Discover millions of ebooks, audiobooks, and so much more with a free trial

Only $11.99/month after trial. Cancel anytime.

El ojo
El ojo
El ojo
Ebook85 pages1 hour

El ojo

Rating: 3.5 out of 5 stars

3.5/5

()

Read preview

About this ebook

Una extraña historia situada en el ambiente típico de las primeras novelas de Nabokov, el universo cerrado de la emigración rusa en la Alemania prehitleriana. En medio de esta burguesía ilustrada y expatriada, Smurov, el protagonista de la historia y suicida frustrado, es unas veces espía bolchevique y otras héroe de la guerra civil; enamorado sin fortuna un día y homosexual al día siguiente.

De modo que, sobre una base de novela de misterio (en la que sobresalen dos escenas memorables, excelsamente nabokovianas: la del librero Weinstock invocando a los espíritus de Mahoma, César, Pushkin y Lenin, y el desgarrador y sospechoso relato de Smurov acerca de su huida de Rusia), Nabokov constituye una narración que va mucho más lejos, porque el enigma a desvelar es el de una identidad capaz de mudar de color con la misma frecuencia que un camaleón.

LanguageEspañol
Release dateMar 1, 1999
ISBN9788433945037
El ojo
Author

Vladimir Nabokov

Vladimir Nabokov (San Petersburgo, 1899-Montreux, 1977), uno de los más extraordinarios escritores del siglo XX, nació en el seno de una acomodada familia aristocrática. En 1919, a consecuencia de la Revolución Rusa, abandonó su país para siempre. Tras estudiar en Cambridge, se instaló en Berlín, donde empezó a publicar sus novelas en ruso con el seudónimo de V. Sirin. En 1937 se trasladó a París, y en 1940 a los Estados Unidos, donde fue profesor de literatura en varias universidades. En 1960, gracias al gran éxito comercial de Lolita, pudo abandonar la docencia, y poco después se trasladó a Montreux, donde residió, junto con su esposa Véra, hasta su muerte. En Anagrama se le ha dedicado una «Biblioteca Nabokov» que recoge una amplísima muestra de su talento narrativo. En «Compactos» se han publicado los siguientes títulos: Mashenka, Rey, Dama, Valet, La defensa, El ojo, Risa en la oscuridad, Desesperación, El hechicero, La verdadera vida de Sebastian Knight, Lolita, Pnin, Pálido fuego, Habla, memoria, Ada o el ardor, Invitado a una decapitación y Barra siniestra; La dádiva, Cosas transparentes, Una belleza rusa, El original de Laura y Gloria pueden encontrarse en «Panorama de narrativas», mientras que sus Cuentos completos están incluidos en la colección «Compendium». Opiniones contundentes, por su parte, ha aparecido en «Argumentos».

Related to El ojo

Titles in the series (100)

View More

Related ebooks

Mystery For You

View More

Related articles

Related categories

Reviews for El ojo

Rating: 3.5635838150289016 out of 5 stars
3.5/5

173 ratings12 reviews

What did you think?

Tap to rate

Review must be at least 10 words

  • Rating: 4 out of 5 stars
    4/5
    This was quite an original and captivating work by Nabokov. The plot is not complex, but the characters are revealed through their actions and interactions with one another as the narrator takes a backseat. I especially liked the flow of the language and found it to be one of the lasting aspects of the work. There were many passages that were splendid and simply wonderful to read for their complexity and poetic nature.A great work. One that should be read for anyone that likes Nabokov.4 stars!
  • Rating: 2 out of 5 stars
    2/5
    I've so often found Nabokov cold, and unengaging. He has done it again, the narrative trick not overcoming my lack of interest in this detective story. This is Nabokov's fourth novel, and was written in 1930. Dimitri Nabokov was Nabokov's son.
  • Rating: 5 out of 5 stars
    5/5
    I've had trouble reading most of Nabokov's novels because they are so ridiculously long. I know it's unprofessional, but I have a short attention span and bad eyesight. But The Eye was one book I could get into. The writing style was dry and detailed. It was a good book about reality, what is and what isn't.
  • Rating: 5 out of 5 stars
    5/5
    In the Berlin of 1925 a Russian emigré, one Smurov, accosted and humiliated by a jealous husband, goes home and shoots himself. What follows is the story of his bifurcated, pseudo-afterlife. As if he weren't mixed up enough, in his dissociative state he has the ill luck to fall in love. Breathtaking narrative patterning here, beautiful in a way simple crystalline forms are beautiful. A marvel that can be read in a single sitting. My second reading, I've upgraded it to 5 stars.
  • Rating: 2 out of 5 stars
    2/5
    After finishing this book I realized I didn't really care that I had read it. As always Nabokov really nailed some of the sentences.

    One particular bit that pleased me:

    "It is amazing to catch another's room by surprise. The furniture froze in amazement when I switched on the light. Somebody had left a letter on the table; the empty envelope lay there like an old useless mother, and the little sheet of note paper seemed to be sitting up like a robust babe."

    I will likely forget this books plot entirely in the next 24 hours...
  • Rating: 5 out of 5 stars
    5/5
    Reading The Eye has fuelled my desire to read everything by Nabokov that I can lay my hands on. Beautifully woven, with a cluster of characters living in their own, claustrophobic social world set the scene for the second act of this book. The Eye is a story about selfhood; about who we are, to ourselves and far more importantly, who we are in the eyes of others. Are we really just one person? Is not the personality of someone largely a mirror of what we contain in ourselves, as opposed to their own thought processes?As usual, Nabokov places the reader in a frame of mind which causes them to explore their own assumptions; not of the outside world, but of that which lay inside.
  • Rating: 4 out of 5 stars
    4/5
    Really enjoyed this book. As always, the language is brilliant, and I think that the character dying and in his rebirth becoming nothing but an amplified reflection of how others see him is fascinating. It's not really very difficult to guess the 'mystery' of the book though, but then it's not really a mystery story I suppose so that's ok. I wish I had the energy to write more but sadly I don't.
  • Rating: 4 out of 5 stars
    4/5
     I read Nabokov's fourth novel this past weekend (and quite quickly—it's a novella) and the connective tissue bonding his Russian works is starting to become manifest. In Mary we were introduced to the Russian emigré crowd; in King, Queen, Knave: grotesque love and the faulty sense of self-worth; in The Luzhin Defense the obsessive swapping of reality with dream-state. The Eye pulls in pieces of all these themes and toys around with a few more, not the least of which is the nature of our existence and a personality as refractive of the perceptions of those around it.That is, can we ever know ourselves—can we ever exist?—as, really, all we are all, as Luzhin contemplates in The Defense: "...as in two mirrors reflecting a candle...only a vista of converging lights..." Luzhin here, too, realizes to some degree that we may all just be the incomplete sum of all of our own reflections off of others' beliefs of us.Oh, there is also a story here, nominally a metaphysical detective plot. Heady stuff for a mere 100 pages. I'm starting to doubt I exist.In The Eye we continue our acquaintance with the generally jovial, mostly borgeois and slightly boorish collection of Russian emigrés. We feel how Nabokov was once part of this motley culture, at once an echo of the Motherland and an aspiring intelligentsia with (sometimes silly) cosmopolitan goals. We first get introduced to this community in Mary. Its importance was less central in King, Queen, Knave (a more German feel) and The Luzhin Defense (slightly more Russian). But it's back perforce in The Eye and will continue on into his next novel chronologically: Glory (at least, based on what I've read of the back flap).Our narrator is a peevish young man in Berlin, a recent Russian immigrant who is serving as the tutor to some snotnosed young boys. He hates it. Despite the lack of anything morally substantial in his life, he seems a preening, over-confident dandy. He takes up with a slightly sloppy mistress, whose husband wises to the liaison and gives the protagonist a summary beating—in front of his pupils. Mortified, he shoots himself.Now ostensibly dead, he spends the following three-quarters of the story living a dream-like extension of the same life. He becomes obsessed with the identity of a young man named Smurov. We're told that Smurov is a fair, wonderful, temperature man who is impeccably well-spoken and generally sensitive. Almost immediately, Smurov's actions belie this and we're left with the duty of deciding what is really happening, or what it means for something to really happen, or, anyway, to peel through the conceit of the narrator's own life and identity.In the narrator's opinion, Smurov only exists as others see him to exist, through their own keyhole perspective into his existence. Each person has their own Smurov-image: pompous fool, liar, latent homosexual, weird, would-be suitor.The narrator explains: We think of ourselves as a knowable collection of things, but, really, we're unbounded, there is no snapshot of knowing that anyone can bundle up. We're all fragmentary refractions of others' glimpses of us (or even unglimpsed shards we will never know about?), unknowable, reduced to the anecdotes and opinions of our observers, which disperse like steam after our corporeal existence ends.As the narrator unfolds Smurov from different angles, he wrangles with other human conditions, stumbling through the agony and ecstasy of unrequited love along the way. We don't care, alas, because his character is so repellant as to make him laughable, not pitiable. Or is it just that we think we understand the narrator's smug shallowness because we've seen 100 pages of its description? Maybe the reader, just like any of the individual watchers of Smurov (or the watcher of the watchers of Smurov) think we know the entirety of him, but merely know one fragment in time, from one specific perch.
  • Rating: 3 out of 5 stars
    3/5
    'The Eye' is something of a puzzle piece, not a who-dunnit but more a who-is-it. It's cleverly worked, and contains some masterful writing by Nabokov, who really knows his way around a pad of paper, but I couldn't help feeling this was too short and too insignificant a piece to credit being published; was it not better suited to a short story collection, or the Playboy issues it first appeared in?
  • Rating: 4 out of 5 stars
    4/5
    A short novel by the famous russian-american writer in which we witness the events taking place after the suicide of the protagonist who lived among a tight group of russian émigrés in 1920's Berlin. He postumously tries to figure out, from the contradictory opinions of those around him, who was a misterious character called Smurov. A beautiful work about the problem of appearences, identity and its social significance.
  • Rating: 4 out of 5 stars
    4/5
    After reading a crazy Japanese book of short stories I jumped into this Nabokov and sputtered and paused and reread sections just to get my mind on the right track. Nabokov is a genius when it comes to stringing words together and I didn't want to skim over them. His words deserved my utmost attention. I loved some of his sentences.The story was interesting. As I type this I'm wondering who I am, who I really am. The Brian that people see. I know what I see but I'm biased. I liked the idea that one continues to live through the memories of others and when that last person who remembers you dies, well, so do you... unless of course you wrote a bunch of books that bear your name in big letters on the front cover or you wrote and performed 'Purple Haze' or you just never die.My favorite part of the story was in the end when the narrator visited the florist and looked into the mirror. I thought that what Nabokov did in those few pages was brilliant. If I say anymore I'll spoil it...Guess I'm putting off Lolita so should get to that soon.
  • Rating: 3 out of 5 stars
    3/5
    Early on in this brief novel, the first-person narrator commits suicide (!) and then, too late, is startled to discover that he has entered into an afterlife that is remarkably similar to the real world he has just left -- even to the point of his needing a job in order to pay for food to eat! Baffled, and quite surprised that such an afterlife existed, he bows to the inevitable and starts putting together a new so-called 'life' by seeking out a new circle of friends, while both he and the reader each try to figure out what is going on in this very realistic spectral existence.In this still-early fourth novel by Nabokov, he introduces the skill that he will subsequently perfect, for artfully deceiving the reader and producing multi-layered and cleverly intertwined story arcs that gain fuller appreciation on second thought. To read a Nabokov novel for the first time, therefore, is not only to enjoy the story but frequently also to accept the author's game-like challenge to discern the complexity of the real story being told. In this slender book, Nabokovians will see yet another step forward in their author's development toward the famous writer he will eventually become.

Book preview

El ojo - Juan Antonio Masoliver Ródenas

Índice

Portada

Prefacio

El ojo

Créditos

A Vera

PREFACIO

El título ruso de esta novelita es (en su transcripción tradicional) Soglyadatay, pronunciado fonéticamente «Sagly-dat-ay», con el acento en la penúltima sílaba. Es un antiguo término militar que significa «espía» u «observador», ninguno de los cuales tiene la flexible amplitud de la palabra rusa. Después de considerar «emisario» y «gladiador», renuncié a la idea de combinar sonido y sentido, y me contenté con mantener el «ay» (pronunciación fonética de «eye»: ojo) al final del largo tallo. Con este título el relato se abrió camino plácidamente a lo largo de tres números de Playboy en los primeros meses de 1965.

Compuse el texto original en 1930, en Berlín –donde mi mujer y yo habíamos alquilado dos habitaciones a una familia alemana en la tranquila Luitpoldstrasse–, y apareció a finales de ese año en la revista de emigrados rusos Sovremennyya Zapiski, de París. La gente de este libro son los personajes favoritos de mi juventud literaria: expatriados rusos que viven en Berlín, París o Londres. En realidad, por supuesto, también podrían haber sido noruegos en Nápoles o ambracianos en Ambridge: siempre he sido indiferente a los problemas sociales, limitándome a utilizar el material que casualmente tenía a mano, como un comensal locuaz dibuja la esquina de una calle en el mantel o dispone una miga y dos aceitunas como un diagrama entre el menú y el salero. Una consecuencia divertida de esta indiferencia a la vida en comunidad y a las intrusiones de la historia es que el grupo social arrastrado descuidadamente al centro de atención artístico adquiere un aire falsamente permanente, que el escritor emigrado y sus lectores emigrados dan por supuesto en determinado momento y en determinado lugar. Los Ivan Ivanovich y Lev Osipovich de 1930 hace tiempo que han sido sustituidos por lectores no rusos y que hoy en día están perplejos e irritados por tener que imaginar una sociedad de la que no saben nada; ya que no me importa repetir una y otra vez que manojos de páginas han sido arrancados del pasado por los destructores de la libertad, desde que la propaganda soviética, hace casi medio siglo, confundió a la opinión pública extranjera haciéndola ignorar o denigrar la importancia de la emigración rusa (que todavía espera su cronista).

La época de la narración es 1924-25. La guerra civil ha terminado en Rusia hace unos cuatro años. Lenin acaba de morir, pero su tiranía sigue floreciendo. Veinte marcos alemanes no llegan a cinco dólares. Entre los expatriados del Berlín del libro hay desde indigentes hasta prósperos hombres de negocios. Ejemplos de los últimos son Kashmarin, el marido de pesadilla de Matilda (que evidentemente se escapó de Rusia por la ruta del sur, por Constantinopla), y el padre de Evgenia y Vanya, un caballero de edad (que dirige juiciosamente la filial londinense de una empresa alemana, y mantiene a una corista). Kashmarin es probablemente lo que los ingleses llaman de «clase media», pero las dos jóvenes damas del número 5 de Peacock Street pertenecen claramente a la nobleza rusa, con título o sin él, lo que no les impide tener gustos bárbaros en sus lecturas. El carigordo marido de Evgenia, cuyo nombre hoy en día resulta más cómico, trabaja en un banco de Berlín. El coronel Mukhin, un pedante desagradable, luchó en 1919 bajo el mando de Denikin, y en 1920 bajo el de Wrangel, habla cuatro lenguas, ostenta un aire frío y mundano, y probablemente le irá bien con el trabajo fácil hacia el que lo está dirigiendo su futuro suegro. El bueno de Roman Bogdanovich es un báltico empapado de cultura alemana, más que rusa. El excéntrico judío Weinstock, la pacifista doctora Marianna Nikolaevna y el mismo narrador, que no pertenece a ninguna clase concreta, son representantes de la multifacética intelectualidad rusa. Estas indicaciones deberían facilitar un poco las cosas a ese tipo de lector que (como yo mismo) desconfía de las novelas que tratan de personajes espectrales en ambientes que no le son familiares, tales como las traducciones del magiar o del chino.

Como es bien sabido (para emplear una famosa frase rusa), mis libros no solo cuentan con la bendición de una ausencia absoluta de significación social, sino que además están hechos a prueba de mitos: los freudianos revolotean ávidamente en torno a ellos, se acercan con oviductos ardientes, se detienen, husmean y retroceden. Por otra parte, un sicólogo serio puede distinguir por entre mis criptogramas centelleantes de lluvia un mundo de disolución del alma en el que el pobre Smurov solo existe en la medida en que se refleja en otros cerebros, que a su vez se encuentran en el mismo trance extraño y especular que él. La textura del relato remeda las novelas policíacas, pero en realidad el autor renuncia a toda intención de engañar, confundir, embaucar o bien de defraudar al lector. En efecto, solo el lector que pesque inmediatamente el sentido obtendrá una auténtica satisfacción de El ojo. Es poco probable que incluso el más crédulo y más atento de los lectores de este rutilante relato tarde mucho en darse cuenta de quién es Smurov. Lo probé con una anciana dama inglesa, con dos doctorandos, con un entrenador de hockey sobre hielo, con un médico y con el hijo de doce años de un vecino. El niño fue el más rápido; el vecino, el más lento.

El tema de El ojo es el desarrollo de una investigación que conduce al protagonista por un infierno de espejos y acaba en la fusión de imágenes gemelas. No sé si los lectores modernos compartirán el intenso placer que obtuve hace treinta y cinco años componiendo en un determinado esquema misterioso las distintas fases de la búsqueda del narrador, pero en todo caso el énfasis no está en el misterio sino en el esquema. Averiguar el paradero de Smurov sigue siendo, creo, un deporte excelente a pesar del paso del tiempo y de los libros, como lo es el paso del espejismo de una lengua al oasis de otra. La trama no podrá reducirse en la mente del lector –si leo correctamente esa mente– a una dolorosísima historia de amor en la que un atormentado corazón no solo es desdeñado, sino también humillado y castigado. Las fuerzas de la imaginación, que, a la larga, son las fuerzas del bien, permanecen firmemente del lado de Smurov, y la amargura misma del amor torturado resulta tan embriagadora y tonificante como su más extática satisfacción.

VLADIMIR NABOKOV

Montreux, 19 de abril de 1965

Conocí a esa mujer, a esa Matilda, durante mi primer otoño de vida de emigrado en Berlín, a principios de los años veinte de dos etapas de tiempo, este siglo y mi asquerosa vida. Alguien acababa

Enjoying the preview?
Page 1 of 1