Professional Documents
Culture Documents
www.ibnalkhatib2.canalblog.com
ذ.אאل
ﻨﺘﻭﻓﺭ ﻋﻠﻰ ﻤﺤﻠﻭﻝﻴﻥ ﻤﺎﺌﻴﻴﻥ S1ﻭ S2ﻝﻬﻤﺎ ﻨﻔﺱ ﺍﻝﺘﺭﻜﻴﺯ . C = 5,0.10-2 mol.L-1
: S1ﻤﺤﻠﻭل ﺤﻤﺽ ﺍﻝﺒﺭﻭﻤﻴﺩﺭﻴﻙ ﺫﻭ pH =1,3
: S2ﻤﺤﻠﻭل ﺤﻤﺽ ﺍﻷﺴﻜﻭﺭﺒﻴﻙ ) (Vitamine Cﺫﻭ pH = 2,7
(1ﺃﻜﺘﺏ ﺍﻝﻤﻌﺎﺩﻝﺔ ﺍﻝﻌﺎﻤﺔ ﻝﺘﻔﺎﻋل ﺒﻴﻥ ﺤﻤﺽ AHﻭﺍﻝﻤﺎﺀ .
(2ﺃﻨﺸﺊ ﺍﻝﺠﺩﻭل ﺍﻝﻭﺼﻔﻲ ﻝﺘﻁﻭﺭ ﺍﻝﻤﺠﻤﻭﻋﺔ ﺍﻝﻜﻴﻤﻴﺎﺌﻴﺔ ﺒﺎﺴﺘﻌﻤﺎل ﺍﻝﺘﻘﺩﻡ ،ﻤﻊ ﺍﻋﺘﺒﺎﺭ CAHﺘﺭﻜﻴﺯ ﺍﻝﺤﻤﺽ ﺍﻝﻤﺴﺘﻌﻤل ﻭ V= 100mlﺤﺠﻡ
ﺍﻝﻤﺤﻠﻭل ﺍﻝﻤﺴﺘﻌﻤل
(3ﺒﺎﺴﺘﻐﻼل ﺍﻝﺠﺩﻭل ﺍﻝﻭﺼﻔﻲ :
( 1.3ﺒﻴﻥ ﺃﻥ ﺘﺤﻭل ﺤﻤﺽ ﺍﻝﺒﺭﻭﻤﻴﺩﺭﻴﻙ ﻓﻲ ﺍﻝﻤﺎﺀ ﺘﺤﻭل ﻜﻠﻲ .
(2.3ﺃﻜﺘﺏ ﻤﻌﺎﺩﻝﺔ ﺍﻝﺘﻔﺎﻋل ﺍﻝﺘﻲ ﺘﻨﻤﺫﺝ ﻫﺫﺍ ﺍﻝﺘﺤﻭل .
(4ﺒﺎﺴﺘﻐﻼل ﺍﻝﺠﺩﻭل ﺍﻝﻭﺼﻔﻲ :
(1.4ﺃﻭﺠﺩ ﻨﺴﺒﺔ ﺍﻝﺘﻘﺩﻡ ﺍﻝﻨﻬﺎﺌﻲ ﻝﻠﺘﻔﺎﻋل ﺒﻴﻥ ﺤﻤﺽ ﺍﻷﺴﻜﻭﺭﺒﻴﻙ ﻭﺍﻝﻤﺎﺀ .
(2.4ﻤﺎﺫﺍ ﺘﺴﺘﻨﺘﺞ ؟ ﺃﻜﺘﺏ ﺇﺫﻥ ﻤﻌﺎﺩﻝﺔ ﻫﺫﺍ ﺍﻝﺘﻔﺎﻋل .
(5ﻴﺅﺩﻱ ﺍﻝﺘﺤﻭل ﺍﻝﻤﺩﺭﻭﺱ ﻓﻲ ﺍﻝﺴﺅﺍل 4 :ﺇﻝﻰ ﺘﻭﺍﺯﻥ ﻜﻴﻤﻴﺎﺌﻲ .
(1.5ﻓﺴﺭ ﻤﺠﻬﺭﻴﺎ ﻜﻴﻑ ﺘﺘﺤﻘﻕ ﺤﺎﻝﺔ ﺍﻝﺘﻭﺍﺯﻥ
(2.5ﺃﺠﺭﺩ ﺍﻷﻨﻭﺍﻉ ﺍﻝﻜﻴﻤﻴﺎﺌﻴﺔ ﺍﻝﺤﺎﻀﺭﺓ ﻓﻲ ﺍﻝﻤﺤﻠﻭل S2ﺘﺭﺍﻜﻴﺯﻫﺎ .
ﻤﻌﻁﻴﺎﺕ :ﺍﻝﻤﺯﺩﻭﺠﺎﺕ :ﻗﺎﻋﺩﺓ /ﺤﻤﺽ HBr/Br - ; C6H8O6/ C6H7O6- :
−
AH + H 2O → A aq + H 3O + aq
(1
ﺍﻝﺠﺩﻭل ﺍﻝﻭﺼﻔﻲ: (2
ل ا
x CAH.V- X و X X
)(mol
ا
x = x max CAH.V- Xmax و Xmax Xmax
ا )(mol
ا
x=xf CAH.V- Xf و Xf Xf
ا
)(mol
(3ﺍﺴﺘﻐﻼل ﺍﻝﺠﺩﻭل ﺍﻝﻭﺼﻔﻲ :
(1.3ﻝﻜﻲ ﻨﺒﻴﻥ ﺃﻥ ﺍﻝﺘﺤﻭل ﺍﻝﻜﻴﻤﻴﺎﺌﻲ ﻜﻠﻲ ،ﻴﺠﺏ ﺃﻥ ﻨﺒﻴﻥ ﺃﻥ Xmax=X f
ﺤﺴﺎﺏ Xmaxﻤﻥ ﺍﻝﺠﺩﻭل CAH.V- Xmax= 0ﻭﻤﻨﻪ Xmax = CAH.V = 5.10-2. 0,1 = 5.10-3 mol :
ﺤﺴﺎﺏ Xfﻫﻲ ﺘﺤﺩﺩ ﺍﻨﻁﻼﻗﺎ ﻤﻥ ﻗﻴﺎﺱ pH = 1,3 :ﻝﻨﺤﺩﺩ ﺘﺭﻜﻴﺯ ﺃﻴﻭﻨﺎﺕH3O+
. [H 3O + ] f = 10-pH =10-1,3=5,0.10-2 mol.L-1
[ ]
⇒ n f ( H 3O + ) = H 3O + .V = 5,0.10 −2.0,1 = 5,0.10 −3 mol
Xmax =X f ⇔ τ = 1 = 100 0 0
+
→ H 3 Oaq + Br − aq
HBr + H 2 O (2.3ﻤﻌﺎﺩﻝﺔ ﺍﻝﺘﻔﺎﻋل :
(4ﺍﺴﺘﻐﻼل ﺍﻝﺠﺩﻭل ﺍﻝﻭﺼﻔﻲ :
ﺍﻝﺠﺩﻭل ﺍﻝﻭﺼﻔﻲ
ا ا
x=0 CAH.V و 0 0
ل ا
x CAH.V- X و X X
)(mol
ا
x = x max CAH.V- Xmax و Xmax Xmax
ا )(mol
ا
x=xf CAH.V- Xf و Xf Xf
ا
)(mol
(1.4
] [H O
3
+
f
= 10 − pH = 10 −2,7 = 2.10 −3 mol.L−1
ﺃ -ﺤﺴﺎﺏ : Xf
[ ]
X f = n f = H 3O + f .V = 2.10 −3.0,1 = 2.10 −4 mol
Xmax = CAH.V = 5.10-2. 0,1 = 5.10-3 mol :: ﺏ – ﺤﺴﺎﺏ
−4
Xf 2.10
=τ = −3
ﻨﺴﺒﺔ ﺍﻝﺘﻘﺩﻡ ﺍﻝﻨﻬﺎﺌﻲ ﻝﻠﺘﻔﺎﻋل = 4.10 −2 = 4 0 0 :
X max 5.10
(2.4ﻨﺴﺒﺔ ﺍﻝﺘﻘﺩﻡ ﺃﺼﻐﺭ ﻤﻥ 1ﻭﻤﻨﻪ ﺍﻝﺘﻔﺎﻋل ﺍﻝﺤﺎﺼل ﺒﻴﻥ ﺤﻤﺽ ﺍﻷﺴﻜﻭﺭﺒﻴﻙ ﻭﺍﻝﻤﺎﺀ ﺘﻔﺎﻋل ﻏﻴﺭ ﻜﻠﻲ ﻭﻤﺤﺩﻭﺩ
(5ﺍﻝﺘﻭﺍﺯﻥ ﺍﻝﻜﻴﻤﻴﺎﺌﻲ
(1.5ﻨﻘﻭل ﺃ ،ﺍﻝﻤﺠﻤﻭﻋﺔ ﺍﻝﻜﻴﻤﻴﺎﺌﻴﺔ ﻓﻲ ﺤﺎﻝﺔ ﺘﻭﺍﺯﻥ ﺇﺫﺍ ﺒﻘﻴﺕ ﺘﺭﺍﻜﻴﺯﻫﺎ ﺜﺎﺒﺘﺔ ﺨﻼل ﺍﻝﺯﻤﻥ ﻭﻴﻔﺴﺭ ﺫﻝﻙ ﺒﻜﻭﻥ ﻤﺎ ﻴﺘﻜﻭﻥ ﻓﻲ
ﺍﻝﺘﻔﺎﻋل ﺍﻝﻤﺒﺎﺸﺭ ﻤﻥ ﺃﻱ ﻨﻭﻉ ﻜﻴﻤﻴﺎﺌﻲ ﻓﻲ ﺍﻝﺘﻔﺎﻋل ﺍﻝﻤﺒﺎﺸﺭ ﻴﺨﺘﻔﻲ ﻓﻲ ﺍﻝﺘﻔﺎﻋل ﺍﻝﻌﻜﻭﺱ .
(2.5ﺘﺭﺍﻜﻴﺯ ﺍﻷﻨﻭﺍﻉ ﺍﻝﻜﻴﻤﻴﺎﺌﻴﺔ ﻋﻨﺩ ﺍﻝﺘﻭﺍﺯﻥ :ﻤﻤﺎ ﺴﺒﻕ (1.4
H3Oﻭ ) C6H7O6ﻝﻬﻤﺎ ﻨﻔﺱ ﺍﻝﺘﻘﺩﻡ ( Xf
- +
] [H O ] = [C H O
3
+
f 6 7 6
−
f
= 10− pH = 10−2,7 = 2.10−3 mol.L−1
ﻝﺤﺴﺎﺏ ﺘﺭﻜﻴﺯ [C 6 H 8O6 ] f
ا
] [C 6 H 8 O 6 ]0 = [C 6 H 8 O 6 ا
] + [C 6 H 8 O 6
ا
] [C 6 H 8 O 6 ا
] = [C 6 H 8 O 6 ]0 − [C 6 H 8 O 6 = 5 . 10 − 2 − 2 . 10 − 3 = 4 ,8 . 10 − 2 mol
L −1