AS IEC 61511.

2—2004
IEC 61511-2:2003
AS IEC 61511.2

Australian Standard™
This is a free 9 page sample. Access the full version at http://infostore.saiglobal.com.

Functional safety—Safety instrumented

systems for the process industry sector

Part 2: Guidelines for the application of

AS IEC 61511.1
 This Australian Standard was prepared by Committee IT-006, Information
Technology for Industrial Automation and Integration. It was approved on behalf of
the Council of Standards Australia on 5 March 2004 and published on 10 May 2004.

The following are represented on Committee IT-006:

Association of Consulting Engineers Australia
Australian Electrical and Electronic Manufacturers Association
CSIRO Centre for Planning and Design
CSIRO Manufacturing & Infrastructure Technology
Department of Defence (Australia)
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Institute of Instrumentation, Control and Automation Australia

Institution of Engineers Australia
Monash University
RMIT University
The University of Melbourne

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This Standard was issued in draft form for comment as DR 04054.

 AS IEC 61511.2—2004

Australian Standard™
This is a free 9 page sample. Access the full version at http://infostore.saiglobal.com.

Functional safety—Safety instrumented

systems for the process industry sector

Part 2: Guidelines for the application of

AS IEC 61511.1

First published as AS IEC 61511.2—2004.

COPYRIGHT
© Standards Australia International
All rights are reserved. No part of this work may be reproduced or copied in any form or by any
means, electronic or mechanical, including photocopying, without the written permission of the
publisher.
Published by Standards Australia International Ltd
GPO Box 5420, Sydney, NSW 2001, Australia
ISBN 0 7337 5914 9
 ii

PREFACE

This Standard was prepared by the Standards Australia Committee IT-006, Information
Technology for Industrial Automation and Integration.
This Standard is identical with, and has been reproduced from IEC 61511-2:2003, Functional
safety—Safety instrumented systems for the process industry sector—Part 2: Guidelines for the
application of IEC 61511-1.
The objective of this Standard is to provide guidance on the specification, design, installation,
operation and maintenance of Safety Instrumented Functions and related safety instrumented
systems as defined in IEC 61511-1.
This Standard is Part 2 of AS IEC 61511—2004, Functional safety—Safety instrumented
systems for the process industry sector, which is published in parts as follows:
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Part 1: Framework, definitions, system, hardware and software requirements

Part 2: Guidelines for the application of AS IEC 61511-1 (this Standard)
Part 3: Guidance for the determination of the required safety integrity levels
The terms ‘normative’ and ‘informative’ are used to define the application of the annex to
which they apply. A normative annex is an integral part of a standard, whereas an informative
annex is only for information and guidance.
As this Standard is reproduced from an International Standard, the following applies:
(a) Its number does not appear on each page of text and its identity is shown only on the
cover and title page.
(b) In the source text ‘this international standard’ should read ‘this Australian Standard’.
(c) A full point should be substituted for a comma when referring to a decimal marker.
 iii

CONTENTS

INTRODUCTION .................................................................................................................... v

1 Scope .............................................................................................................................. 1
2 Normative references ....................................................................................................... 1
3 Terms, definitions and abbreviations ................................................................................ 1
4 Conformance to this International Standard...................................................................... 1
5 Management of functional safety ...................................................................................... 1
5.1 Objective ................................................................................................................ 1
5.2 Requirements ......................................................................................................... 2
6 Safety lifecycle requirements ........................................................................................... 7
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6.1 Objectives............................................................................................................... 7
6.2 Requirements ......................................................................................................... 8
7 Verification....................................................................................................................... 8
7.1 Objective ................................................................................................................ 8
8 Process hazard and risk assessment ............................................................................... 8
8.1 Objectives............................................................................................................... 8
8.2 Requirements ......................................................................................................... 9
9 Allocation of safety functions to protection layers ........................................................... 11
9.1Objective .............................................................................................................. 11
9.2Requirements of the allocation process................................................................. 11
9.3Additional requirements for safety integrity level 4 ................................................ 13
9.4Requirement on the basic process control system as a layer of protection ............ 13
9.5Requirements for preventing common cause, common mode and dependent
failures.................................................................................................................. 14
10 SIS safety requirements specification............................................................................. 15
10.1 Objective .............................................................................................................. 15
10.2 General requirements ........................................................................................... 15
10.3 SIS safety requirements ........................................................................................ 15
11 SIS design and engineering ........................................................................................... 17
11.1 Objective .............................................................................................................. 17
11.2 General requirements ........................................................................................... 17
11.3 Requirements for system behaviour on detection of a fault ................................... 21
11.4 Requirements for hardware fault tolerance ............................................................ 21
11.5 Requirements for selection of components and subsystems.................................. 22
11.6 Field devices......................................................................................................... 24
11.7 Interfaces.............................................................................................................. 25
11.8 Maintenance or testing design requirements ......................................................... 27
11.9 SIF probability of failure ........................................................................................ 28
12 Requirements for application software, including selection criteria for utility
software ......................................................................................................................... 30
12.1 Application software safety lifecycle requirements ................................................ 30
12.2 Application software safety requirements specification .......................................... 33
12.3 Application software safety validation planning ..................................................... 35
12.4 Application software design and development ....................................................... 35
12.5 Integration of the application software with the SIS subsystem ............................. 42
 iv

12.6 FPL and LVL software modification procedures..................................................... 42

12.7 Application software verification ............................................................................ 43
13 Factory acceptance testing (FAT)................................................................................... 44
13.1 Objectives............................................................................................................. 44
13.2 Recommendations ................................................................................................ 44
14 SIS installation and commissioning ................................................................................ 44
14.1 Objectives............................................................................................................. 44
14.2 Requirements ....................................................................................................... 45
15 SIS safety validation ...................................................................................................... 45
15.1 Objective .............................................................................................................. 45
15.2 Requirements ....................................................................................................... 45
16 SIS operation and maintenance ..................................................................................... 46
16.1 Objectives............................................................................................................. 46
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16.2 Requirements ....................................................................................................... 46

16.3 Proof testing and inspection .................................................................................. 46
17 SIS modification ............................................................................................................. 47
17.1 Objective .............................................................................................................. 47
17.2 Requirements ....................................................................................................... 47
18 SIS decommissioning ..................................................................................................... 47
18.1 Objectives............................................................................................................. 47
18.2 Requirements ....................................................................................................... 48
19 Information and documentation requirements ................................................................. 48
19.1 Objectives............................................................................................................. 48
19.2 Requirements ....................................................................................................... 48

Annex A (informative) Example of techniques for calculating the probability of failure

on demand for a safety instrumented function ...................................................................... 49
Annex B (informative) Typical SIS architecture development ............................................... 50
Annex C (informative) Application features of a safety PLC ................................................. 55
Annex D (informative) Example of SIS logic solver application software development
methodology......................................................................................................................... 57
Annex E (informative) Example of development of externally configured diagnostics
for a safety-configured PE logic solver ................................................................................. 61

Figure 1 – Overall framework of this standard ....................................................................... vi

Figure 2 – BPCS function and initiating cause independence illustration .............................. 14
Figure 3 – Software development lifecycle (the V-model) ..................................................... 31
Figure C.1 – Logic solver...................................................................................................... 56
Figure E.1 – EWDT timing diagram....................................................................................... 63

Table 1 – Typical Safety Manual organisation and contents.................................................. 40

 v

INTRODUCTION

Safety instrumented systems have been used for many years to perform safety instrumented
functions in the process industries. If instrumentation is to be effectively used for safety
instrumented functions, it is essential that this instrumentation achieves certain minimum
standards.

This International Standard addresses the application of safety instrumented systems for the
Process Industries. It also deals with the interface between safety instrumented systems and
other safety systems in requiring that a process hazard and risk assessment be carried out.
The safety instrumented system includes sensors, logic solvers and final elements.

This International Standard has two concepts, which are fundamental to its application; safety
lifecycle and safety integrity levels. The safety lifecycle forms the central framework which
links together most of the concepts in this International Standard.
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The safety instrumented system logic solvers addressed include Electrical (E)/Electronic (E)/
and Programmable Electronic (PE) technology. Where other technologies are used for logic
solvers, the basic principles of this standard may also be applied. This standard also
addresses the safety instrumented system sensors and final elements regardless of the
technology used. This International Standard is process industry specific within the framework
of the IEC 61508 series.

This International Standard sets out an approach for safety lifecycle activities to achieve
these minimum standards. This approach has been adopted in order that a rational and
consistent technical policy is used. The objective of this standard is to provide guidance on
how to comply with IEC 61511-1.

To facilitate use of this standard, the clause and subclause numbers provided are identical to
the corresponding normative text in 61511-1 (excluding the annexes).

In most situations, safety is best achieved by an inherently safe process design whenever
practicable, combined, if necessary, with a number of protective systems which rely on
different technologies (for example, chemical, mechanical, hydraulic, pneumatic, electrical,
electronic, thermodynamic (for example, flame arrestors), programmable electronic) which
manage any residual identified risk. Any safety strategy considers each individual safety
instrumented system in the context of the other protective systems. To facilitate this
approach, this standard

• requires that a hazard and risk assessment is carried out to identify the overall safety
requirements;
• requires that an allocation of the safety requirements to the safety functions and related
safety systems, such as the safety instrumented system(s), is carried out;
• works within a framework which is applicable to all instrumented methods of achieving
functional safety;
• details the use of certain activities, such as safety management, which may be
applicable to all methods of achieving functional safety.

This International Standard on safety instrumented systems for the process industry:

• addresses relevant safety lifecycle stages from initial concept, through design,
implementation, operation and maintenance and decommissioning;
• enables existing or new country specific process industry standards to be harmonized
with this standard.

This standard is intended to lead to a high level of consistency (for example, of underlying
principles, terminology, information) within the process industries. This should have both
safety and economic benefits.
 vi

Technical Support
requirements Parts

PART 1 References
Clause 2
Development of the overall safety
requirements (concept, scope definition, PART 1
hazard and risk assessment)
Definitions and
Clause 8 abbreviations
Clause 3
PART 1
PART 1

Allocation of the safety requirements to Conformance

the safety instrumented functions and Clause 4
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development of safety requirements PART 1

Specification
Management of
Clauses 9 and 10
functional safety
Clause 5
PART 1
PART 1
Safety lifecycle
Design phase for Design phase for requirements
safety safety Clause 6
Instrumented instrumented
systems system software PART 1
Clause 11 Clause 12
Verification
Clause 7
PART 1
PART 1
Information
Factory acceptance testing,
requirements
installation and commissioning and
safety validation of safety Clause 19
instrumented systems PART 1
Clauses 13, 14, and 15
Differences
Annex A
PART 1 PART 1
Operation and maintenance,
modification and retrofit, Guidelines for the
decommissioning or disposal of application of part 1
safety instrumented systems
Clauses 16, 17, and 18 PART 2

Guidance for the

determination of the
required safety
integrity levels

PART 3

IEC 1827/03

Figure 1 – Overall framework of this standard

 1

STANDARDS AUSTRALIA

Australian Standard

Functional safety—Safety instrumented systems for the process industry

sector
Part 2: Guidelines for the application of AS IEC 61511.1

1 Scope

IEC 61511-2 provides guidance on the specification, design, installation, operation and
maintenance of Safety Instrumented Functions and related safety instrumented system as
defined in IEC 61511-1. This standard has been organized so that each clause and
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subclause number herein addresses the same clause number in IEC 61511-1 (with the
exception of the annexes).

2 Normative references

No further guidance provided.

3 Terms, definitions and abbreviations

No further guidance provided except for 3.2.68 and 3.2.71 of IEC 61511-1.

3.2.68 A safety function should prevent a specified hazardous event. For example, “prevent
the pressure in vessel #ABC456 exceeding 100 bar.” A safety function may be achieved by

a) a single safety instrumented system (SIS), or

b) one or more safety instrumented systems and/or other layers of protection.

In case b), each safety instrumented system or other layer of protection has to be capable of
achieving the safety function and the overall combination has to achieve the required risk
reduction (process safety target).

3.2.71 Safety instrumented functions are derived from the safety function, have an
associated safety integrity level (SIL) and are carried out by a specific safety instrumented
system (SIS). For example, “close valve #XY123 within 5 s when pressure in vessel
#ABC456 reaches 100 bar”. Note that components of a safety instrumented system may be
used by more than one safety instrumented function.

4 Conformance to this International Standard

No further guidance provided.

5 Management of functional safety

5.1 Objective

The objective of Clause 5 of IEC 61511-1 is to provide requirements for implementing the
management activities that are necessary to ensure that the functional safety objectives
are met.

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AS IEC 61511.2-2004, Functional safety - Safety

instrumented systems for the process industry
sector Guidelines for the application of AS IEC
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61511-1

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