HYDRAULIC MACHINES III OPEN CHANNEL FLOW Solution by DF Sozinando, Mechanical Eng.

student at Vaal University of Technology

Depth for maximum discharge (Chezy considered)
Q A C Z i =
Q A C Z
1
2
i
1
2
=
Q C i
1
2

A
P
|

\
|
|
.
1
2
A =
Q C i
1
2

A
3
2
P
1
2
|

\
|
|
|
|
|
.
= there for Q C i
1
2

A
3
P
|

\
|
|
.
1
2
=
maximum discharge occur when:
d
A
3
P
|

\
|
|
.
d
0 = Use Quotient Rule to differentiate
d
A
3
P
|

\
|
|
.
d
A
1
2
sin2
|

\
|
|
.
r
2
=
dA
d
1 cos2 ( ) r
2
= f A
3
( )
A
3
= g P ( ) P =
P 2 r =
dP
d
2 r = 3 A
2

dA
d
dP
d
12
HYDRAULIC MACHINES III OPEN CHANNEL FLOW Solution by DF Sozinando, Mechanical Eng.
student at Vaal University of Technology
d
A
3
P
|

\
|
|
.
d
3A
2
P
dA
d
|

\
|
|
.
A
3 dP
d

P ( )
2
= 0 =
3A
2
P
dA
d
|

\
|
|
.
A
3 dP
d
|

\
|
|
.
=
3 P
dA
d
A
dP
d
=
3 2 r ( ) 1 cos2 ( ) r
2

1
2
sin2
|

\
|
|
.
r
2
2 r ( ) =
3 1 cos2 ( )
1
2
sin2 ( ) =
3 3 cos 2 ( )
1
2
sin2 ( ) =
2 3 cos 2 ( )
1
2
sin 2 ( ) + 0 =
2.689rad = 154.083deg =
D r r cos ( ) = D is the fluid depth and d is the diameter
D r 1 cos ( ) ( ) =
D 0.95 d =
D
d
2
1 cos 2.689rad ( ) ( ) = NB: use the calculator in rad mode
Alternative solution
Q A C Z i =
Q A C Z
1
2
i
1
2
=
Q C i
1
2

A
P
|

\
|
|
.
1
2
A =
Q C i
1
2

A
3
2
P
1
2
|

\
|
|
|
|
|
.
= there for K
A
3
2
P
1
2
=
13
HYDRAULIC MACHINES III OPEN CHANNEL FLOW Solution by DF Sozinando, Mechanical Eng.
student at Vaal University of Technology
maximum discharge occur when:
dK
d
0 = Use Quotient Rule to differentiate
dK
d
A
1
2
sin2
|

\
|
|
.
r
2
=
dA
d
1 cos2 ( ) r
2
= f A ( ) A
3
2
= g P ( ) P
1
2
=
P 2 r =
dP
d
2 r =
3
2
A
1
2

dA
d
1
2
P
1
2

dP
d

dK
d
3
2
A
1
2
P
1
2

dA
d
|

\
|
|
.
A
3
2 1
2
P
1
2

dP
d
|

\
|
|
.

P
1
2
|

\
|
|
.
2
= 0 =
3
2
A
1
2
P
1
2

dA
d
|

\
|
|
.
A
3
2 1
2 P
1
2

dP
d
|

\
|
|
.
=
3 P
dA
d
A
dP
d
=
3 2 r ( ) 1 cos2 ( ) r
2

1
2
sin2
|

\
|
|
.
r
2
2 r ( ) =
3 1 cos2 ( )
1
2
sin2 ( ) =
3 3 cos 2 ( )
1
2
sin2 ( ) =
2 3 cos 2 ( )
1
2
sin 2 ( ) + 0 =
2.689rad = 154.083deg =
D r r cos ( ) = D is the fluid depth and d is the diameter
D r 1 cos ( ) ( ) =
D 0.95 d =
D
d
2
1 cos 2.689rad ( ) ( ) = NB: use the calculator in rad mode
14