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Ian Baring-Gould, NREL based on research by Eric Lantz, Adam Warren, Owen Roberts, Vahan Gevorgian, & Dan Olis
EDIN-USVI Energy Workshop June 11, 2012 Bjerget House, St. Croix
6000
MW
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0 800 600
Ramp (MW/hour)
Net load (load-wind) Additional ramping needs with wind Maximum/Minimum Load Peak Load
80 Hours (1 week)
100
120
140
160
There are a number of ways from the demand and supply side to help support this flexibility, with expanded use of inelegant grids important
Currently used for various public and private generally industrial uses with residences primarily along Route 30 No identified near or long-term conflicting uses on largely private lands Access to 13.8-kVA transmission and about 2 miles from the East End Substation
Long-term data demonstrates wind resource for economically viable wind development in the USVI and is likely bounded by recorded airport and satellite-based SSMI data
Site-specific measurement tower and SODAR-based resource assessments being undertaken to help further understand the available wind resource and its characteristics
Virtual Meteorological Mast (VMM) data obtained from AWS TruePower to allow initial assessment of potential wind VMM data developed from global atmospheric models, surface observations, satellite observations, and weather balloon data 6.3 m/s annual average with +/- 0.8 m/s accuracy, largely due to the absence of wind shear data above 30m height
Similar in nature to other locally observed wind data Very directional datagood for turbine spacing Consistent winds exceed 5.0 m/s for 70% of the timegood for power quality Diurnal profile indicates stronger winds early morning through noon
Initial estimate of LCOE for potential wind development, including current federal incentives but excluding detailed integration and system balancing requirements
Areas where the hub of the turbine is likely to be visible in the absence of tree or other local obstructions
Using the WindPro software, visualizations were completed using photographs from several locations likely to have direct views of the turbine sites. These were conducted with different turbine types and sizes.
Visual simulation of a six-turbine project (~12 MW) from Water Gate Road (Point E)
Visual simulation of a six-turbine project (~12 MW) from Bolongo Bay (Point F)
Visual simulation of a six-turbine project (~12 MW) from close to Virgin Islands Ecotours on Rt. 32 (Point H)
Noise, safety, and flicker impacts of turbines are assessed with setback standards and computer simulation Although there are no typical distance standards defined for noise and flicker, the above figure shows a 1,500-ft radius around a purely hypothetical turbine layout
Existing projects in Jamaica, Cuba, and Aruba all indicate that projects can be installed and insured
But would require equipment staging and the use of ship-based crane support Installation crane and local access will also be required but are not seen as major roadblocks
Possible equipment drop points and overland transport routes, including likely problem turns
Resource
Wind
PV
Wind
PV
Wind
PV
Wind
PV
St. Thomas
8 MW
3 MW
16 MW
6 MW
25 MW
8 MW
32 MW
12 MW
ST. Croix
5 MW
2 MW
10 MW
4 MW
15 MW
6 MW
20 MW
8 MW
Integration of high contributions of renewables into the St. Thomas and St. Croix grids will require careful consideration, especially at higher contributions Studies have looked at several options including integration into the Puerto Rico grid Steady-state and short-circuit analysis by Siemens did not reveal major issues that can prevent incorporating the renewable resource Dynamic stability studies conducted by Siemens confirm that careful consideration of grid impacts will be required at higher renewable energy contributions absent a PR interconnection Careful turbine selection and the potential use of energy-smoothing technologies will need to be used at higher wind contributions Further studies when turbine selection is ongoing will be required
Carpe Ventem