Midterm Lecture: SCHIZOPHRENIA

SCHIZOPHRENIA

All of the following are prominent

o

It is characterized by disturbances in THOUGHT, SENSORY PERCEPTION, including the EMOTIONS, MOVEMENTS, BEHAVIOR. AGE OF ONSET:
o

disorganized speech, disorganized behavior flat or inappropriate affect

Intervention

Less stimulating area Provide information boards with schedules and refer to them often

Late Adolescence or early adulthood

GENDER:
o o

CATATONIC (2)

MEN: 15 25 WOMEN: 25 35

Motor immobility waxy, stupor Excessive motor activity (purposeless) Extreme negativism or mutism Peculiar movements stereotypy of movements Prominent mannerisms and grimacing Echolalia and echopraxia

PREVALENCE:
o

1% of the total population

E. BLEULER

Coined the term schizophrenia Affective disturbance Autism Associative looseness Ambivalence

Intervention

Immobility
o

PARANOID

one or more delusions or frequent auditory hallucinations

To minimize circulatory problems and loss of muscle tone Adequate diet, exercise and rest

Intervention

Serve food sealed Dont laugh or whisper Dont touch, Distance at least 4 ft or Arms length Consistency

UNDIFFERENTIATED

Characteristic symptoms are present But criteria for paranoid, catatonic, or disorganized subtypes are not met.

DISORGANIZED

RESIDUAL

There is continuing evidence of disturbance such as presence of negative symptoms or criterion A

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MENTAL HEALTH AND PSYCHIATRIC NURSING

Midterm Lecture: SCHIZOPHRENIA

symptoms, in an attenuated form (e.g odd beliefs, unusual perceptual experiences) Positive or type I

Poor grooming and hygiene Poor rapport Poverty of speech

Abnormal thought form Agitation, tension Associational disturbances Bizaare behavior Conceptual disorganization

ETIOLOGY

BIOLOGICAL
o

Brain Abnormality Theory

Increased VBR (ventricular brain ratio) BRAIN atrophy, brain cell loss Decreased CBF in the prefrontal complex INCREASED DENSITY OF D2 RECEPTORS

Delusions Excitement Feeling of persecution

Grandiosity Hallucinations Hostility Ideas of reference Illusions Insomnia Suspiciousness

o o

Neurotransmitter theory Genetic theory

PSYCHOLOGICAL (psychodynamic)
o o

Developmental theories Psychoanalytical theory

Negative or type II

Alogia, Anergia, Anhedonia Asocial behavior Attention deficits Avolition Blunted affect Communication difficulties Difficulty with abstractions Passive social withdrawal

OTHER PSYCHOTIC DISORDERS SCHIZOAFFECTIVE DISORDER o Characterized by both affective and schizophrenic symptoms DELUSIONAL DISORDER BRIEF PSYCHOTIC DISORDER SCHIZOPHRENIFORM

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