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) ( ) (Calotypes ).(Talbotypes
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) (

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( ) (
) (.
) ( ) (Hurter and Drifeld
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) (Herman Vogel ) (
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) ( .(Panchromatic)) :

) (P.O.P ) (Printing Out Papers
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) .(Gaslight Paper
) ( David Woodward
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. Anastigmatic Lens
William
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) ( .
Miniature Cameras
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) ( / Oskar Baranak
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Detective Camera

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) (
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) (
) (/
) (Evaporograph ) (EVA
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)( .
.

) (
.
.

) (-.

) (
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) ( ) (
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OPTICAL DISTORTIONS
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) ( Barred distortion
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.

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. .
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. .

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) (

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) ( Vignetting

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) (F.No :
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) ( / ) ( / .
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: Supplementary Lenses

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. ):(POS. Supplementary Lenses

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Flash Light Photography

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. / /
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) (.

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.

.
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.

.

: Photogram

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.
) (enlarger

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: Physiograph

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.
) (f11 ) (f10
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.
.

: 3D Photography
) (Stereoscopic Photo graphy scopos , stereos
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).(interpupillary distance

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) (
)(Parallax

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) (
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) ( ) (F.A.Elliot
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.
Maveca ( )

1. Advanced Photography Andreas Feininger.

2. Photo Techinque. H.J.Walls.
3. 35 mm Photo Technique. H.S.Newcombe.
4. The Lecca Way Andrew Matheson.
5. All About Filters C.I.Jacobson.
6. Light for Photography Walter Nurnber
7. Lasers and their Application. M.J.Beesley.
8. Ritsko ( Aian.j ) Lighting for location motion pictures , USA. 1979 P.8.
9. The history of photography Gernsheim helmut.
10. Engineering Optics Habell. K.J.
11. The English Cathedrals Herbert Felton.
12. Faces Before my Camera. Moath. Addf.
13. Physiograms Smith , Leonard.
14. All About Partraits. Wadenoyen , Hugo.
15. All About Partraits. Wadenoyen , Hugo.
16. The History of Photography Beaumont Newhall.
17. The History of Photography. The focal Encyclopedia.