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‫ذ‪.‬אאل  ‬

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‫ﻨﺘﻭﻓﺭ ﻋﻠﻰ ﻤﺤﻠﻭﻝﻴﻥ ﻤﺎﺌﻴﻴﻥ ‪ S1‬ﻭ ‪ S2‬ﻝﻬﻤﺎ ﻨﻔﺱ ﺍﻝﺘﺭﻜﻴﺯ ‪. C = 5,0.10-2 mol.L-1‬‬
‫‪ : S1‬ﻤﺤﻠﻭل ﺤﻤﺽ ﺍﻝﺒﺭﻭﻤﻴﺩﺭﻴﻙ ﺫﻭ ‪pH =1,3‬‬
‫‪ : S2‬ﻤﺤﻠﻭل ﺤﻤﺽ ﺍﻷﺴﻜﻭﺭﺒﻴﻙ )‪ (Vitamine C‬ﺫﻭ ‪pH = 2,7‬‬
‫‪ (1‬ﺃﻜﺘﺏ ﺍﻝﻤﻌﺎﺩﻝﺔ ﺍﻝﻌﺎﻤﺔ ﻝﺘﻔﺎﻋل ﺒﻴﻥ ﺤﻤﺽ ‪ AH‬ﻭﺍﻝﻤﺎﺀ ‪.‬‬
‫‪ (2‬ﺃﻨﺸﺊ ﺍﻝﺠﺩﻭل ﺍﻝﻭﺼﻔﻲ ﻝﺘﻁﻭﺭ ﺍﻝﻤﺠﻤﻭﻋﺔ ﺍﻝﻜﻴﻤﻴﺎﺌﻴﺔ ﺒﺎﺴﺘﻌﻤﺎل ﺍﻝﺘﻘﺩﻡ ‪ ،‬ﻤﻊ ﺍﻋﺘﺒﺎﺭ ‪ CAH‬ﺘﺭﻜﻴﺯ ﺍﻝﺤﻤﺽ ﺍﻝﻤﺴﺘﻌﻤل ﻭ‪ V= 100ml‬ﺤﺠﻡ‬
‫ﺍﻝﻤﺤﻠﻭل ﺍﻝﻤﺴﺘﻌﻤل‬
‫‪ (3‬ﺒﺎﺴﺘﻐﻼل ﺍﻝﺠﺩﻭل ﺍﻝﻭﺼﻔﻲ ‪:‬‬
‫‪ ( 1.3‬ﺒﻴﻥ ﺃﻥ ﺘﺤﻭل ﺤﻤﺽ ﺍﻝﺒﺭﻭﻤﻴﺩﺭﻴﻙ ﻓﻲ ﺍﻝﻤﺎﺀ ﺘﺤﻭل ﻜﻠﻲ ‪.‬‬
‫‪ (2.3‬ﺃﻜﺘﺏ ﻤﻌﺎﺩﻝﺔ ﺍﻝﺘﻔﺎﻋل ﺍﻝﺘﻲ ﺘﻨﻤﺫﺝ ﻫﺫﺍ ﺍﻝﺘﺤﻭل ‪.‬‬
‫‪ (4‬ﺒﺎﺴﺘﻐﻼل ﺍﻝﺠﺩﻭل ﺍﻝﻭﺼﻔﻲ ‪:‬‬
‫‪ (1.4‬ﺃﻭﺠﺩ ﻨﺴﺒﺔ ﺍﻝﺘﻘﺩﻡ ﺍﻝﻨﻬﺎﺌﻲ ﻝﻠﺘﻔﺎﻋل ﺒﻴﻥ ﺤﻤﺽ ﺍﻷﺴﻜﻭﺭﺒﻴﻙ ﻭﺍﻝﻤﺎﺀ ‪.‬‬
‫‪ (2.4‬ﻤﺎﺫﺍ ﺘﺴﺘﻨﺘﺞ ؟ ﺃﻜﺘﺏ ﺇﺫﻥ ﻤﻌﺎﺩﻝﺔ ﻫﺫﺍ ﺍﻝﺘﻔﺎﻋل ‪.‬‬
‫‪ (5‬ﻴﺅﺩﻱ ﺍﻝﺘﺤﻭل ﺍﻝﻤﺩﺭﻭﺱ ﻓﻲ ﺍﻝﺴﺅﺍل ‪ 4 :‬ﺇﻝﻰ ﺘﻭﺍﺯﻥ ﻜﻴﻤﻴﺎﺌﻲ ‪.‬‬
‫‪ (1.5‬ﻓﺴﺭ ﻤﺠﻬﺭﻴﺎ ﻜﻴﻑ ﺘﺘﺤﻘﻕ ﺤﺎﻝﺔ ﺍﻝﺘﻭﺍﺯﻥ‬
‫‪ (2.5‬ﺃﺠﺭﺩ ﺍﻷﻨﻭﺍﻉ ﺍﻝﻜﻴﻤﻴﺎﺌﻴﺔ ﺍﻝﺤﺎﻀﺭﺓ ﻓﻲ ﺍﻝﻤﺤﻠﻭل ‪ S2‬ﺘﺭﺍﻜﻴﺯﻫﺎ ‪.‬‬
‫ﻤﻌﻁﻴﺎﺕ ‪ :‬ﺍﻝﻤﺯﺩﻭﺠﺎﺕ‪ :‬ﻗﺎﻋﺩﺓ ‪/‬ﺤﻤﺽ ‪HBr/Br - ; C6H8O6/ C6H7O6- :‬‬

‫‪−‬‬
‫‪AH + H 2O → A‬‬ ‫‪aq‬‬ ‫‪+ H 3O + aq‬‬
‫‪(1‬‬
‫ﺍﻝﺠﺩﻭل ﺍﻝﻭﺼﻔﻲ‪:‬‬ ‫‪(2‬‬

‫اد‬ ‫‪AH‬‬ ‫‪+‬‬ ‫‪H2O‬‬ ‫→‬ ‫‪A-‬‬ ‫‪+‬‬ ‫‪H 3 O+‬‬


‫ا  ا
‬ ‫‪x=0‬‬ ‫‪CAH.V‬‬ ‫و‬ ‫‪0‬‬ ‫‪0‬‬

‫ل ا‬
‫‪x‬‬ ‫‪CAH.V- X‬‬ ‫و‬ ‫‪X‬‬ ‫‪X‬‬
‫)‪(mol‬‬

‫ا ‬
‫‪x = x max‬‬ ‫‪CAH.V- Xmax‬‬ ‫و‬ ‫‪Xmax‬‬ ‫‪Xmax‬‬
‫ا )‪(mol‬‬

‫ا ‬
‫‪x=xf‬‬ ‫‪CAH.V- Xf‬‬ ‫و‬ ‫‪Xf‬‬ ‫‪Xf‬‬
‫ا
 )‪(mol‬‬
‫‪ (3‬ﺍﺴﺘﻐﻼل ﺍﻝﺠﺩﻭل ﺍﻝﻭﺼﻔﻲ ‪:‬‬
‫‪ (1.3‬ﻝﻜﻲ ﻨﺒﻴﻥ ﺃﻥ ﺍﻝﺘﺤﻭل ﺍﻝﻜﻴﻤﻴﺎﺌﻲ ﻜﻠﻲ ‪ ،‬ﻴﺠﺏ ﺃﻥ ﻨﺒﻴﻥ ﺃﻥ ‪Xmax=X f‬‬
‫ﺤﺴﺎﺏ ‪ Xmax‬ﻤﻥ ﺍﻝﺠﺩﻭل ‪ CAH.V- Xmax= 0‬ﻭﻤﻨﻪ ‪Xmax = CAH.V = 5.10-2. 0,1 = 5.10-3 mol :‬‬
‫ﺤﺴﺎﺏ ‪ Xf‬ﻫﻲ ﺘﺤﺩﺩ ﺍﻨﻁﻼﻗﺎ ﻤﻥ ﻗﻴﺎﺱ ‪ pH = 1,3 :‬ﻝﻨﺤﺩﺩ ﺘﺭﻜﻴﺯ ﺃﻴﻭﻨﺎﺕ‪H3O+‬‬
‫‪. [H 3O + ] f = 10-pH =10-1,3=5,0.10-2 mol.L-1‬‬
‫[‬ ‫]‬
‫‪⇒ n f ( H 3O + ) = H 3O + .V = 5,0.10 −2.0,1 = 5,0.10 −3 mol‬‬
‫‪Xmax =X f ⇔ τ = 1 = 100 0 0‬‬
‫‪+‬‬
‫‪→ H 3 Oaq + Br − aq‬‬
‫‪HBr + H 2 O ‬‬ ‫‪ (2.3‬ﻤﻌﺎﺩﻝﺔ ﺍﻝﺘﻔﺎﻋل ‪:‬‬
‫‪ (4‬ﺍﺴﺘﻐﻼل ﺍﻝﺠﺩﻭل ﺍﻝﻭﺼﻔﻲ ‪:‬‬
‫ﺍﻝﺠﺩﻭل ﺍﻝﻭﺼﻔﻲ‬

‫اد‬ ‫‪C6H8O6‬‬ ‫‪+ H2 O‬‬ ‫→‬ ‫‪C6H7O6-‬‬ ‫‪+ H 3 O+‬‬

‫ا  ا
‬ ‫‪x=0‬‬ ‫‪CAH.V‬‬ ‫و‬ ‫‪0‬‬ ‫‪0‬‬

‫ل ا‬
‫‪x‬‬ ‫‪CAH.V- X‬‬ ‫و‬ ‫‪X‬‬ ‫‪X‬‬
‫)‪(mol‬‬

‫ا ‬
‫‪x = x max‬‬ ‫‪CAH.V- Xmax‬‬ ‫و‬ ‫‪Xmax‬‬ ‫‪Xmax‬‬
‫ا )‪(mol‬‬

‫ا ‬
‫‪x=xf‬‬ ‫‪CAH.V- Xf‬‬ ‫و‬ ‫‪Xf‬‬ ‫‪Xf‬‬
‫ا
 )‪(mol‬‬

‫‪(1.4‬‬
‫] ‪[H O‬‬
‫‪3‬‬
‫‪+‬‬
‫‪f‬‬
‫‪= 10 − pH = 10 −2,7 = 2.10 −3 mol.L−1‬‬
‫ﺃ ‪ -‬ﺤﺴﺎﺏ ‪: Xf‬‬
‫[‬ ‫]‬
‫‪X f = n f = H 3O + f .V = 2.10 −3.0,1 = 2.10 −4 mol‬‬
‫‪Xmax = CAH.V = 5.10-2. 0,1 = 5.10-3 mol ::‬‬ ‫ﺏ – ﺤﺴﺎﺏ‬
‫‪−4‬‬
‫‪Xf‬‬ ‫‪2.10‬‬
‫=‪τ‬‬ ‫=‬ ‫‪−3‬‬
‫ﻨﺴﺒﺔ ﺍﻝﺘﻘﺩﻡ ﺍﻝﻨﻬﺎﺌﻲ ﻝﻠﺘﻔﺎﻋل ‪= 4.10 −2 = 4 0 0 :‬‬
‫‪X max‬‬ ‫‪5.10‬‬
‫‪(2.4‬ﻨﺴﺒﺔ ﺍﻝﺘﻘﺩﻡ ﺃﺼﻐﺭ ﻤﻥ ‪ 1‬ﻭﻤﻨﻪ ﺍﻝﺘﻔﺎﻋل ﺍﻝﺤﺎﺼل ﺒﻴﻥ ﺤﻤﺽ ﺍﻷﺴﻜﻭﺭﺒﻴﻙ ﻭﺍﻝﻤﺎﺀ ﺘﻔﺎﻋل ﻏﻴﺭ ﻜﻠﻲ ﻭﻤﺤﺩﻭﺩ‬
‫‪ (5‬ﺍﻝﺘﻭﺍﺯﻥ ﺍﻝﻜﻴﻤﻴﺎﺌﻲ‬
‫‪ (1.5‬ﻨﻘﻭل ﺃ‪ ،‬ﺍﻝﻤﺠﻤﻭﻋﺔ ﺍﻝﻜﻴﻤﻴﺎﺌﻴﺔ ﻓﻲ ﺤﺎﻝﺔ ﺘﻭﺍﺯﻥ ﺇﺫﺍ ﺒﻘﻴﺕ ﺘﺭﺍﻜﻴﺯﻫﺎ ﺜﺎﺒﺘﺔ ﺨﻼل ﺍﻝﺯﻤﻥ ﻭﻴﻔﺴﺭ ﺫﻝﻙ ﺒﻜﻭﻥ ﻤﺎ ﻴﺘﻜﻭﻥ ﻓﻲ‬
‫ﺍﻝﺘﻔﺎﻋل ﺍﻝﻤﺒﺎﺸﺭ ﻤﻥ ﺃﻱ ﻨﻭﻉ ﻜﻴﻤﻴﺎﺌﻲ ﻓﻲ ﺍﻝﺘﻔﺎﻋل ﺍﻝﻤﺒﺎﺸﺭ ﻴﺨﺘﻔﻲ ﻓﻲ ﺍﻝﺘﻔﺎﻋل ﺍﻝﻌﻜﻭﺱ ‪.‬‬
‫‪ (2.5‬ﺘﺭﺍﻜﻴﺯ ﺍﻷﻨﻭﺍﻉ ﺍﻝﻜﻴﻤﻴﺎﺌﻴﺔ ﻋﻨﺩ ﺍﻝﺘﻭﺍﺯﻥ ‪ :‬ﻤﻤﺎ ﺴﺒﻕ ‪(1.4‬‬
‫‪ H3O‬ﻭ ‪) C6H7O6‬ﻝﻬﻤﺎ ﻨﻔﺱ ﺍﻝﺘﻘﺩﻡ ‪( Xf‬‬
‫‪-‬‬ ‫‪+‬‬
‫] ‪[H O ] = [C H O‬‬
‫‪3‬‬
‫‪+‬‬
‫‪f‬‬ ‫‪6‬‬ ‫‪7‬‬ ‫‪6‬‬
‫‪−‬‬
‫‪f‬‬
‫‪= 10− pH = 10−2,7 = 2.10−3 mol.L−1‬‬
‫ﻝﺤﺴﺎﺏ ﺘﺭﻜﻴﺯ ‪[C 6 H 8O6 ] f‬‬
‫ا
] ‪[C 6 H 8 O 6 ]0 = [C 6 H 8 O 6‬‬ ‫ا ] ‪+ [C 6 H 8 O 6‬‬
‫ا ] ‪[C 6 H 8 O 6‬‬ ‫ا
] ‪= [C 6 H 8 O 6 ]0 − [C 6 H 8 O 6‬‬ ‫‪= 5 . 10 − 2 − 2 . 10 − 3 = 4 ,8 . 10 − 2 mol‬‬
‫‪L −1‬‬

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