ASSIGNMENT ON

MANAGERIAL COMMUNICATION

About

Submitted by NIMISHA.E Roll No: 19 Submitted To Mr. Muhamed Shaduli

Google at a glance
Type Traded as Industry Founded : : : : Public NASDAQ: GOOG FWB: GGQ1 Internet Computer software Menlo Park, California (September 4, 1998) Founder(s) Headquarters : : Sergey Brin Larry Page

1600 Amphitheatre Parkway, Mountain View, California, United States

Area served Key people

: :

Worldwide Larry Page (Co-Founder and CEO) Eric Schmidt (Executive Chairman) Sergey Brin (Co-Founder)

Subsidiaries Website :

YouTube, DoubleClick, On2 Technologies, Picnik, Aardvark, AdMob, Zagat, Motorola Mobility www.google.com

INTRODUCTION TO GOOGLE
Google Inc. is an American multinational public corporation invested in Internet search, cloud computing, and advertising technologies. Google hosts and develops a number of Internet-based services and products, and generates profit primarily from advertising through its AdWords program. The company was founded by Larry Page and Sergey Brin, often dubbed the "Google Guys", while the two were attending Stanford University as PhD candidates. It was first incorporated as a privately held company on September 4, 1998, and its initial public offering followed on August 19, 2004. At that time Larry Page, Sergey Brin, and Eric Schmidt agreed to work together at Google for twenty years, until the year 2024. It has been estimated that Google runs over one million servers in data centers around the world, and processes over one billion search requests and about twenty-four terabytes of user-generated data every day. Alexa lists the main U.S.-focused google.com site as the Internet's most visited website, and numerous international Google sites (google.co.in) is the most visited site in India, google.co.uk in the U.K, etc. are in the top hundred, as are several other Google-owned sites such as YouTube (Alexa:3), Blogger (Alexa:6), and Orkut. Google also ranks number two in the BrandZ brand equity database. The dominant market position of Google's services has led to criticism of the company over issues including privacy, copyright, and censorship. Googles mission is to organize the worlds information and make it universally accessible and useful.

HISTORY
Google began in January 1996 as a research project by Larry Page and Sergey Brin when they were both PhD students at Stanford University in California. While conventional search engines ranked results by counting how many times the search terms appeared on the page, the two theorized about a better system that analyzed the relationships between websites. They called this new technology PageRank, where a website's relevance was determined by the number of pages, and the importance of those pages, that linked back to the original site. Page and Brin originally nicknamed their new search engine "BackRub", because the system checked back links to estimate the importance of a site. Eventually, they changed the name to Google, originating from a misspelling of the word "googol", the number one followed by one hundred zeros, which was picked to signify that the search engine wants to provide large quantities of information for people.

Financing and initial public offering

The first funding for Google was an August 1998 contribution of US$100,000 from Andy Bechtolsheim, co-founder of Sun Microsystems, given before Google was even incorporated. Early in 1999, they went to Excite CEO George Bell and offered to sell it to him for $1 million. He rejected the offer, and later criticized Vinod Khosla, one of Excites venture capitalists, after he had negotiated Brin and Page down to $750,000. On June 7, 1999, a $25 million round of funding was announced, with major investors including the venture capital firms Kleiner Perkins Caufield & Byers and Sequoia Capital. Google's initial public offering (IPO) took place five years later on August 19, 2004. The company offered 19,605,052 shares at a price of $85 per share. Shares were sold in a unique online auction format using a system built by Morgan Stanley and Credit Suisse, underwriters for the deal. The sale of $1.67 billion gave Google a market capitalization of more than $23 billion. The vast majority of the 271 million shares remained under the control of Google. The stock's performance after the IPO went well, with shares hitting $700 for the first time on October 31, 2007, primarily because of strong sales and earnings in the online advertising market. The surge in stock price was fuelled mainly by individual investors, as opposed to large institutional investors and mutual funds. The company is now listed on the NASDAQ stock exchange under the ticker symbol GOOG and under the Frankfurt Stock Exchange under the ticker symbol GGQ1.

Growth
In March 1999, the company moved its offices to Palo Alto, California. The next year, against Page and Brin's initial opposition toward an advertisingfunded search engine, Google began selling advertisements associated with search keywords. ] In order to maintain an uncluttered page design and increase speed, advertisements were solely text-based. Keywords were sold based on a combination of price bids and click-throughs, with bidding starting at five cents per click. During this time, Google was granted a patent describing its PageRank mechanism. The patent was officially assigned to Stanford University and lists Lawrence Page as the inventor. In 2003, after outgrowing two other locations, the company leased its current office complex from Silicon Graphics at 1600 Amphitheatre Parkway in Mountain View, California. The complex has since come to be known as the Googleplex, a play on the word googolplex, the number one followed by a googol zeroes. The Googleplex interiors were designed by Clive Wilkinson Architects. Three years later, Google would buy the property from SGI for $319 million. Three years later, Google would buy the property from SGI for $319 million. By that time, the name "Google" had found its way into everyday language.

Acquisitions and partnerships

Since 2001- Google has acquired many companies, mainly focusing on small venture capital companies. 2004- Google acquired Keyhole, Inc. The start-up company developed a product called Earth Viewer that gave a three-dimensional view of the Earth. 2005- Google renamed the service to Google Earth. Google partnered with NASA Ames Research Center to build 1,000,000 square feet (93,000 m2) of offices. The offices would be used for research projects involving large-scale data management, nanotechnology, distributed computing, and the entrepreneurial space industry. Google entered into a partnership with Sun Microsystems to help share and distribute each other's technologies. The company also partnered with AOL of Time Warner, to enhance each other's video search services. Google's partnerships also included financing the new .mobi top-level domain for mobile devices, along with other companies including Microsoft, Nokia, and Ericsson.

2006- Google announced that it had acquired the video-sharing site YouTube for US$1.65 billion in Google stock, and the deal was finalized. 2007(April 13) - Google reached an agreement to acquire DoubleClick for $3.1 billion, giving Google valuable relationships that DoubleClick had with Web publishers and advertising agencies. Google purchased GrandCentral for $50 million. The site would later be changed over to Google Voice. Google began sponsoring NORAD Tracks Santa, a service that follows Santa Claus' progress on Christmas Eve, using Google Earth, and displacing former sponsor AOL. 2008- Google developed a partnership with GeoEye to launch a satellite providing Google with high-resolution (0.41 m monochrome, 1.65 m color) imagery for Google Earth. Google also announced that it was hosting an archive of Life Magazine's photographs as part of its latest partnership. 2009(August 5) - Google bought out its first public company, purchasing video software maker On2 Technologies for $106.5 million. Google also acquired Aardvark, a social network search engine, for $50 million. 2010- Google announced it had acquired a hardware startup, Agnilux. Google Energy made its first investment in a renewable-energy project, putting $38.8 million into two wind farms in North Dakota. Google purchased Global IP Solutions, a Norway-based company that provides web-based teleconferencing and other related services. Google signed an agreement with an Iowa wind farm to buy 114 megawatts of energy for 20 years. 2011- Google announced that it would acquire Motorola Mobility for $12.5 billion subject to approval from regulators in the United States and Europe.

Google Data Centres

Google Inc. currently owns and operates 6 data centers across the U.S., plus one in Finland and another in Belgium. This year the company has announced to build 3 data centers worth more than $200 million in Asia (Singapore, Hong Kong and Taiwan).

Products and services

Advertising
Ninety-nine percent of Google's revenue is derived from its advertising programs. For the 2006 fiscal year, the company reported $10.492 billion in total advertising revenues. Using technology from the company DoubleClick, Google can determine user interests and target advertisements so they are relevant to their context and the user that is viewing them. Google Analytics allows website owners to track where and how people use their website. Google's AdWords allows advertisers to display their advertisements in the Google content network, through either a cost-per-click or cost-per-view scheme. Google AdSense, allows website owners to display these advertisements on their website, and earn money every time ads are clicked. In an attempt to advertise its own products, Google launched a website called Demo Slam, developed to demonstrate technology demos of Google Products.

Search engine
Google Search, a web search engine, is the company's most popular service. Google indexes billions of web pages, so that users can search for the information they desire, through the use of keywords and operators. Google search engine has spread to specific services as well, including an image search engine, the Google News search site, Google Maps, and more. In early 2006, the company launched Google Video, which allowed users to upload, search, and watch videos from the Internet. The company even developed Google Desktop, a desktop search application used to search for files local to one's computer. Google's most recent development in search is its partnership with the United States Patent and Trademark Office to create Google Patents, which enables free access to information about patents and trademarks. One of the more controversial search services Google hosts is Google Books. The company began scanning books and uploading limited previews, and full books where allowed, into its new book search engine.

Productivity tools
Google has released a number of online productivity tools. Gmail is a free webmail service provided by Google. This service would be the first online email service with one gigabyte of storage, and the first to keep emails from the same conversation together in one thread, similar to an Internet forum. Google Docs, another part of Google's productivity suite, allows users to create, edit, and collaborate on documents in an online environment, not dissimilar to Microsoft Word.

Enterprise products
Google entered the enterprise market in February 2002 with the launch of its Google Search Appliance, targeted toward providing search technology for larger organizations. Google launched the Mini which was targeted at smaller organizations. Another one of Google's enterprise products is Google Apps Premier Edition. The service, and its accompanying Google Apps Education Edition and Standard Edition, allow companies, schools, and other organizations to bring Google's online applications, such as Gmail and Google Documents, into its own domain.

Other products
Google Translate is a server-side machine translation service, which can translate between 35 different languages. Google launched its Google News service in 2002. Google Wave was described as a product that helps users communicate and collaborate on the web. The company offers social networking tools, including Orkut and, more recently, Google Buzz and Google+. Google's products extend to the desktop as well, with applications such as the web browser Google Chrome, the Picasa photo organization and editing software, and the Google Talk instant messaging application. Google leads the development of the Android mobile operating system, used on a number of phones such as the Motorola Droid and the Samsung Galaxy Smartphone series', as well as the new Google Chrome OS, best known as the main operating system on the Cr-48 and also, since 15 June 2011, on commercial Chrome books such as the Samsung Series 5 and Acer AC700.

Financial Strength
Revenue (TTM) Earnings (TTM) Quick Ratio Current Ratio Total Debt/Equity $35,761,000,000 $9,575,000,000 5.8:1 6:1 0.08:1

Profitability
Gross Margin EBITDA Margin Profit Margin 69.9% 38.4% 34.0%

Business Summary
Number of Employees Related Companies 28,768 MSFT, ORCL, AMZN, SAPGF

Share Fundamentals
Market Cap Shares Outstanding Float Short Interest 145.95B 256.00M 251.59M 5.58M