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''Human Rights Monitor" published eve
ry year in March

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Orientation Manual
Womens rights in the UN
The UN and the Refugees Human
Rights
HR-Documentation-DH"HR-DossierDH"Info-Pack", update on UN huGman
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Y ~MCG J dh~dG dG fdG dG Y IQOdG , la chronique

La fin du voyage
Premier prisonnier adopt par la section franaise
dAmnesty, victime du rgime tunisien dans les
annes 60, le prsident fondateur de lONG Penal
Reform International, Ahmed Othmani est dcd
accidentellement Rabat, le 8 dcembre. Retour sur
litinraire dun homme libre.
Ahmed Othmani tait toujours entre deux avions. Un
bourreau de travail , tmoigne un proche. Peut-tre
une manire de rattraper le temps pass dans les
geles tunisiennes. Pendant toutes ces annes, cet
opposant

lautoritarisme
de
Bourguiba, premier prisonnier dopinion
bnficier dune action urgente de la
section franaise dAmnesty, sest
attaqu la haine qui aurait pu sourdre
en lui pour la transformer en une force
compacte. Une certitude de la justesse
de sa cause, de la justice de son combat. Alchimie singulire qui puise la
fois dans le sens de lhonneur des
tribus de sa rgion natale, dans une formation intellectuelle forge dans leffervescence de luniversit tunisienne
naissante et dans la vie associative.
Tunisie annes 60. Luniversit de Tunis vient dtre
cre. Il y avait, des profs extraordinaires comme Jean
Gattegno, tmoin mon procs qui sera lui aussi inculp
par la justice tunisienne. Le philosophe Michel Foucault
dont les interventions caustiques drainaient la fois les
tudiants contestataires et lintelligentsia proche du pouvoir. Foucault ma mme cach son domicile lorsque jtais traqu par la police tunisienne. Ahmed rcuse lautoritarisme de la politique tunisienne tout en reconnaissant
certaines avances telles que linterdiction de la polygamie et de la rpudiation de la femme. Il adhre au syndicat tudiant, lUGET, prend du galon et sattire les foudres
des autorits. Sa vie bascule dans la clandestinit. On
jouait au chat et la souris avec la police .
Le chat lemporte. 1968, anne dramatique En aot,
souvre le procs dAhmed devant une juridiction dexception pour complot contre la sret de l?tat, appartenance une organisation non autorise, diffusion de
fausses nouvelles et insultes contre des personnalits
du rgime. Amnesty international envoie un observateur et adopte ltudiant comme prisonnier dopinion.
La sentence tombe : 12 ans de prison.
De France, sa fiance Simone mne le combat pour la
libration dOthmani. Elle lui envoie clandestinement
laffiche symbole que le dessinateur Folon a ralise
pour Amnesty. La torture est terrible : privation de
nourriture et de sommeil, coups de cravaches,
brlures de cigarettes. Quand jai dclar une grve
de la faim, on a introduit la nourriture artificielle par le
nez et par lanus . Ahmed envoie son tmoignage la
section sudoise dAmnesty. Une quinzaine de pages
bouleversantes publies en 1979 dans la revue sartri-

enne Les Temps Modernes. Des comits de libration

fleurissent. Simone a inond tout le monde avec ce
tmoignage, de Bourguiba Kurt Waldheim, le secrtaire gnral de lOnu ! Nous parvenions djouer la
vigilance des gardiens en crivant avec du citron ou du
lait, en utilisant des papiers trs fins que lon glissait
dans les vtements dun tiers, les jours de visite. Mais
de leur ct, ils essayaient de me briser. Un jour, un
policier a urin dans ma bouche pour mhumilier. Ils
nont jamais russi. .
Pas de forfanterie dans cette affirmation. Un sens aigu de la justice, acquis
trs jeune. N en 1943, dans une tribu
semi-nomade de 13 enfants, cest du
haut de ses dix ans quAhmed voit la
violence des militaires franais dtruire
la tente de ses parents, puis les
batailles ranges entre les transhumants et le nouveau pouvoir tunisien qui
tente de les sdentariser. Jai trs tt
appris vivre avec moi-mme. En prison,
lorsque lon vit seul, sans livre ni papier, il
reste une chose faire : rflchir. Alors
on peut prendre de la distance par rapport sa Haine. Je
me suis initi des pratiques de yoga et jai appris perdre connaissance pour courter la souffrance pendant les
tortures. Lun de mes tortionnaires me traitait mme de
salaud parce que je ne criais jamais. Enfin, en aot 1979,
soumis la pression internationale, le prsident
Bourguiba accorde sa grce. Je suis arriv dans ma tribu
14 heures. Les souvenirs sont intacts. Mais lancien
prisonnier ne force pas sur la nostalgie des retrouvailles :
En prison, on vit sur un autre mode temporel et sur un
savoir fig alors quau dehors les choses et les gens
changent. On ne peroit pas tout de suite ce dcalage.
Souvent aprs leuphorie, cest lclatement.
Lhomme sorti de prison nest pas aigri mais aguerri. Il
reprend des tudes dconomie en France, rejoint le
groupe Amnesty de Meudon, fait un enfant La section franaise ma accueilli puis ma dirig vers des
mdecins pour rviser le moteur . Sourire. Jaurais
pu suivre une psychothrapie. Jai refus car je pensais que jarriverais madapter. Sans haine. ? vivre
avec mon pass mme si deux ou trois cauchemars
reviennent sans cesse. Mais je redoutais quon utilise
politiquement ma dmarche chez un psy en associant
cette rsistance un drglement mental. Ahmed
sinvestit six ans au Secrtariat International
dAmnesty comme responsable du dveloppement au
Moyen-Orient et Maghreb, membre du Comit excutif international puis fonde, Penal Reform International
(PRI) en 1989. Cette ONG quil prsidera partir de
1994 lutte pour rformer les conditions pnitentiaires
dans le monde et compte aujourdhui des adhrents
dans plus de 80 pays.
Aurlie Carton

Mawared , Issue 3, Spring 2005

About This Issue
This is the third issue of Mawared, the human rights education (HRE)
magazine published by the Middle East and North Africa Program and
prepared by the Regional Office. This issue is intended to support
human rights defenders (HRDs) and focus on violence against women
(VAW) in armed conflict and Amnesty Int.HRE strategy review.
I. Editorial (p.3)
II. AIs HRE strategy review (pp.4-6)
III. The United Nations and HRE: the world program (p.7)
IV. HRE: a conceptual framework (p.8)
V. HR training for police in the Emirates (p.9)
VI. VAW in conflict (p.10)
VII. Building Partnership in MENA (p.10)
VIII. HRDs (pp.12-13)
IX. Emadeddine Baqi: an interview with a HRD (p.14)
X. Training Opportunities (p.15)
XI. The UN declaration known as declaration on HRDs (pp.16-17)
XII. Profiles of selected national, international and regional NGOs and
resource centers and institutions (p.18-21)
XIII. Website reviews, online resources (p.22-24)
XIV. Book reviews (p.25-27)
XV. HRE activities by sections, structures, groups (p.28)
XVI. HR news (p.29)
XVII. Ahmed Othmani (p.30)

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