4

(Welding)

(Welding) 2

1. (Gas Welding)


3,200
2. (Arc Welding)
(Arc)

3. (Press Welding Non Fusion Welding)

2

(Spot Welding)
4. TIG (Tungsten Inert Gas Welding)

5. MIG (Metal Inert Gas Welding)

MIG

100

6. (Submerged Arc Welding)

(Granular Flux)

(Gas Welding)
(Gas Welding)

(Filler Metal)

3,200

4.1
( : : 3)

101

4.2
( : :18)
3

1)

1.1
1.2
1.3
2)


2.1
2.2
2.3
3)


3.1
3.2
3.3

102


6,000
Oxyacetylene

4.1

+
3,316 6,000
+
2,500 4,600
+
2,400 4,300
+
2,500 4,500
+
1,750 3,200

1)

2)
3)
4)

5)
6)

103

1. - (Oxy-Acetylene) +
2. + (Oxygen + Hydrogen)
3. + (oxygen + gas)
4. + ()
(oxy- Acetylene flame)

(Oxidizing flame) (Carburizing
flame)






3 3

6,000

3
1. (Neutral Flame)

2. (Carburizing Flame)

104
3. (Oxidizing Flame)

4.3
( : 2545 :154)
6.1.1 (Neutral flame)
Balanced Flame

(1:1)
4.3

4.4
( : 2545 :155)

1 3

16 4

5,900 3,300

6.1.2 (Caburizing Flame)

105
(Reducing Flame)

Acetylene Feather 3

4.5
( : 2545 :155)





5,700 3,150
6.3 (Oxidizing Flame)

(Inner Cone)
6.4

4.6
( : 2545 :156)

106



6,300 (3,400 o C)

-

1.
7.
2.
8.
3.
9.
4.
10.
5.
11.
6.

4.7
( : :30)
1. (Oxygen cylinder)
2
1.1

107
20 300
6 2,200
20
3
1.

2 3,360
10 , , ,




183 Bar
150 Bar
2. ( Oxygen Cylinder Valve )

4.8
( : :31)

108
3. (Safety Cap)

3 1/8
7 11


1.2

2
( 4.4)
2

235

109
4.9
( : :33)

-
-
-
-
-
-
2. (Acetylene cylinder)


Balsa
Wood

300
15


212

110

4.10
( : :38)

-
-

- () 15

-

-

-

3.






-
-
-

111
-

2

1. (Two Stage Regulators )
2

2,200
200 200

4.11
( : :47)

112
4.12
( : :42)
2. (Single Stage Regulators)





4. (Hose)


400

3/16

4.13
( : :52)

-
-
-

113
-
-
-
5. (Welding Torch)

4.14
( : :54)
1. (Control Valves)
2 Fuel

Oxy
2. (Torch Body)

3. (Torch Head)
(Mixing Chamber)
2



2
1. (Equal Pressure Type)

114



1-15 Balanced Pressure

4.15
( : :40)
2. (Injector Type)
Low Pressure Type

115

4.16
( : :41)
(Welding Tip)


0 1

4.17
( : :55)

6. (Welding Goggle)


4 5-6

116

4.18
( : :41)
7. (Tip Cleaner)

4.19
( : :7)
8. (Friction Lighter)

4.20
( : :42)
9. (Wrench)

117

4.21
( : :42)
10. (Filler rods)

1. (Mild Steel)
2. (Cast iron)
3. (Stainless Steel)
4.
5. (Aluminium)
5.1 (Draw)
5.2 (Extruded)
5.3
Mild Steel Stainless Steel
28 ( 100 .)

1/32 ,3/32, 1/8 , 5/32 ,3/16 , , 5/16 ,
3/8
36
28

118
A.W.S
GA-50 , GA- 60 , GB 65 ,GB-56
G A

B

45,50,60,65 1000 PSI
65 1,000 = 65000 PSI

11. (Flux)
American Welding Society (A.W.S)


,

- -
-
-

(Gas Welding Technique)
2

119

4.22 2
( : 2545 :157)




(Right to Left)



3

4.23
( : 2545 :34)

120

3


(Keyhole)
(Penetration)

4.24
( : 2545 :34)

(Running a
Bead)

121
4.25
( : 2545 :159)

1.
2.
3.

4.26
( : 2545 :160)
4.

5.

(Making Beads with Welding Rod)

122

4.27
( : 2545 :161)

4.28
( : 2545 :162)

1.
2.
3. 6.15
4.
5.

123

4.29
( : 2545 :163)

(Making Butt Welds)

4.30
( : 2545 :163)

4.30
( : 2545 :164)

124

4.31
( : 2545 :164)

4.32
( : 2545 :165)

1.
2.

3.
45

(Outside Corner Welds)

125

4.33
( : 2545 :166)

1.

2.

3.

(Lap Welds)

(Oil Fuel Tank)

4.34
( : 2545 :168)

126
1.
2.

(Tee or Fillet Welds)

4.35
( : 2545 :170)

1.

2.

4.36 (Undercut)
( : 2545 :171)

127

4.37 (Beveled Butt Welding)

( : 2545 :172)

1.

2.
3.

128

4.38
( : 2545 :173)

(Arc welding)
2
(Resistance welding) (Arc welding)

10,000 12,000


3
- (Cathode)
- (Anode)
- (Arc Plasma)

129

4.39
( : :58)
( Shielded
Metal Arc Welding)


1.2 .

6,000



(Slag)

130

4.40
( : :3)
(Welding Current)
2
- (Alternating Current : AC)
- (Direct Current : DC)

(AC)

1 0 2
1 1

50 1 50
TIG 6.2 1
0

4.41 1
( : :56)

131
(DC)


100

4.42
( : :56)
(Basic Arc Welding Circuit)

4.43
( : :120)

132


2
1. DCRP (Direct Current Reverse Polarity)

4.44
( : :121)


70 %
30% 70 %

2. DCSP (Direct Current Straight Polarity)

(-) (+)

133
4.45
( : :120)
(Welding Machine Voltage)

2
1. (Open Circuit Voltage)


50-80

2. (Arc Voltage)

20 40
(Welding Equipment)

1. (Welding Machine)
2. (Electrode Holder)
3. (Welding Cable)
4. (Ground Clamps)
5. (Quick -Cable Connector)

134
6. (Helmet)
7. (Safety Hat)
8. (Chipping Hammer)
9. (Wore Brush)
10. (Tongs)
1.

220


1. 50-80
2.
3.

1.1
2
(Constant Current) (Constant Voltage)
1.1.1 (CC)
Stud

1.1.2 (CV)



/

135
1.2


1.2.1 (Generator and Alternator Welding
Maching)



220

4.46
( : :126)

4.47
( : :127)

136

4.48
( : :67)
1.2.2 (Transformer Welding Machines)

(Acr Blow)
2. (Transformer Rectifier
Welding Machines)

(Tig)

137

4.49
( : :128)
3. (Inverter Power Source)



50 2-20

DC AC/DC

4.50
( : :70)
(Selecting a Power Source)

1.
2.
3.
Duty cycle

138
Duty cycle

1. (Cables)
2
(Ground Clamp) (Electrode Holder)

4.51
( : :73)
4.2

, A.W.G
60
100
150
200 300 400
1/0
1
2
4
4
4
(
100
2/0 3/0
1
2
2
2
)
150
3/0 4/0
1/0
1
2
2
200
2/0
1/0
2
2
250
3/0
2/0
1
1
300
4/0
3/0
1/0
1/0
350
3/0
1/0
1/0
400
4/0
2/0
2/0
450
4/0
2/0
2/0
500
(
400
4/0
4/0

139
4/0(2)
4/0(2)
800
4/0(3)
4/0(3)
1200
4/0(4)
4/0(4)
1600

2. (Electrode Holder)

4.52
( : :75)
3. (Ground Clamp)

140

4.53
( : :75)
4. (Cable Connectors)

4.54
( : :76)
5. (Welding Helmets)

2



10

141
4.55 a) b) c)
( : :76)
6. (Chipping Hammer)

7. (Wire Brish)

4.56
( : :77)
8.

142

2
1. (Scratch Method)
2. (Tapping Method)
1. (Scratch Method)

4.57
( : 2545 : 89-90)
2. (Tapping Method)

143

4.58
( : 2545 : 90)
5 (Fire Essentials of Arc Welding)
1. (Correct Electrode)
2. (CorrectCurrent)
3. (Correct Arc Length or Voltage)
4. (Correct Electrode Angle)
5. (CorrectTravel Speed)
1. (Correct Electrode)





2. (Correct Current)

(DCRP DCSP)



Undercut

Overlap

144

4.59
( : 2545 : 92)

4.60 Undercut
( : 2545 : 92)

4.61 Overlap
( : 2545 : 92)
3. (Correct Arc Length or Voltage)

145

4.62 A B C
( 2545 : 93)



4.6

4. (Correct Electrode Angle)

146

4.63
( : 2545 : 94)

5. (Correct Travel Speed)

4.64 (Bead examples)

( : 2545 : 95)
A (Current Voltage and
Speed Normal)

147

B (Current Too Law)

C (Current Too High)
D (Voltage Too Low)
E (Voltage Too High)
F (Speed Too Slow)
G (Speed Too Fast)

(Joint Design)


5 (Five Basic Joint)
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.

(Butt Joint)
(Lap Joint)
(Corner Joint)
(T - Joint)
(Edge Joint)

4.65 5 (BasicTypes of Joints)

( : 2545 : 97)
1. (Butt joint)

148


3/16 (Closed
Butt) (Open Butt)
3/8 (Single-V
Butt Joint)

4.66
( : 2545 : 97)
( )
(Double-V Butt Joint)
(Single-U Butt Joint) -
(Double-U Butt Joint)

4.67
( 2545 : 98)

149

4.68
( : 2545 : 98)
2. (Lap joint)


3

4.69
( : 2545 : 99)

4.70

150
( : 2545 : 99)

4.71
( : 2545 : 99)

4.72
( : 2545 : 100)

151

4.73
( : 2545 : 100)
3. (Corner Joint)

90 (Full
Open Corner Weld) (Half Open Corner
Weld)

(Full Open Corner Weld)

152
(Half Open Corner Weld)

4.74
( : 2545 : 101)

4.75
( : 2545 : 102)

153

4.76
( : 2545 : 102)
4. (T-joint)

90

(Single Pass)
(Multiple Pass)


2
2 2 1 3
2

154

4.77
( : 2545 : 103)
45
60
2 3
2 70 3 30

4.78
( : 2545 : 104)
5. (Edge Joint)

155


(FlangeJoint)

4.79 (Edge joint)

( : 2545 : 105)

4.80
( : 2545 : 105)



4

156
1.
2.
3.
4.

(Flat Position)
(Horizontal Position)
(Vertical Position)
(OverheadPosition)

4.81
( : 2545 : 106)

4.82
( : 2545 : 106)
1. (Flat Welding)

157

4.83
( : 2545 : 107)
90
15 30
90

4.33
( 2545 : 107)

158

4.84
( : 2545 : 108)
2. (Horizontal Welding)


10 20
20

4.85
( : 2545 : 108)
(Sagging)

159

4.86
( : 2545 : 108)

4.87 (Horizontal Pad)

( : 2545 : 109)
3. (Vertical Welding)



(Upword) (Downword)


3/16

160

4.88
( : 2545 : 110)

4.89
( : 2545 : 110)

10 15 15 30

161

4.90
( : 2545 : 111)

4.91
( : 2545 : 111)

4. (Overhead Welding)

162

4.92
( : 2545 : 112)

4.93
( : 2545 : 113)


10 15