Professional Documents
Culture Documents
Dr. S. Madhavan
Global Director, Plant Services (Retd.) Kellogg Brown & Root (KBR), Inc. Houston, TX, USA
or
Conversion to Liquid Hydrocarbons Conversion to Methanol Conversion to Fertilizer Conversion to Electric Power
Legend
Stranded Gas Major Markets
LNG Technology
LNG
Liquefied Natural Gas
- 161oC !!
Limits (maximum)
50 ppm 0.01 micrograms per normal m3 1 mol% 1 ppmv 1 ppmv < 6 8 mol% (Feedstock for Ethylene!) LPG < 3 mol% Petrochemical < 2 mol% Feedstock < 0.1 mol% =1050 Btu/SCF (Europe and USA) up to 1140 Btu/SCF (East Asia)
C2
FUEL
HYDROCARBON FRACTIONATION
C2
C3
CO2 REMOVAL
REFRIGERATION SYSTEM
REFRIGERATION SYSTEM
Treated Gas Lean Amine Lean Absorber Semi-Lean SemiAmine Amine Cooler
Low-Pressure LowFlash
Stripper
Reboiler
Rich Amine
Lean/Rich Exchanger
Regeneration Cooler
Filter
Outlet Gas Specification is generally 10 nanograms of Mercury per cubic meter of gas.
To Liquefaction Section
Mercury has to be removed from natural gas and its associated condensate to prevent: corrosion in aluminum equipment
Refrigeration Cycles
Types of Licensed Processes:
Propane Precooled Mixed Refrigerant Cycle (APCI) Pure Component Cascade Cycle
Phillips Optimized Cascade
Linde Technology
Work
Air-cooled or water-cooled
Compressor
Refrigeration Loop
Accumulator
Q Low Temperature
8/19/2010 P. (Sub -19 Ambient)
PC
To MCHE MR SW
Reinjection Chiller DC2 Condenser To Scrub Column Feed Gas Feed from Acid Gas Removal
8/19/2010
P. 21
HP HP CC3 3
MP MP C C33
LP LP C C33
MCHE MCHE
MP MP MR MR
LP LP MR MR
DEHY/Hg DEHY/Hg REMOVAL REMOVAL HP HP C C33 MP MP C C33 LP LP C C33 LLP LLP C C33
To FRACTIONATION To FRACTIONATION
8/19/2010 P. 22
Thermal Efficiency
Typical LP MR Compressor
Axial Compressor Rotor Lifted From Casing
Propane Compressor
Axial Compressor
Frame 7 Cutaway
Single Shaft Design
LNG Tank
Vapour Release
LNG to Ship
Top Fill
Carbon Steel Light LNG Heat Leak from Perlite Insulation Heavy LNG 9% Ni Steel 32 month Construction Insulation Schedule (Typical) Ambient
Top Tier
KBR/JGC Chiyoda Bechtel
Next Tier
Technip Foster-Wheeler Snamprogetti
LNG Shipping
LNG Unloading Arm Recondenser LNG Tanker Fuel Gas Vaporizer To Pipeline
1st Stage Sendout Pumps LNG Storage Tanks 2nd Stage Sendout Pumps
Features
Low running cost. Sea water used as heat source. Easy to operate and maintain. Tube Panels--made of aluminum alloy, coated outside with zinc alloy to provide corrosion resistance from sea water. Return sea water is 4-5 deg. C cooler. Environmental consideration.
83.8 Mmt/y
67.5%
Middle East
Qatar Abu Dhabi 28.2% 71.8%
9.3% 23.2%
94.9% 5.1%
Atlantic Basin
Algeria Libya Trinidad Nigeria
83.8 Mmt/y
75.2%
Atlantic Basin
France Belgium Greece Italy Spain Turkey USA 33.2% 16.8% 6.7% 24.0% 11.1% 8.2%
24.8%
10. Yemen
Flare
Refrig. Compressors
Inlet Compressor
LNG FPSO
--Modularization LNG plant on a barge---BLUE MARTIN STAT OIL Norway [154 METERS LONG AND 60 METERS WIDE AND 50 METERS HEIGHT-- 350,000 TONS ] 50
Source: The LNG Business: How Fast Will it Grow? By Theo Oerlemans, Poten & Partners, presented at Gastech 2005.
Thank You
Questions - Discussion