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Verification Manual
S P E E D
A C C U R A C Y
V A L U E
T R U S T
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Contents
Preface
xiii
1 Introduction
1.1
2.1
iii
3.1
4.1
List of Figures
1 Introduction
1.1
2.1
2.1 Geometry and the Finite Element Mesh for the cantilever beam under multiple
loading Conditions .................................................................................................................2.2
2.2 Geometry and the Finite Element Mesh for the Cantilever under an
Off-centered Loading .............................................................................................................2.7
2.3 Geometry, Loading and Finite Element Mesh for the Frame Structure ...............................2.12
2.4 Load Case Combinations used to Obtain Solution of the Frame Structure
under General Loading (a) left half (b) right half ................................................................2.13
2.5 Geometry of the Square Plate with a Hole ...........................................................................2.17
2.6 Finite Element Mesh used for the Analysis of the Square Plate with a Hole ......................2.18
2.7 Geometry of the Cylinder and Finite Element Model with Boundary
Conditions ............................................................................................................................2.22
2.8 Stress Distribution along the Radius of a Cylinder
(a) Radial Stress (b) Circumferential Stress ........................................................................2.23
2.9 Simply Supported Circular Plate ..........................................................................................2.30
2.10 Finite Element Model of the Plate .....................................................................................2.31
2.11 Transverse Deflection of the Plate .....................................................................................2.31
2.12 Rotating Disk - NISA .........................................................................................................2.35
2.13 Radial Deflection ...............................................................................................................2.35
2.14 Tangential Stress ................................................................................................................2.36
2.15 Radial Stress .......................................................................................................................2.36
2.16 Solid Disk with Radially Varying Thermal Load ..............................................................2.40
2.17 Finite Element Model .........................................................................................................2.40
2.18 Radial Displacement ..........................................................................................................2.42
2.19 Radial and Circumferential Stresses ..................................................................................2.42
2.20 Geometry and Finite Element Mesh for Simply Supported Circular Plate ........................2.46
2.21 Geometry and Finite Element Mesh for a Hemispherical Shell with Edge
Loading ..............................................................................................................................2.51
2.22 Horizontal Displacement ....................................................................................................2.52
2.23 Clamped Plate with Central Concentrated Load ................................................................2.56
2.24 Finite Element Model .........................................................................................................2.56
2.25 Vertical Deflection along X-axis .......................................................................................2.57
2.26 Bottom Surface Stresses along X-axis ...............................................................................2.57
2.27 Geometry and Finite Element Mesh for the Cylindrical Shell Roof ..................................2.61
vii
2.28 Geometry and Finite Element Mesh for Thin Cylindrical Shell under
Concentrated Force ............................................................................................................ 2.65
2.29 Geometry and Finite Element Mesh of a Clamped Square Plate under
Pressure Loading ............................................................................................................... 2.69
2.30 Geometry and Finite Element Mesh of a Nine Layer Cross-Ply
Orthotropic Plate ................................................................................................................ 2.74
2.31 Geometry and Finite Element Mesh of a Three-layer Sandwich Plate .............................. 2.81
2.32 Contour Plots of Stress and Resultant for a Simply Supported
Sandwich Plate under Uniform Pressure ........................................................................... 2.82
2.33 Propped Cantilever Beam with a Gap ................................................................................ 2.87
2.34 Geometry, Loading and Finite Element Model for a Beam on Elastic
Foundation ......................................................................................................................... 2.91
2.35 Truss on Misaligned Supports ........................................................................................... 2.96
2.36 Geometry and FE Model of Shell with Nonaxisymmetric Loading ................................ 2.101
2.37 Top View of Cylinder ...................................................................................................... 2.101
2.38 3-D Model of the Cylinder ............................................................................................... 2.103
2.39 Geometry and the Finite Element Mesh for the Cantilever Elbow under
Multiple Loading Conditions ........................................................................................... 2.109
2.40 Geometry and the Finite Element Mesh for the Cantilever Curved Beam
under Multiple Loading Conditions ................................................................................. 2.113
2.41 Geometry and Dimensions ............................................................................................... 2.118
2.42 Finite Element Model ...................................................................................................... 2.118
2.43 Load Case No. 200 ........................................................................................................... 2.118
2.44 Load combination ID No. 300 ......................................................................................... 2.118
2.45 Simply Supported Plate Model ........................................................................................ 2.126
2.46 Transverse Shear Stress Variation through the Thickness ............................................... 2.127
2.47 A Simply Supported Spherical Shell of Rectangular Planform ....................................... 2.134
2.48 Geometry and Finite Element Mesh for an Anti-Symmetric Cross-Ply
Laminated Clamped Plate ................................................................................................ 2.145
2.49 Geometry and Finite Element Mesh of a Three-layer Sandwich Square Plate ............... 2.149
2.50 Geometry and Finite Element Mesh for a Quarter of a Cross-ply Laminated
Simply Supported Plate ................................................................................................... 2.154
3.1
3.5 Geometry and Finite Element Mesh for Buckling of a Simply Supported
Tapered Beam ...................................................................................................................... 3.14
3.6 Fixed Free Column Under Self Weight and Applied Load ................................................. 3.22
viii
4.1
4.31 Finite Element Mesh for a Free Edged Square Plate .........................................................4.79
4.32 Mode Shapes and Natural Frequencies ..............................................................................4.80
4.33 Eccentric Mass-Spring System ..........................................................................................4.84
4.34 Finite Element Model of the Rotating Cantilever Beam ....................................................4.88
4.35 Finite Element Mesh for a Simply Supported Square Plate ...............................................4.93
ix
List of Tables
1 Introduction
1.1
2.1
3.1
4.1
xii
Preface
You have with you the latest version of NISA; a proven and robust Finite Element Analysis
software that has enjoyed a long-standing presence in the arena of Engineering Analysis and
Design. Generations of scientists, engineers and researchers have come to depend on NISA to solve
their most complex engineering problems.
With the take over of NISA by Cranes Software, Inc. in 2005, came an induction of fresh talent and
resources which has taken NISA to where it is today. Over the last two years CSI has put together
an exceptional team of engineers and substantial funds and transformed NISA into one of the
market leaders once again. Many past users are delighted with NISA's new capabilities and have
come back to the software they loved and were at ease with.
xiii
Verification Problem
1
Introduction
1.1
Analysis Types:
NISA (Numerically Integrated elements for System Analysis) is a general purpose finite element
program to analyze a wide spectrum of problems encountered in engineering mechanics.
Analysis types available in VPG/NISA include: linear static and eigenvalue.
Element Library:
An extensive library of isoparametric finite elements with higher order displacement functions as well
as conventional elements is available in VPG/NISA. Such elements are suited for modeling 2-D, 3-D,
axisyrnmetric solid and shell structures. In addition, other elements such as 3-D composite solid and
sandwich shell, spars, prismatic and tapered beams, springs and concentrated masses are available.
Material Models:
Large number of material models are available in VPG/NISA. These include: linear elastic material
models such as isotropic, orthotropic and laminated composite.
1-1
Introduction
Highlights of VPG/NISA Capabilities
an advanced automeshing algorithm, which eliminates most manual mesh manipulation and
postprocessing capabilities for finite element model generation and graphical representation of results..
A detailed description of VPG/NISA capabilities, input data setup and output features may be found in
Chapter 3 of the VPG/NISA Users Manual.
1-2
Introduction
Purpose of this Manual
1.2
The purpose of this manual is to provide a wide range of verification problems to serve the following
objectives:
1-3
Introduction
Verification Problem Format
1.3
A unified format is adopted for the presentation of all verification problems in this manual. A outline
of this format is as follow:
Title:
A descriptive title of the problem
Element Type:
Element type description, example, beam, 2-D, 3-D, etc., and the applicable NKTP and
NORDR numbers.
Analysis Highlights:
Description of the analysis type and options, example, linear static, eigenvalue with conventional or accelerated subspace iteration, etc.
Problem:
A brief description of the physical problem, the loading and boundary conditions and the
required results or objectives:
Properties:
- Material:
Listing the values of all material constants and/or material parameters used in the constitutive
material model.
- Geometric:
Listing geometrical parameters such as thicknesses, cross sectional properties, etc.
Solution Procedures:
Describing details of the analysis type used and various options compared.
References:
List of references from which the theoretical and/or numerical results may be obtained.
1-4
Introduction
Verification Problem Format
Each problem description is followed by all the tables and figures used for problem description, model
specification, results comparison and presentation.
Finally a list of the input data for the problem is given. If more than one case is studied in the problem,
only one input deck is presented for a selected case. Some comment cards are given in the input deck
to facilitate the interpretation of the input.
1-5
Introduction
Problem Classifications
1.4
Problem Classifications
The main classification of the verification problems is done by analysis types. Each chapter in this
manual represent one type of analysis as follows:
Chapter 2
Chapter 3
Chapter 4
A problem number is composed of two numbers; the first is the chapter number and the second is a
serial number, example, Section 2.4 is in Chapter 2 (A large square plate with a circular hole under
inplane loading) and is the fourth verification problem in the chapter. All tables and figures are
identified by the problem number followed by a serial number.
Refer to the table of contents for a complete list of all the problems in each chapter.
A second classification is given by element types or NKTP number. Table 1.1 gives a break-down of
all verification problems by element NKTP number and also identifies analysis type:
Element Shape
Analysis Type
Problem Number
4-node quadrilateral
(NORDR = 1, 12)
STATIC
Section 2.4
8-node quadrilateral
(NORDR = 2)
EIGENVALUE
Section 4.2
STATIC
Section 2.5
EIGENVALUE
Section 4.7
STATIC
EIGENVALUE
Section 4.3
STATIC
8-node quadrilateral
(NORDR = 2)
8-node quadrilateral
(NORDR = 2)
6-node triangle
(NORDR = 11)
1-6
Introduction
Problem Classifications
NKTP
Element Shape
8-node solid
(NORDR = 1, 12)
Analysis Type
STATIC
Section 2.14
EIGENVALUE
STATIC
Section 2.5
BUCKLING
Section 3.3
4
20-node solid
(NORDR = 2)
Problem Number
STATIC
Section 2.28
11
BUCKLING
Section 3.4
STATIC
12
EIGENVALUE
STATIC
BUCKLING
EIGENVALUE
Section 4.1
STATIC
Section 2.21
STATIC
Section 2.11
EIGENVALUE
EIGENVALUE
Section 4.11
EIGENVALUE
STATIC
Section 2.15
EIGENVALUE
Section 4.12
STATIC
Section 2.28
13
2-node beam
(NORDR = 1)
15
20
8-node quadrilateral
(NORDR = 2)
21
2-node torsional
spring (3-D)
30
32
1-7
Introduction
Problem Classifications
NKTP
Element Shape
Analysis Type
Problem Number
STATIC
Section 2.17
EIGENVALUE
Section 4.13
STATIC
Section 2.29
8-node axisymmetric
solid with non
axisymmetric loading
(NORDR = 2)
STATIC
Section 2.22
3-node axisymmetric
shell
(NORDR = 2)
STATIC
Section 2.10
4-node axisymmetric
shell (NORDR = 3)
STATIC
Section 2.9
38
EIGENVALUE
Section 4.16
BUCKLING
39
Section 3.5
EIGENVALUE
Section 4.4
STATIC
BUCKLING
Section 3.1
EIGENVALUE
34
36
40
42
2-node gap
STATIC
47
STATIC
1-8
Verification Problem
2
Static Analysis Verification
Problems
2.1
Title:
Cantilever beam subjected to multiple loading conditions
Element Type:
3-D beam element (NKTP = 12, NORDR = 1)
Problem:
A long cantilever beam with 3cm square cross-section and 100 cm length Figure 2.1 is subjected to (a)
concentrated tip force, (b) concentrated tip moment, (c) distributed pressure load, and (d) thermal
loading. Each loading is applied separately.
The deflection at the free end, the bending moment and the maximum axial stress at the fixed end of
the beam are computed for each load case.
Properties:
Material:
EX
= 207 GPa
(Modulus of elasticity)
NUXY
= 0.3
(Poisson's ratio)
ALPX
= 1.0 10-5(1/oC)
= 9.0 cm2
(Cross-sectional area)
IYY
= 6.75 cm4
IZZ
= 6.75 cm4
Cross-section:
2 -1
Case 1.
Case 2.
Case 3.
Case 4.
Thermal loading due to a 100C temperature difference between the top and the bottom surfaces of the beam.
The stresses are computed at all the four corners of the cross-section at the fixed end, using stress
recovery points.
Reference:
1.
R.J. Roark, Formula for Stress and Strain, 4th Edition, McGraw-Hill Book Co., New York,
1965.
Figure 2.1: Geometry and the Finite Element Mesh for the cantilever beam under multiple loading
Conditions
Loading
Deflection
(cm)
Bending Moment
(N-cm)
NISA
NISA
NISA
Theory [1]
Theory [I]
Theory [I]
Case 1
2.38564
2.38564
-1.0 105
-1.0 105
2.2222 104
2.2222 104
Case 2
3.57846
3.57846
-1.0 105
-1.0 105
2.2222 104
2.2222 104
Case 3
0.8946 1
0.89461
-5.0 104
-5.0 104
l.l l l l 104
l.l l l l 104
Case 4
1.66667
1.66667
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
2-3
1,ROTZ, 0.00000E+00,,,,,,,, 0
*CFORCE
**_DISP3_: CFORCE, SET =
1
2,FY, 1.00000E+03,,, 0, 0
*PRINTCNTL
ELST,0
SLFO,0
*LDCASE, ID= 2
0, 1, 3, 0, 0, 2, 0, 0.000, 0.000
*LCTITLE
CONCENTRATED END MOMENT.
*CFORCE
**_DISP3_: CFORCE, SET =
2
2,MZ, 1.00000E+05,,, 0, 0
*PRINTCNTL
ELST,0
SLFO,0
*LDCASE, ID= 3
0, 1, 3, 0, 0, 2, 0, 0.000, 0.000
*LCTITLE
DISTRIBUTED PRESSURE LOAD.
*PRESSURE
**_DISP3_: PRESSURE, SET =
3
1,,,1,1, 0,0.0, 0, 0
-.100E+02,-.100E+02,
*PRINTCNTL
ELST,0
SLFO,0
*LDCASE, ID= 4
0, 1, 3, 0, 0, 2, 0, 0.000, 0.000
*LCTITLE
THERMAL LOADING.
*NDTEMPDIF
**_DISP3_: NDTEMPDIF, SET =
4
1,TEMP, 1.00000E+02
2,TEMP, 1.00000E+02
*PRINTCNTL
ELST,0
SLFO,0
*ENDDATA
2-5
2.2
Title:
Cantilever beam under an off-centered load
Element Type:
3-D beam element (NKTP = 12, NORDR = 1)
Problem:
A long cantilever beam with 3 cm square cross-section and 100 cm length is subjected to an offcentered axial force of 1000 N (Figure 2.2). The force is offset by 10 cm.
The deflection at the free end, the bending moment and the maximum axial stress at the fixed end of
the beam are computed.
Properties:
Material:
EX
= 207 GPa
(Modulus of elasticity)
NUXY
= 0.3
(Poisson's ratio)
= 9.0 cm2
(Cross-sectional area)
IYY
= 6.75 cm4
IZZ
= 6.75 cm4
Cross-section:
Reference:
1.
R.J. Roark, Formulas for Stress and Strain, 4th Edition, McGraw-Hill Book Co., New York,
1965.
Figure 2.2: Geometry and the Finite Element Mesh for the Cantilever under an Off-centered Loading
Deflection
(cm)
Bending Moment
(N-cm)
Maximum Bending
Stress (N/cm2)
NISA Analysis
0.357846
1.0 104
2.33333 103
Theory[1]
0.357846
1.0 104
2.33333 103
2-7
1,ROTX, 0.00000E+00,,,,,,,,
1,ROTY, 0.00000E+00,,,,,,,,
1,ROTZ, 0.00000E+00,,,,,,,,
*CFORCE
**_DISP3_: CFORCE, SET =
3,FX, 1.00000E+03,,, 0, 0
*PRINTCNTL
ELST,0
SLFO,0
*ENDDATA
0
0
0
1
2-9
2.3
Title:
A frame structure under general loading
Element Type:
2-D planar beam element (NKTP = 13, NORDR = 1)
Problem:
A frame structure is subjected to a uniform pressure of 5 Kips/ft and a concentrated force of 1500 lb as
shown in Figure 2.3. Displacement and the end moments for the middle member are computed.
Properties:
Material:
EX
(Modulus of elasticity)
NUXY
0.3
(Poisson's ratio)
Cross-section:
For Vertical Members:
A
(Area of cross-section)
IYY
110.0 in4
IZZ
110.0 in4
(Area of cross-section)
IYY
220.0 in4
IZZ
220.0 in4
Case 1.
The model is analyzed for the pressure loading alone. Since for this case the structure as
well as the loading is symmetric, symmetric boundary conditions are imposed at the line of
symmetry.
Case 2.
The model is analyzed for half of the total concentrated load. Symmetric boundary conditions are imposed at the line of symmetry.
Case 3.
Problem is solved for half of the total concentrated load with antisyrnmetric boundary conditions at the line of symmetry.
Case 4.
The solution for the left half of the frame under total loading is obtained by adding the
results from the first three load cases (Figure 2.4a). This is done by using load case combination capabilities of NISA.
Case 5.
The solution for the right half of the frame under total loading is obtained by adding the
results from the first two load cases, and then subtracting the results of the third load case,
Figure 2.4b. Again, this is done by using load case combination capabilities of NISA.
Reference:
1.
R.L. Ketter, G.C. Lee and S.P. Prawel, Structural Analysis and Design, McGraw-Hill Book Co.,
New York, 1979.
2-11
Figure 2.3: Geometry, Loading and Finite Element Mesh for the Frame Structure
Figure 2.4: Load Case Combinations used to Obtain Solution of the Frame Structure under General
Loading (a) left half (b) right half
Horizontal
Bending Moment at the Bending Moment at the
Displacement of the Left Corner
Right Corner
Middle Member (in) (Kips-in)
(Kips-in)
NISA
0.55227
347.529
-617.529
Theory [1]
0.55227
347.14
-617.14
2-13
SLFO,0
*LDCASE, ID= 2
0, 1, 3, 0,-1, 1, 0, 0.000, 0.000
*LCTITLE
CONCENTRATED FORCE, SYMMETRIC BOUNDARY CONDITIONS
*CFORCE
**_DISP3_: CFORCE, SET =
2
2,FX, 7.50000E+02,,, 0, 0
*PRINTCNTL
ELST,0
SLFO,0
*LDCASE, ID= 3
0, 1, 3, 0,-1, 1, 0, 0.000, 0.000
*LCTITLE
CONCENTRATED FORCE, ANTISYMMETRIC BOUNDARY CONDITIONS
*SPDISP
**_DISP3_: SPDISP, SET =
3
1,UX , 0.00000E+00,,,,,,,, 0
1,UY , 0.00000E+00,,,,,,,, 0
3,UY , 0.00000E+00,,,,,,,, 0
3,UZ , 0.00000E+00,,,,,,,, 0
*CFORCE
**_DISP3_: CFORCE, SET =
3
2,FX, 7.50000E+02,,, 0, 0
*PRINTCNTL
ELST,0
SLFO,0
*LDCOMB, ID = 4
1,1,1
1,1.0,2,1.0,3,1.0,
*LCTITLE
COMBINATION OF LOADCASES 1,2 AND 3. SOLUTION FOR THE LEFT SIDE
*PRINTCNTL
ELST,0
*LDCOMB, ID = 5
1,1,1
1,1.0,2,1.0,3,-1.0,
*LCTITLE
COMBINATION OF LOADCASES 1,2 AND 3. SOLUTION FOR THE RIGHT SIDE
*PRINTCNTL
ELST,0
*ENDDATA
2-15
2.4
Title:
A large square plate with a circular hole under inplane loading
Element Type:
2-D four node plane stress element (NKTP = 1, NORDR = 1)
Problem:
A square plate of 42 in side length and 1 in thickness has a hole of 6 in diameter in its center. The plate
is subjected to a uniform in plane pressure of 1 psi along its width Figure 2.5.
Stress concentration due to the circular hole is computed using finite element analysis, and is compared
with the theoretical solution of an infinite plate subjected to uniform inplane pressure.
Properties:
Material:
EX
= 7000.0 psi
(Modulus of elasticity)
NUXY
= 0.2
(Poisson's ratio)
Reference:
1.
S. Timoshenko, Strength of Materials Part II - Advanced Theory and Problems, 3rd Edition, D.
Van Nostrand Company, Inc., 1956.
2-17
Figure 2.6: Finite Element Mesh used for the Analysis of the Square Plate with a Hole
Theory [1]
3.0
Percent error
0.02
2-19
*SPDISP
**_DISP3_: SPDISP, SET =
1
1,UY , 0.00000E+00,,,,,,,, 0
7,UX , 0.00000E+00,,,,,,,, 0
8,UY , 0.00000E+00,,,,,,,, 0
14,UX , 0.00000E+00,,,,,,,, 0
15,UY , 0.00000E+00,,,,,,,, 0
21,UX , 0.00000E+00,,,,,,,, 0
22,UY , 0.00000E+00,,,,,,,, 0
28,UX , 0.00000E+00,,,,,,,, 0
29,UY , 0.00000E+00,,,,,,,, 0
35,UX , 0.00000E+00,,,,,,,, 0
36,UY , 0.00000E+00,,,,,,,, 0
42,UX , 0.00000E+00,,,,,,,, 0
*PRESSURE
**_DISP3_: PRESSURE, SET =
1
25,,,2,0, 0, -1.0, 0, 0
2.5
Title:
Thick cylinder under internal pressure load
Element Type:
Case 1.
Case 2.
Case 3.
Problem:
A long and thick cylinder with an inner diameter of 0.2 m and an outer diameter of 0.4 m is subjected
to an internal pressure of 100 MPa Figure 2.7.
The deflections and the radial stress distribution in the cylinder are compared with the exact solution.
Properties:
Material:
EX
210 GPa
(Modulus of elasticity)
NUXY
0.0
(Poisson's ratio)
Ten 8-node plain strain elements are used to model a ten degree sector of the cylinder.
Boundary conditions of no circumferential deformation are imposed using local coordinate
systems. This allows for the expansion of the cylinder in radial direction only Figure 2.7.
Case 2.
Ten 8-node axisymmetric elements are used to model 0.1 m length of the cylinder. Prescribed boundary conditions of UY = 0 on top and bottom surfaces allow for the expansion
of the cylinder in radial direction only Figure 2.7.
Case 3.
Ten 20-node solid elements are used to model a ten degree sector of the cylinder. Boundary
conditions of no vertical and circumferential deformations are imposed as in case 1 and 2.
Again, this allows for the expansion of the cylinder in radial direction only Figure 2.7.
2-21
Figure 2.7: Geometry of the Cylinder and Finite Element Model with Boundary Conditions
Reference:
1.
R.J. Roarli, Formulas for Stress and Strain, 4th Edition, McGraw-Hill Book Co., New York,
1965.
Case 1
7.93656 10-5
6.34922 10-5
Case 2
7.93651 10-5
6.34921 10-5
Case 3
7.93651 10-5
6.34920 10-5
Theory [1]
7.93651 10-5
6.34921 10-5
2-23
2-25
:
9, 1, 1, 1, 0
17, 18, 19, 119, 219, 218, 217, 117,
10, 1, 1, 1, 0
19, 20, 21, 121, 221, 220, 219, 119,
*MATERIAL
EX , 1, 0, 2.10000E+11,
NUXY, 1, 0, 0.00000E+00,
*SETS
101,R, 1, 21, 1,
*LDCASE, ID= 1
0, 1, 3, 0, 0, 1, 0, 0.000, 0.000
*LCTITLE
UNIFORM INTERNAL PRESSURE.
*SPDISP
**_DISP3_: SPDISP, SET =
1
1,UY , 0.00000E+00,,,,,,,, 0
1,UZ , 0.00000E+00,,,,,,,, 0
2,UY , 0.00000E+00,,,,,,,, 0
2,UZ , 0.00000E+00,,,,,,,, 0
:
:
220,UY , 0.00000E+00,,,,,,,, 0
220,UZ , 0.00000E+00,,,,,,,, 0
221,UY , 0.00000E+00,,,,,,,, 0
221,UZ , 0.00000E+00,,,,,,,, 0
*PRESSURE
**_DISP3_: PRESSURE, SET =
1
1,,,4,0, 0, 0.1E+09, 0, 0
*PRINTCNTL
AVND,101
DISP,101
SLFO,0
*ENDDATA
2-27
AVND,101
DISP,101
SLFO,0
*ENDDATA
2.6
Title:
Simply supported circular plate
Element Type:
2-D axisymmetric solid element (NKTP = 3, NORDR = 2)
Problem:
A simply supported circular plate of 50 inch radius and one inch thickness Figure 2.9 is analyzed for
uniform transverse loading. Three load cases are analyzed:
(a)
Uniformly distributed pressure of 1 psi is applied on the top face of the plate
(b)
Uniformly distributed pressure of 1 psi is applied on the bottom face of the plate
(c)
All the load cases simulate the same loading conditions and hence are equivalent. The transverse
deflection of the plate is computed along the radial direction.
Properties:
Material:
EX
1 10-7psi
(Modulus of elasticity)
NUXY
0.3
(Poisson's ratio)
DENS
1.0 lb-sec2/in4
(Mass density)
Case 1.
Case 2.
Case 3.
2-29
Reference:
1.
S.P. Timoshenko, Theory of Elasticity, 3rd Edition, McGraw-Hill Book Co., New York, 1970.
Case 1
Case 2
Case 3
Theory
35
-0.435
-0.435
-0.435
-0.435
37
-0.409
-0.409
-0.409
-0.409
39
-0.351
-0.351
-0.351
-0.351
41
-0.276
-0.276
-0.276
-0.2754
43
-0.195
-0.195
-0.195
-0.195
45
-0.132
-0.132
-0.132
-0.132
47
-0.08
-0.08
-0.08
-0.08
49
-0.04
-0.04
-0.04
-0.04
51
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
2-31
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
2-33
2.7
Title:
Uniform thickness rotating disc
Element Type:
2-D axisymmetric solid element (NKTP = 3, NORDR = 3)
Problem:
A circular disc of 12 inches diameter and 2 inches thick is rotating at an angular speed of 1000 rad/sec.
The stresses and displacements in the disc are computed.
Properties:
Material:
EX
= 3 107 psi
(Modulus of elasticity)
NUXY
= 0.3
(Poisson's ratio)
DENS
(Mass density)
Reference:
1.
S.P. Timoshenko, Theory of Elasticity, 3rd Edition, McGraw-Hill Book Co., New York, 1970.
2-35
Deflection
(10-3 in)
Circumferential Stress
(SZZ) (1000 psi)
Radial Stress
(SXX)(1000 psi)
0.0
10.79
10.79
0.479
10.05
9.53
0.825
7.97
5.93
0.908
4.53
-0.026
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
2-37
*STRSFILTER
0.0,0.0,0.0,0.0,0.0,0.0,0.0,0.0
*PRINTCNTL
SLFO,0
*ENDDATA
2.8
Title:
Solid disc subjected to radially varying thermal load
Element Type:
2-D axisymmetric solid element (NKTP = 3, NORDR = 3)
Problem:
A solid circular disc of 0.1 inch radius and 0.005 inch thickness is subjected to a radially varying
thermal loading. The temperature T is assumed to vary in the radial direction as T = 100(1-x2/b2)
where b is the outer radius. The geometry and temperature distribution are shown in Figure 2.16. The
displacements and stresses are computed along a radial section.
Properties:
Material:
EX
l.0 107psi
(Modulus of elasticity)
NUX
0.3
(Poisson's ratio)
ALPX
1.0 10-7(1/oF)
Reference:
1.
C.T. Wang, Applied Elasticity, McGraw-Hill Book Co., New York, 1985.
2-39
x (in)
Radial Displacement
(NISA)(UX) 10-6 in
0.0
0.0
0.003333
0.02521
0.006666
0.050366
0.01
0.07541
0.016666
0.12491
0.2333
0.17328
0.03
0.22004
0.04
0.28618
0.05
0.34613
10
0.06
0.39836
11
0.07333
0.45333
12
0.086666
0.48812
13
0.1
0.49919
Radial Stress
(SXX) l02 psi
Circumferential
Stress (SZZ) l02 psi
-0.2508
-0.2508
-0.2284
-0.1834
10
-0.1607
+0.0191
13
-0.0001
+0.4992
2-41
2-43
3,UY , 0.00000E+00,,,,,,,, 0
4,UY , 0.00000E+00,,,,,,,, 0
5,UY , 0.00000E+00,,,,,,,, 0
6,UY , 0.00000E+00,,,,,,,, 0
7,UY , 0.00000E+00,,,,,,,, 0
8,UY , 0.00000E+00,,,,,,,, 0
9,UY , 0.00000E+00,,,,,,,, 0
10,UY , 0.00000E+00,,,,,,,, 0
11,UY , 0.00000E+00,,,,,,,, 0
12,UY , 0.00000E+00,,,,,,,, 0
13,UY , 0.00000E+00,,,,,,,, 0
14,UX , 0.00000E+00,,,,,,,, 0
27,UX , 0.00000E+00,,,,,,,, 0
40,UX , 0.00000E+00,,,,,,,, 0
*NDTEMPER
**_DISP3_: NDTEMPER, SET =
1
1,TEMP, 1.00000E+02
2,TEMP, 9.98899E+01
3,TEMP, 9.95556E+01
4,TEMP, 9.90000E+01
:
:
49,TEMP, 6.40000E+01
50,TEMP, 4.62223E+01
51,TEMP, 2.48889E+01
52,TEMP, 0.00000E+00
*STRSFILTER
0.0,0.0,0.0,0.0,0.0,0.0,0.0,0.0
*ENDDATA
2.9
Title:
Simply supported circular plate with annular line load and body forces
Element Type:
Axisymmetric shell elements (NKTP = 36, NORDR = 3)
Problem:
A circular plate of 10 inch radius and 1.0 inch thickness is simply supported at the outer edge Figure
2.20. The plate is subjected to an annular line load, gravity load and centrifugal load. Each load is
applied separately.
The deflection and stresses at the center of the plate are calculated for the three loads.
Properties:
Material:
EX
30 106 psi
(Modulus of elasticity)
NUXY
0.3
(Poisson's ratio)
DENS
(Mass density)
Case 1.
An annular line load is applied at a radius of 3 inches. An annular line load is applied as a
concentrated load of 10 lbs (FY = -10) on the node at 3 inch radius.
Case 2.
A body force due to the gravity is considered in this load case. The acceleration due to
gravity is specified as 384.6 in/sec2 in the transverse direction.
Case 3.
A body force due to the angular rotation of the disk is considered. The centrifugal load is
specified as a constant angular velocity of 9.5493 rad/sec (3000 rpm) about the Y axis.
2-45
Figure 2.20: Geometry and Finite Element Mesh for Simply Supported Circular Plate
Reference:
1.
S.P. Timoshenko and J.N. Goodier, Theory of Elasticity, McGraw-Hill Book Co., New York,
1959.
Location
Component
Displacement (in)
NISA
Theory
center
UY
0.1536 10-4
0.1516 10-4
r = 3.0
UY
0.1347 10-4
0.1326 10-4
center
UY
0.0256
0.0254
r = 3.0
UY
0.0228
0.0223
r = 3.0
UX
0.7187 10-4
0.7187 10-4
Component
Theory
Radial (SXX)
8.994
8.994
Hoop (SZZ)
8.994
8.994
Radial (SXX)
13,532.2
13532.2
Hoop (SZZ)
13,532.3
13532.2
Radial (SXX)
1064.52
1064.52
Hoop (SZZ)
1064.52
1064.52
2-47
NUXY, 1, 0, 3.00000E-01,
DENS, 1, 0, 2.83000E-01,
*SETS
111,S, 1, 4,
222,S, 1,
*LDCASE, ID= 1
0, 1, 3, 0, 0, 2, 0, 0.000, 0.000
*SPDISP
**_DISP3_: SPDISP, SET =
1
1,UX , 0.00000E+00,,,,,,,, 0
1,ROTZ, 0.00000E+00,,,,,,,, 0
16,UY , 0.00000E+00,,,,,,,, 0
*CFORCE
**_DISP3_: CFORCE, SET =
1
4,FY,-1.00000E+01,,, 0, 0
*PRINTCNTL
AVND,222
DISP,111
SLFO,0
*LDCASE, ID= 2
0, 1, 3, 0, 0, 2, 0, 0.000, 0.000
*BODYFORCE
0.0,0.0,0.0,0.0,-386.4,0.0
*PRINTCNTL
AVND,222
DISP,222
SLFO,0
*LDCASE, ID= 3
0, 1, 3, 0, 0, 2, 0, 0.000, 0.000
*BODYFORCE
0.0,9.5493,0.0,0.0,0.0,0.0
*PRINTCNTL
AVND,222
DISP,222
SLFO,0
*ENDDATA
2-49
Element Type:
2-D axisymmetric shell element (NKTP = 36, NORDR = 2)
Problem:
A hemispherical shell has 100 inch mean radius and is 1 inch thick. It has an opening at the crown and
is subjected to a unit edge moment as shown in Figure 2.21. The base of the shell is clamped. The
horizontal displacement and the top surface nodal stress (STY) at specific nodal points are computed.
Properties:
Material:
EX
1.0 107psi
(Modulus of elasticity)
NUXY
0.33
(Poisson's ratio)
Reference:
1.
P.A. Grafton and D.R. Strome, Analysis of Axisymmetric Shell by the Direct Stiffness Method,
AIAAJ, 1, 2342-2347, 1963.
Figure 2.21: Geometry and Finite Element Mesh for a Hemispherical Shell with Edge
Loading
2-51
Angle
Displacement 10-5 in
19
45o
-0.0473
21
40o
-0.2778
23
35o
-0.3058
24
32.5o
+0.2485
25
30o
+1.5955
2-53
3, 1, 1, 1, 0
5, 6, 7,
4, 1, 1, 1, 0
7, 8, 9,
5, 1, 1, 1, 0
9, 10, 11,
6, 1, 1, 1, 0
11, 12, 13,
7, 1, 1, 1, 0
13, 14, 15,
8, 1, 1, 1, 0
15, 16, 17,
9, 1, 1, 1, 0
17, 18, 19,
10, 1, 1, 1, 0
19, 20, 21,
11, 1, 1, 1, 0
21, 22, 23,
12, 1, 1, 1, 0
23, 24, 25,
*MATERIAL
EX , 1, 0, 1.00000E+07,
NUXY, 1, 0, 3.30000E-01,
DENS, 1, 0, 1.00000E+00,
*LDCASE, ID= 1
1, 1, 3, 0, 3, 1, 0, 0.000, 0.000
*SPDISP
**_DISP3_: SPDISP, SET =
1
1,UX , 0.00000E+00,,,,,,,, 0
1,UY , 0.00000E+00,,,,,,,, 0
1,ROTZ, 0.00000E+00,,,,,,,, 0
*CFORCE
**_DISP3_: CFORCE, SET =
1
25,MZ,-3.14159E+02,,, 0, 0
*ENDDATA
2.11
Title:
Clamped square plate with central concentrated load
Element Type:
3-D general shell element (NKTP = 20, NORDR = 2)
Problem:
A clamped square plate shown in Figure 2.23 is subjected to a central concentrated load of 10 lbs. The
plate has a side length of 8 inches and thickness of 0.12 inch. The objective is to compute
displacements and stresses along the X-axis of the plate.
Properties:
Material:
EX
(Modulus of elasticity)
NUXY
0.3
(Poisson's ratio)
References:
1.
S.P. Timoshenko and S. Woinowsky-Krieger, Theory of Plates and Shells, 2nd Edition,
McGraw-Hill Book Co., New York, 1959.
2.
O.C. Zienkiewicz, The Finite Element Method, McGraw-Hill Book Co., London,
249-251, 1977.
2-55
2-57
1,UY , 0.00000E+00,,,,,,,, 0
1,ROTX, 0.00000E+00,,,,,,,, 0
1,ROTY, 0.00000E+00,,,,,,,, 0
:
:
81,UZ , 0.00000E+00,,,,,,,, 0
81,ROTX, 0.00000E+00,,,,,,,, 0
81,ROTY, 0.00000E+00,,,,,,,, 0
81,ROTZ, 0.00000E+00,,,,,,,, 0
*CFORCE
**_DISP3_: CFORCE, SET =
1
1,FZ, 2.50000E+00,,, 0, 0
*STRSFILTER
0.0,0.0,0.0,0.0,0.0,0.0,0.0,0.0
*ENDDATA
2-59
Element Type:
3-D four node thin shell element (NKTP = 40, NORDR = 1)
Problem:
A cylindrical shell roof with a radius 25 ft, length 50 ft and thickness 0.25 ft is subjected to self weight
load of 90 lb/ft (along its length). The roof is supported by diaphragms on both the ends Figure 2.27.
Deflection along the direction of load application (i.e. Y-direction displacement) at the middle of the
free edge of the roof is computed.
Properties:
Material:
EX
(Modulus of elasticity)
NUXY
= 0.0
(Poisson's ratio)
DENS
= 11.25 lb-sec2/ft4
(Density)
1.
2.
3.
Figure 2.27: Geometry and Finite Element Mesh for the Cylindrical Shell Roof
Reference:
1.
R.D. Cook, Concepts and Applications of Finite Elenzent Analysis, 2nd Edition, John Wiley &
Sons, Inc., 1981.
Table 2.13: Deflection at the Middle of the Free Edge of Roof for Different Mesh Sizes
NISA Results 4-node Element
Mesh
Deflection (ft)
Deflection (ft)
4 4
0.3027
0.2935
8 8
0.3003
0.3019
14 14
0.3003
0.3015
2-61
*SPDISP
**_DISP3_: SPDISP, SET =
1
1,UX , 0.00000E+00,,,,,,,, 0
1,UY , 0.00000E+00,,,,,,,, 0
1,ROTY, 0.00000E+00,,,,,,,, 0
1,ROTZ, 0.00000E+00,,,,,,,, 0
:
:
84,ROTY, 0.00000E+00,,,,,,,, 0
85,UZ , 0.00000E+00,,,,,,,, 0
85,ROTX, 0.00000E+00,,,,,,,, 0
85,ROTY, 0.00000E+00,,,,,,,, 0
*BODYFORCE
0.0,0.0,0.0,0.0,32.0,0.0
*ENDDATA
2-63
Element type:
3-D four node thin shell element (NKTP = 40, NORDR = 1)
Problem:
A cylindrical shell with a 300 inch radius, 600 inch length, and 3.0 inch thickness is subjected to a
concentrated force of 1 lb. (Figure 2.28).
The radial deflection of the cylinder at the point of load application is compared with the theoretical
solution.
Properties:
Material:
EX
(Modulus of elasticity)
NUXY
0.3
(Poisson's ratio)
1.
2.
3.
Reference:
1.
S. Timoshenko and S. Woinowsky-Krieger, Theory of Plates and Shells, 2nd Edition, McGrawHill Book Co. Inc., New York, 1959.
Figure 2.28: Geometry and Finite Element Mesh for Thin Cylindrical Shell under
Concentrated Force
Table 2.14: Radial Deflection at the Point of Loading for a Pinched Cylinder
Analysis
NISA
4.62516 10-4
Theory [1]
4.51970 10-4
Percent error
2.28
2-65
2-67
Element Type:
3-D eight noded solid element (NKTP = 4, NORDR = 1)
Problem:
A square orthotropic plate has unit length and 0.01 inch thickness. The plate is subjected to a pressure
load of 1 psi (Figure 2.29). Compute the strain energy and transverse displacement at the center of the
plate. The problem is analyzed for two sets of rotation angles for the material axes. The first set of
rotation angles is (0, 0, 15o) and the second (0, 0, 45o).
Properties:
Material:
EX
40000.0 psi
EY
1000.0 psi
EZ
1000.0 psi
GXY
500.0 psi
GXZ
500.0 psi
GYZ
416.7 psi
NUXY
0.25
NUXZ
0.0
NUYZ
0.0
Figure 2.29: Geometry and Finite Element Mesh of a Clamped Square Plate under Pressure Loading
Reference:
1.
A.K. Noor and M.D. Mathers, Finite Element Analysis of Anisotropic Plates, International Journal for Numerical Methods in Engineering, 11, 289-307, 1977.
2-69
Table 2.15: Comparison of results for the clamped square orthotropic plate under pressure
loading
Rotation angle
( z )
Strain energy
Mesh: 8 8 1
15o
0.1468
0.9094
Mesh: 16 16 1
15o
0.1688
0.9521
Reference 1
15o
0.17460
Mesh: 8 8 1
45o
0.1799
1.2738
Mesh: 16 16 1
45o
0.2184
1.5805
Reference 1
45o
0.2262
1.6311
Source
Central Transverse
Displacement (w)
2-71
*SETS
101,R, 20, 60, 20,
102,R, 10, 120, 10,
*LDCASE, ID= 1
1, 1, 2, 1, 2, 2, 0, 0.000, 0.000
*SPDISP
**_DISP3_: SPDISP, SET =
1
1,UX , 0.00000E+00,,,,,,,, 0
1,UY , 0.00000E+00,,,,,,,, 0
1,UZ , 0.00000E+00,,,,,,,, 0
2,UX , 0.00000E+00,,,,,,,, 0
:
:
180,UZ , 0.00000E+00,,,,,,,, 0
181,UX , 0.00000E+00,,,,,,,, 0
181,UY , 0.00000E+00,,,,,,,, 0
181,UZ , 0.00000E+00,,,,,,,, 0
*PRESSURE
**_DISP3_: PRESSURE, SET =
1
1,,,1,0, 0,
1.0, 0, 0
2,,,1,0, 0,
1.0, 0, 0
3,,,1,0, 0,
1.0, 0, 0
4,,,1,0, 0,
1.0, 0, 0
:
:
61,,,1,0, 0,
1.0, 0, 0
62,,,1,0, 0,
1.0, 0, 0
63,,,1,0, 0,
1.0, 0, 0
64,,,1,0, 0,
1.0, 0, 0
*PRINTCNTL
AVND,102
DISP,102
ELFO,101
ELSE,101
ELST,101
SLFO,0
*ENDDATA
Element Type:
3-D eight noded laminated composite shell element (NKTP = 32, NORDR = 2)
Problem:
A nine layers laminated square plate, ten inches wide, is simply supported and subjected to a uniform
pressure of 10 psi (Figure 2.30). The lamination is alternating at 0o and 90o with respect to global xaxis. The total thickness of the five layers at 0o is same as the total thickness of the four layers at 90o.
To show a wide applicability of the element, three problems are solved. (a) a very thin plate (b) a thin
plate and (c) a thick plate. The central transverse displacement, total strain energy and the central
moment resultant (MXX) are computed in each case.
Properties:
In the material directions, the elastic properties and allowable stresses are:
Material:
EX
EY
GXY = GXZ
GYZ
NUXY
0.25
FXT
FXC
FYT
FYC
FS
(Moduli of elasticity)
(Shear moduli)
(Poisson's ratio)
(Allowable Stresses)
Note: The allowable stresses are input as material properties for laminated composite elements.
2-73
Figure 2.30: Geometry and Finite Element Mesh of a Nine Layer Cross-Ply Orthotropic Plate
Case 1.
Case 2.
Case 3.
Reference:
1.
A.K. Noor and M.D. Mathers, Shear Flexible Finite Element Models of Laminated Composite
Plates and Shells, NASA TN D-8044, 1975.
Table 2.16: Comparison of results for the simply supported square orthotropic plate under
pressure loading
Thickness to
Length Ratio
(t/a)
Central Transverse
Deflection
Strain Energy
Central Moment
(MXX) Resultant
NISA
NISA
NISA
Ref. [1]
Ref. [1]
Ref. [1]
0.1
0.0005844
0.0005848
0.126
0.126
91.68
84.24
0.01
0.4474
0.4486
92.8
93.0
96.42
88.79
0.001
365.30
447.2
74952.0
92700.0
80.60
88.85
2-75
1,1,1,1,1,1,1
*NODES
1,,,, 0.00000E+00, 0.00000E+00, 0.00000E+00,
2,,,, 1.25000E+00, 0.00000E+00, 0.00000E+00,
3,,,, 2.50000E+00, 0.00000E+00, 0.00000E+00,
4,,,, 3.75000E+00, 0.00000E+00, 0.00000E+00,
5,,,, 5.00000E+00, 0.00000E+00, 0.00000E+00,
6,,,, 0.00000E+00, 1.25000E+00, 0.00000E+00,
8,,,, 2.50000E+00, 1.25000E+00, 0.00000E+00,
10,,,, 5.00000E+00, 1.25000E+00, 0.00000E+00,
11,,,, 0.00000E+00, 2.50000E+00, 0.00000E+00,
12,,,, 1.25000E+00, 2.50000E+00, 0.00000E+00,
13,,,, 2.50000E+00, 2.50000E+00, 0.00000E+00,
14,,,, 3.75000E+00, 2.50000E+00, 0.00000E+00,
15,,,, 5.00000E+00, 2.50000E+00, 0.00000E+00,
16,,,, 0.00000E+00, 3.75000E+00, 0.00000E+00,
18,,,, 2.50000E+00, 3.75000E+00, 0.00000E+00,
20,,,, 5.00000E+00, 3.75000E+00, 0.00000E+00,
21,,,, 0.00000E+00, 5.00000E+00, 0.00000E+00,
22,,,, 1.25000E+00, 5.00000E+00, 0.00000E+00,
23,,,, 2.50000E+00, 5.00000E+00, 0.00000E+00,
24,,,, 3.75000E+00, 5.00000E+00, 0.00000E+00,
25,,,, 5.00000E+00, 5.00000E+00, 0.00000E+00,
*ELEMENTS
1, 1, 1, 0, 0,,,,, 0
1, 2, 3, 8, 13, 12, 11, 6,
2, 1, 1, 0, 0,,,,, 0
3, 4, 5, 10, 15, 14, 13, 8,
3, 1, 1, 0, 0,,,,, 0
11, 12, 13, 18, 23, 22, 21, 16,
4, 1, 1, 0, 0,,,,, 0
13, 14, 15, 20, 25, 24, 23, 18,
*MATERIAL
EX , 1, 0, 4.00000E+07,
EY , 1, 0, 1.00000E+06,
NUXY, 1, 0, 2.50000E-01,
GXY , 1, 0, 6.00000E+05,
GXZ , 1, 0, 6.00000E+05,
GYZ , 1, 0, 5.00000E+05,
DENS, 1, 0, 1.00010E+00,
FXC , 1, 0, 1.00000E+05,
FXT , 1, 0, 1.50000E+05,
FYC , 1, 0, 1.50000E+04,
FYT , 1, 0, 1.00000E+04,
FS , 1, 0, 2.00000E+04,
*SETS
101,S, 1, 4,
102,R, 1, 25, 2,
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
2-77
*LDCASE, ID= 1
1, 1, 2, 1, 0, 1, 0, 0.000, 0.000
*SPDISP
**_DISP3_: SPDISP, SET =
1
1,UX , 0.00000E+00,,,,,,,, 0
1,UY , 0.00000E+00,,,,,,,, 0
1,UZ , 0.00000E+00,,,,,,,, 0
:
:
25,UX , 0.00000E+00,,,,,,,, 0
25,UY , 0.00000E+00,,,,,,,, 0
25,ROTX, 0.00000E+00,,,,,,,, 0
25,ROTY, 0.00000E+00,,,,,,,, 0
*PRESSURE
**_DISP3_: PRESSURE, SET =
1
1,,,1,0, 0, 10.0, 0, 0
2,,,1,0, 0, 10.0, 0, 0
3,,,1,0, 0, 10.0, 0, 0
4,,,1,0, 0, 10.0, 0, 0
*SFDCOMP
0.0,0,0
*PRINTCNTL
AVND,102
DISP,102
ELFO,101
ELSE,101
ELST,101
REAC,102
SLFO,0
*ENDDATA
2-79
Element Type:
3-D eight noded sandwich shell element (NKTP = 33, NORDR = 2)
Problem:
A simply supported square sandwich plate, ten inches wide, is subjected to a uniform normal pressure
of 100 psi. The face sheets and the core material are orthotropic in global XY plane (i.e. material axes
coincide with global X and Y axes). The face sheets and the core material are 0.028 inch and 0.75 inch
thick, respectively.
The center transverse deflections is computed. Also, contour plots of the inplane stresses are shown.
Properties:
Material:
In the material principal directions, the following properties are used
(a) Face Sheets
EX
EY
GXY
NUXY
0.3
(Poisson's ratio)
FXT =
FXC
FYT
FYC
(Elastic moduli)
(Allowable stresses)
0.0
GXZ
GYZ
1.2 104psi
FTS
2.0 104psi
(Elastic modulus)
(Shear moduli)
(Allowable stresses)
Note: The allowable stresses are input as material properties for laminated composite elements. A zero
value for EX indicates that material type 2 is a core material.
2-80 NISA II Verification Manual
Figure 2.31: Geometry and Finite Element Mesh of a Three-layer Sandwich Plate
2-81
stresses. The transverse shear stress resultant (Qx) contour plots show the distribution of transverse
shear stress in the core.
Reference:
1.
T.P. Khatua and Y.K. Chueng, Bending and Vibration of Multilayer Sandwich Beams and Plates,
International Journal for Numerical Methods in Engineering, 6, 11-24, 1973.
Table 2.17: Comparison of results for the simply supported sandwich plate under pressure
loading
Source
NISA
0.1254
0.123
0.1213
Figure 2.32: Contour Plots of Stress and Resultant for a Simply Supported
Sandwich Plate under Uniform Pressure
2-83
*CFORCE
**_DISP3_: CFORCE, SET =
1
2,FY,-2.00000E+00,,, 0, 0
*ENDDATA
2-85
Element Type:
2-D beam element (NKTP = 13, NORDR = 1)
2-D gap element (NKTP = 42)
Problem:
A 10 inch long cantilever beam is propped at the free end by a column of 10 inch height. The beam and
column joint has a 0.1 inch gap (Figure 2.33). The beam and the column have same cross-sectional
area and moment of inertia. The cantilever is subjected to a tip load of 2 pounds.
The displacement under the load and the axial force in the column are calculated.
Properties:
Material:
EX
(Modulus of elasticity)
NUXY
0.0
(Poisson's ratio)
Cross-section:
IZZ
10 in4
3 in 2
(Cross-sectional area)
(2.1)
P L 2 A
3 A EX IZZ GW
FX = ---------------------------------------- + ---------------------------------------------2
( 3 IZZ + A L ) L ( 3 IZZ + A L 2 )
(2.2)
The NISA results exactly matches the values calculated using the above formulas
2-87
:
19,,,, 6.00000E+02,-1.20000E+00, 0.00000E+00,
20,,,, 8.00000E+02,-1.00000E+02, 0.00000E+00,
21,,,, 8.00000E+02,-5.00000E-01, 0.00000E+00,
22,,,, 1.00000E+03,-1.00000E+02, 0.00000E+00,
*ELEMENTS
1, 1, 1, 1, 0
1, 2,
2, 1, 1, 1, 0
1, 3,
:
:
28, 0, 3, 6, 0
7, 19,
29, 0, 3, 7, 0
9, 21,
*MATERIAL
EX , 1, 0, 3.00000E+07,
*SETS
111,R, 3, 9, 2, 15, 21, 2,
*LDCASE, ID= 1
0, 1, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0.000, 0.000
*SPDISP
**_DISP3_: SPDISP, SET =
1
6,UX , 0.00000E+00,,,,,,,, 0
12,UX , 0.00000E+00,,,,,,,, 0
12,UY , 0.00000E+00,,,,,,,, 0
14,UX , 0.00000E+00,,,,,,,, 0
:
:
20,UY , 0.00000E+00,,,,,,,, 0
21,UX , 0.00000E+00,,,,,,,, 0
22,UX , 0.00000E+00,,,,,,,, 0
22,UY , 0.00000E+00,,,,,,,, 0
*CFORCE
**_DISP3_: CFORCE, SET =
1
3,FY,-4.00000E+04,,, 0, 0
5,FY,-4.00000E+04,,, 0, 0
7,FY,-4.00000E+04,,, 0, 0
9,FY,-4.00000E+04,,, 0, 0
*PRINTCNTL
DISP,111
SLFO,0
*ENDDATA
0
0
0
0
2-89
Element Type:
2-D beam element (NKTP = 13, NORDR = 1)
2-D spring element (NKTP = 18, NORDR = 1)
2-D gap element (NKTP = 42)
Problem:
A 30 inch long beam (3 inches wide, 1 inch deep) rests on an elastic soil foundation (Figure 2.34). The
soil is active in compression only. A concentrated load of 8000 lbs. is applied at the midspan of the
beam. The foundation modulus is 5000 lb./in3.
The midspan displacement and the contact length of the beam are calculated.
Properties:
Material:
EX
NUXY
0.0
(Poisson's ratio)
Cross-Section:
IZZ
0.25 in4
3 in2
(Cross-sectional area)
Figure 2.34: Geometry, Loading and Finite Element Model for a Beam on Elastic
Foundation
References:
1.
M. Hetenyi, Beams on Elastic Foundation, University of Michigan Press, Ann Arbor, Michigan,
1967.
2.
F. Faten Mahmoud, N.J. Salamon and W.R. Marks, A Direct Automated Procedure for Frictionless Contact Problem, International Journal for Numerical Methods in Engineering, 18, 245-257,
1982.
2-91
Displacemet under
the Load (inches)
Half Length of
Contact (inches)
0.043468
10.401
0.043471
10.4125
0.043478
10.546
0.043480
10.505
Ref. [2]
0.042420
11.792
2-93
2,UX , 0.00000E+00,,,,,,,, 0
:
:
4,UZ , 0.00000E+00,,,,,,,, 0
5,UX , 0.00000E+00,,,,,,,, 0
5,UY , 0.00000E+00,,,,,,,, 0
5,UZ , 0.00000E+00,,,,,,,, 0
*FRCNTL
1,6,0,5
*ANGSEC
0.0,18.0,54.0,90.0,180.0
*FRCOEF
FRSET,1,1.0
COS,1,1.887
COS,2,1.577
COS,3,1.15
COS,4,0.709
COS,5,0.34
*PRESSURE
**_DISP3_: PRESSURE, SET =
1
2,,,2,0, 1, 227.36, 0, 0
4,,,2,0, 1, 227.36, 0, 0
6,,,2,0, 1, 227.36, 0, 0
8,,,2,0, 1, 227.36, 0, 0
*PRINTCNTL
AVND,102
DISP,102
ELFO,101
ELSE,101
ELST,101
REAC,102
SLFO,0
*ENDDATA
Element Type:
2-D spar element (NKTP = 15)
2-D spring element (NKTP = 18)
2-D gap element (NKTP = 42)
Problem:
A 1000 inch span (5 panels of 200 inch each) truss has six (flexible) supports Figure 2.35. The four
supports, located in between the end supports, are misaligned. The misalignments and the three pointloads on the truss are shown in Figure 2.35. The displacements at the joints (at the bottom chord of the
truss) and the final gap widths are calculated.
Properties:
Material:
EX
(Modulus of elasticity)
Cross-section:
A1
10.0 in2
A2
10.0 in2
2-95
Reference:
1.
Node
Reference
-1.1801 10-1
-5.9902 10-1
-1.1801 10-1
-5.9902 10-1
-3.8220 10-2
-9.1924 10-1
-3.8220 10-2
-9.1924 10-1
-5.3594 10-2
-9.0721 10-1
5.3594 10-2
-9.0721 10-1
1.2368 10-1
-5.3625 10-1
1.2368 10-1
-5.362 10-1
15
0.0
17
0.0
19
0.0
21
0.0
0.0
0.0
-1.9241 10-2
0.0
1.5285 10-13
0.0
-1.9241 10-2
0.0
-3.6254 10-2
0.0
4.3663 10-13
-3.6254 10-2
Initial Gap
Width
Extent of Gap
Contact
Reference [l]
Final Gap Width
3-15
0.8
No Contact
No Contact
5-17
0.9
-1.9241 10-2
-1.9241 10-2
7-19
1.2
No Contact
No Contact
9-21
0.5
-3.6254 10-2
-3.6254 10-2
NISA
Ref. [1]
0.0
0.0
19240
19240
0.0
0.0
36254
36250.
2-97
:
19,,,, 6.00000E+02,-1.20000E+00, 0.00000E+00,
20,,,, 8.00000E+02,-1.00000E+02, 0.00000E+00,
21,,,, 8.00000E+02,-5.00000E-01, 0.00000E+00,
22,,,, 1.00000E+03,-1.00000E+02, 0.00000E+00,
*ELEMENTS
1, 1, 1, 1, 0
1, 2,
2, 1, 1, 1, 0
1, 3,
:
:
28, 0, 3, 6, 0
7, 19,
29, 0, 3, 7, 0
9, 21,
*MATERIAL
EX , 1, 0, 3.00000E+07,
*SETS
111,R, 3, 9, 2, 15, 21, 2,
*LDCASE, ID= 1
0, 1, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0.000, 0.000
*SPDISP
**_DISP3_: SPDISP, SET =
1
6,UX , 0.00000E+00,,,,,,,, 0
12,UX , 0.00000E+00,,,,,,,, 0
12,UY , 0.00000E+00,,,,,,,, 0
14,UX , 0.00000E+00,,,,,,,, 0
:
:
20,UY , 0.00000E+00,,,,,,,, 0
21,UX , 0.00000E+00,,,,,,,, 0
22,UX , 0.00000E+00,,,,,,,, 0
22,UY , 0.00000E+00,,,,,,,, 0
*CFORCE
**_DISP3_: CFORCE, SET =
1
3,FY,-4.00000E+04,,, 0, 0
5,FY,-4.00000E+04,,, 0, 0
7,FY,-4.00000E+04,,, 0, 0
9,FY,-4.00000E+04,,, 0, 0
*PRINTCNTL
DISP,111
SLFO,0
*ENDDATA
0
0
0
0
2-99
Element Type:
Axisymmetric solid element with nonaxisymmetric loading (NKTP = 34, NORDR = 2)
Problem:
A hollow circular cylinder, fixed at one end, has an inside radius of 5.0 inches, and outside radius of
7.0 inches and length of 8.0 inches. It is subjected to an external pressure, P( ) = (Pi/2)(l+cos(m ))
per unit area (where m = 10/3 and m m ) on a portion of the circumference as shown in
Figure 2.36. The total load over the whole cylinder is 10,000 lb/in. It is desired to compute the
displacement at the outer radius of the free end and stresses at the fixed end.
Properties:
Material:
EX
= 3.0 107psi
NUXY = 0.3
(Modulus of elasticity)
(Poisson's ratio)
(2.3)
The value of Pi in the pressure distribution is calculated from the given total load P tot ;
---- P
m i
----- ( 1
2
-----m
+ cos m )R d = 10000 lb in
(2.4)
which gives:
m
P i = ------- P tot
R
(lb/in2)
2-101
The value of the Fourier coefficients a, can be calculated by the integration. By choosing the first six
terms, we obtain:
a 0 = 1.0P tot
a 1 = 1.88P tot
a 2 = 1.557P tot
a 3 = 1.150P tot
a 4 = 0.709P tot
a 5 = 0.340P tot
tot
where P tot = ---------
2R
In the second model, 3-D solid elements (NKTP = 4, NORDR = 2) are used to model 180' segment of
the cylinder. A total of 80 elements and 577 nodes are used (see Figure 2.38).
A similar pressure load is applied on the element surface along the circumferential direction according
to the function.
P ( ) = ( P i 2 ) ( 1 + cos m)
(2.5)
10 tot
- = 1515.8 lb/in
and the value of P i as obtained above is P i = ------ -------3 R
8 node Axisymmetric
Elements with
Nonaxisymmetric Loading
20-node Three
Dimensional Solid
Elements
Number of elements
80
Number of nodes
37
577
Total DOF
111
1731
2-103
UX
UX
UY
UZ
UY
UZ
0o
-3.047
0.8282
0.0
-3.02
0.822
0.0
18o
-2.51
0.6915
-0.394
-2.49
0.687
-0.397
54o
-0.671
0.3218
0.545
-0.671
0.0346
0.529
90o
-0.629
-0.2688
1.111
-0.627
-0.267
1.10
180o
0.1826
0.05329
0.0
0.179
0.0528
0.0
Element Type
0o
Node-2
Node-3
Node-4
Node-5
Axisymmetric
3-D solid
7196.7
7309.0
4814.9
5232.0
4180.95
5052.0
8160.0
7970.0
12486.6
11948.0
18o
Axisymmetric
3-D solid
6530.0
6499.0
4404.6
4624.0
3612.15
4243.0
6630.5
6454.0
10157.0
9688.0
90o
Axisymmetric
3-D solid
2004.7
2009.0
1777.9
1828.0
1985.05
2032.0
2836.8
2729.0
3863.6
3722.0
180o
Axisymmetric
3-D solid
111.0
125.2
90.03
101.7
94.54
98.25
125.6
123.4
168.9
176.0
Ux: Radial
10-3 inch
Uy: Axial
10-3 inch
Uz: Circumferential
10-3 inch
0o
- 3.047
0.8282
0.0
18o
-2.509
0.6915
0.4004
54o
0.04679
0.03218
0.8629
90o
1.111
-0.2688
0.6290
180o
-0.1826
0.05329
0.0
2-105
2,UX , 0.00000E+00,,,,,,,, 0
:
:
4,UZ , 0.00000E+00,,,,,,,, 0
5,UX , 0.00000E+00,,,,,,,, 0
5,UY , 0.00000E+00,,,,,,,, 0
5,UZ , 0.00000E+00,,,,,,,, 0
*FRCNTL
1,6,0,5
*ANGSEC
0.0,18.0,54.0,90.0,180.0
*FRCOEF
FRSET,1,1.0
COS,1,1.887
COS,2,1.577
COS,3,1.15
COS,4,0.709
COS,5,0.34
*PRESSURE
**_DISP3_: PRESSURE, SET =
1
2,,,2,0, 1, 227.36, 0, 0
4,,,2,0, 1, 227.36, 0, 0
6,,,2,0, 1, 227.36, 0, 0
8,,,2,0, 1, 227.36, 0, 0
*PRINTCNTL
AVND,102
DISP,102
ELFO,101
ELSE,101
ELST,101
REAC,102
SLFO,0
*ENDDATA
Element Type:
3-D elbow element (NKTP = 47, NORDR = 1)
Problem:
A quarter bend cantilever elbow with outer diameter = 10 in, thickness = 0.25 in and radius of
curvature = 100 in Figure 2.39 is subjected to (a) concentrated tip force FZ, (b) concentrated tip
moment MX, and (c) concentrated tip moment MY.
Properties:
Material:
EX
1.0 107psi
(Modulus of elasticity)
NUXY
0.3
(Poisson's ratio)
Cross-section:
D
10 in
(Outer diameter)
0.25 in
100 in
(Radius of curvature)
Deformation Factors:
SHY
1.887 (Default)
FLX
dd----------------
2
1.65r (ASME)
tR
2-107
Case 1.
Case 2.
Case 3.
Reference:
1.
I. Vigness, Elastic Properties of Curved Tubes, Transactions of the ASME, February 1943.
UZ
X
Y
Case 1
Case 2
Case 3
NISA
Theory[1]
NISA
Theory[1]
NISA
Theory[1]
1.87157
1.86168
-1.57518
-1.57518
-1.04656
-1.04654
10-1
10-1
10-3
10-3
10-3
10-3
-1.57518
-1.57518
2.47429
2.47427
1.47457
1.47456
10-3
10-3
10-5
10-5
10-6
10-6
-1.04656
-1.04654
1.47457
1.47456
2.47429
2.47427
10-3
10-3
10-6
10-6
10-5
10-5
Figure 2.39: Geometry and the Finite Element Mesh for the Cantilever Elbow under
Multiple Loading Conditions
2-109
*CFORCE
**_DISP3_: CFORCE, SET =
2
1,MX, 1.00000E+02,,, 0, 0
*LDCASE, ID= 3
1, 1, 3, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0.000, 0.000
*CFORCE
**_DISP3_: CFORCE, SET =
3
1,MY, 1.00000E+02,,, 0, 0
*ENDDATA
2-111
Element Type:
3-D elbow element (NKTP = 47, NORDR = 1)
Problem:
A quarter bend cantilever beam with a circular cross section of diameter = 10 in and a radius of
curvature = 100 in Figure 2.40 is subjected to (a) concentrated tip force FZ, (b) concentrated tip
moment FY, and (c) concentrated tip moment MZ.
Properties:
Material:
EX
(Modulus of elasticity)
NUXY
0.3
(Poisson's ratio)
Cross-section:
D
10 in
(Section diameter)
100 in
(Radius of curvature)
Deformation Factors:
ALPHY
0.0 in
FLX
1.0 in
(Flexibility Factor)
Case 1.
Case 2.
Case 3.
Reference:
1.
R.J. Roark, Formula for Stress and Strain, 4th Edition, McGraw-Hill Book Co., New York,
1965.
Figure 2.40: Geometry and the Finite Element Mesh for the Cantilever Curved Beam
under Multiple Loading Conditions
2-113
NISA
1.60100 10-2
1.01796 10-2
2.03718 10-4
Theory[1]
1.60100 10-2
1.01796 10-2
2.03718 10-4
NISA
1.01796 10-2
7.26633 10-3
1.16282 10-4
Theory[1]
1.01796 10-2
7.26633 10-3
1.16281 10-4
NISA
2.03718 10-4
1.16282 10-4
3.20000 10-6
Theory[1]
2.03718 10-4
1.16281 10-4
3.20000 10-6
Results
Case 1
Case 2
Case 3
2-115
Element Type:
2-D planar Beam element (NKTP= 13, NORDR= 1)
Problem:
Restarts are to be used to analyze the frame for the three loading situations shown in Figure 2.42
through Figure 2.44. Also, the concentrated vertical load at B which will cause the frame to buckle is
to be determined.
Properties:
Material:
EX
(Modulus of elasticity)
NUXY
0.0
(Poisson's ratio)
Cross-section:
Square of side 4 in
A
16 in2
(Area of cross-section)
IZZ
21.3333 in4
2-117
After the successful completion of the check run, a Static Restart 1 is done in order to find the
displacement of the structure for load case ID no. 100. It may be seen that the model data block is
absent since it is accessed from File 26 of the previous run. It is for this reason that it is essential that
the FILENAME prefix be the same in the initial and restart input files. Files 24, 27, 28 and 30 are
explicitly saved in this run since it is expected that further restarts may be done later. File 26 is saved
automatically at the end of this restart run because any old file saved in a preceding run is always saved
in its new state if modified, and in its old state if unaltered. It may also be observed from *LDCASE
that only the displacement solution is computed for load case ID 100. The vertical displacement of
point B for this load case is shown in Table 2.28.
The next step in the procedure is to analyze the structure for a different loading situation, namely, load
case ID 200. A Static Restart 3 is done now instead of starting from scratch, the advantage being that
information from previous runs (for example, model data, element stiffness matrices, decomposed
stiffness matrix) can be readily utilized. The boundary conditions need not be specified in this restart
run because they are unchanged from the earlier run. Again from *LDCASE, it can be seen that only
displacements are computed for load case ID 200 at this time. The vertical displacement of point B for
this load case is also listed in Table 2.28.
The displacement of the frame when subjected to the loads in Figure 2.44 is easily computed by doing
a Restart 2 now and combining load case ID 100 and load case ID 200 (*LDCOMB) with factors of
0.5 and 1.0, respectively. Assume also that the end force/moments for load case ID 100 (not computed
in the Restart 1 run) are now desired and that so also are the reactions for each of the two load cases.
These can be obtained in this restart run by appropriate *LDCASE entries. The displacements of the
structure evaluated in earlier runs are used to compute these quantities. The end moment at B for load
case ID 100 and the moment reactions at C for load case ID 100 and load case ID 200 are tabulated in
Table 2.28.
The values of the various quantities determined by the above restarts can be verified either by
performing a simple indeterminate frame analysis as in Ref. [I], or determining the same quantities by
carrying out a scratch NISA run without employing restarts. The values obtained from the scratch runs
are shown in the last column of Table 2.28. It can be seen that the two columns are identical.
Finally, a buckling analysis is performed to evaluate the concentrated vertical load at B which will
cause the frame to buckle. This can be done now by a Buckling Restart 4 from the last static restart
run. Note that the *LDCASE data group refers to load case ID 100. If this data group had been
omitted, the latest *LDCASE data group specified in the earlier runs (i.e., load case ID 200) would
have been used for the buckling analysis. The first buckling load factor is found to be 1.1597 which
gives a buckling load of -1159.7 Kips, which is in close agreement with the theoretical value of 1158.3 Kips obtained from Ref [2].
References:
1.
R.L. Ketter, G.C. Lee and S.P. Prawel, Jr., Structural Analysis and Design, McGraw-Hill Book
Co., New York, 1979.
2.
A. Chajes, Principles of Structural Stability Theory, Civil Engineering and Engineering Mechanics Series, N.M. Newmark and W.J. Hall, Editors, Prentice-Hall Inc., Englewood Cliffs, New
Jersey, 1974.
2-119
Restart Run
Scratch Run
3.80416 101(Kip-in)
-6.34151 101(Kip-in)
-7.25286 102(Kip-in)
-7.25286 102(Kip-in)
2-121
1,UX , 0.00000E+00,,,,,,,, 0
1,UY , 0.00000E+00,,,,,,,, 0
7,UX , 0.00000E+00,,,,,,,, 0
7,UY , 0.00000E+00,,,,,,,, 0
7,ROTZ, 0.00000E+00,,,,,,,, 0
*CFORCE
**_DISP3_: CFORCE, SET = 100
6,FY,-1.00000E+06,,, 0, 0
*ENDDATA
FILE=S25
*TITLE
DEMONSTRATION OF RESTARTS IN STATIC ANALYSIS: RESTART 2
**
**
** IN THIS RESTART, REACTIONS AND ELEMENT STRESSES ARE COMPUTED
** FOR LOAD CASE 100; ALSO, THE ELEMENT STRESSES ARE PRINTED IN
** OUTPUT FILE
*LDCASE, ID=100
0,1,2,0
*PRINTCNTL
ELST,0
**
**
** IN THIS RESTART, REACTIONS ARE COMPUTED FOR LOAD CASE 200
*LDCASE, ID=200
0,1,0,0
**
**
** COMBINATION OF LOAD CASES 100 AND 200 IS DONE TO DETERMINE
** DISPLACEMENTS OF STRUCTURE TO A NEW SET OF LOADS.
*LDCOMB, ID=300
1,0
100,0.5,200,1.0
*ENDDATA
2-123
Element Type:
1.
2.
3.
Problem:
Figure 2.45 shows a square plate of size 32 32 in. and a total thickness, h equal to 3.2 in., subjected
to a uniform distributed pressure, q equal to 1.0 ksi. Global axes, x and y, are placed at the middle
surface (reference surface) of the plate. Axis z is a normal to the reference surface. Nine layers, 0/45/
45/45/45/-45/-45/-45/-45, are selected to represent eight-layer anti-symmetric angle-ply plate. Top
layer, with angle 0 (measured with respect to x-axis) and thickness 1.0 10-15, is considered to
express interlaminar shear stresses with respect to the global axes.
Numerical results for interlaminar shear stresses obtained from NISA II are compared with that due to
Chaudhuri and Seide [1] as well as the CLT (classical lamination theory) solution.
Properties:
The following material properties are used:
EX
25 l06 psi
EY
106 psi
GXY=GXZ
GYZ
NUXY
0.25
2-125
Reference:
1.
R.A. Chaudhuri and P. Seide, An Approximate Semi-Analytical Method for Prediction of Interlaminar Shear Stresses in an Arbitrarily Laminated Thick Plate, Computers & Structures, 25(4),
627-636, 1987.
2-127
2-129
253,,,2,0, 0,
1.0, 0,
254,,,2,0, 0,
1.0, 0,
255,,,2,0, 0,
1.0, 0,
256,,,2,0, 0,
1.0, 0,
*STRSFILTER
0.0,0.0,0.0,0.0,0.0,0.0,0.0,0.0
*SFDCOMP
0.08,3,1
*PRINTCNTL
AVND,102
DISP,102
ELFO,101
ELSE,101
ELST,101
REAC,102
SLFO,0
*ENDDATA
0
0
0
0
*LAMSQ2
**_DISP3_: 1,NAME =
1,9,1,1
2,1,1,1,1,1,1,1,1,3
1,1,1,1,2,2,2,2,1,1
1,1,1,1,1,1,1
*NODES
1,,,, 0.00000E+00, 0.00000E+00, 0.00000E+00,
2,,,, 2.66667E+00, 0.00000E+00, 0.00000E+00,
3,,,, 5.33333E+00, 0.00000E+00, 0.00000E+00,
4,,,, 8.00000E+00, 0.00000E+00, 0.00000E+00,
:
:
166,,,, 2.40000E+01, 3.20004E+01, 0.00000E+00,
167,,,, 2.66667E+01, 3.20004E+01, 0.00000E+00,
168,,,, 2.93333E+01, 3.20004E+01, 0.00000E+00,
169,,,, 3.20000E+01, 3.20004E+01, 0.00000E+00,
*ELEMENTS
1, 1, 1, 1, 0,,,,, 0
1, 15, 29, 28, 27, 14,
2, 1, 1, 1, 0,,,,, 0
1, 2, 3, 16, 29, 15,
:
:
70, 1, 1, 1, 0,,,,, 0
139, 140, 141, 154, 167, 153,
71, 1, 1, 1, 0,,,,, 0
141, 155, 169, 168, 167, 154,
72, 1, 1, 1, 0,,,,, 0
141, 142, 143, 156, 169, 155,
*MATERIAL
EX , 1, 0, 2.50000E+04,
EY , 1, 0, 1.00000E+03,
NUXY, 1, 0, 2.50000E-01,
GXY , 1, 0, 5.00000E+02,
GXZ , 1, 0, 5.00000E+02,
GYZ , 1, 0, 2.00000E+02,
*SETS
101,S, 1, 35, 36,
102,R, 1, 100, 5,
*LDCASE, ID= 1
1, 1, 3, 1, 0, 2, 0, 0.000, 0.000
*SPDISP
**_DISP3_: SPDISP, SET =
1
1,UX , 0.00000E+00,,,,,,,, 0
1,UY , 0.00000E+00,,,,,,,, 0
1,UZ , 0.00000E+00,,,,,,,, 0
1,ROTX, 0.00000E+00,,,,,,,, 0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
2-131
:
:
169,UZ , 0.00000E+00,,,,,,,, 0
169,ROTX, 0.00000E+00,,,,,,,, 0
169,ROTY, 0.00000E+00,,,,,,,, 0
169,ROTZ, 0.00000E+00,,,,,,,, 0
*PRESSURE
**_DISP3_: PRESSURE, SET =
1
1,,,2,0, 0,
1.0, 0, 0
2,,,2,0, 0,
1.0, 0, 0
3,,,2,0, 0,
1.0, 0, 0
4,,,2,0, 0,
1.0, 0, 0
:
:
69,,,2,0, 0,
1.0, 0, 0
70,,,2,0, 0,
1.0, 0, 0
71,,,2,0, 0,
1.0, 0, 0
72,,,2,0, 0,
1.0, 0, 0
*STRSFILTER
0.0,0.0,0.0,0.0,0.0,0.0,0.0,0.0
*SFDCOMP
0.07,1,52
*PRINTCNTL
AVND,102
DISP,102
ELSE,101
ELST,101
SLFO,0
*ENDDATA
Element Type:
1.
2.
3.
Problem:
Figure 2.47 shows geometry of a spherical shell of radius of curvature, R equal to 640 in. and total
thickness, h equal to 3.2 in., subjected to a uniform distributed pressure, q equal to 1.0 ksi. Local axes,
x and y, are placed at middle surface (reference surface) of the shell thickness. Axis z is normal to the
reference surface.
Numerical results for interlaminar shear stresses obtained from NISA II are compared with the exact
solution presented by Reddy [1].
Properties:
The following material properties are used:
Material:
EX
25 l06 psi
EY
106 psi
GXY = GXZ
5.0 105psi
GYZ
NUXY
0.25
2-133
Reference:
1.
J.N. Reddy, Exact Solutions of Moderately Thick Laminated Shells, ASCE Journal of Engineering Mechanics, 110(5), 794-809, 1984.
Table 2.29: Transverse shear stresses of a cross-ply laminated spherical shell with
R/a = R/b = 20 and a/h = 10 for NKTP=32 & NORDR=2.
xz , at X=-15.57, Y=14.42,
yz at X=-0.4243, Y=0.4225.
Z 640 ;
Gauss Point No. 3 of
Element No. 113
Z 640 ;
Gauss Point No. 2 of
Element No. 8
NISA
EXACT[l]
NISA
EXACT[l]
-90/0
-687 (z=3h/4)
-6.98 (z=3h/4)
-6.76 (z=h/4)
-6.98 (z=h/4)
-90/0/0/-90
-5.88 (z=h/2)
-5.94 (z=h/2)
-4.52 (z=h/2)
-4.68 (z=h/2)
Laminations
Table 2.30: Transverse shear stresses of a cross-ply laminated spherical shell with
R/a = R/b = 20 and a/h = 10 for NKTP=32 & NORDR=3
xz , at X=-15.77, Y=15.77,
yz at X=-0.2270, Y=0.2253.
Z 640 ;
Z 640 ;
NISA
EXACT[l]
NISA
EXACT[l]
-90/0
-7.12 (z=3h/4)
-7.26 (z=3h/4)
-7.02 (z=h/4)
-7.16 (z=h/4)
-90/0/0/-90
-6.05 (z=h/2)
-6.11 (z=h/2)
-4.80 (z=h/2)
-4.97(z=h/2)
Laminations
Table 2.31: Transverse shear stresses of a cross-ply laminated spherical shell with
R/a = R/b = 20 and a/h = 10 for NKTP=32 & NORDR=11
xz , at X=-14.66, Y=13.66,
xz at X=-2.666, Y=1.333.
NISA
EXACT[l]
NISA
EXACT[l]
-90/0
-6.36 (z=3h/4)
-6.61 (z=3h/4)
-6.11 (z=h/4)
-6.51 (z=h/4)
-90/0/0/-90
-5.45 (z=h/2)
-5.72 (z=h/2)
-3.98 (z=h/2)
-4.28(z=h/2)
Laminations
2-135
2-137
833,ROTZ, 0.00000E+00,,,,,,,,
*PRESSURE
**_DISP3_: PRESSURE, SET =
1,,,2,0, 0,
1.0, 0, 0
2,,,2,0, 0,
1.0, 0, 0
3,,,2,0, 0,
1.0, 0, 0
4,,,2,0, 0,
1.0, 0, 0
:
:
0
1
253,,,2,0, 0,
1.0, 0, 0
254,,,2,0, 0,
1.0, 0, 0
255,,,2,0, 0,
1.0, 0, 0
256,,,2,0, 0,
1.0, 0, 0
*STRSFILTER
0.0,0.0,0.0,0.0,0.0,0.0,0.0,0.0
*SFDCOMP
0.07,1,52
*PRINTCNTL
AVND,102
DISP,102
ELSE,101
ELST,101
SLFO,0
*ENDDATA
-90.0,-90.0,-90.0,-90.0,-90.0,-90.0,-90.0,-90.0
-90.0,-90.0,-90.0,-90.0
2,12
0.0,0.0,0.0,0.0,0.0,0.0,0.0,0.0
0.0,0.0,0.0,0.0
*LAMSQ2
**_DISP3_: 1,NAME =
1,4,5,1
1,1,1,1,1,2,2,1,1,1
1,1
*NODES
1,,,,-1.60000E+01, 0.00000E+00, 6.39800E+02, 0
2,,,,-1.53335E+01, 0.00000E+00, 6.39816E+02, 0
3,,,,-1.46671E+01, 0.00000E+00, 6.39832E+02, 0
4,,,,-1.40006E+01, 0.00000E+00, 6.39847E+02, 0
:
:
1374,,,, 1.39971E+01, 3.20000E+01, 6.39846E+02, 0
1375,,,, 1.46636E+01, 3.20000E+01, 6.39832E+02, 0
1376,,,, 1.53301E+01, 3.20000E+01, 6.39816E+02, 0
1377,,,, 1.59966E+01, 3.20000E+01, 6.39800E+02, 0
*ELEMENTS
1, 1, 1, 1, 0,,,,, 0
1, 2, 3, 4, 51, 68, 87, 86, 85, 84,
67, 50,
2, 1, 1, 1, 0,,,,, 0
:
:
255, 1, 1, 1, 0,,,,, 0
1288, 1289, 1290, 1291, 1310, 1327, 1374, 1373, 1372, 1371,
1326, 1309,
256, 1, 1, 1, 0,,,,, 0
1291, 1292, 1293, 1294, 1311, 1328, 1377, 1376, 1375, 1374,
1327, 1310,
*G2
1,,, 1.432394, -1.432394 , 0.0
49,1,,1.432394, 1.432394 , 0.0
50,,, 1.3727110, -1.432394 , 0.0
66,1,, 1.3727110, 1.432394 , 0.0
:
:
980,,, -0.656515, -1.432394 , 0.0
996,1,, -0.656515, 1.432394 , 0.0
914,,, -0.596832, -1.432394 , 0.0
962,1,, -0.596832, 1.432394 , 0.0
*MATERIAL
EX , 1, 0, 2.50000E+04,
EY , 1, 0, 1.00000E+03,
2-139
NUXY, 1, 0, 2.50000E-01,
GXY , 1, 0, 5.00000E+02,
GXZ , 1, 0, 5.00000E+02,
GYZ , 1, 0, 2.00000E+02,
*SETS
101,S, 1, 8, 18, 113, 120,
102,R, 1, 100, 5,
*LDCASE, ID= 1
1, 1, 3, 1, 0, 2, 0, 0.000, 0.000
*SPDISP
**_DISP3_: SPDISP, SET =
1
1,UX , 0.00000E+00,,,,,,,, 0
1,UY , 0.00000E+00,,,,,,,, 0
1,UZ , 0.00000E+00,,,,,,,, 0
1,ROTX, 0.00000E+00,,,,,,,, 0
:
:
1377,UZ , 0.00000E+00,,,,,,,, 0
1377,ROTX, 0.00000E+00,,,,,,,, 0
1377,ROTY, 0.00000E+00,,,,,,,, 0
1377,ROTZ, 0.00000E+00,,,,,,,, 0
*PRESSURE
**_DISP3_: PRESSURE, SET =
1
1,,,2,0, 0,
1.0, 0, 0
2,,,2,0, 0,
1.0, 0, 0
3,,,2,0, 0,
1.0, 0, 0
4,,,2,0, 0,
1.0, 0, 0
:
:
253,,,2,0, 0,
1.0, 0, 0
254,,,2,0, 0,
1.0, 0, 0
255,,,2,0, 0,
1.0, 0, 0
256,,,2,0, 0,
1.0, 0, 0
*STRSFILTER
0.0,0.0,0.0,0.0,0.0,0.0,0.0,0.0
*SFDCOMP
0.08,3,1
*PRINTCNTL
AVND,102
DISP,102
ELSE,101
ELST,101
SLFO,0
*ENDDATA
2-141
1, 1, 1, 1, 0,,,,, 0
1, 2, 3, 19, 35, 18,
2, 1, 1, 1, 0,,,,, 0
3, 20, 37, 36, 35, 19,
:
:
126, 1, 1, 1, 0,,,,, 0
253, 270, 287, 286, 285, 269,
127, 1, 1, 1, 0,,,,, 0
253, 254, 255, 271, 287, 270,
128, 1, 1, 1, 0,,,,, 0
255, 272, 289, 288, 287, 271,
*G2
1,,, 1.432394, -1.432394 , 0.0
17,1,,1.432394, 1.432394 , 0.0
18,,, 1.253346, -1.432394 , 0.0
34,1,, 1.253346, 1.432394 , 0.0
:
:
171,,, -0.358106, -1.432394 , 0.0
187,1,, -0.358106, 1.432394 , 0.0
154,,, -0.179040, -1.432394 , 0.0
170,1,, -0.179040, 1.432394 , 0.0
*MATERIAL
EX , 1, 0, 2.50000E+04,
EY , 1, 0, 1.00000E+03,
NUXY, 1, 0, 2.50000E-01,
GXY , 1, 0, 5.00000E+02,
GXZ , 1, 0, 5.00000E+02,
GYZ , 1, 0, 2.00000E+02,
*SETS
101,S, 1, 49, 7,
102,R, 1, 100, 5,
103,S, 1,
*LDCASE, ID= 1
1, 1, 3, 1, 0, 2, 0, 0.000, 0.000
*SPDISP
**_DISP3_: SPDISP, SET =
1
1,UX , 0.00000E+00,,,,,,,, 0
1,UY , 0.00000E+00,,,,,,,, 0
1,UZ , 0.00000E+00,,,,,,,, 0
1,ROTX, 0.00000E+00,,,,,,,, 0
:
:
289,UZ , 0.00000E+00,,,,,,,, 0
289,ROTX, 0.00000E+00,,,,,,,, 0
289,ROTY, 0.00000E+00,,,,,,,, 0
289,ROTZ, 0.00000E+00,,,,,,,, 0
*PRESSURE
**_DISP3_: PRESSURE, SET =
1,,,2,0, 0,
1.0, 0, 0
2,,,2,0, 0,
1.0, 0, 0
3,,,2,0, 0,
1.0, 0, 0
4,,,2,0, 0,
1.0, 0, 0
:
:
125,,,2,0, 0,
1.0, 0, 0
126,,,2,0, 0,
1.0, 0, 0
127,,,2,0, 0,
1.0, 0, 0
128,,,2,0, 0,
1.0, 0, 0
*STRSFILTER
0.0,0.0,0.0,0.0,0.0,0.0,0.0,0.0
*SFDCOMP
0.8,3,1
*PRINTCNTL
AVND,102
DISP,102
ELSE,101
ELST,101,103
SLFO,0
*ENDDATA
2-143
Element Type:
3-D three noded laminated composite shell element (NKTP=32, NORDR=10)
Problem:
Figure 2.48 shows a 00/900 laminated square clamped plate of total thickness h = 0.64 in and span a =
32 in, subjected to a uniform distributed load q = 10 psi. The numerical result of central transverse
displacement (UZ) is compared with that of Ref. [1].
Properties:
The following material properties are used for an orthotropic lamina:
Material:
EX
EY
GXY = GYZ =
GXZ
NUXY
0.25
At Y = 0.0 in,UX=UY=UZ=ROTX=ROTY=0.0
Rotations (ROTZ) about the normal to the plate are suppressed at all nodes to avoid spurious rotations.
Table 2.32 shows the comparison of central transverse displacement with respect to the exact solution
as in Ref. [1]. The result of Ref. [1], based on the classical lamination theory, is in good agreement
with NISA.
Reference:
1.
J.M. Whitney, The Effect of Boundary Conditions on the Response of Laminated Composites,
Journal of Composite Materials, 4, 192-203, 1970.
Figure 2.48: Geometry and Finite Element Mesh for an Anti-Symmetric Cross-Ply
Laminated Clamped Plate
2-145
UZ
NISA
Ref.[1]
Error (%)
0.112 in
0.114 in
1.95
2.805
2.861
1.95
10 UZ EY h
= ---------------------------------------4
qa
(2.6)
2-147
Element Type:
3-D six noded triangular sandwich shell element (NKTP=33, NORDR=11)
Problem:
A simply supported square three-layer sandwich plate of side 10 inches and a total thickness of 0.806
inch is shown in Figure 2.49. The plate is subjected to a uniform transverse load of 100 psi. A
Cartesian coordinate system (X,Y,Z) is placed at the mid-depth of the plate thickness, with axis Z
perpendicular to the plate surface (X-Y plane).
The material properties of the face sheets and core are orthotorpic in X-Y plane. The central transverse
displacement is computed and compared with the available analytical and finite element solutions.
Properties:
The following are the material properties for face sheets and core:
Face sheets
EX
EY
GXY
NUXY
0.30
Core Material
GXZ
GYZ
Rotations about the normal to the plate are suppressed at all nodes to avoid spurious rotations.
2-148 NISA II Verification Manual
Figure 2.49: Geometry and Finite Element Mesh of a Three-layer Sandwich Square Plate
Reference:
1.
T.P. Khatua and Y.K. Chueng, Bending and Vibration of Multilayer Sandwich Beams and Plates,
International Journal for Numerical Methods in Engineering, 6, 11-24, 1973.
Table 2.33: Comparison of results for the simply supported sandwich plate subjected to transverse loading
Source
Central Transverse
Displacement (UZ)
NISA
0.12504
0.123
0.1213
2-149
2-151
8,,,2,0, 0, 100.0, 0, 0
*STRSFILTER
0.0,0.0,0.0,0.0,0.0,0.0,0.0,0.0
*SFDCOMP
0.08,3,1
*PRINTCNTL
AVND,102
DISP,102
ELSE,101
ELST,101
SLFO,0
*ENDDATA
Element Type:
3-D twenty noded solid composite element (NKTP = 7, NORDR = 2)
Problem:
A symmetric cross-ply laminated simply supported square plate of dimension, a = b=10 in., subjected
to a uniform transverse pressure load is considered Figure 2.50. The lamination sequences and
thickness of plies considered are shown in Figure 2.50. Numerical results, obtained for moderatelythick and thin plates, are compared with an exact solution based on ReissnerMindlin plate theory.
Properties:
In the material directions, the elastic properties are
Material:
EX
EY
GXY = GXZ =
GYZ
NUXY
0.25
NUXZ
0.25
NUYZ
0.25
2-153
The numerical results are obtained for span-to-depth ratios 10 and 100 to represent moderately-thick
X = 0.0 in
UX = UZ = ROTX = 0.0
Y = 0.0 in
UY = UZ = ROTY = 0.0
X = 5.0 in
UX = ROTY = 0.0
Y = 5.0 in
UY = ROTX = 0.0
Figure 2.50: Geometry and Finite Element Mesh for a Quarter of a Cross-ply Laminated Simply
Supported Plate
Reference:
1.
A.K. Noor and M.D. Mathers, Shear Flexible Finite Element Models of Laminated Plates and
Shells, NASA TN D-8044, 1975.
Ref. [l]
10
0.0006927
0.0005848
100
0.4466
0.4486
2-155
2-157
10.0,
10.0,
10.0,
10.0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0
0
0
0
Verification Problem
3
Buckling Analysis Verification
Problems
3.1
Title:
Buckling of a uniaxially compressed clamped square plate
Element Type:
3-D thin shell element (NKTP = 40, NORDR = 1)
Problem:
A square plate of dimensions shown in Figure 3.1 is clamped along all four edges and compressed by a
uniformly distributed force of 1.0 lb acting along two opposite edges. The buckling load factor is to be
determined.
Properties:
Material:
EX
(Modulus of elasticity)
NUXY
= 0.3
(Poisson's ratio)
3-1
Solution Procedure:
Conventional subspace iteration technique is used for the eigenvalue extraction.
Reference:
1.
A. Chajes, Principles of Structural Stability Theory, Prentice-Hall Inc., Englewood Cliffs, New
Jersey, 1974.
3-2
3-3
*LDCASE, ID= 1
0, 1, 3, 0, 0, 1, 0, 0.000, 0.000
*EIGCNTL
2,0,80,0,0.0,0.0,0.1E-04,0.0
*SPDISP
**_DISP3_: SPDISP, SET =
1
1,UX , 0.00000E+00,,,,,,,, 0
1,UY , 0.00000E+00,,,,,,,, 0
1,ROTX, 0.00000E+00,,,,,,,, 0
1,ROTY, 0.00000E+00,,,,,,,, 0
:
:
25,UZ , 0.00000E+00,,,,,,,, 0
25,ROTX, 0.00000E+00,,,,,,,, 0
25,ROTY, 0.00000E+00,,,,,,,, 0
25,ROTZ, 0.00000E+00,,,,,,,, 0
*CFORCE
**_DISP3_: CFORCE, SET =
1
5,FX,-6.25000E-02,,, 0, 0
10,FX,-1.25000E-01,,, 0, 0
15,FX,-1.25000E-01,,, 0, 0
20,FX,-1.25000E-01,,, 0, 0
25,FX,-6.25000E-02,,, 0, 0
*PRINTCNTL
ELST,0
SLFO,0
*ENDDATA
3-4
3.2
Title:
Buckling of a beam-spring structure
Element Type:
2-D beam element (NKTP = 13, NORDR = 1)
2-D translational spring (NKTP = 18, NORDR = 1)
Problem:
A beam of constant cross section, of length 10 inches, is subjected to an axial thrust at its upper end.
The base of the beam is fixed for both rotation and translation. At the upper end, the member is free to
rotate, but is constrained against translation by a spring of stiffness 18 lb/in as shown in Figure 3.3.
The buckling load factor is to be determined.
Properties:
Material:
EX
100.0 psi
(Modulus of elasticity)
Cross-Section:
A
1.0 in2
(Cross-sectional area)
IZZ
10.0 in4
(Moment of inertia)
3-5
Solution Procedure:
Inverse iteration technique is used to extract the eigenvalues within the range of 0.0 and 5000.0.
Reference:
1.
R.L. Ketter, G.C. Lee and S.P. Prawel, Structural Analysis And Design, McGraw-Hill Book Co.,
New York, 1970.
3-6
3-7
EX , 1, 0, 1.00000E+02,
*LDCASE, ID= 1
0, 1, 3, 0, 0, 1, 0, 0.000, 0.000
*EIGCNTL
3,0,20,0,0.0,0.0,0.1E-04,0.0
*SPDISP
**_DISP3_: SPDISP, SET =
1
1,UX , 0.00000E+00,,,,,,,, 0
1,UY , 0.00000E+00,,,,,,,, 0
1,ROTZ, 0.00000E+00,,,,,,,, 0
7,UX , 0.00000E+00,,,,,,,, 0
7,UY , 0.00000E+00,,,,,,,, 0
7,ROTZ, 0.00000E+00,,,,,,,, 0
*CFORCE
**_DISP3_: CFORCE, SET =
1
6,FX,-1.00000E+00,,, 0, 0
*ENDDATA
3-8
3.3
Title:
Buckling of a cantilever beam under compressive load
Element Type:
3-D solid element (NKTP = 4, NORDR = 2)
Problem:
A cantilever beam of dimensions shown in Figure 3.4 is subjected to a compressive end force of 1 lb
The critical load is to be determined.
Properties:
Material:
EX
NUXY
0.3
(Poisson's ratio)
Solution Procedure:
Conventional subspace iteration technique is used for the eigenvalue extraction.
3-9
Reference:
1.
A. Chajes, Principles of Structural Stabilig Theory, Prentice-Hall Inc., Englewood Cliffs, New
Jersey, 1974.
3-10
3-11
5,0,20,0,0.0,0.0,0.1E-04,0.0
*SPDISP
**_DISP3_: SPDISP, SET =
1
1,UX , 0.00000E+00,,,,,,,, 0
1,UY , 0.00000E+00,,,,,,,, 0
1,UZ , 0.00000E+00,,,,,,,, 0
42,UX , 0.00000E+00,,,,,,,, 0
:
:
1042,UZ , 0.00000E+00,,,,,,,, 0
1083,UX , 0.00000E+00,,,,,,,, 0
1083,UY , 0.00000E+00,,,,,,,, 0
1083,UZ , 0.00000E+00,,,,,,,, 0
*PRESSURE
**_DISP3_: PRESSURE, SET =
1
20,,,4,0, 0, 400.0, 0, 0
*ENDDATA
3-12
3.4
Title:
Buckling analysis of a simply supported tapered beam
Element Type:
3-D tapered beam element (NKTP = 11, NORDR = 1)
Problem:
A linearly tapered I beam, of length 144 inch, is subjected to axial thrust along its centrodial axis. Both
ends are simply supported and the deflection in the weak direction (y direction in Figure 3.5) is
constrained. The buckling load factor is to be determined for the beam.
Properties:
Material:
EX
(Modulus of elasticity)
(Poissons ratio)
= 2tb + ( d x 2t )w
IZZ
w3 bt
2
( d 2t ) + ----- ( d x t )
= ----12 x
2
b
t
W
= 4.0 in
= 0.25 in
= 0.1 in
do
= 6.0 in
dx
3x-
= d o 1 + ----L
3-13
Solution Procedure:
Subspace iteration technique is used to extract the lowest eigenvalue for the first buckling mode.
Figure 3.5: Geometry and Finite Element Mesh for Buckling of a Simply Supported
Tapered Beam
3-14
Reference:
1.
R.L. Ketter, G.C. Lee and S.P. Prawel, Structural Analysis and Design, McGraw-Hill Book Co.,
New York, 1970.
dx
IYY
6.0
2.55
17.918
0.1
7.8
2.73
31.743
0.2
9.6
2.91
49.991
0.3
11.4
3.09
72.953
0.4
13.2
3.27
100.920
0.5
15.0
3.45
134.186
0.6
16.8
3.63
173.040
0.7
18.6
3.81
217.775
0.8
20.4
3.99
268.680
0.9
22.2
4.17
326.054
1.0
24
4.35
390.180
where,
x
IYY
3-15
3-16
3-17
3-18
3-19
3.5
Title:
Buckling of a fixed-free column under self weight and applied load
Element Type:
3-D General Beam Element (NKTP = 39, NORDR = 1)
Analysis Highlights:
Buckling analysis of a stiffened structure.
Problem:
A fixed-free column of square cross section (1 1in) and of length 50 in shown in Figure 3.6 is
subjected to a concentrated force P at the free end in addition to its self weight W. The critical value of
P that will cause buckling of the column is to be determined.
Properties:
Material:
EX
NLTXY
0.0
DENS
0.125lb-sec2/in4
386.4 in/sec2
3-20
Solution Procedure:
First a linear static (STATIC) analysis is performed for a unit concentrated load at the free end of the
column. Files 26 and 27 are saved from this run. Next a nonlinear static (NLSTATIC) analysis is
performed considering geometric nonlinearity only, with 5 load increments for the self weight of the
structure using *BODYFORCE data. Total Lagrangian formulation and full Newton-Raphson iteration
procedure are used in the analysis. File 24 containing the element stiffness matrices under stiffening
from the self weight is saved from this run. Finally, a buckling analysis (BUCKLING) RESTART=4 is
done to obtain two eigenvalues using conventional subspace iteration. Files saved from the first two
runs are accessed in the restart by providing the same file name prefix. Gauss point stresses needed for
the buckling analysis were not saved in the static analysis. However, the program automatically
computes them in the buckling restart run. The buckling load factors obtained from this run are those
to be applied to the concentrated force with the self weight held constant.
Reference:
1.
S.P. Timoshenko and J.M. Gere, Theory of Elastic Stability, 2nd Edition, McGraw-Hill Book
Co., New York, 1961.
3-21
Figure 3.6: Fixed Free Column Under Self Weight and Applied Load
3-22
3-23
8, 9,
9, 1, 1, 1, 0
9, 10,
10, 1, 1, 1, 0
10, 11,
*MATERIAL
EX , 1, 0, 7.50000E+07,
NUXY, 1, 0, 0.00000E+00,
DENS, 1, 0, 1.25000E-01,
*BMDATA
1,12,0,0,0,0,0
1,0.0
0.0,0.0,0.0,0.0,0.0,0.0
*BMSECT
RECT,1,1,0,0,0
0.0,0.0
*EVENT, ID = 1
INCREMENTS = EQUAL, 5
TIMEATEND = 1.0
MAXITERATIONS = 100
TOLERANCES = 0.01,0.01,0.01
*SPDISP, TCRV = 0
**_DISP3_: SPDISP, SET =
1
1,UX , 0.00000E+00,,,,,,,, 0
1,UY , 0.00000E+00,,,,,,,, 0
1,UZ , 0.00000E+00,,,,,,,, 0
1,ROTX, 0.00000E+00,,,,,,,, 0
1,ROTY, 0.00000E+00,,,,,,,, 0
1,ROTZ, 0.00000E+00,,,,,,,, 0
*BODYFORCE, TCRV = 0,0,0
0.0,0.0,0.0,0.0,-986.4,0.0
*ENDDATA
3-24
3-25
1,12,0,0,0,0,0
1,0.0
0.0,0.0,0.0,0.0,0.0,0.0
*BMSECT
RECT,1,1,0,0,0
0.0,0.0
*LDCASE, ID= 1
1, 1, 3, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0.000, 0.000
*SPDISP
**_DISP3_: SPDISP, SET =
1
1,UX , 0.00000E+00,,,,,,,, 0
1,UY , 0.00000E+00,,,,,,,, 0
1,UZ , 0.00000E+00,,,,,,,, 0
1,ROTX, 0.00000E+00,,,,,,,, 0
1,ROTY, 0.00000E+00,,,,,,,, 0
1,ROTZ, 0.00000E+00,,,,,,,, 0
*CFORCE
**_DISP3_: CFORCE, SET =
1
11,FY,-1.00000E+00,,, 0, 0
*ENDDATA
3-26
Verification Problem
4
Eigenvalue Analysis Verification
Problems
4.1
Title:
Natural frequencies of a simply supported beam
Element Type:
2-D beam element (NKTP = 13, NORDR = 1)
Problem:
The natural frequencies of a simply supported beam, with dimensions as shown in Figure 4.1, are to be
computed.
Properties:
Material:
EX
(Modulus of elasticity)
NUXY
0.3
(Poissons ratio)
DENS
(Mass density)
Beam cross-section:
A
4 in2
(Cross-sectional area)
IZZ
1.3333 in4
4-1
Solution Procedure:
Conventional subspace iteration and consistent mass matrix formulation are used for eigenvalue
extraction.
Reference:
1.
R.W. Clough and J. Penzien, Dynamics of Structures, McGraw-Hill Book Co. Inc., New York,
1975.
4-2
Theoretical (Ref.[1])
NISA
28.766
28.766
115.063
115.398
258.891
263.012
4-3
4-4
5,UX , 0.00000E+00,,,,,,,,
5,UY , 0.00000E+00,,,,,,,,
*MODEOUT
1,1,1,1
*EIGOUT, ID = 1
1,0,3,1,0,1,0,0
*ENDDATA
0
0
4-5
4.2
Title:
Fundamental frequency of a cantilever beam
Element Type:
2-D plane stress element (NKTP = 1, NORDR = 2)
Problem:
The fundamental frequency of a cantilever beam, with dimensions as shown in Figure 4.2, is to be
computed.
Properties:
Material:
EX
(Modulus of elasticity)
NUXY
= 0.3
(Poissons ratio)
DENS
(Mass Density)
Solution Procedure:
Conventional subspace iteration and consistent mass matrix formulation are used for the eigenvalue
extraction.
4-6
Reference:
1.
R.W. Clough and J. Penzien, Dynamics of Structures, McGraw-Hill Book Co. Inc., New York,
1975.
4-7
4-8
2, 1, 1, 1, 0
3, 4, 5, 12, 19, 18, 17,
3, 1, 1, 1, 0
5, 6, 7, 14, 21, 20, 19,
*MATERIAL
EX , 1, 0, 1.00000E+06,
NUXY, 1, 0, 3.00000E-01,
DENS, 1, 0, 9.98900E-04,
*EIGCNTL
1,0,20,0,0.0,0.0,0.1E-04,0.0
*SPDISP
**_DISP3_: SPDISP, SET =
1
1,UX , 0.00000E+00,,,,,,,, 0
1,UY , 0.00000E+00,,,,,,,, 0
8,UX , 0.00000E+00,,,,,,,, 0
8,UY , 0.00000E+00,,,,,,,, 0
15,UX , 0.00000E+00,,,,,,,, 0
15,UY , 0.00000E+00,,,,,,,, 0
*MODEOUT
1,1,1,1
*EIGOUT, ID = 1
1,0,3,1,0,1,0,0
*ENDDATA
10,
12,
4-9
4.3
Title:
Fundamental frequency of a clamped circular plate
Element Type:
2-D axisymmetric solid element (NKTP = 3, NORDR = 2)
Problem:
The fundamental frequency of a clamped circular plate, of 16in radius and 1in thickness, is to be
computed.
Properties:
Material:
EX
= 10 106 psi
(Modulus of elasticity)
NUXY
= 0.3
(Poissons ratio)
DENS
= 0.001 lb-sec2/in4
(Mass density)
Solution Procedure:
Conventional subspace iteration and lumped mass matrix formulation are used to extract the
fundamental frequency of the system.
Reference:
1.
S. Timoshenko, D.H. Young and W. Weaver, Jr., Vibration Problems in Engineering, 4th Edition,
John Wiley & Sons, New York, 1974.
4-10
4-11
4-12
1,0,20,0,0.0,0.0,0.1E-04,0.0
*SPDISP
**_DISP3_: SPDISP, SET =
1
13,UX , 0.00000E+00,,,,,,,, 0
13,UY , 0.00000E+00,,,,,,,, 0
26,UX , 0.00000E+00,,,,,,,, 0
26,UY , 0.00000E+00,,,,,,,, 0
39,UX , 0.00000E+00,,,,,,,, 0
39,UY , 0.00000E+00,,,,,,,, 0
*MODEOUT
1,1,1,1
*EIGOUT, ID = 1
1,0,3,1,0,1,0,0
*ENDDATA
4-13
4.4
Title:
Natural frequencies of a cantilever beam
Element Type:
3-D beam element (NKTP = 12, NORDR = 1)
Problem:
The natural frequencies of a cantilever beam, with dimensions as shown in Figure 4.4, are to be
computed.
Properties:
Material:
EX
(Modulus of elasticity)
NUXY
= 0.3
(Poissons ratio)
DENS
(Mass density)
Beam cross-section:
A
= 4 in2
(Cross-sectional area)
IYY
= 1.3333 in4
IZZ
= 1.3333 in4
4-14
Solution Procedure:
Conventional subspace iteration and consistent mass matrix formulation are used to extract the first
three eigenvalues of the system.
Reference:
1.
R.W. Clough and J. Penzien, Dynamics of Structures, McGraw-Hill Book Co. Inc., New York,
1975.
Theoretical (Ref.[1])
NISA
10.246
10.246
64.218
64.168
179.830
179.503
4-15
4-16
6, 7,000000,000000, 0,
7, 1, 1, 1, 0
7, 8,000000,000000, 0,
8, 1, 1, 1, 0
8, 9,000000,000000, 0,
9, 1, 1, 1, 0
9, 10,000000,000000, 0,
10, 1, 1, 1, 0
10, 11,000000,000000, 0,
*MATERIAL
EX , 1, 0, 3.00000E+07,
NUXY, 1, 0, 3.00000E-01,
DENS, 1, 0, 7.28000E-04,
*EIGCNTL
3,0,20,0,0.0,0.0,0.1E-04,0.0
*SPDISP
**_DISP3_: SPDISP, SET =
1
1,UX , 0.00000E+00,,,,,,,, 0
1,UY , 0.00000E+00,,,,,,,, 0
1,UZ , 0.00000E+00,,,,,,,, 0
1,ROTX, 0.00000E+00,,,,,,,, 0
1,ROTY, 0.00000E+00,,,,,,,, 0
1,ROTZ, 0.00000E+00,,,,,,,, 0
2,UZ , 0.00000E+00,,,,,,,, 0
2,ROTX, 0.00000E+00,,,,,,,, 0
2,ROTY, 0.00000E+00,,,,,,,, 0
3,UZ , 0.00000E+00,,,,,,,, 0
3,ROTX, 0.00000E+00,,,,,,,, 0
3,ROTY, 0.00000E+00,,,,,,,, 0
4,UZ , 0.00000E+00,,,,,,,, 0
4,ROTX, 0.00000E+00,,,,,,,, 0
4,ROTY, 0.00000E+00,,,,,,,, 0
5,UZ , 0.00000E+00,,,,,,,, 0
5,ROTX, 0.00000E+00,,,,,,,, 0
5,ROTY, 0.00000E+00,,,,,,,, 0
6,UZ , 0.00000E+00,,,,,,,, 0
6,ROTX, 0.00000E+00,,,,,,,, 0
6,ROTY, 0.00000E+00,,,,,,,, 0
7,UZ , 0.00000E+00,,,,,,,, 0
7,ROTX, 0.00000E+00,,,,,,,, 0
7,ROTY, 0.00000E+00,,,,,,,, 0
8,UZ , 0.00000E+00,,,,,,,, 0
4-17
8,ROTX, 0.00000E+00,,,,,,,, 0
8,ROTY, 0.00000E+00,,,,,,,, 0
9,UZ , 0.00000E+00,,,,,,,, 0
9,ROTX, 0.00000E+00,,,,,,,, 0
9,ROTY, 0.00000E+00,,,,,,,, 0
10,UZ , 0.00000E+00,,,,,,,, 0
10,ROTX, 0.00000E+00,,,,,,,, 0
10,ROTY, 0.00000E+00,,,,,,,, 0
11,UZ , 0.00000E+00,,,,,,,, 0
11,ROTX, 0.00000E+00,,,,,,,, 0
11,ROTY, 0.00000E+00,,,,,,,, 0
*MODEOUT
1,1,1,1
*EIGOUT, ID = 1
1,0,3,1,0,1,0,0
*ENDDATA
4-18
4.5
Title:
Natural frequencies of a simply supported square plate
Element Type:
3-D general shell element (NKTP = 20, NORDR = 2)
Problem:
The first five natural frequencies of a simply supported square plate, with dimensions as shown in
Figure 4.5, are to be computed.
Properties:
Material:
EX
(Modulus of elasticity)
NUXY
0.3333
(Poissons ratio)
DENS
1.0 in
Geometry:
t
(thickness)
Solution Procedure:
Conventional subspace iteration and lumped mass matrix formulation are used to extract the
eigenvalues.
4-19
Reference:
1.
S. Timoshenko, D.H. Young and W. Weaver, Jr., Vibration Problems in Engineering, 4th Edition,
John Wiley & Sons, New York, 1974.
Figure 4.5: Finite Element Mesh for a Simply Supported Square Plate
4-20
Theoretical (Ref.[1])
NISA
84.095
83.979
210.240
210.451
210.240
210.451
336.380
358.286
420.471
422.376
4-21
4-22
4-23
EX , 1, 0, 1.05000E+07,
NUXY, 1, 0, 3.33330E-01,
DENS, 1, 0, 2.58799E-04,
*EIGCNTL
5,0,20,0,0.0,0.0,0.1E-04,0.0
*SPDISP
**_DISP3_: SPDISP, SET =
1
1,UX , 0.00000E+00,,,,,,,, 0
1,UY , 0.00000E+00,,,,,,,, 0
1,UZ , 0.00000E+00,,,,,,,, 0
1,ROTX, 0.00000E+00,,,,,,,, 0
:
:
81,UY , 0.00000E+00,,,,,,,, 0
81,UZ , 0.00000E+00,,,,,,,, 0
81,ROTX, 0.00000E+00,,,,,,,, 0
81,ROTY, 0.00000E+00,,,,,,,, 0
*MODEOUT
1,1,1,1
*EIGOUT, ID = 1
1,0,3,1,0,1,0,0
*ENDDATA
4-24
4.6
Title:
Fundamental frequency of a cantilever triangular plate
Element Type:
3-D general shell element (NKTP = 20, NORDR = 2)
Problem:
The fundamental frequency of a cantilever triangular plate, with dimensions as shown in Figure 4.8, is
to be computed.
Properties:
Material:
EX
= 30 106 psi
(Modulus of elasticity)
NUXY
= 0.3
(Poissons ratio)
DENS
Solution Procedure:
Conventional subspace iteration and lumped mass matrix formulation are used for the eigenvalue
extraction.
Reference:
1.
S. Timoshenko, D.H. Young and W. Weaver, Jr., Vibration Problems in Engineering, 3rd Edition, John Wiley & Sons, New York, 1974.
4-25
4-26
4-27
*MATERIAL
EX , 1, 0, 3.00000E+07,
NUXY, 1, 0, 3.00000E-01,
DENS, 1, 0, 7.28000E-04,
*EIGCNTL
1,0,20,0,0.0,0.0,0.1E-04,0.0
*SPDISP
**_DISP3_: SPDISP, SET =
1
1,UX , 0.00000E+00,,,,,,,, 0
1,UY , 0.00000E+00,,,,,,,, 0
1,UZ , 0.00000E+00,,,,,,,, 0
1,ROTX, 0.00000E+00,,,,,,,, 0
1,ROTY, 0.00000E+00,,,,,,,, 0
2,UX , 0.00000E+00,,,,,,,, 0
2,UY , 0.00000E+00,,,,,,,, 0
2,UZ , 0.00000E+00,,,,,,,, 0
2,ROTX, 0.00000E+00,,,,,,,, 0
2,ROTY, 0.00000E+00,,,,,,,, 0
3,UX , 0.00000E+00,,,,,,,, 0
3,UY , 0.00000E+00,,,,,,,, 0
3,UZ , 0.00000E+00,,,,,,,, 0
3,ROTX, 0.00000E+00,,,,,,,, 0
3,ROTY, 0.00000E+00,,,,,,,, 0
4,UX , 0.00000E+00,,,,,,,, 0
4,UY , 0.00000E+00,,,,,,,, 0
4,UZ , 0.00000E+00,,,,,,,, 0
4,ROTX, 0.00000E+00,,,,,,,, 0
4,ROTY, 0.00000E+00,,,,,,,, 0
5,UX , 0.00000E+00,,,,,,,, 0
5,UY , 0.00000E+00,,,,,,,, 0
5,UZ , 0.00000E+00,,,,,,,, 0
5,ROTX, 0.00000E+00,,,,,,,, 0
5,ROTY, 0.00000E+00,,,,,,,, 0
*MODEOUT
1,1,1,1
*EIGOUT, ID = 1
1,0,3,1,0,1,0,0
*ENDDATA
4-28
4.7
Title:
Natural frequencies of an earth dam
Element Type:
2-D plane strain element (NKTP = 2, NORDR = 2)
Problem:
The natural frequencies of an earth dam, with dimensions as shown in Figure 4.9, are to be computed.
Properties:
Material:
EX
(Modulus of elasticity)
NUXY
= 0.45
(Poissons ratio)
DENS
= 4.0415 lb-sec2/in4
(Mass density)
Solution Procedure:
Conventional subspace iteration and consistent mass matrix formulation are used to evaluate the
eigenvalues.
Reference:
1.
R.W. Clough and A.K. Chopra, Earthquake Stress Analysis in Earth Dams, Proc. ASCE, J. EM
Dn., 92, 1966.
4-29
4-30
Theoretical (Ref.[1])
NISA
1.242
1.237
2.039
1.993
2.039
2.365
3.239
2.966
3.436
3.465
4-31
4-32
4-33
4-34
0
0
0
0
8,UY , 0.00000E+00,,,,,,,,
9,UX , 0.00000E+00,,,,,,,,
9,UY , 0.00000E+00,,,,,,,,
*MODEOUT
1,1,1,1
*EIGOUT, ID = 1
1,0,3,1,0,1,0,0
*ENDDATA
0
0
0
4-35
4.8
Title:
Natural frequencies of a square cantilever plate
Element Type:
3-D general shell element (NKTP = 20, NORDR = 2)
Problem:
The natural frequencies of a square cantilever plate, (80 80 0.25 inch) are to be computed.
Properties:
Material:
30 106 psi
(Modulus of elasticity)
NUXY =
0.3
(Poissons ratio)
DENS
(Mass density)
EX
Solution Procedure:
Conventional subspace iteration and consistent mass matrix formulation are used to evaluate the
natural frequencies.
Reference:
1.
S. Timoshenko, D.M. Young and W. Weaver, Jr., Vibration Problems in Engineering, 4th Edition, John Wiley & Sons, New York, 1974.
4-36
4-37
Theoretical
(Ref.[1])
NISA
(Model 1)
NISA
(Model 2)
3.010
3.001
2.996
7.371
7.389
7.325
18.502
19.344
18.426
23.649
25.042
23.641
26.887
28.470
26.748
4-38
4-39
2, 1, 1, 1, 0,,,,, 0
3, 13, 23, 24, 25, 15, 5, 4,
3, 1, 1, 1, 0,,,,, 0
21, 31, 41, 42, 43, 33, 23, 22,
4, 1, 1, 1, 0,,,,, 0
23, 33, 43, 44, 45, 35, 25, 24,
*MATERIAL
EX , 1, 0, 3.00000E+07,
NUXY, 1, 0, 3.00000E-01,
DENS, 1, 0, 3.66300E-02,
*EIGCNTL
5,0,20,0,0.0,0.0,0.1E-04,0.0
*SPDISP
**_DISP3_: SPDISP, SET =
1
1,UX , 0.00000E+00,,,,,,,, 0
1,UY , 0.00000E+00,,,,,,,, 0
1,UZ , 0.00000E+00,,,,,,,, 0
1,ROTX, 0.00000E+00,,,,,,,, 0
1,ROTY, 0.00000E+00,,,,,,,, 0
2,UX , 0.00000E+00,,,,,,,, 0
2,UY , 0.00000E+00,,,,,,,, 0
2,UZ , 0.00000E+00,,,,,,,, 0
2,ROTX, 0.00000E+00,,,,,,,, 0
2,ROTY, 0.00000E+00,,,,,,,, 0
3,UX , 0.00000E+00,,,,,,,, 0
3,UY , 0.00000E+00,,,,,,,, 0
3,UZ , 0.00000E+00,,,,,,,, 0
3,ROTX, 0.00000E+00,,,,,,,, 0
3,ROTY, 0.00000E+00,,,,,,,, 0
4,UX , 0.00000E+00,,,,,,,, 0
4,UY , 0.00000E+00,,,,,,,, 0
4,UZ , 0.00000E+00,,,,,,,, 0
4,ROTX, 0.00000E+00,,,,,,,, 0
4,ROTY, 0.00000E+00,,,,,,,, 0
5,UX , 0.00000E+00,,,,,,,, 0
5,UY , 0.00000E+00,,,,,,,, 0
5,UZ , 0.00000E+00,,,,,,,, 0
5,ROTX, 0.00000E+00,,,,,,,, 0
5,ROTY, 0.00000E+00,,,,,,,, 0
*MODEOUT
1,1,1,1
*EIGOUT, ID = 1
1,0,3,1,0,1,0,0
*ENDDATA
VPG/NISA Verification Manual
4-40
4-41
NUXY, 1, 0, 3.00000E-01,
DENS, 1, 0, 3.66300E-02,
*EIGCNTL
5,0,20,0,0.0,0.0,0.1E-04,0.0
*SPDISP
**_DISP3_: SPDISP, SET =
1
1,UX , 0.00000E+00,,,,,,,, 0
1,UY , 0.00000E+00,,,,,,,, 0
1,UZ , 0.00000E+00,,,,,,,, 0
1,ROTX, 0.00000E+00,,,,,,,, 0
:
:
9,UY , 0.00000E+00,,,,,,,, 0
9,UZ , 0.00000E+00,,,,,,,, 0
9,ROTX, 0.00000E+00,,,,,,,, 0
9,ROTY, 0.00000E+00,,,,,,,, 0
*MODEOUT
1,1,1,1
*EIGOUT, ID = 1
1,0,3,1,0,1,0,0
*ENDDATA
4-42
4.9
Title:
Free vibration analysis of a cantilever beam using solid elements
Element Type:
3-D solid element (NKTP = 4, NORDR = 1)
Problem:
The first eight natural frequencies of a cantilever beam shown in Figure 4.17 are to be computed using
solid elements.
Properties:
Material:
EX
(Modulus of elasticity)
NUXY
= 0.0
(Poissons ratio)
DENS
= 1.0 lb-sec2/in4
(Mass density)
Solution Procedure:
Conventional subspace iteration and consistent mass matrix formulation are used to extract the
eigenvalues.
4-43
Reference:
1.
S. Timoshenko, D.H. Young and W. Weaver, Jr., Vibration Problems in Engineering, John Wiley
& Sons, Inc., 4th Edition, 1974.
4-44
Mode
Theoretical
(Ref.[1])
Model 1
Model 2
Model 3
Bending 1
0.5595
0.5606
0.5598
0.5596
Bending 2
3.5067
3.6428
3.5393
3.5139
Bending 3
9.8200
10.9689
10.0845
9.8776
Bending 4
19.2437
24.1866
20.3121
19.4761
Bending 5
31.8087
47.3817
34.8603
32.4651
Bending 6
47.5167
90.0299
54.6393
49.0114
Bending 7
66.3662
182.1130
80.9776
69.3334
Axial 1
86.6026
86.7417
86.6373
86.6113
4-45
4-46
*SPDISP
**_DISP3_: SPDISP, SET =
1
1,UX , 0.00000E+00,,,,,,,, 0
1,UY , 0.00000E+00,,,,,,,, 0
1,UZ , 0.00000E+00,,,,,,,, 0
2,UX , 0.00000E+00,,,,,,,, 0
:
:
33,UY , 0.00000E+00,,,,,,,, 0
34,UY , 0.00000E+00,,,,,,,, 0
35,UY , 0.00000E+00,,,,,,,, 0
36,UY , 0.00000E+00,,,,,,,, 0
*MODEOUT
1,1,1,1
*EIGOUT, ID = 1
1,0,3,1,0,1,0,0
*ENDDATA
4-47
4-48
RESEQUENCE = ON,LIST
SAVE = 26,27
AUTO CONSTRAINT = OFF
EIGEN EXTRACTION = SUBSPACE,CONVENTIONAL
*TITLE
FREE VIBRATION ANALYSIS OF A CANTILEVER BEAM USING SOLID ELEMENTS - MODEL 3
*ELTYPE
1, 4, 1
*NODES
1,,,, 0.00000E+00,-2.50000E+00,-5.00000E-01, 0
2,,,, 0.00000E+00, 2.50000E+00,-5.00000E-01, 0
3,,,, 0.00000E+00, 2.50000E+00, 5.00000E-01, 0
4,,,, 0.00000E+00,-2.50000E+00, 5.00000E-01, 0
:
:
129,,,, 1.00000E+02,-2.50000E+00,-5.00000E-01, 0
130,,,, 1.00000E+02, 2.50000E+00,-5.00000E-01, 0
131,,,, 1.00000E+02, 2.50000E+00, 5.00000E-01, 0
132,,,, 1.00000E+02,-2.50000E+00, 5.00000E-01, 0
*ELEMENTS
1, 1, 1, 0, 0
1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8,
2, 1, 1, 0, 0
5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10, 11, 12,
:
:
31, 1, 1, 0, 0
121, 122, 123, 124, 125, 126, 127, 128,
32, 1, 1, 0, 0
125, 126, 127, 128, 129, 130, 131, 132,
*MATERIAL
EX , 1, 0, 1.20000E+09,
NUXY, 1, 0, 0.00000E+00,
DENS, 1, 0, 1.00000E+00,
*EIGCNTL
8,0,20,0,0.0,0.0,0.1E-04,0.0
*SPDISP
**_DISP3_: SPDISP, SET =
1
1,UX , 0.00000E+00,,,,,,,, 0
1,UY , 0.00000E+00,,,,,,,, 0
1,UZ , 0.00000E+00,,,,,,,, 0
2,UX , 0.00000E+00,,,,,,,, 0
4-49
:
:
129,UY , 0.00000E+00,,,,,,,,
130,UY , 0.00000E+00,,,,,,,,
131,UY , 0.00000E+00,,,,,,,,
132,UY , 0.00000E+00,,,,,,,,
*MODEOUT
1,1,1,1
*EIGOUT, ID = 1
1,0,3,1,0,1,0,0
*ENDDATA
0
0
0
0
4-50
Element Type:
3-D thin shell element (NKTP = 40, NORDR = 1)
Problem:
The first five natural frequencies and the corresponding mode shapes of a cylindrical shell with a rigid
diaphragm as shown in Figure 4.7 are to be evaluated.
Properties:
Material:
EX
NUXY = 0.3
DENS
(Modulus of elasticity)
(Poissons ratio)
(Mass density)
Geometry:
t
= 2.0 mm (thickness)
Solution Procedure:
Accelerated subspace iteration with both consistent and lumped mass matrix formulation is used to
extract the eigenvalues.
4-51
4-52
Reference:
1.
Consistent Mass
Lumped Mass
Model 1
Model 2
Model 1
Model 2
1342.5
1363.7
1345.9
1363.7
1347.0
1464.8
1499.6
1468.2
1479.9
1468.8
1725.9
1740.9
1730.3
1750.3
1731.3
1892.4
1961.2
1898.2
1884.9
1896.7
2493.1
2636.7
2504.2
2413.7
2496.6
4-53
4-54
4-55
5,0,20,0,0.0,0.0,0.0,0.0
*SPDISP
**_DISP3_: SPDISP, SET =
1
1,UX , 0.00000E+00,,,,,,,, 0
1,UY , 0.00000E+00,,,,,,,, 0
1,ROTX, 0.00000E+00,,,,,,,, 0
1,ROTZ, 0.00000E+00,,,,,,,, 0
:
:
66,UZ , 0.00000E+00,,,,,,,, 0
66,ROTX, 0.00000E+00,,,,,,,, 0
66,ROTY, 0.00000E+00,,,,,,,, 0
66,ROTZ, 0.00000E+00,,,,,,,, 0
*MODEOUT
1,1,1,1
*EIGOUT, ID = 1
1,0,3,1,0,1,0,0
*ENDDATA
4-56
0
0
0
4-57
4.11
Title:
Natural frequencies of a simple torsional system
Element Type:
3-D torsional spring element (NKTP = 21)
3-D point mass element with rotary inertia (NKTP = 30)
Problem:
A simple 2-DOF torsional system shown in Figure 4.22 is to be analysed for natural frequencies and
mode shapes.
Properties:
Material:
K
100.0 lb-in/rad
1.0 lb-in-sec2
(Rotary inertia)
Solution Procedure:
Conventional subspace iteration is used to extract both the eigenvalues of the system.
Reference:
1.
W.T. Thomson, Theory of Vibration with Applications, Prentice-Hall Inc., Englewood Cliffs,
New Jersey, 2nd Edition, 1981.
4-58
4-59
4-60
1,UZ , 0.00000E+00,,,,,,,,
1,ROTX, 0.00000E+00,,,,,,,,
1,ROTY, 0.00000E+00,,,,,,,,
1,ROTZ, 0.00000E+00,,,,,,,,
2,UX , 0.00000E+00,,,,,,,,
2,UY , 0.00000E+00,,,,,,,,
2,UZ , 0.00000E+00,,,,,,,,
2,ROTY, 0.00000E+00,,,,,,,,
2,ROTZ, 0.00000E+00,,,,,,,,
3,UX , 0.00000E+00,,,,,,,,
3,UY , 0.00000E+00,,,,,,,,
3,UZ , 0.00000E+00,,,,,,,,
3,ROTY, 0.00000E+00,,,,,,,,
3,ROTZ, 0.00000E+00,,,,,,,,
*MODEOUT
1,1,1,1
*EIGOUT, ID = 1
1,0,3,1,0,1,0,0
*ENDDATA
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
4-61
Element Type:
3-D laminated composite general shell element (NKTP = 32, NORDR = 2)
Problem:
A simply supported square plate with 1 inch side has nine layers alternating at 0o and 90o with respect
to the global Z-axis. Thicknesses of the layers at 0o and 90o are 0.001 inch and 0.00125 inch,
respectively. The natural frequencies of the plate are to be computed.
Properties:
Material:
EX
= 40 106 psi
(Modulus of elasticity)
EY
(Modulus of elasticity)
NUXY = 0.25
(Poissons ratio)
GXY
(Shear modulus)
GXZ
(Shear modulus)
GYZ
(Shear modulus)
DENS
= 1.0 lb-sec2/in4
(Mass density)
4-62
Solution Procedure:
Conventional subspace iteration and consistent mass matrix formulation are used for the eigenvalue
extraction.
Reference:
1.
J.E. Ashton and J.M. Whitney, Theory of Laminated Plates, Progress in Materials Science
Series, Technomic Publishing Co., Inc., Stanford, Connecticut, 4, 70, 1970.
Ref. [1]
NISA
30.064
30.015
167.113
166.082
205.867
203.431
270.579
268.712
4-63
4-64
4-65
:
78,,,, 3.12500E-01, 5.00000E-01, 0.00000E+00,
79,,,, 3.75000E-01, 5.00000E-01, 0.00000E+00,
80,,,, 4.37500E-01, 5.00000E-01, 0.00000E+00,
81,,,, 5.00000E-01, 5.00000E-01, 0.00000E+00,
*ELEMENTS
1, 1, 1, 1, 2,,,,, 0
1, 2, 3, 12, 21, 20, 19, 10,
2, 1, 1, 1, 2,,,,, 0
3, 4, 5, 14, 23, 22, 21, 12,
:
:
15, 1, 1, 1, 2,,,,, 0
59, 60, 61, 70, 79, 78, 77, 68,
16, 1, 1, 1, 2,,,,, 0
61, 62, 63, 72, 81, 80, 79, 70,
*MATERIAL
EX , 1, 0, 4.00000E+07,
EY , 1, 0, 1.00000E+06,
NUXY, 1, 0, 2.50000E-01,
GXY , 1, 0, 6.00000E+05,
GXZ , 1, 0, 6.00000E+05,
GYZ , 1, 0, 5.00000E+05,
DENS, 1, 0, 1.00000E+00,
*EIGCNTL
4,0,20,0,0.0,0.0,0.1E-04,0.0
*SPDISP
**_DISP3_: SPDISP, SET =
1
1,UX , 0.00000E+00,,,,,,,, 0
1,UY , 0.00000E+00,,,,,,,, 0
1,UZ , 0.00000E+00,,,,,,,, 0
1,ROTX, 0.00000E+00,,,,,,,, 0
:
:
81,UY , 0.00000E+00,,,,,,,, 0
81,ROTX, 0.00000E+00,,,,,,,, 0
81,ROTY, 0.00000E+00,,,,,,,, 0
81,ROTZ, 0.00000E+00,,,,,,,, 0
*MODEOUT
1,1,1,1
*EIGOUT, ID = 1
1,0,3,1,0,1,0,0
*ENDDATA
4-66
0
0
0
0
Element Type:
3-D sandwich general shell element (NKTP = 33, NORDR = 2)
Problem:
The first four natural frequencies and the corresponding mode shapes for a simply supported 3 layer
orthotropic sandwich plate shown in Figure 4.25 are to be computed.
Properties:
Material:
Face sheets:
EX=EY
10 106 psi
(Modulus of elasticity)
NUXY
0.33
(Poissons ratio)
GXY
(Shear modulus)
DENS
(Mass density)
Thickness
0.016 in
Orientation angle
GXY
(Shear modulus)
GYZ
(Shear modulus)
DENS
(Mass density)
Thickness
0.025 in
Orientation angle
Core:
4-67
Solution Procedure:
Consistent mass matrix formulation and accelerated subspace iteration are used for the eigenvalue
extraction.
Figure 4.25: Finite Element Mesh for a 3 Layer Orthotropic Sandwich Plate
4-68
References:
1.
M.E. Raville and C.E.S. Ueng, Determination of Natural Frequencies of Vibration of a Sandwich Plate, Experimental Mechanics, 490-493, 1967.
2.
T.P. Khatua and Y.K. Cheng, Bending and Vibration of Multilayer Sandwich Beams and Plates,
International Journal for Numerical Methods in Engineering, 6, 11-24, 1973.
Table 4.9: Natural frequencies of a simply supported 3 layer orthotropic sandwich plate (Hz)
Mode
Ref. [1]
Ref. [2]
NISA
--
23.0
23.4
45.0
45.0
44.8
69.0
71.0
71.3
78.0
82.0
81.1
4-69
4-70
4-71
4-72
2, 1, 1, 0, 2,,,,, 0
3, 4, 5, 18, 31, 30, 29, 16,
:
:
23, 1, 1, 0, 2,,,,, 0
87, 88, 89, 102, 115, 114, 113, 100,
24, 1, 1, 0, 2,,,,, 0
89, 90, 91, 104, 117, 116, 115, 102,
*MATERIAL
EX , 1, 0, 1.00000E+07,
EY , 1, 0, 1.00000E+07,
NUXY, 1, 0, 3.30000E-01,
GXY , 1, 0, 3.75900E+06,
DENS, 1, 0, 2.59000E-04,
EX , 2, 0, 0.00000E+00,
GXZ , 2, 0, 1.95000E+04,
GYZ , 2, 0, 7.50000E+03,
DENS, 2, 0, 1.14000E-05,
*EIGCNTL
4,0,20,0,0.0,0.0,0.1E-04,0.0
*SPDISP
**_DISP3_: SPDISP, SET =
1
1,UX , 0.00000E+00,,,,,,,, 0
1,UY , 0.00000E+00,,,,,,,, 0
1,UZ , 0.00000E+00,,,,,,,, 0
1,ROTX, 0.00000E+00,,,,,,,, 0
:
:
117,UZ , 0.00000E+00,,,,,,,, 0
117,ROTX, 0.00000E+00,,,,,,,, 0
117,ROTY, 0.00000E+00,,,,,,,, 0
117,ROTZ, 0.00000E+00,,,,,,,, 0
*MODEOUT
1,1,1,1
*EIGOUT, ID = 1
1,0,3,1,0,1,0,0
*ENDDATA
4-73
Element Type:
3-D beam element (NKTP = 12, NORDR = 1)
Problem:
The natural frequencies corresponding to the first three elastic modes of a 2-D free-free beam shown in
Figure 4.30 are to be evaluated.
Properties:
Material:
EX
= 30 106 psi
(Modulus of elasticity)
NUXY
= 0.3
(Poissons ratio)
DENS
(Mass density)
Cross Section:
A
= 4.0 in2
(Area)
IYY
= 1.3333 in4
IZZ
= 1.3333 in4
Solution Procedure:
Conventional subspace iteration with lumped mass matrix formulation is used to evaluate the first six
eigenvalues including those corresponding to the three rigid body modes. A negative value for the
initial shift is used to avoid singularity during decomposition.
4-74
Reference:
1.
W.T. Thomson, Theory of Vibration with Applications, Prentice-Hall Inc., Englewood Cliffs,
New Jersey, 2nd Edition, 1981.
Theoretical
(Ref.[1])
NISA
65.29
65.20
179.83
180.35
352.66
353.46
4-75
4-76
1,ROTX, 0.00000E+00,,,,,,,,
1,ROTY, 0.00000E+00,,,,,,,,
2,UZ , 0.00000E+00,,,,,,,,
2,ROTX, 0.00000E+00,,,,,,,,
2,ROTY, 0.00000E+00,,,,,,,,
3,UZ , 0.00000E+00,,,,,,,,
3,ROTX, 0.00000E+00,,,,,,,,
3,ROTY, 0.00000E+00,,,,,,,,
4,UZ , 0.00000E+00,,,,,,,,
4,ROTX, 0.00000E+00,,,,,,,,
4,ROTY, 0.00000E+00,,,,,,,,
5,UZ , 0.00000E+00,,,,,,,,
5,ROTX, 0.00000E+00,,,,,,,,
5,ROTY, 0.00000E+00,,,,,,,,
*MODEOUT
3,0,0,1
*EIGOUT, ID = 1
1,0,3,1,0,1,0,0
*ENDDATA
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
4-77
Element Type:
3-D thin shell element (NKTP = 40, NORDR = 1)
Problem:
The natural frequencies of the square plate with free edges shown in Figure 4.31 corresponding to the
first three elastic modes are to be evaluated.
Properties:
Material:
EX
(Modulus of elasticity)
NUXY
= 0.225
(Poissons ratio)
DENS
(Mass density)
= 1.0 in
(thickness)
Geometry:
t
Solution Procedure:
Accelerated subspace iteration with lumped mass matrix formulation is used. Nine eigenvalues
including those corresponding to the six rigid body modes are extracted. A negative value for the
initial shift is used to avoid singularity during decomposition.
4-78
Reference:
1.
S. Timoshenko, D.H. Young and W. Weaver, Jr., Vibration Problems in Engineering, John Wiley
& Sons, Inc., 4th Edition, 1974.
Figure 4.31: Finite Element Mesh for a Free Edged Square Plate
Theoretical (Ref.[1])
NISA
55.18
56.83
80.46
79.83
93.58
94.17
4-79
4-80
4-81
DENS, 1, 0, 2.58799E-04,
*EIGCNTL
9,0,20,0,0.0,0.0,0.1E-04,-1.0
*MODEOUT
7,0,0,1
*EIGOUT, ID = 1
1,0,3,1,0,1,0,0
*ENDDATA
4-82
Element Type:
3-D general spring element (NKTP = 38)
3-D point mass element with rotary inertia (NKTP = 30)
Problem:
A mass of 100 lb-sec2/in with a rotary inertia of 10,000 lb-in-sec2 is connected at an eccentricity of 5
inches along the x-direction and 10 inches along the y-direction to a system of translational and
rotational springs as shown in Figure 4.33. The natural frequencies of the system are to be computed.
Properties:
K x, K y
M x, M y
= 100 lb-sec2/in
Translational mass
= 104 lb-in-sec2
Rotational mass
Solution Procedure:
Conventional subspace iteration is used to extract all the three eigenvalues of the system.
4-83
10
K =
0
10
10
2
5 10
2
10 5 10 2.25 10
10
M =
0 10
0
0
4
0 10
Hand computation
NISA
0.9336
0.9336
1.5915
1.5915
2.7131
2.7130
4-84
4-85
1,ROTZ, 0.00000E+00,,,,,,,, 0
2,UZ , 0.00000E+00,,,,,,,, 0
2,ROTX, 0.00000E+00,,,,,,,, 0
2,ROTY, 0.00000E+00,,,,,,,, 0
*MODEOUT
1,3,1,1
*EIGOUT, ID = 1
1,0,2,0,0,0,0,0
*ENDDATA
4-86
Element Type:
3-D Solid Element (NKTP=4, NORDR=1)
Analysis Highlights:
Eigenvalue analysis of a stress stiffened structure
Problem:
The first four natural frequencies of the cantilever beam shown in Figure 4.34 are to be determined for
rotor speeds of 2, 5, 10, 20 and 50 rad/sec. about the global Z-direction.
Properties:
Material:
EX
NUXY = 0.0
DENS
= 1.0 lb-sec2/in4
(Modulus of elasticity)
(Poissons ratio)
(Mass density)
Solution Procedure:
First a nonlinear static analysis is performed considering geometric nonlinearity only, with 5 load
increments. Total Lagrangian formulation and full Newton-Raphson iterative procedure are used in the
analysis. Files 24, 26, and 27 are saved from this run. Next an eigenvalue restart analysis
(RESTART=4) is performed using conventional subspace iteration and consistent mass formulation.
Files saved from the first run are accessed in the restart by providing the same file name prefix.
4-87
References:
1.
M. El-Essawi, A Model for Nonlinear Structural Dynamics of Rotating Cantilevers, Ph.D. Dissertation, Duke University, Durham, North Carolina, March 1982.
2.
S. Putter and H. Manor, Natural Frequencies of Rotating Radial Beams, Journal of Sound and
Vibration, 56(2), 175-185, 1978.
3.
M.A. Dokainish and S. Rawtani, Vibration Analysis of Rotating Cantilever Plates, International
Journal for Numerical Methods in Engineering, 3(2), 233-248, 1971.
4-88
NISA
NKTP=4
Ref. [1]
Ref. [2]
Ref. [3]
Southwell
Coeff.
Method
rad/sec
rad/sec
rad/sec
rad/sec
rad/sec
wy,1
3.6223
3.6218
3.6218
3.6191
3.6131
wz,1
4.1376
4.1318
4.1306
wy,2
22.7004
22.5263
22.5263
22.5280
22.5175
wz,2
22.7882
22.6168
22.6168
wy,1
4.0734
4.0739
4.0739
4.0840
4.0850
wz,1
6.4486
6.4559
6.4566
wy,2
25.1160
24.9501
24.9500
24.9539
24.9002
wz,2
25.6078
25.4562
24.4562
wy,1
5.0473
5.0491
5.0490
5.0620
5.4463
wz,1
11.2004
11.2082
11.3957
wy,2
32.2794
32.1199
32.1197
32.1764
31.9925
wz,2
33.7896
33.6975
33.6975
wy,1
6.7725
6.7773
6.7757
1.1584
9.0312
wz,1
21.1134
20.0334
21.9445
wy,2
51.5681
51.3547
51.3531
51.8142
51.3568
wz,2
55.3021
55.5475
55.5475
wy,1
10.4718
10.5939
10.4806
21.0918
wz,1
51.0800
54.2666
wy,2
117.1007
116.9850
116.1996
119.2917
118.0488
wz,2
127.3042
129.3658
129.3658
Mode
rad/sec
2
10
20
50
4-89
4-90
TIMEATEND = 1.0
MAXITERATIONS = 100
TOLERANCES = -.01, 0.01,0.01
*SPDISP, TCRV = 0
**_DISP3_: SPDISP, SET =
1
1,UX , 0.00000E+00,,,,,,,, 0
1,UY , 0.00000E+00,,,,,,,, 0
1,UZ , 0.00000E+00,,,,,,,, 0
18,UX , 0.00000E+00,,,,,,,, 0
18,UY , 0.00000E+00,,,,,,,, 0
18,UZ , 0.00000E+00,,,,,,,, 0
35,UX , 0.00000E+00,,,,,,,, 0
35,UY , 0.00000E+00,,,,,,,, 0
35,UZ , 0.00000E+00,,,,,,,, 0
52,UX , 0.00000E+00,,,,,,,, 0
52,UY , 0.00000E+00,,,,,,,, 0
52,UZ , 0.00000E+00,,,,,,,, 0
*BODYFORCE, TCRV = 0,0,0
0.0,0.0,50.0,0.0,0.0,0.0
0.0,0.0,0.0,0.0,0.5,0.0
*NLOUT
1,3,0,1,0,1,0,0,0,0
*PRINTCNTL
ELST,0
LDVE,0
SLFO,0
*ENDDATA
4-91
Element Type:
3-D general shell element (NKTP = 20, NORDR = 2)
Problem:
The effect of Guyan reduction on the natural frequencies of the simply supported square plate in
Verification Problem 4.5 is to be evaluated.
Solution Procedure:
Consistent mass formulation and Guyan reduction are used.
Reference:
1.
S. Timoshenko, D.H. Young and W. Weaver, Jr., Vibration Problems in Engineering, 4th Edition,
John Wiley & Sons, New York, 1974.
4-92
Figure 4.35: Finite Element Mesh for a Simply Supported Square Plate
4-93
MASTERS
Mode 1
Mode 2
Mode 3
Mode 4
Mode 5
UZ @
nodes
87.64
---
---
---
---
UZ @
nodes
82.87
213.79
213.79
373.96
483.07
24
UZ @
nodes
211.11
211.11
211.11
353.48
438.98
33
UZ @ nodes
82.80
211.08
211.08
353.42
438.99
163
82.80
211.08
211.08
353.41
438.99
Automatic
86.31
237.14
280.37
447.61
577.27
24
Automatic
82.80
211.09
211.09
353.48
438.99
33
Automatic
82.80
211.08
211.08
353.42
438.99
4-94
4-95
EX , 1, 0, 1.05000E+07,
NUXY, 1, 0, 3.33330E-01,
DENS, 1, 0, 2.58799E-04,
*EIGCNTL
5,0,0,0,0.0,0.0,0.1E-03,0.0
*SPDISP
**_DISP3_: SPDISP, SET =
1
1,UX , 0.00000E+00,,,,,,,, 0
1,UY , 0.00000E+00,,,,,,,, 0
1,UZ , 0.00000E+00,,,,,,,, 0
2,UX , 0.00000E+00,,,,,,,, 0
:
:
80,UZ , 0.00000E+00,,,,,,,, 0
81,UX , 0.00000E+00,,,,,,,, 0
81,UY , 0.00000E+00,,,,,,,, 0
81,UZ , 0.00000E+00,,,,,,,, 0
*MASTER
21,UZ, 25,2
39,UZ, 43,2
57,UZ, 61,2
*ENDDATA
4-96
3.08 in
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