TWO WEEK ISTE WORKSHOP ON COMPUTATIONAL FLUID DYNAMICS

REPORT OF FINAL ASSIGNMENT

INTRODUCTION

In recent years, numerical modelling of the convective heat transfer problem has been an area of great interest due to its broad applications in engineering. Compared to the experimental method, numerical analysis provides a more direct way to enhance/reduce heat transfer effectively so as to improve the performance or to optimize the structure of a thermal device.

Natural convection in enclosures has been studied both experimentally and numerically, due to the considerable interest in its many engineering applications, such as building insulation, solar energy collection, cooling of heat-generating components in the electrical and nuclear industries, and flows in rooms due to thermal energy sources.

LITERATURE SURVEY Numerical studies of natural convection heat transfer and flow in closed enclosures without a local heat source are reported in the literature; we can cite the work of Davis (1983), Hartmann et aI. (1990), Le Que..e (1991), Mohamad (1998), Carcione (2003), and Ben-Nakhi and Chamkha (2006).

Other authors have studied the natural convection caused by a heat-generating conducting body located inside an enclosure: Chu and Churchill, 1976; Khalilollahi and Sarnmakia, 1986; Keyhani et aI., 1988; Farouk, 1988; Ho and Chang, 1994; Ha et aI., 1999; Deng and Tang, 2002; Oztop et aI., 2004; Bazylak et aI., 2006.

OBJECTIVE OF THE PRESENT STUDY The present work is a numerical study of natural convection due to the temperature difference between top and bottom walls and the left and right walls are being insulated. The study was conducted for two different enclosure with aspect ratio of H/W=1 and H/W=2. For both the cases the non dimensional numbers i.e.prandtl number and Raleigh number were

taken as benchmark and also for other values of non dimensional parameters.

The study is conducted numerically under the assumption of steady laminar flow for two different values of both the height-to-width aspect ratio of the enclosure of 1 and 2 the Ray leigh number based on enclosure height in the range between 10 3 and 106. The Ra/Ra. ratio in the range between 0 and 2500.

DESCRIPTION OF THE PROBLEM For the present study two types of 2D enclosures are considered as shown in the fig(1) & fig(2). In figure 1 the aspect ratio is considered to be equal to 1 i.e H/W=1 where as in the the figure 2 the aspect ratio is considered to be 2 , i.e H/W=2. The boundary conditions are taken as top and bottom are considered to be isothermal with bottom plate hotter and top plate cold. The left and right boundaries are considered to be insulated. The non dimensionless numbers like Prandtl number and the Raleigh number are considered to be benchmark values for the I case of study (Prandtl no.=0.71 and Raleigh no.=1E4) and for the II case they are consdiered to be other than bench mark values(Prandtl no.=1 and Raleigh No.=1E2). The results in both the cases are compared with respect to the dimensions of the enclosures and with respect to values of the non dimension parametes.

2H H

W Fig.1

W Fig.2

MATHEMATICAL FORMULATION To model the flow under study, we use the conservation equations for mass, momentum, and energy for the two-dimensional, steady, and laminar flow. For the moderate temperature .difference considered in this work, all the physical properties of the fluid, fl, k, and cp, are considered constant except density, in the buoyancy term, which obeys the

Boussinesq approximation. In the energy conservation equation, we neglect the effects of compressibility and viscous dissipation. Thus, the dimensionless equations that govern the flow are Continuity , X-Momentum, Y-Momentum and Energy. In this study the fluid is enclosed between left and right walls which are insulated and top and bottom walls in which bottom wall is taken to be hotter while the right wall is cold. The code for the above study is the given in the lab_5 III condition i.e., natural convection code of open source scilab. In this code a small change has been done by taking left and right boundaries as adiabatic without any heat transfer and bottom & top boundaries are assumed to be isothermal with hotter bottom and cold top. The Grid size for the two types of domain In the first case is considered to be 7 in both X and Y directions. The grid size in the second case for both the domains is considered to be 12 in both X and Y directions. The time step, steady state mass divergence criteria are as follows: steady_state_criteria = 1e-3; mass_div_criteria = 1e-8; time_step = 0; total_time = 0;

CASE-I

RESULTS(DOMAIN X=1 AND Y=1)

Fig.I-1

Fig.I-2

Fig.I-3

FigI-4

Fig I-5 Discussion:

FigI-6

1. In fig.I-1 the u-velocity contours are seen . There are four different types of contours observed due to the variation in the temperatures of the boundary. 2. In fig.I-2 the V-velocity contours are seen. Here we can see three types of contours over the domain 3. In Fig.I-3 the stream function contours are seen which are of two types 4. The FigI-4 shows the temperature contours over the domain which shows that since the bottom plate is hot the temperature is more near the bottom boundary. 5. Fig.I-5 and Fig.I-6 shows the variation of temperature and U-velocity along the centreline respectively.

CASE-I RESULTS (DOMAIN X=1 AND Y=2.)

Fig.I-1

Fig.I-2

Fig,I-3

Fig.I-4

Fig.I-5

Fig.I-6 DISCUSSION 1. In fig.I-1 the u-velocity contours are seen . There are two different types of contours observed due to the variation in the temperatures of the boundary. 2. In fig.I-2 the V-velocity contours are seen. Here we can see two types of contours over the domain 3. In Fig.I-3 the stream function contour is seen. 4. The FigI-4 shows the temperature contours over the domain which shows that since the bottom plate is hot the temperature is more near the bottom boundary. 5. Fig.I-6 and Fig.I-5 shows the variation of temperature and U-velocity along the centreline respectively.

CASE-II (RESULTS FOR THE DOMAIN X=1 AND Y=1)

Fig.II-1

Fig.II-2

FigII-3

Fig.II-4

Fig.II-5 DISCUSSION

Fig.II-6

1. In fig.II-1 the u-velocity contours are seen . There are four different types of contours observed due to the variation in the temperatures of the boundary. 2. In fig.II-2 the V-velocity contours are seen. Here we can see three types of contours over the domain 3. In Fig.II-3 the stream function contour is seen. 4. The FigII-4 shows the temperature contours over the domain which shows that since the bottom plate is hot the temperature is more near the bottom boundary. 5. Fig.II-6 and Fig.II-5 shows the variation of temperature and U-velocity along the centreline respectively.

CASE II: RESULTS(DOMAIN X=1 AND Y=2)

Fig.II-1

Fig.II-2

Fig.II-3

Fig,II-4

Fig.II-5 DISCUSSION

Fig.II-6

1. In fig.II-1 the u-velocity contours are seen . There are four different types of contours observed due to the variation in the temperatures of the boundary. 2. In fig.II-2 the V-velocity contours are seen. 3. In Fig.II-3 the stream function contour is seen. 4. The FigII-4 shows the temperature contours over the domain which shows that since the bottom plate is hot the temperature is more near the bottom boundary. 5. Fig.II-6 and Fig.II-5 shows the variation of temperature and U-velocity along the centreline respectively.

CONCLUSION: 1. In case I the U-velocity contours are irregular in shape and the velocity is more near the right boundary for the domain x=1 and y=1. For the domain x=1 and y=2 the velocity contours are seen in two colours with greater velocity at the bottom boundary. 2. In case II the U-velocity are in four colours for domain I and also in four colours for domain II. The velocity is higher near the left and bottom boundary. The result shows that in case I and two the contours are in the opposite directions. 3. The stream function contours in case I for the first domain shows greater value at the right boundary. For the domain II the stream function shows higher value at the centre. In case II the stream function shows same contours for both the domains. 4. The temperature contours are seen the same for all the cases and all the domains with high temperature at the bottom boundary. REFERENCES 1. Chan,Y.L. and Tien, C.L., A Numerical study of two dimensional laminar natural convection in shallow open cavities, International journal of heat and mass transfer. 2. Numerical heat transfer and fluid flow Suhas V.Patankar. 3. Computational fluid dynamics with basics and applications J.D.Anderson 4. Fundamentals of Computational Fluid dynamics by David W.Zingg. 5. Corcione, M., Effects of the thermal boundary conditions at the side walls upon natural convection in rectangular enclosures heated from below and cooled from above, International Journal of Thermal Sciences.