Solutions Manual - Chapter 6 Convective Heat and Mass Transfer, 4th Ed.

, Kays, Crawford, and Weigand 6-3 Carry out the necessary algebra to show that Eqs. (6-16) represent the appropriate for the stagnation enthalpy. We combine the definition of stagnation enthalpy following Eq. (6-11),

rev 092004

decompositions

and the two Reynolds decompositions given by Eq. (6-15)

j*

= i*+i*',

i = i+i'

Combining these, along with the Reynolds decomposition for u, yields

Now, expand the velocity term i* = 1+ i' +t(uu)+

(U;u') +t(u'u;)

and collect the time-averaged terms and the fluctuating terms. The result is (6-16), similar to what is found in Ref. 1.

### 'title of data set' ### ### ### ### ### ### ### ### ### ###

hwSp3input

file. txt

s200_S.dat,

### ### ### ### ### ###

turb ml, flat plate, TS(X) neq kgeom kstart mode ktmu ktmtr ktme 1 2 3 2 5 0 3 jsor(l) jsor(2) kbfor jsor(3) jsor(5) jsore 4) 1 1 kfluid kunits 1 1 po rhoc viscoc amolwt gam/cp 101325.0 1.17700 1.83SE-05 00.00 1005.00 prc(l) prc(2) prc(3) prc(4) prc(5) 0.707 nxbc(I) jbc(r,1) jbC(I,2) jbC(I,3) jbc(r,4) jbc(r,5) 2 1 nxbc(E) jbC(E,1) jbC(E,2) jbC(E,3) jbc(E,4) jbC(E,5) 1 2 x(m) rw(m) aux1(m) aux2(m) aux3(m) 1.0000 0.0000000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 3.0000000 1. 0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 am(I,m) fj(r,1,m) fj(r,2,m) fj(I,3,m) fj(r,4,m) fj (r, 5,m) ubI(m) amCE,m) fj(E,l,m) fj(E,2,m) fj(E,3,m) fj(E,4,m) fj (E, 5,m) ubECm) 0.00 0.000 295.0 0.0 15.00 0.0 0.00 0.000 295.0 15.00 0.0 0.0 xstart xend deltax fra enfra 0.2000000 3.000000 0.050 0.010 1. OODE-06 kspace kout kdx kent 2 250 0 1 k1 k2 k3 k4 k5 k6 1 0 0 0 50 0 k7 kS k9 k10 k11 k12 0 0 0 22 0 0 axx bxx cxx gxx dxx exx fxx O.OOOE+OO 2.000E+03 O.OOOE+OO O.OOOE+OO O.OOOE+OO 0.900E+00 -O.OlE+OO dyi rate tstag vapp tuapp epsapp 1. OOOE-Ol 0.0900 300.0 0.00 0.0 0.00

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hw5p3.txt npl kloc 83 0 ### profiles title # s200_5.dat, turb ml, flat plate, TS(X) ### y(i) u(i) fel,i) O.OOOOOOE+OO O.OOOOOOE+OO 2. 950000E+02 2.797286E-06 7.542784E-02 2.950209E+02 2.064647E-Ol 7.656870E-06 2.950572E+02 1. 196708E-05 3.226868E-Ol 2. 950894E+02 4.493658E-Ol 2.951245E+02 1. 666523E-05 2.178627E-05 5.874363E-Ol 2.951628E+02 2.736836E-05 7. 379090E-Ol 2.952045E+02 9.018689E-Ol 2.952500E+02 3.345318E-05 4.008635E-05 1.080468E+OO 2.952995E+02 4. 731792E-05 1. 274910E+OO 2.953535E+02 5.520302E-05 1.486409E+OO 2.954122E+02 6.380269E-05 1.716139E+OO 2.954763E+02 7.318501E-05 1. 965132E+OO 2.955459E+02 8.342659E-05 2.234136E+OO 2. 956216E+02 2.523432E+OO 2.957037E+02 9.461462E-05 2.832611E+OO 1.068494E-04 2.957926E+02 1. 202472E-04 3.160367E+OO 2. 958884E+02 1. 349437E-04 3.504376E+OO 2.959913E+02 2. 961011E+02 1. 510967E-04 3.861318E+OO 4.227092E+OO 2.962172E+02 1. 688884E-04 4. 597169E+OO 1.885260E-04 2.963387E+02 2.102413E-04 4.966997E+OO 2.964642E+02 2. 342890E-04 5.332355E+OO 2.965919E+02 5.689611E+OO 2.967199E+02 2.609450E-04 2.968462E+02 2.905047E-04 6.035860E+OO 6. 368963E+OO 3.232826E-04 2.969690E+02 3.596133E-04 6. 687520E+OO 2.970869E+02 6.990787E+OO 2.971990E+02 3.998527E-04 4.443810E-04 7.278S73E+OO 2.9730S0E+02 ·4.936055E-04 7. 551123E+OO 2.974047E+02 5.479644E-04 7.809010E+OO 2.974983E+02 6.079299E-04 8.053035E+OO 2.975862E+02 6. 740125E-04 8. 284145E+OO 2.976688E+02 7.467651E-04 8.503372E+OO 2.977465E+02 8.267868E-04 8.711777E+OO 2.978199E+02 9.147282E-04 8. 910417E+OO 2.978894E+02 1. 011295E-03 9.100319E+OO 2.979555E+02 9. 282461E+OO 1. 117256E-03 2.980186E+02 9. 457760E+OO 1. 233445E-03 2.980790E+02 9. 627066E+OO 1. 360769E-03 2.981371E+02 1.500216E-03 9. 79I157E+OO 2.98I933E+02 1.652861E-03 9.950733E+OO 2. 982478E+02 1.OlO642E+Ol 1. 819874E-03 2.983008E+02 1.025877E+Ol 2.002531E-03 2.983525E+02 2.202222E-03 1.040824E+Ol 2.984032E+02 2.420463E-03 1.055524E+Ol 2. 984529E+02 2.658910E-03 1.070008E+Ol 2. 985018E+02 2.919372E-03 1.084302E+Ol 2.985500E+02 3.203824E-03 1.098424E+Ol 2.985975E+02 1. 112391E+Ol 2. 986445E+02 3. 514427E-03 3.853550E-03 1. 126I83E+Ol 2.986908E+02 2.98737IE+02 4.223759E-03 1. 139987E+Ol 1.154576E+Ol 4. 628040E-03 2.987859E+02 1.170433E+Ol 2.988391E+02 5.069490E-03 5.551088E-03 1. I87533E+Ol 2. 988963E+02 6.075112E-03 1.205899E+Ol 2. 989579E+02 6. 631236E-03 1. 225079E+Ol 2. 990221E+02 7.197354E-03 1. 244242E+Ol 2. 990864E+02 page 1

fe2,i) O.OOOOOOHOO O.OOOOOOHOO O.OOOOOOE+OO O.OOOOOOE+OO O.OOOOOOE+OO O.OOOOOOE+OO O.OOOOOOE+OO O.OOOOOOE+OO O.OOOOOOE+OO O.OOOOOOE+OO O.OOOOOOE+OO O.OOOOOOE+OO O.OOOOOOE+OO O.OOOOOOE+OO O.OOOOOOE+OO O.OOOOOOE+OO O.OOOOOOE+OO O.OOOOOOE+OO O.OOOOOOE+OO O.OOOOOOE+OO O.OOOOOOE+OO O.OOOOOOE+OO O.OOOOOOE+OO O.OOOOOOE+OO O.OOOOOOE+OO O.OOOOOOE+OO O.OOOOOOE+OO O.OOOOOOE+OO O.OOOOOOE+OO O.OOOOOOE+OO O.OOOOOOE+OO O.OOOOOOE+OO O.OOOOOOE+OO O.OOOOOOE+OO O.OOOOOOE+OO O.OOOOOOHOO O.OOOOOOE+OO O.OOOOOOE+OO O.OOOOOOE+OO O.OOOOOOE+OO O.OOOOOOE+OO O.OOOOOOE+OO O.OOOOOOE+OO O.OOOOOOE+OO O.OOOOOOE+OO O.OOOOOOE+OO O.OOOOOOE+OO O.OOOOOOE+OO O.OOOOOOE+OO O.OOOOOOE+OO O.OOOOOOE+OO O.OOOOOOE+OO O.OOOOOOE+OO O.OOOOOOE+OO O.OOOOOOE+OO O.OOOOOOE+OO O.OOOOOOE+OO O.OOOOOOE+OO

f(3, i) O.OOOOOOE+OO O.OOOOOOE+OO O.OOOOOOE+OO O.OOOOOOE+OO O.OOOOOOE+OO O.OOOOOOE+OO O.OOOOOOE+OO O.OOOOOOE+OO O.OOOOOOE+OO O.OOOOOOE+OO O.OOOOOOE+OO O.OOOOOOE+OO O.OOOOOOE+OO O.OOOOOOE+OO O.OOOOOOE+OO O.OOOOOOE+OO O.OOOOOOE+OO O.OOOOOOE+OO O.OOOOOOE+OO O.OOOOOOE+OO O.OOOOOOE+OO O.OOOOOOE+OO O.OOOOOOE+OO O.OOOOOOE+OO O.OOOOOOE+OO O.OOOOOOE+OO O.OOOOOOE+OO O.OOOOOOE+OO O.OOOOOOE+OO O.OOOOOOE+OO O.OOOOOOE+OO O.OOOOOOE+OO O.OOOOOOE+OO O.OOOOOOE+OO O.OOOOOOE+OO O.OOOOOOE+OO O.OOOOOOE+OO O.OOOOOOE+OO O.OOOOOOE+OO O.OOOOOOE+OO O.OOOOOOE+OO O.OOOOOOE+OO O.OOOOOOE+OO O.OOOOOOE+OO O.OOOOOOE+OO O.OOOOOOE+OO O.OOOOOOE+OO O.OOOOOOE+OO O.OOOOOOE+OO O.OOOOOOE+OO O.OOOOOOE+OO O.OOOOOOE+OO O.OOOOOOE+OO O.OOOOOOE+OO O.OOOOOOE+OO O.OOOOOOE+OO O.OOOOOOE+OO O.OOOOOOE+OO

excel
y(i) 2.80E-06 7.66E-06 1.20E-Os 1.67E-Os 2.18E-Os 2.74E-Os 3.3sE-Os 4.01E-Os 4.73E-05 u(i) 7.54E-02 2.06E-Ol 3.23E-Ol 4.49E-Ol s.87E-01 7.38E-Ol 9.02E-01

C tt /cuhl-t(/(ls
du/dy 2.70E+04 2.70E+04 2.70E+04 2.70E+04 2.70E+04 2.70E+04 2.69E+04 y+ 1.16E-Ol 3.18E-Ol 4.97E-Ol 6.93E-Ol 9.0sE-01 1.14E+00 1.39E+00 1.67E+00 1.97E+00 5.32E-09 3.97E-08 9.66E-08 1.87E-07 3.18E-07 4.99E-07 7.42E-07 1.06E-06 1.47E-06 1.98E-06 2.63E-06 3.44E-06 4.43E-06 s.65E-06 7.13E-06 1.11E-Os 1.38E-Os 1.69E-Os 2.08E-05 2.54E-Os 3.10E-Os 3.77E-05 4.56E-05 5.51E-05 6.63E-05 7.96E-05 9.s1E-05 1.13E-04 1.34E-04 1.59E-04 1.86E-04 2.18E-04 2.53E-04 2.93E-04 3.37E-04 3.87E-04 4.41E-04 5.00E-04 5.64E-04 6.34E-04 7.10E-04 7.92E-04 8.80E-04 9.75E-04 mu_t 8.98E-13 s.OOE-11 2.96E-I0 1.11E-09 3.20E-09 7.90E-09 1.74E-08 3.ssE-08 6.81E-08 1.24E-07 2.17E-07 3.67E-07 6.01E-07 9.s8E-07 1.49E-06 2.2sE-06 3.30E-06 4.74E-06 6.6sE-06 9.11E-06 1.22E-05 1.61E-05 2.09E-05 2.67E-05 3.37E-Os 4.21E-Os s.20E-Os 6.37E-05 7.74E-05 9.32E-Os 1.11E-04 1.32E-04 1.56E-04 1.83E-04 2.13E-04 2.46E-04 2.83E-04 3.23E-04 3.67E-04 4.1sE-04 4.67E-04 5.23E-04 5.82E-04 6.46E-04 7.14E-04 turb shear 2.42E-08 1.3sE-06 7.99E-06 2.98E-Os 8.63E-Os 2.13E-04 4.70E-04 9.s6E-04 1.83E-03 3.32E-03 5.78E-03 9.69E-03 1.57E-02 2.45E-02 3.69E-02 s.37E-02 7.51E-02 1.01E-01 1.31E-01 1.63E-01 1.96E-Ol 2.30E-Ol 2.61E-Ol 2.91E-01 3.18E-01 3.42E-01 3.63E-Ol 3.81E-Ol 3.96E-01 4.09E-01 4.20E-01 4.29E-01 4.37E-01 4.43E-01 4.48E-01 4.s2E-01 4.s5E-01 4.58E-01 4.s9E-01 4.60E-01 4.61E-01 4.60E-01 4.60E-01 4.58E-01 4.57E-01 mol shear 4.96E-Ol 4.96E-Ol 4.96E-Ol 4.96E-Ol 4.96E-Ol 4.95E-Ol 4.95E-Ol 4.9sE-01 4.94E-01 4.92E-01 4.89E-01 4.8sE-01 4.79E-01 4.70E-01 4.57E-01 4.39E-01 4.18E-01 3.91E-01 3.61E-01 3.29E-01 2.9sE-01 2.62E-01 2.30E-01 2.00E-Ol 1.73E-Ol 1.49E-Ol 1.28E-01 1.lOE-01 9.41E-02 8.07E-02 6.93E-02 5.96E-02 5.14E-02 4.45E-02 3.87E-02 3.38E-02 2.96E-02 2.60E-02 2.30E-02 2.04E-02 1.81E-02 1.62E-02 1.45E-02 1.30E-02 1.17E-02 app shear 4.96E-Ol 4.96E-01 4.96E-01 4.96E-01 4.96E-Ol 4.96E-Ol 4.96E-Ol 4.96E-Ol 4.9sE-01 4.95E-01 4.95E-01 4.95E-Ol 4.95E-Ol 4.95E-Ol 4.94E-01 4.94E-01 4.93E-01 4.93E-01 4.92E-01 4.92E-01 4.92E-Ol 4.92E-Ol 4.91E-01 4.91E-01 4.91E-01 4.91E-01 4.91E-01 4.91E-01 4.90E-Ol 4.90E-01 4.90E-Ol 4.89E-Ol 4.89E-Ol 4.88E-Ol 4.88E-Ol 4.87E-01 4.86E-Ol 4.85E-01 4.84E-01 4.82E-01 4.81E-01 4.79E-01 4.77E-01 4.74E-01 4.71E-01 4.68E-01 O.OOE+OOO.OOE+OOO.OOE+OO O.OOE+OO 4.96E-Ol

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Solutions Manual - Chapter 7 Convective Heat and Mass Transfer, 4th Ed., Kays, Crawford, and Weigand 7-1

rev 092004

Consider steady, laminar, constant-property flow in a duct formed by two parallel planes. Let the velocity be uniform at the duct entrance. Calculate the development of the velocity profile in the entry length, using the momentum integral equation (6-4), and an assumption that the velocity profile may be approximated by a constant-velocity segment across the center portion of the duct and by simple parabolas in the growing boundary layer adjacent to the surfaces. Note that the mean velocity, Eq. (7-3), must be a constant, and thus Eq. (7-4) must be satisfied. [Some help in this problem may be obtained from an examination of the development of the momentum integral equation, Eq. (5-8).] Evaluate the hydrodynamic entry length and compare with Eq. 7-23). Let the plate spacing of the channel be a and measure y from the plate surface Reformulate the integral equation (5-4) for a non-axisymmetric geometry (eliminate R) and no transpiration into the boundary layer at the surface ('V., = 0 ), d dx

-1:, =

(f'1pu 2)ely -

UCOj~

d f' dx ( .\) pu ely ) +.\)

fY( -

PUcore ---;;;-

dUcor<) dy

where "core" symbol replaces the "cd' symboL For a velocity profile, consider first the parabola, ...!!.__ =
Um,"

a+b(l...)+c(l...)2 . Three boundary conditions are needed to determine a, b, c. The first will be the 0 0

boundary condition of no-slip, lI(Y = 0) = O. The other two come by applying boundary conditions at the edge of the developing boundary layer within the channel, i.e. the flow between the surface (y = 0) and the core flow (y = 0). Thus, u(y = 5) = lIeQ'" and du] dy at (y = 0) = 0 . The resulting profile is

The velocity profile is substituted into the integrals of the integral equation. The wall shear stress must also be evaluated, following the idea of Eq. (7-9), and using Bq. (3-1). The resulting momentum integral equation becomes

Now, conservation of mass (continuity) must be applied to the channel, assuming constant density,

Va =

(;~<
V

Ja = constant = 2

rudy+
2

2u"". (x)(%-o

and, by substituting the parabolic profile into the integral, and

dll""" =

dx

la(I_~~)2 dx
3a

do

This provides the relationship between the mass-averaged velocity of the channel, V, and the local core velocity. Note that this equation shows how the effect of the no-slip condition (leading to the velocity profile) causes the core velocity to increase, eventually becoming centerline velocity lieu,. = u(y = a12) = I.5V for laminar, constant-density flow in a parallel-planes channel.

Solutions Manual - Chapter 7 Convective Heat and Mass Transfer, 4th Ed., Kays, Crawford, and Weigand

rev 092004

Now comes lots of algebra and plenty of chances to make mistakes. Substituting for the core velocity (and its derivative into the momentum integral equation leads to

30v;=(~av)r 3ao + 70 1 do -a-o )2 dx

(3

Note, here one can separate variables and integrate. Hint: the integrand can be split into two integrals of the fonn

The lower limit of integration will be result is

o( x = 0);=
2vx
aV

0 and the upper limit will be

o(x;= X/d)

;= a/2, and the

zize.:

0.10376748(a/2)

Now reformulate the expression in terms of the hydraulic diameter Reynolds number CEq. 7-17), where D, '" 2 x plate spacing « 2a , leading to
Xfi/

_' ;=16(0.10376748)Rev D), This result, Eq. (7-23),

=-'

ReD 154

(X/ D" )/Rev, = 0.0065,

(x/ o,)/ReD• ;= 0.05

is quite small compared to the published solution for a circular pipe,

Note, had we assumed a sinusoidal shape for the velocity profile (often considered in viscous fluid mechanics texts, along with the parabolic-profile boundary conditions,
II --=sm lIeo" . (" --

20

y)

and the result would be similar (within 5%).

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# # # #
#

7.1.txt TEXSTAN(academic) - Sept 2010 - atex5 s50.5.dat lam entry flow, parallel planes channel, twall(E}=C for the I-wall and E-wall constant props, csubp = 1005.00 x/dh tauw(I) tauw(E) delp cf2(E) cf2(I) 1.2500000E-02 O.OOOE+OO 5.721E-03 O.OOOE+OO 9.607E-02 1.5433E-03 1.0000000E-01 O.OOOE+OO 2.478E-03 O.OOOE+OO 4.160E-02 4.1039E-03 2.0000000E-01 O.OOOE+OO 1.906E-03 O.OOOE+OO 3.200E-02 5.7833E-03 3.0000000E-01 O.OOOE+OO 1.649E-03 . O.OOOE+OO 2.769E-02 7.0855E-03 4.0000000E-01 O.OOOE+OO 1.495E-03 O.OOOE+OO 2.511E-02 8.1930E-03 5.0000000E-01 O.OOOE+OO 1.390E-03 O.OOOE+OO 2.334E-02 9.1768E-03 6.3098899E-01 O.OOOE+OO 1.292E-03 O.OOOE+OO 2.169E-02 1.0352E-02 8 ..348794E-01 O.OOOE+OO 1.180E-03 O.OOOE+OO 1.981E-02 1.2118E-02 5 1.2314264E+00 O.OOOE+OO 1.065E-03 O.OOOE+OO 1.789E-02 1.4702E-02 1.8733957E+00 O.OOOE+OO 9.587E-04 O.OOOE+OO 1.610E-02 1.8408E-02 2.9638499E+00 O.OOOE+OO 8.672E-04 O.OOOE+OO 1.456E-02 2.3675E-02 4.8161041E+00 O.OOOE+OO 7.950E-04 O.OOOE+OO 1.335E-02 3.1168E-02 7.4946755E+00 O.OOOE+OO 7.498E-04 O.OOOE+OO 1.259E-02 4.0401E-02 1.0660362E+01 O.OOOE+OO 7.282E-04 O.OOOE+OO 1.223E-02 5.0266E-02 1.4398884E+01 O.OOOE+OO 7.190E-04 O.OOOE+OO 1.207E-02 6.1332E-02 1.8813897E+01 O.OOOE+OO 7.156E-04 O.OOOE+OO 1.202E-02 7.4123E-02 2.4027812E+01 O.OOOE+OO 7.147E-04 O.OOOE+OO 1.200E-02 8.9121E-02 3.0185180E+01 O.OOOE+OO 7.145E-04 O.OOOE+OO 1.200E-02 L0680E-01 3.7456731E+01 O.OOOE+OO 7.144E-04 O.OOOE+OO 1.200E-02 1.2767E-01 4.6044131E+01 O.OOOE+OO 7.144E-04 O.OOOE+OO 1.200E-02 1.5231E-01 5.5750050E+01 O.OOOE+OO 7.144E-04 O.OOOE+OO 1.200E-02 1.8009E-01 6.5750049E+01 O.OOOE+OO 7.144E-04 O.OOOE+OO 1.200E-02 2.0867E-01 7.5750051E+01 O.OOOE+OO 7.144E-04 O.OOOE+OO 1.200E-02 2.3725E-01 8.5750050E+01 O.OOOE+OO 7.144E-04 O.OOOE+OO 1.200E-02 2.6583E-01 9.5750050E+01 O.OOOE+OO 7.144E-04 O.OOOE+OO 1.200E-02 2.9440E-01 1.0000001E+02 O.OOOE+OO 7.144E-04 O.OOOE+OO 1.200E-02 3.0655E-01

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