Code No: V3110/R07

Set No. 1

III B.Tech I Semester Regular Examinations, November 2009 POWER SYSTEMS-II (Electrical & Electronic Engineering) Time: 3 hours Max Marks: 80 Answer any FIVE Questions All Questions carry equal marks

1. (a) What is the method of images? How can it be used to take into account the presence of ground in calculating the capacitance of a single phase line? (b) Two conductors of a single phase line, each of 2cm diameter, are arranged in a vertical plane with one conductor mounted 2m above the other. A second identical line is mounted at the same height as the rst and space horizontally 0.5m apart from it. The two upper and the lower conductors are connected in parallel. Determine the inductance per km of the resulting double circuit line. [8+8] 2. (a) Discuss the terms voltage regulation and transmission eciency as applied to transmission line. (b) A balanced 3-phase load of 30 MW is supplied at 132 kV, 50Hz and 0.85 p.f lag by means of a transmission line. The series impedance of a single conductor is (20+j40) ohms and the total phase-neutral admittance is 315 106 mhos. Use nominal - T to determine i. A, B, C, D constants of the line, ii. Vs and iii. regulation of the line.

[6+10]

3. (a) Derive the expressions for voltage and current distribution over a long line. Explain the signicance of characteristic impedance loading in connection with the long lines. Deduce the above voltage and current relations in the hyperbolic form and obtain the element values of an equivalent to represent the long lines. (b) Determine the auxiliary constants of a 3-phase, 50Hz. 200km long transmission line having resistance, inductance and capacitance per phase per km of 0.15 ohm, 3.5mH and 0.009F respectively. [8+8] 4. (a) Draw equivalent circuit for nding the transmitted voltage and current surges on a forked line. Derive expressions for the transmitted voltage and currents. (b) A transmission line has an inductance of 0.93 H/km and a capacitance of 0.0078 F/km. This overhead line is connected to an underground cable having an inductance of 0.155 mH/km and a capacitance of 0.187 F/km. If a surge of crest 100 kV travels in the cable towards its junction with the line, nd the surge transmitted along the line. [8+8]

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Code No: V3110/R07

Set No. 1

5. (a) Derive an equation for calculating the maximum electric intensity on the conductor surface of a 3-phase single circuit horizontal conguration line with two sub-conductors per phase. (b) In a 3-phase overhead line, the conductors have an overall diameter of 3.0 cm each and are arranged in delta formation. Assuming a critical disruptive voltage of 250 kV between lines and an air density factor of 0.90 and m0 = 0.95, nd the minimum spacing between conductors allowable, assume fair weather conditions. [8+8] 6. (a) What is guard ring which is being used in the suspension string type insulator? Deduce the relation for determining the capacitance formed by the ring. (b) A three phase over head line is being supported by tree discs suspension insulators, the potential across the rst and second insulators are 12 and 18 kV respectively. Calculate i. the line voltage, ii. the ratio of capacitance between pin and earth to self-capacitance of each unit, iii. the string eciency. [8+8] 7. (a) Is sag desirable or an evil for a transmission line? Discuss the various conductor material used for overhead lines. (b) An overhead line has a conductor of cross-section 2.5 cm2 and a span length of 150 meters. Determine the sag which must be allowed if the tension is not to exceed one-fth of the ultimate strength of 4,175 kg/cm2 i. In still air, ii. With a wind pressure of 1.3 kg/meter and an ice coating of 1.25 kg/m. iii. Determine also the vertical sag in the latter case. [6+10] 8. (a) Show that for the same dimensions of a cable with an intersheath can withstand a working voltage of 33% higher than a non-intersheath cable. Assume same homogeneous dielectric and most economical designs for both cables. (b) A 3-phase, single core 66 kV cable has a conductor diameter of 3 cm and a sheath of inside diameter 6 cm. If two intersheaths are introduced in such a way that the stress varies between the same maximum and minimum in the three layers. Find i. Positions of intersheaths ii. voltage on the intersheaths iii. Maximum and minimum stress.

[8+8]

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Code No: V3110/R07

Set No. 2

III B.Tech I Semester Regular Examinations, November 2009 POWER SYSTEMS-II (Electrical & Electronic Engineering) Time: 3 hours Max Marks: 80 Answer any FIVE Questions All Questions carry equal marks

1. (a) What are bundled conductors? Discuss the advantages of bundled conductors, when used for overhead lines. (b) Calculate the capacitance (phase-to-neutral) of a three-phase 100 km long double circuit line shown in Figure 1b, with conductors of diameter 2.0 cm each arranged at the corners of an hexagon with sides measuring 2.1 m. [8+8]

Figure 1b 2. (a) Dene regulation of a short 3-phase transmission system and develop an expression for approximate voltage regulation. (b) A balanced 3-phase load of 30MW is supplied at 132kV, 50Hz and 0.85 p.f. lagging by means of a transmission line. The series impedance of a single conductor is (20 + j52) ohms and the total phase-neutral admittance is 315 106 mho. Using nominal-T method, determine: i. The A, B, C and D constants of the line, ii. Sending end voltage, iii. Regulation of the line.

[16]

3. (a) Derive the equivalent ABCD constants of a transmission line connected in series with an impedances at both ends. (b) The per-unit-length parameters of a 215kV, 400km, 60Hz, three phase long transmission line are y = j3.2 106 mhos per km per phase and z = (0.1 + j 0.5) ohm/km. The line supplies a 150 MW load at unity power factor. Determine i. the voltage regulation ii. the sending-end power and 1 of 2 Please purchase PDF Split-Merge on www.verypdf.com to remove this watermark.

Code No: V3110/R07 iii. the eciency of transmission.

Set No. 2
[8+8]

4. (a) Derive the travelling wave equations in a lossless transmission line. (b) The ends of two long transmission lines, A and C are connected by a cable B, 1km long. The surge impedances of A, B, C are 400, 50 and 500 ohms respectively. A rectangular voltage wave of 25 kV magnitude and of innite length is initiated in A and travels to C, determine the rst and second voltages impressed on C. [6+10] 5. (a) Write a short notes on radio interference due to corona. (b) Determine the disruptive critical voltage and the visual critical voltages for local and general corona on a 3-phase overhead transmission line consisting of three stranded copper conductors spaced at 2.5 meters apart at the corners of an equilateral triangle. Air temperature and pressure are 210 C and 73.5 cm of Hg respectively. Conductor diameter is 1.8 cm, irregularity factor (m0 ) 0.85, and surface factors (mv ) 0.7 for local and general corona 0.7 and 0.8 respectively. Breakdown strength of air is 21.1 kV (r.m.s) / cm. [6+10] 6. (a) Explain why suspension type of insulators are preferred for high voltage overhead lines. Sketch a sectional view of one unit of the suspension type insulator and describe the construction. (b) An insulator string containing ve units has equal voltage across each unit by using disc of dierent capacitances. If the top unit has a capacitance of C and pin to tower capacitance of all units is 20 percent of the mutual capacitance of top unit. Calculate mutual capacitance of each disc in a string. [8+8] 7. (a) Discuss in brief, the factors on which sag of the overhead line depends. Write the expression of sag and explain the terms with units. (b) An overhead transmission line has span of 220 metres, the conductor weighing 604kg/km.Calculate the maximum sag if the ultimate tensile strength of the conductor is 5758kg. Assume a factor of safety of 2. [8+8] 8. (a) What are all the insulating materials used in underground cables? Explain in detail about dierent kinds of insulating materials. (b) A single core 66 kV cable working on 3-phase system has a conductor diameter of 2 cm and a sheath of inside diameter 5.5 cm. If the two inter sheaths are introduced in such a way that the variation of stress is in between the same maximum and minimum in the three layers. Determine the following: i. Positions of intersheath ii. Voltage on the intersheath iii. Maximum and minimum stresses.

[8+8]

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Code No: V3110/R07

Set No. 3

III B.Tech I Semester Regular Examinations, November 2009 POWER SYSTEMS-II (Electrical & Electronic Engineering) Time: 3 hours Max Marks: 80 Answer any FIVE Questions All Questions carry equal marks

1. (a) What is the method of images? How can it be used to take into account the presence of ground in calculating the capacitance of a single phase line? (b) Two conductors of a single phase line, each of 2cm diameter, are arranged in a vertical plane with one conductor mounted 2m above the other. A second identical line is mounted at the same height as the rst and space horizontally 0.5m apart from it. The two upper and the lower conductors are connected in parallel. Determine the inductance per km of the resulting double circuit line. [8+8] 2. A 3-phase, 50Hz overhead transmission line 100km long has the following constants: Resistance/km/phase = 0.1 ohm Inductive reactance/km/phase = 0.2 ohm Capacitive susceptance /km/phase = 0.04 104 mho Determine (a) the sending end current (b) sending end voltage (c) transmission eciency when supplying a balanced load of 10000 kW at 66kV, p.f. 0.8 lagging. Use nominal-T method. Draw the phasor diagram to illustrate your calculations. [16] 3. (a) Deduce expression for the magnitude of incident and reected voltages at any point on a transmission line interms of voltage and current at receiving end, characteristic impedance and propagation constant of the line. (b) A three-phase transmission line is 300km long and delivers a load of 150MVA, 0.8p.f lag at 220kV. The ABCD constants of the line are A=D=0.8 1.80 ; B=150 880 ; C =0.002 900 mhos. Determine the following under full load and no load conditions [8+8] i. Sending-end line to neutral voltage, ii. The sending-end current, and iii. The percent voltage regulation. 4. (a) When the transmission line is terminated by the inductive load, how do you nd out the expressions of reected voltage and current wave. (b) A battery with an emf E and a resistance R is connected at t = 0 to the sending end of a lossless transmission line which is open circuited at the far end. Plot the sending end current as a function of time for R=Z0 /3. The time required for a wave to travel the full length of the line is T0 . [8+8] 1 of 2 Please purchase PDF Split-Merge on www.verypdf.com to remove this watermark.

Code No: V3110/R07 5. (a) Explain the methods of reducing corona loss.

Set No. 3

(b) Find the disruptive critical voltage and critical voltages for visual corona of a 3-phase, 200 km long line consisting of three stranded copper conductors (7/4.75) mm, area 120 mm2 spaced in a 4 metre delta arrangement, temperature 32 o C and barometric pressure 73 cm. If this line operates on 200kV at 50 Hz. Calculate fair weather and storm loss for the line. Assume any additional data, if required. [8+8] 6. (a) Explain why suspension type of insulators are preferred for high voltage overhead lines. Sketch a sectional view of one unit of the suspension type insulator and describe the construction. (b) An insulator string containing ve units has equal voltage across each unit by using disc of dierent capacitances. If the top unit has a capacitance of C and pin to tower capacitance of all units is 20 percent of the mutual capacitance of top unit. Calculate mutual capacitance of each disc in a string. [8+8] 7. (a) Explain the factors aecting the mechanical design. (b) An over head line with stranded copper conductor is supported on two poles 200 meters apart having a dierence in level of 10 m the conductor diameter is 2 cm and weighs 2.30 kg/m square meter of the projected area and the factor of safety is 4. The maximum tensile strength of the copper is 4220 kg/square meter. [6+10] 8. (a) Derive a formula for the electric stress in a single core cable. Where is the stress maximum? Where it is minimum? (b) The inner and outer diameters of a cable are 3 cm and 8cm. The cable is insulated with two materials having permittivity of 5 and 3.5 with corresponding stresses of 38kV/cm and 30 kV/cm. Calculate the radial thickness of each insulating layer and the safe working voltage of the cable. [8+8]

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Code No: V3110/R07

Set No. 4

III B.Tech I Semester Regular Examinations, November 2009 POWER SYSTEMS-II (Electrical & Electronic Engineering) Time: 3 hours Max Marks: 80 Answer any FIVE Questions All Questions carry equal marks

1. (a) What are bundled conductors? Discuss the advantages of bundled conductors, when used for overhead lines. (b) Calculate the capacitance (phase-to-neutral) of a three-phase 100 km long double circuit line shown in Figure 1b, with conductors of diameter 2.0 cm each arranged at the corners of an hexagon with sides measuring 2.1 m. [8+8]

Figure 1b 2. A (medium) single phase transmission line 100km long has the following constants: Resistance/km = 0.25 ohm Reactance/km = 0.8 ohm Susceptance/km = 14 106 mho Receiving end line voltage = 66,000 V Assume that the total capacitance of the line is localized at the receiving end alone; determine (a) the sending end current (b) the sending end voltage (c) regulation and (d) supply power factor. The line is delivering 15000kW at 0.8 power factor lagging. Draw the vector diagram to illustrate your calculations. [4+4+4+4] 3. (a) Starting from the rst principles, deduce expressions for ABCD constants of a long line in terms of its parameters. (b) A three-phase, 50 Hz, 150 km long transmission line has three conductors each of 0.7 cm radius spaced at the corners of triangle of sides 2 m, 3.5m and 4.5m. 1 of 2 Please purchase PDF Split-Merge on www.verypdf.com to remove this watermark.

Code No: V3110/R07

Set No. 4

The resistance of each conductor is 0.4 ohms per km and the line delivers 50 MVA at 132 kV and at a lagging p.f. of 0.85. Determine ABCD constants as long line (both real and complex angle methods) [8+8] 4. (a) Draw equivalent circuit for nding the transmitted voltage and current surges on a forked line. Derive expressions for the transmitted voltage and currents. (b) A transmission line has an inductance of 0.93 H/km and a capacitance of 0.0078 F/km. This overhead line is connected to an underground cable having an inductance of 0.155 mH/km and a capacitance of 0.187 F/km. If a surge of crest 100 kV travels in the cable towards its junction with the line, nd the surge transmitted along the line. [8+8] 5. (a) Explain the methods of reducing corona loss. (b) Find the disruptive critical voltage and critical voltages for visual corona of a 3-phase, 200 km long line consisting of three stranded copper conductors (7/4.75) mm, area 120 mm2 spaced in a 4 metre delta arrangement, temperature 32 o C and barometric pressure 73 cm. If this line operates on 200kV at 50 Hz. Calculate fair weather and storm loss for the line. Assume any additional data, if required. [8+8] 6. (a) Explain why suspension type of insulators are preferred for high voltage overhead lines. Sketch a sectional view of one unit of the suspension type insulator and describe the construction. (b) An insulator string containing ve units has equal voltage across each unit by using disc of dierent capacitances. If the top unit has a capacitance of C and pin to tower capacitance of all units is 20 percent of the mutual capacitance of top unit. Calculate mutual capacitance of each disc in a string. [8+8] 7. (a) Is sag desirable or an evil for a transmission line? Discuss the various conductor material used for overhead lines. (b) An overhead line has a conductor of cross-section 2.5 cm2 and a span length of 150 meters. Determine the sag which must be allowed if the tension is not to exceed one-fth of the ultimate strength of 4,175 kg/cm2 i. In still air, ii. With a wind pressure of 1.3 kg/meter and an ice coating of 1.25 kg/m. iii. Determine also the vertical sag in the latter case. [6+10] 8. (a) Find expressions for capacitance, insulation resistance and dielectric stress of a single core cable. (b) An H-type cable, 30km long has a capacitance per km between any two conductors of 0.45F. The supply voltage is 3-phase, 33kV, and 50Hz. Determine the charging current. [8+8]

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