Common Nouns.

A common noun begins with a lowercase letter unless it is at the beginning of a sentence. A common noun is a word that names people, places, things, or ideas. They are not the names of a single person, place or thing. Example: People : man,women,mother,girl,boy. Animals : cat,dog,fish,ant,snake.

Proper Nouns.
A proper noun is the special word ( or name ) that we use for a person, place or organization, like John , Marie , London , France or Sony. A name is a noun, but a very special noun a proper noun. Proper nouns have special rules. Example : Common Noun Man, boy Women, girl Country, Town Film,book Proper Noun Ricky Shanty London Titanic, Avatar

Concrete Nouns.
A concrete noun is the name of something or someone that we experience through our senses, sight, hearing, smell, touch or taste. Most nouns are concrete nouns. The opposite of concrete noun is an abstract noun. For example : Cats, dogs, tables, chairs, buses, and teachers are all concrete nouns.

Abstract Nouns.
An abstract noun is a noun that you cannot sense, its the name we give to an emotion, ideal or idea. They have no physical existence, you cant see, hear, touch, smell or taste them. The opposite of an abstract noun is a concrete noun. Examples :

adoration belief calm dexterity ego failure happiness idea joy law maturity omen peace

artistry bravery charity childhood comfort compassion

faith hate

feelings honesty

friendship hope

impression infatuation

liberty memory

love

loyalty

pride

principle

power

redemption romance sadness talent wit sensitivity thrill skill truth sleep success sympathy

Countable and Uncountable Nouns.

A noun can be countable and uncountable. Countable noun can be counted. They have a singular and plural form. For example : A book, two books, three books.
Uncountable nouns ( also called mass nouns or noncount nouns ) cannot be counted, they are not separate objects. This means you cannot make them plural by adding-s because they only have a singular form. It is also means that they dont take a/an a number in front of them. For example : Water, work, Information, coffee and sand.

Countable (use a/an or a number in front of countable nouns) An Apple / 1 Apple I eat an apple every day. Add (s) to make a countable noun plural apples I eat an apple every day. Apples are good for you.

Uncountable (there is no a/an or number with uncountable nouns) Rice I eat rice every day. (not I eat a rice every day.) There is no plural form for an uncountable noun rice I eat rice every day. Rice is good for you. To make uncountable nouns countable add a counting word, such as a unit of measurement, or the general word piece. We use the form "a ....... of ......." Rice=a grain of rice Water=a glass of water Rain=a drop of rain Music=a piece of music

A computer= Computers are fun.

An elephant=Elephants are large.

You can use some and any with countable nouns. Some dogs can be dangerous. I don't use any computers at work.

You can use some and any with uncountable nouns. I usually drink some wine with my meal. I don't usually drink any water with my wine.

You only use many and few with plural You only use much and little with countable nouns. uncountable nouns. So many elephants have been hunted that I don't usually drink much coffee. they are an endangered species. Little wine is undrinkable though. There are few elephants in England. You can use a lot of and no with plural countable nouns. No computers were bought last week. A lot of computers were reported broken the week before. You can use a lot of and no with uncountable nouns. A lot of wine is drunk in France. No wine is drunk in Iran.

Making uncountable nouns caountable.

You can make most uncountable noun countable by putting a countable expression in front of the noun. For example:

A piece of information. 2 glasses of water. 10 litres of coffee. Three grains of sand. A pane of glass.

Making uncountable nouns countable You can make most uncountable noun countable by putting a countable expression in front of the noun. For example :

A piece of information 2 glasses of water.

10 litres of coffee. Three grains of sand. A pane of glass.

Sources of confusion with countable and uncountable nouns.

The notion of countable and uncountable can be confusing. Some nouns can be countable or uncountable depending on their meaning. Usually a noun is uncountable when used in a general, abstract meaning (when you don't think of it as a separate object) and countable when used in a particular meaning (when you can think of it as a separate object). For example:glass - A glass of water. (Countable) | A window made of glass. (Uncountable) Some supposedly uncountable nouns can behave like countable nouns if we think of them as being in containers, or one of several types. This is because 'containers' and 'types' can be counted. Believe it or not each of these sentences is correct:Doctors recommend limiting consumption to two coffees a day. (Here coffees refers to the number of cups of coffee) You could write; Doctors recommend limiting consumption to two cups of coffee a day." The coffees I prefer are Arabica and Brazilian. (Here coffees refers to different types of coffee) You could write; "The types of coffee I prefer are Arabica and Brazilian." - In good monolingual dictionaries, uncountable nouns are identified by [U] and countable nouns by [C]

Singular and Plural Nouns.

Plural nouns : A plural forms a noun names more than one. It usually ends with s or es. Add es to make nouns plural with : s ---- > Buses x ---- > Taxes

Add ies to make nouns plural that end with a consonant and a y: Lady : Ladies, Fry : Fries

Singular nouns. Means one item only. Examples : Bed, boy, girl, book and house.

Collective Nouns.
Is the name of a group or collection of similar people or things. People. A Troop of soldiers A band of musicians A panel of judges A staff of teachers A tribe of natives Animals. A brood of chickens A flock of birds/sheep A gaggle of geese A herd of cattle A litter of kittens Things. A bale of cotton A batch of bread A bouquet of roses A chest of drawers A galaxy of stars A clutch of eggs A clump of trees A fleet of ships A deck of cards A string of pearls A pack of wolves A pride of lions A school/shoal of fish A swarm of bees A team of oxen A crew of sailors A field of runners A gang achieves A choir of singers A troupe of dancers

Compound Nouns.
A compound noun is a noun that is made up of two or more words. Basketball = basket+ball Walking stick = walking+stick

Combinations: (a) Noun + noun Noun < ---- football ---- > noun (b) Adjective + noun Adjective < ---- blackbird ---- > noun ( c ) Verb + noun Verb < ---- pickpocket ---- > noun (c) Gerund + noun Gerund < ---- flying carpet ---- > noun (d) Verb + preposition Verb < ---- check in ---- > preposition