vos Monon Mor complet picture of this Roman ary, sls “connet” many eons ‘sd additonal airy units with the phn in nea” Tithe pas, scholars studied te magne ofthe Baka Wa by ‘wing a quantitative approach, On the one hand they resewed thea ‘er of legions, aula uns, and Roman sods who Took prt nthe ‘sarang, onthe other hand, they scored the mune of ews nae 005 and ther eae caus Tn my book onthe Bar-Kathhe Revol: Extent and Effet, pu Ihe in Hebrew in 1991, one of the major chapters ofthe bovk was Chapter 2: "The Tesora Extent ofthe revolt = Its Putpants aod Opposition” The discussion focused on the selon inated the Jewish populaon daring the revolt Gulls, the Valey of feel the Coastal Pan, Samaria, Judsea, Jerusalem, and the contebation 10 the revolt made by the non-ewsh population in Eretz Ise: Samar ‘sos, Christns, Jewih-Chratins and pagans. Farbermor, re sewed the composiion and strength of the Romaa army in aca Teanser the yes 70-135 CE, ina seve of article about the legos tnd aulaty us tht took part in crushing the Second Revolt 132 196 CES “The research rogading the Bar-Kokhb Revolt published since the appearance of my work did not concentrate onthe subet of the eee raphical extent of te revot® However over the ast wo ea the has been areneval of intrest in the subj, and some chaypubletions Tata ese este St nee ave aes et eee Seles Eee ee ae SS cis Roo tate a eet ere Ne ea ey wrt yp rss Dart Kenaely (ask, The Defence of he Rema ant Byzon Bast. raced pers as aeecarea Sie a Seacrest ha seme scimeateho e ences aaa aa Pe Mera Mor, "The Roman Lego nd te Bar Kol Reoh (32-135 ee ee ee ae ea qo een cane inmeeerera ee EGE dues penceeirencier Gee Hehe eee hat comic aes ‘Ph Grp! Sy te Ban ths Ra 1 1m the extent ofthe et were publhed by Werner Bat? and move inthis atl T wll discus some ofthe arguments and assumptions ‘cated to sues concerning the sae and the exten of te Ba Rothe Revolt from the Roman point of we. MY remarks wil many ence trate on questions abou the stength of he Roman amy an lead ship, and queres about the geographical scope ofthe revolt Various ares have been writen about the Roman pont of view toward the revolt in Tuan. Eek sy, meyer, ferent, He fe views the eltent gd eet of the Bar-Kokhbe rel from a silent ‘angle than the quatitative one T mentioned shove. laste e examin tbe suength ofthe Second Revolt trough insiihale ~ the comma ers who beaded the army against the ewishiasurgent. Ecks main inert isin the general question: How dh the Romaas preset ond ‘alate the victory in Judae’ In addition, he considers eter subject Sih a Hadrian’ response tothe events in Feds, the lary eto faker by the Romans to rush the evl, and the googapical ope thermo Eck divides the revolt into to pss: I the fin, the Jewish rebels Id impresine victories over the Reman my, whih sllered ny ‘sues This ceed a state of emergency that drove Haina ine. i aie yc WES sore Ipc crest ‘i epome ati oman thin Nase Nope’ Line ony Sonceateanmae oer forces QE cmeecane cel Somianne “Stra Bao, Ham Exe "The Geognshial Debt 9¢ the Har Kath Seah ha ele ata gos ter TERESOES er iene Therion Thin cere se Paratha eee [47 Simos Appa, Panto wen Sec ons Rat, S13 (6 SAP urie Ta eomecre enna,10 Mecho Mor ‘ee more intensively in order to subdue the revolt, ‘Thersfory inthe ‘esond phase Hadrian tusfrred Jour Sentus his most srr mil tary and administrative commands, fom Briain to Dudses to com. ‘mand the Roman military offensive that ed to the venta sapresion Sf the revo According to Eck, thse creamaances an the ay He rian raced t the revo demonstrate the magnitude ofthe Second Revolt Eck evaluated the strength ofthe revot through the following fates 1. The extraordinary transfer ofthe governor of Brain, Sextus Severus, to command the Roma army in Judien. IL. Mandstory recruitment ia diferent repons of te empire as ev deace ofthe shortage of soldiers probably resuling fom military Fares daring the revo UL. The bestoning of high military ornaments on the governors of the neighboring provinces: Syia and Arabi. This could be vewed 2s possible evdene of thei distinction i the revolt id maybe as a Indication of the partcpation ofthe ews nts provines i the ret 1. The inscription from Te Shale sgh othe events inthe region of Te Shalem and the Galee ¥. The changing of th name of the provins from uaa to Syit- Palusting wasn unusual punishment, which rv theses te sms of de Emperor tothe events ia Juche, 1 what follows wl review these factors separately. 1 Dio Cass, Roman History, $9: 12-14 {Ain the Romans took wo acu of ther Soop, omen flues ha toi ned op rie ws eure sowing Spo dtabuice ee [items peer td hing edn of get hese Rana psy Strand purty by owt a muy ene natin, et ooy {wow eames or nae he worth one sas yw ag he oer the mater Tha nd, Mary ne glee hop sr if tw he Soo ws dpe fom ia, he “The excerpt cit above is by Cassius Dio, 160-280 CF; the Byzsatne monk Xiphtaus, whe vedi te seventh century, probly remote "Se lo Cena Raman Hy, 512-4 rated y Exe ‘us i Combe MA Has Toray Pe 1 Th Gngupic Se of te Bah a ‘The autem ofthis source Is questionable Nevertheless, Bek tree ted tas auhent evidence that deseibes te el a4 majr challenge forthe Roman army, It maintains that Roman self-see and pride were injred by the temerity ofa sal nation and inspnfant prin hat ‘ated to revolt forthe died tine. Thos felngs were arated by the iiary Tare of he fst phase of the rele ands fv yen Guta ‘ek emphasized these words of Casas Div ‘hen, dean sot sa hen hi es oral Pe of ee ws ‘al Sven noe the or Hr. ek be spore vest ielew He argues that he past stovians ofthe Seon Revolt ignored thse words ahout Hadrian Sending his bes! general gina the lew, Genera in plum, though Cassius Dio continues to dserte only one oft, ‘Sextus Jus Severus Jui Severus the governor of the province Be stan, was sent to Judea to crush the Jewish reo His mitary ‘cheverents im Judaca earned him the highest miliary decorations the mame tampa ‘The career of Tubs Severus is impesive. He hl some military p= pointinens in Upper Panna dering the yeas 120-136, Adena he tes the governor ofa practosan province, Upper Dacin. In 127 he as Cons Retwen 128-132, he served as gorernor of» eensarprovinee in Lower Messi. Laie he was transfecred to Britain whe he ha thre Tegions und 0 aor ua under hit miitary command Ten fet ah eter et a ei se ate ya, ei he einem eek ac suemmt a (acces ka asia na daa tes ° Sor ck. TE note 9, who, tes: Yaros El, “Ha eee Sioa same tian Ragone Best et ed pa inte mater Despie this Eck wie thats “Ts iw the uo Ss RCL Itt ers ‘a Crars of ama Sy ra age Spt Sons Bon Dr Real eh ee ere eae Seas en ie oe eae Sar cor ee ee ee sebastien ets one