CHAPTER 4 MAIN BEAMS

MAIN BEAMS

CHAPTER 4

- Introduction
Beams are the second main component of the concrete structures system, and the main object of beams is to transmit the load from the slab to the columns. Beams can be described as members that are subjected to flexure and it is essential to focus on the analysis of bending moment, shear, and deflection. Beams are designed considering the bending moment and the shear forces and deflection. Types of Beam According To Shape Of Beam: Fig . Below shows the most common shapes of concrete beams :single reinforced rectangular beams, doubly reinforced rectangular beams, T-shape beams, and spandrel.

Fig :Common shapes of concrete beam

In castin-place construction, the single reinforced rectangular beam is Uncommon .The T-shape and L-shape beams are typical types of beam because the beams are built monolithically with the slab .When slab and beams are poured together, the slab on the beam serves as the flange of a T-beam and the supporting beam below slab is the stem or web .For positive applied bending moment, the bottom of section produces the tension and the slab acts as compression flange .But negative bending on a

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rectangular beam puts the stem in compression and the flange Is ineffective in tension . Joists consist of spaced ribs and a top flange. Types of beams According to Support: Beams are classified according to the way in which they are supported. Several types of beams frequently used are shown in Fig .5.2 The distance L shown in the various parts of the figure is called the span .Note that the reactions at the supports of the beams in parts a, b, and c of the figure involve a total of only three unknowns and, therefore, can be determined by the methods of statics.

Fig : shows the different types of supports Beams are designed considering the bending moment and the shear forces and deflection. In our project, the main issue weve faced is the deflection control. In our project, we have designed 24 rectangular beam sections using (PROKON) application, and we have calculated a manual sample which will be shown in the following. After that we have summarized the sections and the area of steel needed in tables will be shown in the following pages. BEAMS SYMBOLS At the first, this is a summary table shows the main beams and the symbol of each one:

Level Garage ( B1 , B2 , B3 and B4) Ground floor ( G.F) Typical floors ( from 1st to the 14th floor ) Roof floor

Beams symbols B1 , B2 , B3 , B4 , B4(2) , B4(3) , BS B5 , B6 , B7 , B8 , B9 , B9(2) , BS1 B10 , B11 , B12 , B13 , B14 , BS1 B15 , B16 , B17 , B18 , B19 , BS1
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- Design of Beams:
Beams type that used in the project: Rectangular beams.

Procedure for Designing a Rectangular beam for flexure:

1- Find

2- Find R

3- Dimensioning

4- Find As

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5- Check if tension controlled

6- Check section capacity

- Design of Rectangular beams for shear: 1- find 2345- Find 6- Find 7-

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- A manual sample Design for a rectangular beam in the garage (B2)

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-1000

-400

-600

-800

-200

-100 -200 -300 -400 -500 -600

800
500 400 300 200 100
.500

600
.500
1.00

400
1.00 1.50 2.00 2.50 3.00 3.50 4.00 4.50 5.00 5.50 6.00 6.50 7.00 7.50 8.00 8.50 9.00 9.50
10.0 10.5 11.0 11.5 12.0 12.5 13.0 13.5 14.0 14.5 15.0 15.5 16.0 16.5 17.0 1.50 2.00 2.50 3.00 3.50 4.00 4.50 5.00 5.50 6.00 6.50 7.00 7.50 8.00 8.50 9.00 9.50

200 MOMENTS: X-X

SHEAR: X-X

One-end continuous

Use h=590 (due to architectural reasons)

A) Design For negative moment

10.0 10.5 11.0 11.5 12.0 12.5 13.0 13.5 14.0 14.5 15.0 15.5 16.0 16.5 17.0

7- Find

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M max = -1049kNm @ 10.0m

V max = -633.4kN @ 10.0m

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8- Find R

9- Dimensioning

10-

Find As
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11-

Check if tension controlled

12-

Check section capacity

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B) Design For Positive moment

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C) Design For Positive moment

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- Design of shear

`
Figure : first span design shear diagram for B2 59

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- Reinforcement sections for B2

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- Table of beams reinforcement B1

section A

b=200
Min. moment 49.92

h=390
Max. Moment 71.96 As (top) 0 proposed steel As (bottom) 587.4 proposed steel 3 18

B2
section A B C

b=900
Min. moment 592.69 -1049.18 99.22

h=590
Max. Moment 878.22 -842.99 310.42 As (top) 0 5606.98 0 proposed steel 0 7 32 0 As (bottom) 4601.72 0 1535.12 proposed steel 10 25 6 22

B3
section A B C D E F G

b=1200
Min. moment -1.48 -420.02 148 -520.94 77.72 -484.15 143.88

h=390
Max. Moment 103.04 -211.75 324.71 -378.18 247.1 -247.5 324.54 As (top) 11.2 3420.59 0 4331.78 0 3994.77 0 proposed steel 11 20 9 25 9 25 As (bottom) 792.02 0 2595.89 0 1947.44 0 2594.51 proposed steel 8 12 9 20 10 16 9 20

B4
section A B C D E

b=490
Min. moment 87.96 -355.35 92.9 -343.27 64.9

h=490
Max. Moment 206.66 -269.52 210.74 -256.08 187.02 As (top) 0 2300.95 0 2214.24 0 proposed steel 3 32 3 32 As (bottom) 1280.57 0 1307.33 0 1152.63 proposed steel 3 25 3 25 3 25

B4(2) b=390
section A B C Min. moment 59.57 -254.88 120.05

h=390
Max. Moment 118.55 -212.88 200.29 As (top) 0 2162.3 0 proposed steel 3 32 As (bottom) 940.67 0 1651.43 proposed steel 3 22 4 25

B4(3) b=490
section Min. moment 178.13

h=490
Max. Moment 249.38 As (top) 0 proposed steel As (bottom) 1563.99 proposed steel 4 25

B5
section

b=200
Min. moment

h=390
Max. Moment As (top) proposed steel As (bottom) proposed steel 63

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42.28

62.78

506.93

3 16

B6
section A B C

b=800
Min. moment 513.57 -929.3 81.78

h=650
Max. Moment 779.18 -737.48 278.24 As (top) 0 4376.58 0 proposed steel 6 32 As (bottom) 3615.59 0 1234.25 proposed steel 8 25 7 16

B7
section A B C D E F G

b=1000
Min. moment -8.81 -600.15 195.96 -744.54 98.78 -691.56 127.94

h=450
Max. Moment 153.44 -282.66 467.9 -526.93 361.07 -330.81 406.3 As (top) 56.94 4263.65 0 5441.31 0 5000.38 0 proposed steel 9 25 7 32 7 32 As (bottom) 1012.09 0 3245.85 0 2460.06 0 2789.05 proposed steel 9 12 9 22 10 18 11 18

B8
section A B C D E

b=650
Min. moment 264.68 -717.64 70.45 -484.77 112.52

h=550
Max. Moment 561.31 -501.63 275.84 -322.86 303.77 As (top) 0 4189.83 0 2710.12 0 proposed steel 6 32 6 25 As (bottom) 3180.99 0 1489.95 0 1648 proposed steel 7 25 6 18 7 18

B9
section A B C

b=750
Min. moment 193.16 -501.51 134.64

450
Max. Moment 346.84 -414.46 272.09 As (top) 0.00 3609.92 0.00 proposed steel 5 32 As (bottom) 2403.78 0.00 1854.28 proposed steel 5 25 5 22

B9(2) b=800
section A Min. moment 258.75

h=450
Max. Moment 372.75 As (top) 0 proposed steel As (bottom) 2584.89 proposed steel 7 22

B10
section A

b=200
Min. moment 40.36

450
Max. Moment 50.61 As (top) 0 proposed steel As (bottom) 338.91 proposed steel 3 12

B11
section A

b=400
Min. moment 747

h=950
Max. Moment 911 As (top) 0 proposed steel As (bottom) 3039.33 proposed steel 4 32

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B12
section A B C D E

b=1000
Min. moment 25.2 -452.53 209 -710.77 271.57

h=450
Max. Moment 120.57 -327.25 333.68 -570.48 480.35 As (top) 0 3130.91 0 5158.95 0 proposed steel 9 22 7 32 As (bottom) 791.48 0 2263.32 0 3339.45 proposed steel 7 12 9 18 9 22

B13
section A B C

b=1200
Min. moment 319.48 -688.51 265.07

h=450
Max. Moment 439.09 -622.85 379.97 As (top) 0 4867.44 0 proposed steel 10 25 As (bottom) 2993.98 0 2570.18 proposed steel 12 18 11 18

B14
section A B C

b=300
Min. moment 92.49 -193.11 67.05

h=450
Max. Moment 129.56 -172.11 100.20 As (top) 0.00 1383.32 0.00 proposed steel 3 25 As (bottom) 893.22 0.00 679.68 proposed steel 3 20 3 20

B15
section A

b=200
Min. moment 25.86

h=450
Max. Moment 36.11 As (top) 0 proposed steel As (bottom) 239.18 proposed steel 3 12

B16
section A

b=500
Min. moment 548.82

h=900
Max. Moment 712.82 As (top) 0 proposed steel As (bottom) 2301.44 proposed steel 5 25

B17
section A B C D E

b=850
Min. moment 9.17 -330.82 120.18 -511.63 169.81

h=450
Max. Moment 95.03 -211.71 245.64 -391.74 351.69 As (top) 0 2264.44 0 3636.01 0 proposed steel 8 20 8 25 As (bottom) 623.03 0 1654.28 0 2417.18 proposed steel 6 12 7 18 8 20

B18
section A B C

b=800
Min. moment 192.85 -479.1 157.4

h=450
Max. Moment 312.47 -413.44 272.29 As (top) 0 3402.87 0 proposed steel 7 25 As (bottom) 2139.28 0 1848.9 proposed steel 7 20 8 18

B19

b=250

h=450
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section A B C

Min. moment 57.24 -137.72 40.5

Max. Moment 94.32 -116.72 73.65

As (top) 0 969.52 0

proposed steel 3 22

As (bottom) 644.31 0 496.47

proposed steel 3 18 3 16

BS1
section A

b=200
Min. moment 14.36

h=450
Max. Moment 21.36 As (top) 0 proposed steel As (bottom) 139.9 proposed steel 2 12

BS
section A

b=200
Min. moment 0.625

h=390
Max. Moment 14.29 As (top) 21.29 proposed steel 0 As (bottom) 164.29 proposed steel 2 12

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