JLi

$ gRiVLRiV[ ssVM
AR sysxqssVV
sRLRiV sNRP syxqsLi
xmsVRLRi ss sVVjRNRPLSsV e
NRPs [bPNRP sWRLi
\ZNPsss NRPsLi ss[ ee 1
y ee sVVNRPV [LRiVsgS
ssVVyszqsR\sVs FyxmsRsVV gRiy\ c
AjsVV\s gRiVLRiVNRPRV sLSV RVyRV.
ZNP[ssLiRsVVsNRPV sVWNRPLiR\sVs A
gRiVLRiVsosNRPV sVV RVysV.
ssLRisVV :

xqsLiryLRis[V INRP sVV. ER][

sVsxqsLjiLiRVsV. xqsLiryLRisVVsV @[.
sVs ys sxqsQXNTPs @LiRsVV[RV.
"sV' @sVsj xqsLiryLRisVVsV xqsWLiRV
yVsW. ysNTP [LRiVsgS sVs gRiVLRiVso
xmsLRisWR[V; xmsLRixs[V! xmsLRix
xqssjRVLiRV sWRV C saRP*xqsXztsQs
rygjiLiRVRVsj.
""sVsW[V saRP*LisVRVzqs xmsLRix
sVzztsQ'' ee
c rLiRLRixLji.
xmsLRixsW! ysNTP INRP RssVV [RV, ys
RVLi]NRP sNSLRisVV sLixmsRV. @j sR xqsR
sxqsVso. ZNP[s ysLiRsVV[ ys LRiWxmssVV.
@LiRV[Rs[ c ssVVR][ szqsV
FyxmsRsVV gRiyRsRVV c
ZNP[ssLiRsVVsNRPV sVWNRPLiR\sVs
yRsRVV sZaP[xtsQsVVV yRsV. @ A

xmsLRixsVVsV gRiVLRiVsogS OTPQLi c yss

[LRiVN]s c @R*RV ss][ sVVNTPs yRV
saS*dRV\ xmsNSbPLiRVsV. "@R[ y\s'
@LSLRiVsV.
sWRVNRPV @s*][RV C gRiVLRiVsVWLji[V ROTPQ
sVWLji RVs ssVLixmssV. "ROTPQsVV' @sgS
sVVRj. "DRLRisVV' @sgS RLRiVyj.
sVVRj xmsLRisWR. RLRiVyj xmsNRPX,
sWRV. sVVRj sVWLji RVgRiV[ A
xmsLRisWR ROTPQsVWLji.
ss[V ARVsLRiWxmssVV. FsR s[ssVVssV
@ @sVLiT c ARVssVLiT ss[ !
syR[VNRPy gRiVLRiVso. @LiRV[ A
ROTPQsVWLji AjsVgRiVLRiVsVWLji. ARVs
ZNP[ssLiRsVVsNRPV sVWNRPLiR\sVsyRV.
"AssLi } sy`' c @s aRPV
}msL]sVRVs sxtsQRVsVV WgjisVNRPV
@sVszqsR\sVsj.

BV $xqsybPs }LiR xqsLRixqs*RVV c sWRW

NSLRiQ\sVs CsxqsQXRxqsLiryLRisVVsNRPV
sVWsVLiRVs ysLiRsVRV\sVs
xmsLRixsVVsV }msL]s c yssgRiWLjis
ssVssVVsV c @sVVxmssXs c
xmnsRsVVgS @[ y\sRVVs GNRPR*zqss c
ssVzqsQRWLRiWxmssVVs gRiLiyLRiLisVVs
sTLi RVVyLRiV.
gRiLiRsVV ARsysxqssVV
gRiLiyLRiLisVVsLiR LiVWsVLigRiRLRi
a][NRPsVV c gRiLiRsVV[s xqsLRi*Q\sVs
sxtsQRVsVVsNRPVsV @RsVV xmsVRVLiRV
sZaP[xtsQsVV.
sLRisj xqsLixqsX dsLRij
sxmsR s yLRi xqsVLRi_NSsV e
xmsLRisVR [Rs xmnsVVNSLi
xmsLRisVbPs[s FyRVNSLi _sV ee 2

yee xmsLRisVbPs[LiR$gRiVLRiVFyRVNRP @FyLRi\sVs

xqsLiryLRi xqssVVRsVVsT gjigjiRVRVs
sxqsLi][xsVVsV xqssVVRLjiLiRV _NRP.
BRLRisVRsVV s LiRV
j_xtsQj\Vs A$gRiVLRiVFyRVNRPNRPV
sVVNRPVRVysV.
ssLRisVV :
$ xmsLRisVbPs[LiR xqsLRixqs*d sVry*sVyLRiV
NSsVN][ {mshRisVV sjztsQLis gRiRVLRiVso
xmsLRiLixmsLRiNRPV LijsyLRiV. dsLji NSsVVs (yyxmso
200 xqsLi.V) s[ NSsVN][ {mshRisVV
NRPVLi|mnsWsVV[ DLiTj. Cry*sVyLRiV
s[Rs[yLigRi sVVRVLiRV
xmnsVsRLRi\sRVxtsQsVV NRPyLRigRiV[V NSNRP
g]xms LSWgRiVV. dsLRiV
xqsybPs}LiRxqsLRixqs*RVNRPV gRiVLRiVsoV.
RssV, sVlLiLiRLji[ CsWRWsVRV xqsLiryLRi
xqssVVRsVVsVLiT xqssVVRLjiLi
xxmsRsVVsV [Lji c [LRiVRVs

AgRiVLRiVsLRiVs xmspFyRVNRPsV gRiLiyLRiLisVVs

NTP][ xqsLixqsLjiLi sVVNRPVRVyLRiV.
FyRVNRP @sgS NS xmsV. (xmsRs[ @sRWB
FyRVNSM, FyRWlLi[s FyRVNS.) $gRiVLRiVso
NSxmsVV \|qsRsVV bPxtsvNRPV sLiRsVV[
NRPy !
sVLjiRVV c "Fyy` RVLjiRR*Liry` NSsVyLRi
xmsxmspLRi`. FyRVNSysV sy' ......
FyssVV c RVLjiR (Fyxms) yaRPsVV c
NSsVyLRixmspLRisVV @sV sVWRV xmssVsV
ARLjiLiRVsj @s VxmsoNRPV c
AsVWRVxmsRsVV ARQORPQLRisVVsV [Lji
"FyRVNRP' @syLRiV c @sj s[L]NRP @LRisVV. @xmsoRV
FyRVNRP xmsLRisVbPs[LiRVNRPLi s[\lLisj
NSRV. sVLjiRVV GNRPsRssVV.
@sgS FyLi c FyxmssVVsV [g] c NSsVRsVV
sV ryjLiRV xmsLRisVbPs[LiR$gRiVLRiVsoNRPV
ssVryLRisVs @LRisVV.

NSgS xmsLRisVbPs[LiRV LRiWxmssVVs

NSbPLiRVRVs xmsLRixs[V BLiRV
ssVLixms sV.
BV \ssLiRs gRiVLRiVsLiRssVV RLjiLi
$xqsybPs WgkiLiRVV xqs*sxtsQRVsVVsV
rysLiRVRVyLRiV.
[bPNRP xmsLRisV bPs[y[aRP
sa][RVR jssVzsWxsV e
ry*Rs saSsNRPX[
xqsLRixqsLi xmsrsV NTPjRsV ee 3
yee xqsRVLRiVso\s $xmsLRisVbPs[LiRV
A[aRPsVV[ y[ INSNRP jsQ\sVs
sVxRQ*sVV s[VVN]sj. @LiRV[
ry*RsxtsvR\s xmsNSbPLixmsg][Lji s[sR
xqsLRixqssVVgS N]LisVV xmsrysLiRVRVysV.
ssLRisVV :

gRiVLRi*sVgRixsVV[NRP FsssNTPs GsVRVVsV

zqsjLixmsRV. ]VR gRiVLRiVsosLiRV c
"xmsLRisWR LiVWRRV' @s ssVVsV szms
cyss sxqsLjiLixms [RVVRV c "xqsLRi*Li
xsVRVLi' @s @sVsbPLRisVVsV
[LRiVN]ssRVVsV. Bj yLji.
@V NSNRP, FssRV, RsNRPV syR\Vs
gRiVLRiVsosLi[ xmsLRisWRVjs ("xmsLRisWR
yNRPX. @R[ $gRiVLRiV LRiWxmssVVs ssV
@sVgRizLiRV RVyRV' y[s @s
sVLRisVVsV LRi][VRVyRV @sT
ssVVsV) sVxmso N]s][ c BNRP y[sV
ryjLiRVsV?
@LiRVsss[ c ""xqs gRiVLRiVs[VygRi[`
xqssVRVaRPxmnsFyM'' @sj aRPV.
(xmsLRisWR sVLigRi g][LjisyRV c gRiVLRiVsosNRPV
szqss xmsyLRisVVV (xqssVR[ c xmsLi][ c
RLRi[) [RVN]s FLiVV gRiVLRiVsos[
AaRPLiVVLixmsssV.

xqsybPs[LiRVyLRiV RsV ryRs[ gRiVLRiVsosV

sVLis bPxtsvQ\ xmsNSbPLiyLRiV. @LiVVssV ARVs
RXztsQ[ gRiVLRiVs[ \ssVV, gRiVLRiso RLRiVy[
\ssVV. A sVxdsRVVs gRiVLRiV NTP
sLRiVxmssWssVV.
s[sV y aRPNTP rysVLRiQsVV sVV][
BLiRyR\s ss yLRiV xmsVN]s[RV.
gRiVLRi*sVgRixsVV ssLiRysgRi [zqssRyLRiV.
[NRPsVV yLjigRiVLRiVNTPs ARLRi+sVVgS dzqsN]s
RsVVysVV xqsLjijRV N]sssV.
g][ry*sV RV{qsyxqsV $LSsVRLjiRsWsxqsLRiRssVV
"ry*sxqsV=RV' @LiVVsV c xqsybPsoV RsV LiVW
"ARsysxqssVV' "ry*Rs saSsNRPX[' (AR
xmsyLRisVVs saSLi ssVsLiRVNRPV @s
xmsVN]syLRiV.)
xsR*LRiVRV sLiRsVVsNRPV
][xRNSLRiV\s xmssVsV sWRs[V
ARLjiLiRVsV. sLiRs[V gRiLiR
xmsWssVV.

BV [sy c gRiVLRiV c sLiRs c gRiLiR

xmsWssVVsV [L]s
xmsLRisWRxqs*LRiWxmssVVsV ssLjiLiRVRVyLRiV.
sLRiVxmssV c sR c sLkix
sxtsQ c sLSRV c sLRiVNSLRiM e
sgRiR xqsLRi* sNRPM
aRPV][ VRaRPNSzqs xmsLRisWy ee 4
yee ry[s\ c sRQ\sV c G N][LjiNRPVsV [s\
c @LiR\sV c sWRWLRizR\sV c sLRiV\sV c
xqsLiNRPsNRPsVVV [s\ c aRPVR\sVc
ssVRV\sV xmsLRisWRxqs*LRiWxmssVV sLSV
RVsj.
ssLRisVV :c
ry[sj :c [s\ZNPNRPsV FNRPsV [L]s
sRVsV gSs c xmsLRisWR xqs*LRiWxmssVVsV gRiWLji
"BRLicBRLi' (Bj c BV) @s Vxmso ryRsVV
NSRV. AyssVVgRi sVLiRV[V ksNTP

gSLRisVV. @LiRVsss[ @j yNRPVNRPV @LiRsj

(RV][ y][ssLRis[) @s aRPV VxmsoRVsj.
sRsVV :c GsxqsVQ\sssV @j xmsoVNRPV
DLiRRV. sbPLis zmssV sRVVLiR
s[LRiRV. DRNTP RVsVVsNRPV sTsV
NSsVLi[ GsxqsVQ\sssV zqsLiRVRVsj.
xmsLRisWRNRPV DR[RV. sRVsVV[RV.
@LiRV[ @RRV sRVRV. @RRV
NSdRVRV.
GN][LjiNRPV [sj :c aRPLkiLRiyLRiVNRPV N][LjiNRP
VLiRVsV. aRPLkiLRisVV c BLijRVsVVV. sVsxqsV,
Vj c dssRVLiR yyRQsVVsss[ (Bs[
s[sV @sVN]sV sss[) G N][LjiNRP \VssV
sLiRVsV. B yyRQsVV [s][s[
xmsLRisWysVssVV zqsjLiRVsV.
[}LijRV yyRQsVV @LiRLjiLisxmsoRV gSs
xmsLRisWysVssVV NRPVgRiRV. A yyRQsVV
]gjis][ N][LjiNRPV DRLiVVLiRV ZNP[ @sNSaRPsVV
[RV. @LiRV[ xmsLRisWR "sLkixRV'
@sTyRV.

@LiRsVV :c LiRsVV @sgS sVVNRP; gRisVV.

xmsLRisWRxqs*LRiWxmssVV @LiRsV
sLiTRVVsj. ys[ LiRsVVNRPV gRisVVNRPV
@sNSaRP##s[V [RV. @LiRV[ @j @LiRsVV.
sWRWLRizRsVV :c xqsLiryLRisVV sWRW sxqssVV.
xmsLRisWR sWRWdRVRV. sVs
BLijRVsVVV c @LiRMNRPLRisVV BssRVV
yFLiVVss[ xmsLRisW][xms. @R
sWRV[RV.
sLRiVsVV :c xqsR*gRiVsVV c LRi[gRiVsVV c
RsWgRiVsVV @s gRiVsVVV sVWRV.
sVsRVLik sVWTLi[ s[][ VVNRP
RV LSs[VV RVLiRVsV. INRPxmsoRV
xqsR*gRiVsVV; s[L]NRPxmsoRV LRi[gRiVsVV [NRP
RsWgRiVsVV BV [][ VVNRP
gRiVxmsNSaRPsVVsNRPV NTP sVssVVLiRVsVV. C
gRiVsVVVsV sWRWxqs*LRiWxmss[V.
@LiRV[Rs[ sWRV "gRiVNRP' @ssV.
sWRWLRizRVRVNRPy xmsLRisWR. @LiRVss
ARVs sLRiVVRV.

sNSLRisVVV [sj :c xmso c |msLRiVgRiV

sVVRgRiV sNSLRisVVV xmsLRisWRRVLiRV
[so.
aRPVRsVV :c @ssxqsV xqsLixmsLRisVV N]LisVVsV
[s RgRiV[ xmsLRisWRxqs*LRiWxmssVV
aRPVRsVV.
B\s xmsLRisWRxqs*LRiWxmssVV xqsLRi*R
xqsLRi*y sLSV RVsj. NSs gRiVLRi*sVgRixsVV
[NRP c ds ryRs[NRP @j
@sVssVVsNRPV @LiRRV.
@syLjiNRP :c
xmsLRisWR xqs*LRiWxmssVVsV ssLjiLi c
xqsLiryLRiRV\s sos c ryRNRPVs c zqsRVs
gRiWLji ssLjiLiRVRVyLRiV.
ry*s\QNRP sRM
NRPVLRi*s NRPLS sVVxsWsxqs=s e
\y j*RWRsM

ry*RysVs LRiRV ee 5
yee Rs @ss[V RsV NRP s[RVgS
sWxsVgRiVQQ\ G[ NRPLRiyRLjiLiRVRV,
xqsLixqsLjiLiRVRVs soRV c
\ysVgRixsVV[ @sFyaRPsVV
sssVVNSgS c "Bjg][ ! Bk s[sV!' @s @RQ\sVs
Rs LRiWxmssVV sLjiLigji, @LiRV ssy\
(ARsxtsv\) ss\V sLSV RVyRV.
ssLRisVV:c
sWRWdRVRV xmsLRisWR. sWRWsaRPVRV
soRV, AsLjiLis sWRVsV ]gjiLixmsgS y[ dsRV;
ds[ yRV.
@ss[V LiRNSLRisVV. @ssVV @sgS s
[sV. [sj LiR\sV FsV NRP s[RVgRiRV?
NSgS LiR sVsj NRPWR yxqsssVVsNRPV [s[
!
"saRP c sWORPQaRP sVX\|tsQs sVWyM'
c ss[NRPRWysV.

(LiRsVVgRiWLji [RV. sWORPQsVVsW [RV.

lLiLiRVsV @xqsRsVV[.)
RVRsV @sj Li. ALis
]gjiLiRVNRPV sWORPQQLis NRPLiRV
LRiVgRiVRVsj. RRVsVV xmss Rs
LiRV\s ysNTP c RRVsVV sRsRs
Lis gRigjiLixmsssV. @xmsoRV yRV
xqs*xqsVRgRiVsV. @V[ xqsLiryLRi RVRss
Li[ sVs yss xqs*xqsVsLjiLiRVNRPV c
sVVNRPVR\ss. LiRsVV ]gjisRs Lis
NRPgjiLixmsssV. BV C Li[ ALi
ss[RVTsxmsoRV xqs*Rzqs=R\sVs
ARxqs*LRiWxmssVV FsLRiVNRPNRPV @LiRVsV.
@LiVV[ BRLiR [NRP NSRV. xmsLRisWR
Fssss @sVgRizLiRV[ @RRV sWRs[V
@ssVVsV ][zqsLSsVNRPV xmspsVN]sVsV.
\ysVgRixsVV [s][ c FsLiR Rjss y\ssV
c C [sys xmsVsVLiT (sWRWLiRsVVsVLiT)
RzmsLiRVN]sRV.

@LiRVsss[ aRPV "RVs[V\sxtsQ sXV[' c

Fssss xmsLRisWR sLjiLiRV[' .... @sj
yssL][ FsLRiVNRPNRPV @LijsxmsoRV c
@sVssVVsNRPV NTP sxmsoRV c BNRP sVLji yRV
sWRRV. ys LiVVLijRVsVVV
sxtsQRWxqsNRPsVVV NSso. sVsxqsV Rs
RssVVsV g][[sosV. @zqs[ yRV ss
NSNRP GsVgRiVsV?
@syFyaRPRVRV soRV.
\ysVgRixsVV[ LiR [RsVVsNRPV
DRVNRPVQ\syRV ryRNRPVRV. ARs
xqsLixmssVRV zqsRV\ssVVs.
@s sysVgRiVsNRPV gRiVLRiWxms[aRP##s[V
s[VVN]Vxmso @sVRVyLRiV.
sWRWsZaP[s xqsVF
sV[ xmsaRPs xqsxaRPaRPM xqs*Fys e
[bPNRP sRM xmsV][

ksyss yLji_ N][7zms ee 6

yee sWRVNRPV NTP sR[ T c Fs[ NRPsV
gSLiRVRV NRPsLRixmsRVRVs yLji[ INSNRPRV
$gRiVLRiVs Dxms[aRPsVV[ s[Vs
AsLiRrygRiLRisVVs sxLjiLixms gRiVRVyRV.
ssLRisVV :c
@yRsxqsVsosLiRV ARssVV c
ARsxqsVsosLiRV @yRssVV sR. ksNTP
NSLRisVV sWRV.
[RVV ysVNSRV. ysRVLiRV ysV @s
ssVVsV sVxmsoRVyRV. @sgS ARNSs yss
AR @sVN]sVRVyRV. Bj[V "@yRVs
ARssVV'.
sR, aRPVR, VR sVVNRPQ\sV c "sRV[
sVRV[ yNRPy`, yRVLi Wy* sy y s
WRVM' @s NUPLjiLixmsTs xmsLRixs[V y\s
RVVLiRgS c yss sxqsLjiLi RLjiLiRVRVyRV. Bj
"ARs @yRssVV'.

RsVy sVLRiRV syORPQs[V NRPy !

[RVRVLiRV yyRQsVV Lij
RVVsysNTP yLRixmsoyjLRiWxms\sVs xqs*xmssVV
sLiRV RVsj. Bj INRP NRPNSRV. Fs[NRPV!
ysRVLiRV NRPsLjiLiRV!
Bj sWRWsaRPV\s ys zqs.
B zqs RVLiRVLiTRVV c xqsR=LigRi[ c
xqsVNRPXR sZaP[xtsQsVV[ gRiaS\Vs
ysRVLiRV \ssVV gRiVLRiVLRiWxmssVVs
@sVgRixsVVsV gRisLRiVRVsV.
"RRQ*sVryj' sVyNRPLRiWxms\sVs $gRiVLRiVs
Dxms[aRPsVV yss CsRsVLiT s[VVN]VsV.
@xmso yRRV c saRP*LRi aRPLkiLSRVNRPLi
sORPQ\sVs Rs xqs*LRiWxmssVVsV gRiVLjiLi
AsLiR sVgRiVQQ\ RLjiLiRVsV.
Bj xqsLiryLRirygRiLRi sVgRiVQQ\RVVs yLji[
FsNRPR[ FsssN][ INRPsNTP LiRV
xtsQsZaP[xtsQsVV.

ARsxqsLixmssVV N][N]NRPLRiVLiRVlLi[sW @s
ssVV. $gRiVLRiVs NRPLRiVNRPV RV\s
y[sV[RVV[ yVgRiV a][NRPsVV[
ssLjiLiRVRVyLRiV.
FyNRPXRs sVFyxqs
{qs*NRPXR sLRiWxmsxqsyssM e
gRiVLRiVsLRi NRPLRiVFy`
g_LRis sWryR sWR FyMee `
yee $gRiVLRiVs NRPLRiVNRPV R\sV
LijsyRV FyNRPXRssVVsV @sgS
CaRPLkiLRisVV yss gRiyssVVsV
xmsLjixLjiLiRVsV.
xqsysLiRsVRV\sVs xqs*xqs*LRiWxmssVVsV
{qs*NRPLjiLi g_LRi[}msRV\ AsLiRsVRVQ\
RLjiLiRVsV.
ssLRisVV :

$gRiVLRiVs RVVxms[aRPsVV[ xmsRsVsVVs "Gj

ysV NS][ c @j zqssRVsV'. zmssV Rs
xqs*LRiWxmssVV sNTP @LiRVsV.
AR[xms[aRPsVVsNRPV WsVN]s s[yLiR
aSxqsQ sVVV B[ syssVVsV @sLiLi
xmssLjiVRVss. "s[ s[' yNRPsVV][
(s+B, s+B = Bj NSRV Bj NSRV) @ss
][zqss[RVgS c Gj ][zqss[RVVNRPV dsVNSs\
sLSV RVs][ c @j "AR' @s
@s[jLiRVRVss.
BV[ [RVsRVVsV? ARxqs*LRiWxmssVVs[
ssLjiLixmsLSy? @ssRVsV.
ARxqs*LRiWxmssVV "BRLi BRLi' @s yNRPV][
ssLjiLiRV ds\sj NSRV. @LiRV[
s[yLiRsVVV B[ sWLRisVVsV @sLiLiss.
xmnsRsVVgS ryRNRPVRV ]VR ysV Gj NS][ c
yss gRiVLjiLiRVsV. "Dxms[ORPQQs [7sLi
ss sR*RLji+sM c @s gkiR ([+@sLi).

xmsLiRWyRNRP\sVsj xmsNRPX. [xsVV

FyLiRNRPsVV. @LiRV[ @j FyNRPXRsVV.
ryRNRPVRV ]VR FyNRPXR \sVs
[jNRPsVVsV ss[Rs[zqs, RsNRPLi
B s[\lLisR gRiVLjiLi, ys][T yyRQsVVsV
sT|msVsV.
zmssV xqsLRi*sVVsV ss[RVgS
ZaP[ztsQLiRVVs xqsysLiR sVRV\sVs
xqs*LRiWxmss[V ysVgS gRizLiRVsV.
[NRPsVVs "xqsRsVV' @sgS ssVV xmsV. NSs
s[yLiRsVVRVLiRV @V NSRV. xqsRsVsgS
NS RQ\sVsj. xqsRsVssV xqs`
@sssV INRP[. ` c @sgS ssVV.
xqsysLiRsVRV\sVs ARxqs*LRiWxmssVV
sssVLRi sVVV [sj. xqsV RVMsVVV c
NSsVN][yRVV c [}LijRV
sV[VRVsLRiNRPV sWRs[V sLiRgRiso.
AR sxqsVsosV @s yNRP[so. @j @RsVVgS
AsLiRxmsosVVR. "LRir\s xqsM' c @s aRPV.

BV zLRiLiRLRisVVRVLiRV sRVsj
[s AsLiRs[V Rs LRiWxmssVVgS gRizLi
@sVsLiRV RVsyRV sVRVQ\ RLjiLixmsy ?
$gRiVLRiVs NRPLRiVNRPV FyR\sV
|RLjiLixmsTsyRV sWRs[V AsLiR
sVRVQ\ RLjiLixmsgRiRV!
$gRiVLRiVNRPXxmsRW xqs
RV=sLRiW}ms ssVgRikL_ds e
sxLRi NRPaRPs sVRM
aSyx[ c syssVVjysM. 8
yee $ gRiVLRiVNRPLRiV sZaP[xtsQsVV[ c
xqsRV=RNRP\sVs ARxqs*LRiWxmssVVs
ssVgRiVQQ\ c @xLissVV aSLiLixmsgS
|msVNTPs AsLiRsVV][ c Fss][ INSNRP FyRV
ss\V sxLjiLiRVsV.
ssLRisVV:

ssVNRPa][NRPsVVs ARxqs*LRiWxmssVVsV
xqsysLiR sVRVsVVgS {qs*NRPLjiLiRV
}msL]ssV.
BLiRV ARxqs*LRiWxmssVVs ssVgRiVQQ\
RVVLiRV ssLjiLixmssV.
[RV][ yyRQsVV LRiNSsVVsVLiT s
ssVLiTRVV rygji sRVRVsj.
$gRiVLRiVNRPLRiVzms[ BLiRVNRP s
DRLiVVLixmsgS CxmsLjizqs yLRiV sWLRigRiVsV.
BLiRsLRiNRPV "ys[' @s G[jNRPsVVsV
sLiRVRV sy][ @j ysV NSRs ][RrylgisV.
BLiRsLRiNRPV [ssgRiWLjis [RsVV RsNRPV
N]LisVVsV [][, Gj FsLRiVNRPNRPV (BRLi BRLi @s
gRizLiRVNRPV) @LiR][ @j yss
xqsVLjiLixmsrylgisV.
@LiVVssV LRiNSsVVsVLiTRVV rygjisRVRVs
xmssX INRPryLjigS sWzqsFRV. @j
@sVsLjiLiRVRVs[ RVVLiRVsV. A RaRP[
"[RVRVLiRV' c "s[sVNSRV' @s ssVVsV

c "[RVNRPLi sORPQ\sVs xqsysLiR

xqs*LRiWxmssVVs ARssVVsV'
xmsRVRxmspLRi*NRPsVVgS sVs VN]sV
RVLiRsRVVsV. @LiVVssV @j LjiFso
RVLiRVsV. LjiFLiVV c [RVRVLi[ yss
ssVV xqs*RVLi xmsztsQRsVgRiV RVLiRVsV.
@xmsoRV ryRNRPVsNRPV xmsosMxmsosM
xmsRVRsVV @sxqsLRisVgRiVsV. @LiRV[Rs[
ssVNRP a][NRPsVVs c "{qs*NRPXR sLRiWxms
xqsyssM' c @syLRiV.
BV ryRNRPVRV xmsRVRxmspLRi*NRPsVVgS
ARsxtsv\ RVVLiRVNRPV @xqssVV rygjiLixmsgS c
ysNTP ARsxtsQ][ V, [xRVRVLiRV
[RVRVLiRV @yR ssVV xqsx
zqsR\sV FsosV. @ zqs [NRPWLRigS c @RRV
xqsRV=RNRP \sVs ARxqs*LRiWxmssVVs
ssVgRiV RgRiVsV. sVVsVgRiVsV. xmnsRsVVgS
ysRVLiR @xLissVV dsLRiVRs s\|ms#
FsosV.

BLiRsLRiNRPVsV c Fss\lLissV Rs[RVNRPV

zms NRPgjiLixmsgS c "ssV yTV [|qssV. s[sV
ELRiN]LiRVy?' ByjgS @xLissVV (s[sV @sT
ssVV) yRVs RVs R FsRVRVLisV.
BxmsoRV [RVV ysV NSRs ssVV xmsT
sLiRVs c Fss @xmsNSLRisVVV LjigjissV [y
DxmsNSLRisVVV LjigjissV "s[sV' @s ssVV c
xmsdNSLRissVV c RFsRso.
xmnsRsVVgS @RQ\sVs AsLiRsVV NRP gjis
sVxmsyxsVVs |msVNTP
@LiRLRiLigRisVVsV AFysR sVVsLRiVsV.
INRP sV xmsyxsVVsj, ysNTP INRP N]LiR @R
sVVsj. @xmsoy xmsyxsVV][ sVsNRPV
xqsLiLiRsVV ss sVgRiVsV.
INSNRP gRisLiR\sVsNSsVVs AN]LiRsV
xmspLjigS ]gjiLiRV xqsLisLisxmsoRV c
AxmsyxsVV DLRiNRPV |msy?

xsVsVLiRVRV {qsRsVsV RLji+Li,

LSORPQxqsVsV xqsLixLjiLi, LiNRPsVgS c sVLRi
sNUP[ss , $LSsVVs RLji+LixmssRVVss
R*LRixmsRVRV (LSsVRLRi+sbdP}mnsV) @LjixtsQsVV
@sV N]LiRsZNPsV. AN]LiR sVVxmsj
WssVVsT xmsj WssVV sryLRisVVsV
gRi RVVsj.
Dy=xLjiRV\s xsVsV AN]LiR\|ms sNTP, Egji
Egji Rs xqsxRLRiVsV [LRiVN]sV\ZNP INRP
RWNRPV RWZNPsV. @xmsoyN]LiR s[LSLjigS
(xmsXjyLi xqssVyLi RWRM) @gjiFLiVVsj c @s
LSsWRVsVV.
@V[ BLiRsLRiNRPVsV R sNTPLiRVVs
@xLi ssVV @gSLjiFgS c ys NRPs*sVs
AsLiRxmsyxsVV @aRPLiVVR\sVs s[gRisVV][
NRPRs @LiRMNRPLRisVVsV
sVVLiFsRVsV.

[sVRVLiRV RV sRVVs
@xLiss[V AsLiysVssVVsNRPV |msR
@sL][RsVV.
gRiVLRiVsLRi NRPLRiVxLki
sNRPLRiLRi bdPRry*sM e
LRisV[ RVsLRi GN][
sLRiVxmssV xqsV {qssVs \|qs#*LRisV ee9
yee $ gRiVLRiVNRPLRiVRLRiLigRisVV NRPysssVNRP
NRPgS sxmsRVRVLiRgS RTs
@LiRLRiLigRisVVgRiy\ c
sLRiVxmssWsLiRxmsRsVVs RVLSNRPRV
RV[RsVV sxLjiLiRV RVyRV.
ssLRisVV :
"Rs bPxtsvRV yLji[ rygRiVRVyRV. RNRPRNRP
sVVLiRVNRPV [soRVyRV c
@R*RWsLiRbPLRisVV sLiRVN]sVRVyRV' c
@s gRizLis gRiVLRiVsosNRPV AbPxtsvs\|ms

NRPLRiVsVLSgRisVVV @LiRNRPLiRNRPV
@aRPLiVVLixmsNRPVLiRVy?
ssLRisVV :
sVLjiRVV c RRQ*sVryj sVyN][xms[aRP##s[V
$gRiVLRiV NRPLRiVRLRiLigRisVV. AsVyNRPsVV
sVLRi sVLiRLRiLigRi sVVsLi ]NRPsWLRiV
NRPRs yVsV. xqs*xqs*LRiWxms ssVV
RNRPVLRis sVLRizqs c ysV C
ryLiryLjiNRPyxmssVVNRPV sVNTP Rso*s
sVysszmsLiRVsV. ys][ sVsxqsV RRVsV.
RsVVsLi]NRP aSLilLi[ DRLiVVLiRVsV.
@VNSNRP B[ LiRssVV. sWsWNTP
rygjisxmsoRV ZNPLRisVV sLiT ZNPLRisVV
sxmsTsgRiVsV. AyNRP c AjNRP c
Aj\sNRP yxmssVV][ @LiRsLRiNRPV
@VTNTPsV VRVNRPVRVs @LiRLRiLigRisVV
yxmsLRizR\sV RxmsgS RLji FsosV.
ryLiryLjiNRP yxmssVV xqsLRi*y aSLiLis
RsVVsLiRV AysLiRLRixqs xmsyxsVV

@aRPLiVVLis s[gRisVV][ s sLjiRVVssV[

AaRPLRis[VsVVsj? @RVQQNTP GsVVsj?
$gRiVLRiVs Dxms[aSLRisVVsV "r~sVV xqsLis
RWLRiV[ sVLRi ssV' [RVLSRV.
GNSLiRsVVsLi yRVLRi sVVsV sLRiLiRLRi
sVsVbdPLiRVRVLiRssV. @xmsoRV
sWRs[V gRiVLRiVbPxtsvRLRiVsV
RsVVRLRiV.
@syLjiNRP :c
AgRiVLRiVNRPLRiVsZaP[xtsQsVVs[
xqsWLRiNTPLRisVV][ [ sLjiLiRVRVyLRiV.
$[bPNRP sLRi NRPLRiV
LRis NRPLRi xqssVFzRry*sM e
sxLRis sVxqsLji sL][
sLRisjNSss dsLRiy y}qs ee 10
yee $ gRiVLRiVso NRPLRiV @sRV xqsWLRiNTPLRisVV
xmsxqsLjiLi c RsVVsLiR sVdNRPs

sRsRxmsgS c @FyLRi \sVs

AsLiRxqssVVRsVVs sxLjiLiRVRV
RVZaP[LRiVRV sLSVsV.
ssLRisVV :
dNRP[ sxqsVss[NRPsVV sLixmsRV. RVLigRi
]LigRis c yRV FysVVs ][RVsV.
@ssVVNRPWR @[. @sNTP "AR c @yRgS c
@yR c ARgS' ][RVsV.
"RsVVs gRisVs sVdNRP' c RVsgS
@ss[V. xqsWLRiNTPLRixmsryLRisVV][ dNRP
sVV sWRV\sVsV $gRiVLRiV so NRPLRiV
xmsxqsLjiLixmsgRis[ @ssVV ]gjiFsosV. gRiVLRiVso
NRPLRiV @sgS c AyyRss[NRPsVVsV gRigjiLi;
sV ssVVsV zqsjLixms[RVV
sVyN][xms[aRP##s[V.
sVyNSLRisVV @LiRLRiLigRisVVs sLiRs[
"ysV ss sVLRi xmsyxsVVs g]VN]s Fso
soRss' dNRPssVV @LiRLjiLiRVsV.

"s[sV @sybP\Vs xmsLRixsVs[' c @s

[RsVV DRLiVVLiRVsV. B [RsVV c ssVV
DRLiVVLixmsgRis[ ryRNRPVRV
AsLiRsVRVVRgRiVsV.
ksNRPLiRNRPVsV NSLRisVV
$gRiVLRiVNRPLRiVsZaP[xtsQsVV. @LiRV[ $gRiVLRiV
RLRisVVV xqsLRi*[syjNRPsVVV !!
@syLjiNRP :c
BV LiRsLRiNRPVsV c
$gRiVLRiVNRPLRiVsZaP[xtsQsVVsV xqsVLi c
ARsVVsNRPV, sVssVVsNRPV
DxmsNRPLjiLiRV ryRs syssVVNRPV
rysLiRVRV c ARsyxqsLixmssVQQ\s
RVZaP[LRiVs (ssVNRPVs)
sV\sssVVsV ssLjiLiRV RVyLRiV.
s sxmsLkiRNRPsV][ c
Vy xmssxms xmsLiRWys e
xmsLjibPxtsQsWRRRQ*Li

xmsaRPyQ}qs sVVs aSsM ee 11

yee xmsLiRsVWRsVVsV DR
NRPsVsVVsNRPV slLi[NRP\sVs jaRP[ INRP
ysRVLiRV s[L]NRPyss sdssVVsLRiVRV c BV
@ss sdssVV }qsRVgS c Gj ZaP[ztsQLiRVVs][
@[yss (ARRVs) @sVsLiRVRV RVLS
aSLiRV\ RVVLiRVsV.
ssLRisVV :c
ARFyzmsQ\ZNP INSNRP Fyds @RVR ryRs
syssVV c RRRsVVsV $xqsybPsoLiRV
xqsWLiyLRiV.
ANSaRPsVV c gS c @gji c dsLRiV c s[ c Bs
xmsLiRWRsVVV. Bs sLRiVxqsgS INRPyssVLiT
s[L]NRP DRssVV\ss. @sgS
@NSaRPsVVsVLiT gS c gS sVLiT @gji c @gji sVLiT
sVV c sVVsVLiT s[ sLiss.
ANSaRPsVV [ssVLiT xmsosj? "ARs ANSaRPM
xqsLiWRM' ARyaRPLiVVLi sWRV RFsRgS

RRQssVV[ ANSaRPsVV F~RsVsj. ANSaSj

xmsLiRsVWRsVV NRPsVsVj.
dsss sxmsLkiRsVVgS sTzms INRP ysRVLiRV s[L]NRP
yss sdssVV [RVsRVVsV. @sgS
"WsVscsVVsLiRV, sVV c sgji RVLiRV,
@gjis c @ssVLiRV, @ssVV c yNSaRPsVVsLiRV
sds sVVsLji c yss ARRVLiRV dssVV
gSsLixmssRVVsV. Bj DR NRPsVsVVsNRPV
slLi[NRP\sVs NRPsVsVV.
kss ryRsRVLiRVLis Wgji c@ss sds
sVVsLjiLixmsgS ZaP[ztsQLisj ARRVs
gRiVLjiLiRVsV, @sVsLiRVsV, @sVsLi
xmsLRisV xmsaSLis LiRVsV.
INSNRP GNSLiRxms[aRPsVVs gRiWLRiVLiT
ryRNRPVRV sksRsVV][ c xmsLRi*yLRisVV][
cRLSRLRiFysLRi sVV][ sLiT
xqsVsaSsVVgSsVs WsVs gRiWLji LiLixms
sRVVsV. @sgS sLixmssRVVsV.

BV N]LiR xqssVRVsVV CLiRsRVLiRV

gRiRVxmsssV. zmssV c CWsV RVLiRRVVsV
RsNRPV srys\sVs sVVs sds\sVsV
LiLixmsssV.
@sgS BLiRsLRiNRPV ssRVLiRVs N]LiRV
@RsoV RLSRLRiFysLRisVV BssRVVsV
sVgRisVV\ FLiVV sV sLixms ssV.
ZNP[ssVV sVVsj. dsLRiV, dsLRiV, sVV,
sVV. s[lLi[sVRVVsV [RV. BV ZNP[s
WRsVVsV N]LiRxqssVRVsVV ysLi c @j
ysNTP sNRPrys\sVs @gjiRVLiRV
sds\sVsV LiLixmssRVVsV.
ssRVLiRVs sVLiRRVVsV [sVVgS c
* d sVgji sRRVsVVgS sWLjiFLiVVsV
LiLixmssRVVsV. @RVRsVV @sLiRsVV
sRVRQsVV. NTPLiaRPVNRPxqsLiNSaRPsVV c @LiVVs
sVgji! sV[sVV c Bj
sLixmsRsRVVsV.

BV [[WRsVVsV g]LiR RRso ysLi c

@j RsNRPV srys\sVs yRVVsosLiRV
sds\sVsV LiLixmsssV.
gSNTP LRiWxmssVVsy? [RV. ZNP[ssVV
xqsLRi+RVVsj. ANSaRPgRiV\sVs aRPsVV yss
@sVsLjiLi RVVsj. @sgS aRPxqsLRi+sVVVss.
BLiRsLRiNRPVsV sR\sVs [[WRsVV.
LRiWxmsLRizR\sV, aRPxqsLRi+sVV[
sWRs[V RVRVRVs gSRVLiRV
ds\sVsV LiRssVV rygjiLixmssRVVsV.
LiRs[ @gji VVNRP ryssVVsV
gSANRPsVLixmssRVVsV. gS! gS!
LRi&VLiLRi&WsWLRiVRsVV!
NSs AgSNTP EgRiVRVs V[so. xqsWRVs c
RssVVs gSs[gRisVV[ xmsRVsNTPs c
dN`PxtsQRsV szLis sL<RiyLRiV [so.
yRVVs[gRisVV[ yV xmsoRVs @gji *V
[so. @ssRVV INRPysRVLi]NRP ds\sVFLiVV
gSgS sWLjisV LiLisVNRPy!

@LiRV[ ZNP[ssVV gS! CVs[RVVRV ANSaRP

gRiLRisVVs sLSLiNRPsVVgRi c sLjiL][RsVVgRi c
DLRiNRPV |msVRVs c xmsLRiVgRiVV dRVVRVs c
xqsVRVV LRiVgRiVRVs c NTPLiRVdsVRgRiV
RVs gS! |mssVgS! LRi&VLiLRi&WsWLRiVRsVV !
xmsRLiR\sVs yRVVWRsVV!
BV ZNP[s sVLRiVyssVVsV RsVVs
g]LiRRRso szmsRVVLi CgS @LiRRVVsV
ANRPxqssVVs sds\sVsV ysLixmsssV.
INRP FyRsV ds[ sVVLi sNTP kzqs (@LiRV
dsLRiVLiR LSRV) FsLiR[ |msVsVV. ALRiLisVVs
AFyRRVLiRV @LiRsV yzmsLi RVVs
ALRiQR (dsRT) NRPsVsVVgRi xLjiLiFLiVV
RT NRPsRNRPVLiR FsosV gRiy! @[ kss
gRiWR sLixmsssV.
@sgS c LRi&VLiLRi&W sWLRiVRsVV VVNRP s[gRisVV
Rgjisj. LRiV NRPRNRPVss. @sRVVsV
aSLiLiRVRVss! aSLiLiss!

@xmso[sVVsj? ZNP[s sWNSaRPsVVsj.

ZNP[ssVV RVV! d! @sNSaRPsVV.
@sLiR\sVs aRPWssVV. sVlLi[ sVRVVsV [RV.
BV ZNP[s\sVs ANSaRPsVVsV gRiWLjis
yssVVsV N]LiRRRso rygjiLixmssRVVsV,
zmssV dsRWNSaRPsVVsV ys NRPjuys\sVs AR
RVLiRV sds \sVsV sLixmsssV. [s\ZNP
ssV AyLRi sVVLiRsRVVsV. AyLRis[V
@juyssVV. ANSaRPsVV sLixmsRVRVsRsgS c
[sRVLiRV sLixmsRVRVsj? AR RVLiRV,
RsRVLi[ Aj sLixmsRVRVsj NRPy!
ysRVLiRV @sgS ANSaRPssVVsNSyLRi\sVs AR
RVLiRV B c C RVLiRRVV sds\sVsV
sLixmsssV.
@xmso[sVVsj? aRPLRizRsVV c
xqsLRi+LRizRsVV c LRiWxms c LRixqs c gRiLiR
sLRizRsVV @LiVVs ARxqs*LRiWxmssVVsj ! @
A xqs*LRiWxmssVVsLiRV s RVVLiRssV.
A][xmsNTP B]NRP @RVR\sVs ryRssVV.

ryRNRPVs [}LijRVsVVV
xmsLiRWRsVVNRPLi s[\lLiss NSso.
@LiRV[ C yssyssVV[ ryRNRPVs
[}LijRWRVV sVgji RVVsV
RLixmsLSRV. @sNRPWR xmsLiRWRsVV][
V sdssVV\ FLiVVsV c ZNP[ssVV
ryOUPQWR\sV ARsxqsVso sVgji RVVsV
LiLixmsssV.
C yssyssVV[ c"ANSaRPsVVsLRiNRPV
rygjiLixmsszqss ysNRPXRsVV sNTP
@LiRVRVsj, NSs @VRLRiVyj xqsxtsQsVVgS
RV sRV [RV' c @szmsLiRVsV.
N]LiRNSsVV CyssyssVVsV @xqssVV[
sVLisysNTP @jRVVsV zqssRVsV.
B yssWLRisVV ssLiLi zqsRV\syRV
sxqsLRiLigRi xqssVVRsVVs xmsaSLiRsVVgS
sVLiRVsV c @s $xqsy bPs }LiRVyLRiV
saRPkNRPLjiLiyLRiV.
gRiR sVR sVryLRiLi

sWLiVVNRP s[Vs[ sVszqs sVy*sM e

xmsLRi FyyaRPM
xmsgRiR sVRsWssVR=LRiM N][7zms ee 12
yee CgRisVLiRRVVsV sry=LRis[V! sWRW
NRPRs[V! @s sLiRVRV GN][LjiNRPRVV
[sy\ c sVRsVVsV sWssVVsV
sVRLRisVVsV dsT ssVNRPV]NRPRV
RV[RsVV sxLjiLiRVsV.
ssLRisVV:
xmsLRix rysRsVV[ gjis sWRV C[NRP
sVVsV NRPLiRVRVsj.
NRPs @sgSs[ @j yxqsssVV NSRs
RVVRVsj. sWRWNRPR\sVs LiVW
gRisVV RVyLRisVVgS Dsj NSRV. @j
FsLiRsWs[s dsLRiV!
FsLiRsWs[ ][RV dsLRiV RzmsNRPsV
dLRiRV. @[ @RVyLRiQ\sVs gRisVV

ryLRiLRizR\sVsj c @s FssRV gSRsVVgS

sLiRV[ ysNTP g][LjiNRP VLiRVsV?
N][LjiNRPss c[x c BLijRV c
@LiRMNRPLRisVVsV RVyLRisVVs sLi
sxmsoRV c dss][ yyRQsVVsV
@sVsLisxmsoRV sWRs[V R VRVsV.
@LiRMNRPLRixmssX[V [s][ N][LjiNRPV
FsVLiR gRiso? ysRVLiRV NSsVN][RsVVV c
[sWxsVVV sVRsWR=LRisVVV FsV
sVRVsV? yRV AyLSsVVRV? RV[ysLji!
ssVNRPVRV!
ssVNRPVQ\s sVxmsoLRiVxtsvRV c
@ssxqs\sVs xqsLiryLRiLiRsVVsVLiT
ssVVNRPVQ\ c ARsxtsv\ sLSVNRPV c
INRPxmsV]NRP sWLRisVVs c s[L]NRPxmsRV
s[L]NRPsWLRisVVs LiRs rygjiLiRVRVLiRVsV.
A sVRVsNRPV GsWLRiQ\sVssV
ARsVVsV gRigjiLiRVsV.

ryRNRP xmsoLRiVxtsvsNRPV A ssVQQNRP xmsoLRiVxtsvs

sWLRisVVV @sVxqsLRiRVsVVV.
yRs NTPyRW
RyLRiLi yzqs sxqsV][ ssV[ e
B saRPRV yssM
xXxtsQyxqss sLRiL][ Wgki ee 13
yee "sWRVNSs c RyLRisVVgSs c ARRVLiRV
[so. ARxqs*RM aRPVR\sVsj' c @s
saRPRVsVV gRiy\ Wgji
AsLiRxmsLjixmspLRiQ\sVs @LiRLRiLigRisVV][
xXxtsv\ sLSVsV.
ssLRisVV :
ARssVV c sWRV [zqssVRsVV sLis.
sVgRiVs ][ dNRP sVs RV. dNRP
LSsVV rygRiVRVs RsgS sVgRiV
DRLiVVLixmss[ "sWRV' @sgS RsVysV

sVLRiRV.......... NSs ysRVLiRV yss

@FyRVsVV][ sVLiRV.
C sWRV c C Li syLjiRsVV NSsLiRsLRiNRPV
xqsLiryLRisVVsj. [}LijRWRVVss.
yLRixmsoyRV VyLRiV. Bs xqsRsVV[ @s
ssVVLiRVsV.
FsLiR sLRiNRPV Bs xqsRsVVVgRi ][RVRVs[ c
@LiR sLRiNRPV ARsVV NRPVgRi [Rsj
sbPRsVV. ARs sVVRLiVVLixmsgS c
sWRWNSLRisVV\s BssRVV RsV
@zqsR*sVVsV g][[sosV.
"xqsWLRiVRVRLiVVLixmsgS dNRP sWzqsFLiVVsV' c
"@LiR sLRiNRPV ]LigRigS][s RVLigRi VVNRP
yxqsss sVVRLiVVLixmsgS NRPsLRisV
aSLiLisV' c sWRWRyLRi sVVV
ARsVV][ @LiRLjiLiFsosV.
ARsxqsVso xqs*RaRPV+R\sVsj. @R
xmsLRixqsLRi+ [RV.

AysVszqsRV\s Wgji c "y NRPLi s[\lLis

[jRVVsV [RV ! GjRVVsV [RV! @LiRsV
s[s[ sLiT RVVysV' @s sLi
xqsLS*RR*sVVsV @sVsLiRVsV.
A @sVs sWWgjis {LRiLiRLRisVVRVLiRV
AsLiR xmsLjixmspLRiVs [RVVsV.
A AsLiRsVVs NRPLiRsVV[RV ! A xL<RisVVs
NRPsj [RV.
R*sVx sVsWs {[
sWjR yyyyLRiM e
sxLRi s[N][
ssVxqsVLi[s_ sVgRiM ee 14
yee AysLiR rygRiLRisVgRiVQQ\s WgjiNTP c "dsso c
s[sV' @sT [RVj DLiRRV. @ sV
AyLRisVVVsV @RsNTP AsLiRsVVs[
NRPgjiLiRVsV. @RRV Vss xqsy
xmsxqssVQQ\ INRPQ\ RLjiLiRVsV.

ssLRisVV :c
ARrysRsVVs sWRV C xqsLiryLRiVjs sLixms
[RVVRVsj. xqsLiryLRisVV c "s[sV c dsso; "dsRV c
yRV'; "dsRV yyRV'; "yRV xmsLRiVRV'; "Bj yj'; "@j
ysj'; yss s[sV r~LiRsVV [zqsN]ssRVVsV';
"kss NSFyRV N]ssRVVsV' c ByjgS xsR
[R ssVVNRPV sRV\sVsj.
$gRiVLRiVNRPXFyNRPORPQsVV[ ARs
sVVRLiVVLixmsgS sWRWsxqs\sVs xqsLiryLRisVV c
ysss sLiRV NRPsLRisVV @RXaRPsVgRiVsV.
@sgS ysNTP xqsLiryLRisVV g][RLjiLixmsRs NSRV.
g][RLjiLiRVsV, NSs NRPsLRi sVVLiRRV.
ANRPxqssVVsj, dssVVgS gRisRVRVLiRVsV.
@RV @R dssLRisVV][ sLiTs sxqsVs[][
yzmsLi RVVsRs RLiRVsV. zqssyRV
c"@R s[sVRVVsV [RV, aRPWss[V AdLRiVs
NRPsRVRVs Rs gRizLiRVsV.
BR ANRPxqssVV @s ZNPV
g][RLjiLiRVRVs][ FysNRPVsV @V[

g][RLjiLiRVRVsj, NRPsRVRVsj c @s
RVVRVsj NRPy!
@[ ARsyxqsLixmssVQQ\s
ssVNRPVsNRPVsV @s NRPVsV xqsLiryLRisVV
VVNRP g][RLRiR*sVV[ [RsVV [RV.
@RV kss RLji+LiRVRV c Bj xqsRsVs
sLiRVsV. FyRV c kss RLji+LiRVRV
BRLiRRVV sWRWsxqssVs
gRizLiRVVLiRV[ ksRVLiRV xqsNRPVRV
NSRV.
C NSLRisVV[Rs[ @sRVLiRV "dsso c s[sV'
ByjgS [RVj RV RVVLiRVsV.
FysRVLik [RVj @LiNRPVLjiLixmsRV.
@RRV xqsLRi*sVVsV xsVRVsVVgS
@sVsLiRVsV.
AyLRi[RsVVV c sjs}tsQRsVVV
ryyLRiVNRPV, ssVQQNRP xmsoLRiVxtsvsNRPV C
[RsVVVNRPWR DLiRso. @RRss
xqssVssVV][ @LigkiNRPLjiLiRVsV.

s[dsVR sRRVRVsyRV c Bj yLji. @j ]LiNRP;

Bj sV c @j g][LiVV, Bj s[ c @j dsLRiV Byj
[RsVVsV gRisVsLi sRNRPsV
rygjiLixmsssV. [NRPVs yRV g][[
xmsRsRVsV, G[ xmsRsRVsV.
ANSaRPsVVs RLjiLiRVysNTP c gRigRissLjiNTP B
[RsVV sV sRVsVsVVsV FyLiRV sNRPLRi
RVVLiRRV. yRV RV[RsVV xqsLiRLjiLixms
sRVsV.
@[ AyLRi[RsVVV ryyLRiVNRPV,
ssVNRPVsNRPV @s AyLRisVVVsV
xqssVRsVV[. @LiVVssV sVs sVVsV
Lijs Wgji c ysV RV[RsVV
sLjiLixmssRVss NRPVxtsQsLRisV\ RLjiLixmsRV.
@s AyLRisVVsV xqssVsVVgS RVs[ NSs
RVLSyLRisVVsV @sVxqsLjiLixmsRV
Vs sWsxqssVVs NSssVVLiRRV. @V[
zqsRV\s Wgji VVNRP sWsxqssVVNRPWR sR
xmsxqsssVVgS sVLiRVsV.

Vs sV[\sLRisVVsNRPV ys @ssVV
NSLRisVV, yRV xqssV[uyaRPNSLiRsVRV.
LigSLRisVV, LSLiVV, sV|ms c VsNRPV
xqssVsVVgRis[ NSssRVsV. Bj sV\ssj; @j
sVs[sj c @sT ssVV ysRVLiRV
sLixmsRV. ysNTP gSLRisVV ys @ssVV.
WgjiVVNRP sWsxqssVV NRPWR sRsLRisVVgS
sVLiRVsV. BR \sLRisVVsNRPV gSLRisVV
ssVV.
WgjisVV xqssV[uyaRPNSLiRsV\
RLjiLiRVLRiV. yLRiV C sVNTPs A
LigSLRisVVsNRPVsV [RsVV sLiRLRiV. sVs
RVNRP NSRV; lLiLiRVsV sWRWsxqssVV[
@s yLRiV gRizLi RVVLiRV yLji xqssVVjNTP
NSLRisVV.
@LiRV[ zqsRxmsoLRiVxtsv sLRissVV Vs
sLRissVVsV [RVVLiRVsV, yLji
sLRisLRissVVsNRPV }RVsoV sWRsVV
ssVV\ss[.

\Q*RsVV RVM}RVso, @\Q*RsVV

AsLiRNRPLiRsVV. "Dsj yNRP[' c @s FssRV
gRizLiRV[ c @sVsLiRV[ c @RRV
@LiRsVV[s AsLiRrygRiLRisVVs sxLjiLiRVsV.
@sRWR NRPLRi[
R jLSLi][xmssVM N][7zms e
AyLSsW RVLS
@dsN][[xtsQ* yQ}qs ee 15
yee xsR*Ljixtsv\s zqsRxmsoLRiVxtsvRV
xqsLRi*NRPLRi xmsLjiygji\V AyLSsVV\ c [NRPVNRPV
@R]NRP RVRV, syRV @szmsLiRVRV
@ds{qssV RVLiRV sxLjiLiRV RVLiRVsV.
ssLRisVV :
xqsRLSRLRisVV xqs*LRisVVsV |msVsV.
RVxtsQLSRLRisVV sLRiNRPsVVsV [LRiVsV.
ryyLRi[NRPsVV xqs*LRiQFyxmsNRPsVV

sLRiNRPsyLRiNRPsVV @LiVVs NRPLRiRVLiRV

sLjiLiRVsV.
"@xLizqs' @s @sVssVV][ FsssNTP
xqsLRi*sVV xsVRVsVVgS [RxmsTs][ c
@RRV RV RWgSj NRPLRiRVLiV
xmssLjiLiRVsV?
@R]NRPs[ @ NRPLRiRVLiRV sLjiLissV
AyLSsVV\ ARWNRPLRisV INRP @sRVsVVgS
ARLjiLiRVs[ NSs c NRPLRiQXR*Vj][ c
xmns}msORPQgRiy\ ARLjiLixmsRV.
@ NRPLSRLRixqssVRVsVVs gRiWR @RRV
ry*R sxtsv\ c xsVV y\s RVVLiRVs[ NSs
rygRiVRVs NRPLRisVVsLiRV yyRQsVVsV
LixmsRV.
@ sV NSR]NRP RVss c ss
][RVsV. RWxtsQWxtsQ LRiryLRisVV
NSRRV N]Li\sVssV xqsLijLixms NRPVLiRV[V
ksNTP gSLRisVV.

xqsLiryLRisVVsLiRV xqsRyVj gRiyLji][

[NRPsVV ssxLjiLixmsgRiRV. sW[
s[yLiRsVV, ARLRisVVs [NRPxmssX
NRPyLjis ARLjiLixmsgRiRV.
xqsLRi*y [NRPLiR ssVVNRPVQ\ RLjiLiRV
zqsRxmsoLRiVxtsv ds[NRPsVV @LiRVN]s[RV.
@LRisVV [zqsN]s RV. yLjis gSLiLiVW[NRPsVV
@VLRixmsRVsV.
[NRPssLRisVV][ [aRPsVVsV xqsLiLiRsVV
[s AsVxmsoLRiVxtsvV [NRPRXztsQNTP RVV,
jLRiVV.
AsVxmsoLRiVxtsvV sVsLRiVsV [s
@RsoRVLiRV ssV c [NRP
sxsVVVVNRP sRVsV sVssV c
RsV[ ysVVLiRVLRiVgSs @RsoRVLiRVsQ[
!
aSyQ RX][xmsgRiWRM
aSs xqssVrys s[R[yLRiM e

LRisV[ LRixqsGN][
LRis[V ry*ss xmsLRi[ ee 16
yee ssVNRPVQ\s sVRVRV c
BRLRisVV\s s[Rs aSLiLixmsgS
sVzRV\ c xmsLRisWsLiRsVs |qs\|ms
aSLi[ss gSRsVV N_gjiLiRVN]s
LRisVLiRVRVLiRVsV.
ssLRisVV:c
@LiRMNRPLRisVV c BLijRVsVVV c Bs zLRiV
xmssX NRPs. @s aRP c xqsLRi+ c LRiWxms c LRixqs c
gRiLiyRNRPsVV\s sxtsQRVsVVsLiNRP
xmsLRiVlgiRVRV sVLiRVsV. ysVVNRP C
zLRiVxmssX @aSLis[ |msVsV.
ssVNRPVs BLijRVsVVV @LiRLRiLigRisVV
zLRiV xmssXs g][[sosV. A
sVxmsoLRiVxtsvsRVLiRV ysNTP @LiRLRiV sX
sRzqsRsVgRiVsV.

ryRs RaRPRVLiRVsyRV xqsxsVVgS

sxtsQRVsVV sLiNRP LRiVsRVRVs Rs
BLijRVsVVsV xmsRVR xmspLRi*NRPsVVgS
ssVNRPNRPV sVLRi AysVVsVVVgS
sVsV RVLiRVsV. ssVNRPVsRVLiR
xmsRVRsVV [NRP[V Ay sVVsVVgRiVRV
@s sztsQQRVsVVgRiVsV. AsVRVRV [xmsV
sjLiRVVs LRiVsos
(""xqsVxmsdsVsBsxRM'' LRixmnsVVsLiaRPsVV)
aSLiyLiRLRiLigRiV\ sLSVsV. @Vs zqs[V
aSLi [ds gSyLigRissVVgS xmsxqsVLixmssV.
sLji*NRPQ\sVs LiVWzqsRVLiRV Wgji
@ssVLRiVLigRiNRP AyLSsVV\ AsLijLiRVsV.
DsWR sxtsQRWM
{qs*NRPXR \sLSgRiN][aRP xqsLRi*xqs*M e
ry*ysLiRsVzsV
ry*LS[7zqss sLS[ RVLS ee 1`

yee ssVNRPVQ\s RVRNRPsLji c aRP

xqsLS+j sxtsQRVsVVsRV aRPRVsosV
sLRiWLi RVVLiRVsV. sLRiNTP @sRV
RygSLRisVV[s RssV @RsNTP ry*RVRQ\sV
RVVLiRVsV. BVVs AsVxmsoLRiVxtsvRV
AysLiR sVzR \sVs xqs*LSsVVs
sLSVRVLiRVsV.
ssLRisVV :
aRPsVV[ s, xqsLRi+xqsVsVV[
R*gjiLijRVsVV, LRiWxmssVV[
RORPVLjiLijRVsVV, LRixqssVV[ }*LijRVsVV,
gRiLiRsVV[ xmnsW[LijRVsVV ANRPL<jiLixmsT
ysNTP (AsxtsQRVsVVNRPV) saRPsLRiVQ\
RLjiLiRVRVLiRVsV. aRPjsxtsQRVsVVV a][yj
BLijRVsVVsV RsVsaRPsVLi RVLiRVN]s
RsVRVVsV xmsV N]sV RVLiRVsV. Bj
ryyLRi[NRPzqs.
AR rysWsVVsVLiT xtsvs gSsLi c RsVNRPV
ETgRisVV [LiVVLiRVN]sVRVs c C aRPjsxtsQRV

aRPRVso sV RVRNRPsLji sLRiW sVVsLji

RVVLiRVsV. ys FyRVsV |msNRPLi s[RVVsV.
@VsLRiV[ ARs LiVVLijRVsVVV
sxtsQRVLiRsVVsVLiT ssVVNRPsVV\
RVVLiRVsV.
BLiRsLRiNRPV sxtsQRVxqsNRPsVV\s
BLijRVsVVV ys sVLiT sLRiNRPsVVgRiVsV. C
sLRiNTP c C \sLSgRisVV ysNTP xmsoztsQs sVVsV
[NRPWLRiVsV. xmsLRi}qssssVV[ dsLRixqs xmsTs
BLijRVsVVV c \sLSgRiRs xqsLixmsssVV\
xmsNSbPLiRVsV. @xmsoRV AysLiRFyzmsNTP INRP
ALiNRPsVVLiRRV.
RV[NRPRNRPsLji sWRs[V kss
ryjLiRVsV. ARsLiRFyzmsNTP sxtsQRWxqsNTP
xmssL][RsVsj ryLRisVV.
xqssRLRizms bdPRLRiV_
Rs[ dZOP[Q7xms][ sxRg_ e
sWLiVVNRP sVRsV ss

ssVQQN][ s sxqsLiVWs ee 18
yee xqsWLRiVRV RgS c RLiRVRV sRgS
][ssV c @gji @][sVV\sV *LissV c
sVVNRPxmsoLRiVxtsvRV BRLiRRVVsV
sWRWsxqss[V @s sLiRVs[ gSs AaRPLRisVV
ssVsLixmsRV.
ssLRisVV :
xqsWLRiVsNRPV s[T, RLiRVsNRPV RRssVV
xqs*szqsRsVVV. @V[ @gjiNTP ELRiQ*sVV
*ssVV (@gji* \|msNTP[RVsV gSs NTPLijgS
sVVgRisVV|msRV) xqs*ssVV. dss LiVW xqs*ssVV
sRVsV sWLRiso.
sWLRiVs c xqsWLRiVRV RLiRVss
RRssVVsV. RLiRVRV xqsWLRiVss
sRRssVV sR yLRiLiLi sxmsoRV c @gji
@][sVVsVVgS *LisxmsoRV c FsLiR
gRiLidLRixmsNRPX\VssV AaRPLRixmsRVsV.
sxqsRVsVVsV LiRVsV.

NSs xsyLisLRiV\s Wgji kssgSLi

N]LisVVsV RsRRV.
@RRV xqsLRi*Q\sVs gRisVVsV
sWRWNRPRsVVgS gRizLisy\ c
gRiNRPsVV\|mss sxtsQRVsVVRVLiRV c
@\ssV c xL<Ri c a][NRP c sxqsRWRV
ssVsLixmsRV.
a][NRPrys xqsxry c xL<Ri rys aRPysR e
js}qs js}qs RVWR c sWsaRPs s xmsLiTRsV ee
c LRiRsVV.
L][NRPV s[LiVVryLRiV GT c sLiR ryLRiV sso*
sVWRVs ORPQsVV. xmsLiTRVRV xL<Ri
a][NRPsVVNRPV @dRVRV.
NSgS gRisVssNTP sWRWNRPRsVs
saRPRVVj sLiRVVs][ c ysNTP c
gRiR=LiLiRV\s sNSLRisVV sWRW
ssVVVgRis[ ][RVsVgSs xqsRsVVVgS FsV
][RVsV?

@s \sLji sLiVW
xms sWR sVxqsNSLRiWRM e
sxLRi xqsLiRVsV LSM
xqssVLRixqs xqsVysV xqsLRi*][LRis[V ee 19
yee RV ZaP[LRiVRV @ssVs aRPRVso\|ms
RVsVVsV ryjLi c ssVs GsVgRiV sNTP
xqsLRi*][LRisVQ\sVs xmsLRisWsLiRysVsVVs
sxLjiLiRVsV.
ssLRisVV:c
ARRVLiRV @yRVj c @yRRVLiRV
ARVj @ssVV[ gRiVgRiVRVsj.
ksss xqsLiryLRiLiR s[VLRiRV RVsj.
@LiRV[ xqsLiryLRiLiRsVVsV gRigjiLiRV
@ssVV aRPRVso.
ssVNRPVsRVLiRV @s RLRiVLiRso.
[RV RVLiRV yss ssVV c ARRVLiRV
@yRVj ARs RVLiRVLiRso. C NSLRisVV[

@RRV @ssVs aRPRVsosV sLjiLisyRVgS

gkiLjiLixmsRVRVyRV.
[RRV \sVsxmsoRVNRPy @s syaRPsVV! Bjg][
Bj yyxqssLRiWxmssVV @s zqsN]s c A
sRVLi[ c ssyRV c gRiLRiWRVss
\s[sRV\ xmsNSbPLiRVRVyRV.
@VsyRV @sVsLiRV AsLiRsVVsNRPV
@LiRsVV [RV.
VsoV c xqsLRixqsV=V FsLiR |msR\sssV c
xqssVVR sVVsV s NRPsVNRPV @s ss[ c
@sVV[.
@[ AysLiRsVVsLiRV Bx[NRPsVV[s
AsLiR sVVV c xmsLRi[NRPsVV[s AsLiRsVVV c
BLiyjxmsRsVVV c xqsWLRiVssVVLiRV js
sVgRiVs ss[sosV. AysLiRsVVsNRPV
ryNSgRi AsLiRsVV s[L]NRP [s[[RV.

@ssVVsV @gRi]NTP sgRiLRiWRV\s

RVV LS @ xmsLRisWsLiRsVVs sxLjiLiRV
RVyRV.
Bs[[ Bs (@ssVV\|ms sRVsVV c
sgRiL][xsVV c xmsLRisWsLiysVssVV)
INRPys sLiT INRPgS ryjLixmsszqss sVWRV
xmssVVNSso.
B]NRP[ NRPXRsVV. @ssVV\|ms
sRVryRssVV! kxmssVV sVgRiVNRPVsV
dNRP ]gRiVNRPVsV sVR @LiRLRi
sVVLiRVsV c [RRVsVV][ @ssVV
ssxtsQsVgRiVsV. @RQ\sVs
sWsVNRPRVLiRV sRV[V
xmsLRisWsLiRysV sLRisVV!
@LiRV[ sNRPyRV AyyRss[NRPsVVsV
LiF~LijLiRV ryRssWLRisVVs @xqssVV
rygjiLixmssRVVsV.
aSy xLiNRPX ][xtsQM

xqsVxqssWzR sWsxqsM N][7zms e

xmsplLi[sV bPbPLRi[
LSyss xqsRRzqsNRPM ee 20
yee xqsysLiRsVRV\sVs xmsLRixsVVs
sRLRisVbdPV\s WgjiRVLiRV c
"@xLiNSLRi][xtsQsVV' DLiRRV. @Rs sWsxqssVV
@sQQ\sxmso sVLiTRVVsV Fso[RVT
xqssWzR\sV RVVLiRVsV.
xmsossVRLiRVss R\ss ssVV][
sLiT AsLiRLRizqsNRPV\s @Wgji FsR[gSs
LixmsRV.
ssLRisVV:
sVssVV xmsoVNRPV xmspLRi*sVV[sVV.
sVLRisLiRLRi sVVLiRsVV; @VNSNRP xqsXztsQNTP
WLRi*sVV c xmsRWsLiRLRisVV NRPWR
sLji*NSLRisVVgRi s RVVLiRVsj xqs`
@sRVsV. xmsLRixsVV xqsR=Q*LRiWxmssVV.

@j sRVsVV, (s xqs*LRiWxmssVV) sVLjiRVVsV

AsLiRsVRVsVV.
[}LijRWRVRVLiRV "s[sV' @sT
ssVVsV sVxmso[V @xLiNSLRi][xtsQsVV. Bj
A][xmsNTP gRi @sL][RsVV. kssss[
xqsLiryLRiLiRsVV.
ssVNRPVQ\s WgjiRVLiRV
@xLiNSLRi][xtsQsVV DLiRRV. saRP*LRisVV\s
[}LijRWRVsV ysVgS @RsRVsV
sLixmsRV. ss sVLRiLRizR\sV xqsy sLji*NSLRi
sVVgS sVLiRV xmsLRixs[V yss @sVW
RVLiyRRV ssVgRiVQQ\ RVVLiRVsV.
sVs sVsxqsV= ssRsxtsQRVsVVLiRV
sOTPQxmsQ\sV RVVLiRVsV. RLji
xmsTRVVLiRVsV. INRP xqsLi][ RVsVV
sV. xmssWRsaRPsVVs @j [LiVV
Ljisj. RVsVV s[\|ms @sQQ\sxmsoNRPV
RLjiFLiVVss. @[ ssR sxtsQRVsVV RVLiRV
RLjixmsTRVVs sWsxqssVVsV c ARVsVVsV

Fso[zqssV c WgkiLiRVRV FsLjiLiRVsV.

xqssWzLRi sVVsLjiLiRVsV.
BgRiV[ ARs sWsxqssVV
yxmsLRizRsVgRiVsV. RLiRVss R\ss
@LiRMNRPLRisXRVV NRPy\Wgji
sLiRLRizqsNRPV\ sLSVsV.
@xLiNSLRi][xtsQs[V sN][NTP
sVssVVsV NRPVgRi sRV[RV.
xtsQs xmsLRiRLRiysV
{qs*RVxqsVry*RxmsLRisaRPM N][7zms e
NS*zms yRV
NRPVxyRV NRPVyzms sXR \sQ*LRisV ee
21
yee xmsLRisWsR\sVs xxmsRsVVs
szqsLiRVRV c AysLiR LRiryry*RxmsLRisaRPV\ c
INRP][ yssVgRiVRV c s[L]NRP][ gSssVgRiVRV,
BLiN]NRP][ sXRsVgRiVRV\s RLjiLiRV WgjisLRiV
R[gSs LixmsRV.

ssLRisVV :
sWssoNRPLi [sRV c [sRNRPLi
xLjixLRi zLRigRiLRiVVsV @jNRPVV.
xmsLRixxmsyLRisVV yLjiLisV sVsQQ\Vsj.
""xmsLRisW\Q*R sds sVRWLSRM xqs\sRV e
yLSRV[s LRiV[ Ry [\s Lji*ZaP[xtsQRM ee''
cxgkiR.
""@R*RVsxqsLixmssVQQ\s Wgji yNRPV xqsLRi*y
xmspRV. yZNP[NSRV. yLSRVVsNRPV c
LRiVRVsNRPVsV gRiWR @R yLSRVQ\
RVVyRV. BNRP [sRV AsVRVs
sjNRPsVVgS }qssLixmsRgjisyLRis s[lLi[
xmssNRPLRi[RV'' c @s xgkiR.
xsR*lLi[VRV BLiRxmsRss c
xxmsRssgRiWR gRiTxmsLRiNRPgS RVsV.
@RRV RXNRPXR xxmsoLRiLiRLRiVRV.
@RRsVsLiRV AsLiRsVV BLiRxmsRsVVs c

xxmsRsVVs [RV. @LiRV[

xmsLRixsVV xqsL][*sR\sVsj.
WgjisLRiVRV xmsLRixs[V yss
sWsVNRP RVLiRV xqsVzqsLRiV\ c
AysLiRLRiryry*R xmsLRisaRPV\ RVVLiRVsV.
[NRPsVV[s G AsLiRsVVsV AysLiRsVVsNRPV
ry NSRV. sVLjiRVV sxtsQRWsLiRsVV sRVVsV c
AysLiR rygRiLRisVV sVLiT RLjis
bdPNRPLRisVV[. RVLixmsLRi[.
""sy @lLi[ xmsRVM NSsWRV xmsM zmsWs'', c
XxyLRiNRPsVV.
INRPssR RsLRisV sVNTP
}mssVLiRVRVsj. ysVgS AsVRVV, AsVsV
RVRVs [NRPsVVsV c AsVNRPV gRi
xms}mssV @FyLRisVV. sLRiVxmssVsVV @s[V
sLiRVRVyLRiV. NSs yxqss sVj NSRV.
"AsVNRPV RsRVLi[ }mssV. xmsRVLiRV NSRV' c
@s aRPV VxmsoRVsj. ALRiss

RsNRPV xqsVsVV LiRVRVLiR[Rs[

AsVLRisV @LiRgS }mssVLiRVRVsj. Rs
AsLiRsVVs\ZNP AsV xmss }mssVLiRVRVsj.
AsVNRPV RsRVLi[ }mssV @s
saRPRsVgRiVRVsj.
BV [NRPsVV[ FssLRiV [s sLiRgS
}mssVLiRVRVsV NSssssV ys
NRPLiRNRPVsV AR}mssV[V NSLRisVV.
INRPRV Rs LRisV sLiVN]s Gs
yVRVyRV. GLRiV s[gRisVVgS
xmsszLiRVRVsj. LRisV Rs F~Rs
xmsVN]s yRV Gs yVRVyRV.
xmsyxs[gRisVV ds[RV
@jNRPsVVgRiVRVss. BRLjis NSFyRVN]sVRV
sRRV NRPxtsQsVVgS sVsj. R, LRi c
BRLji NS ds[ [FsoRVss. yLRiV dsss
VN]s s[RVRVyLRiV. yRV C LiVVRLji][ Gs
y ssVN]yRV. FssLjis sRV? R, LRi.

yRV Rs sRyRV. LRisV VN]s

sRVsrylgisV.
Rs[ GsRsV? LRi s[ sR[RV?
ys NTPxmsoRV R ssNRPLi LRiss
LiRV xqsVsVNRPVs. @LiRV[ Rs
sRyRV.
yRV LRi][ sRRVRV INRPg][[ xmsTyRV.
dslLiNRPVsgS Dsj. yRV DNTPLjiNTPLji\VyRV.
LRisV LRiOTPQLiRVN]sVRV RssV
LRiOTPQLiRVN]sV NRPxtsQsVszmsLisj.
RssV gRigSVN]sRVVs LRisV
sRLiRV N]syRV. ds[sVLiT R\|ms
ZNPyRV. CRVN]s VVRVsNRPV [LjiyRV.
C DyxLRigSRsV N]LisVV xmsLjibdPs
[RVVRsVV.
@RsNTP RdsVR LRidsVR }mssVRVVsj.
NSs RsdsVR }mssV FsNRPVs. ALiVVRLjiss
RsNRPV xqsVsVV LiRVRVsj gSs yRy

LiVVRLjis [sVLiRVRV syRV. yLji\|ms

}mssVNRPVgRiWR RsdsVj}mssV[V NSLRisVV.
FsxmsoRV RsZNP[ sVVxmsV sRVRVsRs ][[
@xmsoyRRV INRPLjiRLRiVyR NRPLRiVgS
yLiVVRLRisV G[ sR ysV RV xmsTyRV.
G AsLiRsVVsV AysLiRsVVsNRPV ryNSso.
@RQ\sVs AysLiRsVVssVsLiRV
sVRVRV A RWsLiRsVVs LRisaRPV\ INRP][
yssVV }qsRVVRV xmsTRVVLiRVsV. INRP][
FyRVsV. INRP][ ARVsV. ""@RyysLiR
sVjLSsVRVRV gRiy!''
@gRiX{yxmnsVNRPM
xmsaRPsVR xqsssVMN][7zms e
sNRPQXRNSLRiNRPxmsM
xtsQyss {qssVs NS*zms ee 22
yee xqsLRi*sVVsV zqssyRV c FyxmssWs
sVLis y\ aSLiLis xqsLiNRPsVV

xqsLiRTgRiy\ c xqsLRi*NRPLRisV sxqsLjiLi,

sRVsj [NRP @LiRsV sLiTRVVs
@LiR xmsLRixxqs*LRiWxmssVVs ssVgRiVQQ\
RVVLiRVsV. @ sVRV R[gSs
LixmsRV.
ssLRisVV :
@xmnsVsVsgS FyxmssVV, Fyxms sVsyRLjiLiRVsV?
sxtsQRWxqsNRPV yRLjiLiRVsV. sxtsQRWxqsNTP
[}LijRVsVVRVLiR yyRQsVV][
sLiRVRVsj.
[NRPsVV lLiLiRV LRiNRPsVVV.
FyxmsNSLSxqsNRPQ\sVsj. xmsoNSLSxqsNRPQ\sVsj.
FyxmssVVRVM[gRisVVs\ZNP aRPLkiLRisVVsV
|msVsV. xmsosVV xqsVsVssVVs\ZNP
aRPLkiLRisVVsV gRiLiRVsV.
Bs lLiLiRVsV sos xqsLiryLRisVVs LijLi
RVVLiRV ss[V. lLiLiRVsV LiRsVV[. INRP
BsVxmsxqsLiZNP. lLiLiRsj LigSLRiV xqsLiZNP.

@ssVV RsVRVLiRV sLis

sxtsQRWxqsNTPs sgRizLixms RRV. ysN]NRP
@sL][RsVVsV gRiLixmsRV. sLjiL][RsVVgRi yss
rygRisRVsV. @VsLjiLiRV[ FyFyRLRisVV
xqsLisLiRVsV.
BLiRVNRP \ssyLRiV c RsVRVLiR
sxtsQRWxqsNTPNTP N]s xRVV c xmsLjisVRVV
NRPLi c xqsV[gRisVVsV |msV
xmsoNRPLRisVV yRLjiLiRVLRiV.
BRLRiVsV aRPLkilLi[LijRWRV][T yyRQsVV
gRi ylLi[. BRLRiVsV ARrysWsVVsVLiT
xtsv\sylLi[.
[}LijRVsVV][T yyRQs[V xqsLRi*FyxmssVV
NRPVsV sVWsVV. CaRPLkiLRisVVsV ysVgS
sLiRV[V sVFyxmssVV.
CyyRQsVVsV dsT WgjixmsoLigRisoRV
sLSVsV @LiRV[ @RRV FyxmsoxmsosVVNRPV
@dRV\ RVVLiRVsV. ysNTP

(xmsoFyxmssVVNRPV) Lijs
@sWsQ\sVssV ys RVLiRVLiRRV.
sVsxqsVsV RV[RsVVgS BLijRVsVV
yLRiVgRiVLiy aRPj sxtsQRVsVVsLiNRP
xmsLRiVlgiR ssxmsoRV c ys RVLiRVR LiVVLiRV
xqsLiNRPsVVsNRPV (N][LjiNRPNRPV) @LiR sVVLiRRV.
aRP xqsLRi+ LRiWxmsLRiryRV[ ANRPXxtsQsVgRiVRV
RsVV ssR xqsLiNRPsVV][ sLiRVsV.
(aRPsVVs LRisVLiRVRV xqsLRi+ xqsVsVVsV
yLiLiRVsV. xqsLRi+xqsVsVLiRVLiT c
LRiWxmsRLRi+s NSLiORPQ gRiRgRiVsV. BV
ysRVLiR xqsLiNRPsVVNRPV @LiR sVVLiRRV).
B sxtsQRWsVV xqsLiNRPsVV xqsLiRT[ c
NSsV N][yRVV RVRVsV. @xmsoRV
yRVNRPR*sVV ys [RV[sNTP [sosV.
INRP sVsgRiLRisVVsLi [NSLRisVV[R[ xqssV
LRiVgRiVRVsj. sVV FsNRPVsgS
dsRVRVLi[[ syRsVV sLjiLiRVRV
xmsLjisVLiRV RVyLRiV. @s[ RVLRisVV

(gRiWLiyV) yLji][ gRiRVVRVLRiV. AxqssVVVNRP

ORPQQsVV sWLjiFsosV. RVuyLRisVVV
LRiVgRiVsV. zLixqs LRiVgRiVsV. syaRPsVV
xqsLisLiRVsV.
@V[ sxtsQRWsVV sXRV @jNRPsVVs
NSsV N][yRVV RV yydR=sVVsV
gRiLiRVsV.
FysNRPV [xyyRQs[V [RV. BNRP ys
RsVV BLijRVsVV yLRiVgRiVLiy
sxtsQRVsVVsLiNRP xmsLRiVlgiRV FsV
LRiVgRiVsV?
B xqsLiNRPLRizR\sVs sWsxqssVVs c
NSsVN][yRVV RV }qs*y sLRi sVV
[RVVsV?
@LiRV[ WgkiaRP*LRiVs RsVV xqsLiNRPsVV
xqsLiRT [s\ xmsaSLiRsVVgS sVLiRVsV.
@RRV ""@FyLRisVV c @sLiRsVV c @LiRsVV c
s{qs=sVsVV c ryLRi*[bPNRPsVV c ryLRi*NSNRPsVV c

s RVsVsj [NRP xmspLRi sxqsVso\s RVVs

xmsLRixsVVsLiRV'' c xqsVzqsLSxqsy{qssV\
sLSVsV.
RxmsLi sVsM NRPVLRiLi
yLRiV gRiX{y* ssVLRi+ygRiVLRiRW e
sgRisWLRisLRiM
aSsM ZaP[[xqs*ysV N][7}msNRPM ee
yee RLiR\sVs sVsxqsV= @sT c [Ts, ssVLRi+
RVsT DRVs NRP c s[yLRisLji\V c
@zqs c r~zqs ARysVsVVs xqsVsVVgRi ss][
aRPRVsLixms gRiVgRiVsV.
ssLRisVV :
[T RLiR\sVsj. @j xmsFyVNSsVV[
FsRN][ xmsLRiVlgiRVsV. yss VN]sV
xqsVryRsVVNSRV.

@[ sVsxqsV=. @j ""xmssW c2 sxmsLRiRV c 3

sNRP c 4 sy c 5 xqsQX "sXRV' ssLiLi c
sxtsQRWLRisVV RVLiRV sxLjiLiRVRVLiRVsV.
____________________
1. "xmssW c sxmsLRiRV c sNRP c sy c xqsQXRRVM'
cWgRixqsWRsVVV.
xmssW\RVsV sVsxqsVVVNRP sRNRPV.
1. xmssWsVV :c Bj xmsRQORPQ c @sVsWs c AgRisV
LRiWxmssVVs sVWRVLRiNRPsVVV.
2. sxmsLRiRVsVV :c @sgS sVyssVV. INRPyss
s[L]NRPgS RLiRV sxmsLRiRVsVV.
3. sNRPsVV :c aRPaRPs sWRsVVs sVsxqsV
INRPLRiWxmssVV s[LRiLRiRVN]sV\ZNP NRPRVsV. A
NRPRNRP sNRPsVV. (""LSxbdPL<RisVV''
@sLiRs[ yss RNRPVssV c sVsxqsV INRP
LRiWxmssVVsV NRPLiRVN]sVsV. @ NRPRNRP
sNRPsVV.)

4. sR :c @ssVVsV (GsVRVVsV [NRPFsosV)

sLiRV\ZNPs sWszqsNRP\sVs sX sR.
5. xqsQX :c xmspLS*sVWR sxtsQRVsVVsV
syyL`iR sVV[ LRiWxmso
gRiLiRVN]sV\ZNPsVsxqsV @sLiLiRVsX
xqsQX.
aRPLRisVVsVLiT xqsLS+LRisVVsNRPV c
yssVLiT LRiWFyLRisVVsNRPV c @sVLiT LRixqs c
gRiLiyLRisVVNRPV @j xmssWRV\s
sXRVsV (sRNRPsV) sWLRiVRV
RWNRPVRVLiRVsV, xmsLRiVsRVRVLiRVsV, @
yss sVsLjiLiRV FsV? NRPRNRPVLiR
NRPs[RVV FsV?
sLRiLiRLRisVV xmsLRiVsRV [Ts
VN]sVNRPV INRPs [y DRVsLi
ryRssVV @sxqsLRisVV. sVsxqsVsV
VN]sVNRPV ssVLRi+ c ARssVLRi+ c
gRij*sVLRi+ rygjiLiRVRV RssV
[}LijRWRVNRPLi sQQ\sVs yssgS

sLiRV INRP DRVs DxmsWgRi xmsRVsV.

DRV[ NTPs [Ts ARssVLRi+ssVV
rygjiLiRVsVs sWsxqssVV sgRizLixmsRVsV.
@Rs[ yLji NRPsVg]sV NRPxtsQsVV. Gj FsRNRPV
g]LiFso[ RVRV. @[ s[RsVV
@LRisVVsLRiVLigRiV NRPxtsQsVV. sVNTP
aRPsVLisysNTPgSs s[yLRisVV c @sgRiRsVV
NSRV. @V aRPsVLis kLRiVsNRPV s[RsVVV
"xqsLRi*Li x sVRV' sVs [jLiRVRVLi[
yRLRisVV gRiss sVgRiVsV.
@xqs\sLSgRisVV][ xqsVxtsv NRPR\sVs AR
ssVLRi+ @sRV DRV[ sVsxqsV @sT [Ts
NRP c s[yLRisVV[ jLjigjiLjigji c""xqsLRi*Li
xsVRV'' sVs, ""s[x yyzqs NTPs c'' @s
gRizLiRVRVLiRV @zqss WgjixqsRsVVRV c
Ljigji Ljigji sVNTP @zqs, BLiNTP [Lji
xqsVsVVgRi sjLis yss c "@xLi zqs'
@s sWsVNRP sjL][zLi c
@ssVLRiVLigRisy\ sLjiVsV.

yLRiVRyxmnsVLi
kLRi sVsM RyLRiRW xy* e
@RWLRi[ N][7zms
\|qs#*LRi sLki RV[NRPM ee 24
yee #9; RsVsRV NRPWLRi\sVs Vs c
kLRi\sVs sVsVM RsVVVVNRP yRLRi][
(xmsRVsV) LiTLi c RVsVsj [s
NSLiyLRisVVsLi ]LigS }qs*y sLji\V sLSV
WgjixqsRsVVRV NRPN]NRP R[
LiRVsV.
ssLRisVV:
|msRxmso @Rso[ }qs*RgS sLjiL][RsVVgS
sxLjiLisV c RsVV aRPj
sxtsQRWLRisVVRVLiRV sxLjiLiRVsV.
V @sVXgRisVVsV yLRiVsVVgRi
LiTsV c RsVVNRPWR @sVV\s
dsyNRPsVVNRPV RLRixqsWRsVVNRPV

LigRiRV xqsLjiNRPy. RsyLjiNTP @RVsRV dsss

xqsLixLjiLiRVsV, gRizqsLis[RVVsV.
@xqs c \sLSgRisVV[ kLRi\sV c AyyR
ss[NRP sVV[ xmsRVsNTPs sVsxqssRV
sVRsVV][ Fss][ Wgji sLRiVRV sWRsVV
yss LiTLiRVsV.
BR xqsLixLjiLixmsRVsj RsVV, yss
LiTLiRV RsVV sVsxqsV @s xmssV.
RsVVsNRPV c sVsxqsVsNRPVsV
CxtsQ[RsVVssV c @s lLiLiRVsV
@LiRMNRPLRisVV[s gRisVV[NRPy! (sV[
VRxLiNSLRisVV xqsLixmso[V @LiRM
NRPLRisVV) INRP yxmnsVsVVNSgS c s[L]NRP
R\sV yss LiTLiRV FsV? @sV
xqsLiaRPRVsVVsNRPV @sNSaRPsVVsj. NSsc
""sVs Gs sVsVuyLi c NSLRiLi ssWORPQWM
yRV sxtsQRWxqsNRPLi c sVVZN^PQQQ sLji*xtsQRVLi
sVsM.

sN][ xqsLiryLRiR\sV NRPVLiRVNRPV,

sWORPQsVV[ AsLijLiRVNRPV
lLiLiTLiNTPs sVs}qs= NSLRisVV. @[
LiRsVVsV |msVsV. @[ sVVNTP
sVVsV gRigjiLiRVsV.
sxtsQRVsVVsLiNRP xmsLRiVs LiRsVVsNRPV,
sxtsQRVsVV sVLiT ssVNRPNRPV sVLRi,
sLji*xtsQRV\sV sVVNTPsVVsNRPVsV @j
NSLRisVgRiVRVsj.
sX[RsVV[ Rs[V yxmnsVsVV, @j[V
RsVV @gRiVRVsj.
sxtsQRWsVVsX RsVVsV Vs
[zqs RVsVVsV (xqsLiryLRisVVsV)
|msVRVsj. @xmsos\ssV c
@xqs\sLSgRisVV[ ARssVLRi+[ c
sxtsQRVxmsLSV sXs AsVsxqsVsLiRV
NRPLixmsgRilgiy Vs sVs
sxtsQRWsVVsX sWzqsFsosV,
LiTRsVgRiVsV.

"j*dRW\Q*RVLis' c lLiLiRsRVsRs
RLi sLiRsLRiNRPVsV RVsVV RxmsRV.
RVsVsgS xqsLiryLRisVV. C xqsLiryLRisVV
@RssLij. RWLRiQ\sVs xqsLiryLRisVVsNRPV
slLi[NRP \sVsRgRiV[ @RWLRisVsgS
xmsLRixsVV.
sVsxqsVsV sLji*xtsQRV sVVsLjiLis sVRVRV
"GNRPs[Vyj*dRVLi x' @s sWsVNRPsV
@jL][zLi c LiRsVVNRPVRgRiV[
xqs*RLiRV\ c Dsj yNRP[ @s
@sVssVV][ sxLjiLiRVsV.
ryyLRiVNRPV CNSLRisVV ryRsVV NSRV. Fss][
WgjixmsoLigRisoRV sWRs[Vkss ryjLixmsgRiRV.
@syLjiNRP :c
BsVLiT sVVxmsjsVWRs a][NRPsVV sLRiNRPVsV
ZaP[xtsQ[ c LRiWxmsNRPsVV[ ARsyxqsLixmssVs
\sssVVsV sLjiLiRV RVyLRiV.
xqss xXRRV xqsL][

[dssNRPLRi kNRPLRi xmsxqsLRiM e

GN][ RVsLRixmspuy
sL][xtsQ aRPLRi N][7zms RgRis[ ee 25
yee Rs Vj NTPLRixmsryLRisVV[ xqssV
xXRRsVV sV sNRPzqsR sVVsLRiVRV
RVsLRixqsWLRiVRV yNSaRPsVV sLiRV
@R*RVsVWLjiQ\V sLSV RVLiRVsV. @
sVRVRV @LRiVRVgS LiRVsV.
ssLRisVV:
BLijRVsVVsV @RVxmsos V\ZNP
RVLiRV, sVsxqsVVVNRP sxtsQRWsVV
xmssXs sL][jLixms RVLiRV,
xmsLRisWysVssVVs\ZNP
RRsoN]sVRVLiRV xqss ORPQsVV.
NSsVN][yRVV INRPRVLRisVs RVLiRV
sWRs[V NSRV, @LiRLji RVLiRVsV
(xqssVRVLiRVsV) DRLiVVLiRVsV.
RsRVLiRV DRLiVVLis NSsVN][yRVsV

rygRisRVyRV RVLRisVRV. yss

@LjiNRPRVLiRVyRV xqssVRV. sVsxqsV
VVNRP sxtsQRWsVVxmssXNTP ry*gRiRsVV
xmsVNRPVyRV RVLRisVRV. AxmssXs
sRLixmsRVLiRVyRV xqssVRV.
sVsxqsLixmssVQQ\s WgjisLRiVRV c
xmsLRisWysVssVVs\ZNP RRsoN]sVRVs
xqssVsNRPV sWLRiRLRi+NRPVRgRiVsV.
(RVLRisVsNRPV c CyLiR[V [RVgSs, yRV
|msRgS sWLRiRV).
FsLiRVNRP sxmsV rNTPsLiRs[ *LiRVsV.
xmsNRPsV sxmsV sRVsV sVLissV
F~gRi[VNSs *LSRV.
xqsWLRiNTPLRisVVV rNRPgS xmsRsVV
sNRPzqsLisV Wgji sLRiVs Vj
xmsxqsLjiLisLiRs[ xqssxXRRVsVV
sNRPzqsRsVgRiVsV.
@LiRsLRiNRPV yLji]LRiNRPNRP N]VsVRVRVs
xqssVsNRPV WgjisLRiVs ryLigRiRsVV

@sVgRixsVV sVgRiVV sLRisV

AysVssVVsNRPV sWLRiRLRi+NRP sVgRiVsV.
"yNSaRPsVV' @sgS yNSaRPsVV @sgS xs[V.
xqsLiRRsVV yNSaRPsVVs ][xtsQLRizRV\
(aRPLkilLi[LijRV yyRQsVV [sy\)
A][xms\ZNP RVRbdPV\lLi RVVs sVNRPV
sVgRiVV sLRisV xXRRV sNSxqssVV
[NRPWLRigRi sVRVQ\s
RVsLRixqsWLRiVRV RVLRiVRV.
NRPVsRV sNSxqsNSLRi
sVs y*s N_sVVkxmsM e
aRPV][ sVVdssRsM
xqsVLRi}qss[ xqsN][7zms sxtsvxms[ ee 26
yee NRPVsRVsNSxqsNSLRi\sV c @ssVsV
dNRPs LRi][V N_sVVj (ss) sLi
xmsgRiy\ xmsLjiaRPVRV\s WgjiRLiRVRV

c [s}qssQ\sVs sxtsvxmsRsVVs sLSV

RVyRV.
ssLRisVV:
BLiR NRPVsRV c N_sVVk c sxtsvxmsR
aRPsVVV lLiLi[zqs
@LRisVVRVLiRVxmsWgjiLixmssV.
NRPVsRVsVsgS c NRPVs, WsV, N_sVVj c @sgS,
ss, yNRPLRi aSxqsQsVV. sxtsvxmsRsVsgS c
ANSaRPsVV, xmsLRixsVV.
xmsossV y yNSaRPsVVs sLRisVVgS NSbPLiRV
RLiRLisVV c sssV gRiVLjiLiVVLi
dNRPs LRi][ sV c NRPVssV
sNRPzqsRsVV gSsLisV c
WgjixqsRsVVRV aRPVRV\ (RsNRPLi
s[\lLisys xqsLiLiRsVV N]LisVVsV [sy\)
xmsLRixs[V y\s [LjiVRV c Rs
xms[ (xssVV[) @ssVVsV

syLjiLiRVRV c C xmsoRsV ZNP sNSxqssVVsV

gRigjiLiRV RVyRV.
@ Wgji xqsVFyxmsoRV NSRV.
ry*sysVXR}qs\ZNP LSsLRi
xqsyxms xqssLi aRPsVRVs e
RsVRsX bP][*QsVs
WgjisLRixmnsVsM ee 2`
yee AysLiysVXy}qsRssVV[ c @LiRLRisVV\s
xqsLiyxmssVV s aSLiLixms[RVVRV c
yNSaRPsVVs RV sLRis[VxmnsVsVV
@RLiRsXQ\V sLSV RVsj. Bj
RsVV!
ssLRisVV :
s[VxmnsVsVV yLRisV sL<jiLiRVsV.
xsR*lLi[VQ\s WgjisLRiVRV
AysLiysVXRsVVsV sL<jiLiRVsV.

s[VxmnsVsVV yLS}qsRssVV[
(RRVxmso[) RV yxmssVVs
xLjiLis[RVVsV. WgjisLRiVRV
AysLiRyLS}qsRssVV[ [xms yxmssVVs
(xqsLiryLRisVV ss sLiRV sWszqsNRP yxmssVV)
xLjiLiRVsV.
s[VxmnsVsVV xqsWNSaRPsVVs RLiRsXQ\V
RVVLiRVsV. @sgS sLRiLiRLRisVV
RLiRVRVLiRVsV. RVsLRiVRV
yNSaRPsVVs zqsLRiV\ RVVLiRVsV.
xsR*LRiV\s RVNTPs
s[VxmnsVsVVsNRPVsV N]s RVLiRV
FNRPRVVsj. NSs @j xyxmssVVsV
xLjiLixmsgS c WgjisLRiVRV ALiRLRixqsLiyxmssVVsV
aRPsVLixms [RVVRVyRV. @j RLiRsX NSgS
CRVsLRis[VxmnsVsVV @RLiRsX @gRiV
RsVV.

RVZaP[LRiVRV xmsLRixsVV y\s RVVyss

s ssRVsV sRVsRV! @RRVs][
AysLiy sVXRsVV ssLjiRVVsV.
ryLiryLjiNRPsVV\s yxmssVV[ sLRiLiRLRisVV
RzmsLiRV @LiRLRiLigRisVV AsVRVs
xqssjRVLiRV yxmsLRizR\sV Rs aSLis
@sVsLiRVsV.
xqsVsVsM rLRi sVV
xqsLRi syLjiy aSsM e
xqsLiRVsV yLRiV xqsdsVL][
sxLRiyss xqsLisyLSs[V ee 28
xmsp][[ sxLjiLi sRV[ c xmspyxqss
gRiVLixmsosV sLiVN]s ss sV[xLRi
sWLRiVRsVV c xqsNRPFyV @xqssV
syLjiLisV c
xqsLiRVdsVLiRVRV [s[NRPxmso
xmsLjisVsVVsV sRVRV c ysV

xqsLiRLjiLis][ ssVNRPV ryLiryLjiNRP

yFxmsaSLis ryjLiRVRV c
ysLiRsVRV\sVs xmsLRixsVVs
sxLjiLiRVRVLiRVsV.
ssLRisVV :c
xqsVsVsaRP+sVVsNRPV xmspsoV c [sRV @s
lLiLiRLRisVVV.
xmsp][sVLiT xmspyxqss][ ssgS c
sV[xLRisVVgSsVLiRV[V NSNRP c aRPLkiLRi
yFyxms[RsORPQsV\sV RVVLiRVsV.
"@V[ "@xLizqs' @s sWsVRVLiRV
sRsVV sxLjiLiRV y\s xqsLiRVdsVLiRVRV
NRPRs yVsV, ys sLi [sRV
NRPRsRVLRiV. @RRRVgjiTs ][ s
ryLiryLjiNRP\sVs yxmssVV RLjiFsosV.
@LiRV[ BR xqsLiRVdsVLiRVRV
xqsVsVsr=LRixqsLiRVVR xqsVLiRLRixqsdsVLRisVVgS

[L]sT xqsLRi*sV ryLiryLjiNRP yxmssVVsV

aSLiLixms [RVVyRVgS sLjiLixmssV.
INRP]NRP][NRPV NRPR ssxmsoRV c @RNRPV
ys aRPLkiLRi sVVNRP[V LSRV, ys xqs*s
gRiVRVVNRPWR yss sLiTLi sRVsV.
INRP RVLRisVRV sVsxqsdsVxmssVVsNRPV s
NRPWLRiVLiRgS c sVssVV \|msNTP RVs @aSLis
@sVsLiRVNRPV c ys sLi ys
RVLSssVVsRVVsV sRV[V NSLRisVV ys
xmsss[V sVsRVLiRV @aSLis
lLi[ZNPLiRVsV.
@[ INRP xqssVRV INRP xsRVRsVVRV
NRPR s sxmsoRV c ys xqsyssVV c ys
ARsxqsLixmsR NRPWR yssLi sRVsV
@xmsoRV sVssVV sVsNRPV RVs AsLiR
sVVsV aSLis @sVsLiRVsVV.
@xmsxqsVR\sVssV BR NRPsW !
bPyLSRNRPV\ xLjis [*ztsQLiRVyLRiV,

suy*LSRNRPV\ bPsos [*ztsQLiRV yLRiVsV DyLRiV.

yLRiV sVWLRiVV.
bPsoRsgS ARVs xLRiWxmss[V NSRVgRiy!
@LiRLRiLigRisVV][ gRizqs NRPy bPsxqs*LRiWxmssVV!
bPsos @LiR LRiLigRisVV[ FssLRiVyLRiV?
xLjiRVVyRV! LSsVVRVyRV! "yLSRVzmsRV
sVs sVyxmsLRiLi' yLSRVzmsRVV\s bPsos
@LiRLRiLigRisVVs xLji sLiTRVVyRV.
NSgS FssLRiV bPsoyLSjLiRVRVyL][ c yLRiV xLjis
ALSjLiRVRVsQ[ ! sVLjiRVV c bPsosNRPV
dFyR\sVRVVs xLjis [*ztsQLisxmsoRV
yRV [RVVsj bPyLSRs sVgRiVsV?
B[ xLjiRVVsV @LiRLRiLigRisVVs bPso\
RVVyRV!
"xLRiWxmss[V NSRV. @LiRLRiLigRisVVgRiWR
NRPR sRVsV. yss NRPWR
gRisVsLixmssRVVsV' @s rysWs sxtsQRVsVV
ssLRiV gRiVLjiLixmsL][ c yLjiNTP c C [*xtsQsVVV. @xqsV!

xsR*LRiVRV xqsLiryLRiyxmssVVsV
aRPsVLixms[RVV AysLiR rLRisVVsV
sRVRVLiRVsV.
sZaP[+QRV xqs xqsLRixqsxmns[
sLRi ss xmss sV[[ e
dsR##[V szmssR[
RVbPNRP[ s[NRPM ee 29
yee sLRi\sVs sssVsRV soLSNRPV][ c
sV[xLRi\sVs sWORPQsVsVRV
LRixqssLiR\sVs xmnsxqsLixmsR][ sLSRVVs c
RVLRizR\sVs NSLiyLRisVLiRV c RVsLRi
sVRsVLSsVV ILigS szqsLiRVRVsj.
ssLRisVV :
"j*dRW\Q*RVLis' lLiLiRsj
DsRsVN]ss yVsV, RVsVV xqsLisLiRVsV,
RV sVsgS xqsLiryLRisVV. ysNTP

slLi[NRP\sVsRgRiV[ @RWLRi sVsgS c

xmsLRixsVV.
@R*RV sxqsLixmssVQQ\s WgkiLiRVRV c
@RWLRi sLji\Vs sVR sVRVWLRisVVgS
(ssV) BLiRV LRiWzmsLixmssV.
@LRisVssLiRs[ V ysNTP so c
xmnsxqsLixmsR DLiRsRVVsVgRiy!
BR xmsLRixsVVsV gRiWLjis xmsLjiaRPVR
ss[V soLSNRPVVgS xmssV. sWORPQsVV
xmnssVVgS [L]s sV.
soLRiV sVVLiRVxmso c xmspso c zmsLi c NSRV c
xmsLiRV RLRiVyR GLRiRVsV. @V[ sVVRj
xmsL][ORPQQssVV c RLRiVyj
sVssVV.
""@zqs } [[*R xmsL][ORPQ s s[Vs
R` e
@xLi } [[*R ryOSQyLRi xqs= DR[ ee

cs[ys xmsRbdP.
x sVVsRs RVV sVVR RaRP c
@j xmsL][ORPQQssVV. ys[ AxmsLRixsVs
FsVLigRiV lLiLiRs RaRP. ksNTP ryOSQyLRisVs
}msLRiV.
@LiRV[ BR ARFyzmsQ\ZNPs sssVV
so sVVRsVVgS xmssV.
sWORPQs[VsV LRixqssLiR\sVs xmnssVVgS
zmsyLRiV. [NRPsVV[s xmnssVVRVLiRV c ]NRP
c LiNRP c gjiLi sLis FyLRis[RVRgjis
xmsyLRisVVVsW DLiLiVV. NSs sWORPQxmns
sVjNSRV. BRLiRRVV LRixqss[V. Bj ZNP[s
LRixqs xqs*LRiWxmssVV. BLiRV xmsLjixLjiLixmsRgjisj
[RV. "LRir\sxqsM' @s aRPV. LRixqssVV c AsLiRsVV
c AsLiRs[V xmsLRix xqs*LRiWxmssVV.
@RsRVLi]LigS ssV sLjiLisV c
ZNP[ssLiR LRiWxms\sVs xmsLRixsVVsLiRV
Fss][ gRiaS \Vs RV ZaP[LRiVRV sxLjiLixms
s[LRiVsV; sLjiLixmsgRiVsV.

"bPM NRP[ RVxqs xqsM c bPNRPM' c NRPLihRisVVs

sVxmso gRiyRV, bPsoRV @s
bPNRPLihRiaRPLRisVV. BR RgjiNSLRisVV[
ssV @sV @LRisVVs DxmsWgjiLixmssV.
dsNRPLihRi aRPsVV [y ! @[ BjRVVsV.
sryLRi Vss sVLRiVR
sVVy=RWssryLRi LRixqsxmsplLi[ e
sLRixqsLRizqs s[V7zqss
xmsLRixLixqsM N][7zms ks\|qs#*LRisV ee 30
yee sry=LRi\sVs FsyLjisLi [NRPsVVsV dsT,
AysLiR LRixqsxmsLjixmspLRiQ\sVs
sxqsL][sLRisVVsLiRV }qs*ysLji\V sLSV
xmsLRisVxLixqs sVWLji c FsR[gSs
NRPsVRRV.
ssLRisVV:
FsyLjiRVLiRV FsLiRsWsoV lLi[gji Lis
gRigjiLiRVsV. ys sLiRVN]s RzmsNRP

dLRiVN]ssRVss xmsLRiVsRV[V NSs @s

@LiRso, @LiRV sVVsW [RV. CxmsLRiVsoss
RzmsNRP sVLjiLiR |msLRiVgRiVsV.
CxqsLiryLRisVV[s xqsVsVj. @sgS
FsLiRsWsosV gSLi sVs Li][ c Bjg][
sVV! BNRP yVgRiRVgRiVV! @sVRV xmsLRiVs
sV[ c
xqsLiryLRisVVs gRiWR lLi[xmsoxqsVLiRVsVV, C INRP
xqsLi.LRisVV gRiRy R[RV c ByjgS
xqsVsVVsV sxtsQRV[ sLiRVRV
RVNRPLiRRVV gRiRxmso[VNSs @LiRVN]s
xqsVsVV[RV; @sVsLis LiVV[RV,
DLiRRV. xqsLiryLRisVV [s xqsVsVj.
Fss][ FyRV sWRs[V FsyLjiRVLiRV s c Bs
FsLiRsWsoV, Bj sVVNSRV, dss\ZNP
xmsLRiVsRV sLRisVV c @s gRizLi,
xmsLRiVsRV sWs ssVjLjigjisV c
Fss][s sxtsQRVxqsVsVVsVLiT sLRiRV\ @sgS
sxtsQRV xmsLSVV\ c

AysLiRLRixqsxmsLjixmspLRiQ\sVs s
xqsL][sLRisVVs sxLjiLixmss[LRiVsV.
BR "xmsLRixLixqs' @sV aRPsVV c "LSxLixqs c
WgkiLiRVRV' @sV @LRisVV
RVLiRVxmsWgjiLixmssV.
AysVssVVs c ssVNRPNRPV sRRV[V
xmsoL][gRisVssVV.
"sWLiRWNRPsVV' @s INRP DxmssxtsQRV.
sVLiRWNRPsVsgS NRPxms. sWLiRWNRPsVsgS
NRPxmsNRPV xqsLiLijLisRs rysWyLRisVV.
A aRPsVVsV gRiWLji INRP WgjisLRiVRV BV
|mssV.
sWLiRWNRPsVV @sgS NRPxmssRNRP. NRPxms
sVVLiRVNRPV RWNRPsLisxmsoRV ssVNRP
NSQ\|ms [ sRVsV. RLRiVyR RWNRPVsV.
@j sVVLiRVNRPV FRLi RsssVNRP
NRPRVRVsj. @[ AysVssVVNRPWR
ssVNRPNRPVsRNRP.

sxtsQRVsVVsVLiT BLijRVsVVNRPV c yssVLiT

sVsxqsV sNRPV cB ssVNRP ssVNRPNRPV [so[V
BR xmsoL][gRisVssVV.
ARFyzmsQ\ZNPs sxtsQ xqsLixqsR
sLijRVRVsRgRiV[ c ARFyzms
ssVNRPNRPV sRRVss sWRsVV
LiRVsj RVgRiV[ Bj "sWLiRWNRPsVV'.
A @LRisVV FydsVV zmssjNSRV. NSs c
BjRVVsV xqssVLixqssVVgRis[ ][RVRVsj.
NSgS sxtsQRVxqsVsVVV FsLiRsWso[s sVVs
gRizLi yssLiNRP xmsLRiVsosV sLRisVLiRV c
sLRisVLi ssVjLRiVgRiV c ssVjLjigji
ARsVV[ AsLijLiRV c @sVsj
sVssVVs\ZNPs NRPsVsVV.
C NRPsVsVVsV @sVxqsLjiLi AsLiRxqsL][sLRisVVs
sxLjiLixmsgRi xmsLRisVxLixqs FsR[ LiRVsV.
sgRisV xmss[
sgRisV bPLRixqssQ bdPR[ys[ e

sVRVLRiRLRi sVVyRM
NRPWyQ}qs RVdsNRPNRPM ee 31
yee INRP Rs DyssVV, @j @LiRsV so
]Tgji RVVsj. @ sssVVsV [Ljis N][LiVV c
sVRVLRi sVLi NRPVxNRPVx yRsVVsV
RLjiLisV c
ssRaSxqsQsVV[ DxmsXLizR\sVs
DxmssxtsQRLiR sVVsV
ry*RVRsVVsLjiLiRVN]ss WgjixqsRsVVRV
sVRVsVRVxtsQV\ sLjiVsV.
ssLRisVV :
sgRisVbPLRixqsV=sgS DxmssxtsQRVV. @s @R*RV
sVssVVsV [jLiRV sxtsQRVxqsLixmsR][
sLSVRVss. @LiR sxtsQRVsVV xqsLiryLRi
yxmssVVsV DxmsaRPsVLixms [RVVsj. @LiRV[
@j bdPR[yssVVgS LRiWzmsLixms sV.
so VNRPV xmsoztsQs @LiRsVVsV
|msLiRVsV; @[ ssR aSxqsQxmsLjissVV[

DxmssxtsQRLRisVV szqsRsVgRiVsV. @ gRiV[

aSxqsQssVV xmssxqssVVyRVsVVgS
LRiWzmsLixmssV.
N][NTP yNRPV sVRVLRisVV.
DxmssxtsQRLiyLRiWRV\s RVZaP[LRiVs
yNRPV sVRVsVRVsVV. @LiRV[
RVxqsRsVVRV BLiRV NRPNRPLihRisVVgS
LRiWzmsLixmssV.
RVxqsRsVVRV |msRs szmss yVsV,
sVssVVsV gRiWLji xmsxqsLigjiLiRVsV,
@RTRLRisVV sWRRV.
xsRsV gRiWLjis xmsxqsLigRisVVNRPLi
sVRVLRi\sVsj [RV.
[NRPsVV[ Fs[ sLiR sLiR gSRV DLiRsRVsV.
@s[sRVVsV xsy xmsxqsLigRisVVs
sVRVLRisVVV NSso. @ssRVVsV xmsLRiVgSRV.
xsRW! @j AR NRPR! RsNRPR!
sVsNRPR!

ANTPLis VsV, AaRPLRisVVsV gRigjiLiRV gSR!

dssVTs VsV, sxmsLkiR\sVs
xqsLiryLRiyxmssVVs DxmsaRPsVLixms[RVVgSR e
soTs VsV, RsVVsV ry*RVR
sVVsLjiLiRV NRPR!
a][R NRPVxLRisVV s VsV,
@ssVLRisVV sLiRLjiLixms[zqs, ARxqsWLRiVs
ryOSQRLjiLixms[RVV NRPR!
@LiRV[ DxmssxtsQRLiyLRiWRV\
RVZaP[LRiVs yNRPVV xmsLRisVsVRVLRisVV s
VxmssV.
(BR "sVVyRM' @s][ c ANSLSsyy aRPsVV
DxmsWgjiLixmsT xmsoLisyssVV [RVsV.
Bj RNSLSs yNRPsVV NSRV).
yLjiR sWxsV[[
RWLkiNRPXR xqsNRPRVLjiRaSLRiWM e
sV][ RsVzqsLixsL][

sxLRiyss sRR NSylLi[ ee 32

yee xqsVsaS\sVs AsLiR NSLiyLRisVVs c @ssVs
sVRgRisVVsV sVV s c FyxmssVsRV
Vs xmsLiVVR sVVsLjiLi, s zqsLixsVV
ry[s\ sxLjiLiRVRVsj.
ssLRisVV:c
"gRiRV sVRRVs, x xqsRsVs' c FsssNTP
sLRiQ*LiR*sVVgRi sxqs=LiaRPRVsVV zqss[,
RVV[V NSRV, @sVssVVsNRPV @Li[ c
@RRV s.
NSs c yNSLiNSLRi c aSryQRV xmsLjiRRV sVLiR
RVVssV c gRisyR*sVVsV sLixmssyRV,
x xqsRR ssVsLixmssyRV, ""[
\|s yxmsLRiM'' c @s xsVVy\s
xmsNSbPLixmssyRV s @sRRV.
B ssVV c xssVV FsssRVLiRV
DRLiVVLi[ @RRV zqsLixsVV sLiyRV.

zqsLixsVV GsVgRiVsV c @LiRsVV

NRP\ssV d LiT xqsLixLjiLisV c
s\Vs WgjisLRiVRV c AR
RVLiRyRVjs, @yRRVLi yRVjs
gRiLiRVRV cLRiNSsVV sVLiTRVV
xmsTRVVs @ssVVsV xqsLixLjiLiRVsV.
sVLjiRVV zqsLixsVV Vs FyLRi][sV c
s\Vs RV ZaP[LRiVRV FyxmssVVsV xmsLiVVR
sVVsLjiLiRVsV.
aRPLkilLi[LijRV yyRQsVV FyxmssVV.Fyxmss[V NSRV,
xqsNRP FyxmssVVNRPVsV sVWNRPLiRsVV. @
FyxmssVV s RVLiRVLiRRV.
@LiRV[ s\Vs WgjizqsLixsVV c @s
gRisyLji\V xmsLiVVR FyxmsaSLRiW\sV
AsLiRNSLiyLRisVVsLiRssLRiRsVV
sxLjiLiRVRVLiRVss sLjiLixmssV.
@s sVXgRisL][R
s[RV aRPXbPLjiR[ e

sV xqsbdPR[
RVsLRiNRP[ sLS[ sxLRis ee 33
yee @ssVsRV sVXgRiLS[ sRVsTs c
ss sVsRV xqssVVsR \ZaPbPLRisVLiRV c
xmssVVs bdPR\sVs @LigRisVVVgRi c
RVsLRi sV[ sVVLiRV
sxLjiLiRVRVsj.
ssLRisVV :c
@s sVLiRsLRiNRPV sRVVLiRV[ c
@LiRsLRiNRPVsV c ARsVVs NRPVxmsNRPLjiLiRV
ss sVLiR FsNRPVsgS sVssV
xqsVsVVdsRVRV.
zqsLixsVV szqsLiRV N]LiRN]sVV FsLiR
FsRVgSsVssV @j sLSxmsRsVVNSRV, @RV
ryssVV NSRV. @V[ @xqs \sLSgRisVV[
@ssVVsV ([RLis) syLjiLiRV
N]ssyRV c ZNP[s\sVs s[yLiR gRiLiRsssVV

sLiR |msLiRVN]sssV c @j xqsLiryLRiLiRsVVsV

syLjiLixms RV.
@V ZNP[s s[yLiRsss[V xqsLiryLRiRV
syLRiNRP \sVs][ c s[yLiRgRiLiR LRiRLiVVRV,
DxmssxtsQRVxmsyxqsNRPVV c @LiRLRiVsV
ssVQQNTPs ryjLis sVxmsoLRiVxtsv
N][[sZNP[ [LjiRVVLiRVLRiV.
@xqs\sLSgRisVV[ @ssVV xmspLjigS ]gji
FLiVVsyRV sWRs[V c ARFyzmsQ\ZNPs
sssVV @RV ryssVgRiVsV.
@xmsoRj zqsLixsVVdsTs xqssVVsR
\ZaPbPLRisVVsLij.
sLRiR xmspLRisVVsLi RsgSxssVV
aRPLkiLRiyxmssVV s xLjiLisV c AR
syxqsLixmssQQ\sVs Vj xqsLiryLRi yxmssVV
sVxmsaRPsVLixms[RVVsV.
INRP gRiVs GsVgRiV zqsLixsVVdsTs xqssVVsR
\ZaPbPLRi sVVsc sLRixmspLRisVVs

ssVgRisVgRiVRVc aRPLkiLRi yxmssVVs

syLjiLiRVN]sVRVc}qs*RgS sLRiRVsVVgRi
sxLjiLisVc
Fss][ RVsLRiVRV sWRs[V c
@xqs\sLSgRisVV[ @ssVV syLjiRsVVNSgS c
ARsVV RsLiRV sssVV][ sLiTs
VjRVLiRV RLjiLiRVRV (ARsyLRi
rygjiLiRVRV) xqs*RLiRV\ (LiRsVVcRVsVV
[sy\) sxLjiLixmss[LRiVsV.)
BR @s zqsLixsVVNRPV c
ss\ZaPsVVNRPVcRV
NRPsVVNRPVc@[RLRiWxmsNRPsVV [zqs
$xqsybPs[LiRVV C sVLRisVVsV ssLjiLi
RVVyLRiV.
ZNP[s s[yLiRsssVV xmsWsNSLji NSRV c
[RLis ]gjiLiRVN]ssRVVsVc @s
yRLRisVV. @V NSsyRV c C Li
zqsLixsVVs gRiLjiLixmsgS c NRPWRs

DxmssxtsQj*s sVLiR FsNRPQ\ssV

xmsRVssVV RgjiLiRVsV.
yry szyO][Q
ysWj[ syLjiR ry*sM e
Rds R[xtsv RRQ*Li
yRVyQ}qs RVM N][7zmsee 34
y yrygRisVVs NRPLi RWxmsosV szms c ysV
LRiWFyjNRPsVVsVLiT sVsxqsVsV sVLRi c
skdLRisVVRVLis][ WgjixmsoLigRisoRV c
RRQ*LiRsxmsLRiV\ RVVLiRs[LRiVsV.
ssLRisVV:c
sVsxqsVsV sxtsQRVsVVsVLiT ssVNRPNRPV
sVLRi GNSgRi sVVsLjiLiRV\ZNPs ryRssVV[ c
WsVRRXztsQ xmsaRPxqs \sVsj.
Bj[V yrygRi RXztsQ RVsRVsV. yry @sgS
yzqsNRP, sVVNRPV. ysVVNRP @gRisVV @sgS @j
ALRiLisVgRiV][V WsVRsVV. N]LiRLRiV

@VgSNRP yzqsNRPVVNRP N]ss[ yrygRisVVgS

sLiRVLRiV. "yrylgi[ sssNTPNRPLi'c @jRVVsV
RVVNRPs[V:! lLiLiRVsV xqssWsxmnsRsVVs[
NRPgjiLiRVsV. lLiLiTLi @xqssVVss
xmsRsVRaRP[ WsVR sVVsLi ]NRP
xqsLiRsVV (@RLRiV) @sVssVVsNRPV sRVsV.
@xqsV CRXxtsvV c @sWRXztsQ c xmspLjisWRXztsQ
xmsxmsRQXztsQ c @s sVWRV LRiNRPsVVVgS
xmsVRVLRiV. @sWRXztsQ RVsgS NRPsVV
sVWzqsN]s yrygRisVVsV c WsVR sVVsV
sLiRV c ysLiRV c NRPsVsVLRiRVVLi
@[ xmsss rygjiLiRV c xmspLji sWRXztsQ. NRPsV
sLRisWRVVgS sVLi c yrygRisVV\|ms RWxmso
sVxmso xmsxmsRQXztsQ.
BV N]LisVV [RsVV][ sVs C
RXxtsvRVLiRV [s szqsLissV c
WsVRsVVsLiR "FyRVs' @sV gRiLij
\RssLiRsVgRiVsV. @j \Rs
sLiR\sVsLiRs[ ryRNRPVRV Rs\s
sWszqsNRP yFyLRisVV][ yyRQsVVsV g][[sosV.

@sgS sWszqsNRP RssVV VLiRVsV gSs ys][

GNUPsLiRV LRiVgRiRV. GNUPsLiRV [RV
gSs sVsxqsV=VVNRP yFyLRisVVNRPWR yyxmso xmsT
FsosV.
BRLRiV gRiry*sVVV NRPzqs INRP yFyLRisVVsV
ALRiLiLi rygjiLiRVRVLiTLji. @LiRV INRPs
|msVT y FsNRPVs. lLiLiRsys |msVT
ysVsWRsVV. BVLiRgS FsNRPVs
|msVT|mss gRiry*sV c yssVLiT
Rsr~RV][ sTFLiVVyRV. @xmsoyRNRPVs
|msVT yRV ILigS yFyLRisVV s[sVsRxmsosV.
ysNTP |msVT[RV, sVV[RV. ysNTP
NSV}qsRVRso. @RRV yFyLRisVV rygjiLixms[RV,
lLiy[ ys yFyLRisVV sVWRxmsRVsV. sVLRi
N]j |msVT][ BLiN]NRP ALRiLiLiRVsV.
@jRVVsV BV[RVgRiVsV.
xqsLjigS B[ syssVV sWszqsNRPsX][ c
yFyLRisVV][ GNUPsLiRs yRV c yyRQsVVsV
sT|mssyRVc sVsxqsVVVNRP sX

dsLRizqsLiFsosV. sVsxqsV bPj\sV RjNTP

RVsV.
WsVRRXztsQs @zqsLis
DRsVryRNRPVRV Rs sWszqsNRP\sVs
xqsLRi*yFyLRisVVsNRPV ryOTPQgS (RWRVyRVgS)
DLiTFsosV.
ks][ ARsNTP ysV aRPLkilLi[LijRWRVNRPLi
s[\lLis yRssj @sVssVVsNRPV @LiR
yLRiLiLiRVsV, @j NRPsVsVVgS
sXjLiRVsV. @sVssVVsNRPV
xmsLjixmspLRiRzqsjLiRVsV.
B]NRP @RVR\sVs ryRssVV. DsxtsQRLRisVVsV,
s[yLiRsssVVsV RNRPgS VjRVLiRV
xmsjxmsLRiRVN]sc CryRssVVsV @xqssVV[
sVLis, [sWsVV][ xqsLiR s[VLRiRVsV.
"R RVVsj. RRVyRV. R sVLi
ANRP][ sVyRV. R RNTP
NRPRVxmsosLixmso\ZNP RsL]sVV ys [
sj. yRV AgS FyV gRiVRVRVN]sV

RVyRV. BLiR[ RNTP s[lLi[ xmss gRiVLRiVNRPV

sc RsL]sVVsV R[sVLiT sNTPkRV
RVLisj. yRV R L]sVVsV sRRV'c C
sxtsQRVsVV @LiRLRiVsV FsLjiLigjis[.
WRRXztsQ xqsLjigS BV[ DLiRVsV.
ryRNRPVRV Rs @syssVVsV WsVRsVVs
sVxmsoRV @xqssVV[RVgS "FyRVs' @sT
gRiLij \RssLiR\sV ryRNRPVs RXztsQs
VN]sVsV. N]LiR xmsRVLis dsVR NSs
ryRNRPVRV @sVLiT RsRXztsQ
sWLRiVN]sszqs sRVsV. FsxmsoT zqs
xqsLisLi[ @xmsoRV ryRNRPVRV RsNRPV
xqsLji\Vs ZNP[LiRsVV LisRsRVV, gRiLij
(RgjiNRPxtsQ[ WsVRRNRPsVVc
ARNRPsVV) \RssLiR\sVsRs
saRPLiVVLiRVN]ssRVsV.
CRXztsQ[ WsVRZNP[LiRsVV
\RssLiR\sVs dsVR gRiWR @xqssVV
rygjiLixmsgS c INRP RR c INRP sVVxmsoks c
WsVRsVVsVLiT xqsxryLRisVVsNRPV

(sWRV xmsV c [NRP c sVVgRiVLi)

xmsLRiVsFsosV ryRNRPVRV NRPsVV
sVWzqsN]sRVVLiTRVV RLji+LiRVsVc
@sVsLiRVsV, ys][ ysNTP [sWsVV][
xqsLiLiR s[VLRiRVsV. ysV RRVso N]s
s[yLiR aSryQLRisVV RWyLRiQsVV
@sVssVVsNRPV sRVsV.
C zqsNTP [LRiVN]sysNTP BjVVNRP sxqsssVVgS
sWLjiFsosV. GNSLiRsVVs gRiWLRiVLiT c
WsVRsVVs (yryLiRsVVs) RXztsQ szms
aRPLkilLi[LijRVsVV][T yyRQsVVsV
RVg] ARsxtsv\ RVVLiRVZNP[ ARRV
RVLiRVsV. aRPLkilLi[LijRVsVV][T
yyRQsVV dsTFsoc INRP @RVR\sVs
RXzmss c xqsVsVVsV c AsLiRsVVsV c LiVVs
sLixms[RVVsV. @j yss @R
gRis[RVVsV.1
________________________________________
1. kss gRiWLji FsLiR ssLjiLissV RV. Bj
bPss[RsVV Bj RXdRVs[RsVV!

ryRs[zqs kss ry*kssVVsLRiVN]sV

xqsLRi*zqsjNRPLRisVV! BsVVRxmns[gRisLSgji\V
xqsRVLRiVso yaRPLiVVLisyRV ks
@xqssVVsNRPV @L>RiVRV.
ysVsVVcLRiWxmssVV lLiLiRVsV @xqsRsVV[!
"NRPVLiRc sVWNRPVRVcscRcyNRPcsVVLiR'
BV sVXRVFyR ysVcLRiWxms [RsVV
sRVVssV @s xqsRsVVV NSso.
sVXRVcsVXNRPc@sgS sVsV. @j xmnsV
aRPLSyRVV LRiWxmsoyVNRPV xmspLRi*sVVsj.
xmnsVaRPLSyRV VgS sVsxmsoRVsV Dsj. @s
sR*xqssVV \sxmsoRVsV Dsj.
xmnsV aRPLSyj ysVLRiWxmssVV[! @s sVR[
N]LiRNSsVV sWRsVV sVXNRPRVLiRV
NRPRsVV gRiV RVss, @LiRV[ @s
@xqsRsVVV. "sVXZNP[[s xqsRsV' @s
aRPV.
@[ xsVVNRP[V xqsRsVV,
sWRWsxqssVVgS ysVLRiWFyRNRP\sVs CgRisVV

ysRVLiRVc AxmsLRi xsVVsLiRV

RsVVRVsj, @RgRiVRVsj. C gRiRV
xqsXztsQNTP xmspLRi*sVV [RV c
xmsRWsLiRLRisVV sVsRV.
NSgSysVLRiWFyRNRP\sVs gRisVV xqsRsVV NSRV.
xxmsyLRisW @j NSRsVV. Wgji
xmsoLigRisoRV ysV LRiWFyRNRP\sVs gRiRVs
LRisVLixmsRV. GNSLiR skdLRisVV RsNTP
sRsLRiWsVVV. @R AsVRVRV
RRQ* LiRsxmsLRiV\ RVVLiRVsV.
skdLRisVVV @sgS gRiLigS, g][ysLji,
NRPXuyNSs[LRiVV sWRs[V NSRV. Wgji
RszmsLiyLiRsVV sLiRcsRV
dLRisVVsLi sxLjiLiRVsV.
yryLRiLiRsVVV lLiLiRVsV BR zmsLigRi @sV
yRV sVVsVVV, FsRsV LRiLiRsVV
BysVVsVV. NRPVT LRiLiRsVV zmsLigRisVVsVV,
aSxqsNTPRVNRPV ryRssVV\s CyRVV
ssVxmspxqsNRPV BLRiV\sxmso sVWyLRisVVsLRiNRPV

rygjiss. dssNTP sRVsV ssVVVNRP

[xmsgRisVVs xqsVxtsQsV @sV yT RVVsj.
BRNRPV gRiLigRiRVsczmsLigRiNRPV RVsVVs RVs
xqsVxtsvsVNRPV xqsLRixqs*RVs}msLRiV. "By
gkiLRikFNS zmsLigRi RVsVVysk.'
WgjiRLiRVRV ByzmsLigRi ryRVsVV][
xqsVxtsvsWy*LRisVVsV LRi c @sVs
NRPVLiRs gRiXRsV[zqs c yssLi
WsVRsVVsNRPV s @R Rs
@syssVVsV sVxmsosV.
BsLji RWRRV RRQ*LiRsxmsLRiV\ c
[}Lij RWRVsVLiT Rsxqs*LRiWxmssVVsV
ss[LiRVsV. s[LRiV [RVVsV.
RRQ*sVV @sgS RVyLRisVV. gRiRV DsV
][RVRVsj. NSs c RRQ*RXztsQ][ RgS sj
sVR[V! xsVVNRP[V xqsRsVV.
RVsLRiVRV yryLiR szyORPV\ c
RRQ*sVVsV c RVyLRisVVsV c xqsRsVVsV
@sVsLiRVsV.

B sVxdsRVVRV xmsLRisVRVLRiVRV.
AaSsxqs[ sds
\sLSaSQXRM aSsM e
NRPLRiROSQFyRM
RLRiVR sW sVVsLRiRV ee 35
yee jgRiLiLRiV\ c |msRs szms xmsVNRPsy\ c
N][LjiNRP ss [NRPFso[ WztsQRV\ c
aSLiRV\ c Rs @LRi[LiVV[V OSQFyRsVVgS c
sXORPQsVWs[V AyxqssVVgS @LigkiNRPLjiLis
sVVdsLiRV U xqsLiryLRisVVsV LiVVLiRVRVyRV.
ssLRisVV:c
sxqsQsVV aRPLkiLSsLRiNRPsVV. aRPLkiLRisVVsV
RVVLiRVsV. xqsLiryLRiLiR
sVLiRVNRPRVVsV [NRP c xdsV\s ysNTP
aRPLkiLRisVV][ xqsLiR sVVLiRRV. @LiRV[ ys
NSRRV sryQj LRiORPQNSsLRisVVsV
FssRVsV NRPLixmsRV, @ WgjiVVNRP

aRPLkiLRisVVsNRPV jNRPV[ @sLRiNRPsVVgRiVsV.

@LiRV[ Wgji AaSsxqssVRV c jgRiLiLRiVRV.
AaRPRVsgS c jNRPV, N][LjiNRP @s lLiLiRLRisVVV
sLSaRPVRV @sgS c N][LjiNRPV [syRV.
@ysRLRisVV \sLSaRPsVsRVsV.
sVQQ\ sLjiLiRV WgjiNTP N][lLiVLiRso.
@RRV sLkixRV. @j[V ARsNTP @LiNSLRisVV.
INRPRV xqsLiyQQzqs\VRVVLiT Bj
NSscsjNSs c AaRPsVsVVNSs c NSLRiVNSs
c xqssWssVVNSs ss][ y[sV Wgji! y[sV
xqsLiyzqs! ysNRPLi sxtsQRV LixmsV\s
gRiXxxqsV s[VV.
sLkix\s Wgji aSLiRV\ RVVLiRVsV
N][LjiNRPVsxmsVRV @aSLi RxmsRV. ysV
N][Ljisyss ryjLiRV\ZNPs RVRsVVs @aSLi,
ARVRsVVs ALiNRPsVVV NRPs @aSLi!
FsV[ yLiyLRisVV zqsjLissV ys

LRiORPQRVLiRaSLi! BV N][LjiNRPss @aSLiNTP

sWLRiV }msLRiV.
[}LijRV yyRQsVVs][ N][LjiNRPV
]gRiso. @j[s][ sVsso.
NSgS WgjixmsoLigRiso ]NRPRV sWRs[V aSLiRVRV
@sRgjisyRV!
@yRV ysV RsVRVN]sV\ZNP INRP
rysWsQ\sVs FyR\ss yLiLixmsRV. ANRP
DRLiVVLisxmsoRV, RsVLiR ysVVgS G\sVs
sVNRPV s][ c Rs @LRi[s[ OSQ
FyRsVVgS DxmsWgjiLiRVsV. s\sVs WgjiVVNRP
yLiy LSzRsVV BLiR xmsLSNSxtsQNRPV [Lji
RVVLiRVsV.
@sRWR\VsWgkiLiRVRV RsN]NRP AyxqssVV
NSsssc rNRPLRisVV][ RsN]NRP
AaRPsVsVVLiRsss FssRVsV yLiLixmsRV. G
V sVVR[ xmsTRVVLiRVsV.
LSFyryR\sVssV c sXORPQsVW \sVssVARsNTP
xqssWssVV[!

ds\sLSgRi xqsLixmssVQQ\s WgjisWRs[V

BV sLjiLixmsgRiRV. @RRV sWRs[V
xqsLiryLRisVVsV lgiVsgRiRV.
ss skNRPV gRiX}
sVV xmso\sNRP sVVRLRiR[ e
ZaP[[ N][7zms RVdsM
xqssVLRixqs xqsV[R sxqsV sxqssM ee 36
yee xqssVLRixqs\sVcysLiR xqs*LRiWxms\sV RVVs
sxqsVso sLiRV sRgRiLRiWNRPV\s
WgjisWRs[V c sLRis\sVs sk
dLRisVVsLiR FRLjiLis[ BVgS [N]s,
sV[xLRi\sVs BxqsVNRPss[ sVRs aRPRVgS
\lgiN]s c xqsVsVV sjLixms s[LRiVsV.
ssLRisVV:c
xmsNSLSLiRLRisVV[ sLiRV gRiWR
"ds\sLSgRisVV [Rs[ sVs sVs'
Dxms[bPLixmssV.

xmsLRixs[V yss @sVssVVs

sVVsgjisyRV ssVRsVVsLiRVLiRg][LRiRV.
GNSLiR skdLRi yxqssVV ssVN]sVsV. A sRVV
NRPsVVV NSsRVsV. zmsLiyLiRgRiRsVV \s
By c zmsLigRi c xqsVxtsvsWj yULRiWxmssVVs sVs
gRiLigS, RVsVVy xqsLRixqs*RVVsV gSsRVsV.
lLiLiRVsV NSsRVsV.
WgjiVVNRP xqsWaRPLkiLRisVV c
LiRgRiRsVV\|mss skdLRisVV
syxqssVVsLiRVsV c AysVVV\s ARs
@LiRLRiLigRisVV c syLRiQsVV[ By zmsLigRi
xqsxNSLRisVV][ gRiXR\Vs NRPVLiRs][
GNUPsLi c xqsVxtsvsW xmsRsVVs sxLjiLiRVRV
c xqsd c sLki c xqssWRVsV @sVsLiRV
RVLiRVsV sXRsVV\ RVVLiRVsV.
Ask dLRisVVsLi ysVRVRV c sVRs
aRPRVdsVR s[VsV ysVV c G
BxqsVNRPsdsVR[ IRLRiVLigRiNRP
(xqssWjsxtsv\) xmsTRVVLiRVsV.

rysWssVV aRPLkiLRisxtsvV WgjixmsoLigRisoRV

ARsxtsvRV @LiRV[ rysWsssVVsNRPV
s[VsV yVNRPV sVLiRsVVV c xmsLRiVxmsoV c
sVRV NSsRVVsV. xsy sVzRV\s
Wgji, aRPLkiLRisVV][ [aRPsVVsV yyRQsVVsV
@sVsLixmsNRP c sRxqssVLRixqs\sVs (|RV
RgRiV sRVsV [s) ysLiR
xqs*LRiWxms\sVs xmsLRixsVVsLiRV
sRgRiLRiWNRPV\ RVVLiRVsV. @RsNTP C
sVR][ c xmsLRiVxmso][ s[RV.
"sjLiRVsV c xmsLRixsVVs gRiLRiWNRPV\
RVVLiRVsV c @s xmsV xmsLRixqsLRi
sLRiVRsVVgS ][RVsV.
sRRVLiRVc xqssWjRVLiRV gRiWR c
BLijRVsXRVV c sWszqsNRP yFyLRisVV
ssVNRPNRPV @RVgRiV|msVsV.
sRRVLiysXRVV @ssVVs
sdssVVgRiVsV xqssWjRVLiRV ssVVs
[LRiVN]sVsV.

sjLiRVRV s[Vs RVVLiRV [y c s[Vs

RVVLiT sjLiRV xqssWj. @LiRV[ BR
sL][RsVV [RV. WgjixmsoLigRisoRV
gRij*xtsQRVsVVs sjRVRV c
ARsxtsQRVsVVs gRiXRVRV.
rysWs[NRPsVV gRi`, xqs*xms, sysxqs
sVLigRiVsV. ys\s "xqssWj' @sV @sxqs
Wgji\sNRP s[RsVV. @LiRV[ "sRVLjiLiRVRV
sVVNRPsgSsVLiRV' @s sLiRs[
rysWs[NRPsVVsNRPV sLiRgS sLRiVRsVVgS
][RVsV.
LRiRLSxqssVV[ c ds\sLSgRi
xqsLixmsX[sWRs[V C RVLkiRWsxqs c
xqssWj @sVssVVsNRPV sRVsV.
WR sVXRVRLRi aRPRVM
bdPRy\NRP ysVLRiM aSsM e
LSNS zsVNRPLRikF
LS RVLSZaP[LRiM N][7zms ee 37

yee RVZaP[LRiV\s WgjixmsoLigRisosNRPV

s[[V sVRs |qs. Rs @LiR ysVgS
NRPRsRV RgS[V sLisVLRisVV.
xmsossVRLiRV[ kxmssVV! BV xmsNRPX
zqsRsVV\s ysNRPLi s[LRiVgS Rs\ZNP
GsVRVVsV yLixmss ARsxtsvRV c
xdsVRV @LiVVs Wgji xqsVRVLRiVRV.
ssLRisVV :c
xmsLiRWRsVVV xqsWLRiRLiyRVV
gRiysVs xqsXztsQ. gRiXx c gSsV c sgRiLSRVV,
AxqsssVVV; aRPRVV, ALRisVVV c
RVNRPWsVVV c LRiyjNRPsVVV C xqsLRi*sVV
sWssoRV Rs[}LijRV rsVVs\ZNP
gRisR=QXztsQ[s sxqsVRs ssWgjiLi.
RVLi sLjiLiRVN]ss CsLSsVV ssVNRP
sWssos xqsLiryLRi LixmsR*sVVsj. @V NSs
yRV dss sLSsVV LRiVgRiRV.
sxtsQRVyLiR[ [s][c "aRPRVsLiRVNRPV
sVRs xLixqsRWNSRsVVVc RgS

ssVsLiRVNRPV sLisVLRisVVVc LSs[

NRPs ]gjiLi sVgRiVsV sLRisVVNRPV
NSLisVLiRsVV\s kxms ZaP[xtsQsVVV
NSsss N][LRiNRP FsVVRLiVVLiRVsV? Bs[
NSRV, B\ss yLiR[sRVVsV @sRWR\Vs
WgkiLiRVsRVLiRV RVRso,
ssVNRPVQ\s sVxmsoLRiVxtsvRV c [NRPsVVs
sRRWRV RVssVc ysNTPs [NRPsVVsNRPVsV
FsLi][ @LiRLRi sVVLiRVsV. [NRPsVV
aRPLkiLRiRsVV. @RRV ARsxtsvRV!
@RRV RVRXy xqsLiRXxmsoRV!
sRxqsLiRVxtsvRV!
sxmso bPR xmnsZNP[
ssV xqsLjiy*Lji xmsLjisX][ylLi[ e
sVsLi sVRVxmsss[
y xqs*zms N][7zms RVLSM ee 38

yee sVRV sWLRiVRsVV dsRVRVLiRgS c

[ds][ sLiT NRPRVRVs sjsRVsV
NSNRP saS\sVs bP RsVV\|ms c Fss][
RVZaP[LRiVRV sjLixms s[LRiVsV.
ssLRisVV:c
"[ds][ sLiTs sj c sjsRVsV NRP
RRV\ss |msRLiVV c sVLiRsWLRiVRsVV' Bs
ALS\|ms s[VsVys ss [ sVsLji\ZNPssV
sLixms[RVVsV.
NSs ys\|ms xdsV\s sVxmsoLRiVxtsvRV
FsLiR sbPLiRgS aRPRVsLiRV[ c @LiR sbPLiRgS
xqsLiryLRiRVV aRPRVsLixms LRiV.
ARxqs*LRiWxmssVV FsLRiVNRPNRPV @LiRs yRV c
@LiR sV[ xLRi [aRPsVVsV [LjiNRPWR c
ryLiryLjiNRP yxmssVVs[ @sVsLiRVsV.
""JLiVW! dsso C[NRPsVVs xqsVsVVsRV
sxqsVsosV xqssVNRPWLRiVN]sV\ZNP FsLiR
RVLissV c Fsss xqssVNRPWLRiVN]sssV

ARsxqsLixmssR [NRPVs xqsVLixmsso.

RNRPs xqsVsVVsLijLiRV sxqsVso
sRVsVNRPWR RzmsLiRVRVs[ RVVLiRVso;
ZNP[aRPsVVs[ @sVsLiRV RVLiRVso.
ARs xqsLixmssVR \sy, xqsVsVVsV
xqssVNRPWLRiVsxqsVso[ NSsss[RV. FsR
sVssV xqsVsVVsNRPV AsLiR sVVsNRPV s
RVVLiRRV. dssosysLiRsVRVVRso.
xqsLiryLRisVVsVLiT sLRiNRPVR\s A][xms\ZNP
RVLixmsosVV. sysLiRsVRVVR\s sLSVsVV
c @s Dxms[aRPsVV.
AsLRi s[VNRPLi NTP`
ssR sVsVxqss R_ds e
NRPLRixmso OSQ sVaRPs
@ z dsy yNRPXM N][7zms ee 39
yee @sNTPs [s\s sxqsVso sys[ xqsLiRR
sVVsV ysLiRVRV, ss\V c NRPLRiR

OSQaRPsV\ c RVs s dsRVRVLiRV

LRiLiRV sVRVV @LRiVRVgS sVLiRVLRiV.
ssLRisVV :c
aRPLkiLRisVVNRPLi BLijRVsVVV c ysNRPLi
sVsxqsV= c ysNRPLisV Vj c [xmss. NSgS c
ysNTPs [xmsj ARsxqsVso, xmsLRixsVV.
FLiVVdsVR gjis c gjis[dsLRiV c ds[RVsVV,
RVsVV DTZNPsV. FsV DTZNPsV? s[T
FssVLiT Lisj?
dssVLiT Lisj, dsNTP sRRssVV
xqsxgRiVsW? NSRV, gjissVLiT DxtsQaRPNTP
dsNTP [Ljisj. gjisNRPVsV s[TsV
xqsxgRiVsVVNSRV. xqsx[xtsQ\sVsj
@gjisWRs[V.
Ry=dsVxmssVV[ gjisNRPV c ysy*LS dsNTP c
ds sVLiT RVsVVsNRPV DxtsQRLRisVV
xqsLiNRPsVLisj.

@[ xmsLRisWR rydsVxmssVV[ Vj
\RssLiR sVgRiVRVsj. A\Rss[V
sVsxqsVsNRPV BLijRVsVVNRPV, [xsVVsNRPV
xqsLiNRPsVLiRVRVsj.
C xqsRsVVsV FysVLRiVRV gRiVLjiLixmsRV.
gRiVLjiLis FyRV c [}LijRWRVV xqs*xqs*
NRPLRisVVRVLiRV s[ztsQRsVV gRiVRVLiRgS c
dsss OTPQLixmsNRP C @sNTPs NSLRi \sVs
sxqsVsosLiRV yssVV sVxmsosV.
s ALiRVRVsj. NRPsV RWRV RVsj.
FyRV AssRV aRPsVVsV, C NRPsRV
RXaRPsVVsV sLixmsRV, AaRPsVVsV
ANTPLiRVNRPV, C RXaRPsVVsV jNTPLiRVNRPV
DxmsNRPLRisVV\ RVVy a][R c
s[RsVVsVgRiWR OTPQLixmsRV. dss ssVNRP
xmss }qsRVVRVs @LiRLRiLigRisVVsV gRiWR
gRisVsLixmsRV. G \Rs rydsVxmssVV[ C aRPs
RLRi+yj NSLRisVVV LRiVgRiVRVs[ c A
\RssVVsV c ARsxqsVsosV c sLiRVsV,
ysLiRVsV.

aRPLkilLi[LijRWRVVVNRP RssVV sRVVsV

FysNRPV sVyssVVs ][xRNSLRiV[.
GaRPLkilLi[LijRV RssVVV rysWsVsNRPV
xqsLiryLRisVVsV |msVRVs[ c @s[
RssVVV FysNRPV xmsLRisWRsV
ryOSQRLjiLixms [RVVsV.
@LiRV[ xdsV\s Wgji xqsy
xmsLRiyssVV[ sVLiRVsV. RRQ* sVLRiVLigRis
[NRP sVyss RVRVgS sLiRV[
AaRPLRisVV[RV.
xmsLRisWRsV ysLiRVRV
[}LijRWRVNRPV R\sQ*RVVsyRV FssLji][
GsV sWRVsV! NSgS xsR*LRiVRV ss!
@yRV Rs aRPLkiLRi LRiORPQsVVs\ZNP
GsVRVVsV RVLixmsRV. xqsLigRizLixmsRV.
Fss\lLis RsVLiRy\sV G\sVs |mss Rs
[[ yss gRizLiRVs[ NSs c ysVVR
OSQFyR NRPWR DLiRRV.

@ sVxmsoLRiVxtsvRV aRPLkiLRisVV[ dsRV[

sxLjiLiRVgSNRP ! NSs @RRV xqsy xsVVy\s
xsVVsLi[ sxLjiLiRVsV.
RsRsVV\s B WgkiLiRVRV
xqsVRVLRiVRV.
xmssxms gRiRZaP[xtsQLi
xmsLjibPuy sxqsVxmsLRiRsQM e
FyaS NRP sW}qs
FyxmsLi FyLRiNRPLRi N][7zms ee 40
yee xqssVxqsQ\sVs gRiRVsV c @sgS
WRxmsLiRNRPsVVsV INRPysRVLi]NRP sds
sVVsLjiLi (11 s a][NRPsVVs zmssV)
xqsLRi*NSLRi NSLRisVVgS sVgjiRVVs
@LiRxmsLRix sxqsVsos ssy\ RV
ZaP[LRiVRV FyLRiNRPLRisVVss
xqsLiFyxmsQ\sVs RsRVRsVV[NRP[V [NTP
@Lijss ALRisVVsV VLixmsoRV
sLjiVsV.

ssLRisVV:xmsLiRsVWRsVVsV sxmsLkiRNRPsVsVVs
INRPys RVLiRV s[L]NRPyss sdssVVsLRiV
syssVVsV gRiWLji 11cs a][NRPsVVs
ssLjiLixmssV.
NSLRisQQ\sV NSLRisVVLiRRV. @sgS
GNSLRisVVsV RyLRisVVNRPLi s[\lLisj NSRV.
NSLRisVLi[ NSLRisVV NRPR sVgRiVRVsj.
NSLRisVVc ssVRcDFyys [RsVV[ lLiLiRV
LRiNRPsVVV. NRPVLiRRVVsj. @j sLjiR
sVgRiVRVLiRVc NRPVsVLji, ys rylLi (RNRPsVV)
sVVRgRiVss ssVR NSLRisVVV. ysRVLi
RLiRsV yzmsLiRVVs sVXRV (sV)
DFyys NSLRisVV. [s][ INRP sxqsVso sLjiRsVgRiV
RVs][ yss DFyysNSLRisVV @LiRVLRiV.
ryyLRisVVgS ssV][Fyys NSLRisVVV s[LRiVgS
sVLiRVsV. NSsN]s][ ssVRNSLRis[V
DFyysNSLRi sVgRiVRVLiRVsV.

rygRiWRVsj. ys ssLRiV sLjiLiRVRVyLRiV?

ryxmsoLRiVlgi[ yss sLjiLiRVRVsj. @LiRV[
AxmsoLRiVgRiV ys sLjiRVLiRV ssVR NSLRi
sVgRiVRVsj. AgRiWRV [s][
sLjiRsVgRiVRVs][ @jNRPy DFyys NSLRisVV!
@j xqsss yLRisVV][ sLjiR sVgRiVRVsj.
@LiVV[ AyLRisVVsV @ryxmsoLRiVgRiV
FssVLiTW dzqsN]sLS[RV. A yLRisVVV
yssVLiT[V xmsoss. C NSLRisVV[ rygRiWRV
sLSsVV[ DFyys NSLRisVVgRiWR ryxmsoLRiVlgi[!
BV[ C gRisLSsVVs xmsLRisWR[V ssV][Fy
ys NSLRisVVVgS sVyRV. "R` xqsXuy* R[ysV
FysaRP`"-@s aRPV. (ys xqsXLi ysRVLi[
xmss[ bPLisV.)
rygRiWRVsV sLjiLisj ryxmsoLRiVgRiV. A
yLRisVVV ryxmsoLRiVgRiVsVLiT[V sss. BV
sLjiR\sVs gRiWsRVsV ryxmsoLRiVlgi[
sszqsLiRV RVsj.

B[sRsVVs xmsLRisWR ys[ ssV][ Fyys

NSLRisVV\ C gRisVVsV sLjiLi ksRVLiRV
ysV szqsLiRVRVyRV
WsVNTP sVV, sVVs NRPgji, ysNTP gS, ysNTP
ANSaRPsVV NSLRisVVV NSgSc ANSaRPsVV
xmsLRisWRsLiT F~RsVVRVsj. BV @j
xqsLRi*NSLRiNSsVV. A xmsLRisWRNRPV
NSLRisVV[RV.
[sNTP NSLRisVVs][ ysNTP DR RVsVV
DLiRVsV.[sNTP INRPNSLRisVV[][ @j @yj
@sLiRsVV. AyRsLiRsxqsVsssV
NSLRiLRizR\sVs sxqsVsssV INRP[.
"WgkiLiRVRV xqsLRi*gRiRVsV
xmsLRisVNSLRi\sVs xmsLRisWRRVLiRV sds
sVVsLjiLi ysRVLiRV sVRVsV @s
xmssV
@R sVRV @sj NRPWR [RV. @ss
xmsLRisV NSLRisxqsVsosLiRV (xsVVsV)
sds sVVsLjiLiRV s[cysV NRPWR ys][V

V @LiRV sds\sV FsosV. C sdszqs[V

xmsLRisWRRVLiRV sVRVgS xmssV.
@ WgjixmsoLigRisosNRPVsV aRPLkiLRisVVLiRVsV.
@RsNTP aRPLkiLRis[V sRVVsj?@sgS
NRPLRisaRPsVVs s RVVsj RVs
xqssWyssVV.
NRPLRisVV 'FyLRisVVcAgSsVc xqsLiRsVV' @s
sVWRV LRiNRPsVVV. sVNSRV INRP sVVsV
sR s[L]NRPyss [Rc sVLjiN]ss
@sVVF~j[ xmsps RVVsV C
NRPLRisVVVLiRVsV.
sRs sVVsLij FyLRisVV.
(xms+@LRisVV) [RRVVs sVV
sLij AgSsV, @sVVF~jRVLiRVs sVV
sLij xqsLiRsVV.
[[ sVs sVVsV, @sVVF~j[s yss
xmsWgjiLixmsNRPVLiR DLiRgRisVV. NSs sRs
sVVsV sVxmsgRisW? @j Rs ORPQQsVVsV
[LjidLRiVsV. @LiRV[ '@sVssVV[gSs

FyLRiNRPLRisVV sbPLixmsRV' @syLRiV. "FyLRiLi

[gRi][ sZaP[`!" GNRPLRixmnssVssVVs\ZNP C
aRPLkiLRi s[VLRiTs][c A NRPLSsVssVV
xqssWxmssVV NSs[C aRPLkiLRisVV ]gRiRV. AgSsV
sLiR NRPLRixmnssVVsV @sVsLixmsNRPVLiR
syLjiLiRVN]ssRVsV. FyLRiNRPLRixmnssVV
syLjiLiRV dsVNSRV.
WgjixmsoLigRisoRV Rs NRPRVxmso sLixmsoN]sV\ZNP
ys[sVRVVsV RVLixmsRV. FyLRi
NRPLRisaRPsVVs Fss][s Rs [LRiVLRic
G\sVs ALRisVV [[ s yss sVLigRiVsV.
@Li[!
ORPVFyxqs @jNRPsVVsV FssLRiV
xqszLixmsgRiLRiV? Wgji sWRsVV
FsVxqszLiRVsV? @s aRPLiNRP xmsoVRVsj.
ORPVFyxqsV aRPLkiLRiRLRisVVV, WgjiNTP
aRPLkiLRisVV][ xqsLiLiRsVV[RV. @LiRV[
ORPVFyxqsV aRPLkiLRisVV][ yyRQsVVgRi
[NRPsVVsV jLiRVs[gSs [}LijRV

sORPQV\ xmsNSbPLiRV Wgjis GsVRVVsV

[RVso. @s xqssWyssVV.
sVLjiRVVsV-"NRPLihRi NRPW}ms ORPVFyry ssXM"
@s FyRLiWgRixqsWRsVV. saRPVR
RNRPrys\sVs NRPLihRi[aRPVs xmsLiRVsVsVV
ryjLis ysNTP ANRP RxmsVVLiRsoc @s xmsRLi
zmsssW. @ysNTP
xqsWLRiNTPLRisVVsVLiT[V aRPLkiLRi
FxtsQsVVs\ZNPs FyaRPNTP LiRVsV.
sVWgRiVNRPV CxmsNTPRV RsLiRysVgS
zqsjLiRVsV. @LiRVss Wgji ALSs[*xtsQ
sVVsLjiLixmsRV.
B WgkiLiRVRV [NRPsVVsLiRVLiR
sRVsVgSs ys RLRi+ssVV xqsVsVVNSRV.
ss NTPsVzms sWgki
ss\syxmsLRiLi NTPsVxmssM e
Rss bdPR xXRRVM
NRPsysLiR sVsLRiM ry*}qsee 41

ye WgjixmsoLigRiso sss sLijLixmsRV;

xqsVLixmsRV. @Rs sVssVVsLiRV
sLiyxqsVRVV DRLiVVLixmsso. AsVxmsoLRiVxtsvRVc
RLiRssVVs Rs xXRRVsVV gRiy\c
sWxqsVs AsLiRsVV[ LRisaRPV\ c
sVLiRLRisXQ\V xqsVsVVLiRVsV.
ssLRisVV:sVsxqsV[ [*xtsQsVVRLiVVLis sLijLiRV,
aRPy g_LRissVV VRLiVVLis xqsVLiRV
xqsLisLiRVsV.
ARsxtsvs sWsxqssVV sLji*NSLRisVVgRi sVLiRVsV.
@LiRV[ @R RxmsNSLjis\|qsRsVV sLijLixmsRV.
FsLiR sVx[xmsNSLji\sssV ssVLixmsRV.
NSuyRVsVVV gRiRVVc sLiyxqsVRVV
xmsLjijRVLi[ RVVsysNTP sVssVV
zqsjLixms[Rsj saRPRVsVV.
NRP\sVs ORPQQ sVsss sVVgS
ANRPL<jiLiRVRVs][c ys sRNRP[ [gRisVV,

[R[ sVV, sW[ INRP NRPsVsVV DLiRVsV.

xmsLRiyssVVsLiRVsys sV[ yNSRVsVVV
NRPORPQQsVV[ @NRPXxtsQsVVV NSso.
xmsLRiys sVsgS sVssVV,
DVNRPVRVs AsLiRsVV[ LRisaRPV\s
WgjiVVNRP aRPLkilLi[LijRWRVV RsV@LiR
ysVV G][ NRPRVRVLiRVsV. ys][ yRsNTP
yyRQsVVLiRRV. @LiRV[ @Rs
aRPLkilLi[LijRV sXRVRVLiRV s[gRisVV
[zmsLiRVsV.
@R ysLiRsVRVVRV! xsVRVVRV!
xqssQ aSxqsQLi
xqsLissLRiLiR xqsLRi*RxqsQQQNSQ*e
AbPR xmspLRixmsRdsLi
A}qs sxtsQsVkxmss][gki ee
yee WgjiNTP aSxqsQsVV][ s[RV; [NRPsVV][
ssLRisVVLiRRV. lLiLiTLis

@RRVsT|msVsV: xmsLjiRLiRVsV.
xqsLRi*RM xmspLRiQ\sVs xmsLRixsVV
yaRPLiVVLi c (@LiRV sdsV\)
sxtsQLixmskssVVs sLSVsV.
ssLRisVV:dNRPLSc NSsRNRPc][[
xmsRWsVVcxqsLisLisxmsoRV
ssVNRPL][[ c NSgRiy [Rc [y
N]Lji ANRPVsLis sgjiLic AsVLi sVgRiV[
yLji RWRVN]sVRV sTyLRiV. BysNTP
DxxqsVRV, (DcNSVRVs NRPLRi;
[RVLiRV gRiyRV) @s }msLRiV, ysNTP gRisVsVV
[LRiVsLRiNRPV sWRs[V D][ s, yss
ALjiFNRPVLiRcRNRPgRi sVRVLRiV
xmsxqsLjiLiRVsV LRiOTPQLiRV N]sV gRisVsVV
[LRiVsLRiNRPV sWRs[V @sxqsLRisVV. gRisVsVV
[LjisdsVR gRiWR yss [R RLjiLi
sLjiRV. INRP][LRis[RVVsV.yss
LiRVN]sRV.

@[ aSxqsQsVV. @ssVs NSLRiVdNRP[

xmsRVsLiRVRVsysNTP aSxqsQsVs js*
@sxqsLRisVV. sxqsWLRiVRVRLiVVLixmsgS @js*][
@NRPLRi dLjiFsosV.
@ssVVsyLjiR\sV sVssVV
zqsjLisysNTP aSxqsQsVV][ s[sV xmss?
aSxqsQssVV s[VRsV sLij. s[VR
\|msgRisVV sLij.
sVssVVcs[VR\|msgRisVVsNRPV
[LRiVN]syRV sVsLRixqssV OTPQLixmsRV.
AysVsxqsLixmssR\ZNP aSxqsQsVV. @j
LixmsgS aSxqsQsVVc BV ETs RLRiVyR
dxmsoLRiV sLij. @j sxqsLjiLixmsRVsV.
gSrNRPgS kxmssVVRLiRVsV. FyxmsLiNRP
yxqsysVV[ RsVV RLiRVsV. A
yxqssNRPV RWLRisVVgS xsVV y\s RVVs
Wgji sxtsQLixmskxmss[V!
RX xms RLjiy

xqsQXsVs saRP*Li s[NRPRVs Wgkie

sxLRi LRixzqs ys[
sLSsVLRi WsV sRsaSsM ee 43
ye VLRiR][c|msLi][ sRsVs
aRPLkiLji\VRVVLiT NRPWR Wgjics CxqsNRP saRP*sVV
NRP gRiTxmsLRiNRPgS RVsV. GNSLiR LRixxqs
[aRPsVVsLiRVs y\c LSsVLRiLRizR\sVs
xmsLRixsVVs sRsxLRi bdP\Vc
saSLiRV\ VVFyLRiVsV.
ssLRisVV:sWssVV[ @NRPscRWRWxqsLRi\sV
RX aRPNRPsVVLiRVVs [xsVV,
Fsss\ZNPssV dRLRixmsoLiRVsV.
xqs*RryssVV [zqssgSs ysNTP xqsVsVVgS
sVLiRRV.
sVWgjiRVLiRV aRPLkiLRisVV yss ssVV
[aRPsVVsV sVgjiRVVLiRRV. @LiRV[ @RRV
aRPLkiLRi sVLiR VLRiR VLRiRgSsVssV

xmsLiRVN]sRV. ysNTP aRPVRsV

NRPLixmsRVLixmsRV.
RWRgS sLiR sLRisVRV. NSs @R UsaRP*sVVs
ZNP[sVRVV sVsdsRVRV. ks NRP gRiTxmsLRiNRPgS
RVsV. LSsVLRisVVV [scxmsosLSsX
LRizR\sVs sRxqsRsxqsVso ssRV
sRRVNRP saSLiRV\ gRiV
AsVxmsoLRiVxtsvRVc
LSsVLRisVVs xqsVTgRiVLiRsVVs NTP,
sVVsVgRiVRV, [VRVcDNTPLjiNTPLji
RVgRiVRVs saRP*sVVsV gRiTxmsLRiNRPgS
RV[ AaRPLRi s[VsVVsj?
xmsaRP NTPsVzms sLRiWxmsLi
ssRcsaRPV[cNTPRzms sRssVe
xtsQ sLRiVxmssV WsVs
suysVssVQ NSxtsQ s][gkiee44

yee WgjiRLRi+s aRPs xtsQRVNRPV

RWLRiV\ RVVLiRVsV. @R [sVRVVsV
jNTPLixmsRV. GsVRVVsV ANTPLixmsRV. GsVRVVsV
sWRRV.
ry[s xmsLRixsxqsVsosLiRV sxtsQgRiy\
NSxtsQsVV s saRPV\ sLSVsV.
ssLRisVV:sVsxqsV= sxtsQRWxqsNRPsVV NSsxmsoRV NRPsV
LRi RVVssVLRiWxmsRLRi+ssVVNSRV.
soV sVWxqsVN]sNRP FLiVVssV aRPsVV
gRizLixmsRRV. G BLijRV\sVssV sVsxqsV=
sxtsQRVsVV\sVsxmsoRV sWRs[V
NTPRWbdP sVgRiVsV. sxtsQRV gRixsVV
[RVVsV.
@V NSsyRV 'A{mnsxqsV LRiRVVsj NSs xmss
[RVV[RV' @ssVVLiRVsV.
xsxtsv\s WgjiNTP sxtsQRWsVs sVV
NRPVgRiVsV? sVLSxtsQsVV[s

WNRPLixmssVVsV @ry=sVV[ sVsy V

sVsLiRVsV?
LRiWxmsRLRi+scaRPaRPscyNRP=LixtsQjNRPsV
V BLijRV sxtsvsRVLiRV xqsLisLiRVsV.
@j*dRV xmsLRixsVVsLiRRLiRsVV
ssVgRiVQQ\s Wgji NRPs RssVV [s
y\ sLSVsV,
'RVxqsR*xqs
xqsLRi*sW\QyW`cR[sNRPLixmsZaP[`'c
@s aRPV. xqsLRi*sVVsV ARxqs*LRiWxmss[V @s
FsssNTP sjR\sVs][c @sVssVVs NRPLijs][c
yRV [s][ RVsV? [ss RLji+LiRVsV?
RWRVRVsjc RWRRVRVsj
ARssVVV NSsoNRPy! NSgS Wgji
aRPxqsLRi+LRiWFyjNRPsVV ssVsLixmsRVc
Rss[ yssVsLiRVsV.
RsWs s{sM
sVxtsv xqsLRi*R xmspLRiyLi xmsaRPse

gRiWRLi RLRi RVd[

sVWRsRgRisWLRi RRQ*M ee 45
yee WgjiNTP RsWs sVVLiRRV. xqsLRi*FyV
yRRV xsVVgSs[ RLji+LiRVsV, xqsNRP
aSryQLRi LRixxqssVV sLjiLigjisy\NRPWRc
@ssVV sVWRV URRs sLiRVsV
sgRiWRsXQ\V RLjiLiRVsV.
ssLRisVV:'syM'c FydsRVsVV. xmsoVNRP[
GLRiRVRVsj. xmsoVsj aRPLkiLRis[VNSs
ARsxqsVso NSRV. ysNTP sssVLRisVVV
[so.
's RV[ sVRV[ yNRPy`
yRVLi Wy*sy y sWRVM @s gkiR.
aRPLkiLRisxtsQsVVNRPV RsWs sVVLiRVsV.
xsxtsvRVc dsRV xVRVc dsRV
aRPWRVRV @s [RsVVsV sLiRVsVc

dsRV yyRV, dsRV xmsLRiVRVc @s @sWs

[*uyRVNRPV sRVV\ sLjiLixmsRV.
@RRVaRPLkiLRisVV ssRVsV OTPQLixmsRV.
xqsLRi*sVVsLiRVsV xmsLRixsVVs[
RLji+LiRVsV.
'aRPVs\s aRP*FyZNP[ R xmsy xqs=sVRLji+sM'
gkiR.
xmsoVgRiVT xmsossVRLiRVsrLiRLRisVVs[sV
@sVsLixmsgRiRV? @ssVV Fy\s
WgkiLiRVs RLRi s[sV gRisVsLixmsgRiLRiV?
yLSRs NRP sVWRVsgS sLiRVLRiV. AWgjiNTP
sWyssWssVVV xqssWssVVV. \|msgS
[NRPsWRss sVWRVsgS sLiRV @RsNTP
sVsVV. @Rs GNSLiRsVVsNRPV
LigRisVVLiRRV.
Wgji xqsLRi*\ RVVLiTRVV sVWRVss
gRisVsV!
DxmsyRV xsVWLi

xmsLjiyRWNSaRP sVss sW{qsLRi e

xmsxqs*zms sLRissyLi
xmsLjiLRixqss xmsLRisaRPM N][7zmsee 49
yeeWgji Rs[s[ RgRiRgS [zqsN]sc
ANSaRPsVVs[ NRPVgS \lgiN]scWRsVVs[
sVXRVRsVVgS [N]sc \sLSgRisVs
zmsRVVLSs gSRsVV N_gRiLiRVN]s
AsLiRxmsLRisaRPV\ RVVLiRVsV.
ssLRisVV:RLjiLiRVNRPV RNRPs sxqsQsVVV,
aRPRVsLiRVNRPV xLixqsRWNSRsVVV,
RNTPLiRNRPV sVRs jLiRV c ByRV\|ms
N][LjiNRP aRPLkiLRisxtsvsNRPV, ARsxtsvsNRPV dss][
s[RV.
sxtsQRWxqsNRPVRV zmsRWxmsLjixtsQ*LigRisVVs
LRisbPLiRVsV. WgjiNTP ds\sLSgRis[V
zmsRVVLSV. @RRV \sLSgRisVVs[ gSRsVV
xRVVLiT AsLiRxmsLRiaRPVRgRiVsV.

[NRP sVsVsLiRVsj sxtsQRWsLiRsVV! Wgji

@sVsLiRVsj xsLiRsVV! @j
{qssVRsVV! Bj s{qs=sVsVV! @j saRP*LRisVV! Bj
aSaRP*RsVV!
gRiR[RyxqsyM
xqs*xms[yLRiyLRi yLkiM e
LRisV[ xqsx RVLSM
RRVysM xmsolLi[N][7zmsee 4`
yee [RsVVsss r~gRixqsVNRPQ\s
sRWLiR][ LS Rs @LiRMxmsoLRisVV[
LRisVLisVcWgkiLiRVRV [RsVVsV
sxtsQRVyxqsssV sxqsLjiLi,
sVxqsLiysxmsLRisVV\ LRisVRVsVV\s
VjsXRV][ DxmssxtsQRLiRMxmsoLRisVVs
gkiTLiRVRVLiRVsV.
ssLRisVV:

yLRissRVcdsRVc yRV @s [RsVV[sy\lLi,

r~sVs VsV, Fsss][ \sssV gRiWT
sxLjiLiRVLRiV. yLjiRVLiRV [RssVV
yxqss\ZNPssV DLiRRV. [RsVsV yLji
sXNTP LigRiNRPLRisVV,
aRPLkilLi[LijRVsxtsv\RsV [gRisVVsV
rygjiLiRVN]sVNRPV xqssVLRiV\s xmsVso B
r~gRixqsVNRPQ\s sRWLiRVsV FssNRP[zqs
c @LiRMxmsoLRisVV[ yLji][ gRiWT
sxLjiLiRVsV.
s[*xtsQ xmsLRisVV\s
VjsXRVRVLiRV [RssVVsNRPV,
sxtsQRVyxqssNRPV AsLiR\VssV @sNSaRPsVV
[RV @sRVVs][ sVxqsLiys sVV
rygRiVsV?
yLRissRV RsV r~gRixqsV[ IRWLRisVV[
RsVV gRiWTs xmsVsLRiV RsVV
sLjiLisV c [RyxqsyLRizRsVV \s

VjsXRVV WgkiLiRVsNRPV sLiR

FyLRisaRPsVVsV gRiLiRVsV.
@LiRMsoLRisVsj [xms FsR[ DLiRVsV.
@R NRPLiRLRiVsV [LRi[LRiV.
xssVV sVxms[bPLiRV DxmssxtsQRVV
s[RbdPL<RisVVV. ys ssVV sLiRVN]sgRiV
NRPxtsQsVV.
xmsVsosNRPV @LiRMxmsoLRisVV sLRiWsV!
WgjisLRiVsNRPV DxmssxtsQRLRisVV! sLRiWsV!
INRP sxtsQRWsLiRsVV s[L]NRP
sLiRsVV!
\sLSgRi sxmsosWLRiLi
s[ysV kzmsN][kxmssV e
ALRiVxRRQ*xLRiQLi
sVVNSQxqsx sWR[ RVLSee 48
yee \sLSgRi sVsV saS\sVs sVsLRiVxqs gRiVLiyc
sssVsT |mssVjs*[ xmsNSaRPsLiR\sV

RVVsc sR xqsR sxqsVQ\ss xmsLRix

sVsT s[VR\|ms ZNPNTP c RVLS sVVNTP
NSLiR][ gRiWT AsLijLiRVRVLiRVsV.
ssLRisVV:sVV [s[ s[VR\|msNTP FsNRPV xqsLissVV
NSRV. @j RNRPs sVsLRixqs @LiVVs][ xqsVsVVgS
@jL][zLixmssRVsV.
xmsLRixsVs xqssVVsR xmsryRsVV
sjL][zLiRVNRPV \sLSgRis[V RNRPs sVyLji.
FsV[ s[VRdsVRNRPV [LRiVN]ssV. @j
kxmssVV [s dNRPN][\sVs][ c @R INRP
s[L]NRPgS ][RVsV. @[ Rgjis sssVV
[NRP[Vcds ys syyRV ssLiLic
Fss\ssV [}LijRV \sORPQsVVsV
@sVsLissVc yy @sVssVVsV xqsLjigS
gRiVLjiLixmsRV. @yRV Rs
LisVWxms[aRPsVV[ [NRPsVVsV
RxmsVyLjis LiRVsV.

$ aRPLiNRPLRigRisyRVNRPV WLRi*sVV
RLRiVyRNRPWR, RgjisLiR sssVV[NRP[V
RsV\s ryRs[ [}LijRV sORPQ\sVs
szqss @sVsLisyLRi VyLRiV.
NSsyLRiV Rgjis sssVV [sy\lLisLiRVs,
AzqssLiRVN]sRVVc xqsRsVVsV
@sVsLixmssy\lLi [NRPsVVsNRPV
@\Q*RssVV\s xmsVsWLRisVVV
Dxms[bPLiRVRV sLji.
Rgjis sssVV[s sVssVV
kxmssVV[s s[VR. (sVLRiRsVV
LissVcys s RVsyRV ys
yLjiRQsVV ]gRiRV) @LiRV[
gRiVLRiWxms[aRPsVV[ xmsL][ORPQQssVVsV
xqsLiFyjLiRVN]s cFsRgRis
\sLSgSxqssVV[cQNRPsVVsV
@sVsLixms sRVVsV.

Fss][ WgjixmsoLigRisoRV sWRs[V B sV

ssVVsV gRiTLi c sVVNTP
NSLiyryxRLRisVV[ LiRs[LRiVsV.
ssR[R sWLi
ssy\sRXxtsQ NRPsdLi R e
@xmssWysVXR xmnsVNSLi
ARM N][7zms gRiX ee 49
y ee GNSLiRyxqssVVsV RNRPs xmspRLiRgS c
ssR ][T sLRisVV sR xmsLSVRsV
NRPsXORPQxmsoksgSc @ssWssVVs
@sVXRxmnsVNRPgScARs xqsLixmssVRV
sWRs[V {qs*NRPLjiLixmsgRiRV.
ssLRisVV:ryyLRi[NRPsVV aRP xqsLRi+ LRiWxms LRixqs
gRiLiyRNRP sxtsQRVsVVLiRV LRisVLiRVsV.
GNSLiRxms[aRPsVVsLiRV Bs Lixmsso.

@LiRV[ sxtsQRWsVV xmssX gRi

[NRPsVVsNRPV GNSLiRyxqssVV
NRPLiNRPNTPLkisVVs sVRVMsVVsV
gRigjiLiRVsV.
sxtsQRVsLRiRV\s Wgji yss (GNSLiRyxqssVVsV)
NRPVsxmsp RLiRsVs AsLiRsVV][
{qs*NRPLjiLiRVsV.
aRPLkiLRisVVsV dsTs RLRiVyRgRiWRc xqs*LSj
xmso [NRPsVVRVLiRV
@xms=LRiMNSLiyxqssWgRisVsVVsV yLiLis y\lLi
RVRWgSj NRPLRisVVRVLiRV xmssLjiT
sVV NSLiRVR xmsLSVV\ sLjiVRW?
@ zqs sxqsxmsokxmss yLjiNTP
sVRVMsVVsV |msVsV.
NSs WgjixmsoLigRisoRV [NRPsLRiVRsVVgS
NSLiysLRirsVVsLiRV cRs[ DRLiVVLis
L][RsV (gRiVxms=sV, @xqsxRsV)
NRPNRPsV[ {qs*NRPLjiLiRVsV, ARLjiLiRVsV,
xqsLiLRiOTPQLiRVsV.

[NRPsVVsNRPV @ssWssVV sxtsQsVV! xqssWs

sVsVXRsVV! Wgji @ssWssVV @sVXRsVVgS
{qs*NRPLjiLiRVsV,
@Rs GNSLiR[aRP QNRPsVVsNRPVc
[NRPsVVsLjiLiRV @ssWssVVsV sVx[xmsNSLRi
sVVsLjiLiRVsVgRiy!
sVWgji sWRs[V BVVLiRgRiRV!
ss}tsQR ][xtsQjRW
gRiVVyy s NTPyR[!
AsRNRP sVsV
][*y}qs sVVsM N][7zmsee 5iLi
yee Wgji LiVW[NRPsVVsLiRV Fsys\sssV
][xtsQsVs sLi xmsLjixLjiLixmsRV, gRiVsVVgS
RLi {qs*NRPLjiLixmsRV. @RsNTP gRiV][xtsQsVVV
xqssWssVV[! @sRVVsV @sysxqssVV[!
@RRsVR Dy{qssV\ RVVLiRVsV.
ssLRisVV:-

'Rc[RscgRiVc][xtsQsVRVcsaRP*NUP>sNRPLSLRi'
- RV{qsyxqsV.
("Rc[RssVVsV, gRiVc][xtsQsVVsV
NRPRV[{qs xmsLRisWR LiVW[NRPsVVsV
xqsXLisV"
][xtsQs[VNSRV gRiVsVVNRPWR sWRWsxqss[V!
Fyxmss[V NSRV. xmsosV NRPWR A][xmsNTP
ALiNRPs[V. RVxtsQQXRsVV
RVMsVssVVs\ZNP aRPLkiLRiLiRsVVsV
|msV RVsj. xqsVNRPXRsVV
xqsVsVssVVs\ZNP aRPLkiLRisVVsV gRiLiRV
RVsj. lLiLiRVsV xsLiysVssVVsVLiT
jgRiLRiVss[V.
@LiRV[ WgjixmsoLigRisoRV ][xtsQsVs VLi
[sds [*ztsQLixmsRV. gRiVsVs FsLi [sds
ARLjiLixmsRV. @RRV xqsLRi*Q\sVs
@yRsxqsVsoRVLiRVsVc @j gRiV\sVssVc
][xtsQ\sVssV Dy{qssRs[cD}msOSQssVVs[
szLiRVsV.

WRLi NTPsVzms ssVsV[

sR NTPs sRVRsMe
xmsaRPs xmsoL][sLRiQzms sxqsV
xqssVryLRi xqssVLRixqsM N][7zmsee 51
yee ssVNRPVQ\s sVRVRV c
WyLRisVVsV sLixmsRV,
sxtsQRLRisVVsV LiLixmsRV.
xqssVryLRisVV RVLiRVsV. xqssVLRixqs Vj
gRiy\ (xsVVgS RLji+LiRVy\) Rs
FsRVsVs yss \|qsRsVV NTPLixmsRV.
ssLRisVV:WRsVV @sgS gRiRsj, s [NRP
sxtsQRV @sgS LSsVsj. lLiLiTLiNTPs
sRVsVsVsj sLRisWssVV
[NRPsVV @jNRPxqssVRVsVV
WyLRisssVLi][ c
sxtsQRLRiLiRssVVsLi][ RsVysVLRi

sLjiVsV. ZNP[s
sLRisWssVVsLiRjsVsRV.
[NRPsVVVVNRP LiVWzqs xqs*xmssVVsLij. NRP
sLij. sVs sVR aRPRVsLiysW A
xms[aRPsVVc A xmsLjixqsLRisVVV NRPRVLiRV
sxqsLjiLixmsRVsV. G[ xms[aRPsVVVc FssL][
sNRPVV NSssRVLRiV.
@V[ RsV sRssVV[ c RsyLRiLisVVs
Fsxmso][ Ljigjis G][ sxtsQRVsVVsV sLiRVRV
[NRPsVV sLRisWyLRisVVsV RysVVs
sxqsLjiLiRV RVLiRVsV. @[ Bj LiVVV
[RVsRVVsV, Bj LiVVV LRiVgRisss
sxtsQj*xtsQWx ][ sLRisWssVVsV
sxqsLjiLiRVRVLiRVsV.
NRPRVLiRV sLRisWyLRisVV sxqsQXR\sV G][ G][
NSsssV[ BLiRVsV LRiVgRiVRVsjNRPy!
@LiRV[ [NRPsVVVVNRP LiVWzqs
(gRiyLRisssVV sxtsQRLRiLiRssVV)
xqs*xmsxqsRXaRPsVV.

BNRP sLRisWs sVVsj. @j sLRiLiRLRisVV.

sxtsQRLRisVV sVLiT sLiRVRV VRsVVgS
(gRiRsjgS) sWLji FsoRVsj. sLRisWssVV
BV WRsxtsQRV][ |mss s[zqsN]s
RVVsRgRiV[ BjRVVsV RRVs[VNSs
s[\lLisj NSRV. (BLiRNRPVsV BssRVV
sV[sxqssVV[)
ARsxqsVsosLiRV sRgRiLRiWNRPV\s
WgjiRVLi k xqs*xms sVVLiRRV. WRc
sxtsQR*QQLRisWyLRi LiRs sVVLiRRV.
@RRV Ljigjisyss LRiVgRi[VRVyss
sWRs[V NSRV. sLRisWssVVs Rs FsRV
sVsyss \|qsRsVV sLixmsRV, NTPLixmsRV.
xqsLRi*Li xsVRVsVs ssgRiy\ c sR
xqssVLRixqs Vj\V c (NSdRV\) sLSVsV.
B WgjixmsoLigRisoRV sRVNRPgS sRVNRPgS
FsR\ss LiRVs[sW!
sgRiX{y NRPLRiM

sLRiQXuyZaP[xtsQ sxtsQ[VxM e
RXzms sVsVRsV {qssWLi
FyxmsM xmsLRi N][7zms RVsLRiM ee 52
yee BLijRVsVV sss gjiRVc
sVsLjiLi' sxtsQRVyxqss sss
]gRicRVT|ms,
xqsLS*jNRP\sVscsLiR{qssVRVLiRV Fss][
RV ZaP[LRiVRVsWRs[V sxLjiLixmsgRiRV.
ssLRisVVV:'BLiRxqscARsMcsLic xmsNRPLic BsRVLi'
ARsxqsVxmsosV xqsWLiRVsj RVgRiV[
BLijRVsVV. a][yRV\s BLijRVsVVV xmss
[RVVRVss. FsV xmss [RVVRVss.?
ARrydsVxmssVV[ VjRVLiRV
xmsxmnsLis \RssVVsV sVsxqsV=y*LS
@LiRVN]s @s xmss [RVVRVss.

gjis[s ds sVLRiVgRiVRVc NTPLiR @gji

*LiRVRVsRs
RV[RVVRVsVcBLijRVsVV ysVV
xmss }qsRVVRVcRsV ssVNRPsVs ARsV
zmsNTP RVRVss. @LiRV[ dssNTP
BLijRVsVVs }mslLi[LRisV.
sxtsQRVssVVsNRPV ryRssVV gRiV[ Bs
'NRPLRisVVV' @ssV NRPLRisVV @sgS
ryRssVV.
"RVy xmsk}mss NRPLRi[s
LRiWxmssVVxms[cRy RORPVuyzms NRPLRi[s
LRiWxmssVVxms[ e Gs s[RLSzms NRPLRisee
"
-aRPLiNRPLRisyRVyLRiV.
NRP[sVs sxqsVsoVVNRP LRiWxmssVVsV
gRizLiRVNRPV kxmssVV ryRssVVgS
DxmsWgjiLiRV RVsV c LRiWxmsgRixsVVs
NRPsV ryRssVVgS DxmsWgjiLiRVRVsj.
BLijRVsVV sRVVsV BV[ryRssVVVgS
DxmsWgRixmsRV RVss.

aRPgRixsVVs scxqsLRi+gRixsVVs
R*gjiLijRVsVVc LRiWxmsgRixsVVs s[RsVVc
LRixqssxtsQRVsVVs x*cgRiLiR sxtsQRVsVVs
yzqsNRPcryRssVV\ NRPLRisVV sRV RVss.
s[LRiVxmso gRiyRV ryRssVVsV NRPgRi
ssWgjiLi ZaP[RVsVVLiRVsV. s[LRiVxmso [syRV
yss DxmsWgjiLiRVN]sV [RNSNRP
xmssWRsVVs NRPVN]sVsV.
gRiVsVVsj, \|qsNTPVsj. @s xmsRWsVVs
ryRssVV[. yss sRVxmso INRP s[LRiV. As[LRiV
[syRV xmssWRsVVs TFsoRVyRV. Bj
sVs FsLRiVNRP[s[!
@[ BLijRVsVVVsV FysVLRiVs sWRsVVs
R][RVVRVsj. FyRV yss[ gjiRV,
sgRizLi ZaP[RVsVLiRVRVyRV.
INRP gRiVsVV[cBRLRi yxssVV[ xmssWRsVV
[NRPVLiR sRxmsoNRPV sgRizLiRVNRPV
s[LRiV NSsRVVsV. BLijRVsVVsV
sgRizLiRVNRPV ysNRPLisV s[LRiV

@sxqsLRisVV. 'sVsMxtsQuydssRW' a][yj

xmsLiRNRPsVVcsWsxqssVV C ALRiVsV
s[LijRVsVVV ygSj xmsLiRNRPsVV
NRPlLi[LijRVsVVV. C BLijRVsVVV
aRPjsxtsQRVsVVsV sVsxqsVsNRPV
@LijLiRVRVss. sVsxqsV\|ms C sxtsQRVsVVV
sxLjiLixmsgSc@R ys yRsV }msLRiVN]sVRVss.
@V }msLRiVN]s yxqss[ [LjiR\sV sVsxqsV=
sxtsQRWxtsQ][ BLijRVsVVsV
gRiRLiRVRVsj.
N]RVNRPV s sVRsVVsV ys
sVsyRV Ry*xqss[ [LjiRV\c sVLRi
sVLRi N]RVNRPVsV A sVRsVVs
@LijLiRVsVs }msLRi [zqssVc
sxtsQRVxqsVsVRQ\sVc Ry*xqss[ gRiRs
sVsxqsV= BLijRVsVVsV sMxmsossVVgS
sxtsQRVsVVsLiNRP LRiVsLiRVRVsj.
sVsxqsVVVNRPV CxmssXNTP RRR
sxtsQRVyxqss[V NSLRisVV.

Wgji Rs @LiRMNRPLRisVVsVLiT
sxtsQRVyxqsssV sLRiLiRLRi xss[
RVT|mss[RVVsV. yxqss[ [so, @xtsQ
FsV sLiRVsV?
$ sVysWRVsVVs VVxtsQaRPXLigRiVs
NRPRRVVsj. sRVxqsV[sVs
r~gRixqsVNRPQ\s yLRissRV LSRVN]s
LjigjissV ARVs @LiRLRiLigRisVVs
sxtsQRWxtsQ sLixms[RVc G
DRLiVVLixms[RV A sVRVs @LiRLRiLigRisVVs
sxtsQRVyxqss[ [so.
sVWgRiV
@LiRLRiLigRisVVcsxtsQRVyxqsyLRizR\sV
aRPVR\sV RVVLiRVsV. B sVdsRVVV
s{qs=sWsLiR [aRPsVVs sLRiLiRLRisVV
sxLjiLiRVRVLiRVLRiV.
xqssQ [xmsxmssLi
yxqssVsLi R y NS*zms e

xqs*xqsM ZaP[[ RVLS

ysLRi sWss sVsVss[NRPMee 53
yee Wgji RsNRPV Dxms\sVsyss NSRsRV
@sVxms sVVsV yLiLixmsRV.
ALiRLSsLiysVssVgRiVQQ\ xqs*xqsV\
RVVLiRVsV.
ssLRisVV:"aRPLkiLRisVVsNRPV sRsVV FyRsxqsVso
NSssV. sVsxqsVNRPV sRsVV sWRs
sxqsVsoNSssV. Bj ys xqs*sssVV."
GsVLiRsVVcGjLiRVcGgRijcGyxssVV
DxmsWgjiLiRV LRiVgRiVRVs][ aRPLkiLRisVVsNRPV
@[
sVLiRsVVc@[jLiRVc@[gRijc@[yxssVV
NSssV. sWLjis][ xqsVsVVLiRRV. BV
aRPLkiLRisVV @ss ssVNRPyss[ N][LRiVN]sVsV.
sVsxqsV @V NSRV. ysNTP sRsVV N]Rj
NSsRVVsV. G NRPRss BLiRsLRiNRPVsV

AsLijLiRV Ljilgi[ @[ NRPR ssVNRPV sVsxqsV

xqsVsVVsVV NSRV. BxtsQxmsRRV.
G xqsVLiRLji F~LiRV\ZNP BLiRsLRiNRPV RzmsLi[ @j
Lis zmssV ysVRsLRiNRPQ\sV N]Ryss
yLiLiRVsV.
Gj\VssV RsNRPV LixmssLiRsLRiNRPV
sWRs[V sVsxqsV ys\ZNP ALSxmsRVsV.
LisdsVR ysVR sLRiNRPQ\sV s[L]NRP
N]Rj NSssV. @LiRV[ ALSs[V NSs AsLiR
sVsj sVsxqsVy*LS LiRV NRP,
'@[][ @j' Lis yVsV. yNRPV s[lLi[sVRVV
@NRPLRi[RV. @s sVsxqsV xmsV
xmsVNRPVsV. '@[][ @j' Lisj. sLis[
sVsxqsV Rs xmssV gSNTP sR s[RVVsV.
Lis ysVR @xqsLiRXxmsQ\sVcs[L]NRPys\ZNP
NRPVRWxsVVsV sQQNRPxmsLRiRVsV.
WgjiVVNRP sWsxqssVV rysWs[NRPsVVVVNRP
sWsxqssVVsNRPV ssVVgS sVLiRVsV.

'LisysVR sLRixqssssVV'
LixmssysVR yLiyORPQsVV'
Wgji sWsxqssVVsLiRVLiRso. @Rs sWsxqssVV
@FyLRi\sVs @LiRLSsLiRsVVsc [sNTP
ryRVsj [][c @ sLiRsVVs
sRRXxmsQ\sVc@syLiyLRizR\sVRVVLiRV
[V ksNTP }RVso.
C [NRPsVVsLisLRiVsV xqsVsVVgS aRPRVsLiRV
[RV. lLi[xmsoc'Bj [RVsRVVsV. @j
xqsLiFyjLixmsssV. C @RsVVsV
]gjiLiRVN]ssRVVsV' c ByjgS
xsRsVV\s As[Rs][Rs[ [NRPsVV
aRPRVQ\|ms s[VsVyVRVsj.
WgjixmsoLigRisoRV sWRs[V xqs*xqsssVV][
aRPRVsLiRVsV.
NSxtsvzms ssVLi xmsRdsLi
AryyssxqsLisRVsQysVe

@s[ ORPVNRP GN][

sxLRisLRiVQQNRP ssM \|qs#*LRisVee 45
yee ysLiRsVVV sRgRiXRsVV\c
sNRPzqsRsVV\
sLjiVcssV\sVsc@sLRi*RdsRV ryssVVsV
[LRiVN]sy\ LiRLRizRV\,
xqsLRi*sRsVV xqs*RLiRV\ ORPQNRPV ]NRPRV
sxLjiLiRV RVyRV.
sLRiLRisVV:'[aRPsVV[ LSxtsQxms xmsRs |msRxmsRs.
ARVs xqsLRi* sRsVV xqs*RLiRVRV. A xmsRs
FsssN][ gRisLiRVsNRPV LiRVsV' c @s
xmsV[ @LRisVVsj.
NSs Fss][ ORPQNRPVRV. s LiTcNRP
RyRVN]sVNRPV INRP s xmspLjigRiVTaRP
@LiVVssV [syRV @FyLSsLiRsVVsV
@sVsLiRVRVs xqs*RLiRVRs

xmsVRVyLS? B[sV sRWLRisVV?

@szmsLiRVsV?
LSxtsQxms xmsRs\VssV
RVLRizRsVVNSRV. RVLRizR\sVs][
@LigRiLRiORPQNRPV LiRVNRPV? @j aSaRP*RsVVsV
NSRV. RVryssVVs LiRV AsLiR s[VsV
AsLiRsVV?
ORPVNRPVRVc NRP[syRVc s jLiT
[syRV c @s sVssVV sLiRV WgjixmsoLigRiso][!
ARVs gRiRsVVsV sLixmsRV. sxtsQRVsV
LiLixmsRV!
sLiRrysWxmsztsQNRPVQ\s
@RsNTP RVVsV ryNSLRiV. @LiRV[
@R]NRPRV sWRs[V DsR xmsRsRVLiRVLiT
AFyLSsLiRsVVsV @sVsLiRVRVyRV.
sxqsV sxqssV y
saRP*slLi[ sdssVyMe
LS xmsLSs}msO][Q

LS7 dsRLSgSsVee 55
yee xqsLRi*saRP*sLRisVV FsLiRV @xqssVLi
NSsLSNRPVLiR [soRVs][c@ sxqsVsosLiRV
(xmsLRixsVVsLiRV) dsds\sVs sWsxqssVV
gRiy\c\sLSgRigRixqsLixmssV[ NRPsLjiQ\V
RV ZaP[LRiV]NRPRV BR LS}msORPQ [sy\
sLSV RVyRV.
ssLRisVV:NRP[ sxLjiLiRV FsLiRsNRPV? sVNRPVs
LSsLiRsLRiNRPV. sVNRPVs ssLiRs[
xqs*xmssLRisV @xqssVLiRVRVsj. NRP[s
AsxqsVsoVcsNRPVVcysRVLi[LRiRs
LSgRi[*uyRVVcCL<SQ RVNRPLiFyRVV
BssRVVsV @RXaRPsVV gRiVRVss.
gRiXRVLiRV, sVNRPVsRVLiRV
@xqssVLiRVRVss.
@[ @ssVs |mssVsRVLRiRVLi[LRiTs
LiVW saRP*xqs*xmssVcARsLRiWxms\sVs gRiX
DRLiVVLisLiRs[ @xqssVLiFsoRVsj. @sgS

ARsR Dxms\sVsLiRs[ saRP*xqs*xms

sLRisVV xmsLjixqssWxms sVgRiVRVsj.
xqsLRi*Q\sVs saRP*sVV A][xmsRVLi
RLiRL>jiR\sV FsoRVsj.
sQQ\sVs @ ry*RsxqsVsosLiRV
FssRV sVss[LRiV[c ys AsLiysVWNTP
BRLRi sxqsVso][ @NRPLRi RVVLiRRV.
\sLSgRisVsgS sLRiNTP; BsVVR
xmns[gRisVVsLiRV @yxqsNTP. @j [NRPVs
sVssVV xqsVs. A \sLSgRiQ\sVssV
@ryyLRi\sVRVVLiRsRVVsV. @xmso[
saRP*xqs*xmssVV L][zRsVgRiVsV. [NRPVs
xqsgRisVV sRVLRic xqsgRisVV sVNRPVs @LiVVs
RaRPRVLiRVs saRP*xqs*xmssVV
LiRLiRsVVVgS @sVsLjiLiRVRVLiRs[gSs
xmspLjigS ]gRiRV.
Fss][ @ryyLRi\sLSgRi xqsLixmssVQQ\s RV[NRP
RNRPsLji sWRs[V C zqs sLiRVN]s
sLSVsV.

AyLS Fy RXaS
xqssVyFy FyLRi xqsLisyNSLRiMe
xmsaRPsVR xqsNRP s[RM
xmsLRixLixqsM NRPbPyee 56
yee $gRiVLRiVNRPLRiVNRPORPQsVV[c@LiRsVV[s
ssVV VVNRP ANSLRisVVsV
@LiRVN]sy\cxmsLRisVxLixqs VVNRPRV
@xqssVy [RssV\ sLSVRVyRV.
ssLRisVV:gRiVLRiVso[s sR NRPVLisR. GsRQ\sssV
gRiVLRiVso [NRP[V @LiRVN]sgRilLi[sW NSs,
$gRiVLRiVs NRPLRiV[NRP ARsR @sRRV.
xmsxmso\sVs @LiRLRiLigRisVV][ gRiVLRiVsLjiLiRV
'RRQ*sVzqs' Byj sVyNSL][xms[aRP##s[V
$gRiVLRiVs NRPLRiV. ys[ sWRs[V
Assxqs\sVs xqsLiryLRisVV ssLjiLiRVsV.
Fss\ssV sVyNSLRi sVsssVV[Rs[c

'aRPLkiLRisVV ysV NSssRVV, @FyLRi\sVs xqsLisRV,

@sgS ssVV, @[ Rs LRiWxmssVsRVV
gRizLixms s[LRiVsV.
@xmsoRV ysNTP xqsLRi*sVVsV ARxqs*LRiWxmssVVgRi
@sVssVVsNRPV sRVsV. ARNRPLi c
xsVVNRPLi s[\lLis jRVVsV
g][RLjiLixmsRV. @LiRV[ @RsRVLiRV
[aRPsVVsV [RssVV sVgjiRVVLiRRV.
B zqs sLiRVg]ss xmsLRisVxLixqs\Vs
WgkiLiRV]NRPRV sWRs[V ysLiyNRPX\V
sLSVsV, 'xdscxLixqsM' xs zLiry gRi][M.
'sRRVyRV' FsoyRV' @s xLixqsaRPsVVsNRPV
@LRisVV.
FssU xqsLiryLRiRNRPsVVsVLiT
xmsLRisWRsLiNRPNRPV
[so\ZNPRNRPssWLRisVV s[LRiLRiRVN]s,
@LiRV rygRiVRVy][cFsoRVy][ yRV xLixqs. @sgS
Wgji, RV. yLji[ ZaP[xtsvRV 'xmsLRixLixqs,
xmsLRisVxLixqs'.

FysVLRi\sVs [NRPsV xqsLiryLRisVVsVLiT

NRPRs[. FyRVLiRV gRiWR Fss][
sVdsRVVRV sWRs[V 'xLixqscxmsLRisVxLixqs'
xmsRsVV sLiRVN]sVsV. @RsNTP sWRs[V
[RLRizR\sVs sVssVV ryRsVV,
@j\VssV $gRiVLRiVNRPLRiVsZaP[xtsQsVV[
sWRs[V LiRVsV.
sLSQaRPsV ssryLi
sRWRV syks e
xmsLjibPxtsQ[ RVdsM
xmsLjixmspLSxqss [RsW[ ee 5`
yee @LiysLiRsVRV\sVs xsVVsV gRiWLjis
[RsVV AsLRisLixmsgS c RVZaP[LRiVRV
sLSQaRPsV ssxqssV dsVcRVsV
NTPLi]sLjiLi, @j*dRV xmsLRixsxqsVQ\s
szqsLiRVRVyRV.
ssLRisVV:-

j sLRissxqssVcAaRPsVssxqssV
FyLixmsszqssyLRiV FssLRiV! aRPLkilLi[LijRVsxtsvV
C ssxqssV FyLiRV RxmsRV.
aRPLkilLi[LijRV sORPQ\sVs AR
xqs*LRiWxmssVVsV gRiVLjiLi xs[V yss
[RsVVs ssysNTP xmsLRisVV [sV?
AaRPsVsVV [sV?
'RLiy[7xqsV xqsRVj*[7xqsV gRiVLRiVLji[uy
sVdsuy sVsV' csVdsuyxmsLiRNRPsVV.
yRV xV\ ssV RLiyV\ssV xqsLRi*[NRP
xmsp[, A sVsVsoRV BRLRiV VRsVc
xj sLRisRcAaRPsVsR
[RssVVsV RLji+LixmsRV. xqsLRi*sVVsV
xsVRVsVVgS @sVsLiRVsV.
xsR*lLi[VQ\s WgkiLiRVRV
RXNRPXRxxmsoLRiLiRLRiVRV, @sgS
BLiRxmsRsscxxmsRss gRiTxmsLRiNRPgS
RVsV.

xVVNRP ARVVso FsLiR FsNRPVs\VssV

ysNTPs @LiRsVVsj. '@R xMc
j*dRVxmsylLi[' @s xqsLiNRPsVV[
xmsVRyLRiV.
xmsLRi+@LRisVV=g]xmsQ\s xqsgRisVV,
xVVNRP ARVVso y|msRj. yss lLiLiRV
xqsgRisVVVgS [zqssxmsoRV @s y |msR\ss
lLiLiRV xqsgRisVVVc@LRigRisVVV @gRiVsV.
sVVR xqsgRisVV xmsRsV xmsyLRisVV. lLiLiRs
xqsgRisVV j*dRVxmsyLRisVV.
BxmsoRVs xNRPV G[LiRV gRiRFLiVVss.
ALRisxmsj[ TyRV. Cj*dRV xmsyLRisVV
xmsLjixqssWxmsQ\sVs][ C xRVVLiRRV,
s[L]NRPRV xxmsRsVV sjztsQLiRVsV.
BV RV xmsRsoV @aSaRP*RsVV\
RVVLiRgS Wgji aSaRP*R\sVscxmsosLSsX
LRizR\sVs (s xqsxmsosLSsLRi[)
xmsLRixsVV y\s xmsNSbPLiRV RVyRV.

aSaRP*RVRV saRP*LRiVs gjiLiRV}qsRVVRVLi

yaRPLRis[VsVVsj?
@LiysLiRsVRV xmsLRixsVV yss
@sVssVV sLiRVN]syRV
saS*dRV\cjNRPV\c@j*dRVV\
@LSLRiVRVyRV.
$xqsybPs }LiRVyLRiV BLiRsLRiNRPVsV AR
sysxqs\sVs ssVQQNTPs
xqsVLisy\lLicgRiLi][xmsxqsLiLRisVVgS
BNRPdsVR s[xsVVNTPs ssVLiRVRVyLRiV.
ORPQRV sVVxmsdsRV xqssVxqsLi
NRPLRi FyLRi sVVxmsV e
xmssgRiR [xsM
Fy[ \|s ZNP[sLi see 58
yee @xqsLigRiV\c ARsxtsv\ RLjiLiRV[
xqsLiR, @gSsVNRPLRisVVsV, @sVssVV[
FyLRiNRPLRisVVsV ORPQLiVVLixms[zqssy\

WgkiLiRVRVc [xsVV LSFgS ZNP[s

xmsLRixs[V ysgRiVRVyRV.
ssLRisVV:Rxms AjNRPsVV[ xqsLiR AgSsV NRPLRisVVV
sWRs[V sbPLiRVsV. FyLRisVV (G
NRPLRixmnssVssVVs\ZNP aRPLkiLRi s[VLRiTs][
@j) @sVssVV[Rs[ sbPLiRVsV,
(FyLRiLi[gRi][ sZaP[`).
C gRiLiRsVVsLi jLiRsLRiNRPV G
ARsyQ\sssVV xqsVLixms[ c
yssry*RVR sVVsLjiLiRVN]s xqsy
ARsxtsv\c[}LijRVsVV][T
yyRQsVVsVWLjigRi sT|ms @xqsLigRiV\
RLjiLiRVy*LSc
sxqsLRi[sVs @ssVV, sLiRRVRVs
@ssVVs xqsLiR AgSsV NRPLRisVVV
WgkiLiRVs @sVssVVsNRPV LSNRP[V
sbPLiRVsV.

sxqsLRi[ sVsQQ\ssVc
xmsLiRRVRVsQQ\ssV sg][LRiVys
@sVssVVsNRPV sRVs[gSsc ByLRizRV\
xmssX[sysNTP ys @sVs sVV
zqsjLiRVsV?
FyLRisVV sWRsVV BjsLRiZNP[ s
@ssVVs sxmss ysV [RVNRP
sLRisVLixmsRV. NSgS @xqsLigRiV\ RLjiLiRV[
xqsLiR AgSsV NRPLRisVVV sbPLiRVsV.
@sVssVV[ FyLRi NRPLRisVV sbPLiRVsV.
Fy\s WgkiLiRV TV xqsLRi*NRPLRisVVsV
sRVsVVsLjiLiRV[ c [xFyysLiRLRisVV c
LRiVgRi [xsVVsV yVNRPV Rgjis NRPLRis[V
ZaP[ztsQLi RVVLiRRV.
@RRV aRPLkiLRisVV][ sVs sRVsV
sRRWRVRVsxmsV[ xQ\sV RVVyRV
gRiy! aRPLkiLRiFyysLiRLRisVVc s[L]NRPaRPLkiLRisVVsV
sVVZNPLiRV aRPLkiLRi sVjRVVsV ZaP[ztsQLi

RVVLiRs RaRPRVLiRV ZNP[s xmsLRixs[V

RVgRiVRVyRV.
FyRV [xFyysLiRLRisVV ZNP[s
xmsLRixs[V ysgRiVRVyRs zmsyLRiVNRPy!
A xmsLRix sV][ yVgRiV a][NRPsVV[
ssLjiLiRV RVyLRiV.
zqssVR sVxqsssVyRLi
xqssR sWss [RxmnsVssVe
@sNRP sWRs[VNRPLi
xqsyRLi sR[ NTPsVzmsee 59
yee NRPRNRP[s\csVVRV sLRi
[s\cysLiR
xmsLjixmspLRiQ\sVcsNRPLRizR\sVc
xqsysWRsVVgRi sLSV @sLRi*RdsRV sxqsV
NRP (xmsLRixsVV) szqsV RVsj.
ssLRisVV:-

WgkiLiRVRV [xFyysLiRLRisVV ZNP[s

xmsLRix sVgRiVRVyRs
xmsV[cxxqs*LRiWxms sV\
RVVLiRVss FyhRiNRPVs sWsxqssVV
RRVsoN]sVsscxqsybPs}LiRVyLRiV
yVgRiV a][NRPsVV[ xmsLRixxqs*LRiWxmssVVsV
jRsVVgRi xqsWLiRV RVyLRiV.
ssLRisVV:xmsLRixsVV zqssVRsVVc@sLiRsVVc@yj.
FsR lLiLiRs sxqsVso [][ @R NRPRNRP
RVVLiRVNRPV dsV[RV. @LiRsV
sRVsj [NRP c @j*dRV\sV
xmsLRixsVV @LSLRiVRVsj. ysRVLiRV
RssVVLiRRV. @j zqssVR\sVsj.
xqsXztsQNTP WLRi*sVVcxmsRVsVVsNRPV
sVgRiWR sLji*NSLRi\sV RVVLiRVsj
RVgRiV[ xmsLRixsVV @yj @sLiRsVV

xmsLjixmspLRiQysLiRsVV[ ys LRiWxmssVV.
@ssVsj [NRP ILigS sLSVRVs
RgRiV[ @j sNRPLRizRsVV. lLiLiRsj
[RV. @LiRV[ @j @j*dRVsVV.
lLiLiRsj [Rs @sV FsV? ssVV
AsLiRsVV lLiLiRV NSy? @szmsLiRVsV. @s lLiLiRV
NSso. INRP[. ysLiRsVVVgS sVs ]NRP[V.
@[ ssVV. @[ AsLiRsVV.
FssVV, xsQQ\sV
xmsxmsLiRsVVsjgRiy? xsVV
@j*]RVsVsV FsV NRPVRVLRiVsV @s xqs
DRLiVVLiRVsV.
@xqs RaRPRVLiRVsyLji\ZNP C xmsxmsLiRsVV
xssVs xmssV. C
xmsxmsLiRsVVNRPWR
xs[VcxsRLjiNRPsVV NSRV.
NSLRisVV NSLRisVVNRPLi s[\lLisj NSRV, INRP
sV NRPRs RVVsj. NRPRsgS
sVsxmsVRVsVc xmsgji sVVNRPQ\sxmsoRVsV,

NRPRsgS sWLRiVNRPV xmspLRi*sVVsVc@j

sVs[csV RVLi[ ysVLRiWxmssVVV
NRPRsVVVsV. NRPRsVV @xqsRsVV. @j
sVX[. sVXjs sVsRVsV. NSRV.
xmsLRixsVV yaRPLiVVLi gjis
sWRVVVNRP sxqssVVgS DRLiVVLiscC
ysVLRiWFyRNRP xmsxmsLiRsVV
gRiWRcxmsLRisVNSLRi\sVs xmsLRixsVV NRPLi
s[\lLisj FsgRiVsV?
@LiRV[ @ryLRiLisVVscxmsxmsLiRsVV s[LRiV.
xsVV s[LRiV. @yRsxqsVsocARsxqsVso @s
xmsVRVLRiV.
@xqssVVVVNRP c xmspLSsxqsRVLi][ @sgS
zqsyssxqsRVLiRVc 'xqsLRi*Li *RLi x',
's[xyyzqsNTPLiRs', Ds]NRP[, lLiLiRsj
[RV, [s[[RV, @s @sVssVVsNRPV
sRVsV.
NRPVLiRV FssLRiNRPsVVVgScFss }msLRiV][
g][RLjiLiRVRVssV FyRV @ sVX[ @s

RLisVc AR syxqsLixmssVRVgRiWR
xqsLRi*sVVsV @j*dRV xmsLRixsVVs
@sVsLiRVsV.
'sylLi[7xmsRV s[VyL][7RVs[VyL][7syLRi[' s
syLjiLi 'Ds]NRP[' RVs gRizLiRVgSNRP! @s
RRQ*sVVsV gRizLixmsNRP yyR*sVVsV
sLiRVgSNRP!
Ds]NRP[! ysRVLiRV sWLRiV[RV. @j
xqsyRsVV,
'xqsyRsVV'c@sV C xmsRsVV @RVR\sVsj.
xqsRc@sgS DsNTP, 'DsNTP[V' xxqs*LRiWxmssVV
@sCxmsRsVV VxmsoRVsj.
'[xsVVsj; xmsxmsLiRsVVsj' @sxmsoRV
dssNTP gSLRi\sVs sxqsVNRP RVVsRs
ExNRPV @LiRVRVsj. @[][ A xmsLRisVNSLRi
sxqsVsoVVNRP DsNTP[V @sVssVVsNRPV
@LiRVRVsjgSscsxqsQ*sVssVV xqsLissVV
NSRV.

@LiRV[ xmsLRixsVV xqsyRsVV, ZNP[s

xqsyxqs*LRiWxmssVV. DsNTP[V LRiWxmssVVgS gRij. C
xqsRcCDsNTP ysLiRsVVNRPLi s[\lLisj
NSRV. 'xqsysLiRsVVV' @sV sVWRV
aRPsVV[ Bj }msL]sRVgSNRP! BLiRV
xqs*gRiR[RsVV [aRPsVVsV [RV. C
xqs`c`cAsLiRsVVVcINRPysNRPLi INRP
s[\lLiss NSso,
(gRiVLRiWxms[aRP xmspLRi*NRP\sVs
sLRiLiRLSxqssVV[ sWRs[V kss
RVgRiLRiV.)
aRPLkiLRisVVsV dsTs zmssV Wgji LiVV
xmsLRixsVV. ZNP[s xmsLRixs[V
ysgRiVRVyRs yRLRisVV.
@ORPQLRi sVLRi sVRLi
xqsWORPQQRLSxmspLRi aRPVR sssVe
xmsgRiR xqsLRi* ZNP[aRPLi
xmsLRiRR*Li sLRi[ NTPsVzmsee 9iLi

yee A xmsLRixsVV scLScsVLRisVVV

[sj, sVNTP xqsWORPQQQQ\sVsj,
@LiRVZNP[aRPsVsj [aRPsVVsV [RV.
xqsLRi*RRQ*sVVNRPVsV @s*\ c
@j*dRV\sV xmsNSbPLiRV RVsj.
ssLRisVV:scLScsVLRisVVV [xsVVsNRPV
xmsLRixsW!
"s RV[ sVRV[y NRPy`e
yRVLi Wy* syy sWRVM" eecgkiR.
ysNTP scLScsVLRisVVV [so.
xmnsV aRPLSyj ysVLRiWxmssVV s
NRPRsVV\ @gSLjissV, sVXRV ss
sVLRisVV LijsV NSRV.
sWRWsxqssVVgS C xmsxmsLiR sV[ sRsVV
gRiR\sV |msLjigji sLjigji RLRiVgRiVgSNRP!

CsWRV [s yaRPLiVVLi gRiVRVs][,

[sRVLiRgSLRiVRVs][ A xmsLRixsVV
sLji*NSLRis[V. @LiRV[ xmsLRixsVV @ORPQLRisVV,
@LRisVV, @RsVV.
C xmsLRixsVV INRP sxqsVsogS NSRV, ZNP[ssVV
xqsRgS (DsNTPgS) xqsyRsVVgS @sVsLixms
Rgjisj. @LiRV[ ksNRPLi
xqsWORPQQQQ\sVsj DLiRs[LRiRV.
xqsVsVVcRVMsVV
[}LijRWLiRMNRPLRisVV sLRiNRPVsV rygji
LSgRiso. @V RLRiVyR rygRi[so.
xqsLRi*RRQ*sVVNRPVsV @s*\s
xmsLRixsVVsLiRV ysNTP s[aRPsVV
xqsLissVV NSRV. @LiRV[ @j ZNP[aRPLRizR
\sVsj.
sxqs*LRiWxms\sVs A xmsLRixsVV
@sLRi*RdsRVsVVc@j*dRVsVV.

Wgji aRPLkiLRiFyysLiRLRisVV B ZNP[s

xmsLRixsVV ysgRiVRVyRV. @sgScx
sxqsVsosNRPV yRTs xqsLRi* sZaP[xtsQsVVV
@RsNTP Lijss[V @gRiVRVss.
xqsVRLRi sVsVLRi sVRWLRiLi
ryLRiLi xqsLiryLRi yLji[ {qsLRisVe
xqssVLRis sVRV sVFyLRiLi
Rs sR[ RRQ*sVee
yee A xmsLRixsVV xqsVxqs*LRiWxmssVV. @sybP
sR xqsszRsVV. xqsLiryLRi xqssVVRsVVsNRPV
dLRiWsV. @j sRxqsLRisVLRixqssVV,
@RVryssVV. @LiRsVV[sj.
@sLRi*RdsRVsVV. @j*dRVsVV.
Wgji xmsoLigRisoRV [xFyysLiRLRisVVcB
@j*dRVc@sLRi*RdsRV xmsLRixsVV y\s,
xmsosLSsX LRizRV\ sLSVsV.
ssLRisVV:-

FsLiR RgRiLRi[ sVs sxqsVQ\sssV

xqsWORPQQsVVgS LjibdPLisxmsoRV ysNTPs
sVsNRPVsV sRVsV N]LiR @LiRLRisVVLiRNRP
RxmsRV.
NSs xmsLRixsVV @V NSRV. @[
sVs\sVRVVysVV. @LiRV[ ysNRPLi
xqsszR\sVsc
sRxqsszR\sVscFssRVsV
FsRRVscRWLRiLRizR\sVs sxqsVso [L]NRP
[RV. DLiRRV.
(BRLRi sZaP[xtsQsVV sRVVsV ssVNRP
ssLjiLixmssV)
[xsVV LSFgS Wgji LiVV ZNP[s
xmsLRixs[V ysgRiVRVyRV.
$ xqsybPs}LiRVyLRiV (gRiLiRNRPLRi) BLi
WgjixmsoLigRiso[. yLRiV
{WRV\yLRisj sbPRsVV.
xmsLRixsVV @LiRLRiNRPVsV
sRxqsszRsVs xmsyLRiVgRiy!

{WRVgRiV[ xqsybPs}LiRVV
@LiRLRiNRPVsV sRxqsszRVs s[lLi[
xmssNRPLRi[RV.
Fss\ssV ds\sVs @xqs \sLSgRisVV[
Rs @LiRMNRPLRisVVsV y xqsyRsVVgRi
@sVsLixmsRV xmsLRixsVVsV
[LRiVN]s][c yLRiV xqsybPs}LiRVyLjis
[LRiVN]syLRissW.
$ xqsybPs}LiRVyLRiV @LiRLRiNRPVsV sR
xqsszRV\ @LiRLji s[sVNRPVsV ssVNRP
sLSVRVyLRis RVyLRisVVs gRiWR LiVW
a][NRPsVV RV[RVVRVsj.
@LRixqs sVgRis sVLRiWxmsLi
sLRixqs sVxqsR* sVRsVxqssVe
sLRiVxmsxms sLRiRV RR*Li
RsVzms ][R[ sRsVee 92

yee LRiWxmsLRixqs gRiLiRsVVV

NSNRPcxqsR*cLRiMcRsVxqsV=sRV gRiVsVVV
GsVRVVsV [s\cry[s @RVsxqsV]NRP
@sLRi*RdsRV\sVc@j*dRV\sV xmsNSbPLiRV
RVsj.
ssLRisVV:aRPcxqsLRi+cLRiWxmscLRixqscgRiLiRsVVV
a][ykLijRVsVV[ VsRVRVs
sxtsQRVsVVV. xmsLRixsVV @jNSRV. @j
BLijRV sXRV xmsVsNRPV NRPRV. @j
'@aRPcsVxqsLRi+csVLRiWxmscsVxmsRVLi' @LiVVsj.
saRP*sVLiRRVV gRiVRNRPsVV.
gRiVsVVsgS xqsRQ*LRixqs sWgRiVsVVV.
"\QgRiV sxtsQRWs[yM
s|q^s#QgRiV[yLRiVs!"
cgkiR.

xmsLRixsVV gRiVdRsVV, sLRiVsVV.

gRiVdRVRV NSsyRV ys F~NRPVssV
@sVsLixmss[LRiRV.
sVssVV '@'NTP sWRs[V LiRVsV.
'@' @sgS gRiVsVVV [syRV. @RRV
'@sxqsWRVssVV][' gRiWTsxmsoRV
xmsLRixsVV ryOSQRLjiLiRVsV.
'xmsLRigRiV[xtsv ][uysxtsQLRiLic @xqsWRW.'
gRiVsVVsV RxtsQsVVgS RV @xqsWRV. Dsj
xmsLRixsVVNSgSc yss saRP*LRi\sVs gRiRVgS
RVc Ds]NRP[NSgSc yyR*sVVsV
RLji+LiRVcgRiVsVLiRV ][xtsQRLRi+ss[V NRPy!
NSgS, xmsLRixsVVsLiRV gRiyss '@xqsWRV'
@sRVsV. @j[NRPVLiRV '@sxqsWRWR*sVV'c
@sgS xsVVsV xsVVgS RLji+LiRV.
@\V B ssVV
NRPy\sxmsoRVcA[RV\sVs [][c@sgS
gRiVdR\sVsj ryOSQRLjiLiRVsV.

""@xLi} [[*R ryOSQyLRiM xqs DR[''

cxmsRbdP.
ryOSQyLRisVsgS ys[ @j RVgRiV.
B ryRssWLRisVV[ @LiRVN]sRgjis
xmsLRixsVVgS $ xqsybPs}LiR
xqsLRixqs*RVyLRiVyLRis,
@xqs\sLSgRisVV[yLjis @LiRVN]s sRVss
yRLRisVV,
B gRiVLRiV NRPLRiVFy
yLSM R*QjNRP xtsQztsQxqsLiMe
sLRisy LRi[RLi
sgRisV bPLRixqssQ ryLRiWyLRisVe 93
yee $gRiVLRiVso\s $xmsLRisVbPs[s xqsLRixqs*RV
NRPLRiVNRPORPQsVV[ s[sV
(xqsybPs[LiRxqsLRixqs*) DxmssxtsQy=LRiWR \sVs
sVLRisVV dssRsVVgRic@sLiRsVV\s
@LRiVsj lLiLiRV ALSsXRsVV][ zmss.

ssLRisVV:DxmssxtsQRV sss sVjLixmsgS LiRV

ryLRidsV gRiLiRsVV[ sVsj. @sV[
DxmssxtsQRV xqssVNRPhRissVV[ LiRV
xmsWssVV @NSRV\sVs C gRiLiRsVV
NRPyss xmshjiLi F~LiRgRiLRisRVV,
BjgRiLiRLRiRsVVNRPV RsWsNRP sVsRVV
yRLRisVV.
ALSsXRsVV sWyRLiRsVV. [zqsFyRsVV
RVLiRV 12sWR][ Bj sRRVsV.
C gRiLiRsVVsLiRsRVV ALSsXRsVV[.
gRijR sVR sWR sy
sxqs sVsVyxqsLRiLi xqsLRissVRMe
xmsLjiR xmsLSR sRM
xmsxmsR[ xqsxmsj xmsLRisWLRisVee 94
Fss[s sy*LixqsVU ARsysxqssVVsV xms
jssVV @LRiLiRsxmsLRiV\

xmshjiLis][cysRVLiRV AR sR
xmsLiNRPVsRVsV. ARsR xmsLjixmsNRP*RaRPNRPV
[LjisLiRs[cssVVxqs\sVssV AxqssVVLiRRV.
xmsLRisWLRi sWRsNTP LiRVsV.
ssLRisVV:sy*LixqsVRV C gRiLiRsVVsV RVsoNRPV @jNSLji.
@R\ssV kss sRsVV
RVsoRVLiRsRVVsV. [NRPVs @j 'gRirys
sVgRiVsV'.
GsVgRiV xqs*RsksVV[ aRPVsVVgRi
ryssVV[zqs, INTP sLis[ RW[
F~LRiRVsV. ryssVVss Li aRPVR
ssy? [RV.
@[ C gRiLiRsVV NRPsWLRiV RVsgS sLis
sxtsQRV xmsLSVsX c AysVV
xmssXcFyxmsLiNRP sxtsQRVsVV[ sVLRi
sWzqsFsosV. @LiRV[ kss sRsVV
xmshjiLixmss ssyLRiV.

A FyhRisVVNRPWR ZNP[ssVV
@ORPQL][yLRisVVNSRV, xqssVgRiLRi LiRssVV][
rygRisRVVsV. [NRPVs xmsWssVV
sVVLiRRV.
C gRiLiR xmshjissVVsLik sRVsVsVVsV Li
sLjis ysRVLiyR sR xmsLiNRPV sRVsV.
@RU xmsoRdsV\|ms sVLRi ssRLjiLis
$xqsybPs[sWgkisVQ\ sLSVsV.
xmsLRisVbPs[s $gRiVLRiV
bP}tsQ[RLi xqsybPs[s[e
LRi[RV sWRsy
sxqsydsV NRPXM xmspLSee 95
yee $ xmsLRisVbPs[LiRxqsLRixqs*RV bPxtsvRV
xqsybPs[LiRVRV CsRsVVgS LRiLis
'ARsysxqssVV' @s gRiLiRsVV
xqssWxmsQ\sVsj. xmspLRiQ\sVsj.
ssLRisVV:-

"xqsLiryLRisVs xqsVTgRiVLiRsVVs NTP DNTPLji

NTPLji RVgRiVRVs J [NRPsW! ds RVMsVV
]gRiVNRPV, ds sFyLSsLiRyLSbP[ [RVNRPV
Rgjis sWLRisVV zmss, y xmsV
xmspLRiQ\sVsj.
C sWLRisVVsV @sVxqsLjiLi ZaP[RVsVVLiRV
dssLiRV dssLiRV xmss sLis[ ALRiLiLixmsosVV'.
c@s Dxms[aRPsVV.
xmsLRisVxLixqs xmsLjiyNSyLRiVV
$ xmsLRisVbPs[LiR xmspFyRV bPxtsvV
@LiVVs, $ xqsybPs}LiRVV
LRiLis ARsRRWsxqssVV
xqsLixmspLRisVV.
-: aRPVLi WRW`:-