopeScov Aaxdpric Aela F65.68 A d v S q c A p y e l o c F65.160 a d F50.25-27; F51a,30 F46.109

F65.96 F65.248 F65.90

KdSpoc Kaisxcoc, Kdiv

F65.188

F22,7;F23,5

K a i v a v (1) K d i v d v (2)

KXeiToatpaTOc'PoSioc KXe65tKOC F54a,53 K A e o p a v u c KXerropioc


KXEO^EVOC;

T28c,l

A e u i T 2 8 b , l ; T28c,2.3; F 3 0 a , l ; T 3 2 . 1 ; T 3 3 b , 2 ; T41b,5; F90c AeuKdrric AetOKpdTr|c F86.24 F54a,55 F65265.269 F65,57

T 1 6 k , 1 . 4 ; T161,2s; T 1 6 m , I s ; T 1 6 n , 1 . 5 . 7 ; T 1 6 o , 2 . 5 ; T16q,2; T 4 5 . 1 4 . 1 7 ; T 4 7 . 3 ; T93c,13 Kaiadpeia KaXXiGuia KaXAipaxoc, F89.61 F56,2 F65.35 F65,79 F65,363

AXE^avSpEiic, F 6 5 . 2 4 1
T2c,5

Kpiaaoov'Ipepaloc

F65.168 F65.184

KXeonac,

F63a,3.15;F63b,5s;F74,3 F24a,4.10.15; F50.13 F62.16 adF87b,7-9 F65.252; F66.3 T91 F34.15.19.22.42s.59.67.75;

AeOKiTtTtoc F51a,18s Aeu)vi6ac'P66toc

KXeoTtdrpa regina A e g y p t i F86.16.18.21.23; F89.2.17.19.36. 41.45.47s.56 KXEOTtdtpa filia Ptolemaei Philometoris T86a,4 F65.76 KXeortToXepoc AdKtov KXecov8ac 0 r | (ktioc

KpoKivac Aapiaaaioc

KaXXiicXrjc i 6 c b v i o c F65.342 KaXXia6evr|c A d K t o v KdAAicrroc 2;i8fJTr|c

F24b,4.10.15; F43b,14 KportoTtoc KTrioiac Kuac,dpr|c KuTtpivr] Korcpoc KupiXXoc KOpoc F34.53

Aetovi6r|c T l a , 6 ; T l b , 4 Aeurvdpric Merrrjvioc Aipuec AiBun F46.35 F24a,12; F 8 6 . 1

KapBuonc, r e x P e r s a r u m F46.213; F73,9; T 7 5 a , 2 . 7 ; T 7 5 b , 1 0 Kaurtavoi Kav8ai3Xr|c Kdpveioc, adF81b,4-7 F63a,10 F65,249 F51a,42 F82,39.40

KXoov'ETti8ai3pioc, F65.114 F65,111 Tla,2; KXr|pr|c, (6 OTptopaxeuc)

K u X t o v A 0 r | v a l o c F65.99

AiKtvioc T 8 b , 6 AoiJKac AXecavSpeiic F65.371


AOUKIOC

Bfjpoc F50.16

F65.382 F65.93

T 4 a , l ; T 4 b , l ; T 5 , 5 ; T8a,3; T 8 b , 2 ; T10.3; ad F34.38; T 4 7 . 3 3 ; T48a,5; T48b,2; T 7 7 b ; F97,2 K X i r o ) v MaKeScov F65.209

AuySapic EupaKouaioc AuyKeuc AuSol

Kdrtpoc'HXeioc Kdaoav6poc

F62.2.8.21.22; F63a,3; F65.134; F73.2.8; F74,2.5s; T 7 5 a , l ; T 7 7 b ; F93.36.47

F62.22; F63a,ls.5.16;

F63b,1.3.5.7; F73.2; F74.1


AUKIVOC

KpoTcovidTr)c F65.123

340

Indices

2. Index nominum propriorvrm

341 T93c,6 F89.50 T2a,l;

AUKOC;

Aapiaaaioc;
F65.27
ACXKCOV

F65,167 F65,H3

MeXav9oc; MeXeaypoc MeXiaaoc;


MEXXI

F54a,26 F82.45 F81b,4 F46.146

MuKfjvai

adF50,22-24

NiK65npoc,

AuKOupyoc;

Mcouofjc; T 7 b , 4 ; T 1 0 , l ; F 1 4 b , 1 2 ; F15.12; T16c,7s; T 3 3 a , l ; F34.40. 46.58.59.61.68.75.77.80.83.89. 96;T41a,1.7.15.19.24.26.29; T 4 1 b , l ; T 4 5 . 5 . 1 4 ; F46.132.134; T46C.4.6.14.18; T47.1.6.17.31. 35.38; T48a,2; T 4 8 b , 4 ; T49a,5.7; F50.4.7; F54b,7; T55,5s.8.22. 32.43; T80c; a d F87b,5 ( t e s t ) ; T93C.16 F65.243 Naaocov T41a,19.21s F65.145

NiKopaxoc; <t>iXa8eX9euc; F 6 5 . 2 8 1 N I K O T I O X I C ; urbs Graeciae T2b,3;T2c,6;T2d,2 Niveui Nivoc; Ni6(3r| F66.2 F24a,17.27;F24b,12.27; T48b,4 NiKOTtoXic urbs Palaestinae

AuKCOTac;
Acbt

Auaipaxoc,

F82,43

ad F 9 0 a , 2 - 4 ; F90c

526,7:8

Mepvcov Mspcpiq MEpcpttai Mv8r|oioi

F46.5.20.118 F46,34.50.76.88s F46.225 F54a,21 F46.81 F65.69 F46.57 F46.71

M d y v o c ; AiBuc; Kupnvaloc; F65,390 MaGouadXa T16a.10.12; T 1 6 g , 4 ; T 1 6 o , 6 ; T 1 6 q , 4 ; F22.1.7; T 2 2 a , l s . 6 ; T22b,4s Maiav6po<; MaxeSovec; F65.222.286.318 T 6 . 2 . 1 6 ; F46.245;

MevavSpoc; e a a a X e u c ;

F34.50; T49a,6.7; T 9 3 c , l l Nisibis T88 NiTCOKptc; F46.82 Ncbe T 6 , 4 ; T 1 6 a , 1 3 ; T 1 6 b , 2 . 3 ; T16d,5;T16g,l;T22a,4; F23,15.16.18;adF24,2-10; F35,1;F44,1;F76,3 Hdv9o<; 6 Boicimoc; a d F 5 4 a , 2 5 - 2 7 SevoicXfjc; Meafjvioc. Hevo9dvr)c; ALrcoXdc; Hevo9d)v KopivGioc; F73.12 Sepi;nc; I I . rex Persarum F46,219.221;F73,15; T 7 5 b , l Sottai F46.116 a d F54a,20-24 F65.55 F65.235 F65.162 F46.216;

MeveXaoc; a d F 5 0 . 2 5 - 2 7 ; F58a,14 MeveoGeuc; MeveoGeuc; BapKuXitnc; MsvOEOoucpic; M.Evxpr|C (1) MEVXEpnc; (2) MsoaTtTioc; Mevoc; Meyapeuc;

F 6 5 . 2 3 7 ; F82,ls.7.34.36.53; F84.3; F 8 6 . 2 ; F89.55; F93.51 MaKeSovia MaKplvoc; MaAeXsfjX MdAixoc; Mavaaafj Mave9cov MapdGioc; F 7 3 . 2 2 ; F82.8 T2b,2;Tll,6 T16a,7.8 F89.15 F70,l;F90b F 4 3 a , 3 ; T45.2; F46.98. F51a,26 F5 la,25 T78b,l

Na(3ouxo8ov60cup F34.12.14; ad F73.9-14; T 7 5 a , 2 ; T75b,10; T77a,2 N a o u u F66.1 Napofjc; ad F73,15-24 Naudtoc; T4b,2 Naxcbp T 1 6 c , 1 0 - 1 2 Neepiac; T 7 8 b , 3 ; a d T 7 8 a , l - 5 ; T80d,l;F93,34.40.43.55.98 N e i K o a t p a t o c ; AiyedTnc; NetXoc; F46.27 F46.232 NeKtaveBnc; F65.332

F51a,21

MEOOTCOTapia T 2 8 a , l MeoTpdip F 4 4 , l s ; T 4 5 , l
MEOCUXPIC; F46.42

Mavarjp T 6 7 . 1 MavSdvJKnc; F 2 . 1 2 10O.166s.243;T46c,18 MapaGcuvioc, MapSoxaloc; Mapia T91 M a p i c o v Mapicuvoc, AXei;av5puc; F65.302 MapKCcov F93.105 MdpKOc; AuprjAioc; AVTCOVTVOC, v i d e EXavdpcxXoc; MapoSax a d F70 T75a,l Mashtots' T 8 8 MacaccyeTai MaxMv Max9&T MeyaicXfjc; Meyapetc; MeScov a d F 9 0 a , 2 - 4 ; F90c F90c F54a,38 F81a,4
F46.79

Hevo9cbv ad F73,15-24 Sepc;nc; I . rex Persarum

Mr)8ia Mfjooi MfjXoc;

F62.8 F62,ls.5.7.18.22; F73.2 adF54a,20-24 F46.ll F65.212 F65.256

Mrjvnc; eeivixnc; F46.3.20 Mie|3i86c; MiCarjX T 7 7 a , l MiK[vac,'P66ioc;


MIKICOV

NeKtdveBoc; T 4 5 . 1 ; F46.234 Nepeaiac; Nepouac; Nepcov T75b,8 F65.360 F65,341.345.347;T78a,3 F46.172 F46.27 F46.67

Boicimoc; F63a,9

'Oouaoeuc; DCiac; DGonc;

MiKpivac; T a p a v Tivoc; F65.202 MiXni; MiXcov KpoTcovidTnc; Mivcov AGnvaloc; Mivcotaupoc; Miaacppic; F34.91 F65.142

F59a,21;F62,6.19; F46.77

Ne9eXxpnc; F65.185

F82.3.6S.53

Ne9epixnc; F46.226 Ne9epxepnc; (1) Ne9epxepnc; (2) Ne90piTnc Nexacb(l) Nexepcu9rjc;

Oi|3cuTac; Aupatoc; F65.51 OiSircouc; T 6 1 . 3 Oivopaoc; F50.22; F 6 5 . l l OicraBiavoc;/ 'Oicraouioc; v i d e AuyouoToc; 'OXo9epvr|c; T75a,3s.6s; T 7 5 b , 4 "OXuprcoc; F65.320

F46.140

F46.229 F46.202 F46.35 F65.153

MiacppaYpouGcoaic; F46.141.143; T46c,2.6; T 4 6 g , 1 . 5 ; T47.12; T55,1.4s.l3.27.29.31.38.45 Mvaai|3ouXoc;'EXaTeuc; Movravoc; F97.3 F65.254 F65.381

Nexacb (2) F46.204; T 4 7 . 1 8 ; F72.3 Nexe\l/cbc; F46.201 NiKaaiac'OTCOOVTIOC; NiKdrcup Kupnvaloc; F65.229
NiKo8npoc; AaKe8aip6vio<;

'OXuv9euc; AdKcov "Oprjpoc; Dveiac; F84.1.4.5.9

F65.106.110

F54a,33 F51a,45

M o r i c a u i t u s videEXayd|3aXoc; Moaxoc; KoXocpcbvioc; Mouaiavoc; Tla,7

F46,163;adF54a,10-13 F65.261

ME9OUOOU9IC;

Methudutus

F65.282

DvqaiKpiToc; ZaXapivioc;

a a a a a hd " "9 p p pw S> S S 9 9 <: i - hd p j i o P - to w hrj J* H > " H ^ to h- O J CD ( iH


1

a a a a a p P P p <: <: "E= < < Oo Oo flv G E <t -e p - o tO hP P hd

a
5 P7*.

a p-4
s

ps w io
^

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T a 4^ o
T1
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y 2 io i
ON

hd rj-<! Ul jn
ON

ft"

Ul < P j-i U J hd
ON

ON

-S ^ 3. 3 NO 5 00 J hd Ul 00 p
Ul .H
01
1

O cj -T*< ro p Q P S -e P d o o
O Q Q

.
1

5' Ul

i ON n
H

O O O O O o o O O O O O O 5Q cJ- * p~ p Q Q o Q " O " O - O - D - O o o 2 p CD O i f l ^ -e > J >*>t "O - D -5 e-e ^ 5 f f e- e-3 J I M 'm, <; H hd ^ 00 ^ n >; 4*. hd hd NO & NO 5* o 2' ^ ON S) 1 ON ON UJ -<i " ON | O cc ^ ON P ON O N s ON ^ H ui o y

-D 5)-

0 O O O O ^ - J~rt <i N< c;^ ci g. o CD -o o v-1 3 hd *ON UJ

Ul

ui J~> ^ 11 p a ui O
to "

^ *

5 <

H
P

en

<i

to

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hd
Ul

s
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00

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hrl 00

to era to <: o "O * 5" U l p o 0' c 2 /1 hd ON hd Ul


Ul
ON

? e

IS M s

a a o
Q

a ho
NO

hd to to I

UJ UJ UJ 4^ 1 Ul
1

&. hd
00 NO

Hj hd v ON
Ul Ul
01

to cc H
1 10

11 UJ CO

a a a a ro ro -o -o 3 Oo 3 Oo 3 Oo hd ro^ CD ^ - D <; ui a to 0 0 / 1 n I 15 $ p >s ! - I O O hd to

a I to <;
Ul _3 Q
1

a a a a ro ro ro Q

SI

P- > J

Ul ON NO

hd
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to

u>
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to cr p J^l U l hd ho hd . UJ hd UJ ON 00 tO * v SO pi h to hU l rx C ON *. H to to Uo ~J to hd l 00 P hd h1 ^ 1
-

Ul

hd

Q Phd

00 o y to 2, o ui P / l ui hrl ON hd tO U l ij;

p P - O "O CJ- Q Q P P < A P7-1

a p
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ro ro ro ro

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00

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I p J1 to O p ^ 0 0 7N ro - p ~o hd a, d UJ ' T l
"TO

a o

W p 3 i= 2

00

p p-

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IJ I

P,

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<: P

I 5 22

5 f

T9

UJ

p
"10

ui y tO h-

a a a
- O - D - D

a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a - 0 - 0 - 0 - 0 - 0 - 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0

a a a a a a a 00-0- o o o x

a a a a a ^ 3 5 5 5'

a a a a
S S 3

' ? !

a 45

P - 00 H r f

H O C y < ^

' l | J - H ^ S

P O h ' 3

N O P -

ON t l S

s 33

^ s-S
00

g
8

s
K

e 5gg a a

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2 O ? N O U N

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K o S

H 00
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ggS
ui N ON, T
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hdhrtHHHHhrthHlTHh-l

H-I l-H l-H 1-1 1-H

t 1 !~t ! ~ I

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hi

11

hi

tl

344 'Pea F 2 4 a , 7 . 1 8 ; F24b,7 F53,2;F65,47 adF50,ll-14;F66,2 F65.351 T6,2.17;Tll,6;F14b,3;

Indices

2. Index nominum propriorum

345

ZePepxepir; F46.60 Z(3fjpoc, ( L . S e p t i m i u s Severus) T l a , l ; F65.43.392 ZeP'Xwc. F46.196 Ze|3oJip F26.9 ZsdeKiac ad F76.4; T77a,5s; T 7 7 b Z0vr|c ZEGpotTric
ZE9U)C

ZiKUcovioi F51a,ls.6s.40.52; F 5 1 b , l Zipiac, F 8 1 a , l


Zippiac, Z E X E U K E U C , F65.283

Zupia

a d F24.2-10; F34.79;

'Pijuoc. 'PoSoc, Pcupaioi

F56.10; T75a,4; F 8 4 . l l ; F8925.32 Zupot Zupoc, F26,10;T93d F56.9 F65.98 adF73,9-14 F65,236

P r f d X a o c ; AdKtov F65.109 PddtovKupcuoc,

ZipuXoc, NEarcoXiTrn; Sinope T 8 8 Zioiptjc F46.68 Siunik' T 8 8

Ziptov F 8 4 , 1 . 5 . 9 ; F 8 5 , l ; T 8 5 a , l

Z9aipoc, AdKtov Z9v5dTic; Z9iyr; T 6 1 . 3

F 2 9 , 3 ; T 5 2 , 2 ; T54c,7.10; F65.42.304.306.323.335.337. 341.3 50.353.355.360.367. 373.3 82.387.392.397; T78a,3; F82,2;adF87b,5;F89,3.56; T99.1 'PcuueXioc; T 6 8 . 1 Pibpn T 5 2 , l ; F53.2; F65.53.291; a d F 8 1 b , 4 - 7 ; F 8 4 . l l ; F89.5.23.40 Ptbpoc; v i d e P f j u o < ; PtopuAoc, Ea(3dKOJv Eadudrnc; Eattrjc EaKia F53.2.4; F65.47.53 F46.194 F63a,13

F46.25 F46.120
F46.158

Z K d p a v 8 p o c AXc,av6puc, F65.308 ZKdpavdpoc, MiTuXiyvcuoc,


F83

ZcoKparric. F65.377; ad F 7 3 , 1 5 - 2 4 ; F81a,1.9; F81b,7 Zcbrcaxpoc, ApyEioc, Ztbpic, Zoic, F46.51 F43a,12;F43b,12 T2b,4; T i l , 8 ; T12,4 F62.ll F82.47 F65.190 F65,310

ZEiprjvEc ad F 5 4 a , 2 0 - 2 4
ZEKTOC, T12.1 Z E X E U K O C , I . r e x Syriae

F65.159 ZKEpiocppic. F46.113 ZKuXXa adF54a,20-24 F46.170 F73.10 F26.8.9 ZpEvdijc Zpspdic. Zddopa

Z E X E U K O C , I V . OiXorcdTtop r e x

Syriae
ZEXEUKOC

F84,7.10s MaKEdcov T54d,7 F89,48 F65,231

Zojadvva Zcboappoc, ZojaGEvnc. Zujatoc, Zunkpic,

ZEXEUKOC; ( M . Flavius Vitellius

Seleucus)

ZoySiavdc. F46.220; F 7 3 . 1 6 ZoXopcov T 4 1 a , 1 . 7 . 1 5 ; T 4 1 b , 3 ; T42,1;T69,2; T85a,2 ZdXtov F15,6;T54f2 T47.18 T3a,4 F46.52 F46.56 F34.90 F46J24 F65.359 F46.200 F65.97 F65.295 F65.352

F89.26 F46.43

ZEXrjvri filia Cleopatrae T40.5 ZEpsXri adF54a,10-13 ZEpp\|/nc, F46,12

ZcbaircTtoc, AEX90C,

ZspEiyap ad T 3 6 , l s ; a d T 3 9 b , l - 4 ;

Zaxpptov ApPpaKicoTnc. F65.172


TQKEXCOGK; F46.182

F46.119 F 89,32

ZouaaKEip Zouadvva Zoufic(l) Zou9ic(2) ZnapToi Zradv

EaXd T16c,3.4;T16i,2.3.4.7; T16k,l;T16l,3;T16m,l; T16n,2.6 EaXpavaaap EoXptbv Eapa-vsc EapdpEicx Sapapelxai T93d Edpioi F74.1.5 T16k,5;F34,65;F35,l; T 3 9 b , l ; T41a,12 T41b,2;F58a 5;F59,l;
)

Zepipapic. F24a,7; F 2 4 b , 7 ; F34,51; T93c,12 ZEpoux T16c,9.10 F46,102 F46.104 F46.179 ZEodyxtooic,
ZEOCOYXK

TaviTcu Tavxpr]C, TdpKOc, Tapadc,

F46.169.185 F46.72 adF89,18-22 F46.197

T77a,4

Zo90KXrjc F81a,10; F 8 1 b , 3

T41a,22 a d T39,5s T 6 9 , 1 ; T77a,4; T85a,3; T16e,7; T16h,5.7;

TaTiavdc, a d F34.38; T48a,5; T48b,3 T9po)oic T46c,2; T47.23


TEXEC-THC

ZEacoorpic,

ZEOcoxpic, F46.29 ZEufjpoc, vide ZE(3r]poc ZEcppf|c F46,66 Znycop Zrj9 Zrjp F26,9 T16a,2.4; F18; a d F 1 9 . 1 - 4 ; adT16a,2-13;T16c,2; adF54a,10-13 F46.46
F50,14

ZT9avoc, KaTtrtddoi; ZT9tvdTr)c Z t d p a c , AGnvaloc, AXEC,av6peuc, Ztpd-rcov ZuXXa ZupEtbv F89.60

F89.59.63

F59a,18 F65.66 F65,189

T E X X I C ; ZiKutbvioc,
TEXXIV F51a,13

ZtpatdviKoc, K o p p d y o u

TEpivaioc'HXEioc, Tecbc F46.233 F58a,16 TrjXEKXoc,

ZapovijX. Zaufcbv ZctouA

F22.7; F23.3 T 1 6 g , l ; T161.1; F24a,2; F24b,2 Zrjpaxoc, Zfjcpoupic.


Z9EVEXOC;

T 4 1 b , 2 ; F60.4

Z t p d T t o v AXeljavdpEuc, F65,291

Ti|3pioc, F65,323.325; F78,5s.9s; T 9 2 , 5 ; F93.14.52.58.80; T 9 3 b , l Tiyptc. F65.283 F65.187 F65.154 Tipaioc'HXEloc F65.174

F30a, 1; a d T 3 9 , 3 s ; F90a,4

F 5 9 a , 2 0 ; F60.1.4; F76,2 EapaTTioJA' AXec;av6pvjc F65.331 Za-ropvLXoc, Kprjt; ropruvioc, F65.396 Ee(ievvu-rai F46.231

Zuppaxoc, MEaorjvioc scripturae Tlb,l

Zuppaxoc, translator sacrae

ZiKEXia ZiKipa ZtKUcov

F81,14 F30a,2-4 F51a,31

Tipd9Eoc, TpaXXiavdc, F65,276 TiaiKpdxnc, KpoTcovidTnc,


TITOC

F65.353

346 TXdc, F46,24 T75a,l F65.163 F46.44 F46.145 F 6 5 . 3 6 0 ; F95.1 F89,31 F50.12 F65,346

Indices

2. Index nominum propriorum

347 F46.175 F46.171.176

OEpEKXfjc; p r i n c e p s A t h e n i e n s i u m T 4 9 b , l ; F54a,40; T 5 4 e , l O i X i v o c Kcboc, OtXivoc a r c h o n F82.14 OiXmTtoc I I . r e x Macedoniae a d F 7 3 , 1 5 - 2 4 ; F82.31; a d F86,22s OiXiroroc, I I I . r e x Macedoniae F82,36.38 <J>iXi7t7toc; V . r e x Macedoniae F82,51 (DiXopBpoToc, AdKtov cDiXoprjAa OiXoxopoc. OiXupa F65.61 Qioc Ottoy F65.80 adF54a,10-13 F34.32.73 F65,112 F65.232 T54d,7

Xdpu|35ic XePprjc X(3pcoc;


XEXKIOC

adF54a,20-24 F46.151 F46.136


T71

^ivaxnc
'fl(3ij8

Tourjpic;

youoEvvric

Topuupac eaaaXoc Toaepxaaic; TouGptooic Tpaiavoc Tpdxcuv TpiOTtac. Tpoia Tpcoac. Tupeic, TucpuVv Urha Yesov T 6 a o p 8 p o c ; - F46.38

T41a,22 F34,27.38.41.43.46.51.54.

OiXiTtTioc; I . r e x Macedoniae

Xfivepijc XEOA|/ Xspqc

F46,30 F46.69 F65.86.89 F26,ll F65.117

"DVVJYOC

F46,53

57.71s.75.98; T 4 7 3 6 s ; F 5 4 b , 2 . 6 ; T54c,2; T55,10.16.20.24.31. 34.37.46 'fipryEvric T l a , 6 . 8 ; T l b , 4 ; T 2 b 4 . 7 ;


>

Xiovic AdKtov XoSoXXayopop

vide "IXiov F65.308 F46.41 F82,ll F43a,17

X p u a o y o v o c NiKasuc; F65.279 Xpuaopa^oc; AdKtov YappexepiTric ^appijxixoc YdppouGic ^appoOc

T3a,2.4; T5.1.6; T8a,4; T l 1,8.11; T12.4; F 9 7 3 'flpiGuia adF54a,14-19 Tlpoc;


7

Tpucpcov ttuXaSeXcpEuc

F46.210 F46,203

F46.148 F43a,15 F66,1;T68,2 F65,181;F73,19

Tupip.pac

f2poc

F46.206.228 F46.188

'nar|E Tixoc

<J>iX6pr|Xoc. cDapodXioc F65.227 vide "E8eaoa T13a adF24,10-14

'Y7tEpPio<; Z u p a K o i i a t o c ; F65.176 'YTtnvoc;'HXeioc; F85.2 Y p K a v o c ; I I . s u m m u s sacerdos et rex F87a,15;F87b,l.17.20; F89,1.8.13;T89a,ls 'YCTTdarrric; F 4 6 . 2 1 5 ; a d F 7 3 . 9 - 1 4 <Da6cov adF54a,10-13 F65.255 F65,135 'YpKavoc, I . s u m m u s sacerdos

OiXtoTac, Zu|3ap[Tr|c; F46.78

F 4 6 . 8 0 ; ad F46,80 F34,17;F93,14;T93a,l F15,9;F46,118;F84,6 F 5 0 . l l ; F54a,37 F34.28.54.55.78;

OXdKKOt; AcruXatoc T 9 3 b , l (DXeycov


OOIVIKEC

QopBac

OoptovEUc

T 4 7 . 5 . 1 0 . 3 5 . 3 8 ; T48b,4; F50.5; T55.24.42 Opadptric; Opuyia adF89,18-22 F65.100 F65.198 F23.20; a d F97.2-4 adF58b,l-5 <t>ai5ipoc AXe^avSpeuc; O a i S p o c cDapadXioc
OUKEE

T68.1.5 T16c,5.7s; T16e,1.8s;

O p u v t o v A0r)valo<; OuXtatiatoi OtoKiSric; A9r|vaIo<; Xaipqc XaXSaloi Xdp T91 Xavadv F46.26

<t>aK0iac; T 6 7 . 1 (DaXsK F25.2; F 9 4 . 1 C>aXKiac; ( v i d e e t i a m O a K E o i a c ) a d T 6 7 , l ; adT68,4s <Davdc nEXXrjVEuc; (PaodiXoc tfcauvoc <t>iSiac, F89.8.12 F81b,5 F65.149 Faransun rex Persarum

F15.1.9; ad T 1 6 c , 2 - 6 T 6 . 5 . 7 ; F26.7 T16p,2;F26,2 F51a,49 F65,83

adT16a,2-13;F44,l

Xavavinc XapiSrjpoc; Xdpo\|/

F24a,33; F24b,32

X d p p i c AdKtov F54a,51

348

Indices

3. Comparatio numerorum

349

3. Comparatio numerorum
n o s t r a e editionis c u m e d i t i o n i b u s p r i o r i b u s

GCS T6 F14b,ls F15 F16a F16b

Routh 56 1 10 6 8 9 (p. 2 4 4 , 2 - 1 4 ) 9 ( p . 244,17-245,6) 9 ( p . 244,15s) 2 3 4 5 7 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 25 26 ( p . 2 8 0 , 9 - 1 3 ) 26 ( p . 280,14s) 27 28 30 31 11 23 29 39 24 35 37 36 ( p . 2 8 5 , 1 0 - 1 4 ) 32 T67 T68 T69 F70 T75a,l-3 T77a,2-4 T77a,5s F79 F81a,2-5 T85a T86b,3 F87b F89 F90 F93 T93c,7-10 F96 F97 F98 F100 33 34 38 ( p . 286,13-17) 40 43 42 41 44 45 47 46 48 49 49* 50 51 53 52 54 55 28*

3.1.

Routh 1846
GCS F14b,ls T17 F19 F20 F22 F16a F23 F16b F16c T16p F16d F15 F46 F24 F26 (T27) T28a T28b F29 F30a,8-13 F31 T32 F33 F34 T49a F56 T36 T37 T38 T39a T40 31 32 33 34 35 36 ( p 37 38 ( p 39 40 41 42 43 44 45 46 47 48 49 49* 50 51 52 53 54 55 56 T42 F66 T67 T68 F58b,5s T64d,8-14 F64a.b T69 F54d F70 T77a,5s T77a,2-4 T75a,l-3 F79 F81a,2-5 T86b,3 T85a F87b F89 F90 F93 T93c,7-10 F97 F96 F98 F100 T6

Routh 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 (p. 2 4 4 , 2 - 1 4 ) 9 (p. 244,15s) 9 (p. 2 4 4 , 1 7 - 2 4 5 , 6 ) 10 . 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 (p. 2 8 0 , 9 - 1 3 ) 26 (p. 2 8 0 , 1 4 s ) 27 28 28* 29 30

F16c F16d T16p T17 F19 F20 F22 F23 F24 F26 (T27) T28a T28b F29 F30a,8-13 F31 T32 F33 F34 T36 T37 T38 T39a T40 T41b T42 F46 T49a F51a F54d F56 F58b,5s F64a.b T64d,8-14 F66

F51a T41b

350 3.2. Gallandi Gallandi 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10a 10b 11 12 13 14 1.5 16 17 18 19 1766 (= PG GCS F15 F23.1-H F16a F23.10-23 F16b F16c,2-7 T16p F16d F26 F29 F30a F33 F34.38-60 F 3 4 . l - 4 8 . 5 7 - 105 T64d,8-14 F64a.b F93.22-66 F89 F 9 3 . l - 2 0 . 5 4 - 110 F100 10,63-94)

Indices

References: 2F16a,2 GCS F15 F16a F16b F16c,2-7 F16d T16p F23J-11 F23J0-23 F26 F29 F30a F33 F 3 4 . l - 4 8 . 5 7 - 105 F34.38-60 F64a.b T64d,8-14 F89 F 9 3 . l - 2 0 . 5 4 - 110 F93.22-66 F100 Gallandi 1 3 5 6 8 7 2 4 9 10a 10b 11 13 12 15 14 17 18 16 19 For f u r t h e r e x p l a n a t i o n , see i n t r o d u c t i o n , p p . X X I I I f f . 3F16a,4f 4F16a,6;T16f 5F16a,7 6F16a,2f 7F16a,8 8F16a,9 9 F16a,10; T 2 2 a 20F16c,8;F94,l 10 F16a,12 2 1 F16c,10 11 F16a,10f 22F16c,H 12F16a,13 13T22a 14F16b;T16g; 24 T6,6;

T 1 6 h ; T 1 6 q ; T 2 2 a ; T 4 5 , 9 - l l 15F16c,3 16 F16c,4 17F16c,5 18F16c,7 1 9 F 1 6 c , 9 23 F16c,12; T16o,4; T45.18 F16d,6; T 1 6 p ; F 2 5 ; F 5 1 . l l : 114 years before 1 Aegialeus T28c,2f: Jacob's age 87 years presumably notel 25 F51.10: 89 years be

fore 1 Aegialeus 2 6 F51.10 27 F51,10f 2 8 T 2 8 a , l : Jacob's age 77 years 2 9 T 2 8 b , l ; 30 Gen 50,26: 110 years before the death o f Joseph, 14 years after Jacob's a r r i v a l i n M e s o p o t a m i a , see T 2 8 , n o t e 1 33 F 5 0 . 3 . 2 6 - 2 8 34 80 years before t h e E x o d u s

31 Gen 47,9: 130 years after the b i r t h o f Jacob; slight divergence f r o m T 3 2 . 4 , see 32 T 3 2 , 4 f ; F33; T 3 3 b (T47.1.38), see also F50.4 35 F50.5 36 F 3 4 . 3 8 - 4 1 . 6 7 - 6 9 ; F46,132f; T 4 7 . 1 ; F50,6f; F51,19f 38 F34,71f; F54b 39F34,61 4 0 F34.62; F35; F76,3 4 1 F34,103: P r o m e theus l i v e d 9 4 years after the Exodus 45 F35.2; F58a,5f; F76,3 46 F50,35f 42F54a,47f 47F51.5 53 T 6 9 43 T 4 0 , l f 48 F58a,5f 44 F50.26-28 49 T 4 1 . 8 ; T 4 2 , 4

50 F34.41-43; F54a,46; F58,2f; F63,2-5; F64 67-70; F 7 3 , 2 - 6 5 8 F63a,2-5.17f 66 T89a

54 F54a,58-60: 907 years 60T6,15f;

from Cecrops; F54d,6f: 903 archons t o the year 5723 55 T6,14; F76,3f 5 6 F34,41f. 59 F73.14; F93.31-33.54-57 6 7 F93,109f; F 9 4 , l f F73.22-24; F 9 3 , 5 1 f 6 2 T6,17; F89.54-57, see notes 5-6 63 F89,33f 6 4 F 8 9 . 5 4 - 5 7 65 F15,14f; T 9 2 , 3 f ; F93c,8f 68 F93,58f; F 9 3 d , 8 69 T6,20f; T l l , 7 ; F54d,9; F93,109f

A F R I C A N U S ' C H R O N O L O G I C A L SYSTEM Adam C r e a t i o n of A d a m - B i r t h o f Seth B i r t h of Enosh Birth of Kenan 5 B i r t h o f Mahalalel Death of A d a m B i r t h o f fared Birth of Enoch B i r t h of Methuselah 10 B i r t h o f L a m e c h Disappearance o f Enoch Birth of Noah D e a t h of Methuselah Flood 15 B i r t h o f Shelah B i r t h o f Eber B i r t h o f P e l e g / D i v i s i o n o f earth B i r t h of Reu B i r t h o f Serug 20 D e a t h o f Peleg Birth of Nahor B i r t h o f Terah B i r t h of Abraham Migration o f Abraham 25 B i r t h o f Isaac B i r t h o f Jacob B e g i n n i n g o f Sicyonian k i n g d o m M i g r a t i o n o f Jacob to M e s o p o t a m i a Birth of Levi 30 B i r t h o f Joseph E n t r a n c e o f Jacob i n t o Egypt D e a t h o f Joseph Beginning o f Argive kingdom B i r t h o f Moses 35 (Argive kingdom) E x o d u s = 80 Moses = F l o o d u n d e r Ogygus D e a t h of Ogygus D e a t h o f Moses 3724 3747 1 230 435 625 795 930 960 1122 1287 1474 1487 1662 2256 2262 2397 2527 2661 2791 2923 3000 3053 3132 3202 3277 3302 3362 3391 3439 3449 3453 3492 3563 3602 3627 3652 3707 1 Phoroneus 55 P h o r o n e u s 1796/95 = 43 Leucippus ( S i c y o n i a n s ) 1 Inachus 70 1 Aegialeus
2503/02 3241/40

AFRICANUS' C H R O N O L O G I C A L SYSTEM BC/AD D e a t h o f Joshua Prometheus Beginning of Athenian k i n g d o m E n d o f the Judges a n d E l i Fall o f Troy E n d o f Samuel's r u l e E n d o f Argive kingdom E n d o f Sicyonian k i n g d o m B e g i n n i n g o f Lacedaem. k i n g d o m B u i l d i n g o f the T e m p l e First Olympiad = Beginning of Lydian k i n g d o m = E n d o f Lacedaem. k i n g d o m E n d o f k i n g d o m i n Samaria Archons/End of Athenian k i n g d o m B e g i n n i n g o f Babylonian C a p t i v i t y B e g i n n i n g o f Persian k i n g d o m = E n d o f Captivity E n d o f Lydian kingdom R e b u i l d i n g o f Jerusalem E n d o f Persian k i n g d o m = Beginning o f Ptolemaic dynasty Beginning of Roman monarchy D e a t h o f C l e o p a t r a / E n d o f Ptolemies Incarnation Death of Herod B e g i n n i n g o f p u b l i c m i n i s t r y o f Jesus Resurrection E n d of Chronographiae 5458 5467 5472 5500 5501 5531 5532 5723 202,2 250,1 15 T i b e r i u s 16 T i b e r i u s 3 Elagabalus 187,2 194,2 1 Augustus 1 Herodes 14 Augustus 4 2 Augustus
45/44 36/35 31/30 3/2 2/1 B C \ D 29/30 30/31 221/22

Ol.

King/Emperor

Adam 3772 3801 3913 4292 4320 4382 4392 4398 4402 4457 4727

Ol.

King/Emperor

BC/AD

5502/01 B C

1 Cecrops
1183/82

1 Saul

1121/20 1111/10 1105/04

1 Eurystheus = 20 Saul 1101/00 8 Salomon 1,1 1 Achaz = 1 Ardysus = 2 Aeschylus


1046/45 776/75

4750 4820 4872 4942 4959 5057 5172 {55,1} 59,1 {83,4} 20 A r t a x e r x e s m i n 112,2 24,2 10 E r y g i u s 1 Sedekias 1 Cyrus

753/52 683/82 631/30 561/60

544/43 446/45 331/30

= coss. C. Vettius Gratus S a b i n i a n u s / M . Flavius V i t e l l i u s Seleucus ( A D 221)

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