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Snake Bites Shock Wounds Bleeding Burns Insect Stings & Bites Dehydration
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Fractures Hypothermia
FIRST AID
Locating Water Purifying Water Storing Water If an accident occurs in the wilderness it will be your responsibility to deal with the situation. The specific sequence of actions when dealing with this situation is: Food Supply Locating Food Preparing Food Wild Game 1. Remain calm, providing your patient with quiet, efficient first aid treatment. 2. Keep the patient warm and lying down. Do not move this injured person until you have discovered the extent of the injuries. 3. Clear the victim's mouth and throat of any objects and begin mouth-to-mouth artificial respiration immediately if the injured person is not breathing. 4. Stop any bleeding. 5. Give your patient reassurance. Watch carefully for signs of shock. 6. Check for cuts, fractures, breaks and injuries to the head, neck or spine. 7. Do not allow people to crowd the injured person. 8. Do not remove clothing unless it is imperative. 9. Decide if your patient can be moved to a proper medical facility. If this is not possible, prepare a suitable living area in which shelter, heat and food are provided. Our objective is to aid you in becoming more proficient in giving aid to yourself or members of your group in case of injury.
SurvivalObjective.com - Survival first aid training. A Christian perpective on preparing to survive the coming Apocalypse.
Shelter - Hammock Shelter - Tent Shelter - Nature Shelter - Heating Sleeping Gear Clothing - Rain Gear Boots - Footwear Lighting Self Defense Tools Vehicles Surveillance Communication Navigation
Shock
Shock may result from trauma, heatstroke, blood loss, an allergic reaction, severe infection, poisoning, severe burns or other causes. When a person is in shock, his or her organs aren't getting enough blood or oxygen, which if untreated, can lead to permanent organ damage or death.
Seek treatment for injuries, such as bleeding or broken bones that are most likely are causing the shock.
Wounds
Bleeding
Hygiene First Aid - Medical Psychology
Fractures Burns
SurvivalObjective.com - Survival first aid training. A Christian perpective on preparing to survive the coming Apocalypse.
2012
The least serious burns are those in which only the outer layer of skin is burned, but not all the way through. The skin is usually red, with swelling, and pain sometimes is present. Treat a first-degree burn as a minor burn unless it involves substantial portions of the hands, feet, face, groin or buttocks, or a major joint, which requires emergency medical attention.
The Unprepared
Second-degree burn
When the first layer of skin has been burned through and the second layer of skin (dermis) also is burned, the injury is called a second-degree burn. Blisters develop and the skin takes on an intensely reddened, splotchy appearance. Seconddegree burns produce severe pain and swelling. If the second-degree burn is no larger than 3 inches (7.6 centimeters) in diameter, treat it as a minor burn. If the burned area is larger or if the burn is on the hands, feet, face, groin or buttocks, or over a major joint, treat it as a major burn and get medical help immediately. For minor burns, including first-degree burns and second-degree burns limited to an area no larger than 3 inches (7.6 centimeters) in diameter, take the following action:
Don'ts
Don't use ice. Putting ice directly on a burn can cause a burn victim's body to become too cold and cause further damage to the wound.
http://survivalobjective.com/first_aid.htm[7/22/2012 11:05:25 AM]
SurvivalObjective.com - Survival first aid training. A Christian perpective on preparing to survive the coming Apocalypse.
Don't apply butter or ointments to the burn. This could cause infection. Don't break blisters. Broken blisters are more vulnerable to infection.
Pain Relief
Reye's Syndrome. Though aspirin is approved for use in children older than age 2, children and teenagers recovering from chickenpox or flu-like symptoms should never take aspirin. Children's Aspirin Warning: Reye's Syndrome
Stay Immunized
Get a tetanus shot. Burns are susceptible to tetanus. Doctors recommend you get a tetanus shot every 10 years. If your last shot was more than five years ago, your doctor may recommend a tetanus shot booster.
SurvivalObjective.com - Survival first aid training. A Christian perpective on preparing to survive the coming Apocalypse.
Dehydration
Signs of dehydration include:
* Dark yellow or orange urine * Infrequent urination * Reduced sweat * Thirst * Dry mouth/nose * Skin that feels dry and tight * Dizziness * Weakness * Overheating
Prevent dehydration
Drinking fluids frequently, even if you don't feel particularly thirsty. Plan on drinking one eight ounce bottle of water or more per hour of exercise, and include several ounces of juice or sports drink. If you're not exercising, try to drink about 8 glasses of water, tea, or other fluids in a 24-hour period.
Who's at risk.
People at a higher risk for dehydration include: * Children * The elderly * Heavy exercisers * People in hot climates (heat prompts fluid loss from sweating) * People in cold climates (cold prompts the body to reduce blood volume through fluid loss) * People on medications which contribute to dehydration * Anyone with an illness that causes fluid loss, such as influenza, high fever, etc.
http://survivalobjective.com/first_aid.htm[7/22/2012 11:05:25 AM]
SurvivalObjective.com - Survival first aid training. A Christian perpective on preparing to survive the coming Apocalypse.
Frostbite
Frostbite occurs when the tissue of an area, most commonly the toes, fingers or face, is frozen either from direct exposure to the elements or high wind. First degree frostbite turns the area cold, white and numb. When heated the area becomes red and can be compared to a first degree burn. A blister will form after warming with second degree frostbite. Dark skin, gangrene, and a loss of some skin and tissues is common in third degree. Fourth degree frostbite causes irreparable damage. The affected area will remain cold and lifeless and generally a part of the area is lost. With adequate clothing frostbite can easily be avoided. Superficial frostbite may be treated by cupping one's hands and blowing on the affected area, warming from another warm hand or, with fingers, placing them in your armpits. For more severe cases, medical aid should be sought.
Snake Bites
It is estimated that at least 100 Americans a year die from allergic reactions to insect stings.
SurvivalObjective.com - Survival first aid training. A Christian perpective on preparing to survive the coming Apocalypse.
medical care is critical in known or suspected allergic reactions after an insect sting. In rare cases, serious or even fatal allergic reactions may not happen for up to 4 or more hours after an insect sting. Other complications: Insect stings in non allergic people, though perhaps painful, usually do not cause serious problems. However, multiple stings may cause serious complications (such as muscle breakdown or kidney failure) and, rarely, even death in non allergic people. Especially at increased risk are small children, elderly people, and people who are already weak. These serious problems may occur within the first few hours of being stung or may be delayed for days after being stung. Even a single sting in the mouth or throat can cause swelling and obstruction of the airway. Children are at increased risk for these types of breathing problems from a sting.
Hypothermia
Under most conditions your body maintains a healthy temperature. However, when exposed to cold temperatures, especially with a high wind chill factor and high humidity, or to a cool, damp environment for prolonged periods, your body's control mechanisms may fail to keep your body temperature normal. When more heat is lost than your body can generate, hypothermia, defined as an internal body temperature less than 95 F (35 C), can result. Wet or inadequate clothing, falling into cold water and even not covering your head during cold weather can increase your chances of hypothermia. Signs and symptoms of hypothermia include: * Shivering * Slurred speech * Abnormally slow breathing * Cold, pale skin * Loss of coordination * Fatigue, lethargy or apathy * Confusion or memory loss * Bright red, cold skin (infants) Signs and symptoms usually develop slowly. People with hypothermia typically experience gradual loss of mental acuity and physical ability, so they may be unaware that they need emergency medical treatment. Older adults, infants, young children and people who are very lean are at particular risk. Other people at higher risk of hypothermia include those whose judgment may be impaired by mental illness or Alzheimer's disease and people who are intoxicated, homeless or caught in cold weather because their vehicles have broken down. Other conditions that may predispose people to hypothermia are malnutrition, cardiovascular disease and an under active thyroid (hypothyroidism).
Treatment of hypothermia:
Call 911 or emergency medical assistance. While waiting for help to arrive, monitor the person's breathing. If breathing stops or seems dangerously slow or shallow, begin cardiopulmonary resuscitation (CPR) immediately. Move the person out of the cold. If going indoors isn't possible, protect the person from the wind, cover his or her head, and insulate his or her body from the cold ground. Remove wet clothing. Replace wet things with a warm, dry covering.
http://survivalobjective.com/first_aid.htm[7/22/2012 11:05:25 AM]
SurvivalObjective.com - Survival first aid training. A Christian perpective on preparing to survive the coming Apocalypse.
Don't apply direct heat. Don't use hot water, a heating pad or a heating lamp to warm the victim. Instead, apply warm compresses to the center of the body head, neck, chest wall and groin. Don't attempt to warm the arms and legs. Heat applied to the arms and legs forces cold blood back toward the heart, lungs and brain, causing the core body temperature to drop. This can be fatal. Don't give the person alcohol. Offer warm nonalcoholic drinks, unless the person is vomiting. Don't massage or rub the person. Handle people with hypothermia gently; their skin may be frostbitten, and rubbing frostbitten tissue can cause severe damage.
SurvivalObjective.com - Survival first aid training. A Christian perpective on preparing to survive the coming Apocalypse.
Diarrhea
Sorry to have to bring up the D word... but an extreme change of diet, dirty hands, cooking or eating utensils, mishandling of raw foods, such as chicken and seafood, or the consumption of tainted water may result in diarrhea which in turn will cause a loss of nutrients and precious body fluids. Take extra care in cleanliness and what you consume. Boil water for an additional three to five minutes to avoid diarrhea. Going to the toilet numerous times is uncomfortable and very inconvenient, but in itself does not kill you. It is dehydration (loss of body fluid, salt, and electrolytes) that causes death. Salt Replacement The need for extra salt (a source of sodium) depends on the severity and duration of your sickness. When sodium replacement is required, it should be provided through food, beverages, and as added salt to foods. I don't recommend the use of salt tablets. I carry about three ounces of table salt in my survival backpack, enough for salting my food, and some extra for sodium replacement when needed. Electrolyte Replacement Diarrhea justifies electrolyte replacement through raised consumption of carbohydrate from sugars or starch. If you have any foods with sugar or starch, snack on them if your stomach will tolerate food. Note: If by chance you have sugar and salt with you, mix one teaspoon of salt and six teaspoons of sugar in a quart of water and sip it along with your regular water intake.
Snake Bites Shock Wounds Bleeding Burns Insect Stings & Bites Dehydration
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Fractures Hypothermia