Jeremy G. Vicencio 1st Semester, A.Y.

2011-2012

Technically, not a part of mitosis Intensive metabolic activity, cell growth, and cell differentiation occur. Chromosomes are extended and uncoiled, forming chromatin

Gap 1 Cell prepares for DNA replication. Ribosomes, tRNA, mRNA and several enzymes are synthesized and the cytoplasmic mass increases. The centriole duplicates in late G or early S phase. S phase DNA replication takes place Gap 2 The cell prepares for mitosis. Spindle and aster proteins are synthesized.

G1 checkpoint check to see if DNA is damaged G2 checkpoint check to see if DNA is replicated properly M checkpoint spindle assembly checkpoint, check for alignment of chromosomes If any of the checks fail, the cell undergoes apoptosis (programmed cell death)

A form of cell division resulting in the production of two cells, each with the same chromosome and genetic complement as the parent cell.

Spindle formation Centrioles move to opposite poles Chromosomes become visible Nuclear membrane starts to disintegrate

Period of chromosome movement Microtubules of spindle attach to kinetochore on chromosomes

Chromosomes line up along the metaphase plate The term is applied strictly to the chromosome configuration after migration

The shortest stage of mitosis Sister chromatids of each chromosome disjoin (separate) from each other and migrate to opposite poles Splitting of the centromeric region

Nuclear membrane reforms Chromosomes unwind Commencement of cytokinesis (cell pinches inward and forms two daughter cells)

Interphase

Prophase

Metaphase

Anaphase

Telophase

Animal Cell
Cleavage furrow: shallow groove near metaphase plate Contractile ring of actin microfilaments at the cytoplasmic side of furrow Contraction: pulling of drawstrings Deepening of cleavage furrow Pinching of cell into 2

Plant Cell
Vesicles (with cell wall materials) from the Golgi move along the microtubules to middle of cell Coalescence of vesicles Cell plate formation Cell wall materials collect at cell plate Cell plate enlarges surrounding membrane fuse with plasma membrane 2 daughter cells Cell wall between daughter cells

Centrosome has 2 centrioles Centrosome has 0 centrioles Cytokinesis: CLEAVAGE Cytokinesis: CELL PLATE

Growth and development of an organism Repair of damaged tissues/organs Reproduction (Asexual) Genetic continuity