Changeover strategies

Changeover= Move from 1 system to another Parallel changeover = running to systems alongside each other Direct changeover= stop using one system and go straight to a different one, but the new one might not be tested yet. Pilot changeover= pilot would mean u gently bring it in and try it at one site until u know it works, then bring it in at another site. Phased changeover= is where they bring in a part of the system. Bring in bits of the software at a time.

Changeover - ****Most critical and chaotic period of entire SecSDLC***** Changeover is the process of putting the new security system online and retiring the old system. The types of changeovers are as follows: 1. Parallel 2. Direct (also called Immediate) 3. Phased 4. Pilot Parallel Changeover is the most popular Lowest risk. Old system can be reverted back to if necessary. Disadvantages Expensive and time-consuming. (Most costly) Which system caused the error? Parallel tends to delay the adoption of the new system. Have to maintain both systems. Extra workload to operate both systems. Advantages - Low risk, outputs can be compared to ensure that the new system is functioning correctly. When IT staff and management are satisfied with the outputs of the new system, the old system can be terminated. Parallel Conversion is not practical if the old and new system is totally different in processing tasks, functions, input, or output. Pilot Changeover - (some risk) Implement the new system at a selected location of the company, such as only one branch office. The first group to use the new system is called the pilot site. The old system is still running at the pilot site and for the rest of the organization. After the system proves successful at the pilot site, it is implemented into the rest of the organization, usually using the direct changeover method. Pilot conversion is a "semiparallel" and direct changeover method. Operating both systems at only one site is not as expensive.

Direct or Immediate Replacement (Most risky) Plug in new and unplug old. Outputs of both systems are compared. Direct or Immediate replacement is done when: 1. High percentage of Outputs are new 2. System is not so critical that failure is a disaster 3. Parallel processing is not possible 4. Pressure for Outputs 5. Fall Back system is not available Phased Changeover (some risk) Compromise between Immediate/Direct and Parallel it is recommended over the other two methods. Put one module on the system at a time. Team groups working together during implementation allows the new system to be implemented in stages or modules. Ex. Installing a new financial system. First implement accounts payable, then receivables, then payroll, all in stages instead all at one time. What is the difference between Pilot and Phased Changeover? Pilot gives one location the entire system at a time, while Phase gives one module of the system to all users at a time. Advantages - Risk of errors affects one module at a time only, not the entire system. Less expensive. Disadvantages - Takes longer since each phase must be implemented separately.