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POWER TRANSFORMER 1 Insulation Resistance Measurement Procedure a. For LT systems, use only 500V or 1000V Megger. b.

For MV & HV systems, use 2500V or 5000V Megger. c. Remove Earth from Transformer neutral. d. Measure as per table below.

1 1W

2 2

Circuit 1U - E 2U - E 1U - 2U

Megger Used MV & HV 5kV 5kV 5kV

2 Winding Resistance Measurement


WINDING RESISTANCE METER

I I1

I P1

I P2

I I2

Circuit 1U-1N 1V-1N 1W-1N 2U-2N 2V-2N 2W-2N

Tap No Resistance All Taps

1W

3 Magnetic Current Test


mA

1 415 V AC
mA

2 2

1W
mA

1
mA

1 Measured Current 1U 1V 1W 1N

Applied Voltage 1U-1V 1V-1W 1W-1U 1U-1N, 1V-1N,1W-1N 4 Magnetic Balance Test

1 415 V AC 1W

2 2
Measured voltage

Applied Voltage Measured Voltage 1U1N 1V1N 1W1N 1U1N 1V1N 1W1N 2U2N 415 415 415 Applied Voltage Measured Voltage 1U1V 1V1W 1W1U 1U1V 1V1W 1W1U 2U2V 415 415 415 -

2V2N

2W2N

2V2W

2W2U

5 Vector Group Confirmation. Dyn1 1U


2W 2U

1U 2U
2n 2V

2W 2V

1V 1 Conditions: 1 -1U and 2u should be shorted. 2 -Apply 415V to 1U,1V&1W 3 -Satisfy the following conditions. 1U1W = 1U2n + 1W2n 1W2w = 1W2V 1V2v < 1V2w 1V 1

Dyn11 1U 1U
2U 2n 2U 2W 2V 2W 2V

1 3 -Satisfy the following conditions. 1U1V = 1U2n + 1V2n 1V2w = 1V2v 1W2w < 1W2v

1V

1V

5 Vector Group Confirmation. Ynd1 1U 2U 1U


2W 2V 2U 2W

1N
2V

1V 3 -Satisfy the following conditions. 1U1N = 1U2v + 2v1N 1W2v = 1V2v 1V2v < 1V2w

1V

YNyn0

1U
2W 2U 1N2n 2W 2V

1U

2U 2n 2V

1N

1V 3 -Satisfy the following conditions. 1W2w = 1V2v 1W2n = 1V2n 1U1N = 1U2n + 1N2n

1V

6 7 8 9 10

Short Circuit Test and Differential Stability. REF Stability Test Cooler Circuits Temperature Indicators Calibration Auxilliary Protection Circuits

6 Short Circuit Test and Differential Stability. Stable Condition.

Apply 3-Ph AC Voltage

Diff Relay
P1
S1

300/1 A
S2 S1

S2

S1

P2

S2

B-Ph Id Y-Ph Id R-Ph Id


P1
S1

500/1 A
S1 S2

S1

S2

S2

P2

Temporary Short

Example: Short Circuit Current Calculation. Rating : 100MVA HV Voltage 220 kV Current 262.43 A % of Impedance (%Z) = 8.05% HV MVA = LV MVA = 100MVA 3 x 220000 x I1 = 3 x 123000 x I2 = 100,000,000 3 x 220000 x I1 = 100,000,000 I1 = 100,000,000 / (3 x 220000) I1 = 262.43A 3 x 123000 x I2 = 100,000,000 I2 = 100,000,000 / (3 x 132000) I2 = 437.40A %Zv = 8.05% = 220kV x % of impedance = 220000 x (8.05/100) %Zv = 17,710 V If We may apply 415 V to HV side HV I primary = (415 x 262.43) / 17710 HV I primary = 6.15 A HV sec = 6.15 / 300 HV sec = 0.0205A LV I primary = (415 x 437.4) / 17710 LV I primary = 10.25 A LV sec = 10.25 / 500 LV sec = 0.0205 A LV 132kV 437.40 A

Unstable Condition Apply 3-Ph AC Voltage


S1

S2

S1

S2

S1

S2

Id

Id

Id
S1

S1

S2

S1

S2

S2

Temporary Short

7 REF Stability Test i) Stable Condition.

Apply 3-Ph AC

Fault R Y B

P1

S1

S1

S1

HV REF

P2

S2

S2

S2

S2

S1

P2 P2
S2

P1 P1

n
S1

P1

S1

S1

S1

LV REF

P2

S2

S2

S2

SHORT

ii)

Unstable Condition (Type 1)

Apply 3-Ph AC

S1

S1

S1

HV REF

S2

S2

S2

S2

S1

S2

S1

S1

S1

S1

LV REF

S2

S2

S2

SHORT

iii) Unstable Condition (Type 2)

S1

S1

S1

HV REF

S2

S2

S2

LOADING TRANSFORMER
S2 S1

S2

S1

LOADING TRANSFORMER

S1

S1

S1

LV REF

S2

S2

S2

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